TY - RPRT AN - 00166514 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 1. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/07 SP - 97 p. AB - This report describes work done under Title III of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. It discusses the technical support provided, the independent investigations and evaluations carried out, and the analytic procedures and techniques developed and implemented. Both conclusions and recommendations are included. The report consists of eleven volumes. Information includes Vehicle-in-use standards and feasible reject levels; vehicle designs that facilitate or hinder inspection and repair; the capability of the motor vehicle repair industry to correct diagnosed deficiencies or malfunctions, and the cost of such repairs; and the degree of standardization of diagnostic systems and test equipment. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Defects KW - Design standards KW - Equipment tests KW - Fuel consumption KW - Industrial engineering KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Rejects KW - Safety KW - Test equipment KW - Values in measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56562 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166517 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 6. APPENDIX E. TECHNICAL BASIS FOR COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS PY - 1977/07 SP - 126 p. AB - This report details the technical basis or strategy for performance of cost-benefit analysis of motor vehicle inspections using data collected by the participating states. This strategy, involving only direct measures of project performance, is designed to answer the question posed by the evaluation objective; namely, 'Does diagnostic inspection save the motorist money by reducing his aggregate repair costs and improving his gas mileage.' Section 2 presents repair and maintenance cost evaluations. Section 5 deals separately with the fuel economy evaluation. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Classification KW - Data collection KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Evaluation KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Savings KW - States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167051 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 2. APPENDIX A. EVALUATION OF THE MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE OF INSPECTION EQUIPMENT IN THE FIVE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND IN SELECTED REPAIR AGENCIES PY - 1977/07 SP - 190 p. AB - This report describes the conduct of this task on test vehicle engineering and presents pertinent results and conclusions. It is arranged as follows. Section 2 describes the specific objectives and requirements of the task. Section 3 provides details of the equipment and procedures used in the field operations and of the organization established to obtain the data. It also describes field operations. Section 4 discusses the general methodology used in analyzing the data, and describes the data reduction techniques employed. In Section 5, the detailed results of the state project evaluations are presented along with descriptions of special analyses employed. Section 6 provides the detailed results of the repair industry evaluations. Section 7 presents the conclusions drawn from these analyses. Section 8 lists the pertinent references. Appropriate appendixes provide supporting documents, data summaries, and supplemental analysis techniques. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Alabama KW - Alignment KW - Arizona KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Brakes KW - Cost engineering KW - Data collection KW - Fuel systems KW - Headlamps KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Lifts KW - Measuring instruments KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle engines KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Puerto Rico KW - Repair shops KW - Safety KW - Steering gears KW - Tennessee KW - Test facilities KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166515 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 3. APPENDIX B. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WASHINGTON D.C. INSPECTION LANE PY - 1977/07 SP - 57 p. AB - A report is made on the performance of the present research lane operation in Washington, D.C. and four alternate designs. The alternate designs are modifications to the present operation and recognize construction and interface constraints imposed by the building layout and location and equipment-vehicle test procedures. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Alignment KW - Analysis KW - Automobile engines KW - Computer programming KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Dynamic braking KW - Equipment tests KW - Headlamps KW - Inspection KW - Lifts KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger terminals KW - Performance evaluations KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Railroad stations KW - Revisions KW - Sequencing KW - Technology assessment KW - Test equipment KW - Time KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167036 AU - Hogben, D AU - Peavy, S T AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OMNITAB II USER'S REFERENCE MANUAL 1977 SUPPLEMENT PY - 1977/07 SP - 177 p. AB - The supplement describes all the additions and improvements made to the Omnitab 2 computing system at NBS since 1970. Omnitab 1977, as Omnitab 2 is now known, is fully interactive. Major new capabilities now exist in the following areas: Use of labels, table making, plotting, numerical analysis, editing of data, stem-and-leaf displays, selection of variables in linear regression and probability plotting. The supplement is an interim document for use until Omnitab 1977 is released and new documentation prepared. KW - Calculation KW - Computation KW - Computer programming KW - Curve fitting KW - Numerical analysis KW - Plotting KW - Programming manuals KW - Regression analysis KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167053 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 7. APPENDIX F. FUEL ECONOMY EVALUATION PY - 1977/07 SP - 157 p. AB - The performance of this task has been both challenging and frustrating - challenging because it involved wrestling with an interesting and current technical topic, frustrating because of inability to reach agreement on the achievable goals of a fuel economy program within the demonstration projects. Inasmuch as there are several schools of thought on the why of a fuel economy program, this report presents several options on the how of such a program. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Alabama KW - Arizona KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Conservation KW - Cost engineering KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Fuel consumption KW - Incentives KW - Inspection KW - Lifts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Measuring instruments KW - Methodology KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicle engines KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Puerto Rico KW - Repair shops KW - Safety KW - Tennessee KW - Test facilities KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167054 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 8. APPENDIX G. VEHICLE-IN-USE STANDARDS PY - 1977/07 SP - 182 p. AB - This document describes a methodology by which vehicle-in-use standards can be evaluated in terms of their contribution to improved vehicle condition, the associated costs of motor vehicle inspection to achieve improved VIU condition, and the societal benefits of reduced accidents through improved VIU condition. Both conceptual/analytical development and computer implementation are included in this document. KW - Alabama KW - Algorithms KW - Arizona KW - Cost engineering KW - Data collection KW - Errors KW - Failure KW - Industrial engineering KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Puerto Rico KW - Safety KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Standards KW - Tennessee KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166518 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/07 SP - 38 p. AB - This final report describes the work accomplished by Avco Systems Division in support of the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the conduct of the motor vehicle diagnostic inspection demonstration program. The work described herein was accomplished between November 1974 and December 1976. The engineering support role was conceived for the purpose of assisting the NHTSA in the conduct of the diagnostic inspection demonstration program by providing technical support, performing independent investigations and evaluations, and developing and utilizing analytical procedures and techniques necessary to consolidate the information and data acquired. KW - Abstracts KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Calibration KW - Data collection KW - Engineering KW - Equipment tests KW - Industrial engineering KW - Inspection KW - Meetings KW - Methodology KW - Monitoring KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel development KW - Recommendations KW - Research projects KW - Specialized training KW - States KW - Summarizing KW - Surveys KW - Technology KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167052 AU - Joncas, K P AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, PROGRAM ENGINEERING SUPPORT. VOLUME 5. APPENDIX D. ORIENTATION SEMINARS PY - 1977/07 SP - 182 p. AB - The document contains a listing of automobile diagnostic inspection information as discussed in a 1975 seminar in Washington, D.C, Included are an operation procedures manual covering facilities, inspection requirements, personnel requirements and training, and monitoring; data acquisition, requirements, and processing; quality assurance, and public relations. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Alabama KW - Alignment KW - Arizona KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Brakes KW - Cost engineering KW - Data collection KW - Fuel systems KW - Headlamps KW - Inspection KW - Lifts KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Measuring instruments KW - Meetings KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle engines KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Puerto Rico KW - Repair shops KW - Safety KW - Steering gears KW - Tennessee KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321157 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SCHOOL BUS VEHICLE SAFETY REPORT (JULY 1977) PY - 1977/07 AB - Report on school bus accident rates, casualities, and accident causes, mostly 1960's-75. Contents: a. School bus operations, showing pupils, buses, and total operating costs, selected years 1921-75; and student transport mode, by distance from school, 1972. B. Accident occurrence showing bus miles, accidents, fatalities, and injuries; and comparison of casualty rates for school buses and all motor vehicles; selected years 1960-75. C. Accident and injury causes, showing detailed driver error or vehicle defect accident cause; and casualities cross-tabulated by body part, source of injury, and type of accident, selected years 1970-1975. D. Description of safety improvement programs: conslusions; recommendations. Copyright asi. KW - Highways KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197699 AU - Krause, P B AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA: ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 1 - 1977. AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT PY - 1977/07 SP - 60 p. AB - The study analyzes the effects of ASAP on alcohol related traffic accidents. Week-long series of hourly observations were created by summing successive two-year segments of traffic accident records. The resulting series were decomposed via a harmonic analysis into frequency components that represented the time paths of the seven daily cycles. The results of baseline/project period comparisons indicated that the South Dakota ASAP caused a small, temporary reduction in alcohol related (AR) crashes, and in light of rather large increases in AR crashes following project termination, probably maintained a dampening effect throughout the project period. The results of the frequency component analysis were supported by visual inspection of changes in the monthly series of selected subsets of injury and fatal crashes that served as proxy measures for alcohol related crashes. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crash severity KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - South Dakota KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313240 AU - Clark, S G AU - Mangus, K A AU - Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM OF FAIRFAX, VIRGINIA. ANALYTIC STUDY 4, COURT PROCEDURES, 1976 PY - 1977/07 SP - 43 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the judicial countermeasure of the Fairfax ASAP. It provides a short history of the changes in judicial policy, and it focuses on three (3) questions. The first of these relates to the screening function. Did the courts utilize ASAP to capacity. The second question was whether the dispositions for those who participated in the program were less severe than were the dispositions of non-participants. The third question concerned the time lapse between various stages of the process. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - History KW - Impact studies KW - Law enforcement KW - Policy KW - Statistics KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181910 AU - Chandler, R A AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOTIVE RADAR RESEARCH PY - 1977/07 SP - 58 p. AB - The report describes the investigation of the interference effect of radar brake sensors operating in the 60GHz vicinity with satellite communication systems and radio astronomy activity. Also, the results of the study on an experimental baseband radar system, which was built and tested under this contract, are discussed. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Artificial satellites KW - Astronomy KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Communication systems KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Frequency allocation KW - Radar KW - Radar devices KW - Radio KW - Radio astronomy KW - Radio frequency interference KW - Satellite program KW - Sensors KW - Very high frequency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197686 AU - Krenek, R F AU - Oklahoma City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPACT ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. IV PY - 1977/07 SP - 59 p. AB - The study presents an analysis of the impact of the Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) on selected aspects of the traffic safety system in Oklahoma City. Data is presented for the total system from the time of a DUI arrest through the adjudication, probation and rehabilitation phases. Particular emphasis in this report was placed on the selection criteria for pre-sentence investigations and the subsequent effects of a rehabilitation assignment or lack thereof on recidivism rates. Drop-outs from rehabilitation were compared to non-dropouts. Degree of rehabilitation countermeasure structure appeared to be inversely related to drop-out rate. No significant difference in DUI recidivism was found between individuals who received a pre-sentence investigation and were subsequently referred to either a rehabilitation countermeasure or punitive sanction. Problem drinkers had a significantly greater propensity to recidivate than indeterminate or non-problem drinker types. DUI recidivists differ from non-recidivists in that they (recidivists) tend to be older, more likely male, have a disproportionately high share of persons classified as laborers, as well as a disproportionate share of separated or divorced persons. DUI arrest and court processing costs in Oklahoma City average $159.00 per case in 1976. Presentence interview, coordination and monitoring costs for individuals on probation average $118.00 per case in 1976. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Oklahoma KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197657 AU - Krenek, R F AU - Oklahoma City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OKLAHOMA CITY ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT: EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY; ANALYTIC STUDY NO. I PY - 1977/07 SP - 77 p. AB - This report describes the progress and performance of the Oklahoma City Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) during the five-year period 1972 - 1976. The findings of this study include: (1) ASAP enforcement personnel effected 17,187 DUI arrests in Oklahoma City from January, 1972 through December, 1976. (2) ASAP enforcement efficiency as measured in DUI arrests per man-hour increased by a factor of three during the ASAP period covered. (3) Over the five-year period (1972 - 1976) the Oklahoma City Municipal Court disposed of 15,027 DUI cases with 94.9% resulting in a conviction. (4) Average processing time for DUI offenders (arrest to final disposition) decreased from 129 days in 1971 to 65 days in 1976. (5) Knowledge and attitudes of Oklahoma City drivers toward the impaired drinking driver and drinking-driving improved significantly as a result of ASAP. (6) Impactable alcohol related (A/R) fatal accidents in Oklahoma City have remained essentially constant during the year 1973 - 1976 (avg = 26). This level was substantially below the 35 impactable A/R Fatal accidents in 1972 and the estimated 39 A/R fatal accidents in 1971. (pre-ASAP) KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Crash rates KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Oklahoma KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192239 AU - Glauz, W D AU - Sharp, M C AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Kansas City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - KANSAS CITY ASAP, SECTION I. ANALYTIC STUDY 6: AN ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL, REHABILITATION AND PROBATION PY - 1977/07 SP - 138 p. AB - The study deals with the effectiveness of the Kansas City ASAP in rehabilitating or causing behavior modifications in persons arrested and convicted as a result of drunk driving. It examines both the normal diagnosis and referral process developed over the 5 years of ASAP, as well as the more intensively evaluated Short Term Rehabilitation program. The most effective treatment modalities were found to be somewhat more beneficial for selected types of clients than the more traditional, punitive sanctions approach. On the other hand, these same programs could be counterproductive for other clients, indicating a strong need for a careful screening and diagnosis process before referral. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway transportation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Missouri KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167078 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BUMPERS PY - 1977/07 SP - 129 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to bumpers on motor vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bibliographies KW - Bumpers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167079 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RECREATIONAL VEHICLES PY - 1977/07 SP - 107 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to recreational vehicles and their use on public roads. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bibliographies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dwellings KW - Highway safety KW - Internal combustion engines KW - Motor vehicles KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167041 AU - Heldt, R AU - Burke, H AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ON-BOARD VEHICLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/07 SP - 308 p. AB - Forty three areas were identified in the brake, steering, suspension, tire, lighting and signalling systems where safety or inspection benefits might be obtained through the application of on-board vehicle sensors utilizing either on-board or off-board readout. These areas were screened against a variety of criteria, the most important being their potential for accident reduction as determined in the Indiana Tri-Level Studies in Accident Causation. Eleven areas were judged to warrant detailed evaluation of implementation considerations. These eleven candidate areas were then subjected to further analysis including identification of: currently available hardware, existing techniques for sensor application, conceptual devices where hardware does not now exist, and improvements possible in existing devices. In addition, a cost benefit analysis was performed for each candidate area, utilizing estimates of sensor life-cycle cost and benefit, including both safety and other impacts. These results are preliminary in nature, due to the weakness of the data bases in all important areas. Limited consideration was also given to alternative countermeasures in each area. Four candidate areas are judged to offer the potential of a favorable benefit/cost ratio. These are brake performance, tire tread depth, brake lights and brake friction material. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Checkout equipment KW - Detectors KW - Highway safety KW - Inspection KW - Light KW - Lighting KW - Motor vehicles KW - Safety equipment KW - Sensors KW - Signals KW - Steering KW - Steering gears KW - Suspension cables KW - Suspension systems KW - Tire treads KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159387 AU - Blackburn, R R AU - Woodhouse, E J AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF DRUG USE IN DRIVER FATALITIES AND SIMILARLY EXPOSED DRIVERS PY - 1977/07 SP - 196 p. AB - Crash information, urine, blood and bile samples from 900 fatally injured drivers were collected by medical examiners in 22 areas of the country. Randomly selected living drivers were interviewed at times and places of recent fatal crashes in Dallas, Texas, and Memphis, Tennessee and breath, urine, and blood samples were obtained. Of all the fatally injured drivers examined, 14.3% has used one or more of the 43 drugs tested before the crash. The drugs detected most frequently were antihistamines/decongestants, narcotics, and stimulants. The findings were not geographically dependent. Of the living drivers examined, 7.9% had been using one or more drugs prior to the interview, most frequently antihistamines/decongestants and sedatives. These findings were not site- or city-dependent. Users of drugs are about two times as likely to be fatally injured in a vehicular crash as non-users. The relative risk is greatest for drivers using narcotic analgesics, sedatives/hypnotics, and nicotine, respectively. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analgesics KW - Antihistamines KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Body fluids KW - Cns stimulants KW - Comparative analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Fatalities KW - Hypnotics and sedatives KW - Interviewing KW - Medical examinations and tests KW - Medication KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Narcotics KW - Nasal decongestants KW - Nicotine KW - Sedatives KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tennessee KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25442/DOT-HS-802-488.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176297 AU - Croke, J A AU - Teknekron, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ASAP P.I. AND E. COUNTERMEASURE: SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES AND EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1977/07 SP - 114 p. AB - The report summarizes the activities and effectiveness of the Public Information and Education (P.I. and E.) countermeasures which were conducted as part of the Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAP). Evidence presented indicates ASAP P.I. and E. countermeasure had impact upon public attitudes, knowledge and, to some extent, behavior associated with drinking driving problems. Early evaluations of P.I. and E. activities (1971-1974) showed that is campaigns specifically addressed a particular issue they were more likely to produce change on that issue. The ASAP telephone surveys conducted in 1975 and 1976 showed that public awareness of the drunk driving has reached a high stable level, and public knowledge about alcohol increased significantly. People's ability to recognize drunk driving situations, their belief in personal responsibility for preventing drunk driving, and their discussion of the problem were all positively influenced by exposure to advertising. Intervention behavior appeared less easily influenced by advertising. Finally, special evaluations of local P.I. and E. activities also yielded favorable results. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175967 AU - Nickel, W E AU - Sieracki, G AU - Wood, J AU - Deal, R L AU - Deal (Richard L) and Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NDR RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEM SUPPORT SERVICE PY - 1977/07 SP - 104 p. AB - The report indicates that development of an on-line National Driver Register (NDR) system is technically feasible; the principal missing element is the telecommunications network. Use of either a government operated network or a commercial facility are logical network solutions within policy and privacy constraints. Refinement of cost data is scheduled during Phase II effort, at which time a specific recommendation would be made. The avoidance of 7 traffic fatalities through NDR action would offset cost of the present system by avoiding the societal costs of these fatalities. An increase of 1% in positive NDR responses would more than double the potential for removing problem drivers from the road. The 16-state on-line system with other States continuing batch/mail would cost only 28% more than the present system in current dollars. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computers KW - Cost estimating KW - Driver records KW - Drivers KW - Estimates KW - Government policies KW - Information retrieval KW - Information systems KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Networks KW - On line computers KW - Policy KW - Prevention KW - Records management KW - Safety KW - Security KW - States KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165934 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM--A REPORT TO THE CONGRESS FROM THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1977/07 SP - v.p. AB - This report recommends that the Federal insistence on mandatory compliance with each of the present 18 Highway Safety Program Standards be replaced with a more flexible stance. It is also recommended that greater reliance must be placed upon state and local highway safety agencies to identify their most pressing problems and advance appropriate solutions to them. The analyses and findings are summarized, and a background to the program is provided. The highway safety program is reappraised and recommendations are provided with respect to: future highway safety standards, sanctions, incentives, Federal-State relations, state-local relations, and the role of the private sector. A detailed evaluation of the adequacy and appropriateness of the existing Standards is presented as well as several appendices containing study methodologies, representative highway safety community comments, and findings by the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee KW - Evaluation KW - Federal government KW - Highway safety KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Private enterprise KW - Standards KW - State government KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00117482 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RULEMAKING SUPPORT PAPER CONCERNING THE 1981-1984 PASSENGER AUTO AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS PY - 1977/07 SP - 223 p. AB - The report assesses the automobile industry ability to produce more fuel efficient automobiles in the 1981-1984 time frame. The assessment included the following considerations: technology feasibility, economic practicability, effect of other Federal standards, and the need of the nation to conserve fuel. This assessment indicated that the manufacturers could achieve average fuel economy standards of 22 mpg in 1981, 24 mpg in 1982, 26 mpg in 1983 and 27 mpg in 1984. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Analysis KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Manufacturing KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169281 AU - Monaco, J P AU - SRI International AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE COLLECTION OF NATIONAL TREND DATA ON ALCOHOL RELATED CRASHES FOR COMPARISON WITH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECTS RESULTS. VOLUME 2. ASAP CONTROL SITE DATA PY - 1977/07 SP - 139 p. AB - As a result of evaluations of the Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAP), a requirement was generated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for the development of a data base of alcohol-related accidents in communities with no alcohol safety programs (control communities). This data base could be used by NHTSA to determine whether changes in alcohol-related crashes in the ASAP Communities could be attributed to the projects or to trends in all communities. The objectives of the study were to select a group of control communities for ASAP communities and to collect monthly accident data from them for an eight-year period (1968-1975). Twenty communities were selected as candidate controls and then matched with the ASAP communities by a clustering technique. The final data base consists of data from 12 control communities that provided data for most of the eight-year period and were considered appropriate controls for one or more of the ASAP communities. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Control sampling KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Drunk driving KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical sampling KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169280 AU - Monaco, J P AU - SRI International AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE COLLECTION OF NATIONAL TREND DATA ON ALCOHOL RELATED CRASHES FOR COMPARISON WITH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECTS RESULTS. VOLUME 1. NATIONAL TREND SAMPLE PY - 1977/07 SP - 149 p. AB - To study the national trend in alcohol-related crashes, a sample of 14 states was selected, and monthly accident data were collected for each state for the years 1965 through 1975. Surrogate measures for alcohol-related crashes were chosen on the basis of previous research. These measures were generated from the data base of the sample states and analyzed. Both alcohol- and non-alcohol-related surrogate measures reflected similar trends until the energy crisis (October 1973). Although all surrogate measures showed some decrease in accident rates due to the energy crisis and the 55-mph speed limit (January 1974), alcohol-related surrogates showed a slower rate of decrease, and it appears that the percentage of fatal accidents that are alcohol-related has been increasing since 1973. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Drunk driving KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fatalities KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Speed limits KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167296 AU - Ryan, R P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A SEMI-AUTOMATED PULSE-ECHO ULTRASONIC SYSTEM FOR INSPECTING TIRES PY - 1977/07 SP - 58 p. AB - A nondestructive tire-testing system has been developed using the pulse-echo ultrasonic technique, which offers substantial advantages over all other physical nondestructive-testing methods and shows promise of reducing the cost of production-tire inspection. Developed under the sponsorship of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NHTSA (M.J. Lourenco, Program Director), the system was specifically designed to meet the requirements for detecting flaws in new tires. For this application, the reliable detection of possibly subtle flaws demands sophisticated techniques, but costs can be minimal because a high level of automation may be used. Work is underway to relate tire failure to anomalies observable by reflection ultrasonics. If satisfactory correlation can be demonstrated, the system may be used to screen larger samples of tires before testing for compliance with Motor Vehicle Standard 109. This report describes the ultrasonic techniques, explains the operation of the system and presents examples of data displays produced by the system test results from a small sample of tires. KW - Information display systems KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Scanners KW - Scanning KW - Signal processing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197628 AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDAHO ASAP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT SUMMARY (1976) PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 30 p. AB - The report provides background information for the Alcohol Safety Action Project in Idaho. Countermeasures implemented to reduce the number of drunken drivers on Idaho highways are discussed. Accident trends in Idaho before the project, during the project, and after the project, are analyzed. KW - Alcoholism KW - Countermeasures KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Idaho KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313109 AU - Treat, J R AU - Romberg, R A AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MOFIFICATION TASK 1: FINAL REPORT ON POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE SYSTEMS IN PREVENTING ACCIDENTS OR REDUCING THEIR SEVERITY PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 88 p. AB - A analysis was conducted to assess the potential accident prevention and severity reduction benefits or various possible improvements in vehicle systems. Based on a review of the literature and in consultation with NHTSA, 11 potential improvements and variations of these were defined for assessment. Benefits were assessed by having four members of IRPS' engineering staff manually review individual in-depth case reports to extract information needed for these assessments, and to hypothetically assess the benefits derived from equipping one or more of the vehicles in each accident with each of these systems. A total of 420 in-depth investigation reports were available for review. "Possible" benefits recorded for the various systems ranged from a low of 0.5% (two accidents out of 420) for "standardization of driver controls," to a high of 8.8% (37 accidents) for "improved brake lights." The maximum "certain" benefit (8 accidents) was for "vehicle lifetime brake components," which were also judged to be of "possible" benefit in up to 5.5% of these accidents (23 of 420). KW - Automotive engineering KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Improvements KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313111 AU - McDonald, S T AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MODIFICATION TASK 4: FINAL REPORT ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS AND ACCIDENT CAUSATION PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 63 p. AB - A analysis was conducted to determine if driver characteristics were related to factors which were judged to cause or increase the severity of accidents. Statisticial tests were employed to evaluate causation differences on the basis of driver trip plan, fatigue, number of passengers, age, driving experience, vehicle familiarity, and road area familiarity. Results indicate driver fatigue, trip plan, road area familiarity, number of passengers and age were related to factors which caused accidents. For males, vehicle familiarity and for females, driving experience were also related. KW - Age KW - Behavior KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Driver age KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passengers KW - Personnel performance KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313110 AU - McDonald, S T AU - Romberg, R A AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MODIFICATION TASK 2: FINAL REPORT ON DRIVER/VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO VEHICLE CONDITION AND CAUSATION AND AN ASSESSMENT OF INDIANA PMVI EFFECTIVENESS TO REDUCE THE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF ACCIDENT CAUSES BY VEHICULAR-RELATED MALFUNCTIONS/DEGRADATIONS PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 83 p. AB - Results of this study indicate that vehicle condition was significantly related to driver age, education, marital status, occupation, family income, driver education, and vehicle age and manufacture. The likelihood of vehicular causal involvement in accidents was related to driver age, vehicle age and vehicle body style. Concerning PMVI effectiveness, 51.7% of the components which were judged to be causally implicated in accidents were either not manditorily inspected through Indiana PMVI or if inspected were later judged to be in a failing condition at the time of state inspection. Of all components checked which were defective at the time of the accident, 28.9% were judged to be defective at the time of the state inspection. KW - Age KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Deterioration KW - Driver age KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Failure KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Service life KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle age KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305921 AU - McDonald, S T AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MODIFICATION. TASK 6: A FINAL REPORT ON SUPPLEMENTAL CAUSATION ASSESSMENTS THROUGH HYPOTHESIS TESTING PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 72 p. AB - Under a modification to the 'Tri-Level Study of the Causes of Traffic Accidents,' a separate analysis was conducted to statistically assess the potential causal involvement of selected vehicle factors. Accident situations in which the presence of component defects are considered to be a potential danger are identified and the condition of vehicles in these situations compared to the condition of vehicles in accident situations where the component defect was considered to be of less importance. Control variables which might themselves account for the differences found are identified and statistical methods used to control for their effects. Results of the study indicate that driver/vehicle combinations involved in control loss accidents were associated with the presence of a combination of human, vehicle and environmental factors where poor vehicle condition was a contributing factor. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Defects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Failure KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Tires KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305792 AU - Shinar, D AU - Treat, J R AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MODIFICATION TASK 3: VALIDITY ASSESSMENT OF POLICE-REPORTED ACCIDENT DATA PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 110 p. AB - A special analysis was conducted as a part of a major accident causation study to assess the validity of police-reported traffic accident data. Information theory and signal detection theory techniques were used to assess police data reliability by comparing it with MDAI and Level II (technical level) data collected during the Tri-Level Study of Accident Causation. Results indicate the accident level variables reported by the police with least reliability were vertical road character, accident severity, and road surface composition. The most reliably reported data were those concerned with the accident location, date, and number of drivers, passengers, and vehicles. The informativeness of the police reports with respect to driver/vehicle characteristics was practically nil, with the exception of driver age, sex, and vehicle model for which the police were correct most of the time (but not errorless). It was also found that police reports provided very little information regarding the presence of different human conditions and states, vehicle defects and environmental/road deficiencies. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Crash reports KW - Crash severity KW - Data collection KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Reliability KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305558 AU - McDonald, S T AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY: MODIFICATION. TASK 5: AN EXAMINATION OF DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS AND COLLISION PRODUCING ERRORS OF ACCIDENT AND TRAFFIC VIOLATION REPEATERS PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 49 p. AB - Under a modification to the "Tri-level Study of the Causes of Traffic Accidents," a separate analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics and collision producing errors of accident and traffic violation prone drivers. Statistical tests were employed to evaluate the differences between accident/conviction repeaters and non-repeaters. Results of the study indicate that accident repeaters when compared to non-repeaters were more frequently young (20-24 years old), male, single, attended but didn't graduate from college and caused accidents more frequently because of decision errors (more specifically, improper evasive actions). Drivers with prior convictions when compared to those with no prior convictions were more frequently between the ages of 20 and 24, male, single, indicated they had attended but not completed college, white-collar workers (less frequently professional or housewives) and caused more accidents more frequently because of excessive speed or alcohol impairment. It was also found that the accident and conviction repeaters were more frequently exposed to accident risk, a factor which could account for the other effects found. In addition, the accident and conviction non-repeaters were found to cause the accident investigated just as often as the repeaters. KW - Accident prone drivers KW - Adolescents KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Behavior KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Hazards KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Males KW - Risk assessment KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181920 AU - Seila, A F AU - Entsminger, M A AU - Silva, C Z AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE LOWERED MAXIMUM SPEED LIMIT AND FUEL SHORTAGES IN NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 215 p. AB - Because of the energy crisis of early 1974 and the resulting measures (both voluntary and mandatory) to conserve fuel supplies, there were dramatic changes in both the highway environment and accident scene. This report examines North Carolina data on vehicle mileage, traffic volumes, accident frequencies and severity, crash rates, and driver characteristics in an effort to derive some insight into the nature of the changes that occurred, and to specifically identify those factors that may have had a significant influence on the lower number of fatal accidents. Most of the analyses involve a comparison of data for the first four months of 1973, 1974, and 1975. Where trends have been in effect for several years, certain variables such as overall vehicle mileage and accident rates are examined using techniques from time series analysis. KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuels KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Human characteristics KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - North Carolina KW - Speed limits KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time series KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197662 AU - Duffy, J AU - Hebert, C J AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Data Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, SECTION III, ANALYTICAL STUDY 4, JUDICIAL PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 30 p. AB - The New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) has made a major effort to assist the judicial system in New Orleans in dealing with the threefold increase in drunken driving arrests generated by the enforcement section of ASAP. The project provided two part-time special prosecutors whose sole responsibility was the effective and efficient prosecution of drunken driving cases. This analytic study covers the entire project period, from 1972 through 1976. During this time span it has been the responsibility of the judicial section of ASAP to provide efficient and professional prosecution of cases initiated both by the ASAP enforcement unit and by the regular patrol personnel. In this analytic study a step-wise multiple discriminate analysis was used to determine which factors of those available were important in determining whether a driver was found not guilty, was found guilty of a reduced charge, or was found guilty of the original driving while intoxicated (DWI) charge. Additionally, a group composed of individuals who did not appear for their court hearing and who are still at large was included. The results of this analysis indicate that the most important determinate of the disposition of these cases is the blood alcohol content of the individual when arrested. There have also been large year to year variations in the disposition of cases. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197667 AU - Weiss, A C AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW ORLEANS ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION I. TECHNICAL SUMMARY, 1972-1976 PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 14 p. AB - The summary is intended to illustrate the history of the New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) which began operation in January 1972 and terminated, under federal funding, operation in December 1976. This project was designed to solve, or considerably improve, the drunk driving problem. This was achieved through a series of countermeasures in the areas of Enforcement, Rehabilitation, Judicial and Public Information and Education. The major emphasis of the project was placed on the arrest, prosecution, conviction, and rehabilitation of the problem drinker who drives and the education of the social drinker who drives as to how alcohol affects driving ability. It will also point out the project's impact on other agencies and areas, as well as plans for continued operation following the termination of federal funding. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197676 AU - Duffy, J AU - Hebert, C J AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Data Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW ORLEANS ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION III, ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 3. ENFORCEMENT PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 41 p. AB - The present study concerns the enforcement effort directed at apprehending intoxicated drivers in New Orleans. The New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project (NOASAP) has funded a special unit within the New Orleans Police Department whose mission is limited to the detection and apprehension of drunken drivers. The arrests generated by this unit as well as arrests generated by the rest of the police force are the basis for the other ASAP counter measure systems. This report covers the period 1972 through 1976 encompassing both the original ASAP period, 1972-1974, and the continuation project period, 1975-1976. The Alcohol Safety Enforcement Section (ASES) concentrates its activities from 9:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M. Tuesday through Saturday nights. During the continuation period a sequence of saturation patrols limited to selected areas of the city was introduced, a change from the previous enforcement strategy of city-wide patrolling. During saturation patrolling arrests in some areas increased and accidents decreased. The ASES patrols arrest drunken drivers whose blood alcohol content is lower than individuals arrested by regular units. Although there is no 'drying up' effect seen in the analysis of the saturation patrolling experiment, there is evidence that the average BAC of drunken drivers arrested in New Orleans has declined while the project has been in operation. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle operations KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Prevention KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197350 AU - Duffy, J AU - Hebert, C J AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Data Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, SECTION III, ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 5/6, PRESENTENCE INVESTIGATION AND REHABILITATION PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 67 p. AB - One major objective of the New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Program (NOASAP) is to provide treatment programs fitted to the needs of persons convicted of drunken driving in order to prevent further abusive alcohol-driving behavior. There are two primary parts of this effort. NOASAP has provided a presentence investigation (PSI) unit to determine the extent of each individual's problem with alcohol and to assist the judge in deciding the correct disposition for each individual referred for PSI. The other part of this effort involves implementation of the court's decision (exemplified in the probation order) by cooperation with outside agencies and by supervision of each client's progress through the treatment plan by a probation officer. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Convictions KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drug abuse KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Mass communication KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic conviction KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197490 AU - Duffy, J AU - Hebert, C J AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Data Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW ORLEANS ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT SECTION III. ANALYTICAL STUDY 7. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 43 p. AB - The report assesses the public relations campaign conducted by the New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project. Although there was no specific data available to evaluate each specific countermeasure, the results of the study indicated that the campaign had minor effects in changing overall attitudes on drunk driving. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Low enforcement KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Project management KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public opinion KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176240 AU - Hause, J AU - Chavez, E AU - Hannon, R AU - Matheson, D AU - Stockton Police Department AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INCREASED D.U.I. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 106 p. AB - The Second Annual Report for the Increased D.U.I. Enforcement Program represents the first full year of enforcement activity and the evaluation of the productivity and effectiveness of that application. The D.U.I. Enforcement Project utilizes increased levels of personnel specifically for the purposes of impacting alcohol related accidents through the detection and apprehension of persons driving under the influence of intoxicants. The evaluation design plans provided for the City of Stockton to be divided into two operational areas with increased enforcement being provided in each area for a period of six months. KW - Alcohol usage KW - Alcohol use KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - California KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Program effectiveness KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25455/DOT-HS-802-205.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00117481 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR MODEL YEAR 1981-1984 PASSENGER CARS PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 141 p. AB - The study evaluated various micro- and macroeconomic impacts of the average fuel economy standards for model year 1981-84 passenger cars. Such microeconomic impacts as cost and price changes for both the domestic manufacturers and the consumer were analyzed. Also examined were such macroeconomic impacts as employment, energy consumption and G.N.P. KW - Analysis KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Employment KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gross national product KW - Impact studies KW - Manufacturing KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169772 AU - Machey, J M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROPOSED RULEMAKING CONCERNING PASSENGER AUTOMOTIVE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY PY - 1977/06/24 SP - 106 p. AB - The Environmental Impact Statement reviews the environmental impact of passenger automobile fuel economy standards for model year 1981-1984 and beyond. The review includes an analysis of the environmental effects of the standards on material substitution, diesel engines, noise, water usage, air quality, and solid waste. KW - Air pollution KW - Automobiles KW - Diesel engines KW - Energy KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Noise KW - Solid wastes KW - Standards KW - Substitutes KW - Water consumption KW - Water utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197481 AU - Clay, T R AU - Ellingstad, V S AU - Phoenix Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT, SECTION TWO, ANALYTIC STUDY I(PHOENIX, AZ.) PY - 1977/06 SP - 96 p. AB - The focus of the study is on analysis of motor vehicle crash rates as the ultimate criterion of ASAP impact. Results indicated a decreasing trend in both injury and total crashes. Fatal crashes were relatively unchanged, but their characteristically low monthly frequency limited usefulness of this measure. Crash subsets known to be closely associated with alcohol involvement (such as single vehicle and nighttime injury) provided additional evidence for a downward trend. Unfortunately, positive effects were not felt until the second year of Project activity (1973) and were similar to trends observed in the comparison city of Tucson, Arizona. For these reasons, it cannot be concluded that the ASAP achieved its crash reduction objectives. The report also describes countermeasure elements and charts the ASAP system process from arrest through final DWI case disposition. Profiles of fatal crashes, drivers and pedestrians are also presented, with a comparison made between alcohol-related and other accidents. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Arizona KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Profiles KW - Project management KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167396 AU - Bishop, E W AU - Hamilton, J W AU - Oates, JFJ AU - Dunlap and Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SYSTEM PY - 1977/06 SP - 85 p. AB - This report is the second of two studies undertaken to produce the PTS Personnel Performance Evaluation System. Using PTS Job Descriptions produced in the first study, this study proceeded to define and validate 'evaluative factors,' i.e., clusters of personnel activities that could be observed, measured and evaluated relative to performance standards. These factors were designed into a system of evaluation for use by first-level supervisors. The system included detailed instructions, forms and guidance for implementing the system. The system was then pilot-tested in ten police agencies, reviewed, revised and prepared for publication. This report describes the underlying concepts of evaluation, the study methodology and pilot test results. KW - Highway traffic control KW - Job analysis KW - Level of service KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel management KW - Police KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167077 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE TITLING AND REGISTRATION PY - 1977/06 SP - 99 p. AB - Representative of literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, this bibliography is concerned with the registration and identification of motor vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Drivers KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Regulations KW - States KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166513 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY RELATED RECALL CAMPAIGNS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING TIRES-DETAILED REPORTS FROM OCTOBER 1, 1976 TO DECEMBER 31, 1976 PY - 1977/06 SP - 811 p. AB - The document contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment and tire manufacturers during the fourth quarter of 1976. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197612 AU - Lowery, F AU - Romslo, F AU - Westling, J AU - MCGRATH, B AU - Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HENNEPIN COUNTY ASAP, OPERATIONAL YEARS 1972-1976 PY - 1977/06 SP - 70 p. AB - The report summarizes the performance and accomplishments of the Hennepin County ASAP, a community level demonstration project to test effectiveness of programs to control the drinking driver. Ultimate objective was to reduce motor vehicle crash losses. Period of performance was 1972-1976. All traffic deaths decreased from annual average of 126 during baseline years 1969-1971 to annual average of 98 during ASAP operational years 1972-1976. Proportion of fatally injured drivers in Hennepin County with illegal (greater than 10%) blood alcohol concentrations declined from 55% during 1970 and 1971 to less than 40% in 1975 and 1976. Corresponding percentages for neighboring counties went from 44% to 55% while the balance of the state remained constant over time near 50%. Driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrests increased from 3,414 in 1971 to 6,673 in 1976, peaking at 8,325 in 1974 when the greatest amount of ASAP-funded extra police patrolling was done. A system of presentence investigation (alcohol problems assessment) for drivers convicted of alcohol related charges, with referral to rehabilitation programs was devised by ASAP, accepted by the courts, and adopted statewide by legislation. Convicted drivers receiving PSI and referral were re-arrested for a subsequent DWI half as often as those receiving only conventional penalties. Public information and education programs resulted in significant increase in public knowledge and awareness, concern, and willingness to take action. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Minnesota KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159338 AU - Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1977/06 SP - 37 p. AB - The specifications have been reprinted by the Accident Investigation Division, National Center for Statistics and Analysis for use by accident research teams and analysts in highway safety. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Height KW - Highway safety KW - Length KW - Research KW - Size KW - Specifications KW - Tar KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Weight KW - Weight mass KW - Wheels KW - Width UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311306 AU - Hennessy, R T AU - Newton, R E AU - Human Factors Research, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERIPEHERAL VISION TRAINING FOR MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVERS PY - 1977/06 SP - 241 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if the peripheral vision of motor vehicle drivers can be improved through training. The specific goals were: (1) to develop an indoor training technique which would produce sustantial improvement in one or more peripheral vision functions, and (2) to determine if the improvements realized through indoor training would transfer to both similar and different peripheral vision functions in the driving context. Three experiments were performed. Since peripheral vision declines with age, the majority of the subjects participating in these experiments were 60 years of age or older. During Experiment I the training regimen was too strenuous for the subjects so that no useful results, other than methodological ones, were obtained. Experiment II consisted of 10 days of training on vehicular silhouette recognition in the peripheral field of view. The experimental subjects showed significant and substantial improvements in their ability to recognize vehicular silhouettes. A control group showed no improvement. Experiment III replicated Experiment II with the addition of testing while driving on the highway. A control group was administered the same tests as the experimental subjects. The experimental subjects again showed substantial improvements in peripheral vision performance in the training context. They also showed significant improvement on the silhouette recognition and motion detection tests conducted during driving. Remarkably, however, the control subjects exhibited nearly as much improvement on the same tests. The difference in improvement between the groups was not statistically significant; thus, there was no evidence that improvement of peripheral vision due to indoor training transfers to the driving context. However, the rapid improvement in peripheral vision performance during driving tests by both experimental and control subjects is testimony to the fact that this is a readily trainable function. (NHTSA) KW - Driver training KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Peripheral vision KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305893 AU - Darwick, N AU - International Association of Chiefs of Police AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ENFORCEMENT OF THE NATIONAL MAXIMUM SPEED LIMIT ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES PY - 1977/06 SP - 231 p. AB - The objective of this effort, Phase I of a three phase project, was to develop a profile of existing practices, techniques and procedures used by State polic and highway patrols in enforcing the NMSL. The report is a complilation of the information provided in the Resource document and the observations made during the field visit. The report includes information and commentary which will permit immediate utilization of the report in planning the operation of speed enforcement programs. KW - Law enforcement KW - Police KW - Speed limits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181992 AU - Enserink, E AU - Dynamic Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPLIANCE AND CRASHWORTHINESS TESTS ON AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE-1975 METRO-ELECTRIC 4-DOOR SEDAN PY - 1977/06 SP - 78 p. AB - A 1975 Metro-Electric 4-door sedan was subjected to pendulum and low speed barrier impact tests to determine compliance with FMVSS 215. It was later subjected to a 30-mph barrier impact test to obtain data relative to FMVSS 204, 212, and 301. The vehicle did not appear to meet the requirements of FMVSS 215 and 301. A small electrical shock and fire hazard existed after the 30-mph barrier impact test. A Part 572 dummy which occupied the right front passenger seat developed a HIC of 631 and a chest severity index of 262. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crashworthiness KW - Electric vehicles KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Hazards KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicles KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181923 AU - Hutchinson, J W AU - Sayre, R V AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RECREATIONAL VEHICLE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION STUDY. VOLUME 1 PY - 1977/06 SP - 291 p. AB - The study covers the analysis of 969 bi-level reported recreational vehicle accident investigations involving 981 recreational vehicles during the two year period from January 1, 1974 through December 31, 1975. Also included, for purposes of enhancing the bi-level study, were sixty-five in-depth investigations of human, vehicular, and environmental factors involved in recreational vehicle accidents and determinations of recreational vehicle exposure and accident involvement rates and risk indices. This volume describes driver, vehicle and highway characteristics of the study area, recreational vehicle exposure rates, accident involvement rates, and risk indices. Also discussed are data collection and analysis methodologies, recreational vehicle high accident locations, in-depth accident investigations and multivariate combinations of bi-level accident data. Conclusions are drawn with respect to (1) the relative contribution of recreational vehicles to the highway safety problem, (2) overrepresented driver groups, vehicle types, highway features, ambient conditions and accident types for the recreational vehicle population at risk, and (3) needed corrective actions. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash types KW - Crashes KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Dwellings KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazards KW - High risk locations KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Recreational facilities KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Research KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety engineering KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197538 AU - Beshai, N N AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE MINI-ASAP REHABILITATION COUNTERMEASURES: 1976 PY - 1977/06 SP - 65 p. AB - The study dealt with the effectiveness of three major rehabilitation programs for drinking-drivers: Disulfiram, Alcoholics Anonymous and Court School Programs. A program was considered effective if it helped in the reduction of recidivism for alcohol-related driving offenses and crashes. The study used samples of drivers who were referred to three types of treatments. It also used a comparison group composed of individuals who were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol, but not referred to treatment. Multiple regression analyses formed the core of the analyses. Recidivism rates for selected groups were compared. The profiles of recidivists vs. non recidivists were examined. Finally, ASAP's catalytic effect on rehabilitation was described. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - California KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multiple regression KW - Multiple regression analysis KW - Prevention KW - Profiles KW - Recidivism KW - Regression analysis KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197321 AU - Ulmer, R G AU - Jacobs, H AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYSIS OF ASAP PATROL ACTIVITY PY - 1977/06 SP - 42 p. AB - During the ASAP years, DWI arrests reached an annual rate more than triple that of the years prior to the project. The ASAP operated two forms of enforcement. During 1972-1974 a team of 11 State Police carried out enforcement patrols on a fulltime basis. During 1975-1976, patrols were carried out by local and State Police on an overtime basis. Both forms of patrol were found to be more effective in making DWI arrests than were regular patrols. The overtime patrols were more cost-effective in terms of patrol man-hours per DWI arrest. Considerable variation was found among the performance of the officers assigned to the team. Officers who stopped more vehicles per unit time did not have higher DWI arrest rates. The efficiency of local overtime patrols (man-hours per DWI arrest) was found to be unrelated to various measurable characteristics of the communities in which the patrols were conducted. Arrest levels were also unrelated to the frequency with which vehicles were stopped. Both forms of special patrols had higher compliance rates with chemical testing procedures than did regular patrols. Special patrols also tended to make arrests at lower BACs than did regular patrols. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - New Hampshire KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197325 AU - Ulmer, R G AU - Jacobs, H H AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DRIVER RETRAINING SCHOOLS PY - 1977/06 SP - 63 p. AB - The Rehabilitation Countermeasure of the New Hampshire's Alcohol Safety Action Project provided referral, screening and a Driver Retraining School for modifying the drinking/driving behavior of individuals convicted of driving while intoxicated. Two studies using random assignments of subjects measured the effectiveness of the program. In the first study 500 driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders were assigned to the Driver Retraining School and 500 DWI offenders were given no treatment and served as controls. The second study, part of a national Short Term Rehabilitation study, involved 101 problem drinkers in the assigned group and 101 problem drinkers in the control group. The major findings were as follows: (1) There were no major differences between the comparison groups in the primary traffic safety measure of DWI recidivism and subsequent accidents. It was found, however, that problem drinkers with initial BACs of .20 or over who were assigned to the Driver Retraining School had fewer subsequent DWIs than an equivalent control group; (2) Problem drinkers who were in the assigned group reported greater social interaction and more control over their drinking, but this latter effect diminished after one year. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Driver training KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Human factors KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New Hampshire KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197477 AU - Swenson, P R AU - Clay, T R AU - Phoenix Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION ACTIVITY, SECTION TWO, ANALYTIC STUDY VI(PHOENIX, AZ.) PY - 1977/06 SP - 230 p. AB - The report describes the rehabilitation system, presents key performance measures, and constructs profiles of various DWI subgroups. Valuable organizational improvements are documented, including establishment of a Rehabilitation-Probation Center. Rehabilitation effectiveness is addressed through analyses of DWI arrest recidivism and newly developed behavioral criteria relating to client "life status." Recidivism results were largely negative. Several methodological issues are discussed in relation to interpretation of results, and three options for program planning are presented. The report concludes that since both punitive sanctions and current programs appear ineffectual, the most reasonable alternative would be to systematically develop and evaluate a different mix of rehabilitation modalities. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arizona KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - Law enforcement KW - Organization KW - Organization theory KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Profiles KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197326 AU - Ulmer, R G AU - Jacobs, H H AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYSIS OF THE ADJUDICATION OF ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC ARRESTS PY - 1977/06 SP - 32 p. AB - During the years of ASAP operation in New Hampshire, arrests for operating under the influence of alcohol (DWI) increased almost four fold from the annual rates experienced in the years before the project. This increase in arrests has not adversely affected the adjudication of DWI cases. For example, 89 percent of the persons arrested and arraigned as first offenders in 1976 were found guilty, the same rate as occurred in 1971. Most DWI cases are adjudicated within about one month of the arrest, with this time span having remained relatively stable despite the increased caseload. Of 8,578 persons arrested for DWI in 1976, 1090 had blood alcohol levels below .10 percent and were not arraigned. Of the remainder, 6,789 had been adjudicated as of April 1977 while the rest (699) were outstanding. Of the 6,300 persons charged as first offenders, 31 percent contested the case, with this rate being essentially unchanged over the years. Eighty nine percent of first offenders were found guilty and just under 10 percent appealed. The average fine in 1976 first offense cases was $160, a figure that has been increasing gradually over the years. The most common license revocation period was 60 days followed by a variable length revocation associated with court referral to the ASAP. Comparisons of the individual courts in the system shows variation in first offense conviction rates from 66 to 100 percent, a range of average fines from $78 to $215 and a range of appeal rates from zero to 29 percent. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Before and after studies KW - Driver licenses KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accident KW - New Hampshire KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197327 AU - Ulmer, R G AU - Jacobs, H H AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYSIS OF OVERALL PROJECT IMPACT PY - 1977/06 SP - 79 p. AB - Fatal and injury producing motor vehicle accidents declined in number by significant amounts during the ASAP period (1972-1976) as compared with the years prior to the project. These reduced accident levels represent a departure from the trend that existed in the state for at least 10 years before implementation of the ASAP. Examination of various sub-sets of accidents show a tendency toward, or statistical confirmation of the view that the declines have occurred in the classes of accidents most likely to be alcohol related. Also, examination of alternate explanations for the noted accident declines discount changes in exposure, energy and speed policies and economic and other global conditions as possible factors. It is suggested that ASAP enforcement and public information efforts created a deterrent effect that modified the drinking-driving behavior of a segment of the at-risk population and that this modification has led to fewer traffic accidents taking place. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crash rates KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Fatalities KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New Hampshire KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197322 AU - Bonds, J D AU - Ulmer, R G AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYSIS OF THE DRINKING DRIVING ATTITUDES OF NEW HAMPSHIRE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. SECOND SURVEY PY - 1977/06 SP - 114 p. AB - In order to assess the attitudes and knowledge of high school students regarding alcohol use and driving, and to determine if measurable changes have taken place in these, two rounds of surveys were conducted in six high schools in the state. Alcohol usage was reported by 67 percent of the 1976 sample in the week prior to the survey, while 95 percent of the respondents said they had consumed an alcoholic beverage at one time or another. The high school students were more likely than the general population to report having been in situations where someone who had been drinking heavily was about to drive a car. The students also reported somewhat greater willingness to intervene in these situations. Seventy-six percent of the 1976 student sample reported having a driver's license, with 32 percent of those licensed owning their own car. The students indicated less frequent driving than older persons, but much more frequent driving during the nighttime hours. Approximately 31 percent of the male students and 13 percent of the females reported occasional or frequent driving after drinking. The responses of students to some factual and attitudinal items regarding alcohol and driving differed from the responses of older persons. For example, students perceived a greater risk of apprehension for DWI than did older persons. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Automobile ownership KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Human factors KW - New Hampshire KW - Night KW - Schools KW - Statistical analysis KW - Students KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197324 AU - Muir, J M AU - Ulmer, R G AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY PROJECT. VOLUME I - FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/06 SP - 103 p. AB - The present volume is the basic final report document of the New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project. The report contains descriptive and administrative evaluation findings related to the project's operation during the five year period, 1972-1976. In addition, there is a series of separately bound analytic studies which present evaluation findings related to the various activities undertaken by the ASAP. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New Hampshire KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197520 AU - Easterling, M G AU - Phoenix Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OVERALL ASAP PROGRESS, SECTION ONE(PHOENIX, AZ.) PY - 1977/06 SP - 108 p. AB - The report covers the period March, 1971 through December, 1976 and beyond in terms of the initial proposal for funding an alcohol safety action project in Phoenix, the five-year demonstration program that followed, and plans for continuation beyond Federal support. Management and evaluation activities are described. Then, individual components (or countermeasures) of the DWI (driving while under the influence of alcohol) system, together with key performance measures for each, are presented. Conclusions and recommendations of the project director, who was affiliated with the program for over six years, are also included. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Arizona KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Demonstration projects KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Public participation KW - Rehabilitation KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197370 AU - Miles, D M AU - Clay, T R AU - Phoenix Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION ACTIVITY, SECTION TWO, ANALYTIC STUDY VII PY - 1977/06 SP - 191 p. AB - The study describes and evaluates public information and education activities of the Phoenix ASAP. Operational between 1972-1976, the ASAP was one of 35 Federally-funded projects aimed at reducing alcohol-related traffic crashes. PI&E objectives included creating awareness and concern for the drunk driving problem among the general public; generating the support of community groups for ASAP countermeasures; fostering responsible attitudes toward driving after drinking; and persuading persons to intervene in potential DWI situations to prevent the behavior. Evaluation of PI&E activities was accomplished primarily through surveys of the general public and specific target groups. These polls, conducted in person and by telephone, provided information for program planning and were used as a measure of PI&E effectiveness. The report summarizes the methodology and results of eight different survey studies. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Arizona KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Drug abuse KW - Education KW - Effectiveness KW - Mass media KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197480 AU - Clay, T R AU - Nettleton, M J AU - Phoenix Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, SECTION TWO, ANALYTIC STUDY IV(PHOENIX, AZ.) PY - 1977/06 SP - 85 p. AB - The study evaluates the judicial component of the Phoenix ASAP. The report describes the various components of the DWI adjudicatory system, highlighting the quasi-diversionary Pact (Prosecution Alternative to Court Trial) program. The primary evaluative topic is an analysis of judicial system performance related to DWI adjudication. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Arizona KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192214 AU - Lynn, C AU - Spencer, J A AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - AN ANALYSIS OF ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO DETERMINE TOTAL IMPACT OF THE FAIRFAX ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1977/06 SP - 67 p. AB - The Fairfax ASAP, one of 35 federally funded alcohol countermeasure projects designed to attack the problem of drunken drivers on the highways, was implemented at the community level in January 1972. This report summarizes the data obtained to measure the project's impact on the selected ultimate performance indicators at the end of the fifth year of project operations, 1976. Data for 1976 indicate a significant change in trends of several ultimate performance measures in the Fairfax ASAP area. There was a significant decrease in the number of personal injuries, personal injury crashes, fatal injury crashes, and property damage crashes from what would have been predicted by linear regression analysis based upon trends established over the past ten years. These changes are significant at the 95% confidence level. No such change was evident in the control community, Henrico County, in any of the performance categories except property damage crashes. In terms of the cost benefit analysis, the actual societal costs resulting from accidents in Fairfax during the operational period (1972-1976) were lower than the projected costs based on the pre-ASAP trend. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Control groups KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Impact studies KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Personal injury KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191755 AU - Saunders, D N AU - Wyckoff, M AU - Henry, N AU - Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION WITHIN THE FAIRFAX ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, 1976. VOLUME II: THE FAIRFAX SHORT TERM REHABILITATION STUDY PY - 1977/06 SP - 97 p. AB - The report describes the Fairfax County Short Term Rehabilitation (STR) study, and examines the effectiveness of the rehabilitation activities on a selected group of defendants in the Fairfax ASAP program. The study included nearly 600 persons divided nearly equally between preproblem and problem drinkers. Information was collected on many aspects of the defendant's life situations. While a limited number of positive short term and long term benefits of treatments were uncovered, there was a notable lack of consistent result within or across drinker levels or between the six and twelve month interviews. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Benefits KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Interviewing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191736 AU - Saunders, D N AU - Pemberton, L J AU - Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION WITHIN THE FAIRFAX ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, 1976 PY - 1977/06 SP - 102 p. AB - The report contains a narrative description of the Fairfax ASAP diagnosis, referral and rehabilitation systems and provides corresponding descriptive statistics for 1976. Profiles of defendants on the basis of drinker level and blood alcohol content are included on a number of demographic and alcohol related variables. These same variables are also examined on the basis of rehabilitation program completion status. The reliability of diagnostic procedures are examined as well as the consistency of diagnosis within drinker level classifications. The characteristics of defendants who were returned to the court noncompliant are compared to those who complied. The cost efficiency of the diagnostic, referral, probation, follow-up and rehabilitation systems are reviewed with special emphasis on anticipated versus actual cost for these components. The probation system was found more cost efficient in 1976 than it was in 1975 because of higher levels of referrals from the court. The results of a special study are presented that compared the subsequent recidivism and crash involvement for matched groups who attended ASAP were found to have significantly better subsequent driving experience than those who did not attend. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Courts KW - Demographics KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166483 AU - Knoblauch, R L AU - Moore, W J AU - Schmitz, P R AU - Sommer, B J AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR RURAL AND SUBURBAN PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS: ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS--APPENDICES PY - 1977/06 SP - 340 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to collect and analyze data on rural pedestrian accidents and to identify potential countermeasures. Data on a stratified random sample of over 1,500 rural and suburban accidents from six states was collected during interviews and on-site observations. These data included behavioral sequence items, site characteristics items and exposure data items directed at identifying the precipitating and predisposing causal factors in each accident. The data analysis emphasized the development of characteristic accident situations or accident types from groups of behaviorally similar accidents. Although twenty-three accident types were identified, the six most frequently encountered types accounted for over 60% of the sample. Countermeasures intended to apply to each accident type are discussed. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25440/DOT-HS-802-474.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166429 AU - Kaestner, N AU - Kaestner (Noel) AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COLLECTION OF POST-ASAP DATA AND PREPARATION OF ANALYTIC STUDIES FOR THE OREGON ASAP PY - 1977/06 SP - 152 p. AB - The multiple goals of the project include the development of a description of the ASAP (Alcohol Safety Action Project) countermeasure systems in force, the level of continuation, a description of the ASAP community, a description of the objectives of evaluation, and a review of the relevant literature. The second goal involves the outline of the methods and procedures employed including evaluative measures of data sources, age distributions, demogrphic profile data, and key countermeasure performance indices. Also included is a description of the experimental designs and statistical procedures. The primary function is the description of results in four areas: crash measures, BAC distributions, profile comparisons, and relationships between countermeasure performance and impact. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Demographics KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159368 AU - Burns, M AU - Moskowitz, H AU - Southern California Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PSYCHOPHYSICAL TESTS FOR DWI ARREST PY - 1977/06 SP - 126 p. AB - As part of DWI arrest procedures, tests of alcohol impairment may be used by police officers, either at roadside or in the station. Objectives of this study included evaluation of currently-used tests, development of more sensitive and reliable measures, and the standardization of test administration. On the basis of preliminary investigations, six tests were chosen for an evaluation study. Ten officers administered the 6-test battery to 238 participants who were light, moderate and heavy drinkers. Placebo or alcohol treatments produced BACs in the range 0 - .15%. The police officers scored the performance of each test on a 1-10 scale, and on the basis of the entire battery judged whether the person should be arrested or released. KW - Alcoholism KW - Arrests KW - Decision making KW - Deployment KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - Police KW - Psychological tests KW - Psychomotor tests KW - Psychophysical methods KW - Psychophysics KW - Standardization KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159370 AU - Hochberg, Y AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING GENERAL CATEGORICAL DATA WITH MISCLASSIFICATION ERRORS WITH AN APPLICATION IN STUDYING SEAT BELT EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1977/06 SP - 73 p. AB - A methodology for analyzing general categorical data with misclassification errors is developed and applied to the study of seat belt effectiveness. For the study of belt effectiveness, the original sample is drawn from North Carolina accident reports for the first eight months of 1975. Chapter I presents some background material, while Chapter II outlines the mathematical derivation of the proposed methodology. (Details of the statistical methodology are given in Appendix A). In Chapter III, the data to which the methodology is applied in examining safety belt effectiveness is described. Results of the investigation are given in Chapter IV. An examination of the nature and magnitude of misclassification errors in this police-reported belt and injury data is described in Chapter V. A brief discussion of this work along with suggestions for futher research are included in Chapter VI. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Automobiles KW - Classification KW - Crash reports KW - Data analysis KW - Effectiveness KW - Injuries KW - Least squares method KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - North Carolina KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25457/DOT-HS-802-425.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159354 AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPARISON OF ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTED ON-SCENE WITH FOLLOW-ON DATA PY - 1977/06 SP - 160 p. AB - The study was initiated to determine if a technician, collecting data on a follow-on basis, could obtain data of sufficient quality to allow accurate simulation of accident events. A sample of twenty-one cases was investigated on-scene using a multidisciplinary methodology. After a pre-determined delay, these accidents were investigated a second time using a single technician. The follow-on technician attempted to collect the same data elements as the on-scene teams. Comparisons of these efforts are presented. Although general investigation techniques and findings are also presented, primary emphasis is given to those areas which influence accident reconstruction. The latter areas include the number of vehicles examined within each approach, the incidence of partially repaired vehicles, CDC application, determination of vehicle weights, discrepancies between vehicle crush dimensions, and discrepancies between physical evidence measurements. Each of these areas is related to specific CRASH program outputs. KW - Accuracy KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Follow up investigation KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159366 AU - Twigg, D W AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROMETHEUS 2 - A USER ORIENTED PROGRAM FOR HUMAN CRASH DYNAMICS PY - 1977/06 SP - 212 p. AB - The PROMETHEUS 2 computer program is an efficient user oriented crash analysis program with interactive features. It simulates a pedestrian being struck in the side by the front of an automobile with a mathematical model composed of eleven linked rigid segments. A non-linear finite element model of the vehicle structure is incorporated which interacts realistically with the victim. It is also possible to model a passenger inside a vehicle in certain crash environments. Various restraint systems can be simulated, including seat belt, shoulder harness and strap hangers. PROMETHEUS 2 input aids include free field data input and an on-line data edit capability. Output provides user selected time-history and occupant configuration plots as well as abbreviated output lists for a rapid scan of results. The program operates on the CDC 6600 computer in either a batch or interactive mode. A post processor is available which generates hard copy plots (Gerber or Stromberg-Carlson 4020) of PROMETHEUS 2 data. The post processor can also generate 16mm motion pictures of the simulated accident. KW - Automobiles KW - Central processing units KW - Central processing units (Computers) KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamics KW - Finite element method KW - Finite elements KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Kinetics KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion pictures KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Optimization KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Upgrade KW - Upgrades (Roads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159359 AU - Twigg, D W AU - Tocher, J L AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN MODEL PARAMETRIC STUDIES. VOLUME I PY - 1977/06 SP - 48 p. AB - A system of computer programs has been developed to simulate the injuries suffered by a pedestrian struck by an automobile. The system provides a semi-automatic search for safer hood/grille/bumper configurations and stiffnesses. After the software system was developed, a sequence of three major optimizations, interspersed with modeling changes to improve the accuracy of the simulations, was performed. Results from the optimization series were used to help design full-scale impact tests using child and adult dummies. In turn, experimental measurements were used to improve the mathematical model of the impact simulator. The results of these studies have provided some insights into vehicle design parameters which produce safer vehicles. This volume provides a summary overview of the project. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Bumpers KW - Design standards KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Optimization KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159360 AU - Twigg, D W AU - Tocher, J L AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN MODEL PARAMETRIC STUDIES. VOLUME II PY - 1977/06 SP - 122 p. AB - A system of computer programs has been developed to simulate the injuries suffered by a pedestrian struck by an automobile. The system provides a semi-automatic search for safer hood/grille/bumper configurations and stiffnesses. After the software system was developed, a sequence of three major optimizations, interspersed with modeling changes to improve the accuracy of the simulations, was performed. This volume presents a detailed narrative of the project, recommendations, and suggested areas for further study. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Bumpers KW - Design standards KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Optimization KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159365 AU - Southall, R M AU - Twigg, D W AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM USER MANUAL PY - 1977/06 SP - 162 p. AB - The Vehicle Design Optimization System (VDOS) is a group of four computer programs developed to study the effects of vehicle exterior designs on pedestrian fatalities and injuries. The four programs are OPTREG (optimization and regression analysis), PROMETHEUS 2 (accident simulation), ENTRACT (an interface program between OPTREG and PROMETHEUS 2, which converts the parametric hood model utilized by OPTREG to the finite element hood required by PROMETHEUS 2), and PRMPLT (an interface program between PROMETHEUS 2 and OPTREG which combines the detailed accident simulation measurements into a single number called a pedestrian injury index, and also generates Stromberg Carlson 4020 plots of the accident data). This document describes the coordinated use of OPTREG, PROMETHEUS 2, ENTRACT and PRMPLT to study hood design. Usage instructions for ENTRACT and PRMPLT are given, including data preparation instructions and examples of CDC 6600 KRONOS Interactive Timesharing control card sequences for execution of the programs. The relationship between the programs is described and all files used by the system are described in detail. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Optimization KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Regression analysis KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Time sharing KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159391 AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION DATA FILE, EDITING MANUAL AND REFERENCE INFORMATION. VOLUME II. 1976 REFERENCE INFORMATION PY - 1977/06 SP - 171 p. AB - The report documents in two volumes the editing conventions and reference information used in processing Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation reported case vehicles into a time-shared accident data bank. Volume II (Reference Information) is a compilation of reference information (e.g., original steering column angles) available to the data editors. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Automobiles KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Data banks KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Steering KW - Tables (Data) KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159369 AU - Zuieback, J M AU - Hatterick, G R AU - Science Applications, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIGURE EIGHT FORMAT FOR DRIVER COLLISION RESPONSE DATA COLLECTION: FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1977/06 SP - 94 p. AB - The document is the final report for a research study to determine the feasibility of utilizing Figure Eight auto racing as a format to collect real time driver collision response data. The study was designed to develop criteria to select drivers most likely to be involved in meaningful collisions; to determine the frequency of occurrence of meaningful collisions; and to develop potential predictive models. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Deceleration KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Forecasting KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Interviewing KW - Reaction time KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Tolerances physiology KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159371 AU - Dutt, A K AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENT AND CRASH INJURY RATES BY MAKE, MODEL, AND YEAR OF CAR PY - 1977/06 SP - 175 p. AB - Estimates of annual mileages along with accident and injury rates have been computed for various vehicle makes and models. The estimates were derived using the North Carolina vehicle registration file, the North Carolina accident file, and a statewide collection of motor vehicle inspection receipts representing the sample of registered vehicles inspected primarily during the month of October 1974. All accident and injury rates declined for newer models. While the decrease in accident involvement rates was more pronounced for larger cars, injury rates declined for all vehicle sizes. In contrasting accident and injury rates for different vehicle sizes for comparable model years, it was found that the newer model years, full-sized cars had the lowest accident and injury rates. KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Injuries KW - Inspection KW - Mileage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - North Carolina KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Research KW - Service life KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle age UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178507 AU - Cerrelli, E AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ESTIMATING THE SAFETY EFFECTS OF THE 55 M.P.H. NATIONAL SPEED LIMIT PY - 1977/06 SP - 36 p. AB - This paper estimates that approximately 6,000 lives a year have been saved on the national highways since the enactment of the 55 mph speed limit. Regression lines are established for the fatality rate on each of the major highway systems. These linear equations are used to compute the expected values of the fatality rates for 1974 and 1975. The expected number of fatalities on each system are computed by applying these rates to the reported amount of travel. The difference between the expected number of fatalities and the actual number represents the reduction attributed to the speed limit. /SRIS/ KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Regression analysis KW - Speed limits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159310 AU - Heldt, R AU - Burke, H AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ON-BOARD VEHICLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/06 SP - 31 p. AB - Forty three areas were identified in the brake, steering, suspension, tire, lighting and signalling systems where safety or inspection benefits might be obtained through the application of on-board vehicle sensors utilizing either on-board or off-board readout. These areas were screened against a variety of criteria, the most important being their potential for accident reduction as determined in the Indiana Tri-Level Studies in Accident Causation. Eleven areas were judged to warrant detailed evaluation of implementation considerations. These eleven candidate areas were then subjected to further analysis including identification of: currently available hardware, existing techniques for sensor application, conceptual devices where hardware does not now exist, and improvements possible in existing devices. In addition, a cost benefit analysis was performed for each candidate area, utilizing estimates of sensor life-cycle cost and benefit, including both safety and other impacts. These results are preliminary in nature, due to the weakness of the data bases in all important areas. Limited consideration was also given to alternative countermeasures in each area. Four candidate areas are judged to offer the potential of a favorable benefit/cost ratio. These are brake performance, tire tread depth, brake lights and brake friction material. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Checkout equipment KW - Detectors KW - Inspection KW - Light KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Sensors KW - Signal lights KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering gears KW - Suspension (Stability) KW - Suspension systems KW - Tires KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159309 AU - Little, J W AU - Cooper, M AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF TORT LIABILITY ISSUES CONNECTED WITH RELEASE OF ARRESTED, INTOXICATED DWI OFFENDERS PY - 1977/06 SP - 84 p. AB - The authors have studied the legal issues concerning a non-jail option for DWI offenders and they explore the risks such procedures have for enforcement agencies. The report examines the tort liability of such agencies if a released offender crashes an automobile and injures himself or another, while still intoxicated from the original drinking episode. A survey of local jurisdictions is described and extensive case citations are given. Samples of illustrative state statutes are appended. KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Police KW - Tort liability UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25444/DOT-HS-802-409.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159308 AU - Forman, T H AU - Finigian, M AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MANUAL BRAKE INSPECTION PROCEDURES. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/06 SP - 33 p. AB - This program investigated performance and nonperformance brake inspection with the object of replacing the current method for performing these inspections with less expensive ways, more suitable for small garages. The performance part of the program culminated in the construction of a torsion bar dynamometer that can meet all legislated requirements for VIU performance inspections, previously only possible on machines of more costly design. The nonperformance investigation resulted in the identification of recommended nonperformance inspection items. KW - Brakes KW - Costs KW - Dynamometers KW - Inspection KW - Laws KW - Mechanical tests KW - Micrometers KW - Motor vehicles KW - Torque KW - Torquemeters KW - Torsion KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159014 AU - Duda, J AU - Selman, V AU - Derr, K AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM EVALUATION SUPPORT FOR THE MOTOR VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1977/06 SP - 45 p. AB - This document is the final report for a special study of used cars in the diagnostic demonstration project. CSC received and analyzed 1,309 used car owner survey questionnaires voluntarily submitted by new program participants in the first quarter of 1976. It was found that most vehicles (model years 1968-1973) given thorough safety and emissions inspections failed at least one inspection item, and that used cars purchased from dealers tend to have higher numbers of defects when compared to the general automobile population. KW - Alabama KW - Arizona KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Exhaust gases KW - Failure KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Sources KW - Statistics KW - Tennessee KW - Used vehicle industry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159390 AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION DATA FILE, EDITING MANUAL AND REFERENCE INFORMATION. VOLUME I. 1976 EDITING MANUAL PY - 1977/06 SP - 171 p. AB - The report documents in two volumes the editing conventions and reference information used in processing Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation reported case vehicles into a time-shared accident data bank. Volume I (Editing Manual) uses an Annotated Collision Performance and Injury Report Revision 3 and Air Cushion Restraint System (ACRS) Supplement. The text documents the editing procedure and the interpretations of each question (variable) on the CPIR form and its supplements. KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data banks KW - Documents KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Injuries KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159385 AU - Erickson, R A AU - Southall, R AU - Twigg, D W AU - Wong, Y Y AU - Boeing Computer Services Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OPTREG - AN INTERACTIVE COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR OPTIMIZATION AND REGRESSION PY - 1977/06 SP - 141 p. AB - OPTREG is a computer program which provides stepwise multiple regression analysis and optimization of a user defined function by the geometric simplex method. Both optimization and regression are performed interactively. This gives the user visibility and quick response, as well as a high degree of control over the optimization and regression procedures. Because of the fine control over the optimization algorithm which is available, OPTREG is particularly well suited to optimization of a function which is expensive to evaluate. OPTREG is programmed in Fortran IV, and operates on the CDC 6600 under the Kronos Interactive Timesharing (KIT) operating system. This document is the user manual for the OPTREG program. The OPTREG features are described, examples are given, and KIT control card sets performing the various OPTREG options are provided. KW - Cdc 6600 KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Interactive graphics KW - Manuals KW - Optimization KW - Programming manuals KW - Regression analysis KW - Simplex method KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176245 AU - Chi, M AU - Neal, E AU - Tucker, J R AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVISION OF SIMULATION MODEL OF AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS COMPUTER PROGRAM: INVESTIGATION OF NEW INTEGRATION ALGORITHM PY - 1977/05/20 SP - 142 p. AB - SMAC (Simulated Model of Automobile Collisions) is a computerized program which recreates collision events between two automobiles. Its purpose is to provide a data bank from which information on the causes and consequences of these accidents can be drawn and to aid highway planners and the public in general to avoid unnecessary accidents and mitigate the effects of those which are unavoidable. The original SMAC Program was based on a fixed time-step integration method (Runge-Kutta). This report deals with efforts to improve the efficiency of SMAC by incorporating into it the Newmark Beta Variable Time-Step Method. It provides comparisons between baseline runs (using the original SMAC) and runs using the modified SMAC (CHI-SMAC), which contains a unique integration algorithm based on the Newmark Method but specialized to meet the overall requirements of the SMAC Program. Based on preliminary investigation of the new procedure, significant progress has been recorded in reducing computer execution time. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Digital simulation KW - Equations of motion KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Numerical integration KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Subroutines KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175474 AU - Whitcomb, R AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - GUIDE TO MOTOR VEHICLE TITLING AND REGISTRATION TERMINOLOGY PY - 1977/05/18 SP - 97 p. AB - The report lists and gives definitions of terms particularly related to motor vehicle titling and registration. State Motor Vehicle Codes were researched to discover such terms and definitions. This information was then synthesized by term and the variations, as well as the commonality in definitions, set forth in this guide. In most instances, the states having the greatest commonality of definition are listed. KW - Definitions KW - Dictionaries KW - Laws KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle laws & regulations KW - Motor vehicle licensing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Registrations KW - Similitude KW - States KW - Variables KW - Variations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175966 AU - Shinar, D AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVER VISUAL LIMITATIONS DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PY - 1977/05/06 SP - 307 p. AB - The primary objectives of the study were to (1) review the role of vision in driving, (2) evaluate the reliability and validity of the Mark II - a prototype battery of eight driving-related vision tests, and (3) evaluate the relationship between poor performance on the Mark II and clinically diagnosed visual impairments. A total of 890 subjects were tested on the Mark II. The results suggested the most reliable tests are the tests for static acuity (under conditions of glare, normal illumination, and reduced illumination), dynamic visual acuity, and detection-acquisition-interpretation (a measure of visual search efficiency). Tests considered less reliable and in need of modifications were those designed to measure threshold for angular movement and movement in-depth, and angular extent of the visual field in the horizontal axis. Regression analyses using accident rate or frequency as criterion variables indicated that - depending on the age group - the multiple correlation between performance on the vision test battery and the criterion variable varied from .12 to .31. The relative contribution of the individual tests to the prediction of accident involvement varied as a function of the age group, the criterion variable and the light condition (day vs. night). (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Age KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash rates KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagrams KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Field of vision KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance tests KW - Reliability KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Triangles KW - Triangular diagram KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual acuity KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167356 AU - Dreyer, D AU - JANKE, M AU - California Department of Motor Vehicles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF RANGE VERSUS NON-RANGE DRIVER TRAINING ON THE ACCIDENT AND CONVICTION FREQUENCIES OF YOUNG DRIVERS PY - 1977/05 SP - 58 p. AB - The sample consisted of 2,057 high school students from five California high schools who were assigned randomly either to a traditional driver training program or to an experimental program utilizing a driving range. Aspects of their performance during driver training were measured, as well as performance on tests required for driver licensing and the number of days between training and licensing. In addition, Department of Motor Vehicles files supplied information on their accident and conviction records within the year following the beginning of driver training. Results showed that nonrange students performed significantly better on the following training variables: knowledge posttest, simulator score, and driver course grade. There were no significant differences between range and nonrange students on driver licensing test scores or in the amount of time spent in becoming licensed. However, range students had fewer total accidents than nonrange students in the year following the beginning of training. KW - California KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance tests KW - Project management KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Statistical analysis KW - Students KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166488 AU - Duda, J L AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM EVALUATION SUPPORT FOR THE MOTOR VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS. VOLUME III: FINAL EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 445 p. AB - The report presents the final assessment of each of the evaluation areas defined in Title III of the Motorist Information and Cost Savings Act (PL 92-513). The areas included: costs and benefits of the demonstration projects, capability of the repair industry to diagnose and repair, vehicle-in-use standards and feasible reject levels, efficiency of facility designs, standardization of diagnostic systems and test equipment, interchangeability and interface capability of equipment and vehicles, and vehicle designs which facilitate or hinder inspection and repair. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Project management KW - Standards KW - States KW - Test equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197618 AU - Romslo, F AU - Ives, K AU - Lowery, F AU - Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - JUDICIAL DISPOSITION OF ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC ARRESTS. ANALYTIC STUDY 4 PY - 1977/05 SP - 37 p. AB - The study summarizes the disposition of DWI arrests in Hennepin County, Minnesota, from 1971 through 1976. Trends in proportions of differing disposition are noted and related to factors such as blood alcohol concentration. Court 'backlog' or time between arrest and case disposition is tabulated, as is the utilization of pre-sentence investigations. Fines assessed and workhouse sentences are also presented. KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197613 AU - Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY 1: ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES PY - 1977/05 SP - 50 p. AB - The study analyzes fatal traffic crash data for Hennepin County, Minnesota and comparison areas. Emphasis is placed on alcohol involvement of fatally injured drivers between 1969 and 1976. Findings indicate that the proportion of fatally injured drivers in Hennepin County with illegal (> or = .10) blood alcohol concentrations declined from approximately 55% during 1970 and 1971 to less than 40% in 1975 and 1976. Corresponding percentages for neighboring counties went from 44% to 55% while the balance of the state remained constant over time near 50%. KW - Law enforcement KW - Minnesota KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197614 AU - Rosen, S D AU - Mattson, LRT AU - Romslo, F AU - Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY 7: PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION PY - 1977/05 SP - 52 p. AB - The study summarizes findings of Household and Telephone Surveys conducted for the Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project between 1971 and 1976. Methodology, demographic characteristics, findings, and changes over time are reported. The sample size of each study was approximately 500 respondents. Findings suggest that public information efforts influence knowledge and opinions of the public, but that the public is relatively unknowledgable as to how quantity and timing of drinking affect ability to drive. KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Mass media KW - Minnesota KW - Motor vehicle drivers KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Sociometrics KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158980 AU - GREEN, J A AU - Barhydt, W H AU - Compton, M J AU - MARSH, J C AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION DATA FILE. ENCODING AND TRANSCRIPTION OF NEW VARIABLES PY - 1977/05 SP - 56 p. AB - Since 1969, the Highway Safety Research Institute at the University of Michigan has developed and maintained a computerized data set of all Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation (MDAI) reports. The main objective of the study was to improve the computerized information on fatal crashes in the MDAI data sets in two ways: (1) all fatal crashes were coded on a special form and a 'Fatal Factors File' or FFF data set was constructed from these forms, and (2) AIS coding for fatally injured occupants was redone to reflect the AIS76 modification to the injury scaling. KW - Casualties KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programming KW - Crash investigation KW - Data files KW - Information retrieval KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159017 AU - Beddow, B AU - Mennella, L AU - McGurrin, J AU - Miller, C AU - PEIZER, J AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE SELECTION MATRIX. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 287 p. AB - The Vehicle Selection Matrix was created as an aid in the selection of motor vehicles for Compliance Test Programs. In the accomplishment of this task, a Vehicle Compliance related data base has been established, as well as a generalized Vehicle/Test Selection Matrix Report which yields flexibility and specificity to the research utilization of the data. The system attempts to predict which vehicles are most likely to be in noncompliance given a specific Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158985 AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFE DRIVING KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND TESTING TECHNIQUES PY - 1977/05 SP - 371p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158976 AU - Beddow, B AU - Mennella, L AU - McGurrin, J AU - Miller, C AU - PEIZER, J AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE SELECTION. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 26 p. AB - The Vehicle Selection Matrix was created as an aid in the selection of motor vehicles for compliance test programs. In the accomplishment of this task, a vehicle compliance related data base has been established, as well as a generalized Vehicle/Test Selection Matrix Report which yields flexibility and specificity to the research utilization of the data. The system attempts to predict which vehicles are most likely to be in noncompliance given a specific Federal motor vehicle safety standard. It is the objective of the Office of Standards Enforcement, NHTSA, to test those vehicles considered to be candidates for noncompliance or about which there is inadequate compliance information. KW - Forecasting KW - Information systems KW - Law enforcement KW - Mechanical tests KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Safety KW - Selection KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158966 AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FMVSS 214: SIDE DOOR STRENGTH PY - 1977/05 SP - 91 p. AB - The report covers the final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of FMVSS 214 (Side Door Strength). The plan for the evaluation study considers measurability criteria, alternative statistical techniques, and data availability/collectability. Effects of side door beams were most discernible only in relatively low speed, angle collisions where the corner of the striking bumper impacts near the center of a door. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Doors KW - Evaluation KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Standards KW - Statistical analysis KW - Strength of materials KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158967 AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FMVSS 208: OCCUPANT CRASH PROTECTION PY - 1977/05 SP - 73 p. AB - The report covers the final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of FMVSS 208 (Occupant Crash Protection). The plan for the evaluation study considers measurability criteria, alternative statistical techniques, and data availability/collectability. The Standard presents manufacturers with three options for compliance: (1) a totally passive system which works in several specified crash conditions; (2) a passive system which provides front seat occupant protection in frontal crashes; or (3) an integral lap/shoulder belt system. The ultimate objective of the Standard is to reduce the numbers and severity of injuries in automobile accidents. Most manufacturers presently satisfy the Standard with lap/shoulder belts, although a program is underway which will result in about 440,000 air bags and 60,000 passive belts being installed in 1978-1981 model year cars. KW - Evaluation KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Standards KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158965 AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FMVSS 215: EXTERIOR PROTECTION PY - 1977/05 SP - 74 p. AB - The report covers the final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of FMVSS 215 (Exterior Protection). The plan for the evaluation study considers measurability criteria, alternative statistical techniques, and data availability/collectability. The Standard applies to front and rear bumpers, and is designed for effectiveness at low speeds (up to 5 mph). KW - Automobile bodies KW - Bumpers KW - Evaluation KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reviews KW - Safety engineering KW - Standards KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197413 AU - Reis, REJ AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF PIE EFFORTS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRMAN ORIENTATION AT MACDILL AFB. TAMPA ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 7 PY - 1977/05 SP - 78 p. AB - This report provides a detailed evaluation of an ASAP briefing which was included in the on-going Airman's Orientation Program for military personnel newly assigned to MacDill Air Force Base. ASAP briefing sessions were conducted from May 31, 1976 through December of 1976, and represent a major component of the ASAP's Public Information and Education (PIE) efforts during the final year of operations. Questionnaires were sent to all Airmen attending the Orientation Program between 5/31/76 and 6/28/76 (experimental group) and to all Airmen attending between 4/29/76 and 5/24/76, prior to the inclusion of ASAP materials (control group). The questionnaires were mailed six months after the dates of attendance. Profile comparisons indicated that both experimental and control group subjects had similar personal/demographic characteristics. The questionnaires assessed changes in knowledge and behavior resulting from the ASAP briefing, and attitudes toward life on MacDill AFB and the Orientation Program in general. Of the 197 questionnaires sent out, 52% were returned (54 experimentals and 49 controls). All 197 subjects were tracked for six months subsequent to the Orientation Program, and DWI arrest rates were estimated for each group. Analysis of questionnaire responses provided no evidence that the ASAP briefing resulted in an increase in the participants' knowledge of drinking and DWI laws. Reported drinking-driving behaviors were used to identify targets for future PIE efforts. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Flight crews KW - Military facilities KW - Military personnel KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Profiles KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169275 AU - Alderson, S W AU - Goldner, S J AU - Humanoid Systems AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AZOBIS-BLOWN FOAMS FOR MOLDING PART 572 DUMMY FLESH COMPONENTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 46 p. AB - This report describes work undertaken to develop and evaluate molding techniques for azobis-blown foams to replace nitrosan-blown foams in molding Part 572 dummy flesh components. The work was intended to minimize changes in vinyl foam-formulations employing Nitrosan as a foaming agent and to establish molding techniques adaptable to production facilities of dummy manufacturers. A data base was established for Nitrosan-blown foams and physical tests performed to establish equivalence between Azobis and Nitrosan-blown foams. Full sets of dummy segments were molded with the Azobis-blown foams and subjected to additional tests to determine that they corresponded reasonably with Nitrosan-blown foams. Azobis-blown dummy segments were produced which proved to be comparable to Nitrosan-blown foam samples. It was found that only minor variations in formulations were required for the substitute material, and only minor variations in molding techniques were necessary. KW - Anatomical models KW - Blowing agents KW - Cells (Biology) KW - Density KW - Density mass/volume KW - Foaming agents KW - Forming KW - Nitrogen compounds KW - Nitrogen organic compounds KW - Organic compounds KW - Physical properties KW - Plastics KW - Substitution KW - Tests KW - Tissues biology KW - Vinyl resins UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376709 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - REPORT--NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION SAFETY RESEARCH LABORATORY FACILITIES STUDY PY - 1977/05 SP - 82 p. AB - In 1975 the Secretary of Transportation requested the Assistant Secretary for Administration and the Assistant Secretary for Systems Development and Technology jointly to undertake a study of the DOT Research Development Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) field centers. The RDT&E field centers reviewed by the Study Team included: (1) The Safety Research Laboratory (SRL) of NHTSA, located in Riverdale, Maryland, and (2) the medical research functions of the Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) of FAA, located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The interrelations of these facilities are the subject of this study. The recommendations that conclude the report are: (A) Relocate all of SRL to the Ohio State Transportation Research Center, maximize use of equipment, skills and shared activities with the Engineering Test Center; and (B) NHTSA should continue existing and planned use of CAMI medical research services through the proposed TBRI or as at present. KW - Development KW - Evaluation KW - Government agencies KW - Laboratories KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Test facilities KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313239 AU - Clark, S G AU - Mangus, K A AU - Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - AN ANALYSIS OF ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) PATROL ACTIVITY. ANALYTIC STUDY 3 PY - 1977/05 SP - 52 p. AB - The study describes and analyzes the enforcement countermeasure of the Fairfax, VA. ASAP. ASAP patrols, discontinued in 1976, were evaluated. Each year a larger proportion of arrests have been made by regular patrols. Few differences were found to exist between the two patrol types in the time of arrests or in characteristics of those arrested. Working ASAP patrol apparently did not influence officers to make more DWI arrests while on regular patrol. Attendance at an ASAP orientation appeared to be influential in increasing arrests. ASAP patrols were less cost effective than 1975, continuing the trend since 1972. The increased cost per arrest was related to increased manhours per arrest. The characteristics of those arrested have been stable from year to year. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway transportation KW - Law enforcement KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Statistics KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197497 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 6. FINAL ANALYSIS OF REHABILITATION 1972 THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 69 p. AB - This analytic study is one of six final evaluation reports covering the period of program planning (1971) and the initial three years (1972-1974) of operation of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP). Collectively, these six reports contain in-depth descriptions of each of the countermeasurers of ASAP. Administrative and scientific evaluations of their effectiveness are also documented. The major areas for each of the six analytic studies are the following: enforcement, judicial, presentence, investigation, rehabilitation, public information and education and overall impact of the SAP project. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197728 AU - Romslo, F AU - Lowery, F AU - Ives, K AU - Hennepin County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 3: AN ANALYSIS OF ASAP PATROL ACTIVITY AND ENFORCEMENT PY - 1977/05 SP - 41 p. AB - The study summarizes driving while intoxicated arrests in Hennepin County, Minnesota from 1971 through 1976. Emphasis is placed on ASAP overtime patrol activity and on comparing 1976 with prior periods. Arrests are displayed by blood alcohol concentration, time of day, day of week, age, and other characteristics. Productivity and direct costs of ASAP overtime patrols are also presented. KW - Age KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Costs KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Minnesota KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88836 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197666 AU - Blount, W R AU - Westra, D P AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT ANALYSIS (1976): INCLUDING A REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF PORTABLE BREATH TEST DEVICES ON DETECTION/APPREHENSION OF DRINKING DRIVERS. TAMPA ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 3 PY - 1977/05 SP - 39 p. AB - The study was concerned with the performance of the selective enforcement unit funded by the Tampa ASAP. The report contains three sections: Section I providing a detailed description of the selective enforcement countermeasures and arrest procedures; Section II summarizing the performance and efficiency of the selective enforcement squads with comparisons to regular patrols; and Section III presenting the results of a special pre-arrest breath test study. A significant increase in alcohol related arrests was noted immediately after the initiation of the 21 additional selective enforcement officers. The arrest rate remained high throughout the life of the project, although a general reduction in the number of arrests was seen in the last project year. The one year experiment comparing non-ASAP officers with a portable breath testing device (PABT) available to them and non-ASAP officers without a PABT device available to them indicated a significant increase in alcohol related arrests for officers with the device. Neither the experimental nor the control officers were aware of their participation in the study. Further, the six months between officer selection and the actual issue of the PABT's showed nonsignificant differences in the alcohol related arrest rate for the two groups. No significant change in arrested driver BAC was found. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Equipment tests KW - Florida KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197708 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 3. FINAL ANALYSIS OF ENFORCEMENT, 1972 THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 59 p. AB - The Enforcement Countermeasure Activity Area consisted of two countermeasures: Enforcement of Training-classroom instruction for selected offers of the San Antonio Police Department in the severity of drinking-driver problems and in effective enforcement procedures; and Selective Enforcement-enforcement of high risk areas during all nights of the week by the trained officers of the San Antonio Police Department working on an overtime basis. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Police KW - Specialized training KW - Texas KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197713 AU - Byrd, R AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REHABILITATION SYSTEM. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER SIX. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) PY - 1977/05 SP - 40 p. AB - The Utah ASAP funded activitis in several components of the drinking driver system. One such countermeasure was in the area of background investigation and education. Individuals convicted of DUI could be referred by the appropriate court for an evaluation and 'treatment' recommendations. These recommendations were made by the probation agency based upon the individual's apparent drinking problem. The purpose of the study is to analyze the groups of drinkers evaluated during the project, to determine a profile of repeat offenders who received background investigations, and to determine whether ASAP efforts aimed at changing the drinking-driving behavior of individuals convicted of DUI during the project has a lasting effect on these individuals. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Convictions KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Crash investigation KW - Crimes KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Studies KW - Traffic conviction KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197715 AU - Miner, M H AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DISULFIRAM AND COURT SCHOOLPROGRAMS PY - 1977/05 SP - 70 p. AB - The study dealt with the disulfiram program at the San Gabriel Valley Alcohol Rehabilitation Clinic (ARC) and the Level II Court School program at the Twin Palms Recovery Center. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the treatment program at the ARC. Effectiveness of the program was measured in two ways: pre/post-treatment questionnaires and driving records. The questionnaires gave two measures of effectiveness: social adjustment and consumption of alcohol. Information gained from subjects' driving records allowed for a comparison of recidivism rates. KW - Alcoholism KW - California KW - Consumption KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Financing KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Resoruce allocation KW - Resource allocation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197650 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Mason, R L AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 3. ANALYSIS OF SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT, 1975-1976 PY - 1977/05 SP - 25 p. AB - Enforcement countermeasure activities during the 2-year continuation period of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project included the design and conduct of a number of patrol strategies aimed at determining the most effective methods of conducting ASAP selective enforcement. Included in the strategies evaluated were city evaluation area patrols, weekend expressway patrols, saturation expressway patrols and the use of citizen band radios in selective enforcement patrol vehicles. A description and analysis of these activities is contained in this document, along with a summary of enforcement countermeasure findings during the initial three years of the program. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Citizen band radio KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - Evacuation KW - Evaluation KW - Expressways KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police patrol KW - Project management KW - Radio receivers KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197424 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Cooper, E J AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 4. ANALYSIS OF ADJUDICATION (1975-1976) PY - 1977/05 SP - 20 p. AB - Adjudication activities during the 2-year continuation period of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project involved the processing of DWI cases by the Bexar County District Attorney and County Courts-At-Law. This document contains a summary of adjudication activities during the initial 3 years of operation, a description and analysis of activities during the continuation period, and conclusions and recommendations for locally funded ASAP's based on the 5-year San Antonio experience. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Legal factors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197426 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Cooper, E J AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 7. ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION (1975-1976) PY - 1977/05 SP - 25 p. AB - Public information and education (PIE) efforts during the 2-year continuation period of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project encompassed both the use of previously developed methodologies and the implementation of new materials and approaches to increase public awareness of drinking-driving problems. This document contains a summary of PIE findings during the initial 3 years of operation, a description and analysis of activities during the continuation period, and conclusions and recommendations of those PIE activities which, based upon the 5-year San Antonio experience, could be most useful and transferable to locally funded ASAPs. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Awareness KW - Driver training KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197517 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 5, FINAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL 1972 THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 34 p. AB - The report discusses the activities undertaken by the project from 1972 through 1974 in two major countermeasure areas: (1) Presentence investigation - categorization of referrals; and (2) Presentence investigation control - Intensive individual psychosocial examinations of a selected sample of defendents found guilty of "driving while intoxicated". KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Project management KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychological tests KW - Rehabilitation KW - Testing KW - Texas KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197540 AU - Burch, H E AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LOS ANGELES COUNTY ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, 1976 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 69 p. AB - This is the final Annual Report of the Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project. It reviews the major goals and objectives set by the Project, and then summarizes its accomplishments during the operational years of 1972 through 1975. The report concentrates on the post operational year of 1976 to ascertain if: (1) The primary goal of the project was achieved - a reducing of deaths and accidents due to drinking and driving; (2) The separate objectives of the individual countermeasure were achieved; and (3) The programs initiated by ASAP were able to continue and expand operations after ASAP funding ceased. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - California KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197457 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. PROJECT DIRECTOR'S REPORT (1972-74) PY - 1977/05 SP - 31 p. AB - The document describes the activities undertaken by the San Antonio Safety Action Program during the years 1972 through 1974 and the principal results and findings of the efforts in the major countermeasure areas. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Public participation KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197425 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Feldstone, C S AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 5-6. ANALYSIS OF PDE AND REHABILITATION (1975-1976) PY - 1977/05 SP - 38 p. AB - Problem Drinker Evaluation (PDE) and Rehabilitation activities during the 2-year continuation period involved classification of DWI offenders according to the seriousness of their drinking problem, followed by referral to an ASAP treatment modailty or experimental control group. This document contains a summary of PDE and rehabilitation activities during the initial 3 years of operation, a description and analysis of activities during the continuation period, and conclusions and recommendations for locally-funded ASAP's based on the 5-year San Antonio experience. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197347 AU - Reis, REJ AU - Westra, D P AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS, 1976. TAMPA ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 5/6 PY - 1977/05 SP - 143 p. AB - The performance of the Tampa ASAP rehabilitation subsystem was examined. A detailed description of Tampa's judicial/rehabilitation system structure was provided. Descriptions of procedures related to the Short Term Rehabilitation (STR) program, and descriptions of the treatment modalities used by ASAP were presented. Normal referral to a treatment modality was interrupted in 1975 and 1976 when a research design randomly assigning clients to treatment and control conditions was put into effect. Social drinkers were assigned to either DWI school or a minimum exposure read only 'control' group. Problem drinkers were assigned to group therapy plus school, school only, or read only treatment on an equal probability basis. Extensive profile comparisons on a number of variables failed to show any substantial assignment biases. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Florida KW - Group therapy KW - Prevention KW - Psychotherapy KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Therapy KW - Traffic safety education KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197320 AU - Ulmer, R G AU - Jacobs, H H AU - New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION COUNTERMEASURE OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1977/05 SP - 111 p. AB - During the period from 1972 to 1976 the New Hampshire Alcohol Safety Action Project conducted a public information and education countermeasure with the objectives of increasing the general public's knowledge of the traffic safety hazard posed by drunken driving; increasing the knowledge of persons in control of their drinking, and those in contact with problem drinkers, regarding factual aspects of drinking and driving; acquainting the public with the ASAP program and winning support for its efforts; creating a deterrent effect in conjunction with enforcement efforts; and encouraging personal intervention in potential drunk driving situations. During the five years of operation the campaign established and maintained a high level of activity. Included were more than 22,000 radio PSA placements, nearly 3,000 newspaper items, the distribution of several hundred thousand items of handout material, and 572 speaker's bureau appearances before an audience of some 42,500 persons. Evaluation of the countermeasure, based on a series of household and telephone surveys, shows a number of changes in public knowledge and attitudes concerning alcohol impaired driving. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Hazards KW - Households KW - Information dissemination KW - Mass media KW - New Hampshire KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Rollers KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88547 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197428 AU - Glauz, W D AU - Kansas City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - KANSAS CITY ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT). SECTION I. ANALYTIC STUDY 4. IMPACT ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM PY - 1977/05 SP - 74 p. AB - The study deals with prosecution, adjudication, and punitive sentencing activities pertaining to alleged violations of drinking/driving laws in Kansas City, Missouri. The initiation of ASAP more than doubled the arrest rate, but the system accommodated to this demand in about one year. It was more difficult for the system to adapt to a new, tougher law in late 1975. Overall, the system worked because of liberal use of plea bargaining, institution of a unique record search and screening process, and teamwork among the parties involved. The system became self supporting in that by the fifth year the fines would not only pay for all of the traffic safety system, but nearly all of the Kansas City ASAP. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Missouri KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197515 AU - Westra, D P AU - Reis, REJ AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT, 1976. TAMPA ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 1 PY - 1977/05 SP - 150 p. AB - The report assesses the impact of Tampa Alcohol Safety Action Project's countermeasure activities on drinking-driving behavior and alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents. The study concludes there was a significant decline in the proportions of drunk drivers on the road but no noticeable effect on alcohol related accidents. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Appropriations KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Florida KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197516 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 4, FINAL ANALYSIS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM 1972 THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 35 p. AB - The report evaluates the three year operation period of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project. The study assesses the judical system (prosecution and court services) and the project's impact on the overall traffic safety system. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Texas KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197423 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Langland, K F AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, TECHNICAL SUMMARY (1971-1976) PY - 1977/05 SP - 28 p. AB - The document summarizes the activities undertaken by the San Antonio Safety Action Program during the years 1972 through 1976 and the principal results and findings of the efforts in the major countermeasure areas. A more detailed treatment of activities and results in each countermeasure area is contained in the analytic studies referenced for each section of the report. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197427 AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Langland, K F AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. PROJECT DIRECTOR'S REPORT (1975-1976) PY - 1977/05 SP - 70 p. AB - The San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project was a NHTSA-funded program instituted and operated with the objective, 'Through close coordination of all countermeasure activities, to seek the most effective, practical, and economical countermeasures to achieve a substantial reduction in the number and severity of traffic accidents caused by drinking drivers, which may be established as a permanent traffic safety program for the City of San Antonio.' The project was initially funded for 3 years, 1972-1974, with a 2-year continuation period subsequently extending the project through 1976. This document contains a summary of ASAP activities and findings with emphasis on continuation period efforts. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Mass media KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197496 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Mason, R I AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 1-2: ANALYSIS OF OVERALL PROJECT IMPACT 1975-1976 PY - 1977/05 SP - 27 p. AB - Overall project activities during the 2-year continuation period of the San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project included the design and conduct of a number of selective patrol strategies, support and improvement of the DWI adjudication system, the design and conduct of experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of various rehabilitation modalities, and further experimentation in public information and education. A description of these activities and an evaluation of the overall impact of ASAP efforts in San Antonio and Bexar County are presented in this document. The Overall Project Impact Abstract at the beginning of this report summarizes the major findings of the program during the 1975-1976 continuation period. Section I presents the evaluation objectives and research questions which formed the basis for the research conducted during the continuation period, with findings of the initial 3 years and highlights of the continuation period contained in Section II. Results of the Evaluation, Section III, summarizes the statistical and administrative evaluation of the program and provides information on accident trends, alcohol involvement, compounding factors, and the self-sustaining DWI control system resulting from the 5-year ASAP effort. Section IV, Conclusions and Recommendations, presents an overall summary of the findings of the evaluation and identifies those findings which could be of greatest benefit to the initiation and operation of locally-funded ASAP's. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Impacts KW - Law enforcement KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197550 AU - Byrd, R AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ROADSIDE SURVEY. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1977/05 SP - 35 p. AB - A random sample of 800 drivers in the Wasatch Front area was taken on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays during May and June of 1975, from 7:00 PM through 3:00 AM. This sample was compared to three previous samples (1972, 1973, and 1974) and was found to be similar in terms of demographic characteristics. It was found that age, sex, time of evening, trip origin, knowledge about drinking capacity, and knowledge of the legal BAC are related to measured BAC levels of the sampled drivers. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Roadside KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197492 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 7, FINAL ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION 1972 THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 31 p. AB - The study focuses attention on the hazards of the drinking-driver through three countermeasure activities: Mass Media Campaign--a multifaceted campaign using television, radio, and newspapers; Citizen Involvement Campaign--a person-to-person campaign using speaking engagements, distribution of fliers, posters and pamphlets, contacts with military and industrial groups, and breathalyzer displays in a mobile unit; and Driver and Traffic Safety Enrichment Campaign--a youth oriented campaign directed to students, teachers, and administrators. KW - Adolescents KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Project management KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197529 AU - Langland, K F AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Dreyer, C B AU - San Antonio Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 1-2. FINAL ANALYSIS OF OVERALL PROJECT IMPACT 1972-THROUGH 1974 PY - 1977/05 SP - 50 p. AB - The Project Administration consisted of two major elements: Project Management--coordination of all countermeasure activities: and Project Evaluation--analysis of the effectiveness of the countermeasures and the overal project impact. During the ASAP period, the project operated in an environment which was unique to San Antonio and which underwent rather extensive change. Six significant factors, influenced the impact that ASAP had on traffic safety in San Antonio. While no qualitative analyses were made to determine the extent to which the five unfavorable factors adversely affected accident patterns in San Antonio, the Project Evaluator concluded that they could have outweighed the positive effect of ASAP. Even with analysis of the trends on the basis of per 100,000 licensed drivers, there were increases in fatal and injury accidents. Three other scientific analyses also failed to indicate high degrees of success for ASAP. However, these analyses did provide indications of progress attribuitable to ASAP. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Effectiveness KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197536 AU - Byrd, R AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROJECT IMPACT ON ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER ONE. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) PY - 1977/05 SP - 47 p. AB - The Utah ASAP significantly reduced the number of injury crashes occurring during high incidence time periods. It is found that alcohol related fatal crashes decreases at the end of ASAP operation; this is probably due to decreased reporting emphasis. No other categories of crashes changed due to ASAP operation. DUI arrests and convictions have significantly decreased in the ASAP area since the end of ASAP operation, and are presently at pre-project levels. The energy crisis, 55 mile per hour speed limit, etc., significantly reduced fatal and injury crashes in the ASAP area during ASAP operation. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crash injury research KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192233 AU - Lynn, C AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - DRINKING-DRIVING ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST FOUR TELEPHONE SURVEYS OF THE FAIRFAX ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1977/05 SP - 66 p. AB - Four telephone surveys were conducted for the Fairfax ASAP in June and December of 1975 and 1976. During each, 500 ASAP area residents randomly selected from the Northern Virginia phone book were called and were interviewed using standard questionnaires. Differences between survey results were examined through the analysis of individual items and through the construction of five composite scales. The factors assessed by these scales included alcohol experience, alcohol related behavior, alcohol knowledge, alcohol awareness, and attitudes toward bystander intervention. The four samples were similar demographically except for an increase in the representation of single, student age respondents available to be interviewed in the June surveys. There were relatively few differences between responses to the June and December 1976 surveys. The most recent responses were different in some cases from those encountered in the 1975 telephone surveys and in the 1974 household survey. There was significantly less self-reported drinking and driving by respondents in 1976 than in 1974. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohols KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway transportation KW - Information processing KW - Knowledge KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37692/77-R52.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192219 AU - Lynn, C AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - TRENDS IN PUBLIC INFORMATION WITHIN THE FAIRFAX ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, 1976 PY - 1977/05 SP - 47 p. AB - To assess current trends in the effectiveness of the public information and education countermeasure of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project, two pieces of survey type research are conducted on a periodic basis. The roadside survey has been conducted annually since 1971, the year before the Fairfax ASAP became operational. The telephone survey, which replaced the yearly household survey, has been conducted on a semiannual basis, with four surveys having been completed. The report summarizes the findings of the roadside and telephone surveys as they pertain to the public information and education countermeasure. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Data collection KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Mass communication KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36300/36336/77-R54.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166447 AU - Johnston, D E AU - Hofmann, L G AU - Myers, T T AU - Szostak, H T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLES-IN-USE SUB-LIMIT MANEUVERS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 172 p. AB - Automobile sub-limit performance maneuvers and measures were developed for investigating the influence of vehicles-in-use steering, suspension, and brake system degradation and tire factors on vehicle handling. The maneuvers and performance measures are directed at vehicle static and dynamic stability characteristics, vehicle controllability, driver workload, and vehicle path stability under unbalanced force or moment disturbance inputs. The NHTSA automobile simulation was modified to incorporate various steering and suspension degradations and was employed to guide selection of maneuver and component degradation levels for full-scale vehicle testing. Over 1800 full-scale test runs were made with three passenger automobiles in assessing maneuver procedures and component degradation influences. Tests run with the Variable Steering Servo automobile are the first known direct measurements of steering, suspension, and tire degradation influences on vehicle open-loop dynamic characteristics and on driver/vehicle closed-loop interactions. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Land use KW - Maneuverability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Suspension systems KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159367 AU - Khadilkar, A AU - NICHOLS, R AU - Schwarz, R AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 298 p. AB - Three areas relating to motorcycle safety were investigated control cable strength and reliability, cornering clearances, and fuel system integrity. Surveys, analytical studies, and test programs were conducted to support the development of realistic performance specifications and their implementation as standards, test procedures, and design practices. KW - Brakes KW - Control KW - Deformation KW - Fuel systems KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance based specifications KW - Reliability KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159339 AU - Khadilkar, A AU - NICHOLS, R AU - Schwarz, R AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1977/05 SP - 144 p. AB - Three areas relating to motorcycle safety were investigated control cable strength and reliability, cornering clearances, and fuel system integrity. Surveys, analytical studies, and test programs were conducted to support the development of realistic performance specifications and their implementation as standards, test procedures, and design practices. KW - Control KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fuel systems KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance based specifications KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Steering KW - Surveys KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159303 AU - Biss, D J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF SOME RESPONSES OF AN OUT-OF-POSITION DRIVER IN AN ACRS-EQUIPPED OLDSMOBILE DURING CRASH INDUCED BAG DEPLOYMENT PY - 1977/05 SP - 69 p. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the undesirable side effects of inflating a driver air bag system against a forward positioned occupant. The study was at least suggested by an accident which occurred in February 1976 in Memphis, Tennessee, in which the driver of an ACRS-equipped Oldsmobile died as the car struck a utility pole at a speed below the 30 mph design speed of the system. A series of curb rideover tests and a pole impact test were conducted to consider the general problem of occupants positioned forward against inflating air bags and specifically to note any similarities with the Memphis accident. Conclusions from the tests were: that the GM ACRS steering column has a tendency to stroke further for a given crash pulse when the driver is positioned against the wheel; and, the assault to the larynx cause of death hypothesis of the MDAI team could neither be supported or refuted by analyzing the test data. Recommendations are given for reducing the weight of the air bag cover to reduce the undemonstrated possibility of bag-induced injuries to the head/neck area. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Bags KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable devices KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Occupant restraint KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159315 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERIODIC MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION; A BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/05 SP - 191 p. AB - Representative of literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, this bibliography is concerned with inspection of motor vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Automobiles KW - Bibliographies KW - Highway safety KW - Inspection KW - Insurance KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Repair shops KW - Requirement KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - States KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159304 AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRASH TESTING OF EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES. VOLUME I. BRITISH LEYLAND MARINA SAFETY RESEARCH VEHICLE PY - 1977/05 SP - 189 p. AB - Results from two crash tests of Phase I Marina Safety Research Vehicles (SRV) developed by British Leyland Motor Corporation are presented. The tests were a central head-on collision of a Marina SRV with an AMF experimental safety vehicle at a closing speed of 60 MPH, and a 90-degree side impact of another Marina SRV by a modified production Marina automobile at a speed of 30 MPH. The objective of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the Marina SRVs from the vehicle and dummy occupant responses measured in the crashes. It is concluded that the crashworthiness performance of the structural and occupant protection systems incorporated in the vehicle design was adequate for the impact conditions selected for the safety evaluation. Volume II of the final report similarly contains results from crash tests conducted to evaluate the safety performance of the French Renault Basic Research Vehicle. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Dummies KW - Frontal crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural design KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159305 AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRASH TESTING OF EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES. VOLUME II. RENAULT BASIC RESEARCH VEHICLE PY - 1977/05 SP - 175 p. AB - Results from two crash tests of the Renault Basic Research Vehicle (BRV) are presented. The tests were a left front oblique impact with a rigid 30-degree angled barrier at a speed of 42.5 MPH, and a 75-degree right side impact of the same BRV by the front of a production Renault R-12 automobile at a speed of 31.3 MPH. The objective of the tests was to evaluate the safety performance of the Renault BRV from the vehicle and dummy occupant responses measured in the crashes. It is concluded that the crashworthiness performance of the structural and occupant protection systems incorporated in the vehicle design as demonstrated in these tests confirmed the achievement of the crash safety objectives specified for the BRV development program. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Frontal crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Service discontinuance KW - Structural design KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159327 AU - DUDA, J L AU - Computer Sciences Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM EVALUATION SUPPORT FOR THE MOTOR VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS. VOLUME II: COSTS AND BENEFITS PY - 1977/05 SP - 340 p. AB - The report presents the costs and benefits of the Motor Vehicle Diagnostic Inspection Program (PL 92-513, Title III), Demonstration Projects conducted by Alabama, Arizona, Puerto Rico, Tennessee, and Washington, D.C. from Spring 1975 through 30 June 1976. The objective of the evaluation was to determine if a national diagnostic inspection program would be cost effective in the sense that public benefits would exceed the program costs. The methodology for the study was to review published data relevant to the program, examine data submitted by the sites, define site expenditure, and describe and document benefits to the consumer, in addition to direct and indirect costs of conducting a vehicle inspection program. KW - Alabama KW - Arizona KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Consumers KW - Direct costs KW - Evaluation KW - Indirect costs KW - Inspection KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Project management KW - Puerto Rico KW - Tennessee KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159024 AU - Brown, J G AU - Automotive Research Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE FLUID: WATER TOLERANCE AND VISCOSITY. VOLUME II PY - 1977/05 SP - 132 p. AB - The objectives of the program were (1) To determine the in-service water pickup of conventional and low water tolerant brake fluids when used in conventional brake systems; (2) to determine the effects of these fluids and the water pickup on brake system components and on the performance of the system. KW - Brake fluids KW - Brakes KW - Moisture content KW - Motor vehicles KW - Tolerances KW - Tolerances (Engineering) KW - Viscosity KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159003 AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINAL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FMVSS 301: FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY PY - 1977/05 SP - 67 p. AB - The report is the third in a series of four reports which contain the final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of each of four selected Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). The four selected FMVSS which have been examined are: Side door strength, exterior protection, fuel system integrity, and occupant crash protection. This report contains the final design and implementation plan for evaluating the effectiveness of FMVSS 301 - Fuel System Integrity. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Doors KW - Effectiveness KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuel tanks KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Standards KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158988 AU - McKnight, A J AU - Green, M A AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFE DRIVING KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND TESTING TECHNIQUES. VOLUME III. HANDBOOK PY - 1977/05 SP - 99 p. AB - This handbook provides a set of guidelines that may be used by driver licensing agencies in the development of driver manuals, tests, and other means of disseminating information and testing license applicants. The methods used in developing and evaluating the manuals and tests, methods used as a source for this handbook, are described in a separate Technical Report. KW - Driver licensing KW - Drivers KW - Handbooks KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Licenses KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158989 AU - PERCHONOK, K AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVER AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AS RELATED TO THE PRECIPITATION OF ACCIDENTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 77 p. AB - Police reported accidents were coded in terms of elements of the accident generation process. Analyses were conducted to relate general driver and vehicle characteristics to responsibility for the accidents and to reasons for the precipitation of accidents. Driver and vehicle characteristics included driver age, sex, license type, restraint use, and drinking status. Vehicle characteristics were age and general vehicle type. The main reasons for accident generation were information failures, control failures, and control failures associated with slippery roads. KW - Age KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Driver age KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Gender KW - Human factors engineering KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger restraints KW - Pavements KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158978 AU - McPherson, K AU - McKnight, A J AU - Knipper, A AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PREPARATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: HIGHWAY SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PLAN AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION PY - 1977/05 SP - 114 p. AB - The primary purpose of the project was to develop training programs designed to assist highway safety professionals in implementing the planning approaches set forth in the Highway Safety Program Manual, Volume 102: Highway Safety Plan, December 1976, Draft. Two separate courses were developed to achieve this purpose. They were: (1) Highway Safety Plan Course--A course for those individuals responsible for overall planning of the States highway safety program; and (2) Problem Identification Course--A course for data analysts responsible for providing support services for highway safety planning. The courses included administrative, instructor and student materials as well as instructional aids. Each course was designed for administration during a two-and-one-half day period. A secondary purpose of the project was to plan and administer an instructor preparation program. Achievement of this purpose resulted in the training of 31 instructors from NHTSA and FHWA Headquarters and regional staffs, and 21 instructors from State highway safety agencies. Those individuals trained during the instructor preparation program were charged with the responsibility to conduct courses at the State and regional levels. KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Instructional materials KW - Instructors KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Planning KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Safety KW - Specialized training KW - State highway departments KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158984 AU - Fingerman, P W AU - Levine, J M AU - Eisner, E J AU - American Institutes for Research AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - YOUTH, ALCOHOL, AND SPEEDING: THEIR JOINT CONTRIBUTION TO HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 84 p. AB - The objective of the project was to obtain empirical data on the joint influence of slightly excessive speed and low-to-moderate blood-alcohol concentration upon accident-involvement as a function of age and driving experience, and to determine if the combination of speeding and drinking is a significant problem in highway crashes, particularly for young or inexperienced drivers. The objectives were addressed by obtaining and analyzing a sample of 7,354 drivers involved in accidents in North Carolina during 1974. KW - Adolescents KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Experience KW - Knowledge KW - Minors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Teenage drivers KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158987 AU - McKnight, A J AU - Green, M A AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFE DRIVING KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND TESTING TECHNIQUES. VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 210 p. AB - A set of seven targeted driver license manuals and tests was developed for the following groups of drivers: New drivers, Youthful drivers, Renewal applicants, Older drivers, Traffic violators, Accident repeaters, and Drinking drivers. The manuals and tests were administered to a sample of 30,000 drivers, primarily from the state of Virginia, in order to determine their effectiveness in leading to acquisition, retention, and application of safe driving information. The assessment of information acquisition evidenced large knowledge gains for all target groups except the traffic violator group. A retention test was administered to the New driver and Renewal group after a five-month interval. The Older driver group showed a slight gain. In addition to the manuals, a one-hour audiovisual presentation covering the contents of the New Driver manual was developed. KW - Adolescents KW - Aged KW - Aged drivers KW - Alcoholism KW - Data collection KW - Driver license renewal KW - Driver licensing KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Licenses KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Recidivism KW - Retention psychology KW - Safety KW - Teenage drivers KW - Tests KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158982 AU - BRAININ, P A AU - Bishop, E W AU - HAMILTON, J W AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION TRAINING PY - 1977/05 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes the purpose, conduct and recommendations of the training program for motor vehicle inspectors (MVI's). This program was funded in order to produce teaching materials to train MVI's in the inspection procedures for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds. The basic products produced were a course guide, an instructor lesson plan manual, training aids, and trainee instructional manual, designed to complement the instruction and provide state inspection procedures for reference during and after the course. The course package was field tested under realistic circumstances, and the package was revised according to this experience. KW - Automobiles KW - Gross vehicle weight KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Inspection KW - Instructional materials KW - Instructions KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicles KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Specialized training KW - Technical reports KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159013 AU - Brown, J G AU - Automotive Research Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE FLUID: WATER TOLERANCE AND VISCOSITY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 28 p. AB - The objectives of this program were: (1) To determine the in-service water pickup of conventional and low water tolerant brake fluids when used in conventional brake systems, and (2) To determine the effects of these fluids and the water pickup on brake system components and on the performance of the system. KW - Brake fluids KW - Brakes KW - Dynamic braking KW - Hydraulic fluids KW - Moisture content KW - Motor vehicles KW - Road tests KW - Viscosity KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158977 AU - Khadilkar, A AU - NICHOLS, R AU - Schwarz, R AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 23 p. AB - Three areas relating to motorcycle safety were investigated control cable strength and reliability, cornering clearances, and fuel system integrity. Surveys, analytical studies, and test programs were conducted to support the development of realistic performance specifications and their implementation as standards, test procedures, and design practices. KW - Brakes KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel systems KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Strength of materials KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158986 AU - McKnight, A J AU - Green, M A AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFE DRIVING KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION AND TESTING TECHNIQUES. VOLUME I. GENERAL FINDINGS PY - 1977/05 SP - 62 p. AB - In order to determine the effectiveness of improved information dissemination and assessment techniques in reducing highway accidents, a set of seven targeted driver license manuals and tests was developed for the following groups of drivers: New drivers, Youthful drivers, Renewal applicants, Older drivers, Traffic violators, Accident repeaters, and Drinking drivers. The contents of the manuals and tests were based upon an analysis of critical information requirements for each target group and an assessment of existing information deficiencies of drivers relative to these requirements. The manuals and tests were administered to a sample of 30,000 drivers, primarily from the state of Virginia, in order to determine their effectiveness in leading to acquisition, retention, and application of safe driving information. KW - Adolescents KW - Aged KW - Aged drivers KW - Alcoholism KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Drainage KW - Drainage rate KW - Driver license renewal KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Licenses KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Recidivism KW - Retention psychology KW - Safety KW - Teenage drivers KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158964 AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW OF FOUR FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS: FMVSS 214, 215, 301, 208 PY - 1977/05 SP - 37 p. AB - The report covers the initial review of FMVSS 214 (Side Door Strength), FMVSS 215 (Exterior Protection), FMVSS 301 (Fuel System Integrity), and FMVSS 208 (Occupant Crash Protection). This work is the first task of the study of Evaluation Methodology for Four Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The review covers the objectives, requirements and timing of the four Standards. Also reviewed is the applicability of test conditions to real conditions; the relationship of the performance measures of the Standards to ultimate injury reduction; initial estimates of the effect of the Standard; and the extent and alternative methods of meeting the Standard. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Crashworthiness KW - Doors KW - Federal government KW - Fuel systems KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Standards KW - Strength of materials KW - United States KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158959 AU - Dunham, T D AU - NAGY, A AU - Hugg, S B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY HELMET PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION. VOLUME II PY - 1977/05 SP - 314 p. AB - The objective of the project was to ascertain the capability of the best available helmets to meet the head injury criterion (HIC) proposed in the Motorcycle Helmet Notice of proposed rule making for Sept. 1974. Volume II reports on the evaluation of new motorcycle helmet headform sizes A, B, C and D. These data show that dimensions of the CRAGAR Prototype Size C headform are not within acceptable tolerances of the existing ANSI Z90.1 headform, and recommendations are made to require that these tolerances be met. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Anatomical models KW - Configuration KW - Crash investigation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Helmets KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Impact tests KW - Materials KW - Model tests KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance KW - Protection KW - Safety engineering KW - Shape KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158962 AU - Hatch, W AU - DeArmon, J AU - Automation Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF ON-ROAD FAILURE DATA PY - 1977/05 SP - 47 p. AB - A statistical analysis of 2300 On-Road-Failure survey responses to define the vehicle systems most frequently responsible for on-road breakdowns of passenger vehicles was conducted. It was found that the fuel system, cooling system, ignition system, starting/charging system and engine were responsible for 84% of the reported on-road failures. Significant differences in system failure distributions between vehicle make/models were also identified. KW - Breakdown KW - Charging KW - Cooling KW - Cooling systems KW - Engines KW - Failure KW - Fuel systems KW - Ignition systems KW - Maryland KW - Mechanical failure KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Starting KW - Starting (Driving) KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169288 AU - Bentley, G K AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/05 SP - 36 p. AB - There were two principal objectives of the study. The first was to develop data collection and data analysis procedures to permit the measurement and evaluation of existing state motor vehicle inspection programs. Only passenger cars were considered. A limited field test was conducted in St. Louis, Missouri, to validate the procedures. The second objective was to design an experiment which relates the presence of a federally recommended PMVI system to accident, fatality, injury and property damage level. The experiment considered exogenous variables (topography, demographics, driver habits, etc.) and control variables (statistical similarity of two groups) as well as the principal comparison of interest--PMVI versus no PMVI. Volume I is a Summary Report covering the principal activities and achievements of the study. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Control conditions KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Demographics KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Field tests KW - Human characteristics KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Loss and damage KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Topography KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169291 AU - Bentley, G K AU - Philippi, M A AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME IV. UPDATE OF VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION CODE PY - 1977/05 SP - 41 p. AB - This volume contains an update of the NHTSA motor vehicle identification code. Vehicle production for model years 1974 through 1977 is identified and coded, and presented together with the original identification code. Since the update work was performed in the first quarter of 1977, later 1977 model productions are not included. KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Coding systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Identification systems KW - Identifying number KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169292 AU - Bentley, G K AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME V. MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION PROGRAM EVALUATION PROCEDURES MANUAL PY - 1977/05 SP - 65 p. AB - This document (Volume V) presents the steps necessary for implementation of the evaluation procedures by state or federal officials. The focus is on what to do and how to do it. Illustrated samples are presented. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169289 AU - Bentley, G K AU - Heldt, R AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EVALUATION PROCEDURES PY - 1977/05 SP - 224 p. AB - Volume II presents the technical development and justification for the inspection program evaluation procedures. Results from both analytical and operational validation efforts demonstrate the efficacy of the evaluation procedures. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169290 AU - Bentley, G K AU - Cooper, P W AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME III. TECHNICAL REPORT ON PMVI EXPERIMENT DESIGN PY - 1977/05 SP - 98 p. AB - Volume III presents the technical results of the experiment design task. A technically valid experiment is defined. Furthermore, it is shown that most classic experiment designs using existing data sources are inadequate. The experiment requires two groups - one subject to periodic inspection, the other exempt from inspection. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Design KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental design KW - Experiments KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169293 AU - Heldt, R W AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY. VOLUME VI. COMPUTER DOCUMENTATION PY - 1977/05 SP - 120 p. AB - Volume VI contains the computer documentation which is required to utilize the Field Evaluations as described in Volume V. Included are a User's Manual, Programmer's Manual, flow chart and listings. KW - Automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Defects KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Programming manuals KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155417 AU - Braun, R L AU - Cronin, R H AU - David, N A AU - Fend, A V AU - Norman, J R AU - Stanford Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/05 SP - 29 p. AB - The Executive Summary, Volume I of a two volume documentation, summarizes the results of a 6-month study to determine feasibility and appropriate evaluation schemes in a real-world environment for four Federal motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS): FMVSS 301--Fuel Integrity; FMVSS 208--Occupant Protection; FMVSS 214--Side Door Strength; and FMVSS 215--Exterior Protection. Based on a review of the literature, background material, specifications, compliance tests, and available evaluation methodologies, feasibility was established for the evaluation of FMVSS 301, 208, and 214. However, alternative plans that rely on qualified, indirect surveys or insurance data are the only potentially acceptable approaches if FMVSS 215--Exterior Protection is to be evaluated. Within an augmented National crash severity study (NCSS) program, detailed evaluation plans for FMVSS 301, 208, and 214 are described and recommended. KW - Bumpers KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Doors KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Federal government KW - Fuels KW - Government policies KW - Human factors engineering KW - Insurance KW - Methodology KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Policy KW - Protection KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Surveys KW - United States KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155428 AU - Northrop, G M AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION METHODOLOGIES FOR FOUR FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS. FMVSS 214: SIDE DOOR STRENGTH. FMVSS 215: EXTERIOR PROTECTION. FMVSS 301: FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY. FMVSS 208: OCCUPANT CRASH PROTECTION PY - 1977/05 SP - 142 p. AB - This is the final report of the study to develop methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of four selected Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards--FMVSS 214: Side Door Strength; FMVSS 215: Exterior Protection; FMVSS 301: Fuel System Integrity; and FMVSS 208: Occupant Crash Protection. This report provides a summary and overview of the nine preceding reports and an integration of the individual approaches developed for evaluating each Standard in earlier reports. This report includes conclusions and recommendations, reviews of the four Standards, approaches to evaluating the Standards, discussion of the methodologies for evaluation, and alternative implementation plans for performing the evaluations, individually and in an integrated fashion. KW - Abstracts KW - Analysis KW - Bumpers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Doors KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Federal government KW - Fuel systems KW - Government policies KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Policy KW - Protection KW - Public administration KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Strength of materials KW - Summarizing KW - Surveys KW - United States KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155418 AU - Braun, R L AU - Cronin, R H AU - David, N A AU - Fend, A V AU - Norman, J R AU - Stanford Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL FINDINGS PY - 1977/05 SP - 212 p. AB - This report, Volume II of two volumes, describes overall study details and presents a thorough discussion of the evaluation plan developed for four Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS): FMVSS 301--Fuel System Integrity; FMVSS 208--Occupant Protection; FMVSS 214--Side Door Strength; and FMVSS 215--Exterior Protection. After a statement of the problem and a description of each standard, applicable technical factors are discussed, alternative evaluation methodologies are reviewed and assessed, the recommended evaluation study design is presented, and finally a plan for implementing the evaluation is provided (includes costs and schedules). KW - Analysis KW - Bumpers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Doors KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Federal government KW - Fuel systems KW - Government policies KW - Human factors engineering KW - Methodology KW - Motor fuels KW - Motor vehicles KW - Policy KW - Protection KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Standards KW - Surveys KW - Technical analysis KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - United States KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155389 AU - Croke, J A AU - Teknekron, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REPORT ON RESULTS OF NHTSA PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION FOCUS GROUP STUDY PY - 1977/05 SP - 32 p. AB - This study was designed as an exploratory investigation that would establish a basis for the development and evaluation of future NHTSA Public Information and Education Campaign activities. Two 2-hour focus groups, a youth group (11 participants, ages 16-24) and an adult group (8 participants, ages 25-50), were used to explore licensed driver attitudes and motives related to the agency's three safety priorities: The 55 speed limit, safety belts and alcohol. Based on the results of these group discussions a series of hypotheses were developed which may have implications for the strategies used in the National Campaign as well as for local campaigns specifically on the 55 speed limit. KW - Alcoholism KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Hazards KW - Information dissemination KW - Manual safety belts KW - Public opinion KW - Reaction time KW - Risk assessment KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166454 AU - Morris, J B AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SEAT BELT PERFORMANCE IN 30 M.P.H. BARRIER IMPACTS PY - 1977/04/27 SP - 66 p. AB - Data relating to the seat belt performance of nine model year 1976 automobiles when subjected to the FMVSS No. 301 compliance test were obtained. The report presents a summary of the test data and a discussion of the test results. A relationship appears to exist between upper torso belt force and ride-down benefit. In those vehicles that exhibit a short crash duration and whose belt systems produce excessive slack time, upper shoulder belt forces are severe. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Vehicle make UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155401 AU - Chesley, S W AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPARISONS OF ACCIDENT DATA FROM WESTERN NEW YORK, NEW YORK STATE, AND THE UNITED STATES PY - 1977/04 SP - 39 p. AB - This report consists of a series of accident data tabulations based on data from: the Calspan Tri-Level Accident Study, the state of New York, and the National Safety Council. Comparisions made of accident data representing three geographical areas: the eight counties of Western New York, New York State, and the United States. The objective is to determine the extent to which findings in one area can be generalized to the other areas. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Counties KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New York (State) KW - Research KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175483 AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION AND CORRELATION OF DRIVER/VEHICLE DATA PY - 1977/04 SP - 280p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71714 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00367283 JO - Black Scholar PB - Black World Foundation AU - Harper, F D AU - Dawkins, M P AU - Black World Foundation TI - ALCOHOL ABUSE IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY PY - 1977/04 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - p. 23-31 AB - The role that alcohol plays in influencing health and social conditions including accidents, homicides and illnesses is examined. In general, the black community has denied the existence of alcoholism and alcohol abuse, which has created a lack of awareness and commitment in taking action to eliminate alcohol problems. If black Americans are to live healthy, responsible and quality lives, there must be prevention programs aimed at a revision of attitudes and values among Blacks which contribute to alcohol abuse. If these traditional attitudes and values are to be changed, institutions and organizations of the black community will have to take responsibility for educating black people about alcohol and drinking. KW - Alcohol use KW - Alcoholism KW - Community action programs KW - Community values KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Prevention KW - Social factors KW - Social values KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/181636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192240 AU - Glauz, W D AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - Kansas City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - KANSAS CITY ASAP, SECTION I. ANALYTIC STUDY 7: IMPACT ON PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES PY - 1977/04 SP - 93 p. AB - The study relies primarily on survey data to evaluate both the general Public Information and Education program and the local impact of the national campaign emphasizing intervention on behalf of friends who drink too much and drive. The campaign has increased public knowledge about certain drinking myths, but caused no other major changes. Most persons remain unaware of the program and its activities. The national campaign has been visible locally, and stated attitudes about drunk friends who drive have become more responsible. However, there was little evidence of changed behavior. Moreover, it is suggested that the campaign has most impacted the wrong persons--persons who realistically do not often confront drinking drivers. An alternate campaign approach is recommended, based on arrests rather than fatalities. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Missouri KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192210 AU - Clark, S G AU - Porter, J A AU - Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - COMPARISON OF RECOVERED ALCOHOLIC AND NON-ALCOHOLIC COMMUNICATOR IN ALCOHOL EDUCATION PY - 1977/04 SP - 16 p. AB - The study was designed to test one aspect of presenting alcohol information to high school students, namely does a recovered alcoholic have more influence on attitudes and knowledge about alcohol than a non-alcoholic. Three groups of high school students were given knowledge and attitude pretest. Material was presented to Group A by a person introduced as a recovered alcoholic. Group B's material was presented by the same person, but who was not introduced as recovered alcoholic. Group C had no information presented, and it acted as a control. Analysis of variance indicated a significant increase in knowledge in the experimental groups, but the characteristic, recovered alcoholic, was not influential. Attitudes changed only slightly, but in the direction opposite of that predicted. Policy implications for alcohol education programs were discussed. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohols KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Characteristics KW - Control groups KW - Drivers KW - Drug abuse KW - Education KW - Instructors KW - Policy KW - Social psychology KW - Students KW - Testing KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191740 AU - Glauz, W D AU - Kansas City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - KANSAS CITY ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT). SECTION I. ANALYTIC STUDY 3: AN ANALYSIS OF ASAP PATROL ACTIVITY PY - 1977/04 SP - 70 p. AB - The study concerns activities and impacts of the police in Kansas City, Missouri, regarding enforcement of laws pertaining to drinking and driving. Arrests more than doubled as a result of ASAP. A Special Alcohol Safety Patrol (SASP), although it comprised less than 1% of the police department, accounted directly for well over half the increase and, by example, caused the rest of the department's arrests to increase. Patrol experiments aimed at increasing the apprehension of younger or more wealthy drivers were largely unsuccessful, mostly because the otherwise useful practice of 'cooperative arrests' distorted certain data records used in planning and evaluating such experiments. KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Missouri KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166457 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Baum, A S AU - Neff, D O AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - YIELDING BARRIER TEST DATA BASE. A STUDY OF SIDE IMPACT CASES IN THE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION (MAI) FILE PY - 1977/04 SP - 74 p. AB - The report summarizes the reconstruction of 259 MDAI side impact cases using the CRASH 2 computer program. The results describe side impacts in terms of the crash environment and the damage sustained by both the struck and striking vehicles; comparisons were made between right and left side impacts. Injury thresholds, measured as a function of the direction of occupant motion, were examined for two vehicle size categories (compact and full size automobiles), in general, occupants of larger vehicles seem to have increased protection against severe and fatal injuries at the cost of a reduced threshold to minor injuries. KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Compact automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Doors KW - Fatalities KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Side crashes KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178226 AU - Hedlund, J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE SEVERITY OF LARGE TRUCK ACCIDENTS PY - 1977/04 SP - 37 p. AB - This study uses data supplied by the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety to examine the severity of accidents between cars and articulated trucks. It is found that the accident location has a far greater effect on accident severity than does the size or weight of the truck. An accident is most likely to be severe (as measured by a fatality to a car occupant) if it occurs on a rural, 2-lane road. Rural, 4-lane roads have proportionately fewer severe accidents, and residential/business roads have porportionately fewer yet. Once accidents have been classified by location into these three categories, accident severity does not vary significantly with either the size or weight of the truck involved. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automobiles KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Location KW - Rural highways KW - Trucks KW - Two lane highways KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159011 AU - Meyerhoff, N J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME ON MOTOR VEHICLE FATAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PY - 1977/04 SP - 140 p. AB - This report shows that Daylight Saving Time (DST) reduces the number of persons killed in motor vehicle fatal traffic accidents by about one percent. This estimate is based on a spectral (Fourier) analysis of these fatalities which utilizes a filtering technique to identify the part of the fatality frequency spectrum which is sensitive to DST while suppressing all other frequencies. To establish a cause/effect relationship between DST and changes in the filtered fatality time series, the changes are measured in two ways: (1) Across DST transitions and (2) for corresponding dates in years with and without DST. Certain statistical criteria are then applied to these measurements in order to confirm the existence of a DST effect on accidents and fatalities. KW - Causes KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash rates KW - Daily KW - Daylight KW - Daylight saving time KW - Fatalities KW - Fourier analysis KW - Injuries KW - Mortality KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Time KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155341 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Peck, R C AU - PRC Public Management Services, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC OFFENSE SENTENCING PROCESSES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 77 p. AB - The history and development of traffic offense sanctions are reviewed. Criteria for traffic offense sanctions are discussed in terms of evenness, economy, appropriateness, rational allocation, effectiveness and parsimony. The framework for development of standards for traffic offense sanctions is presented. The research literature related to traffic offense sanctions is reviewed, emphasizing special and general effectiveness. An agenda for recommended research is proposed. Four specific sanction policies are analyzed: habitual offender laws, driver license suspension/revocation, mandatory penalties and restricted or occupational licenses. KW - Behavior KW - Criminal law KW - Criteria KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver restriction KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Habitual traffic violator KW - Highway safety KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law KW - Licenses KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Penalties KW - Revocation KW - Standards KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175484 AU - Weir, D H AU - DiMarco, R J AU - McRuer, D T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION AND CORRELATION OF DRIVER/VEHICLE DATA. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 41 p. AB - The purpose of the study has been to analyze and correlate available handling-related driver/vehicle system response and performance data. This information has been used in an effort to identify safety-relevant vehicle performance characteristics and requirements criteria. Driver/vehicle interaction in safety-related vehicle maneuvers has been studied to infer the behavior of drivers in various accident scenarios, and to determine the manner in which vehicle factors influence this behavior. The driving situations considered have included open and closed loop limit maneuvers, closed loop emergency avoidance maneuvers, and closed loop normal regualtion and maneuver tasks. Analysis and correlation procedures, beyond those developed in previous studies, have been examined, and new parameters and coefficients have been evaluated as possible system characterizing factors. The focus has been on deducing possible requirements criteria which are sensitive to driver/vehicle response and performance characteristics, which can be assessed using objective procedures, and which can provide guidance for further research studies and possible activities in the area of safety performance standards. KW - Behavior KW - Control KW - Correlation analysis KW - Criteria KW - Data KW - Directional measurement KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Evaluation KW - Feedback control KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Response KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - System /linked/ KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicles KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175485 AU - Weir, D H AU - DiMarco, R J AU - McRuer, D T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION AND CORRELATION OF DRIVER/VEHICLE DATA. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 156 p. AB - The purpose of the study has been to analyze and correlate available handling-related driver/vehicle system response and performance data. This information has been used in an effort to identify safety-relevant vehicle performance characteristics and requirements criteria. Volume 2 contains the following: Determination of vehicle dynamic properties; Regulation tasks; Transient and discrete maneuvers; Considerations for handling requirements. KW - Control KW - Correlation analysis KW - Criteria KW - Data KW - Directional measurement KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Evaluation KW - Feedback control KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Response KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - System /linked/ KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicles KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175481 AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY STATE DRIVER LICENSING AGENCIES. VOLUME I PY - 1977/04 SP - 132 p. AB - The report, containing two volumes, documents the results of a study of administrative hearings conducted by driver licensing agencies as part of their procedures in withdrawing drivers' licenses. Current practices of these agencies, as determined through a nationwide survey and observations of selected State operations, were compared with the anticipated requirements of due process to evaluate for compliance with these legal precepts. The first volume contains the findings of the research, a summary of due process requirements, the evaluation for provision of due process, and recommendations for improvements. The second volume includes the results of the nationwide survey and of the visits to selected States. It also contains the paper written by Professor Robert Force of the Tulane School of Law titled Procedural Due Process Requirements in Administrative Suspension and Revocation of Drivers' Licenses, which summarized his research of case law and determination of applicable due process requirements that were used in the evaluation of current practices. KW - Administrative law KW - Administrative procedures KW - Data collection KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Government policies KW - Legal factors KW - Licenses KW - Observation KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Requirement KW - Revocation KW - Specifications KW - State government KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Suspensions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175482 AU - Whitcomb, R F AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY STATE DRIVER LICENSING AGENCIES. VOLUME II PY - 1977/04 SP - 174 p. AB - Appendices: Responses to survey questionnaire; Observation reports from states visited; Procedural due process requirements in administrative suspension and revocation of driver's licenses. KW - Administrative law KW - Administrative procedures KW - Data collection KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Government policies KW - Legal factors KW - Licenses KW - Observation KW - Policy KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Requirement KW - Revocation KW - Specifications KW - State government KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Suspensions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175486 AU - Weir, D H AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION AND CORRELATION OF DRIVER/VEHICLE DATA. VOLUME III. LITERATURE SURVEY PY - 1977/04 SP - 83 p. AB - The purpose of the study has been to analyze and correlate available handling-related driver/vehicle system response and performance data. This information has been used in an effort to identify safety-relevant vehicle performance characteristics and requirements criteria. Volume 3 contains the following: NHTSA contract data bases; Other driver/vehicle response and performance data. KW - Bibliographies KW - Control KW - Correlation analysis KW - Criteria KW - Data KW - Databases KW - Directional measurement KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Evaluation KW - Feedback control KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Response KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - System /linked/ KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Vehicles KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175259 AU - McKnight, A J AU - McPherson, K AU - Johnson, D R AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE EDUCATION CURRICULUM SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1977/04 SP - 402 p. AB - The report contains specifications for a motorcycle safety education curriculum designed to reduce the incidence and severity of motorcycle accidents. The specifications prescribe objectives, prerequisites, methods, materials, equipment, facilities, and proficiency measures for six units of instruction as follows: Unit I - Basic Riding Skills, Unit II - Street Riding Principles, Unit III - Street Riding Skills, Unit IV - Maintenance, Unit V - Off-Street Operation, and Unit VI - Preparation for Travel. The instructional units can be configured in a variety of ways in order to accommodate the range of interests and experience levels that characterize individuals seeking motorcycle instruction. Six specific courses have been identified. An instructional program was developed from the specifications by the Motorcycle Safety Foundation. It was pilot tested on 48 students during the summer of 1976. The specifications have been revised to reflect experiences gained during the pilot test. KW - Crash severity KW - Curricula KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Instructional materials KW - Instructions KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Motorcycles KW - Motorcyclists KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Specialized training KW - Specifications KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174746 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - YOUTH AND DRIVING: A SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHY FROM HIGHWAY SAFETY LITERATURE PY - 1977/04 SP - 156 p. AB - This bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, concerning the involvement of young people on our national highways. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Adolescents KW - Alcohols KW - Automobiles KW - Bibliographies KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Indexing KW - Specialized training KW - Students KW - Teenage drivers KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155423 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Peck, R C AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC OFFENSE SENTENCING PROCESSES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1977/04 SP - 179 p. AB - This report presents a review and analysis of traffic offense sanctions. Volume III includes three appendices: (a) Detailed information regarding: statutory provisions regarding sanctions, based on a traffic code survey, and sanctions imposed on traffic offenders as reported in published documents; (b) a detailed investigation of the enforcement of the North Carolina Habitual (Traffic) Offender Statute; (c) an investigation of the use of jail penalties for first offense drunk driving convictions in Arizona and Washington. KW - Classification KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Drunk driving KW - Ethanol KW - Fines KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Habitual traffic violator KW - Highway safety KW - Jails KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Oregon KW - Penalties KW - Reviews KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155416 AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF HANDS-OFF DRIVER LICENSE ENFORCEMENT THROUGH RAPID COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1977/04 SP - 52 p. AB - This report describes the study of methods of identifying and apprehending suspended and revoked drivers in a moving stream of traffic. Each enforcement method analyzed is based on the use of communications technology to enable random mass screening of vehicle tag numbers in an effort to detect suspension and revocation violators. The term "hands-off" is used to indicate that vehicles will only be stopped after a probable violator has been identified through the vehicle tag number and the technique would not detain or interfere with the legal driver. Five hands-off techniques are presented and discussed that span a range of sophistication from voice data entry and on board computer systems to a printed manual list of denied drivers. The study describes the supporting communication system and ADP system requirements for implementation of a pilot program and outlines a general program planning procedure. Additionally, technology that may in the future be adaptable for use in hands-off enforcement is reviewed and discussed. Finally, a suggested state selection procedure is outlined for the determination of states that could participate in a demonstration hands-off driver license enforcement program. KW - Communication devices KW - Communication systems KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Driver licenses KW - Drivers KW - Identification systems KW - Identifying KW - Information processing KW - Law enforcement KW - Methodology KW - Monitoring KW - Motion KW - Revocation KW - Suspensions KW - Traffic surveys KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155408 AU - BAIRD, J D AU - Sublett, F AU - Hughes, R AU - Averett, V AU - University of Southern California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION: FREEWAY OFF-RAMP DEPARTURE; SCHOOL BUS ROLLOVER, 29 FATALITIES PY - 1977/04 SP - 478 p. AB - An accident is documented in which a school bus carrying 52 persons and driven by a male with limited experience failed to negotiate a freeway exit ramp curve and fell inverted 21 feet to the ground. Fatalities, injuries, and damage are recorded, along with extrication procedures and disposition of the casualties. KW - Buses KW - Casualties KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Extrication KW - Fatalities KW - Freeway ramps KW - Freeways KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Ramps KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Research KW - Rollover crashes KW - School buses KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155422 AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Kim, T M AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MODIFIED ARTICULATED VEHICLE SIMULATION PY - 1977/04 SP - 72 p. AB - This is a final report on a research task to add to an existing simulation the capability to simulate the Breeze jackknife restraint device. This report documents the addition as follows. First, an overview of the analytical problem is presented, followed by an explanation of the kinematics and some details of the new software. The kinematics section is closely linked to the software by relating equations in the text to line numbers in the computer program. Next, some sample computer runs introduce the input/output of the modified simulation. A flow chart and a list of the modified program is given in the appendix. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Brake drums KW - Brakes KW - Computer programs KW - Configuration KW - Drum brakes KW - Equations of motion KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Jackknifing KW - Kinematics KW - Loads KW - Shape KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Tension KW - Trailers KW - Truck tractors KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155432 AU - BRAININ, P A AU - Breedlove, R M AU - Naughton, T J AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Bureau of Education for the Handicapped TI - IMPACT STUDY ON DRIVING BY SPECIAL POPULATIONS. VOLUME II. A GUIDE FOR THE EVALUATION OF HANDICAPPED DRIVERS PY - 1977/04 SP - 151 p. AB - The project studied the impact of motor vehicle driving on the public roadways by special populations. Major concerns were special populations' learning to drive, being licensed to drive, and driving behavior. Impact was considered from two perspectives: the impact on the handicapped driver and the impact on the welfare of the general public. KW - Behavior KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Governments KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Impact studies KW - Licenses KW - Motor skills KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Public KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155414 AU - MARTINEZ, J E AU - Faatz, W C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE BREAK-IN PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING TESTS PY - 1977/04 SP - 107 p. AB - Tire shoulder wear and corresponding changes in tire cornering capability must be considered if meaningful, reproducible vehicle handling tests are to be developed. Up to now the problem has been partially solved by vehicle prewearing of tires which may result in unrealistic shoulder wear and vehicle handling capabilities believed to be unrepresentative of their 'real-world' counterparts. The main objective of the study was to develop a workable means, either in the form of new procedures for tire break-in or modifications to present procedures, that would eliminate the problem or reduce it. The study conducted a sufficient number of tests involving tires from the three construction classes: bias ply, bias belted and radial. Two test vehicles and different break-in procedures and prewear states were considered. A statistical evaluation of the data was performed. KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equipment tests KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Methodology KW - Performance tests KW - Preparation KW - Radial ply tires KW - Radial tires KW - Revisions KW - Road shoulders KW - Statistical analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Test equipment KW - Tires KW - Vehicles KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155415 AU - Chi, L AU - Dalsimer, A AU - Chi Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXECUTIVE AND TABULAR SUMMARY OF AIR BAG FIELD EXPERIENCE. VOLUME I. NO. 1 PY - 1977/04 SP - 173 p. AB - The report contains narrative summaries and tables which describe a total of 119 accidents occurring during the past 4 years involving air bag equipped cars. The information was extracted from the NHTSA in-depth reports by accident investigation teams from five regional research stations. In each case, the following data are included: data, location, DOT HS number, type of impact, year and make of air bag equipped vehicle, type of accident, year and make of other vehicle(s) involved, speed of impact, driver and passenger(s) information, their injury code, damage to the vehicle, and damage code. KW - Air bags KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Impacts KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Tables (Data) KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155409 AU - BRAININ, P A AU - Naughton, T J AU - Breedlove, R M AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Bureau of Education for the Handicapped TI - IMPACT STUDY ON DRIVING BY SPECIAL POPULATIONS. VOLUME I. CONDUCT OF THE PROJECT AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1977/04 SP - 167 p. AB - This project was conceived to study the impact of motor vehicle driving on the public roadways by 'special populations.' Major concerns were special populations' learning to drive, being licensed to drive, and driving behavior. Impact was considered from two perspectives: the impact on the handicapped driver and the impact on the welfare of the general public. The project was divided into two phases. Phase I establishes a research data base of information directly relevant to special population motor vehicle driving. This information is summarized and presented in Volume I of the Final Reports. KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral science KW - Databases KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Economic impacts KW - Governments KW - Impact studies KW - Job analysis KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Psychological tests KW - Psychomotor tests KW - Public KW - Quality of work KW - Reference groups KW - Requirement KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Specialized training KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155385 AU - Joksch, H C AU - Haas, G AU - Reidy, JCJ AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM PRIORITY AND LIMITATION ANALYSIS PY - 1977/04 SP - 128 p. AB - The overall objective of this study was to provide guideline criteria for tolerable impacts of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in the areas of consumer cost, industrial impact, occupant convenience, and transport operational restrictions. The public literature, surveys and other sources were studied. In the area of consumer cost, rough quantitative guidelines for tolerable impacts were found. In the area of industrial impact, some qualitative characteristics of tolerable impacts were identified. Speculative estimates of tolerable cost impacts were obtained. Some indications for limits of tolerable occupant inconvenience were found. Areas of research needed in order to estimate 'cumulative' effects of the standards over longer time periods were identified. KW - Analysis KW - Comfort KW - Constraints KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Convenience KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Criteria KW - Data collection KW - Economic impacts KW - Estimating KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Impact studies KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Research projects KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Standards KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155387 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Peck, R C AU - PRC Public Management Services, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC OFFENSE SENTENCING PROCESSES AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 230 p. AB - This document is the product of a survey to determine what needs to be known before meaningful standards and goals in traffic sanction policy can be formulated. As such, it represents a first step toward a policy science approach to traffic sanctions as a part of a national transportation policy. The primary focus of this study is on traffic sanctions as an instrument of loss reduction. The sanctioning process can be considered as distinct from other traffic law enforcement phases such as law enforcement and adjudication, but changes in sanction policy have recursive effects on other aspects of law enforcement. KW - Behavior KW - Classification KW - Criminal law KW - Criteria KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Fines KW - Habitual traffic violator KW - Highway safety KW - Jail sentences KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law KW - Licenses KW - Penalties KW - Policy KW - Revocation KW - Statistics KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155376 AU - Gibbs, B AU - Hatch, W AU - Automation Industries, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MADISON COUNTY VEHICLE DATA TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF AUTOCHECK PROGRAM ON VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATES PY - 1977/04 SP - 38 p. AB - A statistical analysis is presented using data files supplied by the University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH) to determine the effect of Autocheck program participation on the passenger vehicle accident rate in Madison County, Alabama. Out of 51025 registered passenger vehicles (Model years 1968-1973) in the county 9696 participated in the Autocheck program during the 56 week period April 1, 1975 through April 30, 1976. During this same period 5956 passenger vehicles (Model years 1968-1973) registered in Madison County were involved in an accident within the county. Statistics derived from the data processing were used to obtain estimates of the overall county accident rates for Autocheck and non-Autocheck vehicles. KW - Alabama KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Counties KW - Crash rates KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Impacts KW - Inspection KW - Monitoring KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Rates per time KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155343 AU - MARTINEZ, J E AU - Faatz, W C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE BREAK-IN PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING TESTS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 19 p. AB - Tire shoulder wear and corresponding changes in tire cornering capability must be considered if meaningful, reproducible vehicle handling tests are to be developed. Up to now the problem has been partially solved by vehicle prewearing of tires which may result in unrealistic shoulder wear and vehicle handling capabilities believed to be unrepresentative of their 'real-world' counterparts. The main objective of the study was to develop a workable means, either in the form of new procedures for tire break-in or modifications to present procedures, number of tests involving tires from the three construction classes: bias ply, bias belted and radial. Two test vehicles and different break-in procedures and prewear states were considered. A statistical evaluation of the data was performed. KW - Equipment tests KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Performance tests KW - Preparation KW - Radial ply tires KW - Radial tires KW - Reliability KW - Revisions KW - Statistical analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Test equipment KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154851 AU - Dunlap, D F AU - Segel, L AU - Preston, F L AU - Cooley, P AU - Brown, B C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE ROLE OF VEHICLE HANDLING IN ACCIDENT CAUSATION. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 22 p. AB - The report describes a study designed to develop a methodology for determining the role of vehicle handling in accident causation. The first part of the study deals with methods for uncovering statistical links between vehicle handling performance and accident experience. The second part consists of detailed methods for reconstructing the pre-crash phase of the accident-the phase in which vehicle handling factors are most important. The third part of the methodology consists of methods of defining the influence of specific vehicle handling characteristics on accident avoidance performance. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Precrash factors KW - Precrash phase KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Statistics KW - Steering KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154793 AU - Croke, J A AU - Wilson, W B AU - Teknekron, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MODEL FOR PROVISIONAL (GRADUATED) LICENSING OF YOUNG NOVICE DRIVERS PY - 1977/04 SP - 161 p. AB - The study was undertaken to develop a model process for the provisional (graduated) licensing of young novice drivers and to incorporate that model into a work statement for a 403 demonstration project. The model provisional licensing system includes the following major countermeasures: a parent-supervised driving practice program, a program of license testing and certification geared to young novice drivers, a nighttime driving restriction (at least for young problem drivers), and a youth-oriented driver improvement program. Included in the work statement for the project are a management system for the project, an evaluation design, key references, and a model driver improvement program for young novices. In addition to serving as the major portion of a Request for Proposal for a fiscal year 1977 NHTSA demonstration project, the model itself may also serve as a guide for state officials and legislators in modifying existing licensing programs to reduce the incidence of youthful violations and accidents. KW - Adolescents KW - Demonstration projects KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Licenses KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Safety KW - Specialized training KW - Teenage drivers KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154806 AU - Wayne, E L AU - Kabat, R J AU - Ball Brothers Research Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FMVSS 103 IDLE TEST VS. ROAD LOAD TEST PY - 1977/04 SP - 221 p. AB - Eight vehicles with a wide range of characteristics were tested in both the idle and road load test modes of FMVSS 103 for evaluation and comparison of the test modes. Four, six and eight cylinder engine models as well as one wankel and one diesel were included. The comparison of the data taken leads to a conclusion that the two test modes are not equivalent and that all vehicles will defrost faster in the road load test mode. It is further concluded that the road load test mode leads to operation of some vehicles in a mode which would not be safe for highway operation. To correct these conditions, it is recommended that the road load test mode be deleted from FMVSS 103 and the nominal rpm of vehicles with engines of less than 100 cubic inch displacement be increased to 2000 rpm. Other changes to the test procedures are also recommended in the areas of air flow, voltage control, and soak time requirements. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Defrosting KW - Deicing KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric potential KW - Engine idling KW - Evaluation KW - Flow KW - Idling KW - Load tests KW - Melting KW - Modal speed KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Road tests KW - Standards KW - Wankel engines KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305808 AU - Treat, J R AU - Tumbas, N S AU - McDonald, S T AU - Shinar, D AU - HUME, R D AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. VOLUME II: SPECIAL ANALYSES PY - 1977/03/31 SP - 318 p. AB - Volume II presents several special analysis dealing with the following. Driver attributes in relation to accident involvement and causation; Special analyses--human, vehicular, and environmental characteristics and accident causation; Motorcycle accidents and causes. KW - Brakes KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Indiana KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motorcycles KW - Research KW - Tires KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305807 AU - Treat, J R AU - Tumbas, N S AU - McDonald, S T AU - Shinar, D AU - HUME, R D AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. VOLUME I: CASUAL FACTOR TABULATIONS AND ASSESSMENTS PY - 1977/03/31 SP - 597 p. AB - Data were collected on three levels of detail. Police reports and other baseline data on the Monroe County, Indiana study area were collected on Level A. On Level B, teams of technicians responded to accidents at the time of their occurrence to conduct on-scene investigations; a total of 2,258 investigations were conducted during Phases II through V. Concurrently, 420 of these accidents were independently examined by a multidisciplinary team on Level C. Other special surveys were also conducted. One or more human factors was cited by the in-depth team as a probable cause in 92.6% of accidents investigated in Phases II through V. Environmental factors were cited as probable causes in 33.8% of these accidents, while vehicular factors were identified as probable causes in 12.6%. The major human direct causes were improper lookout, excessive speed, inattention, improper evasive action, and internal distraction. Leading environmental accident causes were view obstructions and slick roads. The major vehicular causes of accidents were brake failure, inadequate tread depth, side-to-side brake imbalance, under-inflation, and vehicle related vision obstructions. Vision (especially poor dynamic visual acuity) and personality (especially poor personal and social adjustment) were found related to accident-involvement. However, as measured in this study, knowledge of the driving task was not shown to be related. KW - Brakes KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Indiana KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Obstruction KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Research KW - Slipperiness KW - Tires KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular safety KW - Visibility KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175498 AU - Melvin, J W AU - BENSON, J B AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CALIBRATION PROCEDURES OF TEST DUMMIES FOR SIDE IMPACT TESTING PY - 1977/03/14 SP - 210 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to develop and establish recommended tests, testing procedures and calibration criteria by which test dummies can be characterized and qualified for side impact compliance testing. The test procedures developed in this program were based on a review of available biomechanics literature, car crash tests, accident investigation data and impact sled tests. The tests which were developed are simple to perform and can be done using the apparatus for existing Part 572 frontal tests. The tests, with the exception of the lateral neck test, do not require disassembly of the test dummy. The tests are repeatable and sensitive enough to detect variabilities in the construction and response of the dummy. In evaluation tests of three test dummies, the test procedures produced repeatable results, but variations in response levels were also noted. In view of the limited knowledge of the biomechanics of lateral impact response and the variabilities in test dummy construction, the test procedures and calibration criteria developed by this program should be considered preliminary until additional biomechanical information and more uniformly constructed dummies become available. KW - Anatomical models KW - Biodynamics KW - Biophysics KW - Calibration KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Criteria KW - Dummies KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Mechanics KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Side crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167395 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRES PY - 1977/03 SP - 650 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to the effect of tires on highway safety. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bibliographies KW - Braking KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Skid resistance KW - Suspension systems KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159022 AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT TEST REPORTS INDEX FOR 1976 PY - 1977/03 SP - 1236 p. AB - An index to Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which were released to the public during calendar year 1976. This is the eighth in a series of indexes to the Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the NHTSA. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Components KW - Design standards KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Lighting equipment KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154852 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY RELATED RECALL CAMPAIGNS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING TIRES - DETAILED REPORTS FROM JULY 1, 1976 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1976 PY - 1977/03 SP - 804 p. AB - The document contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the third quarter of 1976. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197489 AU - Reis, REJ AU - Westra, D P AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE, 1976. TAMPA ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 4 PY - 1977/03 SP - 94 p. AB - The Hillsborough County judicial system responsible for processing DWI arrest cases and the system's relationship with the Tampa ASAP were described in detail. Judicial system structure and case flow as it existed in 1976 was emphasized, and major changes occurring throughout the operation period were noted. Traffic court performance in 1976, and changes in performance between 1973 and 1976 were examined. Data analyses were organized under the following evaluative topics: disposition of DWI arrest cases, relationship between BAC and disposition, punitive sanctions, referral performance, throughput (processing time), and profile of disposition groups. KW - Adjudication KW - Administration KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Courts KW - Criminal justice KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Florida KW - Justice KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192209 AU - Clark, S G AU - Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - EFFECT OF SATURATION PATROLS FOR DWI ENFORCEMENT PY - 1977/03 SP - 20 p. AB - The County was divided into regions and subdivided into two high arrest areas in each region. Circumferential routes around residential areas were used with high levels of saturation, one patrol car passing any site at approximately every four minutes. Although comparisons are difficult, number of contacts with motorists and number of written warnings appear to have increased, but DWI arrests, compared to baseline ASAP patrols, did not increase. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Percent saturation KW - Police KW - Police patrol KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192208 AU - Saunders, D N AU - Pemberton, L J AU - Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - DETERMINANTS OF POLICE OFFICERS' DUI ACTIVITY PY - 1977/03 SP - 124 p. AB - Fairfax County, Virginia Police were surveyed before attending an Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) police orientation and again six months later. The purpose of the study was twofold. The first goal was to establish whether relationships exist between the personal characteristics of police officers, their knowledge of and attitudes toward alcohol and driving and their involvement in DUI patrol and arrest. The second goal was to determine what, if any, effect an ASAP orientation for police officers would have on their (1) knowledge of alcohol and driving; (2) habits and attitudes toward drinking; (3) attitudes toward drinking and driving; and (4) utilization of alcohol testing equipment. The study provides descriptive material concerning officers' attitudes toward drinking alcoholic beverages, their knowledge about alcohol and their perception of the ASAP program. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohols KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Police KW - Project management KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155413 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Lynch, J P AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS - FURTHER EXTENSIONS AND REFINEMENTS OF THE CRASH COMPUTER PROGRAM PY - 1977/03 SP - 40 p. AB - The Calspan Reconstruction of Accident Speeds on the Highway (CRASH) computer program was modified to (1) incorporate an optional trajectory simulation routine, based on the corresponding portion of the Simulation Model of Automobile Collisions (SMAC) computer program, to permit automatic testing and refinement of the CRASH estimates of separation velocities, (2) provide an optional abbreviated format for the time-sharing version of CRASH, (3) provide an optional batch mode of operation, and (4) revise and extend the output format. This report documents the analytical bases for the modifications that have been incorporated in the CRASH2 computer program. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Revisions KW - Silico-phosphate cement KW - Simulation KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trajectory KW - Vehicle trajectories KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154853 AU - Grasso, V A AU - Budd Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/03 SP - 24 p. AB - Presented in this report is information developed in the rigid polyurethane study sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The aim of this study was to obtain the detailed information necessary to evaluate the short and long term applicability of light-weight rigid polyurethane foam as applied to automobile structures for high speed crash energy management. A definite conclusion was then to be made as to whether or not rigid polyurethane foam is feasible for use in automobile structures and then present a preliminary set of performance specifications which could be used in future rule making action. To determine this feasibility the program was conducted in the following phases: Literature survey; Suitability; Feasibility; Discussion and conclusions; Recommendations; Specifications. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Cellular plastics KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Crashes KW - Degradation KW - Destructive tests KW - Encapsulation KW - Energy absorption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Flammability KW - Flammability tests KW - Foam metals KW - Foams KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Impact tests KW - Lightweight materials KW - Mechanical tests KW - Metals KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Performance evaluations KW - Polyurethane foams KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Rigid KW - Specifications KW - Speed KW - Stiffness KW - Surveys KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Thermal stability KW - Thermoplastic resins KW - Toxicity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154854 AU - Grasso, V A AU - Budd Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM. VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/03 SP - 287 p. AB - This study has evaluated the applicability of rigid polyurethane foams to automobile structures for high speed crash energy management through evaluation of energy attenuation characteristics, pertinent material properties, availability, fire hazards, production process, repairability and disposability. Impact tests were made on elements to assess the effect various environments and conditions have on the energy absorbing characteristics of foam encased in a metallic structure. While loose shredded foam burns readily, sample tests indicate that foam surfaces exposed by rupturing the metallic shell in which the foam was encapsulated did not indicate any unusual burning hazard when it was soaked with gasoline and ignited. Full scale burning tests should be run to obtain the total effect of flammability and toxicity of decomposition gases of the foam in conjunction with by products of combustion from other materials incorporated in typical automobile structures and trim. In production, foam filling will require special fixturing to avoid distortion during filling and/or paint oven curing. Costs of representative structural components KW - Additives KW - Aging (Materials) KW - Automobile bodies KW - Blowing agents KW - Carriers KW - Chemical properties KW - Chemical reactions KW - Coal KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Compressive strength KW - Crashes KW - Destructive tests KW - Encapsulation KW - Energy absorbers KW - Energy absorbing materials KW - Energy absorption KW - Expanded plastics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Flammability KW - Flammability testing KW - Flammability tests KW - Fluorocarbons KW - Foam metals KW - Foams KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Highway economics KW - Highway operations KW - Impact tests KW - Manufacturing KW - Mechanical tests KW - Metals KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Oil shales KW - Physical properties KW - Polyurethane foams KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Rigid KW - Silicones KW - Stiffness KW - Surface active agents KW - Synthesis (Chemistry) KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Thermal stability KW - Thermoplastic resins KW - Tin KW - Toxicity KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154809 AU - Perrine, M W AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL EXPERIMENTS ON DRIVING-RELATED BEHAVIOR: A REVIEW OF THE 1974 ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES LITERATURE PY - 1977/03 SP - 58 p. AB - The purpose of the author's review is to present and discuss some recent experiments concerned with influences of alcohol upon behavioral variables which are assumedly relevant for successful driving performance. This review is limited to experiments (including part-task simulator studies) in which: (1) Those aspects of behavior more immediately involved in driving were investigated; (2) healthy, non-alcoholic subjects were used; and (3) alcohol was either the only drug investigated or was used in at least one condition alone; i.e. without a placebo or any other drug or stressor. In summary, the author considers four important and continuing trends and singles out the most important as concerning alcohol impairment of information processing, both in terms of its nature and exact locus. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Alertness KW - Attention KW - Behavior KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human information processing KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Memory KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Perception KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Personnel performance KW - Prevention KW - Processing KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25345/DOT-HS-801-266.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154015 AU - Bayler, T AU - Eder, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FUEL ECONOMY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION PY - 1977/03 SP - 16 p. AB - The fuel economy benefits of an exhaust emissions inspection and maintenance system is discussed. Standard EPA fuel economy tests were made on each car before and after minimum cost emission repairs. Fuel economy improvements for each size group in simulated urban and highway driving are discussed. KW - Automobiles KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Energy KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Performance tests KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Sampling KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154795 AU - Marsh, J C AU - Compton, M J AU - GREEN, J A AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION DATA FILE, 1975 PY - 1977/03 SP - 80 p. AB - Since 1969, in-depth accident reports generated by Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation (MDAI) teams have been edited and processed for computer storage and retrieval by the Highway Safety Research Institute. This report details the work on this program between April 1975 and April 1976. During this period, accident investigation case studies were edited and formatted into the HSRI-maintained CPIR Revision 3 data sets. In addition, new data sets implemented from the Damage Analysis Supplement, Occupant Supplement, and Air Cushion Restraint System supplement have been created. The report describes the production aspects of the program, the data editing and quality control protocol used in case editing, and the contents of the data files that are constructed from the Annotated Collision Performance and Injury Report (CPIR), Revision 3 and the ACRS supplements. An index of DOT-HS publication numbers is also included. KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Documents KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Loss and damage KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passenger restraints KW - Restraint systems KW - Technical reports KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154027 AU - Knoblauch, R L AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR RURAL AND SUBURBAN PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS: ACCIDENT DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1977/03 SP - 266 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to collect and analyze data on rural pedestrian accidents and to identify potential countermeasures. Data on a stratified random sample of over 1,500 rural and suburban accidents from six states was collected during interviews and on-site observations. These data included behavioral sequence, site characteristics and exposure data directed at identifying the precipitating and predisposing causal factors in each accident. The data analysis emphasized the development of characteristic accident situations or accident types from groups of similar accidents. Although twenty-three accident types were identified, the six most frequently encountered types accounted for over 60% of the sample. Countermeasures intended to apply to each accident type are discussed. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25500/25524/DOT-HS-802-266.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154784 AU - Morris, R S AU - Mounce, J M AU - Button, J W AU - Walton, N E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIELD STUDY OF DRIVER VISUAL PERFORMANCE DURING RAINFALL PY - 1977/03 SP - 183 p. AB - The research investigated the effect of rain on visibility. Specifically, the degradation of static visual acuity in terms of visual angle, detection probability, and legibility as a function of rain intensity were determined. Experiments performed during the course of the research included a field study during actual rain conditions, a simulator study using artificially produced rain, a film study using photographic techniques for the determination of visual degradation during simulated rain, and a freeway surveillance study to investigate driver behavior. KW - Driver performance KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Field studies KW - Field tests KW - Human factors engineering KW - Performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Photographic film KW - Photographic materials KW - Rain KW - Rainfall KW - Rainfall intensity KW - Simulation KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual acuity KW - Visual perception KW - Windshield wipers KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154788 AU - ROMEO, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SLED TESTS OF THE AIR BAG-CRUSHABLE DASH-KNEEBAR PASSIVE RESTRAINT IN THE VOLVO 244 PY - 1977/03 SP - 37 p. AB - The objective of the short program was to conduct evaluation tests of the Air Bag-Crushable Dash-Kneebar Passive Restraint system in the interior environment of a Volvo 244 automobile. The passive restraint system evaluated in this program has been described fully under an earlier report referenced herein. Consequently, this report provides a limited description of the system and may be considered to be a supplement to that report. In this sled program, the restraint system was evaluated at velocities between 30 MPH and 46 MPH for the range of dummy sizes in the normal seated position. One run was conducted at 30 MPH for the forward position 6 yr. child size dummy. All tests were frontal impact simulations. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Dummies KW - Evaluation KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Sleds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154780 AU - Nesbitt, M W AU - McGill, D W AU - Applied Science Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR DRIVER LICENSING ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING OFFICER PY - 1977/03 SP - 70 p. AB - The purpose of the project was the development, test, and evaluation of a two-day in-service training seminar for the Driver Licensing Administrative Hearing Officer (DLAHO). The report describes the activities involved in materials development, pilot test, and evaluation of the training seminar. The three-volume package includes a Course Guide, an Instructor's Manual, and a Participant's Manual. The project tasks reported here consist of (1) DLAHO task analysis, (2) determination of training requirements, (3) design of the instructional program, and (4) seminar pilot test and evaluation. The final section of the report presents the contractor's conclusions and recommendations for future applications of the DLAHO training package. KW - Administration KW - Driver licensing KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Hearings KW - Instructors KW - Licenses KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Requirement KW - Specialized training KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154799 AU - BURGER, W J AU - Smith, R L AU - Quenn, J E AU - Slack, G B AU - Dunlap and Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE VISIBILITY REQUIREMENTS OF PASSENGER CAR DRIVERS PY - 1977/03 SP - 177 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to (1) review, critique and integrate previously developed models of passenger car driver field-of-view (FOV) requirements, and (2) develop and demonstrate a methodology for deriving visual requirements of such drivers. The latter task included FOV requirements and relevant target characteristics. The methodology used in the present study to derive FOV requirements involved the construction of scenarios for 5 specific driving situations and their subsequent analyses. The scenarios were developed by considering driving mode, situation, driver tasks (perceptual and cognitive), and accident and collision avoidance investigations. All studies were in agreement that, in considering all driving situations, a 360 degree FOV is required to observe all relevant targets. Conclusions and recommendations are presented, related to potential visibility systems design and future research. KW - Automobiles KW - Design standards KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Field of vision KW - Human factors engineering KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Mirrors KW - Models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance human KW - Personnel performance KW - Prevention KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154032 AU - DAMKOT, D K AU - Toussie, S R AU - Akley, N R AU - Geller, H A AU - Whitmore, D G AU - Psychological Research Foundation of Vermont AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ON-THE-ROAD DRIVING BEHAVIOR AND BREATH ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION PY - 1977/03 SP - 224 p. AB - Unobtrusive measures of nocturnal driving performance were obtained on public highways at 42 rural sites on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights. Special data acquisition and recording systems were developed to obtain analog records of speed and lateral position electronically. The survey team obtained measures of breath alcohol concentration (BAC) from 1,663 motorists, as well as interview data concerning biographical variables, drinking patterns, and driving record. BACs of .10 or higher were found in 4.6% of this 100% sample of the nocturnal weekend driving population. Interview results confirmed that young male motorists are an important population-at-risk, but older male and female liquor drinkers are also prevalent. A double standard exists regarding attitudes toward beer and liquor, especially among younger males. KW - Adolescents KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Driver performance KW - Driver records KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Interviewing KW - Night KW - Performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Recording KW - Recording systems KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Teenage drivers KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25437/DOT-HS-EPX-014_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175277 AU - Flamboe, E E AU - Ouelett, J AU - University of Southern California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SCHOOL BUS LOCOMOTIVE-CABOOSE COLLISION, LAFAYETTE, OREGON PY - 1977/02/22 SP - 142 p. AB - The report documents the activities and findings of the University of Southern California Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Team with respect to a train versus school bus collision in Lafayette, Oregon, Wednesday, September 8, 1976. The collision occurred when the school bus stopped at a stop sign posted at the tracks, then proceeded across the tracks directly into the path of an oncoming locomotive-caboose combination. The collision was apparently caused by improper visual search of the tracks by the bus driver, but environmental factors contributed to a decrease in the pre-crash conspicuity of the train. The impact caused the bus to tilt to the right; the train then rotated the bus about its rear wheels and dragged the bus 30 feet. The bus rotated beyond 90 degrees until the right rear struck the left side of the locomotive, causing three fatal injuries. The bus then rolled upright and on its wheel 300 feet coming to rest when it collided with a wooden garage. No ejections occurred. All three fatalities and many of the more severe injuries resulted from the secondary impact of the right rear bus against the left side of the train. KW - Buses KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fatalities KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Highway traffic control KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Locomotives KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Oregon KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Research KW - School buses KW - Southern Pacific Railroad KW - Stop signs KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153951 AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SUBLETHAL INJURY PATTERNS IN THE BABOON RESTRAINED WITH A THREE-POINT HARNESS (-GX IMPACT) PY - 1977/02 SP - 164 p. AB - Tests were conducted with adult male baboon subjects restrained in a three-point restraint harness designed to provide impact protection in the -Gx direction. The objective of the research was to identify the first modes of injury with variations of the webbing properties of this harness and not the maximum G level that can be tolerated. The tests revealed the first modes of injury associated with the lap belt portion of the restraint and the first modes associated with the shoulder strap. Pathology was rated using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Impact levels were 30, 40 and 50 G at velocities ranging from 47.3 to 67.5 feet per second. Five types of harness materials were used. Suggestions were made for improving the harness configuration and the need to develop new response measures was identified. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acceleration tolerance KW - Automobiles KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Monkeys KW - Protection KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Seat belts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155373 AU - Neill, AHJ AU - Hinch, J A AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF TIRE TRACTION TEST METHODS: MOBILE TIRE TRACTION DYNAMOMETER VS INSTRUMENTED PASSENGER CAR PY - 1977/02 SP - 74 p. AB - Two completely different test methods are compared for their ability to quantify the traction characteristics of high speed police pursuit tires. The first uses established instrumented vehicle test procedures while the second method uses the Mobile Tire Traction Dynamometer. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamometers KW - Methodology KW - Mobile equipment KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Police KW - Portable equipment KW - Tires KW - Traction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153976 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ON VEHICLES TOWING TRAVEL TRAILERS II. VOLUME 15 PY - 1977/02 SP - 330 p. AB - Loading patterns, load capacities and consumer knowledge in these areas were determined for 2,400 vehicles consisting of automobiles towing travel trailers, travel trailers, motor homes, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. These data were compared to results from a previous survey in an effort to determine what improvements were made due to industry and government action. Vehicles were weighed as loaded for traveling and the suspension rating data was obtained from the vehicle manufacturers. This report deals with the vehicles towing trailers. Separate reports are available which cover travel trailers, motor homes, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. KW - Automobiles KW - Axles KW - Consumer protection KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Loads KW - Springs (Vehicles) KW - Suspension systems KW - Tires KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154033 AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF ROADWAY DISTURBANCES ON VEHICLE HANDLING PY - 1977/02 SP - 311p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151840 AU - Cook, H E AU - WHITE, R A AU - Clark, GLJ AU - Johnson, L K AU - Sommer III, H J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR BRAKE LININGS. VOLUME II PY - 1977/02 SP - 248 p. AB - A comparison is made between vehicle braking performance as predicted by computer simulation and as measured on fully instrumented vehicle tests. A new technique is described for accurately finger printing brake lining frictional characteristics based on full-scale dynamometer tests. KW - Automobiles KW - Brake linings KW - Disc brakes KW - Drum brakes KW - Dynamic braking KW - Friction KW - Hydraulic brakes KW - Simulation KW - Skidding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151839 AU - Cook, H E AU - WHITE, R A AU - Clark, GLJ AU - Johnson, L K AU - Sommer III, H J AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR BRAKE LININGS. VOLUME I PY - 1977/02 SP - 29 p. AB - A comparison is made between vehicle braking performance as predicted by computer simulation and as measured on fully instrumented vehicle tests. A new technique is described for accurately finger printing brake lining frictional characteristics based on full-scale dynamometer tests. It is proposed that this technique be used with a small-scale laboratory machine in developing a classification scheme for replacement brake linings. KW - Automobiles KW - Brake linings KW - Disc brakes KW - Drum brakes KW - Dynamic braking KW - Friction KW - Hydraulic brakes KW - Simulation KW - Skidding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181925 AU - Tsai, H C AU - Reddi, M M AU - Franklin Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HUMAN THORACIC SKELETAL RESPONSE. VOLUME II. THORAX PROGRAMMER'S AND USER'S MANUAL PY - 1977/02 SP - 596 p. AB - The general objective of the work is to develop the THORAX program to the point where it has been demonstrated, by favorable comparison with experimental data developed elsewhere, to predict dynamic structural responses and rib fractures for the human cadaver. The work consists of a study and selection of techniques to simulate rib fracture, restraint systems and experimental constraints as well as a total of five simulations of actual cadaver experiments consisting of three with impactors, one with belt restraints and one with an air bag equipped energy absorbing steering column. Documentation of the computer program THORAX is provided. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Air bags KW - Bone fractures KW - Cadavers KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Fracture KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Fractures (Anatomy) KW - Human beings KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Response KW - Ribs KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Thorax KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181405 AU - Hull, R W AU - Adams, L M AU - Schuetze, C E AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TESTING OF AN IMPROVED FMVSS NO. 104 WINDSHIELD WASHER PROCEDURE AND SPRAY PY - 1977/02 SP - 63 p. AB - An improved windshield washer test mixtue was developed and the test procedure was updated to evaluate windshield washer performance using the new test mixture. The improved test mixture contains four components which are (1) a clay in fine particle size which forms a colloidal suspension in water, (2) a poly(vinyl alcohol) resin which adds tenaceous properties, (3) titanium dioxide which adds a highly visible whiteness and (4) deionized water. The selected test mixture formulation consists of low cost readily available components that are easy to prepare. The mixture is easily applied with a hand sprayer and gives a uniform coating due to the good suspension properties of the solid components. The film is sufficiently difficult to remove that poor washer systems can be identified. The test procedure is a modification of the FMVSS 104, TP-104-04 procedure for testing windshield wiper and washer systems. The most significant change is the addition of a photometric technique to determine the amount of test dirt on the glazed surface. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Automobiles KW - Cleaning KW - Cleansers KW - Dirt KW - Equipment tests KW - Evaluation KW - Film KW - Mixtures KW - Performance KW - Soils KW - Test equipment KW - Windshield washers KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174739 AU - Reddi, M M AU - Tsai, H C AU - Franklin Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HUMAN THORACIC SKELETAL RESPONSE - THEORY. VOLUME I PY - 1977/02 SP - 224 p. AB - Contents: The thorax--biodynamic modeling; Bending moment-curvature relationships--kinematic formulae; Simulation of tests; Simulation of tests involving human cadavers restrained by belts; Simulation of tests involving human cadavers restrained by air bag equipped, energy absorbing steering column. KW - Air bags KW - Bending moments KW - Biophysics KW - Bone fractures KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Energy absorption KW - Fractures (Anatomy) KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Occupant restraint KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174738 AU - Reddi, M M AU - Tsai, H C AU - Franklin Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HUMAN THORACIC SKELETAL RESPONSE. ABSTRACT SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 25 p. AB - The general objective of the work is to develop the THORAX program to the point where it has been demonstrated, by favorable comparison with experimental data developed elsewhere, to predict dynamic structural responses and rib fractures for the human cadaver. The work consists of a study and selection of techniques to simulate rib fracture, restraint systems and experimental constraints as well as a total of five simulations of actual cadaver experiments consisting of three with impactors, one with belt restraints and one with an air bag equipped energy absorbing steering column. Documentation of the computer program THORAX is provided. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bone fractures KW - Cadavers KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Energy absorption KW - Forecasting KW - Fracture KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Fractures (Anatomy) KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Occupant restraint KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00156186 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE RESULTS OF THE NHTSA SURVEY: FOR AN EVALUATION OF THE ADEQUACY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF THE NHTSA UNIFORM HIGHWAY SAFETY STANDARDS PY - 1977/02 SP - 429 p. AB - A survey was initiated to collect comments, opinions and data on existing standards, and also to obtain recommendations on the scope, purpose and direction of the national program. The data collection effort, the evaluation plan and overall design, the study methodology and the significant findings are detailed in the first section of this report. The second section presents a comprehensive summary of each standard: periodic motor vehicle registration, motor vehicle registration, motorcycle safety, driver education, driver licensing, codes and laws, traffic courts, alcohol in relation to highway safety, traffic safety, police traffic services, pedestrian safety, debris hazard control and cleanup, pupil transportation safety, accident investigation and reporting. KW - Alcohols KW - Child safety KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Data collection KW - Debris removal KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Laws KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Police traffic services KW - School children KW - Standardization KW - Standards KW - Surveys KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154850 AU - Dunlap, D F AU - Segel, L AU - Preston, F L AU - Cooley, P AU - Brown, B C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE ROLE OF VEHICLE HANDLING IN ACCIDENT CAUSATION. VOLUME II. APPENDICES B, C, D, E PY - 1977/02 SP - 252 p. AB - Contents: Analysis of mass accident data for vehicle handling causative factors; Indirect standardization - an example; Supplemental accident report form for vehicle handling; Supplemental data on relationships between vehicle handling parameters (and indices) and accident descriptors. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Standardization KW - Steering KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154837 AU - Danckert, H AU - Grove, H W AU - SCHMIDT, R AU - Volkswagenwerk AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ENGINEERING MODEL OF FUTURE MOTOR VEHICLES PY - 1977/02 SP - 320 p. AB - The objective of the work performed was to develop a comprehensive engineering model of future motor vehicles which will provide a realistic and uniform basis for developing safety requirements and assessing their future effects. To achieve the objectives a data base handled by a computer program was developed which consists of identified and projected design and performance data related to safety and other areas affecting safety (such as fuel economy requirements). This data base contains pertinent information on current and previous makes and models of the U.S. passenger car population back to 1965. A comprehensive statistical program package such as multiple regression, frequency and distribution functions, etc. was incorporated into the computer program for data evaluation and can be used to determine interdependencies between the variables contained in the data base. A weight-weight interdependency program makes it possible to project vehicle weight caused by planned alterations of certain substructures in order to increase vehicle safety. Using a set of assumptions the data base permits the projection of possible tendencies of future motor vehicles development. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Automobiles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data analysis KW - Databases KW - Design KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Production KW - Production methods KW - Projection KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Weight measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154036 AU - Klein, R H AU - Szostak, H T AU - Hofmann, L G AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF ROADWAY DISTURBANCES ON VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1977/02 SP - 101 p. AB - The document contains supplemental information and data to support the technical findings described in the Volume II report. Specifically, this volume includes a bibliography and abstracts of previous roadway disturbance research, details of roadway disturbance accident data evaluations, descriptions of the test vehicles and instrumentation, and APL/JHU simulation modifications. KW - Bibliographies KW - Data collection KW - Disturbances KW - Field tests KW - Highway safety KW - Instrumentation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Surveys KW - Suspension systems KW - Texture KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154820 AU - Ervin, R D AU - MacAdam, C C AU - WATANABE, Y AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE BRAKING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME III. APPENDICES A, B, C, D, E, F PY - 1977/02 SP - 427 p. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the existing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for Motorcycle Braking Systems and to develop an alternate test methodology which resolves certain shortcomings thereof. Full-scale vehicle tests were conducted, per the existing standard, and the alternate test concept was developed and demonstrated. The study finds that a procedure involving a process of towing the test motorcycle does represent a viable approach suitable for adaptation in a next-generation rule concerning motorcycle braking performance. KW - Braking KW - Evaluation KW - Inspection KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance KW - Regulations KW - Safety engineering KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154060 AU - Ervin, R D AU - MacAdam, C C AU - WATANABE, Y AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE BRAKING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME II. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 121 p. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the existing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for Motorcycle Braking Systems and to develop an alternate test methodology which resolves certain shortcomings thereof. Full-scale vehicle tests were conducted, per the existing standard, and the alternate test concept was developed and demonstrated. The study finds that a procedure involving a process of towing the test motorcycle does represent a viable approach suitable for adaptation in a next-generation rule concerning motorcycle braking performance. KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Evaluation KW - Inspection KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Test procedures KW - Tests KW - Towing devices KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154770 AU - Macuga, R F AU - DuWaldt, F A AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE PROGRAM (PHASE II) - VOLUME III. PRODUCIBILITY STUDIES PY - 1977/02 SP - 250 p. AB - The Research Safety Vehicle (RSV) producibility is investigated in two parts--microproducibility and macroproducibility. Microproducibility is vehicle specific; manufacturing feasibility of the RSV is established by showing how the base vehicle construction sequence could be modified to incorporate RSV features. Corresponding incremental costs to the consumer are developed. Macroproducibility pertains to the broad considerations of passenger car material supply/demand in the future (approximately the next 25 years). Data on overall cumulative supply/demand are reviewed to establish the need for material conservation. The RSV philosophy of designing for material reclamation is explained; vehicle packaging efficiency is presented as a conservation measure. Opportunities for recovery of car materials are quantified; and the potential problems facing the scrap industry are outlined. Shredding experiments designed to support RSV material recovery goals are described. KW - Automobiles KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Estimates KW - Manufacturing KW - Materials KW - Production KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154035 AU - Klein, R H AU - JOHNSON, W A AU - Szostak, H T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF ROADWAY DISTURBANCES ON VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 179 p. AB - The report presents the technical details involved in selecting significant roadway disturbances, determining worst conditions using the APL/JHU hybrid simulation and full scale pilot tests, developing open loop test procedures, and evaluating closed loop test results for meaningful, i.e., safety-related, performance measures. These combined results represent a first step in specifying passenger vehicle stability against, and/or recovery from, roadway disturbance inputs. From a total of 13 candidates representing 4 different classes of roadway disturbances, 3 primary disturbance related maneuvers emerged; these were recovery from a shoulder edge dropoff, turning on high-frequency bumps, and turning on a low-frequency hump. Full scale tests with 4 vehicles and a total of 22 subjects were run on these disturbances to develop test procedures and measures that are sensitive to changes in vehicle characteristics, pertinent to transient and steady state maneuvering, and practical to implement. Tentative disturbance amplitudes are suggested. KW - Bumps KW - Data collection KW - Disturbances KW - Field tests KW - Hybrids KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Road shoulders KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Suspension systems KW - Texture KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154769 AU - MILLER, P M AU - Greene, J E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF CALSPAN/CHRYSLER RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE - PHASE II. VOLUME I PY - 1977/02 SP - 320 p. AB - Major emphasis has been placed on development of crash protection systems, low-speed vehicle damage control, pedestrian injury reduction and occupant protection. Respective systems were designed, developed and tested at the sub-system level. Once acceptable subsystem performance was established, test articles representing the complete crash protection features were fabricated and subjected to a number of system integration tests. Results to date are very encouraging. A high level of crash protection has been provided in a small family type vehicle. The overall design appears to be compatible with Phase I weight (2700 lbs.), producibility and cost targets. Further refinements of the design, anticipated for the subsequent effort, are discussed. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Bumpers KW - Costs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fuel consumption KW - Impact tests KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154028 AU - Ervin, R D AU - MacAdam, C C AU - WATANABE, Y AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE BRAKING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME I. SUMMARY TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 22 p. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate the existing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for Motorcycle Braking Systems and to develop an alternate test methodology which resolves certain shortcomings thereof. Full-scale vehicle tests were conducted, per the existing standard, and the alternate test concept was developed and demonstrated. The study finds that a procedure involving a process of towing the test motorcycle does represent a viable approach suitable for adaptation in a next-generation rule concerning motorcycle braking performance. KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Towing devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154034 AU - Klein, R H AU - JOHNSON, W A AU - Szostak, H T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF ROADWAY DISTURBANCES ON VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 31 p. AB - The report summarizes the development of meaningful test procedures and performance parameters that can be used for evaluating vehicle stability against, and/or recovery from, roadway disturbance inputs. As opposed to previous research, the disturbance selection was based on accident data surveys, survey questionnaire responses, field test evaluations, and simulation results. From these sources three primary disturbances emerged--a shoulder dropoff, high-frequency bumps, and single low-frequency hump. Open loop tests were run with four different vehicles to develop test procedures that reflected worst case conditions and that were sensitive to changes in vehicle characteristics. Closed loop tests were run with naive subjects in order to develop safety related performance measures (in terms of lane exceedance potential) that were sensitive to driver/vehicle response and that could be related to open loop procedures. A plan of action is recommended for applying test procedures and measures to the eventual specification of performance parameters and criteria. KW - Bumps KW - Data collection KW - Disturbances KW - Drilling fluids KW - Field tests KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Road shoulders KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Suspension systems KW - Texture KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154042 AU - Smith, R A AU - Fell, J C AU - Kahane, C J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FY 1977 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL ACCIDENT SAMPLING SYSTEM PY - 1977/02 SP - 47 p. AB - The report presents a summarization of the actions planned in FY 1977, in the National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA), which are directed at the implementation of the National Accident Sampling System (NASS). This system when completed will be a probability sample of approximately 18,000 accidents annually, which have been investigated by accident investigation technicians. The accidents will include passenger vehicles, trucks, motorcycle, bicycle and pedestrian involvements. The report discusses the integration of on-going programs into the NASS framework as well as specific tasks planned for the implementation of NASS. The planning represents the perception of the NCSA in FY 1977 and is subject to revision as experience is gained in the program. Subsequent annual reports on NASS implementation will incorporate such revision. KW - Bicycles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Data sampling KW - Highway safety KW - Information processing KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motorcycles KW - Project management KW - Research KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical sampling KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48877 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154785 AU - Dunlap, D F AU - Segel, L AU - Preston, F L AU - Cooley, P AU - Brown, B C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE ROLE OF VEHICLE HANDLING IN ACCIDENT CAUSATION. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT AND APPENDIX A PY - 1977/02 SP - 267 p. AB - A review of the literature on the role of vehicle handling in accident causation shows that there has been much conjecture regarding the link between vehicle handling and accidents. Little of a defensible nature is apparent other than vehicle size seems to correlate with accident experience. An examination of available mass accident data also shows this apparent size effect as well as some correlations between (1) vehicle track width and rollover accidents, (2) driver age and size of car, (3) size of car and accidents on curves, and (4) driver age and accidents on curves. KW - Age KW - Braking KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Highway curves KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Rollover crashes KW - Safety KW - Size KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154822 AU - Shah, M P AU - Transportation Research Center of Ohio AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 50TH PERCENTILE INTERNATIONAL TEST DUMMIES. VOLUME III PY - 1977/02 SP - 716 p. AB - An experimental program was conducted to gather data on the performance of (4) four International 50th Percentile Test Dummies. Currently available 50th percentile Hybrid II dummy was used as a baseline for comparison purposes. Part 572 static and dynamic tests as well as (39) thirty-nine sled tests in four different configurations were performed. Volume VI of this report presents statistical analysis of the data generated during the sled test program. KW - Anatomical models KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Sleds KW - Static tests KW - Statically determinate frames KW - Statically determinate structure KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154016 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - YIELDING-BARRIER TEST DATA BASE-REFINEMENT OF DAMAGE DATA TABLES IN THE CRASH PROGRAM PY - 1977/02 SP - 58 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of efforts applied to the task of refining the empirical crush coefficients that are applied in the damage analysis portion of the CRASH 2 computer program. The effects of the coefficient changes on reconstruction results for twenty-two staged collision cases are presented and discussed. A special computer program, CRUSH, which was developed to aid in the performance of this research is described. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Breakaway supports KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154025 AU - Brinkley, J W AU - Mohr, G C AU - Russell, H C AU - Cooper, S M AU - Schaffer, J T AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPACT TESTS OF A NEAR-PRODUCTION AIR CUSHION RESTRAINT PY - 1977/02 SP - 398 p. AB - A series of impact tests were accomplished to demonstrate the protection provided by an automotive air bag restraint system for the center and right front passengers. Fifteen young healthy male volunteers were impacted at velocities ranging from 14.9 to 30.8 miles per hour. Impact acceleration-time histories approximated automotive barrier crash profiles. The results of dummy tests preceding human testing are summarized and detailed test data are presented from 33 impact tests with volunteer subjects. Test data are compared with similar data collected during earlier impact tests of a prototype air bag restraint system. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Air bags KW - Automobiles KW - Bags KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Dummies KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Passenger restraints KW - Protection KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154054 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLES: A SUBJECT BIBLIOGRAPHY FROM HIGHWAY SAFETY LITERATURE PY - 1977/02 SP - 164 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to safety of motorcycles on the highway. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bibliographies KW - Brakes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motorcycles KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154781 AU - Tenney, S M AU - Diamond (Harry) Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TOWARDS A LOW COST HIGHLY RELIABLE ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM FOR SMALL MOTORCYCLES PY - 1977/02 SP - 97 p. AB - A study was conducted of an approach to anti-lock braking for motorcycles which utilizes the rate of change of angular acceleration as a feedback signature. The front wheel braking system of a motorcycle has been modelled using computers. This modelling describes the tire as an elastic member of the braking system. The analytical model points out the advantages gained from use of the rate of change of angular acceleration (jerk) as a feedback signature. In addition, the front wheel and brake from a Kawasaki KZ-400 were placed on a drum dynamometer for study. Results substantiate the predictions of the model showing the proper change in slope of wheel angular acceleration. The technology of fluidics is suggested for implementation of the system concept. Two accelerometer concepts are discussed as well as the required circuitry and actuator. Recommendations are made as to the feasibility of each sensor and the concept as a whole. KW - Accelerometers KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Brakes KW - Feedback control KW - Fluidic control devices KW - Fluidics KW - Low costs KW - Motorcycles KW - Reliability KW - Sensors KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154029 AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATIC BRAKE INSPECTION INVESTIGATION. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1977/02 SP - 227 p. AB - This volume is an appendix to volume 2, entitled Final Technical Report and contains a detailed bibliography and summary of all literature surveyed in the conduct of the program. It also contains a report of survey of current automotive brake systems and time study experiment data sheets. KW - Bibliographies KW - Brakes KW - Crash investigation KW - Durability tests KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Studies KW - Traffic safety KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151858 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ON PICKUP TRUCKS USED TO CARRY SLIDE-IN CAMPERS II. VOLUME 16 PY - 1977/01 SP - 150 p. AB - Loading patterns, load capacities and consumer knowledge in these areas were determined for 2,400 vehicles consisting of automobiles towing travel trailers, travel trailers, motor homes, and pickup trucks carrying slide-in campers. This data was compared to results from a previous survey in an effort to determine what improvements were made due to industry and government action. Vehicles were weighed as loaded for traveling and the suspension rating data was obtained from the vehicle manufacturers. The report deals with pickup trucks carrying slide-campers. Separate reports are available which cover motor homes, travel trailers, vehicles towing travel trailers and a summary of travel trailer tongue weight distributions. KW - Instruments for measuring loads or pressure KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Pressure KW - Pressure measurement KW - Suspension systems KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151767 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRUGS AND DRIVING PY - 1977/01 SP - 657p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51671 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00379503 JO - JOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES AU - Ross, H L AU - University of Chicago Press TI - DETERRENCE REGAINED: THE CHESHIRE CONSTABULARY'S "BREATHALYSER BLITZ" (DRUNK DRIVING ENFORCEMENT CAMPAIGN, ENGLAND) PY - 1977/01 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - p. 241-249 AB - Application of interrupted time-series methodology to data collected during the "breathalyser blitz" in Cheshire, England demonstrated that the initial effectiveness of the Road Safety Act of 1967 was revived by the publicized local drunk driving enforcement campaign. The Road Safety Act defined a legal blood alcohol level limit and procedures to follow for demonstration of the offense (breath and blood tests). The Act permitted, but did not require, police to administer breath tests to drivers involved in accidents, violating traffic laws, or suspected of driving under the influence. The Cheshire campaign, on the other hand, required testing in all permissible situations. There was a statistically significant drop in serious and fatal traffic accidents in September 1975, the month of the campaign, compared with periods before and after. There was also a sharp decline in total accidents during drinking hours and an increase during nondrinking hours. There is evidence that the campaign had a residual effect on police decisions to require a breath test. Total tests averaged between 100 and 250 per month through 1974 and early 1975; they reached more than 1600 during the campaign; from October 1975 through March 1976, they varied from 250 to 350 per month. The level of breath testing during the Cheshire blitz was roughly six times the per capita national figure. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Before and after studies KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Breathalyzers KW - Deterrents KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Foreign KW - Governments KW - Safety KW - Traffic law enforcement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151845 AU - Ursell, C R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - California Highway Patrol TI - A STUDY RELATING TO SEAT BELTS FOR USE IN BUSES PY - 1977/01 SP - 135 p. AB - This program involved a study of farm labor buses, school buses and transit buses in and for the state of California with respect to the installation and use of seat belts in these various categories of new and used buses. The study included visits, inspections and in-depth discussions with bus owners, operators, maintenance personnel, seat manufacturers, belt manufacturers, and bus manufacturers for the purpose of including all of the required aspects and viewpoints of bus design (including seats and seat belts), production, fabrication, purchase, operation and maintenance because of the impact of these items on both new and used buses. Research on seat belts in automobiles and aircraft has proven that the entire seating system must be considered as a unit to afford the maximum protection for the passenger. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Buses KW - California KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Fabrication KW - Maintenance KW - Manual safety belts KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Production KW - Purchasing KW - Recommendations KW - School buses KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169274 AU - Eichert, E S AU - Frey, A H AU - Randomline, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HOLOGRAPHY IN DRIVER EDUCATION, TRAINING, TESTING, AND RESEARCH PY - 1977/01 SP - 103 p. AB - This experiment was devised to create a safe, realistic, and economical method to hazard-train student drivers on the roadway. After an extensive literature search of previous experimentation and an analysis of seven possible training methods, a preprototype model of a holographic student training car was constructed and tested. The holographically re-created objects, projected by automobile roof apparatus and displayed on the road by a windshield film, were found to be the safe, realistic, and economical method needed for the hazard training. After success with the holographic preprototype model, additional research will advance holography and a preproduction model should be constructed using the newest research knowledge. KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Economic factors KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards KW - Holography KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Motor reactions KW - Personnel performance KW - Program effectiveness KW - Prototypes KW - Safety KW - Specialized training KW - Students KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57800 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00157214 JO - Traffic Laws Commentary AU - Kearney, E F AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE LAWS ALLOWING DRIVERS TO TURN ON RED LIGHTS PY - 1977/01 VL - 6 IS - 11 SP - 29 p. AB - The laws of 49 states which allows drivers to turn on a steady red light and those of two jurisdictions which do not have a comparable rule are reviewed, and important details about these laws are discussed. It was found that the states differ as to when drivers may turn on a steady red light. It is suggested that state legislatures should adopt the same rules for red lights as the best and most economical way of ensuring safe driving for both local and out-of-state highway users. It has been found that state legislatures respond favorably and quickly when a need for action is documented. The study also found that some laws are poorly drafted and do not protect the rights of pedestrians. Locations which permit a turn on red without stopping, bear watching. The report discusses such aspects as the duty to stop before turning, the duties of turning motorists to yield, and the types of turns allowed in various states. The prohibition of turns, pedestrian crossing on red, and cautious intersection entry are also discussed. KW - Approach lanes KW - Crosswalks KW - Highway safety KW - Intersection approach KW - Intersections KW - Laws KW - Pedestrians KW - Right turn on red KW - State government KW - Stop signs KW - Yield UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/53290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154020 AU - Shah, M P AU - Transportation Research Center of Ohio AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 50TH PERCENTILE INTERNATIONAL TEST DUMMIES. VOLUME I PY - 1977/01 SP - 148 p. AB - An experimental program was conducted to gather data on the performance of (4) four International 50th Percentile Test Dummies. Currently available 50th percentile Hybrid II dummy was used as a baseline for comparison purposes. Part 572 static and dynamic tests as well as (39) thirty-nine sled tests in four different configurations were performed. Volume I of this report presents technical description and summarized results of the sled tests. KW - Anatomical models KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Sleds KW - Static tests KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154053 AU - Flynn, L AU - Edmonds, A AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FUEL ECONOMY PY - 1977/01 SP - 144 p. AB - This bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to fuel economy and the energy crisis in the transportation field. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. A listing of Congressional documents includes House and Senate hearings, reports and acts in the energy field. KW - Abstracts KW - Air pollution abatement KW - Air quality management KW - Automobiles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bibliographies KW - Conservation KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154052 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BRAKES PY - 1977/01 SP - 123 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to brakes in highway vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Brake linings KW - Brakes KW - Disc brakes KW - Highway safety KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Power brakes KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Skid resistance KW - Standards KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154821 AU - Shah, M P AU - Transportation Research Center of Ohio AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 50TH PERCENTILE INTERNATIONAL TEST DUMMIES. VOLUME II PY - 1977/01 SP - 278 p. AB - An experimental program was conducted to gather data on the performance of (4) four International 50th Percentile Test Dummies. Currently available 50th percentile Hybrid II dummy was used as a baseline for comparison purposes. Part 572 static and dynamic tests as well as (39) thirty-nine sled tests in four different configurations were performed. Volume II of this report presents technical description of test procedures employed in performance of Part 572 static and dynamic tests together with the result of these tests. KW - Anatomical models KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Sleds KW - Static tests KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154026 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 8 PY - 1977/01 SP - 218 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants involved (with their injuries), a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Precrash factors KW - Precrash phase KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151841 AU - Hochberg, Y AU - Stutts, J C AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE RANDOMIZED RESPONSE TECHNIQUE: A REVIEW AND APPLICATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 98 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe a relatively new interviewing technique and examine its potential use in the field of highway safety research. This technique, which intends to encourage truthful responses in personal interviews on sensitive issues, is known as the Randomized Response Technique (RRT). After a brief introduction in Chapter I, Chapter II outlines the theoretical development of the technique, from its inception by Warner in 1965. Chapter III presents the results of some of the more pertinent field research, conducted on such topics as illegitimacy, abortion and drug usage, and then Chapter IV describes HSRC's efforts to extend application of the technique in the area of highway safety. From its experience with the RRT, HSRC concludes that much additional field research is needed before the technique can be of any great value to highway safety researchers. KW - Evaluation KW - Interviewing KW - Methodology KW - Randomization KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151823 AU - Bonelli, C AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE SEAT BACK LATCH SYSTEMS: EVALUATION AND TESTING PY - 1977/01 SP - 115 p. AB - The program was designed to support rulemaking activity on Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 207 and was conducted to document the state-of-the-art in seat back latch design and performance. Operability of the seat back latch with the seat back under load is a prime consideration in emergency egress from the rear seat. The program consisted of (1) measuring latch control release forces with each seat back under load, (2) testing an inertial seat latch in various dynamic modes to determine its function and operation, and (3) conducting a human factors evaluation of representative seat back latches using a panel of 42 nonautomotive oriented respondents. KW - Automobiles KW - Control devices KW - Control equipments KW - Design standards KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Loads KW - Locks (Fasteners) KW - Motor vehicles KW - Release mechanisms KW - Requirement KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151713 AU - Jones, R K AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Mid-America Research Institute, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING MATERIALS FOR TRAFFIC COURT ADMINISTRATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 57 p. AB - Activities performed in developing a training program for state personnel involved in the traffic case adjudication process are described. The program developed employs small-group learning techniques in a seminar setting. Participants in the program are key personnel in agencies directly and indirectly involved in traffic case adjudication. The seminar is designed to help these participants identify critical problems in their state's traffic case adjudication system and to develop action plans for overcoming those problems. The results of a pilot test of the program indicate that the approach is feasible but that further testing is required to determine its applicability to the wide range of needs that exists in the various states. KW - Adjudication KW - Administration KW - Courts KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Instructional materials KW - Laws KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Meetings KW - Personnel management KW - Requirement KW - Specialized training KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151754 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 9 PY - 1977/01 SP - 206 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47858 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151768 AU - JOSCELYN, K B AU - Maickel, R P AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRUGS AND DRIVING: REPORT OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM PY - 1977/01 SP - 232 p. AB - The report presents the proceedings of a Symposium on Drugs (other than alcohol) and Driving. Speaker's papers and work session summaries are included. Major topics include: Overview of Problem, Risk Identification, Drug Measurement in Biological Materials, Measurement of Drug Effects on Driver Behavior, Legal and Practical Constraints on Drug/Driving Research, and Recommendations for Future Research and Countermeasures. The report summarizes the discussions of 30 leading researchers and practitioners who met to review existing research findings about the drug/driving problem. On the basis of current knowledge suggestions for research efforts and countermeasure actions are made. KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Drug therapy KW - Drug tolerance KW - Drug use KW - Drugs KW - Hazards KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Legal factors KW - Meetings KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Therapy KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151769 AU - JOSCELYN, K B AU - Maickel, R P AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRUGS AND DRIVING: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/01 SP - 316 p. AB - The report presents a selected bibliography on drugs (other than alcohol alone) and driving. Appendices contain a Topical Index, a Title Index, an Author Index, and Abstracts of over 600 articles. Scientific, technical and selected general literature dealing with the effects of drugs on driving behavior are included. Literature that presents drug effects on behavior related to driving is also included. Materials that present legal constraints on drug/driving research and countermeasure programs are listed. KW - Abstracts KW - Behavior KW - Bibliographies KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Drug therapy KW - Drug tolerance KW - Drug use KW - Drugs KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Legal factors KW - Meetings KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Therapy KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151772 AU - Tritsch, A A AU - Kumbar, A H AU - American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPARATIVE DATA AND ANALYSIS IN STATE MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 147 p. AB - The study is a compilation of activities performed by motor vehicle departments and departments of public safety concerned with motor vehicle administration, in the United States and Canada. This study pertains primarily to licensing and control of the driver and contains information, not heretofore published, on the following: Instruction Permits, Initial and Renewal Licensing, Road Testing, the Driver Examiner, Driver Improvement, Medical Advisory Boards, and motor vehicle administration practices. The study is designed to provide ready reference to persons concerned with the driver control management system as to the present state-of-the-art, in those states and provinces that responded to the survey sent to them. The study is based on information supplied by the states and provinces. KW - Administration KW - Canada KW - Driver license renewal KW - Driver licensing KW - Driving instructors KW - Federal government KW - Foreign KW - Government policies KW - Highway safety KW - Licensing KW - Medical advisory boards KW - Motor vehicles KW - Policy KW - Road tests KW - State government KW - State of the art studies KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151755 AU - Hause, J AU - Matheson, D AU - Hannon, R AU - Chavez, E AU - Stockton Police Department AU - University of the Pacific AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INCREASED D. U. I. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM. STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA PROJECT EVALUATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 99 p. AB - The report concerns the evaluation of the first six-month operational phase of the Increased DUI Enforcement Demonstration Project in Stockton, California. The DUI Enforcement Program involves the use of varying levels of personnel specifically for the purpose of detecting and apprehending persons driving under the influence of intoxicants. A team of ten officers was assigned to saturate operational Area B for six months. Their effect on alcohol-related accidents, BAC levels of drivers and street crimes during experimental times was evaluated and compared to other times of the day, to the control area and to baseline years. As might be expected, our DUI arrest rate per officer increased over previous years. A study of the data indicates there was a significant decrease in total collisions in Areas A and B summed together. Further, the results show the Traffic Task Force did impact Area B in the reduction of DUI collisions and total collisions. There were, however, no significant changes in the BAC levels or street crime arrests when compared to baseline years. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Arrests KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Blood pressure KW - California KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crimes KW - Data analysis KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Human factors engineering KW - Law enforcement KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151753 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 7 PY - 1977/01 SP - 422 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151770 AU - JOSCELYN, K B AU - Maickel, R P AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRUGS AND DRIVING: A RESEARCH REVIEW PY - 1977/01 SP - 109 p. AB - The report presents the results of a study of the relationship between drugs (other than alcohol alone) and highway safety. The state of the art of current research is examined. Conclusions and recommendations for future action and research are made. Topics examined include epidemiological studies, experimental studies, analytical methods for measurement of drug presence, measurement of drug effects on behavior, and legal constraints on drug/driving research and countermeasure development. KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Drug therapy KW - Drug tolerance KW - Drug use KW - Drugs KW - Epidemiology KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Legal factors KW - Meetings KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Therapy KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25443/DOT-HS-802-189.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47871 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151718 AU - Segal, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE ROLLOVER TEST PROCEDURE - COMPUTER EVALUATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 36 p. AB - The study was performed to investigate the causes of response variability in vehicle rollover testing with ramps and other devices. The Highway-Vehicle-Object Simulation Model was used to simulate three vehicles and five rollover inducing devices. Results of the study indicate that variation of vehicle suspension characteristics can significantly influence vehicle response to a given rollover device but that it should be possible to design a device that will minimize the response variability. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Ramps KW - Research KW - Rollover crashes KW - Simulation KW - Suspension systems KW - Suspensions KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle responses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151758 AU - May, G W AU - BAKER, W E AU - New Mexico Accident Study Program AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF ALCOHOL-RELATED ACCIDENTS PY - 1977/01 SP - 552 p. AB - The document is the final report of a two-year research effort performed during the period between July, 1972 and September, 1974, in Bernalillo County, New Mexico. The research was designed for a trilevel approach, and included samples of both fatal and nonfatal accidents. Level I was a compilation of police-reported data on about 3000 alcohol-related accidents. Level II was a sample of 220 of the more severe Level I accidents which were individually investigated. Human, environmental, and vehicle data were gathered and analyzed. A human profile was derived on the basis of the demographic descriptors and alcohol use diagnosis. Level III was a sample of 15 MDAI cases selected from Level II which were reported in individual case reports during the contract period. The objectives of this level were to establish in-depth casuality, vehicle crashworthiness and driver personality factors. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Casualties KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New Mexico KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Research KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47861 ER - TY - SER AN - 01120139 JO - VHTRC ; AU - Lynn, Cheryl AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Highway Safety Division TI - Drinking-driving attitudes, knowledge and behavior : an analysis of the first four telephone surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project PY - 1977 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) ; AB - Four telephone surveys were conducted for the Fairfax ASAP in June and December of 1975 and 1976. During each, 500 ASAP area residents randomly selected from the Northern Virginia phone book were called and were interviewed using standard questionnaires. Differences between survey results were examined through the analysis of individual items and through the construction of five composite scales. The factors assessed by these scales included alcohol experience, alcohol related behavior, alcohol knowledge, alcohol awareness, and attitudes toward bystander intervention. The four samples were similar demographically except for an increase in the representation of single, student age respondents available to be interviewed in the June surveys. There were relatively few differences between responses to the June and December 1976 surveys. The most recent responses were different in some cases from those encountered in the 1975 telephone surveys and in the 1974 household survey. There was significantly less self-reported drinking and driving by respondents in 1976 than in 1974. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobile drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Surveys KW - Virginia UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/77-r52.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070589 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Average fuel economy standards for nonpassenger automobiles, model years 1980-1981 : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070587 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Motor vehicle occupant crash protection, Proposed rulemaking : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft, Revised draft, Final; Supplemental inflation impact evaluation B1 KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070586 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Passenger automobile average fuel economy, model years 1981-1984, Proposed rulemaking : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070585 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Average fuel economy standard for nonpassenger automobiles, model year 1979 : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169287 AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY STATUS DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY PY - 1977 SP - 584p-in 6v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00889722 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL TRAINING COURSE, EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN, PARAMEDIC, INSTRUCTOR'S LESSON PLANS: MODULE X, MEDICAL EMERGENCIES.. PY - 1977 IS - 050-003-00289-5 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Emergency medical services KW - Handbooks KW - Manuals KW - Paramedical education KW - Paramedics KW - Training KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/579770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721374 AU - Schmidt, D H AU - Tichenor, F E AU - Nebraska Department of Education TI - ADVANCED DRIVING TECHNIQUES PY - 1977 SP - 58 p. AB - The physical phenomena which govern vehicle handling and control are extremely complex and, therefore, beyond the level of knowledge which is to be expected or necessary for the average driver or driver educator. However, certain basic physical principles are vital if one is to understand why his vehicle reacts in the manner it does in certain emergency situations. This report discusses these basic principles in general, in simplified form, and then a detailed discussion is provided for each exercise along with other pertinent student preparation material. The exercises cover the following: Skid Control; Serpentine Course; Evasive Maneuvering; Controlled Braking; Off-Road Recovery; and Blowouts. The final section of this report is devoted to the knowledge and basic skills needed for towing trailers. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Blowouts KW - Braking KW - Driver education KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Handling characteristics KW - Knowledge KW - Motor skills KW - Off-road recovery KW - Skid control KW - Skid resistance KW - Towing devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00426959 AU - Segal, D J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE ROLLOVER TEST PROCEDURE: COMPUTER EVALUATION PY - 1977 SP - 27 p. AB - No abstract provided. KW - Automobiles KW - Crashworthiness KW - Rollover crashes KW - Suspension systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/240566 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00453152 JO - Talanta PB - Pergamon Press, Incorporated AU - Pierce, S K AU - Gearhart, H L AU - Payne-Bose, D AU - Pergamon Press, Incorporated TI - THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BREATH AND URINE FOR ORGANIC COMPONENTS WITH CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW PY - 1977 VL - 24 SP - p. 473-481 AB - Urine and breath are two obvious choices from the body fluids and effluents for analysis; their collection does not require the disruption of any bodily processes and avoids the possibility that the trauma associated with collection (e.g., of blood or similar samples) may influence the substituents present. Following a brief history of urine and breath analysis, a discussion is presented on methods for analysis. These include liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The most advanced as well as the most common form of breath analysis to date is probably the test for ethyl alcohol. The advantages and difficulties encountered in breath analysis are discussed. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Gas chromatography KW - History KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Urine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399232 AU - Hutson, T AU - Motor Industry Research Association TI - THE QUINTON HAZELL REAR UNDER-RIDE GUARD: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CRASH TEST PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCTION MODEL PY - 1977 SP - 21 p. AB - Performance of the Quinton Hazell energy-absorbing rear under-ride guard was assessed, as mounted on a commercial vehicle impacted by a typical passenger vehicle. The impact test was carried out at high speed (49km/h) to investigate the prospects of survival both from the ability of the occupants to sustain a certain degree of deceleration and from the rear under-run aspect. The impact test showed clearly the effectiveness of the under-ride guard in preventing intrusion of the passenger compartment by the commercial vehicle. The dummy occupants were shown to have received survivable deceleration levels. The hydraulic devices used in an energy-absorbing guard have the ability to provide optimum ride-down characteristic for a vehicle in a typical rear under-ride accident. KW - Effectiveness KW - Impact tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance tests KW - Underride guards KW - Underride override crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395877 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - 1976 ACCIDENTS OF MOTOR CARRIERS OF PROPERTY PY - 1977 SP - 74 p. AB - Statistical data are presented on all 1976 motor-carrier accidents involving interstate, foreign, or intrastate operations which resulted in a death of a human being, or bodily injury requiring medical treatment away from the scene, or total property damage aggregating $2000 or more (either actual or estimated costs). Tables and graphs are arranged according to the following scheme: statistical summary, geographic summary; who (carrier, personnel and trip involvement); what (vehicle and cargo information), where (location and roadway environment); when (coincidental environment); and how (the accident itself). KW - Crashes KW - Motor carriers KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393721 AU - Applied Management Corporation TI - WYOMING EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FY (FISCAL YEAR) '76 FINAL EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1977 SP - 98 p. AB - Impact, performance, structural, and compliance evaluations were made of the Wyoming emergency Medical Service (EMS) System for fiscal year 1976. Based on limited data, the Wyoming EMS program was found to have had a profound impact in reducing fatalities and disabilities related to emergencies. Training accomplishments during FY 1976 included: 486 new emergency medical technicians, over 30 rural physicians in emergency medicine short course, 200 first responders and ambulance personnel in auto extrication courses, and 43 instructors, 157 basic rescuers, and 33 elementary rescuers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pilot testing involved a curriculum for emergency department nurses and a standardized ambulance report form. A plan for EMS communications in the grant area, a framework for categorization by hospitals, and uniform transfer agreements were developed. Coronary care capabilities of three hospitals were improved by purchasing defibrillation units, and microfiche poison control systems were installed in five hospitals. EMS Councils were organized in all six grant counties, and a newsletter was produced by the Wyoming Ambulance Association. Recommendations for improved Wyoming EMS program include training of first responders, especially law enforcement officers; development of a strategy for promoting ambulance licensure, and a comprehensive plan for patient movement; feasibility studies of a high-risk infant nursery at one Cheyenne hospital and remote cardiac monitoring units in rural hospitals; strengthening the role of the Wyoming EMS Advisory Council, and Recordkeeping and Evaluation System; purchase of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences by the Wyoming Central Data Services; emphasis on access to the EMS system by the Public Education and Information Program; and more physician input into the EMS program. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Improvements KW - Programs KW - Recommendations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394075 AU - Adams, G H AU - National Technical Information Service TI - AUTOMOBILE IMPACT TESTS. VOL. 1. 1964-1972. A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS PY - 1977 SP - 126 p. AB - This annotated bibliography covers test results on crashworthiness and safety of passenger vehicles upon impact with stationary structures, other vehicles, median berms, and curbs. Anthropomorphic tests, computerized simulations, mathematical models, and scale model studies are included, while individual reports on air bag restraints and bumper tests are excluded. Citations refer to specified automobile makes in a number of cases. The bibliography contains 121 entries. KW - Automobiles KW - Bibliographies KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Impact tests KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390959 AU - National Safety Council TI - ACCIDENT FACTS. 1977 EDITION PY - 1977 SP - 99 p. AB - Statistics are compiled of deaths and disabling injuries incurred in all 1977 accidents (costs, types of accidents, trends in death rates), and in accidents at work and in motor vehicles, public accidents, and accidents at home, farm, or school (including school bus accidents). A disabling injury is defined as one which results in death, some degree of permanent impairment, or renders the injured person unable to perform his regular activities for a full day after the day of the injury (American National Standards Institute Standard Z16.1-1967, revised 1973). KW - Accident costs KW - Costs KW - Crash types KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386862 AU - Robertson, L S AU - Insurance Institute for Highway Safety TI - AUTO INDUSTRY BELT USE CAMPAIGN FAILS PY - 1977 SP - 6 p. AB - The results of a mass media campaign in Grand Rapids, Michigan, when compared with those of similar studies in other metropolitan areas, indicate that persuasion is ineffective in increasing or sustaining safetybelt use. Postcampaign testing in Grand Rapids showed that only 13% of drivers used belts, a rate even lower than in other metropolitan areas. The studies indicated that belt use tends to be lower in smaller cities, and tends to be remarkably lower than that claimed by vehicle occupants. KW - Effectiveness KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mass media KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Publicity KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361180 AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SPECIAL STUDY. COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN COLLISIONS INVOLVING VEHICLES PARKED OR STOPPED ON HIGHWAY SHOULDERS PY - 1977 SP - 22 p. AB - This is a pilot study of In-Depth Accident Reports involving commercial and noncommercial vehicles parked on highway shoulders. It covers accidents investigated by the Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety during 9 calendar years (1967 through 1975). FHWA's field staff conducted in-depth accident investigations of 2,006 (.5%) of the 400,000 accident reports filed in this time period. Fifty eight (3%) of these 2,006 accidents involved commercial and/or non-commercial vehicles stopped on highway shoulders. These accidents resulted in 105 fatalities and 199 injuries. Forty seven of the accidents occurred on Interstate highways, 8 on U.S. highways, and three on State routes and city streets. Fifty two were rear-end collisions which resulted in ninety two fatalities. A truck collided with a car in thirty of the accidents, resulting in fifty six fatalities. The initial cause of the accident was dozing at the wheel in thirty one reports (thirty commercial drivers) which resulted in sixty three of the fatalities. KW - All terrain vehicles KW - Commercial vehicles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crash reports KW - Crash severity KW - Crash types KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Rear end crashes KW - Shoulder accidents KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197668 AU - Krenek, R F AU - Oklahoma City Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SHORT TERM REHABILITATION. ANALYTIC STUDY NO. V/VI PY - 1977 SP - 124 p. AB - The report describes the preliminary results of a controlled study of the effects of punitive sanctions and group therapy on the subsequent behavior of individuals arrested for Driving under the Influence of Alcohol (DUI) in Oklahoma City during the period April, 1975 through June, 1976. Quasi-random assignments of 402 individuals convicted of DUI were made to four treatment groups which represented control, punitive, rehabilitation and a combination of rehabilitation and punitive efforts. Initial, six and twelve-month (post-initial) personal interviews and driver record checks were conducted to determine DUI recidivism rates, accidents, and short-term life style changes of the study participants. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Demographics KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Group therapy KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Oklahoma KW - Penalties KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Psychotherapy KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Therapy KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197349 AU - Weiss, A C AU - New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT, SECTION II PY - 1977 SP - 98 p. AB - The summary is intended to illustrate the history of the New Orleans Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) which began operation in January 1972 and terminated (under federal funding) operation in December 1976. This project was designed to solve, or considerably improve, the drunk driving problem. This was achieved through a series of countermeasures in the areas of Enforcement, Rehabilitation, Judicial and Public Information and Education. The major emphasis of the project was placed on the arrest, prosecution, conviction and rehabilitation of the problem drinker who drives and the education of the social drinker who drives as to how alcohol affects driving ability. It will also point out the project's impact on other agencies and area, as well as plans for continued operation following the termination of federal funding. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drug abuse KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Louisiana KW - Mass communication KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159002 AU - Cerrelli, E C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY CONSEQUENCES OF RAISING THE NATIONAL SPEED LIMIT FROM 55 MPH TO 60 MPH PY - 1977 SP - 68 p. AB - The report estimates the increase in the number of motor vehicle accidents, injuries and fatalities that would result from an increase in the national speed limit to 60 mph. The report makes use of available travel and accident statistics, adopts previously identified relationships between travel speeds and accidents, and relies on a stated set of assumptions. The major conclusion of the report is that raising the speed limit to 60 mph will result in an increase of approximately 3500 fatalities per year, thus offsetting most of the safety benefits experienced under the 55 mph speed limit. The report provides estimates for the year 1977, which was selected solely for the purpose of exercising the model. However, the same model can be utilized in a similar fashion to arrive at estimates for any future year for which both traffic and safety conditions can be forecasted. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Estimates KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Projection KW - Research KW - Speed KW - Speed limits KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174723 AU - Adams, J W AU - Kanda, M AU - Shafer, J AU - Wu, Y AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEAR-FIELD ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH LEVELS OF EM ENVIRONMENTS APPLICABLE TO AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS PY - 1977 SP - 8 p. AB - As the number of electronic systems used on vehicles increases, the need to know the electromagnetic environment in and around these vehicles increases. This knowledge becomes basic information needed by system designers to avoid electronic system failures. Results of electric field strength measurements are reported for the near-field inside and outside of a passenger vehicle and of a tractor-trailer vehicle. These measurements were made with all common combinations of mobile transmitters and antennas. The rf transmitting sources used the maximum legal output power (110 W) at 40, 162, and 416 MHz, and nominal 100 watt power levels in the HF band (3 to 30 MHz). Illegal power levels (about 100 watts) of CB transmissions at 27 MHz were used through a special authorization by the Interagency Radio Advisory Committee (IRAC). KW - Antennas KW - Automobiles KW - Electric fields KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetism KW - Electronic equipment KW - Electronics KW - Field strength KW - Ground vehicles KW - High frequency KW - Measurement KW - Medium frequencies KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Radio transmitters KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Truck tractors KW - Ultrahigh frequencies KW - Ultrahigh frequency KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181399 AU - Forman, T H AU - Finigian, M AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MANUAL BRAKE INSPECTION PROCEDURES. VOLUME II. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/12/20 SP - 204 p. AB - This program investigated performance and nonperformance brake inspections with the object of replacing the current method for performing these inspections with less expensive ways, more suitable for small garages. The performance part of the program culminated in the construction of a torsion bar dynamometer that can meet all legislated requirements for VIU performance inspections, previously only possible on machines of more costly design. The nonperformance investigation resulted in the identification of recommended nonperformance inspection items. KW - Bars (Building materials) KW - Brakes KW - Costs KW - Dynamometers KW - Inspection KW - Mechanical tests KW - Micrometers KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Torque KW - Torquemeters KW - Torsion KW - Torsion bars KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01082973 AU - Faigin, Barbara Moyer AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - 1975 Societal Costs of Motor Vehicle Accidents PY - 1976/12 SP - 40p AB - Motor vehicle accidents result in significant costs to individuals and to society at large. This report, which is an update and revision of a societal cost study published in 1972, presents estimates of societal costs through quantification of societal loss components. The purpose of this study is to assess some basic losses to society from motor vehicle accidents. Measurable cost components are identified to provide some indication of the scope of the human problem. However, the total of individual cost estimates of accidents should not be interpreted as the value placed on a life or as the total cost of a fatality or injury to society. Neither is it the total amount that society is willing to spend to save a life or to prevent an injury. Rather, the cost components and the total of these components are indicators of the significance of the motor vehicle accident problem. The basic concept of societal loss is a decrease in individual and group welfare. Societal welfare is, in general terms, the sum total of individual well-being; and, in specific terms, it includes levels of health, production of goods and services (both qualitative and quantitative), personal satisfaction and happiness, and physical comfort. The concept goes beyond economic welfare. Precise specification of societal welfare would require determination of a consistent ordering of individual values and probably will never be specified in totality. In addition, quantification is not possible on all factors. The broad concept of societal welfare just described is embraced in this study with the recognition that all factors cannot be identified or measured. KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic impacts KW - Externalities KW - Fatalities KW - Health KW - Injuries KW - Productivity KW - Social impacts KW - Societal welfare KW - Traffic crashes KW - Well being UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25400/DOT-HS-802-1119.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151251 AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON TRUCK AND BUS HANDLING PY - 1976/12 SP - 915p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192242 AU - Clark, S G AU - Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways TI - DAYTIME ROADSIDE SURVEY: A DESCRIPTION OF DAYTIME DRIVING AND DRINKING PATTERNS PY - 1976/12 SP - 46 p. AB - Some data indicated importance of studying patterns of drinking and driving during the afternoon hours. A Roadside Survey was conducted between June 2 and June 8, 1976. During the hours of 12:30 p.m. and 5:30 p.m., drivers were sampled at 14 locations throughout the ASAP jurisdiction. Five hundred and five (505) drivers participated. Only 31 were found to have positive BACs. No evidence supported the hypothesis that more women were drinking and driving during the daytime. Demographic variables, levels of knowledge about drinking and driving and reports of occurrence of drinking driving situations corresponded closely to previous nighttime surveys in the area. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Data collection KW - Daylight KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175553 AU - Struble, D AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE - PHASE II. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1976/12 SP - 25 p. AB - Volume I summarizes the results of the Minicars Research Safety Vehicle Phase II program, as detailed in Volumes II and III. Phase I identified trends leading to the desired national social goals of the mid-1980's in vehicle crashworthiness, crash avoidance, damageability, pedestrian safety, fuel economy, emissions and cost, and characterized an RSV to satisfy them. In Phase II an RSV prototype was designed, developed and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of meeting these goals simultaneously. Although further refinement is necessary to assure operational validity, in all categories the results meet or exceed the most advanced performance specified by The Presidential Task Force on Motor Vehicle Goals beyond 1980. KW - Automobiles KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashworthiness KW - Durability KW - Estimates KW - Exhaust gases KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fuel consumption KW - Model tests KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pollutants KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00156181 AU - FAIGIN, B M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOCIETAL COSTS OF MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS PY - 1976/12 SP - 34 p. AB - Some basic lossses to society from motor vehicle accidents are assessed, and measurable cost components are identifed to provide some indication of the scope of the human problem. The study derives cost estimates that adequately reflect certain losses to society. For the purposes of estimating costs in this study, the Abreviated Injury Scale is based on life threatening criteria rather than on cost based criteria. The basic societal cost components are explained in the context of two criteria for component identification: resources devoted to accidents, and production losses. Sufficient detail is presented in the calculation of each component to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the estimates. The following costs are covered: production, medical, funeral, losses to others, legal courts, insurance, accident investigation, vehicle damage, traffic delay, property damage, and non-quantified costs. KW - Accident costs KW - Calculation KW - Computation KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Insurance KW - Legal factors KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151831 AU - WILSON, L AU - Automated Sciences Group, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE INSPECTION PROGRAM EVALUATION AND DATA ANALYSIS. VOLUME III. DATA BASE E SPSS FREQUENCIES TABULATIONS FOR BRAKE COMPONENTS AND EXPLANATORY VARIABLES PY - 1976/12 SP - 310 p. AB - During 1972-1973 NHTSA conducted a survey of the condition of 10003 in use automobiles. This data was collected in six different states (California, Texas, Missouri, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Maryland) having different types of motor vehicle inspection programs. The objective of the survey was to evaluate the effect of these inspection program differences on the condition of in use vehicles. This report contains frequency tabulations of survey results for the vehicle brake components and explanatory variables. The tabulations were computed using the SPSS program. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - California KW - Components KW - Computer programs KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Differences KW - Drivers KW - Illinois KW - Incentives KW - Inspection KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintenance KW - Maryland KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Missouri KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Time KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151744 AU - Benjamin, F B AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS/MEDICAL FACTORS RELATED TO HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1976/12 SP - 135 p. AB - Compiled in two sections, this bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to human and medical aspects of highway safety. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Documents KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Technical reports KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151215 AU - Gordon, S AU - Kondo, A AU - Breedon, D AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS IN IMPROVED RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1976/12 SP - 65 p. AB - Six occupant restraint systems (both current production and prototype) were evaluated in terms of comfort and convenience by 30 subjects. Questions were asked concerning particular problem areas as well as overall system comparisons. A new paired comparison statistical procedure was developed that considers each subject as an independent control factor and, therefore, eliminated personal bias. The modified Seville was significantly better than the other systems. The modified Volare, standard Volare, and Impala rated in the upper to middle category. The Rabbit and Chevette ranked as the worst systems tested. Smoothness, repeatability, and comfortable tension in the shoulder belt retractor appeared to be the most important factors influencing comfort and convenience. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Comfort KW - Convenience KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maneuverability KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Occupant restraint KW - Questionnaires KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety engineering KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses KW - Smoothness UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151253 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Gupta, R K AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON TRUCK AND BUS HANDLING. APPENDIX C. VOLUME II PY - 1976/12 SP - 497 p. AB - The appendix contains a complete listing of all the tire traction data. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Road tests KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Stiffness KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Trucks KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151255 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Gupta, R K AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON TRUCK AND BUS HANDLING. VOLUME IV PY - 1976/12 SP - 29 p. AB - ;Contents: Introduction to the methodology; Methods employed to measure tire traction properties; Methods employed to conduct vehicle tests; Simulation of tire/vehicle behavior; Conclusions and recommendations. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Road tests KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Stiffness KW - Test procedures KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Trucks KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151242 AU - Hatch, W AU - DeArmon, J AU - Louie, C AU - Automated Sciences Group, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE INSPECTION PROGRAM EVALUATION AND DATA ANALYSIS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/12 SP - 85 p. AB - During the period 1972-1973, NHTSA conducted a vehicle condition survey covering 10,003 vehicles in 6 states. A summary description of this survey is presented in Section 2. ASGI has been responsible for the performance of a comprehensive statistical analysis of this survey data. The primary objective of this analysis was to determine if state motor vehicle inspection policy (MVIP) is a significant factor influencing in-use vehicle condition and to estimate the magnitude of this influence. The overall analysis results indicate that state MVIP does reduce vehicle component outages. Furthermore, a rigorous (i.e. many components inspected) semiannual inspection program as in Pennsylvania produces lower component outage rates than in the annual MVIP survey states (Missouri and Texas) and the random MVIP state (California). KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Failure KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pennsylvania KW - Policy KW - Regression analysis KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151252 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Gupta, R K AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON TRUCK AND BUS HANDLING. VOLUME I PY - 1976/12 SP - 222 p. AB - The project identifies the importance of tire traction properties of truck tires in order to determine the steering and braking response of light and heavy commercial vehicles. Tire tests on a large sample of light and heavy truck tires were conducted using two laboratory and one over-the-road tire test device. A computerized simulation study providing a mechanistic understanding of the response sensitivity of the open-loop vehicle to tire properties was conducted. Full-scale vehicle tests permitted validation of the simulation as reinforcement to the basic findings obtained through computerized analysis. Findings of the study include significant differences in the qualitative performance characteristics of truck tires relative to passenger car tires, and the manner in which these unique truck tire properties may affect the yaw stability of the commercial vehicle. Potential problems of vehicle stability were illustrated by a rollover incident which occurred during testing of a heavy truck. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Road tests KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Simulation KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Steering control KW - Stiffness KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Trucks KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151254 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Gupta, R K AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON TRUCK AND BUS HANDLING. VOLUME III. APPENDICES D, E, F, G PY - 1976/12 SP - 167 p. AB - ;Contents: Appendix D - Vehicle test procedures; Appendix E - Data from full-scale vehicle tests; Appendix F - APL simulation results; Appendix G - A rollover incident which occurred during testing of a heavy truck. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Data KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Road tests KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Rollover crashes KW - Simulation KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Stiffness KW - Test procedures KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Trucks KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151241 AU - Hatch, W AU - DeArmon, J AU - Louie, C AU - Automated Sciences Group, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE INSPECTION PROGRAM EVALUATION AND DATA ANALYSIS. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/12 SP - 21 p. AB - During the period 1972-1973, NHTSA conducted a vehicle condition survey covering 10,003 vehicles in 6 states. Under contracts DOT-HS-5-01162 and DOT-HS-6-01338, ASGI has been responsible for the performance of a comprehensive statistical analysis of this survey data. The primary objective of this analysis was to determine if state motor vehicle inspection (MVIP) is a significant factor influencing in-use vehicle condition and to estimate the magnitude of this influence. Overall the analysis results indicated that state MVIP does reduce vehicle component outages. Furthermore, a rigorous (i.e. many components inspected) semiannual inspection program as in Pennsylvania produces lower component outage rates than in the annual MVIP survey states (Missouri and Texas) and the random MVIP state (California). KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Failure KW - Inspection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pennsylvania KW - Policy KW - Regression analysis KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151153 AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Winkler, C B AU - Campbell, J D AU - Gupta, R K AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAILER BRAKE PERFORMANCE PY - 1976/11 SP - 29 p. AB - The goals of the research project were threefold, namely, (1) to elucidate the mechanics of combination-vehicle braking (where combination vehicles refers to passenger car-trailer and pickup truck-trailer combination vehicles), (2) to structure a rationale for measuring trailer braking properties, and (3) to formulate a set of guidelines by which tow and trailing vehicles can be properly matched to provide acceptable combination-vehicle braking performance. The report describes analytical and empirical work aimed toward attaining these goals, including parameter sensitivity studies employing digital computer simulation and full-scale track testing of five tow vehicles and five trailers. Parameter measurements of the test trailers were also included. KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Guidelines KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Towed vehicles KW - Towing vehicles KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147360 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REPORT OF THE EVALUATIVE COPY TEST OF A NEW NHTSA COMMERCIAL SLEEPING MAN: 60 PY - 1976/11 SP - 43 p. AB - As part of an ongoing program of research to evaluate the effectiveness of NHTSA's commercials, copy tests were conducted prior to the release of the previous two character representations in a commercial -- which were Bartender and Teddy. As a result of that test, NHTSA was able to determine the ability of these commercials to effectively educate and persuade those target respondents who were exposed to the commercials. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Broadcasting KW - California KW - Evaluation KW - Illinois KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New York (State) KW - Persuasion (Psychology) KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Research management KW - Safety KW - Television KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166460 AU - Reaser, J M AU - McBride, R S AU - Rosen, T AU - Rimm, M AU - Human Resources Research Organization International, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN DRIVER EDUCATION PY - 1976/11 SP - 259 p. AB - A driver education program (PAIRED Program) which integrated professional in-class instruction with parent-supervised on-road driving practice was developed in this project. Instructional materials (Parent Handbook, Implementation Guide for Instructors, and Instructional Cards) were developed to supply the necessary tools of instruction. The program was introduced in a pilot test in three schools--an affluent suburban school, a middle-class urban school, and an inner-city urban school. The program was planned in two levels--model program (MP) (full parent participation including meetings with driver education instructors) and materials-only (MO) program. Due to the limited response on the part of parents in the urban schools, the MP was implemented only in the suburban school. The MO program was implemented in the suburban school and the urban schools. The primary difficulty was gaining the initial cooperation and participation of the parents. KW - Adolescents KW - Adults KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cooperation KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Families KW - Human factors KW - Instructional materials KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public participation KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Suburbs KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151832 AU - CLARK, S K AU - DODGE, R N AU - Lee, D W AU - Luchini, J R AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROOF PRESSURE EVALUATION OF WORN PASSENGER CAR TIRE CARCASSES PY - 1976/11 SP - 56 p. AB - Test work is described that examines the value of hydrostatic proof pressure testing in screening worn tire carcasses before retreading. Results are given from dynamometer wheel tests on a significant sample of retreaded passenger car tires. Each sample unit consisted of a pair of tires, one of which was hydrostatically pressurized to approximately 75% of the mean burst pressure before testing. There is evidence from the tests that the pressurization is neither beneficial nor harmful to the subsequent tire durability. Acoustic emission, pressure, pressure rate and volume were also recorded as functions of time from a large sample of worn passenger car tires during hydrostatic pressurization. Correlation studies between these data and the carcass condition show no simple relationships between structural flaws and these recorded variables. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Automobiles KW - Burst strength KW - Burst tests KW - Dynamometers KW - Hydrostatic pressure KW - Hydrostatic tests KW - Hydrostatics KW - Retreaded tires KW - Service life KW - Strength of materials KW - Tests KW - Tires KW - Volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151231 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME II-PART I. TEST METHODOLOGY PY - 1976/11 SP - 301 p. AB - ;Contents: Survey of tire parameters and their influence on vehicle handling; Selection of a representative tire sample; TIRF/road correlation study; Tire computer model functions; Test program; TIRF test techniques. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test procedures KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151233 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME IV-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 488 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151235 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME VI-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 483 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151237 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME VIII-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 438 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151230 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1976/11 SP - 27 p. AB - The objective of the study was to generate a comprehensive body of the major force and moment characteristics of passenger car and light truck tires currently distributed in the USA, and to present them in a form suitable for vehicle handling computer simulations. Major Program Elements: (1) Ranking of tire construction and performance parameters with respect to their influence on vehicle handling and control, to prevent testing for second and third order effects; (2) Selection of about 400 tires representing the current population of OE and replacement tires in USA; (3) Proof of good correlation between tire data measured on Calspan's Tire Research Facility and corresponding data measured on a passenger car; (4) Preparation of an empirical tire model; (5) Development of a test program; (6) Presentation of test results in a form readily applicable to tire studies and computer modeling. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Force KW - Maneuverability KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151238 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME IX-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 440 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151248 AU - Massing, D E AU - Yates, P E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE NHTSA ADVANCED 'S' SERIES 50TH PERCENTILE ANTHROPOMORPHIC DUMMY. VOLUME II - ACCELERATOR SLED TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 518 p. AB - Four sled test configurations were employed to evaluate the dynamic performance repeatability of the NHTSA 'S' Series dummy. Type-2 belt, preinflated air bag, energy absorbing steering column, and Type-1 belt with simulated instrument panel test environments were utilized to measure the performance of two identically fabricated dummies. In addition, tests of a Part 572 dummy with Type-2 belts were performed to establish a control data set for the configuration. The graphical results of a statistical analysis performed on the results obtained from replicate tests of each configuration are presented. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Dummies KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Performance tests KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering KW - Sleds KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151234 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME V-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 487 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151236 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME VII-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 469 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151232 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE PARAMETER DETERMINATION. VOLUME III-PART II. TIRE TEST DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 484 p. AB - This volume contains tire test data, as described in Volume II, Section 8.0. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Parameters KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stiffness KW - Test equipment KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151150 AU - Graf, C P AU - Krebs, M J AU - Honeywell Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HEADLIGHT FACTORS AND NIGHTTIME VISION PY - 1976/11 SP - 102 p. AB - The study examined the feasibility of using information concerning driver scan pattern data in the analysis of headlamp effectiveness. The driver-subjects were unaware that their eye movements were being recorded. In Experiment I, eighteen subjects drove over rural two-lane roads with indigenous targets under daytime conditions and six headlight configurations. The major independent variables included headlamp type, target type and reflectivity, road geometry, and glare versus no-glare. Dependent measures were average dwell point, scan pattern distribution, and target detection distance. In Experiment II, target detection distances were obtained for 22 subjects under unalerted and then alerted conditions. KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Eye movements KW - Field tests KW - Glare KW - Headlamps KW - Highway design KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Night vision KW - Reflectivity KW - Scanners KW - Scanning KW - Target detection KW - Tracking systems KW - Traffic safety KW - Two lane highways KW - Visibility KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151162 AU - Rose, A M AU - Levine, J M AU - Eisner, E J AU - American Institutes for Research AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MEASUREMENT OF PEDESTRIAN BEHAVIOR PY - 1976/11 SP - 43 p. AB - As part of its long-range research program aimed at reducing pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has been engaged in the development, evaluation, and implementation of countermeasures designed to reduce the incidence of specific pedestrian accident types. Countermeasures have been developed on the basis of a detailed analysis of the predisposing factors and precipitating events associated with various kinds of pedestrian accidents. One approach emphasizes the capability of a countermeasure to modify pedestrian or driver behaviors that have been identified as relating to various types of accidents. The report presents recommendations as to specific pedestrian, driver, and vehicle behaviors to be studied and measured in order to assess the effectiveness of each of 24 proposed potential countermeasures as they relate to each of 11 common accident types. KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Human characteristics KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian characteristics KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151176 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Lynch, J P AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRASH 2 USER'S MANUAL PY - 1976/11 SP - 86 p. AB - The CRASH computer program is an accident investigation aid aimed at achieving improved accuracy and uniformity in the interpretation of physical evidence from automobile accidents. The program can provide estimates of impact speeds and speed changes on the basis of two separate analytical techniques. Users may run the program in a timeshare interactive mode or in a batch processing mode. This report contains detailed instructions for users of the CRASH computer program. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Computer programs KW - Crash investigation KW - Loss and damage KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Speed changes KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic speed KW - Trajectory KW - Vehicle trajectories KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151163 AU - Massing, D E AU - Yates, P E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE NHTSA ADVANCED 'S' SERIES 50TH PERCENTILE ANTHROPOMORPHIC DUMMY. VOLUME I - TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/11 SP - 293 p. AB - The two series anthropomorphic test dummies were experimentally evaluated to (1) determine the degree of conformance to specifications for dimensions, segment weights, and joint range of motion, (2) to compare measured component static and dynamic characteristics to requirements, and (3) to establish by sled testing in typical restraint and crash environments their experimental repeatability. Four 30 MPH sled test configurations were employed, Type 2 belt, air bag, energy absorbing steering column, and simulated instrument panel with Type 1 belt. The findings of a statistical study of repeatability and reproducibility of experimental results is presented. In addition, the results of an experimental evaluation of a thin film piezoelectric pressure sensor developed by the National Bureau of Standards are reported. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Evaluation KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motion KW - Pressure gages KW - Pressure sensors KW - Prevention KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Size KW - Sleds KW - Specifications KW - Static response KW - Statics KW - Statistical analysis KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151171 AU - Brown, R AU - SUTHERLAND, L C AU - Wyle Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN AUDIBLE AUTOMOBILE BACK-UP PEDESTRIAN WARNING DEVICE - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION PY - 1976/11 SP - 165 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to develop and field-test an audible back-up warning device for use on automobiles. Detailed criteria of pedestrian age and hearing ability combined with noise characteristics of typical accident sites provide the basis for selection of a warning signal format. The warning signal (a tone at 1250 Hz pulsed on for 0.1 sec and off for 0.2 sec) is generated by a small loudspeaker mounted at the rear of the vehicle. An essential element of the design, that the system sense the ambient level and adjust its output accordingly, results in a warning signal level approximately equal to the A-weighted noise level throughout the danger zone. This is comparable to a level at least 10 dB above the pedestrian's detection threshold. Evaluation of a prototype system was conducted in typical parking sites using pedestrian subjects of opportunity. Results comparing the normal situation with a test sequence using the warning signal indicated a tenfold improvement in the number of pedestrians warned of the presence of a backing vehicle. KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Acoustic signal processing KW - Acoustic signals KW - Age KW - Automobiles KW - Hearings KW - Loudspeakers KW - Noise KW - Parking lots KW - Pedestrians KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25427/DOT-HS-802-083.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151178 AU - Espeland, R H AU - Morrison, ELJ AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE EFFECT ON MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES. VOLUME III. AUTOMOTIVE EMC GUIDELINES PY - 1976/11 SP - 92 p. AB - The report presents a set of basic guidelines to promote EMC in the use of electronic control and safety devices in automobiles. The applications and technological developments concerned with current automotive electronics are discussed. The research conducted by the automotive industry to explore the feasibility of a central processor or control system and potential problem areas are reviewed. A section is presented on the automotive electrical environment including a summary of source and coupled waveforms. A large section discusses guidelines for design, installation and testing of electronic control and safety devices in automobiles. KW - Control devices KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electronic control KW - Guidelines KW - Instructions KW - Motor vehicles KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151133 AU - Espeland, R H AU - Layton, D H AU - Warner, B D AU - Teters, L R AU - Morrison, ELJ AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1976/11 SP - 24 p. AB - This report summarizes the analysis and measurement tasks accomplished for this phase of the DOT Road Vehicle EMC/EMI program and the contents of EMC Guidelines proposed for the design and maintenance phases of electronic safety and control systems. A computerized coupling analysis program was used to determine the effects of body shielding, aperture size, and cable lengths on signal coupling in the 100 to 200 MHz band between a simulated mobile radio emission and a modeled air-cushion restraint system cable as it might be used in a motor vehicle. A series of susceptibility tests were performed on an electronic speed control system and an anti-skid control module to determine functional upset levels of injected signals at critical circuit ports on these devices. The upset criteria were based on performance departures from normal, resulting from the injection of interfering signals. The injected signals were designed to represent levels and durations characteristic of those generated within the vehicle or coupled from external sources. A set of basic guidelines to promote EMC in the use of electronic control and safety devices in automobiles are presented. The applications and technological developments concerned with current automotive electronics are discussed. The research conducted by the automotive industry to explore the feasibility of a central processor or control system and potential problem areas are reviewed. KW - Apertures KW - Cables KW - Computer programs KW - Control devices KW - Couplers KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electronic control KW - Excavating equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Openings KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Shielding KW - Transients UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151175 AU - Mourant, R R AU - Arbogast, R G AU - Cross (Richard B) Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE EYE REFERENCING DATA PY - 1976/11 SP - 95 p. AB - Presently, the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, Inc. is sponsoring research to determine drivers' eye locations in various vehicles. Driver eye position data were collected for fifty subjects as they drove a standard sedan and a van truck. For both vehicle types comparisons were made between data collected in a laboratory buck, a static vehicle, and in a moving vehicle. The purpose of the study is to collect eye position data to enable comparisons of eye position data as a function of vehicle package geometry. In particular, the closeness of the compact car's structure to the driver's body may restrict movement and thus result in smaller eyellipses. KW - Compact automobiles KW - Drivers KW - Eye KW - Eye movements KW - Human factors engineering KW - Location KW - Motor vehicles KW - Position fixing KW - Testing KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151177 AU - Espeland, R H AU - Layton, D H AU - Warner, B D AU - Teters, L R AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES. VOLUME II. MEASUREMENTS, ANALYSIS AND TESTING PY - 1976/11 SP - 142 p. AB - The report contains the results of a test series to evaluate the electrical environment of a motor vehicle during normal operating conditions and a summary of power supply variations and electrical signal transient characteristics. Both source and coupled signals were measured. A computerized coupling analysis program was used to determine the effects of body shielding, aperture size, and cable lengths on signal coupling in the 100 to 200 MHz band between a simulated mobile radio emission and a modeled air-cushion restraint system cable as it might be used in a motor vehicle. A series of susceptibility tests were performed on an electronic speed control system and an anti-skid control module to determine functional upset levels of injected signals at critical circuit ports on these devices. The upset criteria were based on performance departures from normal, resulting from the injection of interfering signals. The injected signals were designed to represent levels and durations characteristic of those generated within the vehicle or coupled from external sources. KW - Analysis KW - Analyzing KW - Apertures KW - Cables KW - Computer programs KW - Control devices KW - Couplers KW - Electric power supply KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electronic control KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Openings KW - Safety equipment KW - Shielding KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150491 AU - Shoemaker, N E AU - Ryder, M O AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION CRASH TEST PROGRAM. VOLUME II PY - 1976/11 SP - 270 p. AB - The objectives of the program were to generate experimental test data on recent intermediate size automobiles in the areas of damage susceptibility, crashworthiness and repairability and to demonstrate the capability of existing simulation models for predicting the dynamic responses of the vehicles and occupants. The full-scale crash testing program included frontal barrier and car to car front-to-side and front-to-rear impacts in 22 tests of 1973 and 1974 models of Plymouth Satellite and Ford Torino vehicles. The vehicle structure and occupant computer models are briefly described and comparisons of simulated and actual crash test results are presented in this report. The methodology and results of static crush tests that were performed to obtain data on the force-deflection properties of the major vehicle structural components for input to the vehicle response models are also presented. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Testing KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle make UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150490 AU - McPherson, K AU - McKnight, A J AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MOTORCYCLE SKILL TEST, MANUAL, AND KNOWLEDGE TEST PY - 1976/11 SP - 117 p. AB - As a step in reducing the high accident rate that characterizes initial motorcycle operation, a skill test, written manual and knowledge test were developed. The basic source of information used in preparing the manual and tests was an inventory of critical knowledges and skills as obtained through a comprehensive analysis of motorcycle operator tasks. The skill test is an off-street measure designed to assess the following operating skills: starting on a hill, making a sharp turn, turning while accelerating and decelerating, controlled stopping, judging turning speed, avoiding obstacles, and emergency stopping while in a straight line and in a curve. Administration of the skill test yielded inter-examiner reliability coefficients of .9, while a correlation of .8 was obtained between test scores and judgments of proficiency made by experienced motorcycle operators. The manual provides critical information involved in safe motorcycle operation, including the following topics: preparing to ride, vehicle control, being seen, observing, maintaining distance separation, handling dangerous surfaces, night riding, emergencies, carrying passengers and cargo, group riding, being in shape to ride, and maintaining the motorcycle. It is written entirely at the fifth-sixth grade reading level. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Control KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Knowledge KW - Licenses KW - Maneuverability KW - Manuals KW - Motor skills KW - Motorcycles KW - Motorcyclists KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Skewed distributions KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147404 AU - Shoemaker, N E AU - Ryder, M O AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION CRASH TEST PROGRAM. VOLUME I PY - 1976/11 SP - 27 p. AB - The objectives of the program were to generate experimental test data on recent intermediate size automobiles in the areas of damage susceptibility, crashworthiness and repairability and to demonstrate the capability of existing simulation models for predicting the dynamic responses of the vehicles and occupants. The full-scale crash testing program included frontal barrier and car-to-car front-to-side and front-to-rear impacts in 22 tests of 1973 and 1974 models of Plymouth Satellite and Ford Torino vehicles. The vehicle structure and occupant computer models are briefly described and comparisons of simulated and actual crash test results are presented. The methodology of static crush tests that were performed to obtain data on the force-deflection properties of the major vehicle structural components for input to the vehicle response models is also briefly described. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Collison research KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical models KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle make UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146516 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A REPORT OF THE WAVE II VS. WAVE I TRACKING STUDY PY - 1976/11 SP - 42 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to measure the effectiveness of the new campaign in terms of its ability to: Create reasonable levels of exposure through the public service media; heighten or maintain high level of concern over drunk driving issue; achieve its specific strategic objectives in terms of increasing people's awareness of potential DWI situations by educating on misperceptions, and persuading alcohol-related-situations involved individuals to take countermeasure actions. These measurements involve comparing the results of two waves or research, one conducted immediately prior to launching of the new campaign and one conducted six months later. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Human factors engineering KW - Interviewing KW - Law enforcement KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research management KW - Safety KW - Tracking KW - Tracking systems KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326456 AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONTACT LOADS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY PY - 1976/10/20 SP - 407p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326458 AU - King, A I AU - Padgaonkar, A J AU - Krieger, K W AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONTACT LOADS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. VOLUME II PY - 1976/10/20 SP - 108 p. AB - A complete and comprehensive quantitative set of experimental simulations of pedestrian-vehicular accidents has been made and is presented in this volume. Body segment kinematics from five dummy and five cadaver runs are recorded. Anthropometric data and inertial data are compiled for four cadavers, two male and two female. Some comparisons of these data with those obtained by other investigators are made to show that the data are reasonable. The force-deflection properties of two types of surface to segment interactions during a pedestrian-vehicle impact are also presented. These results can be used to obtain a better understanding of the contact forces involved during impact as well as the development of better contact models in gross motion simulations. The acceleration data can be utilized to assess the potential sources of impact injuries in a pedestrian accident. Injuries associated with ground impact are compared with those experienced during impact with the vehicle. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Kinematics KW - Mathematical models KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326457 AU - King, A I AU - Padgaonkar, A J AU - Krieger, K W AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONTACT LOADS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. VOLUME I PY - 1976/10/20 SP - 154 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to obtain detailed kinematics of the crash victim during a simulated pedestrian-vehicle collision and to compare these data with the output of a computer simulation using the three-dimensional model developed by Calspan Corp. A total of 10 dummy and 6 cadaver impacts were carried out experimentally. A method for measuring angular acceleration of rigid bodies was developed. Pre- and post-run measurements are also described, including anthropometry, joint properties, static and dynamic force-deflection characteristics and mass moments of inertia of body segments. The Calspan model was used to validate single segment impacts, the drop test carried out by a previous investigator and the full-scale tests made with extensively instrumented surrogates. In general, there was good correlation for both displacement and acceleration. The contact model should be improved for better correlation. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Kinematics KW - Mathematical models KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326459 AU - King, A I AU - Padgaonkar, A J AU - Krieger, K W AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONTACT LOADS - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. VOLUME III PY - 1976/10/20 SP - 145 p. AB - The experimental data acquired under this contract were primarily intended for the validation of a crash victim simulator (CVS) developed by Calspan Corporation. Volume 3 provides a description of the simulator, discusses the bases for validation and compares model output with experimental data obtained from several different impact conditions. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Kinematics KW - Mathematical models KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151212 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY RELATED RECALL CAMPAIGNS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING TIRES--DETAILED REPORTS FROM APRIL 1, 1976 TO JUNE 30 1976 PY - 1976/10 SP - 615 p. AB - The document contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the second quarter of 1976. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150477 AU - HARVEY, M R AU - Chupinsky, D J AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE MATERIALS HISTORICAL, HIGH-VOLUME INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING RATES COST DATA BANK (COMPACT-TYPE CAR) PY - 1976/10 SP - 281 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to identify and establish a Motor Vehicle Materials High-Volume Industrial Processing Cost Data Bank for the compact type car. The efforts directed toward this purpose were divided into two methods. These were: a micro-analysis, in which various costs were generated using an industry type estimating technique, and a macro-analysis, in which various average costs were determined for a study of five years of historical financial records of an automotive corporation. In the micro-analysis method, a 1975 compact type production vehicle was obtained and dismantled, and its various components and subassemblies were analyzed in detail to determine the weight and estimated manufacturing cost associated with each item. From this basic data, other categorical costs were estimated, both in total for each item and on a cost per pound basis. The various items were grouped into several levels of assemblies on a basis of practiced industry groupings to arrive at total cost categories for a complete vehicle. KW - Analysis KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Data storage KW - Estimates KW - Industries KW - Information retrieval KW - Motor vehicle industry KW - Motor vehicles KW - Spare parts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147288 AU - Wagner, M H AU - Finesilver, A AU - Wagner (M. H.) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED TRAFFIC ADJUDICATION TECHNIQUES PY - 1976/10 SP - 37 p. AB - Extensive correspondence with many states and individuals were conducted throughout the term of the contract. A list of National Experts in traffic adjudication was prepared. The Contractor developed a primer entitled: New Trends in Advanced Traffic Adjudication Techniques which has been widely distributed by NHTSA. Three multi-state workshops were conducted dealing with Advanced Traffic Adjudication Techniques. In January 1975, the Western Advanced Adjudication Workshop was held in Seattle, Washington, with many representatives from the States of Oregon, Alaska and Washington. The second conference, the Mid-Atlantic Workshop on Advanced Traffic Adjudication Techniques, was held in Baltimore, Maryland, in April 1975, with representatives of the states of Maryland, Kentucky and the District of Columbia. The third conference, the Mid-Western Conference on New Trends in Traffic Adjudication was held in December 1975, in Kansas City, Missouri, with the states of Iowa, Kansas and Missouri being represented. All three conferences were very well conducted and received. Six issues of the newsletter, Traffic Safety Adjudication Reports, were prepared and distributed to over 500 persons connected with traffic safety adjudication matters. KW - Iowa KW - Kansas KW - Law enforcement KW - Maryland KW - Meetings KW - Missouri KW - Oregon KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - States KW - Technical assistance KW - Traffic safety KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721367 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POLICE MANAGEMENT TRAINING: FACTORS INFLUENCING DWI ARRESTS. PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1976/10 SP - 52 p. AB - This document is a Planning Guide for a police management training program on factors influencing driving while intoxicated arrests. It contains a course outline as well as administrative guidance for the initiation and conduct of the course. Both content and form of presentation have been designed in the form of a workshop. The intent is to motivate student involvement and thereby enhance learning and retention. Also, the content must be related to each student's own situation and this too is facilitated by the workshop approach. A few of the lesson units are presented in a more traditional classroom fashion, but even these are designed to encourage direct, active student participation. KW - Arrests KW - Drunk driving KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Police KW - Police training KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721368 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POLICE MANAGEMENT TRAINING: FACTORS INFLUENCING DWI ARRESTS. PARTICIPANT MANUAL PY - 1976/10 SP - 138 p. AB - This manual has been prepared for use in a three day training workshop entitled: "Police Management Training: Factors Influencing DWI Arrests". The content of this workshop is directed at the problems of alcohol as it affects highway safety. The workshop is addressed to police command and supervisory personnel. It is concerned with increasing the rate of alcohol-related enforcement by making these personnel aware of the many factors that influence a patrolman's arrest decision and by helping them to identify appropriate management actions based on those factors. This document is a manual for workshop participants and combines some elements of a textbook and a study guide. KW - Arrests KW - Drunk driving KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Police KW - Police training KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721369 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SCREENING FOR DRIVER LIMITATION PY - 1976/10 SP - 54 p. AB - This document is a review manual to aid driver license examiners in recognizing signs and symptoms of medical conditions that may limit safe driving ability. It contains general information about specific medical problems potentially hazardous to driving, and signs and symptoms that may indicate their presence. It is designed to supplement programs set up by a driver license division, and should be used in conjunction with an audio/visual lecture course developed by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the American Medical Association, and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Driver examiners KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Identification systems KW - Identifying KW - Manuals KW - Medical impairment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147302 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles AU - Polhemus Navigation Sciences, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LORAN-C FEASIBILITY DEMONSTRATION PLAN PY - 1976/10 SP - 45 p. AB - The report sets forth the following objectives of demonstrating terrestrial applications of LORAN-C, a radio navigation system, operated and maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard to determine the: (a) need for and costs of calibrating and of converting LORAN-C time difference values to other site location forms; (b) control display requirements as a function of system application; (c) costs and problems involved in training users; (d) steps required to implement a LORAN-C system in each of the application areas; (e) operational difficulties and to (f) document costs of implementation of a LORAN-C system. The report details demonstration scope, fiscal, temporal, evaluative criteria, and manpower requirements. Applications to be demonstrated are among those detailed in preceding report under this contract entitled, 'LORAN-C Conceptual Analysis.' Applications are distributed in three major categories: Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AMV), Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) or Dispatch, and Site Registration. KW - Automatic tracking KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Costs KW - Dispatching KW - Education KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Ground vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - Loran KW - Monitoring KW - Position fixing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166458 AU - Tumbas, N S AU - Nay, H M AU - Pless, J E AU - Romberg, R A AU - Stansifer, R L AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS: AN IN-DEPTH CASE REPORT CASE NO. TAC-SP-75-6, SCHOOL BUS/GARBAGE TRUCK--ACUTE OBLIQUE PY - 1976/10 SP - 145 p. AB - The document contains an in-depth, multidisciplinary report covering Case No. TAC-SP-75-6, School Bus/Garbage Truck - Acute Oblique Collision, (AIS-4). Accident investigation research covered by DOT-HS-034-3-535, A Study to Determine the Causes of Traffic Accidents. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Buses KW - Children KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Highways KW - Indiana KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - School buses KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trucks KW - Trusses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151196 AU - Ryder, MOJ AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF GEOMETRIC AGGRESSIVENESS OF FULL-SIZE AUTOMOBILES PY - 1976/10 SP - 549 p. AB - The report contains the results of five full-scale car-to-car crash tests and two static crush tests. All data generated in these tests are presented in this report except for the high-speed motion pictures of the crash tests. These data include plots of all vehicle and simulated occupant accelerations including first and second integrations of each, still photographs of vehicle exteriors and interiors pre- and post-test, tabular and graphical presentations of vehicle deformations, tabular summaries of occupant injury criteria, and a vehicle crashworthiness determination based on occupant survival distance. High-speed motion pictures taken during the dynamic crash tests have been supplied to the sponsor in a separate transmittal. In addition to presenting test data for the static crushing, detailed information is included on the static crush test methodology for a single car frontal barrier crash and a car-to-car angled front-to-side crush. A brief discussion of a computer simulation model for a frontal barrier crash is also presented in this report. Results of a simulated barrier crash are compared to a barrier crash test. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deformation KW - Exteriors KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Interior KW - Large automobiles KW - Large car KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151168 AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATIC BRAKE INSPECTION INVESTIGATION. VOLUME II. FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/10 SP - 347 p. AB - The report investigates methods and devises a system for motor vehicle brake inspection which precludes the necessity for wheel removal. PMVI requirements and criteria are reviewed, state-of-the-art equipment and methods are surveyed. Industry dialogue is established in support of feasibility of new concepts, which include vehicle modifications and new test methods. All proposed new methods are defined, conceptually developed, and analyzed for current feasibility and future potential. Experimental work is included to supplement the literature search and analytical work where necessary to support conclusions. Inspection methods investigated include radiography, ultrasonics, acoustic emissions, acoustic signature, fiber optics, gas chromatography, etc. Alternatives are summarized, traded off and a final specification for PMVI brake inspection is recommended. The recommended specification includes proof test, visual wear indicators, access ports and simple inspection tools. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Brakes KW - Crash investigation KW - Fiber optics KW - Gas chromatography KW - Inserts KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Radiography KW - Requirement KW - Reviews KW - Specifications KW - Studies KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151146 AU - Bohn, P F AU - Keenan, R J AU - Prowznik, J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HYBRID COMPUTER VEHICLE HANDLING PROGRAM PY - 1976/10 SP - 451 p. AB - The hybrid computer simulation for vehicle handling studies has been in use for four years and has been validated for a large class of two axle vehicles. The following suspensions can be simulated: (1) four wheel independent, (2) independent front and solid rear axle, (3) solid front and rear axles, and (4) any front suspensions with dual tires on a solid rear axle. Model validation was accomplished using parametric data representative of a 1974 Chevrolet NOVA, 1974 VW Campmobile, 1974 White Tractor and various other automobiles and trucks. Braking, steering and combinations of braking and steering were input to the simulated mathematical model for validation and the simulation time histories were then compared to full scale test data. This hybrid vehicle handling program can be used for general studies of vehicle dynamics. A special interactive user's interface is available to allow program use by vehicle engineers as well as computer specialists. KW - Automobiles KW - Axles KW - Braking KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Hybrid simulation KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Hybrids KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Suspension (Stability) KW - Suspension systems KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147359 AU - Avco Systems Division AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATIC BRAKE INSPECTION INVESTIGATION. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/10 SP - 36 p. AB - The report describes a program to develop methods of inspecting automotive brake systems to ensure that they are in good operating condition without resorting to wheel removal. State-of-the-art techniques are surveyed and literature searched for existing criteria, techniques and equipment. New criteria, techniques, equipment and vehicle modifications are proposed, evaluated for technical integrity and cost effectiveness, and traded off. A final specification for Static Brake Inspection is defined. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Durability tests KW - Equipment KW - Inspection KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - States KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147290 AU - RICE, R S AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE CAPABILITIES OF MOTORCYCLES-LANE CHANGE MANEUVER SIMULATION AND FULL-SCALE TESTS PY - 1976/10 SP - 79 p. AB - The report describes a brief study of motorcycle handling characteristics employing both analytical (simulation) and experimental (full-scale maneuvering) methods. The objective was to supplement the results of a much broader earlier study on motorcycle accident avoidance capabilities. The report contains results of the simulation studies of six different motorcycles and the effects of changes in the rider model control characteristics on lane change performance, presents time history data for typical full-scale test runs in the lane change, and gives results of lateral-directional response tests for one motorcycle. The results are discussed in terms of design, operational, and rider influences on performance. KW - Control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Experiments KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Lane changing KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Road tests KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150478 AU - Moskowitz, H A AU - Ziedman, K AU - Sharma, S AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECT OF MARIHUANA AND ALCOHOL ON VISUAL SEARCH PERFORMANCE PY - 1976/10 SP - 162 p. AB - Two experiments were performed to determine the effects of alcohol and marihuana on visual scanning patterns in a simulated driving situation. In the first experiment 27 male heavy drinkers were divided into 3 groups of 9, defined by three blood alcohol levels produced by alcohol treatment: 0.0%, 0.75%, and 0.15% BAC's. Significant changes in visual search behavior including increased dwell duration, decreased dwell frequency and increased pursuit duration and frequency were found under alcohol. In the second experiment 10 male social users of marihuana were tested under both 0 mcg and 200 mcg tetrahydrocannabinol per kilogram bodyweight. Marihuana was found to have no effect on visual search behavior. The results are related to previous studies of alcohol and marihuana effects on information processing. Implications for highway safety are discussed. KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Effectiveness KW - Experimental data KW - Experiments KW - Highway safety KW - Marijuana KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Psychoneuropharmacology KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visual perception KW - Visual search UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25436/DOT-HS-802-0252.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146486 AU - Boyatzis, R E AU - McBer and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SHORT-TERM REHABILITATION FOR PERSONS CONVICTED OF DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED PY - 1976/10 SP - 228 p. AB - The objectives of the project were to develop a classification system for assessing persons convicted of driving while intoxicated, identify short-term rehabilitation (STR) objectives for these people, review available treatment programs, and make recommendations of programs which can be used to help DWIs reach STR objectives. A classification system was designed which included assessment of the client's adaptability to inner conflict/stress, assessment of the forces affecting the client regarding drinking from his sociocultural environment, and the severity of the client's problem with alcohol. Using the classification system, a set of STR objectives are identified for a client. These objectives represent desirable changes in the client's behavior and the impact of his sociocultural environment. STR programs are recommended which should help a DWI to reach these objectives. These programs include some elements of treatment modalities which have been shown to be effective and appear relevant for use with DWIs. Research, development, and evaluation needs for continued work in this area are described. KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Motivation KW - Rehabilitation KW - Specialized training KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic conviction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146484 AU - Haight, F AU - Joksch, H AU - O'Day, J AU - Waller, P AU - Stutts, J AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW OF METHODS FOR STUDYING PRE-CRASH FACTORS PY - 1976/10 SP - 106 p. AB - Considerable effort has been expended particularly over the previous decade in the area of examining pre-crash factors in an attempt at developing appropriate highway safety countermeasures. This report summarizes the review of this field by a select panel of highway safety researchers and includes recommendations for research in accident causation over the next several years. After attempting to clarify the significance of the 'cause' of an accident, the report outlines various approaches to accident causation research and indicates the relevant data needs. The extent and type of exposure information required is addressed. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Research KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145606 AU - Fisher, F G AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIPURPOSE MOBILE INSPECTION VAN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1976/09 SP - 181 p. AB - The report contains a description and operating instructions for a mobile motor vehicle inspection facility. To the extent possible, all equipment used is commercially available with certain modifications to facilitate equipment mobility. Pictures of various pieces of equipment and operations are included for clarity. KW - Design KW - Equipment tests KW - Guidelines KW - Inspection KW - Manuals KW - Mobile (Alabama) KW - Motor vehicles KW - Portable equipment KW - Test equipment KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159358 AU - JOHNSON, J T AU - Olin Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED INFLATION TECHNIQUES. VOLUME II PY - 1976/09 SP - 195 p. AB - The report summarizes the effort to develop an improved inflatable restraint system. The objective was to provide up to 50 mph frontal crash protection for front seat passengers without undue hazards to out-of-position occupants. The inflation concept for this program consisted of a dual bag design - a low pressure aspirator filled head bag and a high pressure augmented filled torso bag. The knees were cushioned by a fixed crushable restraint. Based on the results of 39 sled tests and 6 full scale vehicle tests it is concluded that this system probably can be effective in meeting MVSS 208 injury criteria at speeds to 45 mph. KW - Anatomical models KW - Criteria KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protection KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147293 AU - Fisher, R S AU - Maryland Medical-Legal Foundation, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME I PY - 1976/09 SP - 202 p. AB - The report describes the methodology, results, discussions, conclusions and recommendations pertaining to the investigation of 50 fatal and non-fatal vehicular accidents occurring in the Greater Baltimore metropolitan area from June 28, 1974 to June 30, 1975. Particular emphasis was placed on the human factors aspect, including vehicle and scene examinations, autopsy findings on fatal victims, injury reports on non-fatal victims, toxicological data on all fatal victims and psychosocial evaluations of the at fault driver population. Evaluations and recommendations regarding the current Federal Highway Safety Program Standards and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards are included. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maryland KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145608 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SUSPENSIONS. ANALYSIS OF TONGUE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION AND TOW VEHICLE AND TRAILER. REPORT NO. XIV PY - 1976/09 SP - 175 p. AB - A one of a kind analysis of the actual weight distribution of tongue weights on the tow vehicle and the trailer due to the use of weight distribution hitches. These were weights as measured for car trailer combinations as they were in use on the highways. Each wheel was weighed while the unit was connected and again when the hitch was disconnected. The tongue weight was also taken when disconnected. The complete distribution was obtained in this manner. KW - Axles KW - Loads KW - Measurement KW - Suspension systems KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00742402 AU - Transport Canada TI - THE HUMAN COLLISION: HOW INJURIES OCCUR...HOW SEAT BELTS PREVENT THEM PY - 1976/09 SP - 23 p. AB - The use of seat belts dramatically reduces the risk of injury and death. Scientific evidence strongly supports the value of seat belts, yet only a small proportion of people actually use them. People do not wear seat belts for a variety of reasons: fear that the seat belt will trap them in their cars; the belief that good drivers don't need them. Some people feel that they are just too much trouble. This booklet provides information to help one decide, on the basis of the available scientific evidence, whether or not seat belts are worth the trouble it takes to use them. It discusses, as listed in the table of contents, what happens in a collision, how seat belts prevent the human collision, seat belts and children, and personal risk. It also notes, that in almost every case, it is better to wear seat belts. KW - Children KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Hazards KW - Human body KW - Human factors KW - Impact tolerances KW - Injuries KW - Prevention KW - Risk assessment KW - Seat belts KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/573931 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00393724 JO - Emergency Product News AU - Schuckit, M A TI - ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM: AN INTRODUCTION FOR THE HEALTH CARE SPECIALIST PY - 1976/09 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - 7 p. AB - The physiological effects of alcohol are discussed, including those resulting from interactions with other drugs and adverse reactions involving persons with chronic diseases. The process of alcoholism is discussed. Its numerous definitions are presented; a favored one is based on the consequences of alcohol use in four life areas (family, police, health, and job). The epidemiology and natural history of alcoholism are described. An abbreviated overview is included of alcohol morbid pictures by body systems: blood producing, circulatory, gastrointestinal, genital and urinary, respiratory, musculo-skeletal, and nervous system. Two important factors about the course of alcoholism in the average patient are noted: expected trouble-free periods from alcohol, and a high rate of response to nonspecific treatments. Treatment of the alcoholic is discussed in terms of two phases: withdrawal and rehabilitation. The most effective regimen for treatment of the syndrome involves intoxication with a drug to which the individual is cross-tolerant (i.e. depressant drug class) and withdrawing him more slowly at a daily decrease by 10% to 20% of first-day dosage. The preferred depressant medications are Librium and Valium. General body supports, including adequate nutrition, rest, and vitamins (especially thiamine), are important. A final physical examination is mandatory. Most rehabilitation programs involve group therapy, Alcoholics Anonymous, good physical care, job and home placement efforts, and Antabuse. There is no evidence that continued inpatient rehabilitation is superior to outpatient therapy for the average patient. Sleeping pills and tranquilizers are not advised for the outpatient. KW - Alcoholism KW - Epidemiology KW - History KW - Physiological aspects KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211727 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00393723 JO - Emergency Product News AU - Hames, L N TI - THE CASE FOR HAVING THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS TEACH OUR YOUNGSTERS HOW TO DRINK PY - 1976/09 VL - 8 IS - 5 SP - p. 78-81 AB - On the presumption that most young persons who reach driving age do, or soon will, drink alcoholic beverages, a policy is advocated wherein the public schools teach teenagers how to drink, using alcohol within the context of instruction. Parent or PTA groups can sponsor controlled drinking experiments in which the schools administer the testing and research of young persons' reactions to different blood alcohol levels. Police can organize experiments on driving ranges where teenagers could drive after having consumed measured amounts of alcohol, thus becoming aware of the effect of alcohol on reaction times. Parents of children who are likely to drink or are already doing so can serve alcohol to their youngsters in social or cultural situations. The educational system can strive to be less hypocritical and more honest about practices and patterns within a society where drinking is allowed. Teachers can be taught how to drink. A motto for young persons can be "know your drinking limit." Teeagers can be instructed to experiment and to recognize their limits, but only after they have had a solid and formal education in the use and abuse of alcohol. Imagination can be used in teaching teenagers how to drink, involving parents and the community when unconventional approaches are applied. Youngsters can be directly involved in school or community alcohol education programs. Suggestions for education policymakers in order to ameliorate the alarming trend toward undisciplined drinking among juveniles include developing a closer relationship between schools and the community activity patterns of teenagers, employing a positive point of view, encouraging students to help design the alcohol education curriculum, expanding driver education courses in terms of the effects of alcohol on driving ability, and revising the traditional instructional format (30 hr. of classroom and 6 hr. of behind-the-wheel instruction). KW - Adolescents KW - Alcohol education programs KW - Alcohol use KW - Driver education KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158957 AU - Beddow, B AU - PEIZER, J AU - Whiddon, G AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL PARTS RETURN PROGRAM. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 248 p. AB - The National Parts Return Program involves the voluntary submittal by independent automative Repair shops of failed automotive components. The purpose of this program is to gather information on these components to assist the NHTSA to identify the existence of safety-related, manufacturing defects in design, materials, construction, on performance of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. Under authority of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, and amendments to the Act in 1974, the NHTSA can require manufacturers to conduct safety defect notification campaigns when it has been determined that a defect relating to motor vehicle safety exists. In addition, the information obtained from these parts is also valuable in preparing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Crash investigation KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Highway safety KW - Maintenance KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicle industry KW - Motor vehicles KW - Parts KW - Repair shops KW - Safety KW - Shopping facilities KW - Spare parts KW - Studies KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151821 AU - Fisher, R S AU - Maryland Medical-Legal Foundation, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME II PY - 1976/09 SP - 91 p. AB - The document presents results of a comprehensive analysis of data collected on male drivers over the entire span of the project -- 1968 to 1975. Particular emphasis has been placed on multivariate statistical techniques, especially factor analysis and discriminant analysis. The primary data base consisted of responses to structured and unstructured psychosocial interviews and questionnaires, police reports, autopsy findings, and Motor Vehicle Administration records. The interrelationships among the emergent psychosocial factors and background variables, on the one hand, and situational variables surrounding the accident (such as alcohol involvement, legal culpability, fatality status, number of cars involved, etc.), on the other, are presented and discussed. Major substantive findings to emerge over the seven years of data collection are summarized, and recommendations for reducing the death toll on the nation's highways are made. KW - Alcohols KW - Autopsies KW - Casualties KW - Crash investigation KW - Data analysis KW - Discriminant analysis KW - Discriminate analysis KW - Drivers KW - Factor analysis KW - Interviewing KW - Male drivers KW - Males KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Prevention KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychological tests KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25432/DOT-HS-801-919.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143991 AU - Shoemaker, N E AU - Ryder, M O AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONSUMER INFORMATION CRASH TEST PROGRAM PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC CRASH RESPONSES FOR VEHICLE AND OCCUPANTS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 242 p. AB - Contents: Vehicle response prediction models; Simulation of vehicle occupant responses. KW - Automobiles KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Forecasting KW - Impact tests KW - Maintainability KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicle responses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143969 AU - Chander, S AU - Pilkey, W D AU - Control Data Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PREDICTING THE LIMITING PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMOBILE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS UNDER CRASH CONDITIONS PY - 1976/09 SP - 131 p. AB - The document is the final report of an investigation for determining the optimum performance characteristics of automobiles under collision circumstances. A new technique called limiting performance was used for this purpose. The first goal was to establish the feasibility of applying the limiting performance technique to the crash simulation of automobiles. Subsequent work demonstrated the utility of the new technique for the design of automobiles for crash passenger protection. Detailed results of the study are discussed. The report includes the computer programs REFORM and NLPERFORM. KW - Automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Equations of motion KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Limit design methods KW - Linear programming KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Structural engineering KW - Suspension systems KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143997 AU - Wong, R E AU - Faris, W R AU - Grierson, W O AU - Troll, W C AU - Powell, Y M AU - Bendix Research Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE RADAR BRAKING SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION. PHASE II STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 53 p. AB - An instrumented test automobile equipped with an automatic/noncooperative radar brake system was used to gather and classify experimental data on radar false alarms as a function of various radar system parameters such as: detection range cut off (RCO), antenna beamwidth, range delay and vehicle velocity. The test vehicle was driven over three roadways under actual traffic conditions within the metropolitan area of Detroit, Michigan. The roadways typify much of the high density, high speed, urban and suburban driving in the United States. Results of the test program showed that both the detection range cut off and antenna beamwidth have a pronounced effect upon the false alarm problem; the range delay and vehicle velocity are of secondary importance. Analytical analyses were also performed to determine the effects of radar design parameters such as beamwidth and frequency on rain clutter and radar detection probability for three target classifications ranging from pedestrians to full size passenger cars. A computer simulation program was employed to evaluate the system cost-effectiveness of 36 system configurations. KW - Antennas KW - Automatic control KW - Automobiles KW - Beam width KW - Braking KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic braking KW - Experimental data KW - Factor analysis KW - Field tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Radar devices KW - Radar target designators KW - Range (Statistics) KW - Range (Vehicles) KW - Range extremes KW - Revisions KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Velocity KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143968 AU - Zirkle, R E AU - Krebs, M J AU - Curran, R AU - Honeywell, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ADVANCED HEADLIGHTING SYSTEMS PY - 1976/09 SP - 71 p. AB - Linearly polarized headlighting systems reduce the glare from opposing headlamps simply and effectively. This program was undertaken to evaluate the possible glare reduction measures. Alternative systems examined included circular polarization of light, color discrimination and stroboscopic (time-share) systems. Circular polarization is the only practical competitor to linear polarization. Laboratory and road test measurements showed that both are equivalent in performance and that both are significantly better than the present high-beam/low-beam system. Conversion to linear polarization is recommended during a five-year period from 1981 to 1985. KW - Electrooptic materials KW - Electrooptics KW - Glare KW - Headlamps KW - Illuminating engineering KW - Laboratory tests KW - Light control KW - Lighting systems KW - Mirrors KW - Optical properties KW - Polarization waves KW - Polarized light KW - Polarizers KW - Reflection KW - Refractivity KW - Road tests KW - Stroboscopes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143987 AU - Gilchrist, A AU - ENSERINK, B AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR BRAKING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 31 p. AB - The objectives of the program were to: (1) determine the current braking capabilities of passenger cars in terms of FMVSS 105-75, (2) to determine the direction and rate of evolution of passenger car braking performance, (3) to examine the braking performance standards with respect to tests, test conditions, sequences, and performance requirements, and (4) to recommend changes in the current standards and/or propose new standards to correct any deficiencies noted in the study. Test results obtained on five representative 1974-1975 model automobiles indicate that the requirements of FMVSS 105-75 are reasonable and well within the current state of the art in braking technology. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Standards KW - State of the art studies KW - Steering KW - Testing KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144000 AU - Chandler, R A AU - Jacobson, L A AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF RADAR SENSORS TO AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION PREVENTION. PHASE III. VOLUME II PY - 1976/09 SP - 64 p. AB - The report describes the results of the third phase of an investigation of the practicality and technical feasibility of applying radar as a sensor for automatic braking systems. Hardware evaluation of a baseband system as a brake sensor is discussed, and target signatures generated by the system are presented. Analyses of the performance of different types of systems in the presence of rain are given; performance of a realistic system in minimum-radius horizontal curves is analyzed; estimates of the probability of intersystem blinding generated by multiple vehicles are given. KW - Atmospheric attenuation KW - Atmospheric phenomena KW - Automatic control KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Crashes KW - Detectors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Rain KW - Rainfall KW - Reflectivity KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Signatures KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143993 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPACT AUTOMATIC VEHICLE CONTROLLER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1976/09 SP - 88 p. AB - The national trend toward smaller vehicles emphasized the need to lighten the NHTSA automatic vehicle controller. A new Compact Automatic Vehicle Controller (CAVC) was designed, built, and checked out based upon a weight reduction study of the conventional NHTSA Automatic Vehicle Controller. The new controller also has electronic components that are more temperature stable. This manual summarizes the operation, maintenance, and calibration of the new CAVC. The manual also provides drawings and a detailed description of all of the controller components. KW - Automatic control KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Calibration KW - Compact automobiles KW - Equipment tests KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Operations KW - Steering KW - Technicians KW - Test equipment KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144025 AU - Gilchrist, A AU - ENSERINK, B AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR BRAKING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 218 p. AB - The objectives of this program were to: (1) determine the current braking capabilities of passenger cars in terms of FMVSS 105-75, (2) to determine the direction and rate of evolution of passenger car braking performance, (3) to examine the braking performance standards with respect to tests, test conditions, sequences, and performance requirements, and (4) to recommend changes in the current standards and/or propose new standards to correct any deficiencies noted in the study. Test results obtained on five representative 1974-1975 model automobiles indicate that the requirements of FMVSS 105-75 are reasonable and well within the current state of the art in braking technology. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - State of the art studies KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143988 AU - Chandler, R A AU - Jacobson, L A AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF RADAR SENSORS TO AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION PREVENTION. PHASE III, VOLUME I PY - 1976/09 SP - 33 p. AB - The report describes the results of the third phase of an investigation of the practicality and technical feasibility of applying radar as a sensor for automatic braking systems. Hardware evaluation of a baseband system as a brake sensor is discussed, and target signatures generated by the system are presented. Analyses of the performance of different types of systems in the presence of rain are given; performance of a realistic system in minimum-radius horizontal curves is analyzed; estimates of the probability of intersystem blinding generated by multiple vehicles are given. KW - Atmospheric attenuation KW - Atmospheric phenomena KW - Automatic control KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Detectors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Rain KW - Rainfall KW - Reflectivity KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Signatures KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143990 AU - Shoemaker, N E AU - Ryder, M O AU - DeLeys, N J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONSUMER INFORMATION CRASH TEST PROGRAM PREDICTION OF DYNAMIC CRASH RESPONSES FOR VEHICLE AND OCCUPANTS. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 47 p. AB - The objectives of the program were to generate experimental test data on recent intermediate size automobiles in the areas of damage susceptibility, crashworthiness and repairability and to demonstrate the capability of existing simulation models for predicting the dynamic responses of the vehicles and occupants. The full-scale crash testing program included frontal barrier and car to car front-to-side and front-to-rear impacts in 22 tests of 1973 and 1974 models of Plymouth Satellite and Ford Torino vehicles. The vehicle structure and occupant computer models are briefly described and comparisons of simulated and actual crash test results are presented. The methodology of static crush tests that were performed to obtain data on the force-deflection properties of the major vehicle structural components for input to the vehicle response models is also briefly described. KW - Automobiles KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Forecasting KW - Impact tests KW - Maintainability KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143998 AU - Wong, R E AU - Faris, W R AU - Grierson, W O AU - Troll, W C AU - Powell, Y M AU - Bendix Research Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE RADAR BRAKING SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION. PHASE II STUDY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 187 p. AB - A computer simulation program was employed to evaluate the system cost-effectiveness of 36 automatic/ radar brake system configurations. The effects of changing system design parameters and operational differences within each system were examined. 1973 traffic accident data sources representing six states and six counties were selected to provide the largest practical data base and to reduce biases due to geographic, economic and reporting agency influences. System evaluation was made in a comparative form to show the estimated values to society over the lifetime of the vehicle and benefits were estimated in reduction of fatalities, injuries, and property damage. The study results indicate that an automatic/noncooperative radar brake system can be designed which could effectively suppress the false alarms due to non-hazardous targets and still be cost-effective in reducing motor traffic accidents. KW - Antennas KW - Automatic control KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Dynamic braking KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Radar devices KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Systems engineering KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144005 AU - McPherson, K AU - Ashburn, S AU - Knipper, A AU - National Public Services Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - YOUTH ALCOHOL SAFETY EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOL PY - 1976/09 SP - 130 p. AB - The objective of the project described in this report was to develop an alcohol safety instructional program for use at the secondary school level. An instructional program that emphasized youths' responsible use of alcohol and problems from drinking and driving resulted from the project. The program consisted of a Student Manual and Teacher Guide. The instructional program was designed to counter youth information deficiencies about drinking, and drinking and driving. The ultimate objective set forth for the instructional program was to reduce alcohol-related crashes among young drivers. The program was developed as a self-contained package to reduce non-instructional task requirements imposed on students and teachers. KW - Adolescents KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Crashes KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Students KW - Teenage drivers KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62513 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146495 AU - JOHNSON, J T AU - Olin Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED INFLATION TECHNIQUES. VOLUME I PY - 1976/09 SP - 56 p. AB - The report summarizes the effort to develop an improved inflatable restraint system. The objective was to provide up to 50 mph frontal crash protection for front seat passengers without undue hazards to out-of-position occupants. The inflation concept for this program consisted of a dual bag design - a low pressure aspirator filled head bag and a high pressure augmented filled torso bag. The knees were cushioned by a fixed crushable restraint. Based on the results of 39 sled tests and 6 full scale vehicle tests it is concluded that this system probably can be effective in meeting MVSS 208 injury criteria at speeds to 45 mph. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Front seats KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Inflation KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passengers KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Protection KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145632 AU - Ellingstad, V S AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM LEVEL EVALUATION OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS. VOLUME IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHORT TERM REHABILITATION (STR) STUDY PY - 1976/09 SP - 243 p. AB - The present report discusses the development, implementation, and current status of the Short Term Rehabilitation (STR) Study initiated by the NHTSA in 1974. Experimental designs employed by each of the 11 ASAP/STR sites for the assignment of mid-range problem drinker drivers to STR treatment or control groups are described. Preliminary analyses designed to provide a set of life change criteria for use in assessing the effectiveness of STR rehabilitation modalities are presented. These analyses have been applied to the Life Activities Interview to yield five life status factors including: Alcohol Use, Income/Employment, Socialization/Social Activity, Family/Marital Status, and Physical Health Factors. Scales of the Current Status Questionnaire (CSQ) and Personality Assessment Survey (PAS) instruments are also presented. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Income KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Personality KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment programs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25398/DOT-HS-802-045.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145630 AU - Struckman-Johnson, D L AU - Mushill, E F AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM LEVEL EVALUATION OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS. VOLUME II. ANALYSIS OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY PY - 1976/09 SP - 246 p. AB - The volume focuses on the diagnosis and referral systems of the NHTSA Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAPs) for the period 1972 to 1974. A description of the subsystems as they operated at the 35 ASAPs is presented along with client flow data. Profiles of clients in drinker diagnosis categories and several rehabilitation modality categories are presented for demographic and arrest history variables. Analyses designed to assess the validity of several types of diagnostic systems employed by the ASAPs are presented. Results of these analyses indicate that NHTSA criteria for drinker diagnosis are the most valid of the systems analyzed. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Data KW - Demographics KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Tests KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145589 AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF SCHOOL BUS VERTICAL ROOF LOADING TEST PROCEDURE PY - 1976/09 SP - 40 p. AB - A vertical roof loading test per FMVSS 220 was conducted on a 66-passenger school bus. The purpose of the test was to demonstrate the practicality of the test procedure. The load was applied by means of two hydraulic cylinders acting on a rigid loading plate measuring 36 inches wide by 321 inches long located on the bus roof. Loading plate displacement was measured at two locations and bus roof displacement at three locations. Results indicate that the procedure specified by FMVSS 220 is practical and appears to be workable for all school buses currently being marketed. KW - Buses KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Load tests KW - Loads KW - Protection KW - Roofs KW - Safety KW - School buses KW - Test procedures KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145631 AU - Ellingstad, V S AU - Springer, T J AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM LEVEL EVALUATION OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS. VOLUME III. ANALYSIS OF ASAP REHABILITATION COUNTERMEASURES EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1976/09 SP - 179 p. AB - The present report describes the client flow through rehabilitation systems of the 35 NHTSA funded Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAPs) during the 1972-1974 period of project operations, summarizes project initiated analyses of treatment program effectiveness, and reports program level (across project) analyses of total treatment system and individual treatment modality effectiveness based upon rearrest recidivism (for alcohol related offenses) data reported by the projects. During the 1972-1974 period addressed by this report, a total of 140,540 court referred clients were exposed to a variety of ASAP supported or coordinated rehabilitation programs, at a cost to the ASAPs of $5,346,502. The most extensively used treatment alternatives were ASAP initiated alcohol safety schools, although substantial use was also made of community alcohol rehabilitation resources. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway safety KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment programs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25394/DOT-HS-802-044.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145607 AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - Silva, C Z AU - Seila, A F AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SEAT BELT EFFECTIVENESS IN 1973-1975 MODEL CARS INVOLVED IN TOWAWAY CRASHES. VOLUME I PY - 1976/09 SP - 165 p. AB - Standardized injury rates and seat belt effectiveness measures are derived from a probability sample of towaway accidents involving 1973-1975 model cars. The data were collected in five different geographic regions. Weighted sample size available for the analysis is 15,818 occupants for which there is complete information on belt usage, injury level, age, crash configuration, vehicle weight, and damage severity. In order to obtain the standardized injury rates and effectiveness measures as well as estimates of their precision, several alternative procedures utilizing techniques for analysis of complex categorical data were examined. In Volume I, these techniques and their application to the data are described in detail. Results are presented for various injury levels for both the overall population as well as various subsets of interest (e.g., by model year, impact site or vehicle damage severity). A sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the effect on the estimates of including various subsets of the control variables. Finally, the estimates are reworked using direct injury costs derived largely from insurance data. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Injuries KW - Least squares method KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145629 AU - Springer, T J AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROGRAM LEVEL EVALUATION OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION EFFORTS. VOLUME I. DESCRIPTION OF ASAP DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL AND REHABILITATION FUNCTIONS PY - 1976/09 SP - 241 p. AB - The organization and operational characteristics of thirty-five Alcohol Safety Action Projects were described and summarized. The characteristics of the diagnosis/referral/rehabilitation activities at each project were summarized using four categories: judicial mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, rehabilitation referral procedures, and rehabilitation modalities. Available information was reviewed and a project description was formulated for each ASAP. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145586 AU - Beddow, B AU - PEIZER, J AU - Whiddon, G AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL PARTS RETURN PROGRAM. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/09 SP - 21 p. AB - The National Parts Return Program involves the voluntary submittal by independent automative repair shops of failed automotive components. The purpose of this program is to gather information on these components to assist the NHTSA to identify the existence of safety-related, manufacturing defects in design, materials, construction, on performance of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. Under authority of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, and amendments to the Act in 1974, the NHTSA can require manufacturers to conduct safety defect notification campaigns when it has been determined that a defect relating to motor vehicle safety exists. In addition, the information obtained from these parts is also valuable in preparing Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. KW - Automobile repair shops KW - Automobiles KW - Crash investigation KW - Defects KW - Equipment KW - Failure KW - Laws KW - Maintenance KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicle industry KW - Parts KW - Repair shops KW - Safety KW - Shopping facilities KW - Spare parts KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145550 AU - ROMEO, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A FRONT PASSENGER ASPIRATOR AIR BAG SYSTEM FOR SMALL CARS PY - 1976/09 SP - 136 p. AB - The objective of the study was to adapt the aspirated air bag system to the crashworthy small car front seat passenger. During the first year's effort an aspirator air bag system was designed and developed. Tests with the aspirator air bag system produced data which satisfied the injury criteria for the full range of adult dummy sizes through the 45 MPH crash speed range. Test results indicate that the system did not present a hazard to the forward, out-of-position child and that the results also satisfied the injury criteria for the normally seated 6 yr. old child size dummy through the 45 MPH crash speed range. KW - Adults KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Bags KW - Children KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Criteria KW - Dummies KW - Front seats KW - Impact tests KW - Infants KW - Inflatable structures KW - Protection KW - Reliability KW - Safety equipment KW - Small car KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145633 AU - Hall, R G AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FACT BOOK: A SUMMARY OF INFORMATION ABOUT TOWAWAY ACCIDENTS INVOLVING 1973-1975 MODEL CARS. VOLUME II PY - 1976/09 SP - 268 p. AB - Standardized injury rates and seat belt effectiveness measures are derived from a probability sample of towaway accidents involving 1973-1975 model cars. The data were collected in five different geographic regions. Weighted sample size available for the analysis is 15,818 occupants for which there is complete information on belt usage, injury level, age, crash configuration, vehicle weight, and damage severity. Volume II contains a variety of tables detailing who was involved in the accidents investigated, where and when they occurred, and what make and model car was involved. This volume also serves as a 'Fact Book' of information describing belt usage by various sub-populations; occupant injuries (including fatalities and belt-caused injuries); malfunction, defeat or maladjustment of belts; ejection; and problems encountered by unusual occupants. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Least squares method KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Towing devices KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle make UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25403/DOT-HS-802-036.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329025 AU - Magistad, J AU - Kadell, D J AU - Peck, R C AU - Marchi, S A AU - California Department of Motor Vehicles AU - California Office of Traffic Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POST LICENSING CONTROL REPORTING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/08/31 SP - 37 p. AB - The PLCRES (Post Licensing Control Reporting and Evaluation System) is tasked with evaluating the costs and traffic safety impacts of the four negligent operator treatments --Warning Letter (W/L), Group Educational Meeting (GEM), Individual Hearing (I/H), and Probation Violator Hearing (P/V). Data collection began February, 1975. This represents the first in a series of published evaluative reports. The study utilizes ongoing random assignments. When the drivers are found to be eligible for a given treatment, the computer randomly assign them to treatment vs. control (treatment withheld) conditions. The W/L, as well as the GEM, were projected to save 4.56 accidents per 1,000 drivers treated. These represent best estimates and are not statistically significant. The I/H was projected to save 20.1 accidents per 1,000 drivers treated, and the P/V was projected to save 9.67 accidents per 1,000 drivers. Both of these latter estimates were statistically significant. Each of the four treatments causes a statistically significant and substantial reduction in convictions. Cost-benefit estimates using several estimates using several estimates of costs, and benefits from accident reduction, indicate that the cost-benefit status of the GEM and P/V is equivocal, but the I/H is generally projected to be cost-beneficial and the W/L is consistently projected to be cost-beneficial. The negligent operator program taken as a whole was projected to be cost-beneficial, preventing an estimated 1,200 accidents annually. Future PLCRES reports will be issued annually and will update the present finings. KW - Analysis KW - Behavior KW - California KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329026 AU - Sillas, H AU - California Department of Motor Vehicles AU - California Office of Traffic Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POST LICENSING CONTROL REPORTING AND EVALUATION SYSTEM. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/08/30 SP - 141 p. AB - The report represents the startup of the Post Licensing Control Evaluation System, as applied to the Negligent Operator Component. This is the first known definitive evaluation that provides a continuous ongoing measure of effectiveness of accident prevention programs. The PLC Evaluation is not only an early warning system that can detect deficiencies that may be developing, it is also an action-oriented system that can provide management with feedback on the effectiveness of a modified or optimized program. KW - Analysis KW - Behavior KW - California KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Improvements KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143936 AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS - SPECIAL STUDY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN 1973-1976 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES PY - 1976/08 SP - 667p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143981 AU - Adams, L AU - Khadilkar, A AU - Pauls, L AU - Rup, W AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A UNITIZED SCHOOL BUS. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/08 SP - 33 p. AB - The development of new design concepts for school bus body structures and for passively restraining school bus passengers were the major objectives of the program. Passenger protection in front and rear rigid barrier impacts and in a side impact with a rigid pole - all at a 30 mph impact velocity - were the design goals. A unitized bus configuration was specified wherein the body and chassis frame are a single integrated structure in contrast to the typical school bus configuration where the body is bolted onto a chassis frame. Analyses and development tests indicated the feasibility of providing a uniform level of protection to seated occupants, ranging in size from a 6 year old child to a 50th percentile adult male in the front and rear impacts. In the side impact with a rigid pole at 30 mph, the hazard zone existing in the vicinity of the impacted area precludes uniform levels of protection for all occupants. Design layouts of 55-passenger operational school bus incorporating the unitized body structure and passive restraint systems were prepared. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Buses KW - Chassis KW - Impact tests KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Protection KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - School buses KW - Seats KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144003 AU - Adams, L AU - Kadilkar, A AU - Pauls, L AU - Rup, W AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A UNITIZED SCHOOL BUS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/08 SP - 558 p. AB - The development of new design concepts for school bus body structures and for passively restraining school bus passengers were the major objectives of this program. Passenger protection in front and rear rigid barrier impacts and in a side impact with a rigid pole - all at a 30 mph impact velocity - were the design goals. A unitized bus configuration was specified wherein the body and chassis frame are a single integrated structure in contrast to the typical school bus configuration where the body is bolted onto a chassis frame. Analyses and development tests indicated the feasibility of providing a uniform level of protection to seated occupants, ranging in size from a 6 year old child to a 50th percentile adult male in the front and rear impacts. In the side impact with a rigid pole at 30 mph, the hazard zone existing in the vicinity of the impacted area precludes uniform levels of protection for all occupants. Design layouts of 55-passenger operational school bus incorporating the unitized body structure and passive restraint systems were prepared. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bumpers KW - Buses KW - Chassis KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Protection KW - Safety equipment KW - School buses KW - Seats KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144004 AU - Ryder, M O AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMOBILE FRONTAL STIFFNESS/CRASHWORTHINESS BY IMPACT TESTING PY - 1976/08 SP - 549 p. AB - The objective of the program was to identify, based on frontal crash performance, potentially soft, nominal or stiff late model (1973-1975) domestic full-size and intermediate automobiles, and also to determine the most crashworthy vehicles in smaller automobile weight classes. A search and review of the literature revealed that much experimental crash data necessary to classify larger automobiles by frontal stiffness already existed for these weight classes and needed only to be assembled and analyzed. For the smaller vehicles, barrier crash tests were performed. Whereas the larger automobiles are classified by frontal structural stiffness which is inferred directly from passenger compartment deceleration in frontal impacts, the measure of the crashworthiness of the smaller vehicles is based on an occupant survival distance which is a function of the frontal impact deceleration waveform, an assumed restraint system force/deflection characteristic and the amount of occupant compartment intrusion. KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Chassis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deceleration KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62512 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144007 AU - WALSH, M J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SLED TEST COMPARISONS BETWEEN THREE TYPES OF HUMAN SURROGATES PY - 1976/08 SP - 120 p. AB - The experimental test program included seven sled tests using one unembalmed cadaver and three anthropomorphic test dummies to compare motions, during impact testing, between a near 50th percentile cadaver and two types of anthropomorphic test dummies of 50th percentile size and weight. The tests were conducted on the Calspan HYGE sled facility simulating 30 mph frontal collisions in a subcompact car. A three-point belt restraint system was used. KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motion KW - Motion studies KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Simulation KW - Sleds KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143972 AU - Kaplan, R AU - Wolfe, A AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DESIGN OF NASS: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR PLANNING THE NATIONAL ACCIDENT SAMPLING SYSTEM PY - 1976/08 SP - 117 p. AB - The report is an addenda to the design of a National Accident Sampling System (NASS), prepared for the Office of Statistics and Analysis of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Revisions to the NASS design have been made with regard to both the primary sampling units and the sample allocation. The first of these is done to provide OSA with greater flexibility in decision making with regard to NASS implementation by providing a larger number of options as to the basic PSU size to be used in the system. The second task provides a restructuring of the cost estimates for various PSU configurations together with the effect of the structures on the accuracy of estimation of national rates and trends forming the major product of the Continuous Sampling Subsystem of NASS. This document, taken together with the original design report dated July, 1975, should provide OSA with a significantly broader base in its deliberations for implementing a specific NASS design. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Data sampling KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Operating costs KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - States KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistical sampling KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144006 AU - WALSH, M J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SLED TESTS OF THREE-POINT SYSTEMS INCLUDING AIR BELT RESTRAINTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 164 p. AB - The experimental test program included six sled tests using five unembalmed cadavers and one anthropomorphic test dummy to evaluate a standard three point belt system and an air belt which inflates during impact. The tests were conducted on the Calspan HYGE sled facility simulating 30 mph frontal collisions for the three-point belts and 47 mph frontal collisions for the air belt systems. KW - Air bags KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Simulation KW - Sleds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144008 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Scrimgeour, G J AU - Krenek, R F AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SUMMARY OF ASAP RESULTS FOR APPLICATION TO STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS. VOLUME II - ASAP COSTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 59 p. AB - Volume II analyzes the cost of conducting an Alcohol Safety Action Project in a local community or a state. Financial data were collected from a sample of ten of the thirty-five Alcohol Safety Action Projects; the sample included state, county and city projects. Data were developed for the actual projects funded by NHTSA, and were estimated for an assumed condition of local implementation and funding. The primary objective of the research was to determine the potential of ASAP's for financial self-sufficiency. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Analysis KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Data collection KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Law enforcement KW - Local government KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research management KW - Safety KW - States KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143971 AU - McEwen, T AU - Brazil, F AU - Sacramento City Police Department AU - PRC Information Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1976/08 SP - 124 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the Sacramento, California Selective Traffic Enforcement Program. The Sacramento STEP involved seven different experiments. The most significant was enforcement for driving under the influence (DUI) which was a continuing experiment over the life of the project. The evaluation revealed an exact correlation between fatal accidents and the times of DUI enforcement. Other countermeasures tested under the Sacramento STEP were patrol, radar and fixed point efforts. As part of the evaluation effort a mathematical model was also developed. Another part of the Sacramento STEP was the development of judges' conferences. These conferences were meetings with representatives of the police, prosecution and judicial elements of the traffic system. These meetings were very effective in improving the system and alleviating problems that previously existed. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - California KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143994 AU - CLEVEN, A M AU - Fucigna, J T AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS PY - 1976/08 SP - 55 p. AB - As part of its concern that evaluation will become an integral part of highway safety program management, NHTSA supported the development of a manual titled The Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Programs: A Manual for Managers. The purpose of the present study was to convert the contents of the Manual into training materials for a series of workshops to be presented by NHTSA personnel. End products specified for the study were an Instructor Lesson Plans document designed for the day-to-day use of the instructor in presenting the workshop sessions; and a Course Guide designed to aid the training administrator in planning the program, including a set of suggested instructional aids. The overall objective of the workshop is to aid highway safety personnel in making management decisions relative to evaluation. The workshop is not designed to train highway safety managers to be professional evaluators. KW - Calcium oxide KW - Education KW - Instructional materials KW - Instructors KW - Lime requirement KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Personnel KW - Project management KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143973 AU - Westefeld, A AU - Phillips, B M AU - Opinion Research Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY BELT INTERLOCK SYSTEM USAGE SURVEY PY - 1976/08 SP - 72 p. AB - The research measures the effectiveness of various systems to increase safety belt usage. The objectives are: (1) To determine if the 1975 warning system issued in response to P.L. 93-492 is effective in increasing usage; (2) to ascertain drivers' reactions to this and other systems on 1975 model cars; and (3) to continue to monitor safety belt usage in the general traffic population. Results show that the 1975 warning system is not very effective. Most effective is a system that includes (1) a reminder light that goes on and stays on until the belt is fastened, and (2) a sequential logic circuit that requires to first be seated and second to buckle the belt. Drivers' attitudes toward the use of safety belts, and perceived comfort of both the lap belt and shoulder harness are also key factors which are correlated with usage. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Comfort KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Equipment KW - Interlocking KW - Laws KW - Logic circuits KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passenger comfort KW - Reaction time KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses KW - Utilization KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143975 AU - Westefeld, A AU - Phillips, B M AU - Opinion Research Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSIVE VS. ACTIVE SAFETY BELT SYSTEMS IN VOLKSWAGEN RABBITS: A COMPARISON OF OWNER USE HABITS AND ATTITUDES PY - 1976/08 SP - 87 p. AB - The objective of the research is to measure usage of, and attitudes toward, the passive restraint system, compared with the active restraint system on 1975 model year Volkswagen Rabbits. Methods used to carry out the research include: Interviews with two samples of VW Rabbit owners--those who purchased a Rabbit with the passive system and those who purchased a Rabbit with the active system. Results show that belt usage was about 80 percent in cars sold with passive belts and operating interlock systems after almost one year of ownership. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Ignition seat belt interlocks KW - Interviewing KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety equipment KW - Utilization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25433/DOT-HS-801-958.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143970 AU - Taubenslag, W N AU - Taubenslag, M J AU - Fort Lauderdale City Police Department AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM-STEP-BAC STUDY IN FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA PY - 1976/08 SP - 118 p. AB - A three month experiment was conducted in Fort Lauderdale in which a Blood Alcohol Content sample was taken on those drivers who received a citation for a traffic violation. The data were analyzed and studied for relationships between BAC amount and types of citation issued, taking into account the timing, day of week and demographic indicators. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Florida KW - Law enforcement KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic citations KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144002 AU - GARRETT, J W AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISION INVESTIGATION SYMPOSIUM. VOLUME I: PROCEEDINGS PY - 1976/08 SP - 612 p. AB - The report, Volume 1, presents the proceedings of the Motor Vehicle Collision Investigation Symposium conducted by Calspan Corporation, October 5-10, 1975, in Buffalo, New York. The objectives of the Symposium were to exchange ideas and to discuss: future accident investigation plans and programs; new technology for improving the state-of-the-art accident investigation; accident study designs; improved field data collection, and accident data reduction and analysis. Major emphasis was placed on new or planned federal data systems, collision reconstruction and accident causation methodology. A major feature of the Symposium was a Crash Clinic in which a two car staged collision was investigated and reconstructed by a composite investigation team made up of members of teams throughout the United States. (The Clinic is described in Volume 2, Final Report and Crash Clinic.) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144022 AU - Adams, L AU - Khadilkar, A AU - Pauls, L AU - Rup, W AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A UNITIZED SCHOOL BUS. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1976/08 SP - 204 p. AB - Contents: typical computer input listing; AMF2 computer program; side pole impact model; padding material test data; plastic section analysis, seat frame; sled test data; estimating data. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Bumpers KW - Buses KW - Chassis KW - Computer programs KW - Impact tests KW - Information processing KW - Plastics KW - Safety equipment KW - School buses KW - Seats KW - Sleds KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143967 AU - McEwen, T AU - El Paso City Police Department AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EL PASO, TEXAS SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1976/08 SP - 72 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the El Paso, Texas Selective Traffic Enforcement Program. The El Paso STEP involved six different experiments conducted over a thirty month period. Countermeasures tested included fixed point enforcement, patrol and radar. In addition one experiment was a special effort conducted for the holiday season in December 1973. This effort reduced accidents through the combination of newspaper publicity, TV spots, radio announcements and selective enforcement. The result was the lowest volume of accidents for the holiday season in three years. Overall the other experiments did not produce accident decreases. In one experiment line patrol was employed but was not effective. In other experiments a mixture of radar and patrol were tried but were not successful. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Enforcement KW - Holidays KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Patrol KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Radar KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143985 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Scrimgeour, G J AU - Krenek, R F AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SUMMARY OF ASAP RESULTS FOR APPLICATION TO STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS. VOLUME I. ASAP FINDINGS PY - 1976/08 SP - 105 p. AB - Deaths and injuries on the highway, even though America's accident rate is the lowest in the world, remain the nation's highest cause of unnecessary fatalities, and a good half of those losses are related to the drinking driver. In its attempt to reduce the toll, the United States is turning from solely technological actions to complex social research aimed at controlling the human factors in the drinking driving problem. The largest attempt has been the Alcohol Safety Action Program (ASAP) of the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration started in 1970 and still continuing. This research was an analysis of the first 3.5 years of that program. Volume I analyzes the significance of 'ASAP,' and discusses its results in terms of its successes and failures and the new knowledge developed in the field of highway safety. The document is based on independent reading of the narrative and statistical reports generated by ASAP, and on experience and interview with operational, management, and research personnel associated with ASAP from 1970 to 1975. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Local government KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research management KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - States KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143986 AU - Hawkins, T E AU - Scrimgeour, G J AU - Krenek, R F AU - Dreyer, C B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SUMMARY OF ASAP RESULTS FOR APPLICATION TO STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS. VOLUME III. TRAINING GUIDE INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL PY - 1976/08 SP - 105 p. AB - Deaths and injuries on the highway, even though America's accident rate is the lowest in the world, remain the nation's highest cause of unnecessary fatalities, and a good half of those losses are related to the drinking driver. In its attempt to reduce the toll, the United States is turning from solely technological actions to complex social research aimed at controlling the human factors in the drinking driving problem. The largest attempt has been the Alcohol Safety Action Program of the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration started in 1970 and still continuing. This research was an analysis of the first 3.5 years of that program. Volume III translates the findings and costs analysis into a training guide suitable for conduct of regional and/or local seminars for cognizant officials of state, county, and city government. Analyzes the significance of ASAP, and discusses in the field of highway safety. Analyses the costs of conducting an Alcohol Safety Action Project in a local community or a state. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Analysis KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Fatalities KW - Guidelines KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Injuries KW - Instructors KW - Local government KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Research management KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143995 AU - Hemion, R H AU - Hull, R W AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HEADLIGHT REQUIREMENTS IN 1990-COST-BENEFITS AND MINI-FIELD TRIAL OF POLARIZED HEADLIGHTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 130 p. AB - A study of future headlamp design requirements based on the predicted trends in vehicles, drivers and traffic to 1990 shows the need for improvements beyond those obtainable from current, normal, unpolarized types, particularly if road speeds above 55 mph are again authorized. A cost-benefit analysis of the nationwide adoption of polarized headlighting by 1990 shows benefits, in the avoidance of nighttime accidents, in the range of 2.5 to 3.8 to 1 over the costs of implementing polarization. An on-the-road field test with twenty average drivers and ten vehicles equipped with polarized headlights, showed that distances at which low reflectivity roadside targets could be detected improved with increased polarized light output from the headlamps (higher transmission polarizers), but were relatively little affected by analyzer (viewer) transmission characteristics. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Design KW - Field tests KW - Headlamps KW - Lighting systems KW - Optical properties KW - Polarization KW - Polarized light KW - Prevention KW - Reflectivity KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143974 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ON TRAVEL TRAILERS. VOLUME 13 PY - 1976/08 SP - 344 p. AB - Loading patterns, load capacities and consumer knowledge in these areas were determined for 2,400 vehicles consisting of automobiles towing travel trailers, travel trailers, motor homes, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. This data was compared to results from a previous survey in an effort to determine what improvements were made due to industry and government action. Vehicles were weighed as loaded for traveling and the suspension rating data was obtained from the vehicle manufacturers. This report deals with the travel trailers. Separate reports are available which cover motor homes, cars towing trailers, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. KW - Automobiles KW - Axles KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Loading KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Loads KW - Springs (Vehicles) KW - Suspension systems KW - Suspensions KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143976 AU - FRANCIS, D AU - McEwen, T AU - LYNN, P AU - PRC Public Management Services, Incorporated AU - Fort Lauderdale City Police Department AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FORT LAUDERDALE SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM FINAL EVALUATION PY - 1976/08 SP - 306 p. AB - The report contains an evaluation of the Fort Lauderdale Selective Traffic Enforcement Program. There were two components to the STEP: (1) use of trained civilian employees to investigate traffic accidents, and (2) use of a uniformed task force in selective enforcement. The use of civilians to investigate accidents is an idea that has been frequently discussed but never completely tested. The Fort Lauderdale project demonstrated that the concept is viable and operationally feasible. The evaluation showed that training of civilians was a key element. Once trained, the civilians performed better traffic accident investigations and wrote better reports than their police counterparts. The second part of the Fort Lauderdale project involved the formation of a STEP Task Force which conducted five experiments. Results were mixed as to impact on traffic accidents. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Civilian personnel KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Education KW - Enforcement KW - Florida KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Public participation KW - Research KW - Selection and appointment KW - Specialized training KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143938 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS - SPECIAL STUDY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN 1973-1976 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES. VOLUME 2. IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATIONS OF ACRS, CONTROL GROUP, AND SCHOOLBUS ACCIDENTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 180 p. AB - Volume 2 contains summaries of the air cushion restraint system, Control Group and Schoolbus accident investigations that were conducted from January 29, 1974 to December 31, 1975 in the study area. These investigations were secondary to those of the Restraint Systems Effectiveness Program (Vols. 1 and 3). The original goals were to: (1) Estimate the injury reducing effects of the passive system. (2) Determine the operational characteristics of the passive system. (3) Evaluate public/owner acceptance of the passive system. (4) Collect in-depth data on restraint system utilization and performance from a control group of 1973-1976 model year vehicles equipped with active restraints. (5) Study selected schoolbus accidents in which one or more occupant fatalities occurred. KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - School buses KW - Seat belts KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143940 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS - SPECIAL STUDY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN 1973-1976 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES. VOLUME 4. FORMS, CODEBOOKS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS PY - 1976/08 SP - 274 p. AB - Volume 4 contains examples of field forms and keypunch forms as well as instruction manuals and codebooks used in collecting and coding the data for the Restraint System Effectiveness Program (RSEP) portion of the study. Also included in this volume are the computer programs used to check for consistency and errors after the data were keypunched. Univariate tables for all variables (unweighted) collected in the RSEP are also included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143942 AU - Standig, J L AU - Kaplan, D AU - Amex Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT DATA IN SUPPORT OF THE STANDARDS COMPLIANCE PROGRAM PY - 1976/08 SP - 50 p. AB - Accident data and its usage in the standards compliance and vehicle selection programs are studied. Recommendations are made for upgrading the collection procedures; for providing a viable data base; and for promoting uniformity among investigatory units. Specific standards are addressed giving file characteristics, frequency distributions and suggested new potential variables. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Databases KW - Frequency distributions KW - Highway safety KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143944 AU - Nesbitt, M W AU - McGill, D W AU - Lipecky, M K AU - Applied Science Association, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POLICE MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON FACTORS INFLUENCING DWI ARRESTS: TRAINING STATE AND COMMUNITY INSTRUCTORS PY - 1976/08 SP - 97 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to train key individuals from state and local enforcement agencies to conduct Police Management Workshops as outlined in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration curriculum package entitled 'Factors Influencing DWI Arrest.' The project staff conducted five 30-hour instructor training institutes in various areas of the country, drawing from two federal regions for each institute. Two educational technologists from the Applied Science Associates' staff conducted the five institutes during the period 15 October 1975-9 April 1976. KW - Alcoholism KW - Arrests KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Instructors KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Meetings KW - Personnel management KW - Police KW - Specialized training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143932 AU - Roshala, J L AU - Popp, L E AU - Sierra Engineering Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPOMETRIC TEST DUMMY, MODEL 825-50, DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1976/08 SP - 245 p. AB - This report covers the development, manufacture, testing, and evaluation of two (2) 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test dummies. The objective was to develop a test dummy which could be used for compliance tests with appropriate Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in the evaluation of protection systems for vehicle occupants during real and simulated impact conditions. A further objective was to generate a corresponding test dummy data package which could be made available to any source interested in manufacturing, checking, comparing with other dummy configurations and otherwise verifying the accuracy and precision of the various details. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Field tests KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reliability KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143941 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: INTERIM REPORT II PY - 1976/08 SP - 294 p. AB - This is Volume I of a two-volume report, providing an update on causal factor tabulations and trends. Both Phase IV and cumulative Phase II, III, and IV causal tabulations are provided. This Volume also examines trends in the causal results across Phase II, III, and IV; compares on-site and in-depth causal results; and assesses the representativeness of both the study area and the subset of accidents which were investigated. Also provided are a methodology overview, conclusions, and recommendations. Detailed causal result data tables, both cumulative and for Phase IV, are provided in Appendices A and B. Volume II provides the results of an analysis of the potential accident avoidance and severity reduction payoff of radar and anti-lock brake systems, based on an evaluation of 215 Level C (in-depth) case reports. KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Braking KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Information processing KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Radar KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143937 AU - Cromack, J R AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS - SPECIAL STUDY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN 1973-1976 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES. VOLUME 1. RESTRAINT SYSTEMS EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM PY - 1976/08 SP - 63 p. AB - Volume 1 contains the methodology, findings, conclusions, and recommendations for the study. Field data were collected from April 1, 1974 to December 31, 1975. The primary objective of the restraint system evaluation program was to estimate the true injury-reducing effect of lapbelts and lap and shoulder belts. In the Texas study area, 12.2 percent of the unrestrained occupants, 6.2 percent of those wearing lapbelts only, and 4.8 percent of those wearing both lap and shoulder belts sustained injuries. SwRI found that lapbelts were 49.7 percent more effective in reducing injuries than no belts, lap and shoulder belts were 61.1 percent more effective in such cases, and lap and shoulder belts were 22.6 percent more effective than only lapbelts. The study includes: Volume 2-In-Depth Investigations of ACRS, Control Group, and Schoolbus Accidents; Volume 3-Data Summaries for Restraint System Effectiveness Program; Volume 4-Forms, Codebooks, and Computer Programs. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Research KW - School buses KW - Seat belts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143939 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS - SPECIAL STUDY OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS IN 1973-1976 MODEL YEAR VEHICLES. VOLUME 3. DATA SUMMARIES FOR RESTRAINT SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM PY - 1976/08 SP - 150 p. AB - Volume 3 consists of various tables and rates summarizing information on belt use and injury severity for the outboard front seat occupants of the case vehicles investigated in the Texas study area. Data analysis centers on bivariate tables reflecting restraint use and injury crossed with environmental, vehicle, and occupant characteristics. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Front seats KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Research KW - Texas KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154839 AU - Peters, R A AU - Blauvelt, A A AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVER PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DPMAS). VOLUME II. DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1976/08 SP - 67 p. AB - A prototype Driver Performance Measurement and Analysis System (DPMAS) has been developed for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). This system includes a completely instrumented 1974 Chevrolet Impala capable of digitally recording, onboard, driver control and activity measures, vehicle motion variables, vehicle lane position, and driver psychophysiological measures. It also has a three-camera video system, including video tape, for recording the external visual scene and interior driver actions, and an electrohydraulic servo steering system for varying vehicle dynamics and steering ratio and applying external disturbances which force driver control. This prototype system is intended to provide a research and application tool to demonstrate contemporary instrumentation and data acquisition techniques and to permit the effective execution of varied experimental and application programs such as driver behavior in various control tasks, studies of driver/vehicle/environment interactions, driver training and education, driver licensing and proficiency testing, and experiments on driver impairment such as induced by alcohol, drugs, medicines, or other stressors. KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Drive samplers KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Equipment tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Instrumented vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Prototypes KW - Recording instruments KW - Revisions KW - Samplers KW - Spare parts KW - Steering KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Stress conditions KW - Stresses KW - Systems engineering KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Videa tapes KW - Videotapes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145595 AU - Roshala, J L AU - Popp, L E AU - Sierra Engineering Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPOMETRIC TEST DUMMY, MODEL 825-50 OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL PY - 1976/08 SP - 100 p. AB - The report covers the development, manufacture, testing, and evaluation of two (2) 50th percentile male anthropomorphic test dummies. The objective was to develop a test dummy which NHTSA could use for compliance tests with appropriate Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in the evaluation of protection systems for vehicle occupants during real and simulated impact conditions. A further objective was to generate a corresponding test dummy data package which could be made available to any source interested in manufacturing, checking, comparing with other dummy configurations and otherwise verifying the accuracy and precision of the various details. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - Manufacturing KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145600 AU - RADLINSKI, R W AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AIR BRAKED VEHICLE PERFORMANCE: FMVSS NO. 121 BRAKING SYSTEMS VERSUS PRE-FMVSS NO. 121 BRAKING SYSTEMS AND STABILITY AUGMENTATION DEVICES PY - 1976/08 SP - 307 p. AB - Road tests were conducted on 3 truck tractors and 4 semitrailers to evaluate the effects of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 121, Air Brake Systems--Trucks, Buses and Trailers, on braking system performance. Tests were run in accordance with procedures specified in the standard and also in accordance with other test procedures that were developed during the course of the program to simulate typical on-highway emergency situations. The use of three different stability augmentation devices on tractor-trailer combinations was also evaluated to determine if these devices affected vehicle braking performance. The report presents a description of the test program and an analysis of the results. KW - Air brakes KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Evaluation KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers KW - Truck tractors KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145583 AU - CLEVEN, A M AU - Fucigna, J T AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. INSTRUCTOR'S LESSON PLANS PY - 1976/08 SP - 175 p. AB - As part of its concern that evaluation will become an integral part of highway safety program management, NHTSA supported the development of a manual titled The Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Programs: A Manual for Managers. The purpose of the present study was to convert the contents of the manual into training materials for a series of workshops to be presented by NHTSA personnel. End products specified for the study were an Instructor Lesson Plans document designed for the day-to-day use of the instructor in presenting the workshop sessions; and a course guide, including a set of suggested instructional aids, designed to aid the training administrator in planning the program. KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Instructional materials KW - Instructors KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Meetings KW - Personnel KW - Project management KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145604 AU - Klein, R H AU - Allen, R W AU - Peters, R A AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVER PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DPMAS). VOLUME I. DESCRIPTION AND OPERATIONS MANUAL PY - 1976/08 SP - 151 p. AB - A prototype driver performance measurement and analysis system (DPMAS) has been developed for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). This system includes a completely instrumented 1974 Chevrolet Impala capable of digitally recording, onboard, driver control and activity measures, vehicle motion variables, vehicle land position, and driver psychophysiological measures. It also has a three-camera video system, including video tape, for recording the external visual scene and interior driver actions, and an electrohydraulic servo steering system for varying vehicle dynamics and steering ratio and applying external disturbances which force driver control. This prototype system is intended to provide a research and application tool to demonstrate contemporary instrumentation and data acquisition techniques and to permit the effective execution of varied experimental and application programs such as driver behavior in various control tasks, studies of driver/vehicle/environment interactions, driver training and education, driver licensing and proficiency testing, and experiments on driver impairment such as induced by alcohol, drugs, medicines, or other stressors. KW - Behavior KW - Data collection KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Equipment tests KW - Human machine systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Manuals KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Prototypes KW - Recording instruments KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Systems analysis KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicles KW - Videotapes KW - Water cannons UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25424/DOT-HS-801-985.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145605 AU - Teper, G L AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVER PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM (DPMAS). VOLUME III. DIGITAL DATA SORTING PROGRAM (DPMASDSP) USER'S GUIDE AND PROGRAM DESCRIPTION MANUAL PY - 1976/08 SP - 102 p. AB - The prototype driver performance measurement and analysis system (DPMAS) is intended to provide a research and application tool to demonstrate contemporary instrumentation and data acquisition techniques, and to permit the effective execution of varied experimental and application programs such as: Driver behavior in various control tasks; studies of driver/vehicle/environment interactions; driver training and education; driver licensing and proficiency testing; and experiments on driver impairment by alcohol, drugs, medicines, and other stressors. KW - Behavior KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Equipment tests KW - Human machine systems KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Manuals KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Personnel performance KW - Recording instruments KW - Test equipment KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145582 AU - CLEVEN, A M AU - Fucigna, J T AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS. COURSE GUIDE PY - 1976/08 SP - 31 p. AB - As part of its concern that evaluation will become an integral part of highway safety program management, NHTSA supported the development of a manual titled The Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Programs - A Manual for Managers. The purpose of the present study was to convert the contents of the Manual into training materials for a series of workshops to be presented by NHTSA personnel. End products specified for the study were an Instructor Lesson Plans document, including a set of suggested instructional aids, designed for the day-to-day use of the instructor in presenting the workshop sessions; and a Course Guide designed to aid the training administrator in planning the program. The overall objective of the workshop is to aid highway safety personnel in making management decisions relative to evaluation. The workshop is not designed to train highway safety managers to be professional evaluators. KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Instructional materials KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Manuals KW - Meetings KW - Personnel KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145584 AU - Tanner, R B AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRASHWORTHINESS OF THE SUBCOMPACT VEHICLE PY - 1976/08 SP - 298 p. AB - The study examined the crashworthiness of subcompact vehicles both analytically and experimentally. The analytical studies included statistical accident analysis and dynamic response modeling. Experimental testing to determine baseline performance consisted of ten dynamic impacts at various angles and velocities. The 1974 production Pinto sedan provided adequate crashworthiness for 40 mph BEV aligned frontal impacts, 30 mph BEV offset and oblique frontal impacts, and 12 mph BEV side impacts. A modified design was developed which improved the crashworthiness in the most significant modes. Specifically, the modified design provides safety in the frontal aligned mode to at least 50 mph BEV, in the offset and oblique modes to at least 50 mph, and in the side impact mode to at least 30 mph. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Metals KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Plastics KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Side crashes KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181387 AU - Oates, JFJ AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDY OF SELF TEST DEVICES PY - 1976/07/15 SP - 120 p. AB - The study was conducted to determine whether individuals might change their drinking driving behavior if they are informed of their intoxication level and its implications relative to accident involvement and legal consequences. Individuals at public and private drinking situations voluntarily participated in breath testing and presentation of related information prior to departing from those situations. Findings disclosed that participants were no more likely to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol than were individuals not exposed to the breath test/presentation. Neither was there evidence that participants moderated their drinking on subsequent occasions. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Counties KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Institutions KW - Interviewing KW - Legal factors KW - Organizations KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Safety KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186860 AU - Shaffer, J T AU - Letscher, R M AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS EVALUATION USING BABOONS AND CHILD-SIZED DUMMIES. VOLUME 2. APPENDIXES D AND E PY - 1976/07 SP - 369 p. AB - The volume contains photo plots and oscillograph data. KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Graphs KW - Graphs charts KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Research KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186859 AU - Shaffer, J T AU - Letscher, R M AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS EVALUATION USING BABOONS AND CHILD-SIZED DUMMIES. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT AND APPENDIXES A-C PY - 1976/07 SP - 315 p. AB - A series of impact tests were carried out on the AMRL Impulse Accelerator Facility to evaluate the relative performance characteristics in child restraint systems of two proposed three-year-old child dummies. Side-by-side impact comparisons were made in the forward and lateral impact directions at velocities ranging up to 30 MPH. Performance of the dummies was compared with the responses of juvenile baboons used as surrogates for the three-year-old child. Comparisons were made using three types of child restraints on a standardized automobile bench seat. Data to make the comparisons were restraint loads, head and chest accelerations, and kinematic displacement of various body parts. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two dummies and that neither dummy provided a good match to the young baboon responses. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Monkeys KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143033 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY II OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ON MOTOR HOMES. VOLUME XII PY - 1976/07 SP - 164 p. AB - Loading patterns, load capacities and consumer knowledge in these areas were determined for 2,400 vehicles consisting of automobiles towing travel trailers, travel trailers, motor homes, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. This data was compared to results from a previous survey in an effort to determine what improvements were made due to industry and government action. Vehicles were weighed as loaded for traveling and the suspension rating data was obtained from the vehicle manufacturers. This report deals with the motor homes. Separate reports are available which cover travel trailers, cars towing trailers, and pick-up trucks carrying slide-in campers. KW - Axles KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Regulations KW - Safety engineering KW - Suspension systems KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144001 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles AU - Polhemus Navigation Sciences, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LORAN-C CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS PY - 1976/07 SP - 89 p. AB - Terrestrial applications of LORAN-C, a radio navigation system, operated and maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard, are investigated with respect to Operational, Technical, Economic, and Social factors. Data obtained from interviews conducted with representatives of local government, state agencies, and private industry yielded applications which are distributed into three major categories: Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (i.e., monitor in real-time the locations of police vehicles to determine the nearest vehicle to a crime scene), Automatic Vehicle Location or Dispatch (i.e., send an emergency vehicle to an LORAN-C determined location), and Site Registration (i.e., determine and record the location of traffic accidents or violations). Site location accuracy needs vary from 15.2 meters (50 ft) to 152.4 meters (500 ft). Premised on (1) present and planned transmitter configurations and (2) present estimates of equipment costs, it is believed that LORAN-C can satisfy a substantial number of these identified needs. Finally, recommendations for a demonstration program are presented. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Automation KW - Communication systems KW - Concept formation KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Ground vehicles KW - Location KW - Loran KW - Mineral aggregates KW - Monitoring KW - Position fixing KW - Radio KW - Systems analysis KW - Tracking position KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153865 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DRIVER EDUCATION EVALUATION PROGRAM (DEEP) STUDY. A REPORT TO THE CONGRESS PY - 1976/07 SP - 28 p. AB - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has taken the position that a quality High School Driver Education (HSDE) program is capable of a 10-15% effect in terms of reducing the probability of crash involvement among persons exposed to it. The process of evaluating the driver education programs, the Driver Education Evaluation Program (DEEP), is reported in detail. The potential target groups for driver education efforts, their contribution to highway crashes, and the particular problem characteristics of each group are discussed: young drivers, male and female, and their crash records and problems; elderly drivers; motorcycle operators; problem and near-problem drivers; drinking drivers; and all drivers. A brief description of the implementation history of HSDE programs and a summary of post attempts to evaluate such efforts are provided. Major problems involved in the evaluation of HSDE programs are discussed and major non-NHTSA driver education activities (for adult, elderly, drinking, and handicapped drivers) are reported. NHTSA's efforts within the HSDE area and the broader traffic safety education area are described. Findings and recommendations for future efforts in these areas covering both evaluation program development efforts for both NHTSA and state programs are presented. /Author/SRIS/ KW - Adolescents KW - Aged drivers KW - Crashes KW - Driver records KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - High schools KW - Motor vehicles KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Problem drivers KW - Teenage drivers KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143217 AU - RICE, R S AU - Davis, J A AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE CAPABILITIES OF MOTORCYCLES. APPENDICES PY - 1976/07 SP - 166 p. AB - The report describes a study of motorcycle handling qualities, involving both transient and steady-state directional stability and control properties, and the development of test procedures suitable for the evaluation of these properties. The approach used in the study consisted of the application of both experimental and simulation techniques for the identification of the significant physical properties and performance measures with which to characterize the machine's accident avoidance capabilities. Emphasis was placed on evaluating the input-output relationships for the group of motorcycles in a series of constant speed-variable radius runs covering a range of cornering capability which encompasses normal operation. Results of this initial handling study indicate that substantial differences in the values of several performance parameters (for example, steady state control gains) exist among various motorcycle designs and that tire performance characteristics play a very significant role in the determination of these parameters. KW - Control KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Highway safety KW - Loads KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance tests KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143040 AU - Westefeld, A AU - Phillips, B M AU - Opinion Research Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS SAFETY BELT WARNING SYSTEMS PY - 1976/07 SP - 27 p. AB - The study among rental car customers was conducted at the Sky Harbor Airport, Phoenix, Arizona, during the period August 4 - December 12, 1975. Overall objectives were (1) to determine if the warning system now required on 1975 and 1976 cars is effective in increasing safety belt usage, and (2) to determine the effectiveness of various other types of warning systems allowable under P.L. 93-492. Results show that the present system required by Standard 208 is not effective in increasing safety belt usage. Most effective system for increasing usage is one that includes, in addition to the present equipment: (1) a reminder light that does not go off unless the belt is fastened; and (2) a sequential logic system that requires the driver to first sit on the seat and second to buckle the belt. KW - Arizona KW - Automobiles KW - Effectiveness KW - Electric circuits KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Sequences KW - Sequencing KW - Sequential circuits KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Utilization KW - Warning systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25428/DOT-HS-801-953.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62211 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197625 AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDAHO ASAP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, VOLUME I. ANNUAL REPORT SUMMARY JANUARY-DECEMBER 1975 PY - 1976/06/30 SP - 46 p. AB - The report examines the three year operations of the Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project. Countermeasures implemented to reduce the number of drunken drivers on Idaho highways are discussed. KW - Alcoholism KW - Countermeasures KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197495 AU - Scudder, R AU - Walters, J AU - Apsey, M AU - Cavanaugh, B AU - Texas A&M University, College Station AU - University of South Florida, Tampa AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - GREATER TAMPA ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1976/06/30 SP - 124 p. AB - The major emphasis of the Tampa Program was placed on the enforcement aspect with the largest portion of the funds being allocated to those countermeasures. The special units of the local enforcement organizations constituted an additional twenty-one troops assigned to the ASAP duties. Initially, heavy emphasis also was placed on the public information and education programs and the next largest amount of funds were allocated to those countermeasures, excluding the larger amounts allocated to the evaluation and to the project management. Later in the Project operational period, and after the extension was granted, the other major countermeasure areas became a positive force in the Tampa ASAP. The judicial area and the rehabilitation area became the most forceful aspects of the Project even though they received the smallest amount of project funds. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Crimes KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Florida KW - Fund allocations KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Studies KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197680 AU - McIntire, J R AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT: DRIVER IMPAIRMENT STUDY PY - 1976/06 SP - 86 p. AB - The Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project, in conjunction with the L.A. Police Department, has conducted a three-phase experiment documenting the impairment of .10 percent blood alcohol concentrations on the driving ability of high tolerance drinking drivers. Phase I screened and selected a representative sample of drinking drivers and ranked them according to their tolerance to the intoxicating effects of alcohol on motorcoordination tasks. Subjects demonstrating a high tolerance to alcohol intoxication in Phase I, were included in Phase II which provided adequate familiarization and training on a validated driving course. In phase III, subjects were unknowingly divided into control and experimental groups with controls receiving 'placebo' alcoholic drinks. Driving scores were obtained on each subject on a pre (sober) and post (.10 percent BAC) basis, controls post-test scores were collect at .00 percent BAC. Analyses of the results indicates all drivers in the experimental group were impaired in their ability to drive. The average pre-post impairment was 22 percent. KW - Abilities KW - California KW - Drivers KW - Motor reactions KW - Performance evaluations KW - Tolerance (Physiology) KW - Toxic tolerances KW - Toxicity KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197716 AU - Krause, P B AU - South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA: ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 4 - 1976. AN ANALYSIS OF ASAP IMPACT ON THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM PY - 1976/06 SP - 49 p. AB - The South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project became operational in January, 1972, and remained active through 1975. The objective of this highway safety program was to produce a measurable reduction in the subset of motor vehicle crashes for which alcohol, and the drinking driver, may be identified as a contributing factor. The thrust of SD:ASAP countermeasure activity, therefore, was directed towards enforcement of the state and municipal statutes that prohibit the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated. The report is an assessment of the judiciary's internal adjustment and the modifications and enhancements to the court procedures that were introduced and necessitated by ASAP operations. KW - Alcoholism KW - Courts KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - South Dakota KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197690 AU - Bear, M B AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM, 1975 PY - 1976/06 SP - 119 p. AB - The study analyzes the operations, procedures and effectiveness of the traffic safety system in Los Angeles County's mini-ASAP, specifically how it deals with persons arrested on charges of drinking and driving. The mini-ASAP is that portion of the County served by the Rio Hondo, Citrus and Pomona Court Districts. First, the study describes the mini-ASAP area and gives a general picture of its traffic safety system. Then it analyzes the effectiveness of the law enforcement component of the traffic safety system by looking at arrest data. Next, it studies three of the judicial components--the conviction phase, which handles pre-and post-sentence investigations of persons arrested for drinking and driving; the sentencing phase; and the problem of backlog in the courts. Finally, the study looks at the rehabilitation component of the system and ASAP's impact on recidivism of persons arrested for drinking and driving. KW - California KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197718 AU - Beshai, N N AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE MINI-ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) REHABILITATION COUNTERMEASURES, 1975 PY - 1976/06 SP - 87 p. AB - The study deals with the effectiveness of three major rehabilitation programs for drinking-drivers: Disulfiram, Alcoholics Anonymous and Court School Programs. A program was considered effective if it helped in the reduction of recidivism for alcohol-related driving offenses and crashes. The study used samples of drivers who were referred to three types of treatments. It also used a comparison group composed of individuals who were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol, but not referred to treatment. Multiple regression analyses formed the core of the analyses. Recidivism rates for selected groups were compared. The profiles of these groups were also examined. Finally, ASAP's catalytic effect on rehabilitation and the costs of the Alcohol Rehabilitation Clinic (sponsored by ASAP) were investigated. KW - Alcoholism KW - California KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Program effectiveness KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Schools KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197683 AU - Olshan, M D AU - Krause, P B AU - Ellingstad, V W AU - South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA: ASAP ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 5/6 - 1976. AN ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS, REFERRAL, AND REHABILITATION ACTIVITY PY - 1976/06 SP - 162 p. AB - The report examines the activities of pre-sentence investigation, drinker diagnosis, alcohol treatment referral, and rehabilitation countermeasures of the South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project over the four year operational period from 1972 through 1975. An analysis of the drinker diagnosis procedures showed the reliability (consistency) of the resulting drinker classes to be largely dependent on the person making the final diagnostic decision, but that the system could be easily improved by establishing standards for weighting the various pre-sentence investigation input variables. DWI recidivism was used as a standard to evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programs and no evidence could be found that any of the treatment programs was effective in modifying drunk driving behavior. KW - Alcoholism KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - South Dakota KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197701 AU - Westra, D P AU - Krause, P B AU - Krois, P A AU - South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA: ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 1 - 1976. AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT PY - 1976/06 SP - 138 p. AB - The study assesses the contribution of the South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project to highway safety by meeting its ultimate objective of reducing the frequency of alcohol related fatal and injury crashes. Selected accident subsets that are more commonly alcohol involved were used as proxy measures for alcohol related crashes. Significant declines in both drift and level were found in total, nighttime and weekend injury crashes. The corresponding fatal crash subsets were not sensitive measures due to small monthly frequencies, however all of these series exhibited slight negative drifts over the operational period. The BAC distributions of drivers involved in fatal crashes, drivers arrested for DWI, or drivers stopped in roadside surveys provided little evidence of a decline in the frequency of alcohol impaired driving. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - South Dakota KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197585 AU - Krause, P B AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOUTH DAKOTA (SD): ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 3 - 1976. AN ANALYSIS OF A/R LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY PY - 1976/06 SP - 69 p. AB - The study examines the alcohol enforcement countermeasure activity of the South Dakota Alcohol Safety Action Project over the four year operational period from 1972 through 1975. Alcohol enforcement efforts more than tripled the rate of arrest for Driving While Intoxicated during this period. This increase was accomplished both through the direct subsidy of special ASAP patrols and through educating and training regular traffic enforcement personnel. Measurable declines in selected subsets of fatal and injury accidents were found to coincide with the increase in DWI arrests. Moreover, these declines were more pronounced in the weekend and nighttime subsets where ASAP patrol activity was concentrated. A time series model could not, however, show a significant cause and effect relationship. During the first three years, ASAP enforcement was distributed statewide and concentrated in the ten largest cities. Experiments with various saturation patrol strategies were conducted in three major cities during 1975. Overall, the patrol efficiency improved during this period; however, no strategy proved to be clearly more productive across the cities. KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - South Dakota KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175495 AU - BOOZ-ALLEN APPLIED RESEARCH INC AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION STUDY. TITLE II, PUBLIC LAW 92-513 PY - 1976/06 SP - 240 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of the first phase of the Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) research program to develop consumer information on automobile crashworthiness, damage susceptibility, ease of diagnosis and repair, and insurance costs by vehicle make and model. The report focuses on the research activities conducted during calendar year 1974 and the first half of calendar year 1975 (Phase I) and presents a description of accomplishments during that period. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Impact tests KW - Insurance KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Ratings KW - Research KW - Sales KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379535 AU - Crane, C AU - Bingham, DCH AU - Bevan, B G AU - Motor Industry Research Association TI - VEHICLE SERVICE LOADS. A COMPREHENSIVE MEASUREMENT OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION LOADS PY - 1976/06 SP - 63 p. AB - A number of reports were published by the Association between 1964 and 1970 on detailed analysis of the response of motor car suspensions to road surface roughness in tests where the effects of cornering, hills, braking and changes in road surface along the route were eliminated deliberately. This report deals with extending the analysis to conditions closer to normal driving patterns in which all these factors are included. There are two aspects to be considered, the first of which is the measurement of the effects of the low-frequency factors involved in the first three conditions, and the other is dealing with the effects of changes in road surface along the route. For the first problem, whole body accelerations of the vehicle, measured at its Centre of Gravity, were correlated with the loads produced in the suspension by low-frequency manoeuvres in service. For the second, the application of statistical analysis to the suspension loads originating from road surface roughness was extended by identifying the types of road surface encountered along the route. The main conclusion reached was that when due precautions are taken it is possible to calibrate one vehicle thoroughly and then assess the routes which it or similar vehicles have been driven over from fairly simple recordings. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Braking KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Roughness KW - Service loading KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steering KW - Surface course (Pavements) KW - Suspension systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169286 AU - HU, A S AU - Bean, S P AU - Zimmerman, R M AU - New Mexico State University, Las Cruces AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESPONSE OF BELTED DUMMY AND CADAVER TO REAR IMPACT PY - 1976/06 SP - 444 p. AB - Sled impact tests were conducted to simulate the motion of a standard size car at rest impacted from the rear by a second car of equal weight travelling at 32 mph. The test subjects were anthropomorphic dummies and unembalmed cadavers. They were seated in a bench seat (headrest in its down position) and were three-point belted. In one test mode the seatback was held rigid and in a second test mode the seatback rotated rearward in response to the test subject's impact loading. The major kinematic difference, in either test mode, between the dummies and cadavers was that the dummy head oscillated while the cadaver's head did not. Autopsies indicated that all three cadavers tested with a deflecting seatback suffered neck injuries reaching AIS 3 scale while two of three cadavers suffered similar injuries with a rigid seatback. The third cadaver tested with a rigid seatback had no injury. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Autopsies KW - Cadavers KW - Comparative analysis KW - Correlation analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Loads KW - Manual safety belts KW - Neck KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144017 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 3 PY - 1976/06 SP - 256 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drive samplers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Samplers KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle make KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144019 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 5 PY - 1976/06 SP - 347 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144018 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 4 PY - 1976/06 SP - 381 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle make KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144020 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 6 PY - 1976/06 SP - 345 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137316 AU - Campbell, K AU - SCOTT, R AU - Tolkin, S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HIGHWAY SAFETY EFFECTS OF THE ENERGY CRISIS ON U.S. TOLL ROADS PY - 1976/06 SP - 152 p. AB - The study examines highway safety effects as related to the energy crisis on selected toll roads in the United States. Data concerning accidents, traffic volumes, and speeds of travel--broken down by vehicle class into passenger cars and large trucks--are analyzed. Passenger car traffic was reduced about 15% and average speeds by about 8 miles per hour as a result of the energy crisis. The speeds of large trucks were reduced about 4 miles per hour, but truck traffic did not change appreciably. Accident rates overall were reduced much more than could be accounted for by travel alone. Accident severity was apparently reduced leading to 47% reduction in fatalities. Large trucks were over-represented in the two-vehicle accident population. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Energy shortage KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Research KW - Speed KW - Speed control KW - Toll roads KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume KW - Trucks KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145599 AU - Haffner, M P AU - Cooke, E C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THERMAL RESPONSE OF THE PART 572 DUMMY TO STEP CHANGE IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE PY - 1976/06 SP - 36 p. AB - Tests have been conducted measuring the thermal response of components of the assembled Part 572 dummy to step changes in ambient temperature. A series of four tests was conducted. Ambient temperatures ranged from 62 to 120F, and both heating and cooling experiments were performed. The response of the test dummy was measured in an environmental chamber with continuous air circulation. Of the seven dummy locations monitored, the data obtained consistently shows the forehead location to respond most rapidly and the lumbar spine location to respond most slowly to ambient temperature change. Data for the forehead and lumbar spine locations is reduced in the form of plots of a dimensionless temperature variable vs. time. Least squares fits to these data sets are computed and are presented for predictive purposes. Analysis of the data indicates that a single function is adequate to fit both heating and cooling responses at the forehead location. KW - Abdomen KW - Anatomical models KW - Anatomy KW - Chambers KW - Data analysis KW - Dummies KW - Knee KW - Knee anatomy KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Neck KW - Response KW - Ribs KW - Sternum KW - Temperature KW - Test chambers KW - Thermal response KW - Thermal stresses KW - Vertebrae UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143196 AU - Johnston, D E AU - Zellner, J W AU - Ashkenas, I L AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HANDLING TEST PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS PULLING TRAILERS. VOLUME I - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/06 SP - 24 p. AB - The report summarizes the development and validation of handling test procedures for car/trailer (articulated) vehicle combinations. Some 20 different limit and sub-limit maneuvers are investigated. Four pragmatic test procedures are selected and defined which enable discrimination of handling characteristics on the basis of quantitative performance parameters. The test maneuvers (step steer, pulse steer, brake-in-straight-line, and brake-in-turn) are representative of realistic sub-limit and emergency driving situations. The maneuvers and performance parameters are demonstrated to be applicable to a broad range of car/trailer combinations and hitch loading configuration; pertinent to both transient and steady-state dynamic properties, reasonable in cost, and practicable and applicable in diverse geographical regions of the United States or foreign countries. Tentative criteria for safe versus unsafe performance are suggested. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Maneuverability KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Safety KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143198 AU - Ashkenas, I L AU - Hofmann, L G AU - Klein, R H AU - Zellner, J W AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HANDLING TEST PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS PULLING TRAILERS. VOLUME III - APPENDICES PY - 1976/06 SP - 134 p. AB - The document comprises Volume III of a three-volume technical report which summarizes the development of safe-handling test procedures for articulated vehicles. The main technical discussion and summary of results are presented in Volume II. These appendices, which elaborate and support the findings presented in Volume II, include the development of analytical and simulation models, listings of simulation input data for representative test vehicles, and time histories of the actual vehicle responses for simulation validation. Additional plots of data derived from the finalized step steer tests are also presented. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Highway safety KW - Maneuverability KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143197 AU - Johnston, D E AU - Zellner, J W AU - Ashkenas, I L AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HANDLING TEST PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS PULLING TRAILERS. VOLUME II - TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/06 SP - 140 p. AB - The document comprises Volume II of a three-volume technical report summarizing development of safe handling test procedures for passenger cars towing trailers. A condensed executive summary of the program is given in Volume I. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Highway safety KW - Maneuverability KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Safety KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197626 AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDAHO ASAP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, VOLUME II. IN-DEPTH COUNTERMEASURE REPORTS JANUARY-DECEMBER 1975 PY - 1976/05/30 SP - 64 p. AB - The report contains a detailed analysis of all countermeasures implemented during the three year operations of the Idaho Alcohol safety action project. The expenditures and projected impact for each countermeasure are presented. KW - Alcoholism KW - Cost estimate KW - Cost estimating KW - Countermeasures KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Expenses KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137374 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TECHNICAL REPORTS OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1973-1975 PY - 1976/05/01 SP - 288 p. AB - As a supplement to Technical Reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; a Bibliography, 1967-1973 (HS-801 200), this bibliography cites documents published from January 1974 through December 1975. Documents listed herein may be examined in the Technical Reference Branch, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 400 Seventh Street S.W., Washington, D.C. Few of the documents are available for distribution by NHTSA. Availability is given in individual entries. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a keyword-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Bibliographies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicles KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Technical reports KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197670 AU - Miller, E B AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION COUNTERMEASURE: 1975 PY - 1976/05 SP - 89 p. AB - The report describes the activities and accomplishments of the Public Information and Education program operated by the Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP). During 1975 ASAP released its second-phase public service announcements. The Impact of this unique campaign is discussed and the surveys used to evaluate the total campaign are presented. Results of these studies showed significant changes in awareness of the problem of drinking and driving. KW - California KW - Education KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197695 AU - Pool, W C AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LOS ANGELES COUNTY OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES EMPLOYEE ALCOHOLISM PROGRAM, A PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR 1975 PY - 1976/05 SP - 78 p. AB - The Los Angeles County Employee Alcoholism Program was established on January 15, 1969, to assist management in the proper handling of alcoholism problems among County employees. Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) funding began in October, 1972 and continued until June, 1975. Alcohol Safety Action Project funds enabled the program to emphasize the responsibility of dealing with problem drinkers among County employees who drive. The program continued to expand after ASAP funding started. As of December 31, 1975, the total active caseload of the program was 260 clients, a sizeable increase over the active caseload of approximately 150 when ASAP began funding the program. KW - Alcoholism KW - California KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Drivers KW - Government employees KW - Local government KW - Project management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197729 AU - Byrd, R AU - Applied Management Corporation AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER SIX. REHABILITATION SYSTEM UTAH ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) MAY 1976 PY - 1976/05 SP - 60 p. AB - The report reviews the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts of ASAP in Salt Lake County. General practices involving court incentives are described and arrest recidivism of those individuals referred to selected programs are reviewed. Profiles of individuals in various treatment categories are compared. KW - Alcoholism KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Law enforcement KW - Profiles KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88837 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197684 AU - Reeder, D A AU - Davidson, G L AU - MILLER, M J AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 1: AN ANALYSIS OF ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO DETERMINE TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT PY - 1976/05 SP - 187 p. AB - The report analyzes the full three operational years of the Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP). This is the fourth in a series of annual analytic studies which are written in an effort to determine the effects of the project in Idaho. The first series of studies dealt with only six months of operational data collected during the start-up period. The present series of studies will primarily analyze the data collected during 1973, 1974 and 1975. Data previous to 1973 is mainly indicative of the drinker-driver situation before the ASAP began impacting the community towards the close of 1972. The Idaho ASAP began in June of 1972 and was in full operation by September of 1972. Twelve countermeasures were utilized in the design of the project: Project management, Enforcement, Judicial and prosecution assistance, Expert witness/chemical laboratory, Education/re-education, Rehabilitation, Driver testing, licensing and regulation, Public information and education, Legislative and regulatory, Medical advisory board, Alcohol data bank, and Information services. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197700 AU - Reeder, D A AU - Davidson, G L AU - MILLER, M J AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 5: AN ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY PY - 1976/05 SP - 156 p. AB - In 1975, the presentence investigators conducted 2548 presentence investigations, a total of 1696 of these investigations included drinker classifications. Of these, 845 or 49.8 percent were classified as problem drinkers; 715 or 42.2 percent were classified as non-problem drinkers, and 136 or 8.0 percent were classified as undefined. In Section 2.2, the authors noted a significant increase in the classification of problem drinkers by presentence investigators. This continues a significant trend from 1973 to 1975 of more offenders being classified as problem drinkers. Section 2.3 analyzes referrals by drinker classification. The authors noted a significant increase in those not referred to any treatment. Sections 2.4 and 2.5 discuss Judicial participation in drinker diagnosis and referral and Rehabilitation attendance by drinker class. Section 3.0 analyzes drinker classification profiles. The authors compared socio-economic factors of all drinker classes and noted significant variations of all factors with the degree of the alcohol related problem except for income levels. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Prevention KW - Profiles KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197694 AU - MCINTIRE, J AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ROADSIDE SURVEY, 1975 PY - 1976/05 SP - 94 p. AB - During September, 1975, the Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project conducted its fourth and final roadside survey. One-thousand and twenty drivers were sampled from three selected areas in L.A. County. Of the 1020 drivers contacted, 980 volunteered to complete the 30-question interview and provide a breath sample for later analyses of alcohol content. Significant demographic differences were observed between the nighttime driver and the nighttime drinking driver. Analyses of drinking and driving behavior of respondents indicated significant socio-cultural influences. Over the four day survey period 24 percent of those sampled had been drinking (BAC .01) and 3 percent were driving under the influence (BAC .10). KW - Alcoholism KW - California KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Interviewing KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197581 AU - Reeder, D A AU - Davidson, G L AU - MILLER, M J AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 4: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ASAP ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM PY - 1976/05 SP - 243 p. AB - The report is an analysis of the full three operational years of the Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP). This is the fourth in a series of annual analytic studies which are written in an effort to determine the effects of the project in Idaho. The first series of studies dealt with only six months of operational data collected during the start-up period. The present series of studies will primarily analyze the data collected during 1973, 1974 and 1975. Data previous to 1973 is mainly indicative of the drinker-driver situation before the ASAP began impacting the community towards the close of 1972. The Idaho ASAP began in June of 1972 and was in full operation by September of 1972. Twelve countermeasures were utilized in the design of the project: Project management, Enforcement, Judicial and prosecution assistance, Expert witness/chemical laboratory, Education/re-education, Rehabilitation, Driver testing, licensing and regulation, Public information and education, Legislative and regulatory, Medical advisory board, Alcohol data bank, and Information services. This study 4 deals with the flow of arrested DWI offenders through the traffic safety system. Section 1 presents a brief introduction and a description of the ASAP community. The procedures for disposition of alcohol-related traffic arrests are described in Section 2 of this study. Section 3 addresses the major evaluation questions of the study and describes the impact of ASAP on the traffic safety system in statistical terms. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Licenses KW - Project management KW - Publicity KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197627 AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 3. AN ANALYSIS OF ASAP PATROL ACTIVITY PY - 1976/05 SP - 115 p. AB - The report describes the special ASAP patrol enforcement countermeasure operation and strategies. The report also attempts to explore relationships between levels of enforcement and levels of accident occurrence. Demographic profiles of arrested DWI's are compared with profiles of fatally injured drivers to determine whether the target group is the same group at which enforcement is aimed. In addition, the efficiency of the patrol and its effect on other patrol activity in the state is discussed. KW - Alcoholism KW - Demographics KW - Deployment KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Idaho KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicle operations KW - Police KW - Profiles KW - Recidivism KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151204 AU - HARVEY, M R AU - Chupinsky, D J AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE MATERIALS HISTORICAL, HIGH-VOLUME INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING RATES COST DATA BANK (INTERMEDIATE TYPE CAR) PY - 1976/05 SP - 334 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to identify and establish a motor vehicle materials high-volume industrial processing cost data bank for the intermediate type car. The efforts consisted of a micro-analysis, in which various costs were generated using an industry type estimating technique; a macro-analysis, in which various average costs were determined for a study of five years of historical financial records of an automotive corporation; and an analysis of replacement parts catalog costs. In the micro-analysis method, a 1975 intermediate type production vehicle was obtained and dismantled, and its various components and subassemblies were analyzed in detail to determine the weight and estimated manufacturing cost associated with each item. The various items were grouped into several levels of assemblies on a basis of practiced industry groupings to arrive at total cost categories for a complete vehicle. The macro-analysis served as a means to provide data in certain areas that would substantiate the micro-analysis. KW - Analysis KW - Components KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Estimates KW - Industrial engineering KW - Materials KW - Microanalysis KW - Motor vehicle industry KW - Motor vehicles KW - Processing KW - Production KW - Replacing KW - Structural members KW - Subassemblies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197527 AU - Mostyn, N AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE ALCOHOLISM COUNCIL COUNTERMEASURE PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR 1975 PY - 1976/05 SP - 97 p. AB - The study reviewed the development and activities of four ASAP-funded Alcoholism Councils in Los Angeles County. Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the Councils' investigation and referral of clients convicted of drinking and driving. Effectiveness was defined in terms of the following criteria: (1) How frequently did the courts use the services of the Councils; (2) How adequately did Council staff evaluate the nature of the clients' drinking problems; (3) Were clients referred to appropriate treatments; (4) Have the Councils expanded activities; (5) Were the Councils able to obtain funding after ASAP funds terminated; and (6) Did the Councils have a catalytic effect. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - California KW - Counseling KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Therapy KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197535 AU - Reeder, D A AU - Davidson, G L AU - MILLER, M J AU - Idaho Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 6: AN ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL REHABILITATION EFFORTS PY - 1976/05 SP - 153 p. AB - The report evaluates alcohol rehabilitation efforts in the ASAP community. Section 1 presents a brief introduction and description of the ASAP community. Section 2 deals with the characteristics of the Idaho Rehabilitation system. Included is a description of the individual treatment modalities and a flowchart of the judicial/rehabilitation system. Section 3 addresses the effectiveness of various treatment modalities in terms of recidivism rates. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Idaho KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Profiles KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137376 AU - Shah, M P AU - Radovich, V G AU - Transportation Research Center of Ohio AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHILD TEST DUMMIES. VOLUME II. APPENDIX PY - 1976/05 SP - 269 p. AB - This Appendix contains samples of the computer calculated data packages produced for each test. The digital data correlates with descriptions and data parameters discussed in the main body of the report. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Adolescents KW - Anatomical models KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data KW - Deflection KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Information processing KW - Minors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance tests KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137375 AU - Shah, M P AU - Radovich, V G AU - Transportation Research Center of Ohio AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF CHILD TEST DUMMIES. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/05 SP - 261 p. AB - Commercially available three- and six-year-old child dummies were evaluated for their anthropometric measurements and dynamic response characteristics in pendulum impact tests and simulated crashes in representative automobile-child seat restraint environments. Simulated crashes included 20- and 30-mile-per-hour frontal and 20-mph side impacts on automobile and specially designed bench seats. Two types of child seats, the GM love seat and Chrysler Mopar, were selected for testing as representative of belt and padding restraint types currently in use. The three-year-old child dummies were found to be capable of providing repeatable measurements of the head and chest accelerations and head deflections in sled tests and to be sufficiently sensitive of detecting differences in the crash environments. Acceleration measurements with both six-year-old child dummies were found to contain resonances. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Adolescents KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Deflection KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic characteristics KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamics KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Minors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance tests KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151141 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1976/05 SP - 512 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to alcohol and highway safety. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Bibliographies KW - Highway safety KW - Highway transportation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25421/DOT-HS-801-970.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137439 AU - O'Day, J AU - Wolfe, A AU - Kaplan, R AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DESIGN FOR NASS: A NATIONAL ACCIDENT SAMPLING SYSTEM. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1976/05 SP - 194 p. AB - A design is presented for a national accident investigation program based on sampling theory. By limiting the number of investigations within a strict sampling plan it is possible to record sufficient detail about each accident to produce national estimates of injury, property damage, and other accident characteristics which will be useful in cost-benefit analyses. The system described has three major facets--a program for continuous acquisition of data of a random sample of all towaway-pedestrian-bicycle-motorcycle accidents occurring in the U.S., a program for occasional acquisition of additional data on selected topics quickly and on-call, and a program for conducting in-depth or multidisciplinary accident investigations for accidents of particular interest. KW - Aggregates KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bicycles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Expanded slate aggregates KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Motorcycles KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - Slate KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137054 AU - Barreire, W AU - Nevada Automative Test Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TIRE TREADWEAR VALIDATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/05 SP - 29 p. AB - This is a broad, technical study of the fundamental parameters, testing methodology and techniques, and equipment necessary to evaluate treadwear rate differentials among candidate tire groups. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Energy KW - Equipment tests KW - Force KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Pavements KW - Rolling contact KW - Technology KW - Test equipment KW - Test procedures KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Velocity KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137050 AU - Sterling-Smith, R S AU - Graham, D D AU - Boston University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MARIJUANA AND DRIVER BEHAVIORS: HISTORIC AND SOCIAL OBSERVATIONS AMONG FATAL ACCIDENT OPERATORS AND A CONTROL SAMPLE PY - 1976/05 SP - 193 p. AB - The final report, Part III for DOT HS-310-3-595 is an analysis and evaluation of the data from 1068 motor vehicle operators in the greater Boston area with a focal interest in marijuana use patterns and corresponding demographic, psychosocial, alcohol, and other drug and vehicular variables. The 2 samples contributing to this presentation include 267 (25%) experimental operators who were 'most responsible' for a highway accident in the greater Boston area resulting in a personal fatality to an operator, other vehicular occupant or a pedestrian and 801 (75%) operators matched to the experimentals without any fatal accident histories comprising the control sample. The experimental sample included 121 (45%) marijuana smokers and 146 (55%) non-smokers, with the control sample showing 272 (34%) marijuana smokers and 529 (66%) non-smokers. Notable differences were observed between these 4 sub-samples and between the smokers and the non-smokers. In broad terms the control smokers were over-achievers and the experimental smokers under-achievers. The control smokers were more successful with their education and occupation than were the experimental smokers. Other observations were collected from only the control smokers relative to subjective impressions of behavioral alterations when marijuana intoxicated and a number of more objective variables associated with marijuana use patterns. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Behavior KW - Control groups KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Demographics KW - Driver psychology KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Fatalities KW - Hallucinogenic drugs KW - History KW - Human factors engineering KW - Marijuana KW - Massachusetts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Social psychology KW - Sociopsychological surveys KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25426/DOT-HS-801-917_002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137041 AU - Boston University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DRIVERS MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR FATAL ACCIDENTS VERSUS A CONTROL SAMPLE PY - 1976/05 SP - 177 p. AB - An experimental driver sample consisting of 267 motor vehicle operators judged to have been 'most responsible' for a highway fatality in the greater Boston area was investigated. Also, a matched control sample of 801 operators never responsible for a fatal highway accident was collected. The experimental sample was evaluated from two differing perspectives: accident typology and alcohol involvement. The typology results showed 103 (38%) TYPE I accidents where the operator was killed; 63 (24%) TYPE II accidents where the operator survived the crash which resulted in the death of another vehicular occupant; and, 101 (38%) TYPE III accidents where the operator struck and killed a pedestrian. Samples were also analyzed to establish pre-identification and predictive variables to identify operators who might be potential candidates for a fatal highway accident. The variables most significant in the discriminant function analysis included: previous arrests for DWI and speeding, alcohol use patterns, levels of education and occupation. The results detailed a Boston Predictive Formula for identifying potentially high risk operators from the general population. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Behavior KW - Control groups KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Forecasting KW - Hallucinogenic drugs KW - Human characteristics KW - Massachusetts KW - Mortality KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25396/DOT-HS-801-916_001.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25410/DOT-HS-EPX-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137049 AU - Sterling-Smith, R S AU - Boston University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PSYCHOSOCIAL IDENTIFICATION OF DRIVERS RESPONSIBLE FOR FATAL VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS IN BOSTON PY - 1976/05 SP - 216 p. AB - The report includes human factor data presentation, analysis, and evaluation of selected variables collected by the Boston University Traffic Accident Research Special Study team during their 30-month research. Human factor variables associated with operators of motor vehicles judged to have been the most responsible for vehicular accidents resulting in a personal fatality were investigated. Areas of interest presented on 300 operators include: demographic and psychosocial variables, historical patterns of alcohol use and accident-alcohol involvement, historical patterns of marijuana and street/entertainment drug use and accident involvement, the Risk Taking Behavior Scale (RTBS) and the Human Factor Stress Scale (HFSS). KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Behavior KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Demographics KW - Driver psychology KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Fatalities KW - Hallucinogenic drugs KW - Hazards KW - History KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Massachusetts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Offshore construction KW - Research KW - Risk assessment KW - Social psychology KW - Sociopsychological surveys KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137045 AU - Wolf, R J AU - Kaman Science Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A SOLID STATE DIGITAL DATA RECORDER FOR MONITORING ANTHRPOMETRIC DUMMY IMPACT ENVIRONMENTS PY - 1976/05 SP - 73 p. AB - A solid state digital data recorder has been developed for use in monitoring anthropometric dummy impact environments. The recorder was designed to be a very general miniature data acquisition system and was mounted in the pelvic assembly of a 50'th percentile anthropomorphic dummy. An eight channel system was evaluated in a sled test series simulating a 30 mph vehicle-barrier impact. The dummy/recorder system was also evaluated in five vehicle collisions. During these tests the system successfully captured and stored impact information on all thirteen collisions in which it participated. KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Data recorders KW - Digital computers KW - Digital recording KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Recording KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00134647 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONSUMER ADVISORY PY - 1976/04/29 AB - A public meeting is planned to provide a forum for all interested persons to present information and views on the susceptibility of catalytic converters to significant overheating problems and possible fires. The need for rulemaking or other action will also be examined. Most automobiles manufactured during model years 1975 and 1976 are equipped with catalytic converters which are designed to reduce harmful exhaust pollutants in accordance with EPA regulations. The converters speed up the combustion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, thereby burning up potentially harmful pollutants. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has received letters from car owners describing incidents where converters significantly overheated and in some instances caused fires. KW - Automobiles KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Catalytic converters KW - Contaminants KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fires KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Public hearings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44729 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00135040 JO - Department of Transportation news PB - Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SPECIAL ADVISORY WARNED THAT SERIOUS ACCIDENTS CAN OCCUR DUE TO FAILURE OF TRAVEL-TRAILER SUSPENSION SYSTEMS PY - 1976/04/22 SP - 2 p. AB - Owners of recreational travel-trailers are urged to make special inspections of trailer weights and trailer load distribution. Serious accidents can occur due to failure of travel-trailer suspension systems. Failures can be caused by overloading, poor road performance of both trailing and touring vehicles when overloaded, or by poorly distributed load. The need is indicated for a special advisory because some manufacturers have failed to alert owners to the overloading danger. Many owners incorrectly load their travel-trailers and place too much or too little tongue-load on the rear axle of the towing vehicle. NHTSA surveys indicate that 59 percent of trailers carried tire pressures below the recommended value and 34 percent were loaded beyond the capacity of the suspension system. Large single axle trailers are especially susceptible to overload. Owners who have experienced problems are urged to write to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). KW - Load transfer KW - Manufacturing KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Pressure KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Suspension (Stability) KW - Suspension systems KW - Tires KW - Towing devices KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trailers KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191060 AU - St Hoyme, L E AU - Gindhart, P S AU - Anthro-Service AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF 2-D ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEMPLATE ('OSCAR') AND 3-D ANTHROPOMORPHIC DEVICE (H-POINT MACHINE) IN RELATION TO HEIGHTS AND BODY PROPORTIONS OF AMERICAN DRIVERS PY - 1976/04/15 SP - 77 p. AB - The 3-D anthropometric dummy (H-point machine) and 2-D template (Oscar) used in design and development of vehicle seating compartments are based on body measurements of U.S. males averaging 68.5 inches tall. They adjust for a height range of about 65 inches to 73 inches (10th-95th percentiles). Recent physical measurements of American women, teenagers, ethnic minorities and other subpopulations of U.S. drivers indicated that 70% of American women are shorter than 65 inches, as are most drivers under 18, and most drivers of Latin American, Amerindian, Asiatic and other ancestries. It is likely that at least 50%, and possibly 60% of American drivers are shorter than 65 inches and therefore not accommodated by these devices. Body segments of these subgroups are even less likely to be accommodated. Except for some Europeans, most non-U.S. drivers are from short populations, and would not be accommodated. KW - Anthropometry KW - Drivers KW - Dummies KW - Ethnic groups KW - Evaluation KW - Height KW - Males KW - Measurement KW - Proportion KW - Recommendations KW - Simulation KW - Tables (Data) KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00135876 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CITIZENS BAND COMMUNICATION MANUAL: HELP IS NEAR PY - 1976/04/15 SP - 92 p. AB - This manual which was developed to assist states and communities in the preparation of operational plans required for participation in the National Emergency Aid Radio (NEAR) program, specifies the procedures and defines the criteria for organizing and implementing Citizens Band (CB) radio operations. NEAR (the CB radio program for highway safety) will reduce response time by augmenting and supplementing existing private citizen access to an emergency response system when seeking assistance, and facilitate means for the motorist to receive information and report conditions concerning motorist safety. The funding criteria for NEAR programs are reviewed, and program development and operational aspects are outlined. The procedures for development of a state program consist of 7 action items: the establishing of state level organization; surveying of local emergency systems; preparation of a comprehensive NEAR plan; establishment of a NEAR system; identification of deficiencies in local emergency systems; determination of priorities and provision of funding for support of local activities to upgrade NEAR monitoring; and the establishment of procedures for periodic evaluation of the NEAR program and refinement of the state plan. KW - Citizen band radio KW - Communication systems KW - Data systems KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response time KW - Evaluation KW - Fund allocations KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Information systems KW - Manuals KW - Monitoring KW - Motorist aid systems KW - Operations KW - Radio KW - Reaction time KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197692 AU - Miller, E B AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE POST-ADVERTISING TELEPHONE SURVEY PY - 1976/04 SP - 71 p. AB - This report looks at the results of the 1975 post-ad-telephone survey and compares the results of certain questions with the same questions asked in the 1974 pre-ad-telephone survey. The purpose of the 1975 survey was to determine the effectiveness of the ASAP public service campaign developed from results of the 1974 pre-ad-telephone survey. Contingency tables and chi-square analyses were the primary analytic techniques used in the study. The report presents the demographic characteristics of the respondents, their actual drinking practices, attitudes toward intervention in a drinking and driving situation, methods of intervention most likely to be used and awareness of the major cause of automobile accidents. The study concludes that awareness of the drinking-driving problem has increased over the pre-ad period; actual intervention in a potential drinking and driving situation has increased and the methods of intervention depicted in public service announcements are the ones preferred by the respondents. KW - Attitudes KW - California KW - Drivers KW - Public opinion KW - Publicity KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145564 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS--JANUARY 1, 1976 TO MARCH 31, 1976 DETAILED REPORTS PY - 1976/04 SP - 554 p. AB - The report contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the first quarter of 1976. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167023 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNITED STATES EVALUATION REPORT ON CCMS ROAD SAFETY PILOT STUDY FOLLOW-UP T2 - RAPPORT DES ETATS-UNIS SUR L'EVALUATION DES SUITES DONNEES AL'ETUDE PILOTE DU CDSM SUR LA SECURITE ROUTIERE PY - 1976/04 SP - 183 p. AB - This report is the final evaluation report of the road safety pilot study follow-up. It incorporates all pertinent information contained in the interim report. Appendix M is an executive summary consisting of charts presenting the current status and overall evaluation of the key elements of the pilot study follow-up including the seven pilot study projects. Projects included pedestrian safety, alcohol and highway safety, motor vehicle inspection, identification and correction of road hazards, accident investigation, emergency medical services and experimental safety vehicles. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Hazards KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Inspection KW - Medical services KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrians KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Research KW - Safety vehicles KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147325 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1976/04 SP - 131 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to restraint systems in motor vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Bibliographies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger restraints KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137046 AU - Bishop, E W AU - Oates, J F AU - Hamilton, J AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION FACTORS FOR PERFORMANCE OF POLICE TRAFFIC SERVICES PY - 1976/04 SP - 71 p. AB - The objective of this study was to identify and define police traffic services tasks (or subtasks) performed by patrolmen, which could be used as factors in a personnel evaluation system. This document consists of the approach, literature review, data collection, job description, validity of results, feasibility of developing an evaluation system, utility of performance evaluation and recommendations. KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Job analysis KW - Level of service KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel KW - Personnel management KW - Police KW - Police traffic direction KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136910 AU - Carr, R W AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION STUDY CRASH TEST PROGRAM - VOLUME II - TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/04 SP - 190 p. AB - The objective of the vehicle crash test program was to develop test methodology for a series of vehicle rating tests and to produce a data base for use in determining crashworthiness and damage susceptibility ratings for contemporary automobiles. The crash test program was conducted over a 15-1/2 month period and was divided into two phases. The Phase I requirements were for ten crash tests of two 1973 intermediate-size automobiles. These tests included rigid barrier, moving barrier, and car-to-car impacts, at speeds ranging from 15 to 30 mph. Phase II involved twelve crash tests of the comparable 1974 intermediate-size automobiles. These tests included only rigid barrier, frontal impacts, and car-to-car front-to-rear impacts at speeds ranging from 8 to 35 mph. Phase II also included static and dynamic vehicle component tests on each vehicle. Summaries of the Phase I and II crash test programs and the predictive analysis are given along with comparisons between the test values and predicted values. KW - Appraisals KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic tests KW - Frontal crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Methodology KW - Ratings KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Static tests KW - Testing KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133435 AU - Carr, R W AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION STUDY CRASH TEST PROGRAM. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/04 SP - 26 p. AB - The objective of the program was to develop test methodology for a series of vehicle rating tests and to produce a data base for use in determining crashworthiness and damage susceptibility ratings for contemporary automobiles. The crash test program was conducted over a 15-1/2 month period and was divided into two phases. The Phase I requirements were for ten crash tests of two 1973 intermediate-size automobiles. These tests included rigid barrier, moving barrier, and car-to-car impacts, at speeds ranging from 15 to 30 mph. Phase II involved twelve crash tests of the comparable 1974 intermediate-size automobiles. These tests included only rigid barrier, frontal impacts, and car-to-car front-to-rear impacts at speeds ranging from 8 to 35 mph. Phase II also included static and dynamic vehicle component tests on each vehicle. KW - Automobiles KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Databases KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintainability KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protection KW - Ratings KW - Safety engineering KW - Speed KW - Test procedures KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic speed UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133423 AU - American Testing Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TEST OF VEHICLE SEATING REFERENCE USING THE SAE J826B H-POINT MACHINE PY - 1976/04 SP - 96 p. AB - SAE J826b Hip-Point machine installation procedures were selected as those showing the least variability of Hip-Point location from repeated installations. The variability of a vehicle SRP to the Hip-Point as determined by machine installation was found to be described by a rectangle with limits of 2 inches horizontally by 1 inch vertically. KW - Anthropometry KW - Automotive engineering KW - Building KW - Equipment tests KW - Experimental data KW - Facilities KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information processing KW - Installation KW - Machine design KW - Machines KW - Methodology KW - Recommendations KW - Reference point signing KW - Seats KW - Selection KW - Specialized training KW - Test equipment KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Variables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133326 AU - Bensen, O C AU - North Dakota State Highway Patrol AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NORTH DAKOTA SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM (STEP). PROJECT DIRECTOR'S REPORT PY - 1976/04 SP - 69 p. AB - The Selective Traffic Enforcement Program task force operated in a rural environment and encompassed the area of two counties, Grand Forks County and Cass County. The overall objective was to secure voluntary compliance with existing traffic laws by the motoring public and provide for a reduction in traffic crashes and their severity. In Grand Forks County, the countermeasures of line patrol and conspicuous stationary observation patrol were employed. In Cass County a highly publicized public information program combined with a radar speed control was designed to bring about compliance by the motoring public with the existing speed limitations. In Cass County another experiment was to determine the effectiveness of an alcohol roadside screening device operated by selected officers in relationship to a control group not having access to the screening device. KW - Alcohols KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Equipment KW - Highway traffic control KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - North Dakota KW - Patrol KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Regulations KW - Roadside KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Screenings KW - Selectivity KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133331 AU - Serdinov, S M AU - David, N A AU - Tacoma, City of, Washington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - CITY OF TACOMA SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM (STEP) PY - 1976/04 SP - 90 p. AB - The city of Tacoma Selective Traffic Enforcement Program (STEP) was one of several demonstration programs sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The purpose of these programs was to examine various methods of selective enforcement and their relationship to accidents. The Tacoma STEP was unique in that new and somewhat controversial methods of enforcement were researched. The program was conducted as a series of experiments. The degree of penalty severity, methods of violator contact, officer vehicle visibility, officer scheduling, driver attitude toward the program, and effects on future driving behavior were examined in detail. Accident effects of the various methods were studied at a very localized level and on a city-wide basis. KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Crashes KW - Demonstration projects KW - Drivers KW - Enforcement KW - Experiments KW - Highway traffic control KW - Law enforcement KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Penalties KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Selectivity KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas KW - Visibility KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133327 AU - Hackman, KDJ AU - Hayes, L B AU - North Dakota State Highway Patrol AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NORTH DAKOTA SELECTIVE TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM (STEP). FINAL EVALUATION PY - 1976/04 SP - 179 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the North Dakota Selective Traffic Enforcement Program. Five experiments in two counties were evaluated. It was found that the STEP activities of live patrol and conspicuous observation in Grand Forks County were associated with significant reductions in accidents and injuries during a time when these parameters were increasing in the rest of the State. In Cass county it was found that radar speed enforcement combined with a public information campaign was associated with a dramatic increase in compliance with the speed limit. Portable pre-arrest breath testers were given by enforcement officers assigned to experimental groups and their records were compared to officers assigned control groups. The officers with the device made significantly more arrests with significantly lower BAC's than those without. A special speed enforcement study yielded inconclusive results due to speed recording equipment problems resulting in inadequate data. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Control groups KW - Drivers KW - Enforcement KW - Experiments KW - Highway traffic control KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - North Dakota KW - Patrol KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Radar KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Selectivity KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133325 AU - Grimm, A C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL/SAFETY PUBLIC INFORMATION MATERIALS CATALOG NO. 3 PY - 1976/04 SP - 218 p. AB - The Materials Catalog is designed for use by persons developing new public information programs on alcohol and highway safety. It lists materials produced for previous campaigns along with journal articles and reports describing and evaluating such programs. Materials and reports listed in the catalog may be borrowed free of charge. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Broadcasting KW - Catalogs KW - Display devices KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Information display systems KW - Information systems KW - Mass media KW - Periodicals KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Programs KW - Publicity KW - Television KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131360 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEWS. MARCH 12, 1976 PY - 1976/03/12 SP - 3 p. AB - Accident studies designed to give an accurate picture of the alcohol/accident problem, an idea of the effectiveness of the ASAP (Alcohol Safety Action Projects) programs, and better identification of the problem drinker most likely to become involved in an alcohol-involved crash, have resulted in the development of the "fatal driver profile". Studies in Boston indicated that 39 percent of the fatal accidents involved alcohol, a combination of alcohol and other drugs, or other drugs alone. A decline was noted in the alcohol related fatalities after initiation of the ASAP project. In Baltimore 42 percent of the fatal accidents involved alcohol as the primary cause. Psychological evaluation of more than 200 fatally injured drivers showed that such factors may be more important than either age or alcohol in causing fatal accidents. Investigations in Albuquerque revealed that 60 percent of the alcohol-involved accidents occurred on weekends and 67 percent at night. Investigation of 220 of these total accidents showed that 90 percent of the alcohol involved drivers were responsible for the accident. In Oklahoma City, investigators noted the effectiveness of the ASAP program in comparison with Tulsa which does not have such a program. KW - Aging KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohols KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Behavior KW - Crash investigation KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Night KW - Problem drivers KW - Psychotropic agents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197545 AU - Maltez, F AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES COUNTERMEASURE, PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR 1975 PY - 1976/03 SP - 29 p. AB - In cooperation with the Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP), two district field offices of the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) participated in a three year program with the Alcohol Safety Action Project. The program was aimed first at having DMV staff identify problem drinkers from among persons whose driving records were being reviewed by the Department. Secondly, it was directed toward having suspected problem drinkers referred to the Diagnostic, Evaluation and Referral Center (DER) for diagnostic evaluation and appropriate treatment. The number of driver's suspected of being problem drinkers and the subsequent number of referrals to the DER clinic was used as criteria to determine whether the countermeasure was effective. The number of referrals to the DER center were fairly low. However, the data does not reflect the fact that the DMV began referring to other rehabilitation agencies. The ASAP-involved DMV offices have integrated the referral process into their regular program, and are using a widening variety of resource agencies. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - California KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Licenses KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133114 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Public Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE DRIVER IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS REPORT ON PROGRAM STATUS/RECOMMENDATIONS. VOLUME I - SUMMARY PY - 1976/03 SP - 81 p. AB - A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to driver improvement effectiveness and a detailed examination of prior state-of-the-art reviews by Kaestner (1968) and Goldstein (1973) are presented. Discussion is presented regarding evidence that: (1) traffic violation frequency can be reduced by a variety of techniques, including warning letters, group meetings and individual hearings; (2) paradoxically, conviction reduction has generally not been accompanied by accident reduction even though accidents and convictions are known to be correlated; (3) reduction in accident frequency has proven very difficult to demonstrate; (4) the results of most studies must be regarded as negative or equivocal; and (5) there has been failure to conduct evaluative research on a programmatic basis and attempts at replicating prior research studies have been rare. KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral objectives KW - Crash rates KW - Driver improvement effort KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Hearings KW - Improvements KW - Licenses KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Reviews KW - State government KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic violators KW - Warning letters KW - Warnings (Police operations) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150430 AU - Surti, J AU - LEVY, P AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF SAMPLE SIZE BASED ON ALPHA AND BETA RISKS PY - 1976/03 SP - 10 p. AB - Sampling theory is often used in the evaluation of Traffic Safety Deomonstration Programs. This report sets forth a set of sampling tables that can be used by an experiment designer who has a knowledge of sampling theory. A sample size formula is presented which uses both Alpha and Beta levels. The "Power of the Test" is used to determine sample size and what tradeoffs can be made in sample size by varying the requirements of Type I and Type II errors. An appendix is also included. KW - Alpha particles KW - Alpha rays KW - Beta particles KW - Beta rays KW - Demonstration projects KW - Sample size KW - Sampling KW - Statistical sampling KW - Tables (Data) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148803 AU - Perel, M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYZING THE ROLE OF DRIVER/VEHICLE INCOMPATIBILITIES IN ACCIDENT CAUSATION USING POLICE REPORTS PY - 1976/03 SP - 16 p. AB - An analysis of police accident reports was conducted to determine whether driver problems with vehicle controls, vehicle visibility systems, and vehicle lighting contribute to automobile accidents. By enumerating the various real-world, accident-related problems experienced by drivers with these vehicle systems, the analysis reinforces the findings from past analytical and experimental studies that have identified deficiencies in the designs of these vehicle components. The major drawback with this approach is that the data base cannot be used to accurately estimate the magnitudes of the problems. /Author/ KW - Control KW - Crash causes KW - Crash reports KW - Databases KW - Police KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147323 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BICYCLE SAFETY PY - 1976/03 SP - 79 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to bicycle safety. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Bibliographies KW - Bicycles KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147324 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC SAFETY EFFECTS OF FUEL SHORTAGE AND SPEED LIMITS PY - 1976/03 SP - 51 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to speed limits and fuel consumption. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Bibliographies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Shortages KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Supply KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136817 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BRAKING EFFICIENCY TEST TECHNIQUE PY - 1976/03 SP - 221 p. AB - The study describes a method whereby vehicle stopping performance can be specified, measured, and compared independently of the test surface. The method provides for an independent measure of the prevailing friction potential of the test surface. This measure is used to normalize the measured stopping performance of the test vehicle. The concept presented is tailored toward a safety argument and toward rulemaking as a potential adaptation to braking effectiveness requirements which currently exist. A new mobile tire dynamometer, developed for this program, is discussed. KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Distance KW - Dynamometers KW - Incidence matrices KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Requirement KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133418 AU - Hatterick, G R AU - Bathurst, J R AU - URS/Matrix Research Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE SKILL TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE TESTING PY - 1976/03 SP - 343 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of training drivers to acquire skills needed to avoid critical conflict motor vehicle accidents, and to develop the procedures and materials necessary for such training. Basic data were derived from conduct of in depth accident investigations and task analyses of driver behavior. A specification was prepared for curriculum development and performance measurement, and a prototype bimodal simulator was developed as a training tool for acquisition of key perceptual and decision making skills. A concept was also defined for behind-the-wheel training on an Advanced Drivers Range. Results to date indicate that the program should continue to complete materials development and training of drivers. KW - Abilities KW - Behavior KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash investigation KW - Curricula KW - Decision making KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance tests KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Specialized training KW - Task analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133224 AU - Welch, R E AU - Bruce, R W AU - Belytschko, T AU - IIT Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURES UNDER CRASH LOADINGS. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1976/03 SP - 24 p. AB - A research project was undertaken to develop a finite element computer program for use in the dynamic analysis of vehicle structures, including sheet metal, in a crash environment. This research program involved the following major tasks: A technique was developed for the finite element analysis of the dynamic response of plate beam structures involving very large displacements and rotations and elastic-plastic material behavior. The principal feature of this technique involves the decomposition of the element displacement field into rigid body components and deformation components thus allowing the use of a small deflection formulation in the analysis. A computer program was developed incorporating this analysis procedure for beam and plate elements and rigid links together with appropriate time integration procedures and material property descriptions. KW - Beams KW - Beams (Support) KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Finite element method KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal plates KW - Metal sheets KW - Motor vehicles KW - Plastic deformation KW - Plate metal KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Plates (Structural members) KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Sheet metal KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133231 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Public Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE DRIVER IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS REPORT ON PROGRAM STATUS/RECOMMENDATIONS. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1976/03 SP - 378 p. AB - This report presents a review and analysis of the status of driver improvement and makes recommendations for upgrading present programs and for innovations. Volume 3 includes tabulations of responses by the state licensing agency driver improvement officials to the survey questionnaire. A breakdown of response by individual states, a summary of the status of driver improvement in each state, based on the on-site survey, the interviews and the court referral program survey, and a list of respondents to the court referral driver improvement survey, with additional information on other court referral programs. KW - Data collection KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drivers KW - Improvements KW - Interviewing KW - Licenses KW - Modernization KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - State government KW - States KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133191 AU - General Electric AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE RATING SYSTEMS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION STUDY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/03 SP - 57 p. AB - The material contained in this report was developed as part of a study to determine methods for rating passenger motor vehicles according to their damage susceptibility, crashworthiness, and maintainability characteristics. This development program was conducted between June 11, 1974 and January 12, 1976 in support of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration program for providing the automobile purchasing public with comparative information on the various makes and models of passenger cars. KW - Automobiles KW - Automobiles by type KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crashworthiness KW - Economic factors KW - Insurance KW - Maintainability KW - Quality assurance KW - Ratings KW - Vehicle make KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133225 AU - Welch, R E AU - Bruce, R W AU - Belytschko, T AU - IIT Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURES UNDER CRASH LOADINGS. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/03 SP - 159 p. AB - A research project was undertaken to develop a finite element computer program for use in the dynamic analysis of vehicle structures, including sheet metal, in a crash environment. This research program involved the following major tasks: A technique was developed for the finite element analysis of the dynamic response of plate beam structures involving very large displacements and rotations and elastic-plastic material behavior. The principal feature of this technique involves the decomposition of the element displacement field into rigid body components and deformation components thus allowing the use of a small deflection formulation in the analysis. KW - Beams KW - Beams (Support) KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Finite element method KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Metal plates KW - Metal sheets KW - Motor vehicles KW - Plastic deformation KW - Plate metal KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Plates (Structural members) KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Sheet metal KW - Structural analysis KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133341 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Winkler, C B AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BRAKING EFFICIENCY TEST TECHNIQUE PY - 1976/03 SP - 35 p. AB - A braking efficiency test technique provides a method whereby vehicle stopping performance can be specified, measured, and compared independently of the test surface. The method provides for an independent measure of the prevailing friction potential of the test surface. This measure is used to normalize the measured stopping performance of the test vehicle. The concept presented is tailored toward a safety argument and toward rulemaking as a potential adaptation to braking effectiveness requirements which currently exist. A new mobile tire dynamometer, developed for this program, is discussed, as are the results of a demonstration test program carried out at the Bendix Automotive Development Center. KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Demonstration projects KW - Dynamometers KW - Friction KW - Highway safety KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Stopping distances KW - Test procedures KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133334 AU - Kapa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT TEST REPORTS INDEX FOR 1975 PY - 1976/03 SP - 581 p. AB - The report is an index to Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which were released to the public during calendar year 1975. This is the seventh in a series of indexes to the Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the NHTSA. The first index covers the year 1969 and is out of print, but is available for examination in the Administration. Subsequent indexes are available from the National Technical Information Service. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Automotive engineering KW - Components KW - Design standards KW - Enforcement KW - Highway safety KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Lighting equipment KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133115 AU - McGuire, J P AU - Public Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATE DRIVER IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS REPORT ON PROGRAM STATUS/RECOMMENDATIONS. VOLUME II - TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1976/03 SP - 264 p. AB - The desirable attributes of a driver improvement program are presented in terms of a model driver improvement system. The model system includes descriptions of a planning component, an operations component, and a research and evaluation component. A strategy for NHTSA funding for selected, and recommended driver improvement program implementations in the states is described. Based on the model and the results of the surveys, specific recommendations for each state are presented along with a schedule for implementation in the 1, 2 to 3, and 3 to 10 year time frames. KW - Driver improvement effort KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Improvements KW - Licenses KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - State government KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133190 AU - General Electric AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE RATING SYSTEMS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE CONSUMER INFORMATION STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1976/03 SP - 25 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology capable of rating motor vehicles according to their damage susceptibility, crashworthiness, and maintainability characteristics. Insurance claim files and state accident records, as well as special files retained by NHTSA, form the principal data base used in the preliminary development of damage susceptibility and crashworthiness methodologies. Motor vehicle fleet operations proved to be the most reliable source for maintainability information. The feasibility of mathematical modeling as a predictive source of rating development was explored. Simulations of representative accident conditions were modeled to obtain vehicle performance characteristics which were compared to actual crash tests. Both vehicle dynamic and occupant response models were utilized to simulate front, rear, and side accident conditions. In addition to the development of vehicle rating criteria, the study considered the effect of such a rating system would have upon insurance premiums. KW - Automobile insurance KW - Automobiles KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Databases KW - Economic factors KW - Impact tests KW - Insurance KW - Maintainability KW - Mathematical models KW - Quality assurance KW - Ratings KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094427 AU - Farris, R AU - Malone, T B AU - Lilliefors, H AU - Essex Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF ALCOHOL INVOLVEMENT IN EXPOSED AND INJURED DRIVERS, PHASES I AND II PY - 1976/02 SP - 116 p. AB - The study was conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to investigate the role that alcohol plays in automobile accidents involving injury. Data were collected from drivers involved in such type accidents and also from drivers who were not involved but were similarly exposed to such accidents. Collection of data basically involved: (a) Interviewing and measuring Blood/Breath Alcohol Content (BAC) of accident drivers at the scenes of accidents, in hospitals, or at police stations; (b) interviewing and measuring BAC's of non-accident drivers at the same location of each accident. The most relevant findings of the study were: (a) Drivers involved in injury-producing accidents had significantly higher BAC's than drivers who were exposed to the same environment but who were not involved in accidents; (b) drivers who had a high lvel of BAC were more likely to become involved in injury-producing accidents than drivers who did not have high BAC's; (c) drivers who were driving with a BAC greater than or equal to .030 were found to be at fault more frequently in injury-producing accidents than drivers who were also involved in accidents but who had not been drinking. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25438/DOT-HS-801-826.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094499 AU - Anderson, R L AU - Wesson, L E AU - Starr, D S AU - Jindra, F AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HANDLING TEST PROCEDURES FOR LIGHT TRUCKS, VANS, AND RECREATIONAL VEHICLES. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/02 SP - 31 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of a multidisciplined investigation of the safety-related handling behavior of recreational vehicles. The study developed test procedures suitable for evaluations of the handling performance of light trucks, vans, and truck chassis-based recreational vehicles under realistic highway driving maneuvers. Specific vehicles considered included a Class A motor home, Class C motor home, VW Van, Pickup and Camper, and a four-wheel drive Jeep Wagoneer. Each vehicle was also simulated on an updated hybrid computer. The procedures are braking-in-a-turn, sinusoidal steer, trapezoidal steer, trapezoidal steer while braking, road roughness in a turn, and crosswind sensitivity. KW - Braking KW - Dwellings KW - Dynamic tests KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Recreation KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Vane shear tests KW - Vanes (Machinery) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136911 AU - Boyatzis, R E AU - McBer and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF POWER MOTIVATION TRAINING AS A REHABILITATION COUNTERMEASURE FOR DWIS PY - 1976/02 SP - 105 p. AB - The objectives of the project were: (a) To generate the interest and commitment of ASAPs and treatment agencies in utilizing Power Motivation Training (PMT) with DWIs; (b) to train counselors and staff from the ASAP and treatment agencies to conduct PMT with DWIs; (c) to assist in the design and implementation of a research design to evaluate the impact of PMT with DWIs; and (d) to provide on-going technical assistance to staff trained in PMT. During the first year of the project five ASAPs were involved. Organizational problems led to four of the ASAPs not using PMT with DWIs following training of staff. None of the ASAPs implemented an evaluation design. During the second year of the project, efforts were made to establish organizational commitment of ASAPs and treatment agencies involved in the project to the use of PMT with DWIs, and to help these agencies plan for its implementation. Eight ASAP sites were involved in the training and all are currently utilizing PMT with DWIs. An evaluation design was established and implemented in all of the ASAPs as a part of the Short-Term Rehabilitation Evaluation Project. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Group therapy KW - Highway safety KW - Implementation KW - Motivation KW - Organizations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Psychotherapy KW - Rehabilitation KW - Specialized training KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133095 AU - Enserink, E AU - Dynamic Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SELF-CONTAINED ANTHROPOMORPHIC DUMMY DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM PY - 1976/02 SP - 143 p. AB - The purpose of the test program was to evaluate a self-contained solid state digital data acquisition system mounted in a 50th percentile male anthropomorphic dummy. The program consisted of conducting five automobile crash tests of various types with the crash-recorder-equipped dummy occupying different seating positions in each test and restrained by either conventional belts or an air cushion restraint system. Following each test the data were extracted from the self-contained recorder and transcribed onto a magnetic tape for further processing and the computation of dummy injury criteria. KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Digital computers KW - Digital recording KW - Digital systems KW - Dummies KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Males KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Photography KW - Recording KW - Recording instruments KW - Solid state devices KW - Tables (Data) KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133098 AU - Niemann, R A AU - Ziedman, K AU - Amex Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DATA ANALYSIS FOR DRIVER PERFORMANCE STUDIES. VOLUME II. A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYSIS OF EYE MOVEMENT PATTERNS PY - 1976/02 SP - LO pp AB - A digital computer program is described which analyzes visual search data from subjects watching a traffic film while performing a simulated driving task. Classification of eye states into saccades, fixations, pursuits, and blinks, statistical summaries of eye movement patterns, analysis of 'looks' at pre-selected events in the film, and analysis of a discrete response task performed by the subject are included in the capabilities of the program. Sources of error and program accuracy are discussed. The program is written in FORTRAN IV and is presently implemented on the IBM 360 at the UCLA Campus Computing Network. Volume I of this report is entitled PDP-8 Data Acquisition System for Driver Performance Studies. KW - Anatomy KW - Computer programs KW - Data analysis KW - Digital computers KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Eye KW - Eye anatomy KW - Eye movements KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motion KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Simulation KW - Traffic safety KW - Visual search UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133096 AU - Burger, RWJ AU - Kemmerer, R AU - Moskowitz, H A AU - Amex Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DATA ANALYSIS FOR DRIVER PERFORMANCE STUDIES. VOLUME I. PDP-8 DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR DRIVER SIMULATION LABORATORIES PY - 1976/02 SP - 263 p. AB - A data collection and handling system developed for driving simulation laboratories is described. The system is based on a PDP-8 computer with A/D conversion capabilities and a magnetic tape drive. The systems output is an IBM 360 compatible 9-track magnetic tape. Software developed for sampling and recording driver response data is documented. KW - Anatomy KW - Computer programs KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Data sampling KW - Driver performance KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Eye KW - Eye anatomy KW - Head KW - Information processing KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motion KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel performance KW - Reaction time KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Statistical sampling KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094602 AU - Woodhouse, E J AU - Midwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MARIHUANA CONTACT TEST, EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1976/02 SP - 129 p. AB - A colorimetric swab test for detecting human contact with marihuana was evaluated. The test was found to be capable of detecting only 83% of marihuana smokers immediately after smoking and was also demonstrated to be subject to a wide range of possible interferences. An alternative test was developed using thin-layer chromatography as the method for detecting marihuana constituents from a skin swab. This test detected 86% of the smokers immediately after smoking and was not demonstrated to be subject to any interferences. Recommendations are presented on practical uses for this test. KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chemical detection KW - Chemical tests KW - Chromatography KW - Colorimetry KW - Design volume KW - Detection and identification systems KW - Drugs KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental data KW - Hallucinogenic drugs KW - Highway safety KW - Human beings KW - Marijuana KW - Pharmacology KW - Photometers KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Skin KW - Smoking KW - Tables (Data) KW - Testing KW - Thin layers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25429/DOT-HS-801-828.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094610 AU - Anderson, R L AU - Wesson, L E AU - Starr, D S AU - Jindra, F AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HANDLING TEST PROCEDURES FOR LIGHT TRUCKS, VANS, AND RECREATIONAL VEHICLES PY - 1976/02 SP - 308 p. AB - The report contains the results of a multidisciplined investigation of the safety-related handling behavior of recreational vehicles. This study satisfied the program's primary objective of developing, validating, and documenting a set of dynamic performance test procedures that are suitable for making first order appraisals and evaluations of the handling performance of light trucks, vans, and truck chassis-based recreational vehicles under realistic highway driving maneuvers. Specific vehicles considered included a Class A motor home, Class C motor home, VW Van, Pickup and Camper, and a four-wheel drive Jeep Wagoneer. Each vehicle was simulated on an updated hybrid computer to aid in development of test procedures. Vehicle physical properties were measured. A set of six procedures was developed. The procedures are braking-in-a-turn, sinusoidal steer, trapezoidal steer, trapezoidal steer while braking, road roughness in a turn, and crosswind sensitivity. KW - Braking KW - Delivery vehicles KW - Dwellings KW - Dynamic tests KW - Light trucks KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Physical properties KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Recreation KW - Roughness KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131717 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEWS. JANUARY 12, 1976 PY - 1976/01/12 AB - An ultrasonic testing procedure has been developed that will permit tire retreaders to select sound tire casings (in less than two minutes), which will assure longer lasting and safer recycled tires. This cost-effective (of several techniques tested) technique can inspect a tire, finding sepaerations, belt breaks and misalignments and nail holes. Recent tests on more than 100 tires (all construction types, 14"-15" sizes and various manufactures) indicate that eventual mechanical improvements can be made that will reduce this inspection time to less than one minute. It has been estimated that industrial versions of the system can be manufactured for less than $10,000 each. A demonstration, which may be scheduled for interested parties, along with the systems evaluation and all acquired technical data would be sufficient to permit the retread industry to perform all of the necessary development and marketing of the tire inspection equipment. A technical report on the new system may also be obtained. KW - Alignment KW - Belts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Inspection KW - Manual safety belts KW - Manufacturing KW - Marketing KW - Recycling KW - Retreaded tires KW - Separation KW - Tires KW - Ultrasonic tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01365497 AU - Beare, Arthur N AU - Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Drinking-Driving Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior: An Analysis of the 1973 and 1974 Household Surveys of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project PY - 1976/01 SP - 64p AB - The results of the 1974 Household Survey of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project indicated an unimpressive level of factual knowledge which had not increased significantly since the 1973 survey. There were virtually no meaningful shifts in the respondents' perceptions of the risks of driving while under the influence of alcohol, or of their attitudes toward various measures proposed to counter the problem of the drinking driver. Attitude measures indicated a healthy appreciation of the risks involved in driving while under the influence of alcohol. Little change in behavior was noted except for an increase in the number of drivers who reported that they had at least occasionally driven after drinking. Judging from the survey results, it must be concluded that the public information and education campaign during the year preceding the 1974 Household Survey was ineffectual in increasing the general level of alcohol related knowledge or in changing public attitudes toward the drinking driver, especially when compared with the results of the 1973 campaign. KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fairfax (Virginia) KW - Knowledge KW - Public information programs KW - Safety campaigns UR - http://www.virginiadot.org/vtrc/main/online_reports/pdf/76-r35.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37600/37697/76-R35.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1133874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147322 AU - Flynn, L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FUEL TANK SYSTEMS PY - 1976/01 SP - 49 p. AB - The bibliography represents literature acquired since the establishment of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in 1967, as related to fuel tank systems in motor vehicles. It is comprised of NHTSA contract reports, reports of other organizations concerned with highway safety, and articles from periodicals in related fields. Citations follow the format used in the monthly abstract journal Highway Safety Literature and are indexed by a key-word-out-of-context (KWOC) listing, author, corporate author, contract number, and report number. KW - Abstracts KW - Automobiles KW - Bibliographies KW - Buses KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuel tanks KW - Gasoline KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pollution KW - Safety equipment KW - Standards KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142015 AU - Herzog, T N AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INJURY RATE AS A FUNCTION OF TRUCK WEIGHTS IN CAR-TRUCK ACCIDENTS (REVISED) PY - 1976/01 SP - 27 p. AB - The preliminary results of an analysis of 13,177 car-truck accidents in 1973, which involved either injury or property damage in excess of $2,000 are presented. The relationship between truck weight and truck occupant injuries, nontruck occupant injuries, and nontruck occupant deaths was examined. It was found that the fatality rate for nontruck (car) occupants was directly proportional to the weight of the truck, while the injury and fatality rate for truck occupants became constant for trucks weighing more than 20,000 pounds. /Author/ KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094494 AU - Horton, W F AU - Belew, W W AU - Wuerdemann, H AU - Overbey, J W AU - Mitre Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DETERMINING TARGET DRIVERS FOR SPEED-ORIENTED COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1976/01 SP - 10 p. AB - In an effort to reduce the number and severity of motor vehicle accidents, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is considering the possibilities of directing speed-oriented countermeasures toward selected drivers. One countermeasure under consideration is the installation of speed governors to limit vehicle speed to a prespecified limit. A fundamental element in initiating a program of this nature is the identification of the drivers to become targets of the particular countermeasure. As a first step toward that objective, MITRE has examined speed limit compliance among drivers involved in fatal accidents. Additionally, national estimates have been developed for the number of drivers whose involvement in a fatal accident would have been affected by a 55 mph speed curb. KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Governors (Devices) KW - Governors /mechanical/ KW - Identification systems KW - Identifying KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Speed control KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094497 AU - Planning and Human Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW OF STATE AND COMMUNITY HIGHWAY ALCOHOL SAFETY PROJECTS: A STUDY OF THE STIMULUS EFFECT OF NHTSA ALCOHOL SAFETY PROGRAMS. VOLUME II PY - 1976/01 SP - 96 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to determine the impact of the ASAP and other Federal alcohol safety programs on state and community highway alcohol safety projects, to devise a project classification system, and to gather information helpful in providing guidance to projects. Self-administered questionnaires were returned by a sample of state Governor's Offices and Project Directors throughout the country. Findings show that the ASAP program stimulates the success of projects and activities directed at the drinking and driving problem. Factors important for project effectiveness include; Prior ASAP experience of staff; coordination of each countermeasure area; referral of DWI offenders to educational and treatment courses; use of mass media for PI&E; selective enforcement efforts and special patrols; certified operators on duty 24 hours a day all year; judicial seminars; recommendation to judges regarding treatment; identification and utilization of local resources; a year's probation for convicted DWIs; evaluation after treatment; the use of Advisory Committees. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Community action programs KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Professional personnel KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094415 AU - Greene, J E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OCCUPANT SURVIVABILITY IN LATERAL COLLISIONS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/01 SP - 33 p. AB - The program focused on evaluating the extent of occupant protection offered by a conventional, full-size automobile when involved in various types of intervehicular lateral collisions, and assessing the feasibility of improving such protection by the incorporation of structural, glazing and interior modifications (or combinations thereof). A total of seven baseline and six modified vehicle crash tests were performed, as well as numerous developmental tests of various energy-absorbing glazing and padding constructions. The report contains an overview of the developmental testing effort and pertinent results; conclusions and recommendations based on these results are also presented. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Energy absorption KW - Glazing KW - Impact shock KW - Impact tests KW - Insulating materials KW - Materials KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - Side crashes KW - Structural engineering KW - Survival KW - Testing KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094493 AU - Wuerdemann, H AU - Belew, W W AU - Overbey, J W AU - Horton, W F AU - Mitre Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVERS IN FATAL CRASHES WITH AND WITHOUT DRIVER TRAINING PY - 1976/01 SP - 9 p. AB - The approach taken in this study was to compare the fatal crash involvements of drivers with training to the fatal involvements of those drivers without training, while controlling (to the extent possible) for certain driver, vehicle, roadway and selected exposure parameters (e.g., time of day). The data used in this analysis were taken from the Fatal Accident Files (FAF) as maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for the Jan., 1973 - June, 1974 time frame. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094509 AU - Greene, J E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OCCUPANT SURVIVABILITY IN LATERAL COLLISIONS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1976/01 SP - 117 p. AB - The program focused on evaluating the extent of occupant protection offered by a conventional, full-size automobile when involved in various types of intervehicular lateral collisions, and assessing the feasibility of improving such protection by the incorporation of structural, glazing and interior modifications (or combinations thereof). A total of seven baseline and six modified vehicle crash tests were performed, as well as a large number of developmental tests of various energy-absorbing glazing and padding constructions. The report is divided into two parts; Volume I is the main body of the technical presentation and Volume II contains supporting test data and related information. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Coatings KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Glazes KW - Impact tests KW - Laminates KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties KW - Surfaces KW - Testing KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094416 AU - Reynolds, H M AU - Young, J W AU - McConville, J T AU - Snyder, R G AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - Webb Associates, Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MASTERBODY FORMS FOR THREE-YEAR OLD AND SIX-YEAR OLD CHILD DUMMIES PY - 1976/01 SP - 110 p. AB - A study was undertaken to define, construct, measure and evaluate the size, shape and mass distribution of masterbody forms representative of 3-year old and 6-year old United States children. The authors' best collective judgment defined a list of 98 anthropometric dimensions which were to be used to construct clay masterbody phantom. These phantoms were constructed using dimensional data abstracted from the available literature. The clay phantoms were sculptured and then reproduced exactly in dental stone. The dental stone casts were segmented into 10 body segments representing the head, neck, upper torso, lower torso, upper arm, lower arm, hand, upper leg, lower leg, and foot. Data derived from the measurement of weight, volume, center of mass and mass moments of inertia on each of the resulting body segments are presented. KW - Adolescents KW - Anatomical models KW - Anatomy KW - Anthropometry KW - Children KW - Dummies KW - Highway transportation KW - Measurement KW - Minors KW - Model tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Weight KW - Weight mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094510 AU - Greene, J E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - OCCUPANT SURVIVABILITY IN LATERAL COLLISIONS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1976/01 SP - 681 p. AB - The study investigates the feasibility of modifications to the interior and glazing of a full-size automobile which, when combined with structural modifications to upgrade structural integrity, would enhance occupant survivability in severe lateral collision accidents. Main elements of the project were (1) performance of baseline lateral collision tests under various impact modes, (2) developmental testing of advanced interior padding and glazing materials, (3) fabrication of vehicles incorporating modified structures, interiors and side glazing, (4) performance of lateral collision tests of the modified vehicles, and (5) evaluating the results and providing conclusions and recommendations relative to improving lateral impact protection. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Coatings KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Glazes KW - Impact tests KW - Laminates KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties KW - Surfaces KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136924 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS-DETAILED REPORTS FROM OCTOBER 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1975 PY - 1976/01 SP - 508 p. AB - The report contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the fourth quarter of 1975. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Recall campaigns KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133177 AU - RICE, R S AU - Davis, J A AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE CAPABILITIES OF MOTORCYCLES PY - 1976/01 SP - 119 p. AB - The report describes a study of motorcycle handling qualities, involving both transient and steady-state directional stability and control properties, and the development of test procedures suitable for the evaluation of these properties. The approach used in the study consisted of the application of both experimental (with one machine) and simulation techniques (with six motorcycles) for the identification of the significant physical properties and performance measures with which to characterize the machine's accident avoidance capabilities. Emphasis was placed on evaluating the input-output relationships for the group of motorcycles in a series of constant speed-variable radius (hence, variable lateral acceleration) runs covering a range of cornering capability which encompasses normal operation. The primary test used for evaluating transient maneuvering and rider-vehicle interaction characteristics was the single lane change. Supporting activity involved testing of nine motorcycle tires in eighteen configurations to obtain side force performance data developed through slip angle and inclination angle. KW - Control KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Loads KW - Maneuverability KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance tests KW - Physical properties KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094625 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 1 PY - 1976/01 VL - 7 N IS - 1 SP - 367 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. These case reports are individual, clinical studies of accidents generally involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash diagrams KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Diagrams KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094603 AU - ROMEO, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AIR BAG-CRUSHABLE DASH-KNEE BAR PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM FOR SMALL CARS, SUMMARY PY - 1976/01 SP - 35 p. AB - The objective of the program was to design, fabricate, test and evaluate a front passenger passive restraint system which would provide occupant protection under small car high speed frontal impact crash conditions. The restraint developed employs an air bag, a crushable dash panel and a knee bar. Results indicate that the restraint system developed appears capable of providing protection from fatality or serious injury to adult size occupants in a small car environment up through the 40 to 50 MPH crash speed range. The system without the air bag, i.e., the crushable dash panel and knee bar, can provide adult protection up to the 25 to 30 MPH crash speed range. Results also indicate that the system provides protection through the 35 to 40 MPH speed range for the normally seated child. Furthermore, it appears that the system will not injure a forward position child during deployment, the deployment problem being resolved through bag folding technique. KW - Adolescents KW - Adults KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Frontal crashes KW - High speed ground transportation KW - High speed vehicles KW - Highway safety KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Instrument panels KW - Manual safety belts KW - Minors KW - Passenger restraints KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety engineering KW - Small car KW - Speed KW - Testing KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094604 AU - Bonelli, C AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING VEHICLE DEFOGGING ABILITY PY - 1976/01 SP - 138 p. AB - The object of the program was to develop a laboratory test procedure which could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of vehicle defrost/defog systems in removing condensation from the interior glazing surfaces of the vehicles. Five automobiles were tested according to a basic procedure partially based on the results of work done by earlier investigations. Results of these tests were used in preparing a recommended test procedure for evaluating defogging systems. KW - Automobiles KW - Coatings KW - Condensing KW - Crash investigation KW - Defoggers KW - Defrosting KW - Dehumidifiers KW - Deicing KW - Drying KW - Evaluation KW - Fog KW - Glass KW - Glass coatings KW - Heating KW - Highway safety KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral placement KW - Measurement KW - Removal KW - Safety engineering KW - Studies KW - Tests KW - Three leg intersections KW - Windows KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094633 AU - Wuerdemann, H AU - Belew, W W AU - Helfand, R M AU - Holter, W A AU - Overbey, J W AU - Mitre Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUCKS IN SINGLE AND TWO-VEHICLE FATAL CRASHES PY - 1976/01 SP - 12 p. AB - The influence of truck size (or weight) on occupant injury severity in one and two vehicle fatal crashes was the subject of this exploratory investigation. The analyses were based on the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatal Accident File (FAF) for the January 1973 - June 1974 period. Exposure and environmental parameters - as well as impact types - were compared for different sizes of truck. KW - Casualties KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Parameters KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks KW - Trucks by weight KW - Weight KW - Weight mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094556 AU - Jindra, F AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLE FOR HYBRID COMPUTER VEHICLE HANDLING PROGRAM PY - 1976/01 SP - 199 p. AB - This report is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the documentations of the mathematical model of a four-wheeled vehicle. Particular attention is given to the derivation of the equations of motion of the sprung and unsprung masses and their subsequent modifications and revisions during the simulation development. The second part contains the requirements for the definition of the vehicle parametric data. Experimental or analytical methods are discussed to determine various mechanical properties of vehicles. KW - Computer programs KW - Derivation KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Equations KW - Functions (Mathematics) KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Hybrids KW - Kinematics KW - Mass KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical properties KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Suspension systems KW - Vehicles KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094631 AU - Stewart, J R AU - WHITE, S B AU - Clayton, C A AU - Bressler, L D AU - Research Triangle Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill TI - IMPROVED EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS PY - 1976/01 SP - 104 p. AB - A cost-effective procedure is given for estimating vehicle miles of travel (VMT) categorized by driver-vehicle-environment characteristics. The procedure utilizes odometer readings recorded during the state vehicle inspection, numbers of registered vehicles, and supplemental driving exposure information obtained through a mail survey of vehicle owners. A statewide field demonstration of the procedure was successfully conducted in North Carolina. Five-way tables of VMT involving the factors age and sex of driver, vehicle make and model year, time (day vs. night), and place (rural vs. urban) were generated to illustrate how the procedure can provide multi-way tables of exposure. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash exposure KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Estimates KW - Exposure KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Human characteristics KW - Inspection KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Oedometers KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094139 AU - Hochberg, Y AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROBLEMS OF INFERENCE IN STUDIES OF SEAT BELT EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1976/01 SP - 69 p. AB - The report contains a theoretical discussion of problems of inference in studies of seat belt effectiveness. Seat belt effectiveness in accidents is initially discussed from a population parameter point of view. Three measures are introduced and their features explored. Several inferential problems are discussed, certain simplifications obtained, and some methodology is developed. A new tool is developed for investigating the bivariate injury distribution for belted and unbelted drivers to provide insight into the mechanism of the injury-reducing potential of belts in accidents. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash investigation KW - Effectiveness KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic safety KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094129 AU - Planning and Human Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW OF STATE AND COMMUNITY HIGHWAY ALCOHOL SAFETY PROJECTS: A STUDY OF THE STIMULUS EFFECT OF NHTSA ALCOHOL SAFETY PROGRAMS. VOLUME I PY - 1976/01 SP - 31 p. AB - The objectives of the study were to determine the stimulus effect and impact of the ASAP and other Federal alcohol safety programs on state and community highway alcohol safety projects, to devise a project classification system, and to gather information helpful in providing guidance to projects. Self-administered questionnaires were returned by a sample of state Governor's Offices and Project Directors throughout the country. Exemplary projects were identified and sites visited. Findings show that the ASAP program stimulates the initiation and success of projects and activities directed at the drinking and driving problem, and that funding problems are a major obstacle to the initiation and continuation of projects. Project effectiveness is not affected by staffing configuration or part of full-time roles. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Communities KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Effectiveness KW - Ethanol KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Impacts KW - Local government KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - State government KW - States KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094133 AU - Sturgis, S P AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE HEADLIGHTING RESEARCH PY - 1976/01 SP - 166 p. AB - A research program was conducted which: (1) Quantified the characteristics of currently available motorcycle headlamps; (2) examined the headlamp aim of 90 in-service motorcycles; (3) examined the eye fixations of two motorcycle drivers while operating a motorcycle in daylight; (4) provided subjective ratings of a number of quantitatively different low beam headlamps which were evaluated in terms of photometric characteristics of the lamps; (5) determined subjectively desirable headlamp aim by enabling 20 motorcyclists to aim a headlamp while driving at night at two different speeds; and (6) provided comparisons of the relative efficiency of a number of high and low beam headlamps in field target identification tests. Results of these studies indicate that motorcycle headlamps should distribute illumination in areas on and about the road surface that are not dealt with by the low beam motorcycle photometric standard (SAE J584) specified in FMVSS 108. New photometric standards, based on the various findings, are recommended for three classes of motorcycles representing three maximum speed categories. KW - Darkness KW - Effectiveness KW - Headlamps KW - High beamed headlamps KW - High beamed headlights KW - Lighting KW - Low beamed headlamps KW - Low beamed headlights KW - Luminance KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motorcycles KW - Photometry KW - Research KW - Standards KW - Traffic safety KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094054 AU - Mill, R A AU - WILLIAMS, M L AU - Purswell, J L AU - Beaulieu, H AU - Okalhoma University Health Sciences Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION - OKLAHOMA PY - 1976/01 SP - 124 p. AB - A multidisciplinary investigation of all vehicle accidents from which a fatality occurred within 24 hours in two different cities with comparable population composition was conducted. One of the cities had an active Alcohol Safety Action Program (ASAP) while the other did not. The two cities chosen were Tulsa, Oklahoma and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It was concluded that although there was no difference between the two cities in total percentage of alcohol-related fatal accidents there were enough other indicators to conclude that the ASAP program was having a direct beneficial effect. Additional recommendations call for an increased data base, the development of mechanisms to detect nonvisible defects in the driving public. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Casualties KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Ethanol KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors engineering KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094050 AU - Melvin, J W AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHILD RESTRAINT LATERAL IMPACT TESTS PY - 1976/01 SP - 95 p. AB - A series of six 20 mph 60 deg. lateral impact tests was performed with various child restraints. The purpose of the tests was to provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art in lateral protection of child restraints which have been developed through dynamic testing. The method used to obtain the data consisted of performing simulation tests on the HSRI Impact Sled Facility. The test set-up utilized the DOT standard vehicle seat as the vehicle seat test base with Type I vehicle belts with no retractors or reels. Two test dummies were used; an Alderson VIP-3C child dummy and a six-month old infant dummy. The results of the tests are reported in terms of dummy target motion with time, anchorage belt loads versus time, sequence camera coverage and a brief narrative evaluation of the performance of each system. KW - Adolescents KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Minors KW - Performance KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094052 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RAPID RESPONSE SYSTEM TO GENERATE HIGHWAY CRASH DATA PY - 1976/01 SP - 75 p. AB - The seatbelt-ignition interlock system can rapidly provide specified highway crash data responsive to the needs of the NHTSA. This system was field tested. Data were collected in Pennsylvania during four separate periods between November 1973 and January 1975. A total of 872 cases of accident-involved 1974 model passenger cars were studied. Another 876 cases of accident-involved 1973 models were also analyzed for comparison purposes. KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Ignition KW - Ignition seat belt interlocks KW - Information processing KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094047 AU - ROMEO, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIR BAG-CRUSHABLE DASH-KNEE BAR PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM FOR SMALL CARS PY - 1976/01 SP - 102 p. AB - The objective of this program was to design, fabricate, test and evaluate a front passenger passive restraint system which would provide occupant protection under small car high speed frontal impact crash conditions. The restraint developed employs an air bag, a crushable dash panel and a knee bar. Results indicate that the restraint system developed appears capable of providing protection from fatality or serious injury to adult size occupants in a small car environment up thru the 40 to 50 MPH crash speed range. The system without the air bag, i.e., the crushable dash panel and knee bar, can provide adult protection up to the 25 to 30 MPH crash speed range. Results also indicate that the system provides protection thru the 35 to 40 MPH speed range for the normally seated child. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Bars (Building materials) KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable devices KW - Inflatable structures KW - Knees anatomy KW - Panels KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety equipment KW - Shielding KW - Small car KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772956 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles AU - Polhemus Navigation Sciences, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LORAN-C CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS : FINAL REPORT PY - 1976 SP - iii, 82 p. AB - Terrestrial applications of Loran-C, a radio navigation system, are investigated with respect to operational, technical, economic, and social factors. Applications are distributed into three major categories: automatic vehicle monitoring, automatic vehicle location or dispatch, and site registration. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772606 AU - Espeland, R H AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Institute for Telecommunication Sciences TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES PY - 1976 SP - 3 v. AB - These series of reports investigate the potential of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)/electromagnetic interference (EI) problems associated with the use of electronic systems for the control and safety of road vehicles. KW - Interference KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721393 AU - Maryland Police Training Commission AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC: INSTRUCTORS GUIDE 2 PY - 1976 SP - 194 p. AB - This is section 2 of the Instructors Guide for the Maryland state police training course in police traffic services, including traffic law enforcement. It contains the following elements: Abstracts for each self-instructional unit; Objectives for each self-instructional unit; Pertinent information which the instructor, but not the student, needs to know in regard to the unit; Reference materials, both textual and audio-visual; Pretests; Posttests; Keys to Pretests/Posttests; and Response sheets for pretests, embedded self-tests, and posttests. KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Instructors KW - Maryland KW - Police KW - Police traffic services KW - Police training KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Training KW - Training courses KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721392 AU - Maryland Police Training Commission AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC: INSTRUCTOR'S GUIDE 1 PY - 1976 SP - 228 p. AB - This is section 1 of the Instructors Guide for the Maryland state police training course in police traffic services, including traffic law enforcement. It contains the following elements: Abstracts for each self-instructional unit; Objectives for each self-instructional unit; Pertinent information which the instructor, but not the student, needs to know in regard to the unit; Reference materials, both textual and audio-visual; Pretests; Posttests; Keys to Pretests/Posttests; and Response sheets for pretests, embedded self-tests, and posttests. KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Instructors KW - Maryland KW - Police KW - Police traffic services KW - Police training KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Training KW - Training courses KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721394 AU - Maryland Police Training Commission AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC: COURSE GUIDE PY - 1976 SP - 564 p. AB - This is the Course Guide for the Maryland state police training course in police traffic services, including traffic law enforcement. It contains two parts: Part I - Management Guidelines and Part II - Course Content. The Course Guide contains the basic information required for implementing the self-instructional units. This guide is intended to be used by administrators, instructors, and students and provides a brief but concise overview of the purposes and objectives of the self-instructional units. The self-instructional units are broken down into three sections as described in this manual and each section contains individual manuals for the instructor and for the student. KW - Course guides KW - Curricula KW - Maryland KW - Police KW - Police traffic services KW - Police training KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Training KW - Training courses KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721373 AU - Schmidt, D AU - Tichenor, F AU - Nebraska Department of Education TI - BIKE SAFETY (REPRINT) PY - 1976 SP - 32 p. AB - Bicycles can be a lot of fun when ridden properly. They can take you places quickly and safely. The skill and attitude of the bike rider are very important to arriving safely. The information provided in this booklet will help you become a safe cyclist. The following topics are covered: Types of vehicles; We need good drivers; Types of bikes; Being a good bike driver; Seat position; Handle bar position; Selecting the bike; Signs and signals; New signs; Lane markings; Can a law be a rule; The law says; Traffic situations; It's against the law; and Common sense. KW - Bicycle safety KW - Bicycles KW - Bicycling KW - Cyclists KW - Lane lines KW - Laws KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Safety practices KW - Selecting KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs KW - Types UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721375 AU - Tichenor, F E AU - Nebraska Department of Education TI - TRAILERING PY - 1976 SP - 25 p. AB - Millions of families each year are utilizing automobiles for towing various recreational vehicles and trailers. Boats, campers, and moving van trailers of all sizes are being utilized by the American public intermixing in our traffic system without any prior knowledge or experience. The purpose of this report is to provide the knowledge and basic skills so drivers are familiar with the techniques and abilities in towing trailers. KW - Boats KW - Driver education KW - Drivers KW - Motor skills KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Towing devices KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721366 AU - Pastalan, L A AU - Merrill, J AU - Mitman, R AU - Pomerantz, B AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - OLDER DRIVER REFRESHER COURSE. INSTRUCTOR HANDBOOK PY - 1976 SP - 115 p. AB - This Instructor Handbook is intended to provide all the information a professional driver training instructor needs to teach the Older Driver Refresher Course. Part I includes information on older adults as drivers and as students with which the instructor should be familiar in order to effectively teach the course. Part II is a description of preparations the instructor must complete before teaching the course. Part III includes lesson plans for the five sessions of the course. KW - Aged drivers KW - Driver training KW - Handbooks KW - Instructors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394098 AU - Inoue, S AU - Iwamoto, S AU - Watari, A AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - RESEARCH ON IDENTIFICATION OF VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 12 p. AB - The concept of inverse sensitivity is discussed as one approach to assessing and resolving vehicle dynamics problems. A systematic method of using parametric sensitivity coefficients is employed to identify equivalent cornering coefficients of front and rear wheels. A mathematical description of using parametric sensitivity coefficients in identifying problems based on the calculus of variations is stated. Experimental vehicle response to a given input is normally considered to correspond to the desired response. Model parameters are automatically adjusted so that model response coincides with vehicle response. A concept of structural stability is introduced to determine the range of parameter variations. The inverse sensitivity concept allows vehicle characteristics to be identified in relation to speed and steering wheel angle. It is shown that cornering characteristics in driving conditions do not coincide with the values from tire-testing machines; they vary with vehicle speed. Cornering characteristics in driving conditions are affected by variation in the balance of roll stiffness via change in suspension geometry, variation in camber angle and tire load caused by rolling, change in the performance of tire slip due to the relative motion of front and rear axles, and other factors. KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Speed KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394099 AU - HALES, F D AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - THE RIGID BODY DYNAMICS OF ROAD VEHICLE TRAINS. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 21 p. AB - Theory regarding linearized equations governing the vertical and lateral motion of road vehicle trains is outlined. A road train is defined as a tractor unit plus an arbitrary number of trailers. Equations for evaluating the rigid body dynamics of road trains are solved by determining system eigen values and vectors. In practice, road trains are usually a tractor plus semitrailer (plus full trailers) or a truck (plus full trailers); a family of trains of both types is defined using, where possible, the same elements and then calculating behavior. Vertical motion results indicate that tractor plus semitrailer trains have poorer ride characteristics. More extensive lateral studies cover speed, "dolly" geometry, and loading variations. Poorly-damped full trailer modes of motion are at their worst under lower loading conditions. The only lateral instability that was observed involves oversteer of the truck with a rearward center of gravity location. The implication is that truck trains have more favorable ride characteristics, with lower natural frequencies and lower amplitudes for the truck in higher frequency modes, especially in pitching motion. Lateral motions generally follow the usual automobile pattern, with oscillatory motions dominant. Stability is reduced with increasing speed, and additional modes resulting from adding more trailers reduce overall system stability. KW - Equations KW - Loads KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ride quality KW - Speed KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393727 AU - Abercrombie, T T AU - Myrick, F L AU - University of Alabama, Birmingham TI - EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REGION 3. A REPORT COVERING JAN. 1, 1974-FEB. 15, 1975 PY - 1976 SP - 107 p. AB - The medical/rescue service units serving Birmingham, Homewood, Hoover, and Vestavia Hills, Alabama are evaluated for the period 1 January 1974 through 15 February 1975. The evaluation examines service rendered, a citizen awareness survey, an emergency medical services (EMS) patient survey, the emergency medical technician training program, EMS equipment, and hospital follow-up. Recommendations are made concerning the emergency medical report form, location and the medical community. The data support the need for the EMS system in the area. Indication is that the present EMS system is acceptable to the general citizenry of the area, the local governing bodies, and the medical community. KW - Awareness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Evaluation KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Location KW - Public relations KW - Recommendations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394095 AU - Rinonapoli, L AU - Bergomi, R AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - A 14 DEGREES OF FREEDOM MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT CAR HANDLING BEHAVIOUR ON SMOOTH AND ON BUMPY ROADS. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 24 p. AB - A car mathematical model has been formulated which treats the vehicle as an assembly of rigid masses connected together and to the road by flexible elements (suspensions and tires). The model consists of 14 differential equations, 10 of which have been derived from Lagrange's equilibrium equations. Inertial terms are deduced from the car's kinetic energy and its rotating components in order to reflect gyro and equivalent mass effects. Since vertical inertia of wheels and tire deflection are considered, the simulation of car behavior on bumpy roads becomes possible. Further, computations for roll, pitch, and bounce include the contribution of tire vertical deflections. Care has been taken to obtain accurate mathematical expressions for car and tire experimental characteristics because the reliability of results depends largely upon the quality of input data. Any useless assumption of linearity has been avoided. Of two available computer programs, one includes a procedure that enables the simulation of transient maneuvers along a given trajectory. The second has been set up to investigate steady-state car behavior. Examples depict the model's capability in predicting car handling behavior on both smooth and bumpy roads. Supplementary equations and notations are appended. KW - Deflection KW - Driving KW - Equations KW - Handling characteristics KW - Lagrangian functions KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394102 AU - SINGH, D V AU - GOEL, V K AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - STABILITY OF SINGLE TRACK VEHICLES. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 10 p. AB - A 12th order mathematical model of single-track vehicles, which considers tire crown and other factors not included in previous studies, has been developed. The vehicle is assumed to consist of two rigid systems hinged at the steering axis, with freedom of the front system to rotate relative to the rear system. Four assumptions are made in formulating the mathematical model of the vehicle: the vehicle moves at a constant forward speed with no longitudinal slip in tires; the pneumatic trail of tires is not considered since it is small compared with caster trail and wheel base; the vehicle is an unsprung system; and the damping to steering rotation is linear. Equations of motion are established using the Lagrangian formulation. Tire forces and moments, wind force, and vehicle parameters are measured, and equations of motion are solved. It is shown that optimum value to rake angle, caster trail, and steering damping can be found for a particular vehicle for optimum performance. A small moment of inertia for the front system about the steering axis is desirable. The rear mass center should be brought as forward as possible, while front and rear wheel planes and front and rear mass centers should be brought close to the longitudinal plane. A small value of tire relaxation length is advantageous. A front tire with high cornering and camber rate is beneficial, and the front wheel moment of inertia can be made large. KW - Equations KW - Lagrangian functions KW - Mathematical models KW - Moment of inertia KW - Moments of inertia KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Motorcycles KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394091 AU - Knapper, C K AU - Cropley, A J AU - Plenum Publishing Company TI - A QUASI-CLINICAL STRATEGY FOR INVESTIGATING ATTITUDES IN THE TRANSPORTATION DOMAIN. TAKEN FROM THE BOOK ENTITLED "TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR A BETTER ENVIRONMENT" PY - 1976 SP - 12 p. AB - A strategy is devised for investigating social-psychological aspects of transportation and then applied in two studies focusing on the behavior of automobile drivers. Since attitudes and behavior are often difficult to measure and are frequently not isomorphically related, the practical usefulness of much early psychological work in the area of driving behavior is of questionable utility. The proposed quasiclinical strategy attempts to incorporate basic attitude measurement principles and to avoid errors of prior studies. The technique stresses relatively subjective aspects of attitudes, achieving this by an eclectic approach derived from many different areas of psychology, both novel-traditional and clinical-quantitative. Another feature of the strategy is that it permits respondents to specify attitudinal domains for themselves by responding spontaneously in a freely-structured situation and in their own words, as opposed to reflecting ideas which represent prejudices and preconceptions of investigators. This quasiclinical strategy of attitude measurement has been applied in numerous settings. In the field of transportation, two basic types of studies have been conducted: the investigation of probable public reactions to a specific contingency aimed at inducing safety-related behavior (introduction of legislation making the use of car seat belts mandatory), and an attempt to formulate a social psychology of driving behavior and focus on the relation between the automobile driver and other persons in the driving situation (car passengers, pedestrians, and other vehicle drivers). Findings of the seat belt study of 465 residents in Regina, Sask., Canada, suggest that the public feels the government has legitimate authority to issue directives concerning motor vehicle behavior and that laws might be effective in encouraging seat belt use. Results of the social psychology of driving study indicate that psychological reactions to an accident are conditioned by the behavior of the other driver on the one hand and by the presence or absence of persons other than drivers. Drivers make inferences about attitudes and motivations of other drivers and react in terms of these inferences. Drivers continually impute motives, opinions, and values to other drivers based on a number of visible characteristics not directly related to the driving process. KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Laws KW - Manual safety belts KW - Psychological aspects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394104 AU - Howell, L J AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE VEHICLE LOADING. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS PY - 1976 SP - 18 p. AB - Although exact nonstationary equations are required to investigate transient overloads due to nonstationary terrain dynamic input, an approximate formulation was employed to compute threshold crossing and peak distribution statistics for estimating cumulative damage related to vehicle loading and road roughness. Normalized exceedance statistics derived from approximate equations compared favorably with experimental data. It appeared that modeling used in the approximate or quasistationary method could be specialized to fit various types of terrain nonhomogeneity. Nonstationary analysis is required to obtain favorable agreement with experimental data, and this requirement implies additional study before methods for classifying road roughness can be established. Since it may be impractical to assure that road roughness is exactly stationary and Gaussian, it seems prudent to suggest a more complete characterization than is given by only the power spectral density function. Consideration of exceedance statistics appears to be warranted. Exceedance and vehicle motion equations are appended. KW - Equations KW - Mathematical models KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Roughness KW - Statistics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212211 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394229 AU - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism TI - DIAGNOSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM. A REPORT TO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM PY - 1976 SP - 37 p. AB - This paper was prepared as an abbreviated response to the need for a comprehensive review of diagnostic and assessment techniques that are specific for alcoholism. The questions which this text addresses include (1) What alcoholism-specific instruments exist? (2) From what sources are they available and at what cost? (3) How much time, and what levels of training and/or experience, are required for appropriate administration, scoring, and interpretation of these instruments? (4) What is known about their validity and reliability? (5) What are the practical clinical applications of these instruments for treatment planning? (6) Which instruments are particularly appropriate or inappropriate to specific populations of interest to the Division of Special Treatment and Rehabilitation Programs? (7) What notable gaps exist and how may they be filled? KW - Alcohol abuse KW - Alcoholism KW - Biographies KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Rehabilitation KW - Training KW - Treatment programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394105 AU - Dodds, C J AU - Robson, J D AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC STRESSES IN VEHICLES AND COMPONENTS. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 18 p. AB - A simulation technique suitable for general application in structured testing problems is presented. In designing the laboratory simulation test for complete road vehicles, the excitation environment is restricted to random road surface undulations which provide vertical input displacement into vehicle tires. The test objective is to simulate the vehicle's dynamic response, or a component within the vehicle as it travels along the road at constant speed, in the laboratory by subjecting each wheel to a random, varying displacement imposed by a servo-hydraulic actuator. The simulation technique is demonstrated by considering the problem of exciting a four-wheel vehicle through its tires. It is shown that, for good simulation, the number of excitation sources should equal the number of measuring points used in service to define the response. In certain circumstances, however, it may be possible to use a smaller number of excitation sources to achieve the desired response. It may even be possible to define the complete structural response with a limited number of excitation sources where service inputs and reactions, if any, are well-defined. The digital simulation technique which provides sample functions of the Gaussian random process used as excitation signals has wide application due to its ease of implementation with a minicomputer. Signals can be produced with properties completely defined over a certain period and repeatable within this period. Simulation of the service life is achieved by combining a series of Gaussian processes. KW - Digital computers KW - Digital techniques KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Excitation KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393733 AU - Health Development Association Northeastern Kentucky TI - A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AMBULANCE ATTENDANTS IN NORTHEASTERN KENTUCKY PY - 1976 SP - 40 p. AB - A study was undertaken to develop a practical research methodology to determine whether emergency medical technicians (EMT's) working in Northeastern Kentucky were correctly assessing and managing the patient's condition. The performance of the EMT with basic training (81-hr. Department of Transportation course) was compared with that of the nontrained ambulance attendant. The methodology involved four areas of interest: a patient encounter form completed by the EMT's and non-EMT's, monitoring activities by emergency room personnel or selected professionals, use of emergency room records for validation purposes, and a panel of experts who evaluated the data from the three preceding areas. The specific patient conditions of interest were fractures, lacerations, cardiac arrest, and cardiopulmonary disorders. Of the 247 EMT encounters, 42.1% were correctly assessed and 55.1% were correctly managed. Of the 70 non-EMT encounters, 17.1% were correctly assessed and 27.1% were correctly managed. Of the EMT encounters, 27.5% were both correctly assessed and managed vs. only 5.7% for the non-EMT cases. Preliminary experience indicates that the performance methodology is basically sound; however, some revisions in the encounter form are anticipated (to include dispatch and return run information). The methodology has the potential for identifying areas where additional expertise is needed, provides an instrument to compare significant differences between rural and urban services based upon system constraints, and indicates areas of treatment most frequently occurring in different areas. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency medical technicians KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Methodology KW - Performance evaluations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394092 AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS. PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL UNION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS SYMPOSIUM, DELFT, THE NETHERLANDS, 1975 AUGUST 18-22 PY - 1976 SP - 586 p. AB - A compilation is provided of 32 papers presented at a symposium on the interaction between vehicles and the road/rail system. Subjects covered include methods for vehicle dynamics simulation, treatment of multiple contacts in dynamic simulation of multibody vehicular systems, principles of the automobile's plane motions, prescribed trajectory vehicle model, 14-degree-of-freedom mathematical model to predict car handling behavior on smooth and bumpy roads, and limits and reliability of theoretical evaluation of vehicle lateral dynamics. Also presented were papers on research on identification of vehicle characteristics, rigid body identification of road vehicle trains, dynamic steady state behavior of liquid loads, mechanics of tires used on single-track vehicles, stability of single-track vehicles, computer simulation of steady-state and transient tire traction performance, stochastic analysis of cumulative vehicle loading, and simulation of dynamic stress in vehicles and components. Papers on railroad subjects were concerned with longitudinal vibrations of long trains, hunting motions of railway vehicles on 4-wheeled bogies, running stability and vehicle transfer functions, guidance, quasi-linearization and prediction, non-linear models, simulation of lateral motion of 2-axle vehicles, improvement of rail vehicle lateral dynamic performance, evaluation of railway contact theory, rail-wheel parameters, pitch-heave dynamics of tracked levitated vehicles, air cushion suspension for aerotrain, low-speed electromagnetic suspension, magnetically levitated vehicles on flexible guideways, optimal control of a maglev vehicle and control systems for flexible maglev vehicles, and the dynamics of vehicles on railway bridges. In addition, a paper was presented on the interaction between aircraft and runway from the point of view of vehicle dynamics. KW - Conferences KW - Driving KW - Handling characteristics KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394094 AU - Pacejka, H B AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - PRINCIPLES OF PLANE MOTIONS OF AUTOMOBILES. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 27 p. AB - Horizontal motions of motor vehicles on a smooth, level road surface are discussed. Lagrangian equations for quasicoordinates are specifically tailored to motions of vehicle systems over horizontal surfaces, and are applied to a simple four-wheel vehicle model. Motions of this system are analyzed using the phase-plane approach. The steady-state turn, its stability, and the approach toward or the departure from such an equilibrium situation are studied. In some cases, only a limited region in the phase-plane around a stable, singular point contains trajectories tending to this point. The controllability of automobiles in emergency conditions is expected to be strongly related to the extent of "stable" regions. Mathematical equations are given for tire characteristics and motions limited to relatively small slip and steer angles. Lagrangian equations are written in special form to permit quick derivation of motion data in relation to longitudinal vehicle speed, lateral vehicle speed, and yaw speed. It is concluded that the phase plot represents a viable tool for investigating automobile stability and control. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Equations KW - Lagrangian functions KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Speed KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394101 AU - Segel, L AU - Wilson, R AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - REQUIREMENTS FOR DESCRIBING THE MECHANICS OF TIRES USED ON SINGLE-TRACK VEHICLES PY - 1976 SP - 14 p. AB - The adequacy of Sharp's analysis to predict the dynamic behavior of single-track vehicles is reviewed. A noteworthy feature of Sharp's analysis is his inclusion of the lag between lateral force and lateral slip which is exhibited by a tire undergoing a time rate of change in lateral slip. In another study, Eaton has pointed out that every analysis of single-track vehicles published prior to 1960 failed to include external forces created by a sideslipping tire. The question is raised as to whether the nonstationary response to inclination is comparable to the nonstationary response to lateral slip or slip angle. The review of Sharp's analysis and Eaton's findings indicates that the attainment of better agreement between theory and experimentation will require that the motorcycle tire be described in greater detail, from both static and dynamic points of view. Transient measurements of lateral force resulting from inclination show that a small component of this force is in phase with inclination, whereas the remaining component lags the inclination angle. The component of force lagging the inclination angle appears to involve greater lag, i.e. larger relaxation length, than the force produced by lateral slip. The overturning moment caused by inclination also contains lagging and nonlagging components, although the lagging component is very small relative to the nonlagging component. It is concluded that lateral force and overturning moment due to inclination should be accurately described, statically and dynamically, to predict the dynamics of single-track vehicles. There is also a need to analyze the pneumatic tire with respect to lateral force and overturning moment produced by fixed and time-varying inclination. KW - Lateral loads KW - Motorcycles KW - Slip angle KW - Slip surfaces KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394103 AU - Koch, JBC AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT TIRE TRACTION PERFORMANCE. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 18 p. AB - A computer simulation model is used to study transient tire behavior, e.g. wheel shimmy, at any mean slip angle with striction and/or sliding of tread elements as they move through the contact patch. The model also lends itself to the study of transient brake slip impact on braking force. The carcass is assumed to have the property of a belted tire. Tread-rubber elements are assumed infinitely thin in the circumferential directions. For each of the N-sections, mean values of lateral forces on base points are obtained by integration as elements simultaneously move from entry to exit of their respective sections. These N-values are point loads used to calculate new deflection and beam slope after each traverse of a new section for all elements. Friction forces generated between tread elements and the road surface are obtained as the product of vertical contact pressure and local friction coefficient. A beam damping scheme is employed to overcome problems associated with section midpoint lateral velocities; these velocities, calculated from successive deflections of the beam, cannot be used in computations since solution instabilities arise. The model is evaluated using experimental data for an FR70-14 tire. It is demonstrated that the model provides good insight into the distribution of element sliding speed and also the deflection pattern of tread and carcass. The model also gives information on the distribution of traction forces in the contact area. Suggestions for model refinement are offered. KW - Lateral loads KW - Simulation KW - Slip angle KW - Slip surfaces KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394093 AU - Genesio, R AU - Laurentini, A AU - Mauro, V AU - Milanese, M AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR VEHICLE DYNAMICS SIMULATION. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 19 p. AB - Recent studies of vehicle riding behavior show growing interest in simulation techniques. These techniques make it easy to analyze effects of changes in vehicle parameters on vehicle dynamics, thus avoiding expensive and time-consuming experimental tests. In applying simulation techniques, it may be advisable to introduce the following nonlinear terms for evaluating dynamic vehicle riding behavior: nonlinear characteristics of elements like shock absorbers and jounce stops; separation of tires from surface; Coulomb friction in suspensions; nonlinearities due to geometric deformations; dry friction of leaf springs; and gyroscopic moments. Analog and hybrid simulation is well-suited for solving small-size systems of ordinary differential equations and nonlinear characteristics can easily be taken into account. Digital simulation consists of using a general digital computer or simulating the behavior of a continuous system using arithmetic operations on samples of input and state variables. Digital simulation is an approximation technique; a digital computer can only implement discrete systems which more or less approximate continuous systems. Simulation languages, associated with digital-analog simulators, allow a digital computer to be used in essentially the same way as an analog computer. These languages refer to a block description of continuous systems and provide the user with a number of linear or nonlinear functional blocks like integrators, adders, multipliers, and limiters. The flexibility of simulation languages can be useful when setup time is relevant. KW - Digital computers KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394100 AU - SLIBAR, A AU - Troger, H AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - DYNAMIC STEADY STATE BEHAVIOUR OF A TRACTOR-SEMITRAILER-SYSTEM CARRYING LIQUID LOAD. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" T2 - DAS STATIONAERE FAHRVERHALTEN DES TANK-SATTELAUFLIEGERZUGES PY - 1976 SP - 21 p. AB - The stationary frequency response of yaw angle, roll angle, and wheel load variations to harmonic steer angle input has been determined at different liquid loading conditions for a tractor-semitrailer system. Regarding the liquid load sloshing within the container, it is necessary to represent the fluid present in each chamber by a suitable, equivalent mechanical model accessible to mathematical operations. Small angular deviations arising at stationary, oscillatory driving conditions permit linearization of tire side slip characteristics in the region of small slip angles. Numerical data show large influences of loading conditions (full or empty, distribution among individual chambers) and the specific design of the coupling between tractor and semitrailer (free or rigid about longitudinal axis). A high dependence upon speed of travel and harmonic steer input frequency also exists. KW - Couplers KW - Liquids KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Speed KW - Steering KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394096 AU - Good, M C AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - PRESCRIBED TRAJECTORY VEHICLE MODEL. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 26 p. AB - Implications for both driver and vehicle of attempting to follow a superelevated road curve are described, and a Prescribed Trajectory Vehicle Model is devised which permits the computation of steer angle and vehicle motions in response to a given horizontal and vertical road alignment. The modeled vehicle has pitch and bounce degrees of freedom, in addition to the usual lateral degrees of freedom in sideslip, yaw, and roll. Equations of motion are derived by Lagrangian methods, with generalized coordinates defining vehicle orientation relative to a moving constraint (road surface). Equations are linearized in generalized coordinates, but there are no restrictions on the roadway input's form. Effects of changing various road geometric parameters are explored in numerical experiments, with reference to the compatibility between the roadway input visible to the driver and the control response required of the driver, and in terms of the transient vehicle motions and body forces experienced by the driver. Possible improvements to the vehicle model, at the expense of a great increase in complexity, include representation of effects normal loads have on tire characteristics, inclusion of steering system dynamics so that steering wheel torque required from the driver can be investigated, improvement in tire modeling to include normal and lateral flexibility, and provision for varying vehicle forward speed. Equations of motion and an equation to calculate steer angle are appended. KW - Equations KW - Highway curves KW - Lagrangian functions KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicles KW - Speed KW - Steering KW - Superelevation KW - Tires KW - Traffic speed KW - Trajectory KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle trajectories UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394097 AU - Sorgatz, U AU - International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics TI - LIMITS AND RELIABILITY OF THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF VEHICLE LATERAL DYNAMICS. PROCEEDINGS ENTITLED "THE DYNAMICS OF VEHICLES ON ROADS AND ON RAILWAY TRACKS" PY - 1976 SP - 9 p. AB - Limits of theoretically predicting a vehicle's dynamic reactions may match the total range of operations, up to the limits of road holding, cornering ability, breakaway, or even rollover. Research on preaccident dynamics may be the domain of simulation techniques, if it is possible to satisfy requirements of limit conditions by theoretical means. Limit conditions include an adequate theoretical model, mathematical stability beyond limits of system stability, vehicle data accuracy, and synchronous translation of computed results into the driver's customary sensory perception. A model, completed to evaluate vehicle lateral dynamics, has additional degrees of freedom for wheels, is compatible with a nonlinear kinematic and compliant chassis, and has an adequate concept to describe tire characteristics. The model has been used in steady-state circular path, step input to steering wheel, sine input to steering wheel (slalom), side wind, rapid deceleration during circular path, and rollover tests. These tests have been extended to maximum lateral accelerations, and most of the tests for both front- and rear-wheel drive vehicles. Results of model testing show that a vehicle's dynamic behavior is governed by many influences. Drift problems, caused by stepwise integration of differential equations, can be controlled by considering divergence effects in all steady-state solutions. The main barrier in obtaining reliable simulation results is the lack of comprehensive tire data compatible with modeling assumptions. The use of well-known testing vehicles, however, can minimize uncertainties in tire data. Theoretical vehicle models dedicated to real-time applications may be more simplified in their adaptation to the simulator capsule concept which requires the abandonment of limit-condition-dynamics. KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Limits KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reliability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Theory KW - Tires KW - Ultimate load design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321133 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NONFATAL WEATHER - INVOLVED GENERAL AVIATION ACCIDENTS, SPECIAL STUDY 1964 - 1974 (1976) PY - 1976 AB - During the 11-year study period, inadequate preflight planning preparation and/or planning was the most frequently cited cause in which both pilots and weather were involved. Most of the nonfatal, weather involved general aviation accidents occurred during the landing regime, i,e., either during the landing roll or during leveloff and touchdown, when unfavorable wind conditions existed, and the weather was vfr. Unfavorable winds were cited 5 times more frequently as a cause or a factor than were low ceilings, and 16 times more frequently than was thunderstorm activity. There are 7,856 weather involved aviation accidents which have occurred from 1964 through 1974. KW - Air KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367297 AU - Tribble, R E AU - Hannon, R AU - Hause, J AU - Stockton Police Department TI - INCREASED D.U.I. (DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE) ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT (1ST). JULY 1, 1975-DECEMBER 31, 1975. PY - 1976 SP - 130 p. AB - A four-year (1 Jul 1975-30 Jun 1979) Increased D.U.I. (Driving Under the Influence) Enforcement Project granted to the Stockton, Calif., Police Dept., is divided into three phases: planning and development (six months), operation (three years), and analysis and reporting (six months). The project is designed to demonstrate and document the impact of varying levels of DUI enforcement on crashes, on the proportion of drivers with illegal blood alcohol proportions, and on non-traffic offenses, and to determine the cost effectiveness of various levels of enforcement from which an estimated cost/benefit relationship may possibly be derived. The project is designed to reduce the number of alcohol-related vehicle accidents and the proportion of persons driving at illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC). By using varying levels of saturation enforcement, the project will attempt to determine the number of enforcement personnel needed in each target area. The optimum length of time necessary for impact in each designated target area will also be determined. It is believed that the DUI saturation enforcement techniques will also reduce local street crime due to the high visibility of DUI Traffic Task Force personnel. The enforcement phase, which will last three years from Jan 1976, will be operational on Friday and Saturday nights, days and times identified as being critical from the standpoint of drinking drivers and alcohol-related crashes. Evaluation criteria will include comparisons in the effectiveness of saturation deployment in an experimental area and normal patrol deployment in a control area Friday and Saturday nights, as well as comparative cost-effectiveness determined by apprehension rates, cost of operation, various fines generated by arrests, traffic citations, criminal arrests, and the recovery of property. Cost savings in relation to property damage accidents, injury accidents, fatal accidents, and street crimes, will be determined for benefit/cost relationships. Details are provided for the first phase of the program: assignment of management personnel and planning developments. Subcontracts for evaluation and for updating and revising Stockton's Traffic Records System are described. Development of a detailed budget, choice of two operational areas, and training of personnel are outlined. KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crimes KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - Police KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367296 AU - Tribble, R E AU - Hannon, R AU - Hause, J AU - Stockton Police Department TI - INCREASED D.U.I. (DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE) ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT (1ST), JULY 1, 1957-DECEMBER 31, 1975. TECHNICAL SUMMARY PY - 1976 SP - 17 p. AB - A four-year (1 Jul 1975-30 Jun 1979) Increased D.U.I. (Driving Under the Influence) Enforcement Project granted to the Stockton, Calif., Police Dept., is divided into three phases: planning and development (six months), operation (three years), and analysis and reporting (six months). The project is designed to demonstrate and document the impact of varying levels of DUI enforcement on crashes, on the proportion of drivers with illegal blood alcohol proportions, and on non-traffic offenses, and to determine the cost effectiveness of various levels of enforcement from which an estimated cost/benefit relationship may possibly be derived. The project is designed to reduce the number of alcohol-related vehicle accidents and the proportion of persons driving at illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC). By using varying levels of saturation enforcement, the project will attempt to determine the number of enforcement personnel needed in each target area. The optimum length of time necessary for impact in each designated target area will also be determined. It is believed that the DUI saturation enforcement techniques will also reduce local street crime due to the high visibility of DUI Traffic Task Force personnel. The enforcement phase, which will last three years from Jan 1976, will be operational on Friday and Saturday nights, days and times identified as being critical from the standpoint of drinking drivers and alcohol-related crashes. Evaluation criteria will include comparisons in the effectiveness of saturation deployment in an experimental area and normal patrol deployment in a control area Friday and Saturday nights, as well as comparative cost-effectiveness determined by apprehension rates, cost of operation, various fines generated by arrests, traffic citations, criminal arrests, and the recovery of property. Cost savings in relation to property damage accidents, injury accidents, fatal accidents, and street crimes, will be determined for benefit/cost relationships. Details are provided for the first phase of the program: assignment of management personnel and planning developments. Subcontracts for evaluation and for updating and revising Stockton's Traffic Records System are described. Development of a detailed budget, choice of two operational areas, and training of personnel are outlined. KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crimes KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel management KW - Police KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185659 AU - Stephany, S J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR MULTIELEMENT EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEMS PY - 1976 SP - 4 p. AB - A methodology for evaluating multielement emergency medical services systems is presented. To overcome the usual problems in evaluation of patient outcomes between existing and optimal systems, the methodology uses parameters assessable for their impact on system effectiveness and related to elements and subelements of the medical services system. Quantitative assessment complications due to local conditions and influences and to subjective criteria on recovery are handled by separating evaluation into administrative and operational elements and by using indirect parameters where subjective criteria are present. System effectiveness parameters for emergency medical services include: extent of system availability and accessibility, response time factors, quality of equipment and emergency care, and system evaluation/audit/monitoring. Subelements of an emergency medical services system are evaluated as organization, personnel, equipment, operations, and records/statistics. These parameters and elements are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix to link data for each element with the effectiveness parameter(s) on which it impacts. Weighting of these elements is also arranged, before tallying, according to grading criteria (ranging from outstanding and highly advanced to inadequate with major deficiencies). The procedural evaluation permits weak areas in service systems to be identified, develops comparisons and ranks system elements according to their contributions to outcome, and helps establish priorities for funding allocations. KW - Accessibility KW - Availability KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Emergency medical services KW - Emergency response time KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Health care KW - Health care delivery KW - Health care services KW - Measurement KW - Medical equipment KW - Medical services KW - Methodology KW - Personal health services KW - Programs KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Quality assurance KW - Reaction time KW - Reviews KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178724 AU - Jatras, K P AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LIFE SAVING POTENTIAL OF GREATER SAFETY BELT USAGE PY - 1976 SP - 33 p. AB - The two purposes of this report are the following: (1) to describe and document a standardized procedure for examining the effect of safety belt usage upon traffic fatalities in the United States and (2) to make estimates for calendar year 1975 based on the above procedure and the fatal accident reporting system file (FARS). In the year 1975 traffic fatalities would have been 12.88% higher had there been no seat belt usage. In comparison to a zero percent usage rate fatalities would have been reduced 26.32% if seat belt usage had been 60%; fatalities would have been reduced 35.05% if seat belt usage had been 80%; and fatalities would have been reduced 43.78% if seat belt usage had been 100%. In the year 1975 traffic fatalities could have been reduced from the number of estimated actual fatalities by 16.83% had there been 60% seat belt usage, by 26.68% had there been 80% seat belt usage, and by 36.54% had there been 100% seat belt usage. /Author/ KW - Crash rates KW - Crash reports KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Manual safety belts KW - Standardization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25399/DOT-HS-801-871.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153952 AU - PUGLIESE, S M AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE PROGRAM (PHASE II) SPECIFICATION REVIEW. VOLUME II PY - 1976 SP - 69 p. AB - In Phase I of the Research Safety Vehicle Program (RSV), preliminary design and performance specifications were developed for a mid-1980's vehicle that integrates crashworthiness and occupant safety features with material resource conservation, economy, and producibility. Phase II of the program has focused on development of the total vehicle design via systems engineering and integration analyses. As part of this effort, it was necessary to continuously review the Phase I recommended performance specification in relation to ongoing design/test activities. This document contains the results of our analyses of the Phase I specifications. The RSV is expected to satisfy all of the producibility and safety related specifications, i.e., handling and stability systems, crashworthiness, occupant protection, pedestrian/cyclist protection, etc. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Cost engineering KW - Crashworthiness KW - Cyclists KW - Design standards KW - Energy conservation KW - Geological surveying KW - Highway safety KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Pedestrians KW - Performance based specifications KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Soil surveys /surface/ KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Texture KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197681 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO DETERMINE TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT, ANALYTICAL STUDY NO. 1 PY - 1975/12 SP - 48 p. AB - Analytic Study 1 provides an overview of total impact of ASAP intervention in Sioux City/Woodbury County. As a termination report, it focuses on change over the entire project period, rather than a one-year time period. Four major lines of analysis were followed. These included: (1) Total Impact Measures including Total Fatal and Injury Accidents, and A/R Fatal and Injury Accidents; (2) Differential Impact Effects focusing upon possible changes within subsections of the population; (3) Rehabilitation Efforts which provides a general view of the success of educational and rehabilitation efforts; and (4) Public Information and Education efforts as measured by selected questions from the Household and Voluntary Roadside Surveys. KW - Alcoholism KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Public relations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197696 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ASAP ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 4 PY - 1975/12 SP - 38 p. AB - The Sioux City/Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational July 1, 1972. The primary purpose of the project was to reduce the number of alcohol-related fatalities, injury accidents, and amount of personal property loss. Secondary gains which might occur as a result of enforcement efforts during the operational period were assessed but the focus of attention was the drinking driver, especially the problem drinker. Four countermeasure areas became functional after July 24, 1972, including (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Judicial, (3) Rehabilitation, and (4) Public Information and Education (PI&E). Law enforcement countermeasures included but were not restricted to increased attention to detection and arrest of suspected drinking drivers. The Judicial area included attempts to define the problem drinker in a more objective fashion and refer drivers arrested on alcohol-related charges to appropriate treatment programs. The rehabilitation effort consisted of different 'schools' providing various approaches and levels of intensiveness to re-educate and change the behavior of drinking drivers. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197682 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL REHABILITATION EFFORTS, ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 6 PY - 1975/12 SP - 32 p. AB - Analytic study 6 describes the Sioux City/Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project's Rehabilitation Countermeasure. Profiles of 868 individuals in the two primary treatment modalities, the School for Drinking Drivers (SDD) and the Behavior Modification School (BMS), were compared using Chi-square and analysis of variance. The two groups were significantly different by sex, age, education, occupation, income, marital status, drinker type, and BAC's. Results using a t-test for correlated means indicated both SDD and BMS curricula significantly improved post-test answers to knowledge and attitude questions. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Attitudes KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Prevention KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197611 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 5. AN ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY PY - 1975/12 SP - 35 p. AB - The Sioux City/Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational July 1, 1972. The primary purpose of the project was to reduce the number of alcohol-related fatalities, injury accidents, and amount of personal property loss. Secondary gains which might occur as a result of enforcement efforts during the operational period were assessed but the focus of attention was the drinking driver, especially the problem drinker. Four countermeasure areas became functional after July 24, 1972, including (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Judicial, (3) Rehabilitation, and (4) Public Information and Education (PI&E). Law enforcement countermeasures included but was not restricted to increased attention to detection and arrest of suspected drinking drivers. The Judicial area included attempts to define the problem drinker in a more objective fashion and refer drivers arrested on alcohol-related charges to appropriate treatment programs. The rehabilitation effort consisted of different 'schools' providing various approaches and levels of intensiveness to re-educate and change the behavior of drinking drivers. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192243 AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PUERTO RICO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION I PY - 1975/12 SP - 104 p. AB - As one of 35 projects nationwide, a countermeasure program aimed at reducing alcohol related traffic crashes was implemented in Puerto Rico. The countermeasures included Enforcement, Judicial, Rehabilitation and Public Information and Education. The lack of necessary legislation delayed the implementation of most of the countermeasure activities, however, legislation was achieved that provided for rehabilitation of DWI offenders, lowered the legal BAC limit from .15% to .10% and established a breath testing program in Puerto Rico. A three-fold increase in DWI arrests and Special Pedestrian Patrols contributed to a reduction of 22% in heavily alcohol-related (BAC of .10% or more) traffic fatalities. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Puerto Rico KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197547 AU - Byrd, R AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROJECT IMPACT ON ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE MEASURES. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER ONE. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) PY - 1975/12 SP - 84 p. AB - It is estimated that the number of DUI arrests tripled during 1972-75 in the Utah ASAP area, and that convictions almost doubled. The ASAP introduced a methodial effort to identify problem drinking drivers. During ASAP operation, more than half of those convicted for DUI were referred for background investigation, and about 95% of the recommendations were followed by the courts. There was a significant decrease in injury and fatal crashes during ASAP operation; however, the effect of ASAP in this reduction is confounded with all highway safety efforts, the gasoline shortage, and the 55 mile per hour speed limit. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Arrests KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Courts KW - Crash severity KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Speed limits KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197543 AU - Ellington, S T AU - Miller, E B AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF 1974 AND 1975 PROFESSIONAL SURVEYS PY - 1975/12 SP - 43 p. AB - In 1974, the Los Angeles county Alcohol Safety Action Project conducted a survey of Los Angeles county attorneys and physicians in order to determine how aware the professionals were of the drinking and driving problem in this county. Due to the result of this survey, a print ad and a direct mail campaign was developed in an effort to change attitudes and increase awareness on the part of these professionals. After the ad/mail campaign, another survey was conducted to determine if there was an increase in awareness of the problem or changes in attitudes toward intervention in a driving under the influence (DUI) situation. Findings of the Professional Surveys showed that both attorneys and physicians are very aware of the dangers associated with alcohol abuse. Attorneys show a greater degree of reluctance to act as the 'significant other' than the physician. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Attorneys KW - Awareness KW - California KW - Counseling KW - Data collection KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Physicians KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094429 AU - Denver University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REPORT ON SYMPOSIUM ON EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY ADJUDICATION. VOLUME I PY - 1975/12 SP - 58 p. AB - The second symposium explored ways to make traffic offense adjudication more highway safety effective. State highway safety officials from 10 primarily eastern States, as well as national experts, were in attendance at the symposium conducted November 1973 in New York City, New York. The symposium highlighted the relationship between traffic violations and highway accidents; the advisability of implementing administrative hearings to supplement or replace traffic court adjudication; the need for change in the traffic law system; improved rehabilitation techniques for problem drivers; and innovative approaches in handling problem drinker drivers. KW - Adjudication KW - Courts KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway safety KW - Law enforcement KW - Licenses KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Prevention KW - Problem drivers KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094428 AU - Young, R AU - Scheuerman, H AU - NATIONAL AVIATION FACILITIES EXPERIMENTAL CENTER AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TEST FOR VEHICLE ROLLOVER PROCEDURE. PHASE II PY - 1975/12 SP - 117 p. AB - A series of rollover tests was performed using standard production vehicles to evaluate a rollover procedure and to investigate vehicle and occupant loading during a rollover. These tests showed that the condition of the vehicle suspension appears to be an important variable in rollover testing and that repeatable results can be obtained with similarly reacting systems. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Human factors engineering KW - Loads KW - Research KW - Roll KW - Rolling KW - Rollover crashes KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural design KW - Structural engineering KW - Tests KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094430 AU - Denver University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REPORT ON SYMPOSIUM ON EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY ADJUDICATION. VOLUME II PY - 1975/12 SP - 217 p. AB - The second symposium explored ways to make traffic offense adjudication more highway safety effective. State highway safety officials from 10 primarily eastern States, as well as national experts, were in attendance at the symposium conducted November 1973 in New York City, New York. State discussion groups focused on critical driver control problem areas and developed remedial plans of action. It was recognized that traffic law and adjudication aspects of highway safety require renewed attention. There is a great need for research and innovation. Special legislation should be enacted to allow experimentation in improved traffic case disposition methods and additional symposia conducted for wide dissemination of traffic law/adjudication/highway safety material. KW - Adjudication KW - Courts KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Highway safety KW - Law enforcement KW - Licenses KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Prevention KW - Recommendations KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violators KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30888 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00134275 JO - Traffic Laws Commentary AU - English, J W AU - Young, J H AU - Friedland, H B AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - WARNING LIGHTS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES PY - 1975/12 VL - 4 IS - 3 SP - 84 p. AB - This review of the existing state laws as of January 1, 1975 which regulate the use of special warning lights on vehicles, covers laws which requre or authorize the use of such lights on various special function vehicles. The restriction or prohibition of the use of such special warning lights other than as required or authorized is also discussed. Restrictions on the use of the alternately flashing red light, the red light visible from front, and other lights are considered, and the definition of authorized emergency vehicles is discussed. The review reveals very little uniformity among state laws relating to warning lights used on special function vehicles. Agreement is noted, on laws relating to the use of red lights on Fire vehicles, police vehicles and ambulances. The Uniform Vehicle Code concepts have not been widely accepted. The Code's "authorized emergency vehicle" concept particularly regarding equipment requirements has not been adopted. In most states the laws are not sufficiently definitive to achieve even a desirable level of intrastate uniformity. It is also noted that the laws in several states contain serious contradictions making it difficult to determine just what is authorized or required. KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Equipment KW - Fire vehicles KW - Flashing red KW - Flashing traffic signals KW - Laws KW - Light KW - Police KW - Red interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Regulations KW - Special purpose KW - Standardization KW - States KW - Traffic regulations KW - Uniform traffic laws KW - Uniform Vehicle Code KW - Vehicles KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094041 AU - Shearer, J E AU - McClure, D S AU - Compliance Testing Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING-TREADWEAR PY - 1975/12 SP - 57 p. AB - The purpose of the tests was to evaluate treadwear ratings on 4 specific groups of tires when tested on somewhat similar type courses at widely different geographical locations. The report gives detailed test results in tabular form. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Grading KW - Grading (Earthwork) KW - Measurement KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Road tests KW - Tables (Data) KW - Testing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094015 AU - Nesbitt, M W AU - Applied Science Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR LEGISLATORS' SEMINAR IN ALCOHOL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1975/12 SP - 90 p. AB - The purpose of this project was the development, test, and evaluation of an instructional seminar on alcohol and highway safety for state/local legislators. This report describes the activities involved in materials development, pilot test, and evaluation of the legislators' seminar package. The activities reported on are the determinination of seminar content, constraints analysis, development of the program of instruction, actual seminar design, pilot test, and evaluation. The final section of this report presents conclusions and recommendations. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Beverages KW - Constraints KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Ethanol KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Instructional materials KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Manuals KW - Meetings KW - Recommendations KW - State government KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094030 AU - Jahnle, H A AU - Budd Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PLASTIC AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURE PY - 1975/12 SP - 15 p. AB - Reinforced plastics materials were studied to determine the feasibility of designing crashworthy structure for a subcompact size automobile. Glass reinforced polyester and rigid polyurethane foam were selected as the primary materials of construction. Dynamic, 30 mph, drop tower tests were made on various shaped test elements to determine the energy absorbing characteristics. A frontal structure was designed, fabricated and tested, 50 mph flat barrier, using a modified 1974 subcompact automobile. It was concluded from the test results that glass reinforced polyester materials could be used in a crashworthy automotive structure with a potential weight and cost savings. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic tests KW - Energy absorption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Glass KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Plastics KW - Polyester resins KW - Polyurethane foams KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Reinforced plastics KW - Small car KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094006 AU - Jahnle, H A AU - Budd Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PLASTIC AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURE PY - 1975/12 SP - 215 p. AB - Contents: State of the art survey (materials, reinforcing materials, material properties, manufacturing processes, static analysis of plastic structure, automotive crashworthiness); Integration of plastics in automotive structure; Frontal structure design, fabrication and testing; Recyclability or disposal of plastics; Flammability; Repairability; Energy considerations; Plastics cost and availability. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Compact automobiles KW - Costs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic tests KW - Energy absorption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Flammability KW - Glass KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Plastics KW - Polyester resins KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Recycling KW - Reinforced plastics KW - Repairing KW - Small car KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094033 AU - Williams, L G AU - Graf, C P AU - Honeywell, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MARK II INTEGRATED DRIVER VISION TESTING DEVICE PY - 1975/12 SP - 120 p. AB - The Mark II Integrated Driver Vision Testing Device was designed to measure a range of visual functions which may be related to driving accidents. The device automatically administers and scores eight vision tests: static acuity; dynamic acuity; detection, acquisition and interpretation; static acuity-low luminance; central movement in depth; angular movement; field; and static acuity with glare. The instructions, contained within the device, are primarily auditory, supplemented with visual signs and test stimuli keyed to the spoken message. Scoring is automatic with the results being immediately available. The final report consists of two volumes, published separately. Volume I describes the tester and test procedures, the research conducted with the device, and recommendations based on the results of that research. Volume II contains appendices providing more detailed information on instructions, threshold measurement, control and administration, and hardware and software specifications. KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Eye movements KW - Field of vision KW - Glare KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Measuring instruments KW - Motor skills KW - Perception KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Thresholds (Perception) KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual acuity KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197688 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PATROL SATURATION STUDY (ASAP) PY - 1975/11 SP - 30 p. AB - The Sioux City - Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project initiated a patrol saturation experiment within the city limits of Sioux City during the third operational year of the program. This experiment increased the effectiveness of the police ASAP squad by increasing the patrol saturation of ASAP patrols within selected patrol beats. The concept for the patrol saturation experiment originated when crime data for 1973 indicated a shift of certain crimes from downtown (where ASAP primarily patrols) to residential areas and also a decrease in some crimes felt effected by patrolling for the first time in the history of Sioux City. The Patrol Saturation Countermeasure was added to the Sioux City - Woodbury County ASAP Detailed Plan in the spring of 1974 to provide adequate funding for the data collection and evaluation of a patrol saturation experiment operated under a strict statistical design model. It was initially hoped that the design model would be free of 'confounding variables.' This, however, was not the case for the Patrol Saturation Countermeasure had many 'confounding variables' from its original inception to the final collection of data. KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198184 AU - Byrd, R AU - Applied Management Corporation AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER FIVE. DRIVER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY UTAH ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) PY - 1975/11 SP - 45 p. AB - About two of three drivers convicted of DUI were referred for pre-sentence investigation during Utah ASAP operation. More than 95% of the recommendations made are taken by the Courts. Pre-sentence investigators use three categories to group drivers referred. One of these groups has the highest levels of drinking and driving involvement, but individuals in this group are seldom required to have treatment. It is recommended that treatment modalities suitable for this type of drinking driver be developed. Those referred for investigation have lower recidivism rates than those not referred for investigation for the first year following conviction. After this time, recidivism rates for the two groups are the same. KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197714 AU - Byrd, R AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPACT ON JUDICIAL DISPOSITION ON DUI OFFENDERS. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER FOUR. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) PY - 1975/11 SP - 51 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to demonstrate ASAP's impact on the judicial disposition of alcohol-related traffic arrests. The effect which ASAP has had on the judicial process are measured in relation to the use of presentence investigations, disposition processing time, types of sanctions imposed, and the manner in which referral actions have been utilized. The report also evaluates the effects which referral actions have had on driving behavior. These effects center around ASAP's objective of reducing alcohol-related traffic crashes and whether alternative sanctions and referral actions have proven themselves effective toward this end. The above propositions are measured in terms of recidivism rates. KW - Alcoholism KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Licenses KW - Penalties KW - Project management KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197726 AU - Byrd, R AU - Allen, J AU - Applied Management Corporation AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER SIX. REHABILITATION SYSTEM UTAH ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT). NOVEMBER 1975 PY - 1975/11 SP - 64 p. AB - The report reviews the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts of ASAP in Salt Lake County. General practices involving court incentives are described and arrest recidivism of those individuals referred to selected programs are reviewed. Profiles of individuals in various treatment categories are compared. KW - Alcoholism KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Law enforcement KW - Profiles KW - Project management KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197595 AU - Byrd, R AU - Larsen, L AU - Applied Management Corporation AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER THREE. PATROL ACTIVITY - UTAH ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) PY - 1975/11 SP - 66 p. AB - Numbers of DUI arrests have increased significantly over pre-ASAP levels and throughout ASAP operation. These increases are due to increases in regular patrol arrests during ASAP operation. The patrol teams who operate in urbanized areas are more efficient in DUI detection than those in rural areas. It would be possible to substantially increase arrest numbers if detection capabilities at lower BAC levels were improved. A time series analysis of jurisdictional crash data showed that there has been no significant changes in crashes during ASAP operation. KW - Alcoholism KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Drivers KW - Injuries KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452413 AU - Bostick, C W AU - McNaughton, D J AU - Hughes, D L AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - TRAFFIC AND PEDESTRIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM--A SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE YOUNG PY - 1975/11 SP - 95 p. AB - In 1969 the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles received a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration grant to develop a pedestrian safety program for pre-literate children. This resulted in the development of an audio/visual program in a cartoon format utilizing 35mm filmstrips and tape cassettes. The program was the Traffic And Pedestrian Education System or TAPES. The Department of Motor Vehicles placed one hundred sets in selected schools across the State to gauge parent and teacher reaction to the program and measure its effect on children exposed to it. In all, 5,942 children were exposed to the program during this project, and a questionnaire was sent to parents or guardians of each child. Also, 169 teachers participated in the project and each of these was sent a questionnaire. Pictorial safety quizzes were conducted on a sample of the exposed children and a control group to measure the effect of the program on the children's knowledge of good traffic safety practices. Some of the more noteworthy results of the project were: (1) A majority (80%) of the parents or guardians of children exposed to the TAPES program reported an increased awareness of traffic safety on the child's part. Of these, 83% felt the program was at least partly responsible. (2) A majority of the teachers reported that the program had a positive effect on the children's attitude and behavior toward safe pedestrian practices (86% and 79% respectively). (3) A majority (94%) of the teachers responding felt that the TAPES program was an effective instrument for teaching safety principles to their students. (4) Children exposed to TAPES demonstrated a significantly greater degree of knowledge about pedestrian safety than children not exposed to the program. KW - Attitudes KW - Awareness KW - Behavior KW - Children KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Parents KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Questionnaires KW - Teachers KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197429 AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POST-ASAP (ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT) PROGRESS REPORT (FINAL). PUERTO RICO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT PY - 1975/11 SP - 60 p. AB - The report provides information pertaining to ASAP generated activities during the period June 1975 - December 1976. During this period, Federal funding (Section 403) for operational countermeasures had terminated. Progress for the following areas are described: Enforcement (Special Alcohol Patrol Units, Special Alcohol Pedestrian Patrol Units, Breath Analysis, and Video Tape Evidence Collection); Legislative, Judicial and Assistance to Prosecutors; Pre-Sentence Investigation and Probation; Rehabilitation Services; Public Information and Education, and the Alcohol Advisory Committee. Although the ASAP period did not produce the expected results, the post-ASAP period progress is considered successful. With the exception of the Rehabilitation Countermeasure, the much needed services for the drinking driver are continuing. For the first time, there exists in Puerto Rico a genuine concern as to what happens to those that drink and drive. It can be assumed then that if only for this reason the ASAP was successful in Puerto Rico. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Information dissemination KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Publicity KW - Puerto Rico KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197430 AU - Yeganiantz, L AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PUERTO RICO ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION III. VOLUME II. TRENDS IN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR RELATING TO DRINKING AND DRIVING PY - 1975/11 SP - 54 p. AB - The project is a federally funded demonstration effort which seeks to establish the potential effectiveness of various countermeasures aimed at reducing the incidence of alcohol-related fatal and injury-producing motor vehicle accidents. In all, 35 projects were operational in cities, counties, multi-county areas and states throughout the nation. The present paper contains a final analysis of four Household Surveys, conducted in Puerto Rico during the 1972-75 period. A description of the survey objectives, procedure and design is given. Analysis of drinking behavior, including self-classification, the most common drink, number of days drinking, and most drinks in a day is presented. Finally, information concerning the respondents' familiarity with alcohol-related subjects is reviewed. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Interviewing KW - Males KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Population KW - Prevention KW - Puerto Rico KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093599 AU - Bessler, H H AU - BOBO, S N AU - Lourenco, M J AU - Wade, W R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING SYSTEM FOR RETREADS PY - 1975/11 SP - 94 p. AB - An important problem in retreading tires is the assurance of a satisfactory casing. Since 1972 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has had under development an air-coupled through-transmission ultrasonic inspection system for finding anomalies in casings. The report describes the results of this development in sufficient detail to permit its reproduction by a reasonably competent electronics manufacturer. The reader is cautioned that the equipment described will not find all anomalies in every casing, and that system cost effectiveness depends heavily on the way the equipment is used, the tires it inspects, and the types of anomalies considered to be detrimental to retreading. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Covering KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Deterioration KW - Electronics KW - Equipment tests KW - Inspection KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Retreaded tires KW - Separation KW - Test equipment KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Ultrasonics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131815 AU - Haffner, M P AU - Melton, C H AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHILD RESTRAINT ROLLOVER TEST DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975/11 SP - 88 p. AB - The development of a child restraint rollover test fixture and associated procedures is described. Documentation of a series of tests, employing a wide cross-section of child and infant restraints, is presented. Also discussed are fixture optimization, an alternate mechanical drive approach, and an investigation of vehicle seat belt tension levels applied to child restraints. KW - Fixtures KW - Infants KW - Machinery KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passenger restraints KW - Restraint systems KW - Rollover crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093937 AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT TEST REPORTS INDEX FOR 1974 PY - 1975/11 SP - 1105 p. AB - The report is an index to Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which were released to the public during calendar year 1974. This is the sixth in a series of indexes to the Standards Enforcement Test Reports of the NHTSA. The first index covers the year 1969 and is out-of-print but available for examination in the Administration; the second covers 1970 (PB-200 309), the third covers 1971 (PB-210 436), the fourth covers 1972 (PB-221 350), and the fifth covers 1973. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Components KW - Design standards KW - Enforcement KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Lighting equipment KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093629 AU - McBride, R S AU - Stroad, KWJ AU - Human Resources Research Organization International, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF DRIVER PROBLEMS. VOLUME II. ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES FOR OPERATIONAL USERS PY - 1975/11 SP - 183 p. AB - A state-of-the-art literature review was conducted to identify diagnostic assessment techniques for driver problems. Volume 2 addresses the current operational feasibility of the diagnostic assessment of driver problems. Based on the literature review, a prototype diagnostic assessment model is presented which incorporates assessment techniques which have been shown to be useful in an operational setting. This model is intended to serve as a practical guide for the operational assessor in the traffic enforcement/control system. KW - Assessments KW - Control KW - Criteria KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guidelines KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Natural frequency KW - Performance evaluations KW - Problem drivers KW - Problem solving KW - Psychometrics KW - Reference groups KW - Requirement KW - Reviews KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093630 AU - McBride, R S AU - Stroad, KWJ AU - Human Resources Research Organization International, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT OF DRIVER PROBLEMS. VOLUME I. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART IN DRIVER PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS PY - 1975/11 SP - 409 p. AB - A review of the traffic safety literature was conducted to evaluate the potential of assessment techniques for identifying driver problems. The ultimate objective was to provide operational assessors with techniques which may be useful to identify specific driver problems. The state-of-the-art review was organized by levels of observation: Level 1 was defined as assessment variables primarily available from a driver licensing file; Level 2 included data from other agencies (e.g., mental health); and Level 3 contained information which was obtainable directly from the driver. Each of these levels of observation was further divided by conceptual area: Performance; Biographical; Psychological/Social/Attitude; Medical/Physiological; and Exposure. KW - Age KW - Assessments KW - Attitudes KW - Background KW - Behavior KW - Control KW - Correlation analysis KW - Data collection KW - Driver interviews KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver psychology KW - Drivers KW - Families KW - Gender KW - Interviewing KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Problem drivers KW - Problem solving KW - Psychometrics KW - Questionnaires KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Reviews KW - Social psychology KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131680 AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - Silva, C Z AU - Hochberg, Y AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SEAT BELT EFFECTIVENESS IN 1973-75 MODEL INVOLVED IN TOWAWAY CRASHES PY - 1975/10/31 SP - 108 p. AB - Using a probability sample of towaway accidents involving 1973-75 model car and investigated by special teams in 5 different geographic regions, several multivariate analyses are examined which estimate injury rates and corresponding effectiveness relating to various levels of belt usage. The effective sample size is 10,758 occupants (drivers or right front seat passengers) for which belt status and AIS injury information along with age and seat position, car weight, crash configuration and vehicle damage severity is available. Analyses using log-linear models and weighted least squares procedures are carried out in considerable detail. The limitations and/or advantages of each method are pointed out and the results of various sensitivity investigations presented. A "Fact Book" of tables of interest from the overall file is included. /HSRI/ KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Research KW - Surveys KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141955 AU - Gordon, S AU - Prince, J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIELD OF VIEW WITH AND WITHOUT MOTORCYCLE HELMETS PY - 1975/10/15 SP - 27 p. AB - The total field of view for 19 experienced motorcyclists at 10 angular positions was obtained by moving a target along a circular perimeter and recording the angle at which it was first perceived. All subjects were tested with no helmet, two full coverage helmet models, two full facial coverage helmet models, and goggles. Along the horizontal plane, visual restriction was less than 3% with full coverage helmets are compared to no helmet. The full facial coverage helmets produced 7.3% and 21.9% lateral field reduction. The helmet with the large restriction was a "worst case" helmet representing a small percentage of helmet sales and typically used in off-street situations. Lateral vision with goggles was approximately equivalent to that achieved by the most restrictive helmet. /Author/ KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Goggles KW - Helmets KW - Motorcycles KW - Testing KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093565 AU - Gordon, S AU - Prince, J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIELD OF VIEW WITH AND WITHOUT MOTORCYCLE HELMETS PY - 1975/10/15 SP - 28 p. AB - The total field of view for 19 experienced motorcyclists at 10 angular positions was obtained by moving a target along a circular perimeter and recording the angle at which it was first perceived. All subjects were tested with no helmet, two full coverage helmet models, two full facial coverage helmet models, and goggles. Along the horizontal plane, visual restriction was less than 3 percent with full coverage helmets as compared to no helmet. The full facial coverage helmets produced 7.3 percent and 21.9 percent lateral field reduction. The helmet with the large restriction was a 'worst case' helmet representing a small percentage of helmet sales and typically used in off-street situations. Lateral vision with goggles was approximately equivalent to that achieved by the most restrictive helmet. KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Goggles KW - Helmets KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Visibility KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192216 AU - Yeganiantz, L AU - Kuttan (Appu) and Associates AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM. FINAL ANALYSIS OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM. SECTION II. ANALYTICAL STUDY IV, 1972-1975 PY - 1975/10 SP - 138 p. AB - Data on the disposition of DWI court cases in Puerto Rico for 1974-75 indicated that the conviction rate of all Superior Court Parts was 63.7% of disposed cases. More than 50.0% of all cases pleaded guilty at arraignment. Among contested cases, the conviction rate was only 18.9%, acquittals were 53.0%, and dismissals 27.9% for calendar year 1974. It was felt that the large number of DWI arrests contributed to the increase in absolute number of DWI convictions but led to a decrease in percentage of conviction. In nearly all instances, the judges accepted the diagnosis and recommendations of the ASAP Probation Officers based on pre-sentence investigations. License suspensions were used in two-thirds of the cases. Fines amounting to about $100 on the average remained the primary sanction for DWI offenders in Puerto Rico. The major punishment for DWI offenders was short-term incarceration for those who could not put up the bail, and fines in the form of high legal fees charged by private lawyers for those who chose to plead not guilty. If a defendant pleads not guilty and does not have BAC of .20 or more on his record, his chances of acquittal, particularly if he has a good lawyer who will cost him $500 to $1,500, are more than 80%. The backlog of cases was maintained at a steady level of 3,500 cases starting in the middle of 1974 through the middle of 1975. The change of DWI case jurisdiction from Superior Courts to District Courts will cut down the backlog within a year or two. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Convictions KW - Courts KW - Driver licenses KW - Drunk driving KW - Fees KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Impact studies KW - Jails KW - Judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Probation KW - Puerto Rico KW - Traffic conviction KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Trials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093442 AU - American Association Community and Junior Colleges AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOL INSTRUCTOR: PROJECT AT OHLONE COLLEGE PY - 1975/10 SP - 54 p. AB - A driver education task analysis was completed and instructional material was developed under a different contract but in conjunction with this and a companion project. Different editions of a teacher's guide were written for (1) secondary schools and (2) driving schools. The former was disseminated through the companion project, i.e., workshops for college and university teacher-educators. The Driving School edition was utilized in conjunction with pilot projects in two selected community colleges: Essex in New Jersey and Ohlone in California. A model 2-year Associate Degree was planned and courses specific to the teaching performance of the driving school instructor were developed and lesson material written. KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Driving instructors KW - Education KW - Instructors KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395314 AU - Sweeton, E R AU - Costenoble, K C AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ASAP ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM IN FAIRFAX COUNTY: 1974. ANALYTICAL STUDY NUMBER 4 PY - 1975/10 SP - 19 p. AB - Sanctions imposed for the sample of DWI offenders prior to any suspension of penalties are presented by BAC range for the years 1972 through 1974. Final sanctions imposed on the defendants in the sample are also presented for the same years. Comparing initial and final imposed sanctions, it was found that: 1) In 1972, DWI offenders were given higher initial sentences which were ultimately all or partially suspended and the typical fine actually paid was $50; 2) In 1973 and 1974, the majority of fines initially levied were, in fact, finally paid and $50 and $100 fines were typical; and 3) In 1974, there was a noticeable increase in the number of DWI offenders who were penalized with, in addition to fines, license suspensions (less than 6 months) and were put on probation (usually for one year). KW - Alcohol education programs KW - Alcohol use KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Driver license suspension KW - Driver licenses KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fines (Penalties) KW - Legal action KW - Penalties KW - Probation KW - Safety programs KW - Sanctions KW - Suspensions KW - Traffic safety education KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197687 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, 1975 (ASAP) PY - 1975/10 SP - 120 p. AB - The Sioux City/Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational July 1, 1972. The primary purpose of the project was to reduce the number of alcohol-related fatalities, injury accidents, and amount of personal property loss. Secondary gains which might occur as a result of enforcement efforts during the operational period were assessed but the focus of attention was the drinking driver, especially the problem drinker. Four countermeasure areas became functional after July 24, 1972, including (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Judicial, (3) Rehabilitation, and (4) Public Information and Education (PI&E). Law enforcement countermeasures included but was not restricted to increased attention to detection and arrest of suspected drinking drivers. The Judicial area included attempts to define the problem drinker in a more objective fashion and refer drivers arrested on alcohol-related charges to appropriate treatment programs. The rehabilitation effort consisted of different 'schools' providing various approaches and levels of intensiveness to re-educate and change the behavior of drinking drivers. KW - Alcoholism KW - Behavior KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Prevention KW - Public opinion KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192206 AU - Yeganiantz, L AU - Kuttan (Appu) and Associates AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE REHABILITATION COUNTERMEASURE ACTIVITIES. FINAL ANALYTICAL STUDY VI, 1973-1975 PY - 1975/10 SP - 102 p. AB - Of the 5423 convicted DWI offenders having entered ASAP rehabilitation up to 7/75, 34.2% were problem drinkers and 65.5% social drinkers. 2566 social drinkers completed the Special Driver Improvement Course and their licenses were reinstated. 127 of 1857 problem drinkers have completed their program, with only 1 rearrest. Two treatment modalities were used. DWI offenders were either segregated or included in groups with skid-row types. Separate groups seem to provide faster rehabilitation, averaging 22 sessions vs. 26 for integrated groups. Control groups could not be established since the Law provides for the rehabilitation of all diagnosed problem drinkers. Subsequently, comparison groups were developed from DWI offenders convicted before rehabilitation was available; one group with BAC greater than 0.20 to compare with problem drinkers, and one group with a lesser BAC to compare with social drinkers. Conclusions on the effectiveness of rehabilitation cannot be statistically or realistically established until more time has elapsed. The ASAP Rehabilitation Program has contributed to the development of new resources and expansion of existing resources available to provide help with solving alcohol-related problems. KW - Alcoholism KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Licenses KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Puerto Rico KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131973 AU - Henderson, R L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECT OF PASSENGER LOADING ON DRIVER'S VISIBILITY FROM AUTOMOBILES PY - 1975/10 SP - 13 p. AB - The available data clearly indicate that passenger obstruction to driver visibility is a potentially serious safety problem. Both direct and indirect visibility from passenger vehicles has been shown to be sensitive to passenger loading. The driver's view to the sides and rear has been demonstrated to be reduced by an amount varying from 45 to 52 percent depending upon body style and rear-view mirror configuration. Systematic observation of a sample of rush-hour traffic in the Washington, D.C. area revealed that 38% of all vehicles observed had at least one passenger in addition to the driver. This is an increase from the 27% found in a 1972 survey and suggests a trend toward increased average occupancy. If the current projections of fuel scarcity and increasing fuel costs are accurate, there is every reason to believe that this trend will continue. There appears, therefore, to be ample evidence that passenger obstruction to driver visibility is a serious problem requiring further consideration and the possible development of appropriate countermeasures. KW - Driver perception KW - Drivers KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Highway safety KW - Obstruction KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Passengers KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Perception KW - Rearview mirrors KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094140 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS. DETAILED REPORTS FROM JULY 1, 1975 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1975 PY - 1975/10 SP - 566 p. AB - The document contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the third quarter of 1975. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Recall campaigns KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093904 AU - BURKES, J M AU - Cromack, J R AU - Ziperman, H AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPACT TESTING OF ALLIED CHEMICAL 'INFLATABAND' WITH DUMMIES AND HUMAN VOLUNTEERS. VOLUME I PY - 1975/10 SP - 23 p. AB - The objectives of the testing program were: (1) evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the 'Inflataband' restraint system as a viable method of occupant protection in a simulated head-on automotive crash, and (2) evaluate the kinematic performance of anthropometric dummies and human volunteers under simulated impact conditions when restrained by the 'Inflataband'. The program formulated to satisfy the objectives consisted of 69 dynamic sled tests (30 dummy tests and 39 human tests). Test results indicate that (1) the 'Inflataband' provides acceptable restraint for the impact mode utilized and (2) that the dummy response to impact is more exaggerated than that observed with the human volunteers, but the discrepancies diminish with increasing impact severity. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Effectiveness KW - Frontal crashes KW - Human beings KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable devices KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093905 AU - BURKES, J M AU - Cromack, J R AU - Ziperman, H AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPACT TESTING OF ALLIED CHEMICAL INFLATABAND WITH DUMMIES AND HUMAN VOLUNTEERS, VOLUME II PY - 1975/10 SP - 229 p. AB - The objective of the testing program were: Evaluation program (Program plan, Impact simulator, Deceleration pulse, Sled buck, Primary restraint system, Secondary restraint system, Medical contingencies, Instrumentation, Program protocol, Volunteer protocol, Data reduction); Operational proglrms; Seat deterioration; Dummy/human performance; Restraint system performance; Medical observations. KW - Anatomical models KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Effectiveness KW - Human beings KW - Human factors engineering KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable devices KW - Inflatable structures KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093598 AU - Bonelli, C AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPOMORPHIC DUMMY POSITIONING REPEATABILITY, AND STABILITY TESTS PY - 1975/10 SP - 125 p. AB - The Part 572 anthropomorphic dummy is used to evaluate the performance of automobile passive restraint systems built to meet the requirements of FMVSS 208. Dummy position at the time of vehicle-barrier impact is regarded as a significant variable in the evaluation of the restraint system. Effort in this program therefore was directed toward evaluating two dummy positioning procedures as to repeatability of placement in the vehicle and as to the stability during vehicle motion prior to barrier impact. A positioning procedure for use with FMVSS 208 is recommended. KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Positioning KW - Reliability KW - Reproducibility KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093601 AU - Prerau, D S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROJECT LATEDAY: THE LEVEL OF ACCIDENTS UNDER THE EFFECT OF DAYLIGHT SAVING ALL YEAR PY - 1975/10 SP - 134 p. AB - Year-round daylight saving time (YRDST) has recently been observed in the United States. The observance of double daylight saving time (DDST) is under some consideration. One of the principal expected effects of the adoption of these time systems is a change in the level of motor vehicle accidents. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of year-round daylight saving time and of year-round double daylight saving time on the motor vehicle accident rate. An experiment was designed to employ computer analysis of available motor vehicle accident data to model the accident situation in the United States under YRDST and DDST. KW - Computer programming KW - Correlation analysis KW - Daylight KW - Daylight saving time KW - Energy KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Statistics KW - Time standards KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093557 AU - Enserink, E AU - Bonelli, C AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF TEST PARAMETERS AFFECTING FLEXION PROPERTIES OF PART 572 DUMMY NECK, LUMBAR SPINE AND ABDOMEN PY - 1975/10 SP - 75 p. AB - The report presents the results of tests conducted to investigate the rate dependency of abdomen and lumbar calibration tests as specified in CFR 49 Part 572. Tests were also conducted to determine the extent to which neck skin to pendulum contact affects neck flexion performance. Six Hybrid II dummies were used in testing. KW - Abdomen KW - Anatomical models KW - Anatomy KW - Anthropometry KW - Biodynamics KW - Calibration KW - Characteristics KW - Design KW - Equipment tests KW - Experimental data KW - Impact tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Motor vehicles KW - Neck KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Requirement KW - Skin KW - Specifications KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Tables (Data) KW - Test equipment KW - Test facilities KW - Tests KW - Vertebrae UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093556 AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TEST EVALUATION OF THIOKOL INFLATORS FOR AIR CUSHION RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1975/10 SP - 207 p. AB - The original equipment inflators were removed from both the driver and passenger air cushion restraint systems of four 1975 Oldsmobile 98s. Pyrotechnic inflators were built and installed in their place. Three of the automobiles were then subjected to fixed barrier crash tests at speeds of 35-40 miles per hour. Injury levels were determined on CFR 49 Part 572 dummies occupying the front seats and compared with the injury criteria of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 208. A 6 year-old child dummy was placed out-of-position on the front passenger seat of the fourth automobile and the bag was statically deployed. Injury levels were determined for the child dummy and compared with the criteria of FMVSS 208. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Air bags KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Criteria KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Inflation KW - Initiators explosive KW - Injuries KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093544 AU - Espeland, R H AU - Teters, L R AU - Jacobsen, L A AU - Morrison, ELJ AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND SAFETY DEVICES PY - 1975/10 SP - 230 p. AB - The report describes the results of a study to investigate, identify, and analyze the potential problems of electromagnetic interference from all sources (internal and external to the vehicle) that may cause malfunction of motor vehicle electronic control and electronically actuated safety devices. This program accomplishes an analysis of inter- and intra-vehicle energy transfer and coupling by computer simulation, using DOD developed modeling techniques that have been employed for a wide range of EMC/EMI design and evaluation support problems. These applications have included aircraft, spacecraft, and advanced surface ships. A computerized circuit analysis model adapted from the IBM Electronic Circuit Analysis Program (ECAP) is used to assess susceptability of representative types of electronic components and subsystems typically used in automotive electronic applications. A preliminary EM environmental source file is provided based on a literature search of vehicular internal noise sources and worst case external electromagnetic field descriptions. Validation test plans and preliminary EMC guidelines for automotive electronics are summarized. KW - Analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Computer programs KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Electronic control KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Failure KW - Interference KW - Motor vehicles KW - Noise KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093545 AU - Conkell AU - University of Miami, Coral Gables AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION - SPECIAL REPORT NO. 3 - SCHOOL BUS FATALITY NEAR MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE PY - 1975/10 SP - 67 p. AB - The report describes the factors, conclusions, and recommendations which arose as a result of an accident involving a 1971 GMC mini-bus with 44 occupants (42 of which were children participating in the Head Start Program). The case vehicle was westbound on a rural two-lane roadway and traveling at approximately 30 - 35 mph when four children fell from the vehicle's right side sliding door, which had opened unexpectedly. One of the four children was fatally injured (AIS 6), while those remaining sustained only minor injuries (AIS 1). KW - Buses KW - Casualties KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Doors KW - Failure KW - Fatalities KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - School buses KW - Schools KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093494 AU - Krumm, R L AU - Essex Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF RECTANGULAR HEADLAMPS PY - 1975/10 SP - 49 p. AB - An analytical and empirical investigation evaluated use of rectangular headlamps during the present interim allowance period. If the option is extended, it is forecast that 77 million passenger cars with rectangular headlamps will be on U.S. roads in 1985, about 62 percent of the forecast 1985 passenger car registrations. Telephone interviews were conducted with a representative sample of owners of 1975 automobiles equipped with rectangular headlamps. Results are reported. A survey of GMC dealers, service stations, unaffiliated parts suppliers and general retail outlets, indicated where the rectangular lamps are available. Mechanical aimers are discussed. KW - Aiming KW - Assessments KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Field studies KW - Headlamps KW - Interviewing KW - Lamps KW - Lighting equipment KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Rectangles KW - Rectangular bodies KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192226 AU - Yeganiantz, L AU - Kuttan (Appu) and Associates AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Puerto Rico Traffic Safety Commission TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DRIVER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY. FINAL ANALYTICAL STUDY V, 1973-1975 PY - 1975/09 SP - 102 p. AB - In order to permit the courts to become more effectively involved in rehabilitating the problem drinker-driver, it was first necessary to devise a means by which the problem drinker could be identified. Law 59 of May 1973 established a mandatory pre-sentence investigation for convicted DWI offenders and required his classification as a problem or social drinker before sentence could be announced. From July 1973 through June 1975, there were 7,274 DWI convicted offenders referred to probation officers for pre-sentence investigation. Out of this group, 5,980 cases were completed and 2,126 or 35.5% were diagnosed as problem drinkers. Until February 1974, all pre-sentence investigations were made by the Court Administration. In February, Puerto Rico ASAP hired 19 probation officers for this countermeasure. The cost of each investigation was about $142 in Fiscal Year 1973-74 and $136 for 1974-75. The major consideration in evaluating the validity of the diagnostic procedure was the percentage distribution of problem and social drinkers. This was made on the assumption that the client-flow to a particular diagnostic unit presents a relatively consistent mix of persons with varying degrees of drinking-problem severity. The cumulative monthly percentage of diagnosed problem drinkers varied from 47.1% in November 1973 to 30.4% in February 1974. The percentage averaged 34% in July 1974 through June of 1975, when the same ASAP-sponsored probation officers were doing the investigations, showing improvement and consistency. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohol use KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Convictions KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Crash investigation KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drug abuse KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Problem drivers KW - Project management KW - Puerto Rico KW - Rehabilitation KW - Studies KW - Traffic conviction KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00164946 AU - Henderson, R L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECT OF SAFETY HELMETS ON AUDITORY CAPABILITY PY - 1975/09 SP - 18 p. AB - The phenomenon of hearing is examined to show that motorcycle helmets do not reduce auditory capability to a level unsafe for driving. The noise generated by the motorcycle itself (or wind, at higher speeds) is so great that any sound loud enough to penetrate this noise is loud enough to be heard inside a helmet. Basic human auditory capability and the direct effect of helmets on the auditory threshold are discussed. The effect of ambient noise on the auditory performance is also analyzed. Graphs are provided for: human auditory Sensitivity to sounds of different frequencies; a comparison of average sound attenuation characteristics of automobile (windows up) and protective helmets; a comparison of age-related heavy loss (ages 46-55) and temporary hearings loss from wearing protective helmets; the auditory threshold for the 46-55 age group with and without protective helmets; a comparison of motorcycle noise at various speeds and auditory threshold of 46-55 age group with and without helmets; illustrations of the masking of an automobile horn and a seren by motorcycle noise; and horn audibility inside a passenger car. It is concluded that: safety helmets have an inconsequential auditory effect because they reduce the loudness of both the sound of interest and the motorcycle noise by an equal amount and hence do not alter the signal-to-noise ratio between the two; and a helmeted motorcycle rider can hear a sound of interest about as well as a person in an automobile with the windows closed. /Author/ KW - Hearings KW - Helmets KW - Noise KW - Perception KW - Sensitivity KW - Signal to noise ratio KW - Thresholds (Perception) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/55548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093437 AU - Bryant, P J AU - Valentine, J L AU - Gutshall, P L AU - Gan, OHM AU - DRISCOLL, P AU - University of Missouri, Kansas City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR DETECTION OF MARIJUANA INTOXICATION BY ANALYSIS OF BODY FLUIDS PY - 1975/09 SP - 33 p. AB - Methods employing high pressure liquid chromatography plus mass spectrometry is developed for the detection of low concentrations of various marijuana metabolites in body fluids. A new marijuana metabolite was found which could be detected in blood for twenty four hours after smoking. KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Blood tests KW - Body fluids KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chromatography KW - Concentration KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Drugs KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Marijuana KW - Mass spectrometers KW - Smoking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093438 AU - Johnson, N AU - SANDERSON, S AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SPILLED FUEL IGNITION SOURCES AND COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1975/09 SP - 212 p. AB - This program defined the conditions under which motor vehicle crash fires are ignited and proposed practicable countermeasures to reduce the incidence of these fires. Both ignition sources and fuel spillage were investigated. An important aspect of this program was to demonstrate, through the mechanics of crash testing, the type of fire safety protection that can be provided by present technology. The program consisted of five major tasks which are described. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Flames KW - Friction KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Hazards KW - Ignition KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Revisions KW - Sparks KW - Spillage KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Surface temperature KW - Technology KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093436 AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL, HIGHWAY SAFETY AND THE DWI DEFENSE ATTORNEY PY - 1975/09 SP - 58 p. AB - The report describes the development, test and evaluation of training material for use in a seminar or briefing for attorneys concerned with the defense of clients charged with DWI. The identification of training objectives and of limitations on presentation format and style is stressed. KW - Alcoholism KW - Attorneys KW - Counseling KW - Defense KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Instructional materials KW - Legal factors KW - Manuals KW - Professional personnel KW - Rehabilitation KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093360 AU - Raine, W L AU - Chatterton, N E AU - Dunn, A R AU - Teledyne Brown Engineering AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF GLARE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES PY - 1975/09 SP - 120 p. AB - Degradation of the visual capacity of a motor vehicle driver caused by luminous sources on the driver's own vehicle during daylight is quantified according to luminance glare theory. Effects of driver's age and daylight conditions are considered, and a means for laboratory measurement of vehicle glare production characteristics is developed. Based upon a probabalistic model of target detection, allowable glare in the field of view is determined. It is found that spot glare sources do not materially contribute to degradation of visual capacity (with the model), that the dash of the motor vehicle is generally the largest contributor to glare, and that suitable design changes to motor vehicles would allow them to meet the criterion established. Laboratory measurements with both collimated and diffuse sources are shown to be necessary to adequately evaluate motor vehicle performance. KW - Age KW - Automobile bodies KW - Brightness KW - Daylight KW - Design standards KW - Driver age KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Glare KW - Headlamps KW - Instrument panels KW - Luminance KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Photometry KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Visual perception UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093362 AU - Boulay, P AU - Davis, S AU - Johnson, N AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TESTING OF FOREIGN PROTOTYPE EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES-PROGRAM. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/09 SP - 82 p. AB - The document provides an summary of the Foreign Experimental Safety Vehicle Test and Evaluation Program. The report summarizes the testing conducted, presents summaries of the test results and includes references to NTIS documents in which the detailed test data may be found. The purpose of the program was to continue the quantitative nondestructive and crash testing of foreign prototype Experimental Safety Vehicles. The vehicles tested under this contract were the Fiat, Nissan, and Toyota ESVs. Specific tasks included: Initial Inspection and Evaluation of Design Parameters; accident avoidance tests; crash injury reduction tests; post-crash evaluations. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Foreign automobiles KW - Foreign vehicles KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Prevention KW - Prototype tests KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural design KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093357 AU - Boulay, P AU - Macaulay, T AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT AVOIDANCE TEST REPORT-NISSAN AND TOYOTA EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES PY - 1975/09 SP - 153 p. AB - Two Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESVs) manufactured by Nissan and Toyota of Japan were tested to evaluate the accident avoidance performance of each vehicle. The report contains a brief description of each vehicle and of each test performed as well as the results of the tests. The tests performed included: Braking performance -stopping distance, pedal force, emergency braking, brake efficiency, and parking brake tests; steering performance -transient and steady state yaw response; handling -lateral acceleration, sinusoidal steer, and trapezoidal steer tests; overturning immunity -drastic steer and brake tests. Each of the above results are presented and compared to the Japanese ESV design requirements. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Cargo handling KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic tests KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Overturning KW - Prevention KW - Safe handling KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety vehicles KW - Steering KW - Stopping distances KW - Testing KW - Vehicle performance KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093371 AU - Pierce, R N AU - Davis, K B AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING-TREADWEAR (CITY TEST) PY - 1975/09 SP - 65 p. AB - The development of a practical means of establishing relative passenger tire treadwear rates has been the basis of an ongoing study. The data from specific tests are used to grade tires in respect to treadwear in response to the criteria set forth by the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966. Several efforts are being made to provide expeditious and practical, yet accurate, procedures by imposition of closely controlled and regulated wear-type maneuvers over a pre-selected test course. In the interest of universal application, this study provides for the design of such a course on readily available public thoroughfares. KW - Belts KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Grading KW - Grading (Earthwork) KW - Manual safety belts KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Recommendations KW - Road tests KW - Routes KW - Service life KW - Testing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Validity KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093376 AU - Bishop, E W AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - POLICE MANAGEMENT TRAINING FACTORS INFLUENCING DWI ARRESTS PY - 1975/09 SP - 71 p. AB - The development of training material for police management personnel concerning command and supervisory actions appropriate for more effective DWI enforcement is described. The training is based on two research studies that identified environmental and attitudinal factors that influence a patrolman's arrest decision. The training is designed as a workshop and uses the case-study technique. The development of both content and format is described as well as the results of pilot test and evaluation. KW - Alcoholism KW - Arrests KW - Attitudes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Police KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Specialized training KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29996 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00134276 JO - Traffic Laws Commentary AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING PY - 1975/09 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 72 p. AB - This discussion of the legal framework for an accident analysis system, reviews state laws relating to accident reports and accident investigations in the context of comparable provisions of the uniform vehicle code. The question of what accidents are reportable is examined, as well as where accident laws apply, and the definition of an accident. Information exchange at the scene is discussed, as well as the accident investigation by the police. The written report by involved parties is outlined, and comments are made related to special investigations such as coroners reports. The review indicates that 3 states have repealed their written report requirements. Another 2 states have provisions indicating that if a report is filed by an investigating police officer no written report by the involved parties is required. This exception to the written report was recently added to the Uniform Vehicle Code. Arguments for and against a police investigation are discussed, and the question is considered whether they should respond to the accident to control and clear the scene and restore efficient traffic flow. Greater uniformity in accident laws which would facilitate programs on a national level (to educate drivers) is desirable. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Police KW - Standardization KW - States KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Uniform traffic laws KW - Uniform Vehicle Code UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128816 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC SAFETY '74. VOLUME II PY - 1975/09 SP - 171 p. AB - The 1974 administration of the National Traffic and Motor Safety Act of 1966 as amended in response to the reporting requirements in Section 102 is described. The publication which covers the annual report required by Section 112, Title I of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act of 1972, focuses on progress made during 1974 in carrying out the purposes of the two Acts, and the effect this has had on traffic accidents, injuries and deaths. The programs and research developed to promote the safety of the motoring public are reviewed and the persistent problems that stand in the way of more rapid achievement are discussed. Lowered speed limits, reduced driving, and altered driving habits have all combined to reduce the total number of fatalities in 1974. Appendices are included which provide information on litigation resulting from administration of the Acts, statistical records of accidents and injuries, the degree of observance of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, research grants, contracts and research activities, enforcement actions, and the dissemination of technical information. KW - Costs KW - Driving KW - Fatalities KW - Highway pavement KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Injuries KW - Laws KW - Litigation KW - Pavements KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Research KW - Savings KW - Speed limits KW - Standards KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00128817 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAFFIC SAFETY '74. VOLUME I PY - 1975/09 SP - 171 p. AB - This description of the 1974 administration of the Highway Safety Act of 1966 as amended in response to the reporting requirements of Section 202 (a), also addresses those provisions of the Highway Safety Act of 1973 which specially interested Congress, and focuses on the accomplishments of States and communities in carrying out their highway safety programs in accordance with the national highway safety standards. The fuel shortage and the side effects which this has had upon highway safety is discussed. Lowered speeds, reduced driving, and altered driving attitudes (in combination), are given credit for the prevention of almost 9,550 traffic deaths. The fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles, which dropped from 5.6 in 1966 to 4.2 in 1973, fell to 3.6 in 1974. Statistical compilation, funding table and a complete listing and description of litigation resulting from administration of the Acts are included in appendices. KW - Drivers KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fatalities KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway safety KW - Laws KW - Public opinion KW - Speed limits KW - State government KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093481 AU - Adams, L AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SCHOOL BUS PASSENGER SEAT TESTING PY - 1975/09 SP - 232 p. AB - Tests and analytical studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of NHTSA's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on school bus passenger seating and crash protection (see Federal Register, Vol. 39, No. 147, pp. 27585-27589, Tuesday, July 30, 1974) in reducing the injury potential to the seated occupants in frontal impacts. The study parameters included seat back height and contours, number and size of the occupants, and impact velocity. Recommendations are made on desirable revisions to the NPRM requirements. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Buses KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Protection KW - Pump tests KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering KW - School buses KW - Seats KW - Structural engineering KW - Test procedures KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093493 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SPILLED FUEL IGNITION SOURCES AND COUNTERMEASURERS SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/09 SP - 28 p. AB - This report summarizes a program which defined the conditions under which motor vehicle crash fires are ignited and proposed practicable countermeasures to reduce the incidence of these fires. Both ignition sources and fuel spillage were investigated. Electrical sparks generated from damage to the vehicle's electrical system during a crash are studied as the most hazardous ignition sources. Vehicle headlight filaments are also ignition sources. Full-scale crash tests demonstrated how commercially available inertia switches will shut off the vehicle's electrical system during frontal, front-to-rear, and rollover crashes. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Evaluation KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Frontal crashes KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Ignition KW - Impact tests KW - Inertia (Mechanics) KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Rollover crashes KW - Sparks KW - Spillage KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Switches KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093499 AU - Fitzpatrick, M AU - Egbert, T AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLATABLE BELT DEVELOPMENT FOR SUBCOMPACT CAR PASSENGERS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/09 SP - 39 p. AB - The objectives of the program were: To design a passively operating inflatable belt restraint capable of protecting the full anthropometric size range of right front passengers in the subcompact vehicle in frontal crashes up to 50 mph; to accomplish these goals with a system that is amenable to mass production. KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Computer programming KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable devices KW - Inflatable structures KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passenger restraints KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092479 AU - Breedon, D AU - Gordon, S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1975/08/25 SP - 59 p. AB - Five restraint systems were evaluated in terms of comfort and convenience by ten subjects. Statistical analysis of particular questions and system comparisons uncovered potential problems. The standard lap and shoulder belt system (1974 Chevrolet Impala) was found to be more acceptable than the advanced systems. Several aspects of the systems caused difficulties or confusion, and the single-loop 'window-shade' feature most frequently produced problems. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Comfort KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant restraint KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety engineering KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses KW - Statistical analysis KW - Utilization KW - Utilization characteristics UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25388/DOT-HS-801-712.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099750 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MEDICAL EMERGENCY COORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS ASSESSMENT (MECCA) PROGRAM PY - 1975/08/15 SP - 1 p. AB - Grants awarded by the U.S. Department of Transportation will be utilized in the development of rapid response emergency medical service systems in Washington D.C. and Philadelphia. The projects, which will become effective during the Bicentennial celebrations, will provide for a Medical Emergency Coordination Communications Assessment (MECCA). MECCA will combine transportation facilities with medical assistance through a communications system using computer technology. The projects, which are expected to rapidly mobilize and manage available resources in accidents and other medical emergencies, will complement the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Emergency Medical Services (EMS) program to reduce highway deaths and injuries. KW - Communication systems KW - Crashes KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Fatalities KW - Grant aid KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway safety KW - Information processing KW - Medical services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01082925 AU - Dubowski, Kurt M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A Study of Characteristics of a Reliable and Practical Breath Alcohol Screening Test: Part A PY - 1975/08//Final Report SP - 64p AB - Analysis of alcohol in breath for traffic law enforcement and related purposes is conveniently classified into two major categories - quantitative evidential breath-alcohol analysis, and breath-alcohol screening tests also sometimes designated "preliminary breath-alcohol tests." The latter have many potential uses, such as for roadside alcohol prevalence studies in motor vehicle drivers or pedestrians and for field (roadside) testing by police officers of suspected drinking drivers prior to or in lieu of more formal enforcement action. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate several commercially available breath-alcohol screening test devices of the length-of-stain type, under standardized laboratory conditions, with respect to their ability satisfactorily to detect and quantify alcohol in vapor specimens; (2) to investigate the several breath parameters, e.g., temperature, volume, pressure, flow rate, which potentially affect the reliability and validity of breath-alcohol screening tests, and (3) to evaluate these findings with respect to their bearing upon breath-alcohol screening tests. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol screening KW - Alcohol use KW - Countermeasures KW - Drunk drivers KW - Flow rate KW - Highway safety KW - Pressure KW - Sobriety checkpoints KW - Temperature KW - Traffic safety KW - Volume UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25413/DOT-HS-EPX-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320199 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECT OF THE FUEL SHORTAGE ON TRAVEL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY, 1972-75 PY - 1975/08 SP - n.p. AB - Report analyzing effects of the 55 mph speed limit and other conservation measures instituted during the 1973-74 energy crisis on highway travel, gasoline consumption, and traffic accidents. Data are derived from previous NHTSA and Federal Highway Administration Reports. Contains narrative analysis with scattered text statistics, tables, and 14 charts showing average monthly gasoline sales, 1972-74; annual miles of highway travel, by type of highway, 1966-74, and percent change, 1973-74; distribution of traffic, by speed and highway type, 1973-74; and percent reduction in highway accidents, injuries, and fatalities, by month, day, hour of day, urban/rural, and driver age, 1973 to mid-1975. Appendices (19p.) contain chronologies of 55 mph speed limit decision and other conservation measures. (TSC) KW - Data analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Safety and security KW - Speed limits KW - Supply KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197539 AU - McIntire, J R AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT LAW ENFORCEMENT COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1975/08 SP - 82 p. AB - The report summarizes the operational years of specialized DUI enforcement patrols operated by the Los Angeles County Alcohol Safety Action Project. An administration and impact level of evaluation describes the operations, procedures and effectiveness of patrols in making driving under the influence arrests. This arrest performance is then evaluated with respect to ultimate crash reductions within the target area. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - California KW - Countermeasures KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093446 AU - Planning and Human Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ASAP ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS. VOLUME 3 PY - 1975/08 SP - 183 p. AB - The Final Report recapitulates and summarizes the work of a contract on Review and Analysis of ASAP Enforcement Effort. The major sections of the report are contained in four volumes. Volume 3, Deployment Strategies, addresses the general question of how personnel and equipment were deployed for maximum enforcement effectiveness. This volume is primarily focused on administrative topics in contrast to the other three which are devoted to certain operational aspects of enforcement. KW - Administration KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Deployment KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Equipment KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093447 AU - Planning and Human Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF ASAP ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS. VOLUME 4 PY - 1975/08 SP - 340 p. AB - The Final Report recapitulates and summarizes the work of a contract on Review and Analysis of ASAP Enforcement Effort. The major sections of the report are contained in four volumes. Volume 4, Overall Enforcement, addresses the process of enforcement in sequential terms with chapters devoted to detection, apprehension, transport, incarceration, testimony and adjudication. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Apprehension KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Criminal justice KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fear KW - Justice KW - Law enforcement KW - Penalties KW - Police KW - Prosecution KW - Rehabilitation KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093349 AU - Reddi, M M AU - Tsai, H C AU - Wendt, F W AU - Rogers, V A AU - Erb, R A AU - Franklin Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THORACIC IMPACT INJURY MECHANISM. VOLUME I PY - 1975/08 SP - 234 p. AB - Mathematical modeling and related computer program development for the thorax under impact conditions are described. An experimental program for measuring thoracic behavior of Rhesus Monkeys under impact conditions by means of bi-planar cine-radiography is also described. Preparation of an anatomical cross-section atlas for Rhesus Monkey is discussed. Results of the computer program are compared to experimental data for a human thorax and are found to be satisfactory. KW - Biodynamics KW - Biophysics KW - Blood vessels KW - Bronchi KW - Computer programming KW - Diaphragm anatomy KW - Esophagus KW - Experimental data KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Lungs KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical properties KW - Monkeys KW - Motion pictures KW - Radiography KW - Respiratory system KW - Ribs KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Thorax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093352 AU - Reddi, M M AU - Tsai, H C AU - Wendt, F W AU - Rogers, V A AU - Erb, R A AU - Franklin Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THORACIC IMPACT INJURY MECHANISM. VOLUME II PY - 1975/08 SP - 288 p. AB - Contents: General thoracic injuries? Diaphragm injuries? Skeletal system injuries; Tracheobronchial injuries; Esophageal injuries; Lung injuries; Cardiovascular injuries; Thoracic impact experimental data; Cadaver data validity; Anthropometric dummies; Material properties; Protective equipment and injury; Biodynamic modeling; Rhesus monkey anatomy and physiology. KW - Abstracts KW - Anatomy KW - Anthropometry KW - Biodynamics KW - Biophysics KW - Bronchi KW - Computer programming KW - Diaphragm anatomy KW - Esophagus KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Lungs KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Monkeys KW - Musculoskeletal system KW - Pathology KW - Radiography KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Thorax KW - Trachea UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093298 AU - Davis, L E AU - Andrews, R B AU - Durbin, E P AU - Nahum, A N AU - Trist, E L AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - METHODOLOGIES FOR THE EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE SYSTEMS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1975/08 SP - 252 p. AB - The volume contains the appendices to the Final Report of the UCLA Emergency Medical Service Systems Project. Several kinds of detailed information are provided. These include: (1) the numerous data and questionnaire forms, which were developed for studies and surveys, (2) the enabling state legislation, training program, medication and supplies, and sample transcripts of operational runs for the demonstration study of Mobile Intensive Care Units manned by paramedics, (3) the protocol for the demonstration of air ambulance helicopters, and (4) the contents of helicopter transportable field kits for Mobile Disaster Teams. KW - Data KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Evaluation KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Helicopters KW - Laws KW - Medical services KW - Methodology KW - Mobile equipment KW - Paramedics KW - Planning KW - Portable equipment KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Tests KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093299 AU - Fitzsimmons, J A AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - METHODOLOGIES FOR THE EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE SYSTEMS. VOLUME III. COMPUTERIZED AMBULANCE LOCATION LOGIC USERS MANUAL: PL/I AND FORTRAN VERSIONS PY - 1975/08 SP - 120 p. AB - An efficient and general method of seeking an optimal deployment of emergency medical vehicles, in terms of minimizing the response time, is presented. The method combines a queuing model, an optimum seeking nonlinear algorithm, and simulation. This queuing model describes a system in which the arrival rate is distributed in a Poisson manner, the service time may have any distribution and no waiting occurs because the available providers of services are infinite in number. The search routine is that developed by Hooke and Jeeves. The queuing model is used to estimate a conditional mean response time for the given locations of hospitals and any initial set of locations of the emergency medical vehicles. The probabilities of one, two, etc., emergency medical vehicles being busy, and hence increasing the mean response time, are estimated by simulation. The search routine directs changes in the locations of the emergency medical vehicles with the object of progressively decreasing the mean response time. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Algorithms KW - Ambulances KW - Computer programming languages KW - Computer programs KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency response time KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Evaluating KW - Evaluation KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Information processing KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Medical services KW - Models KW - Optimization KW - Pl/1 programming language KW - Planning KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Reaction time KW - Response KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092490 AU - Klein, R H AU - Humes, R W AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF INTERMIXING OF BIAS, BIAS BELTED, AND RADIAL PLY PASSENGER TIRES OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS AND DRIVER/VEHICLE RESPONSES PY - 1975/08 SP - 86 p. AB - This report describes a field test program aimed at quantitatively determining the changes in vehicle dynamics and driver response characteristics when radial, bias belted, bias ply, and lower pressure radial tire sets are intermixed on the front and rear of passenger cars. The driving tasks included highway lane tracking in the presence of simulated crosswind disturbances, transient tasks such as normal and emergency lane changes, and limit of control tasks such as a high-speed slalom. The results indicated that radial fronts with belted rears produced the greatest reduction in base vehicle understeer. Both this and a configuration with radial fronts and lower pressure radial rears were tested for time delay margins. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Field tests KW - Human machine systems KW - Mixing KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Radial ply tires KW - Radial tires KW - Reaction time KW - Response KW - Road tests KW - Steering KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092493 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 11 PY - 1975/08 SP - 320 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants involved with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092494 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 12 PY - 1975/08 SP - 351 p. AB - This report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099110 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTORCYCLE DRIVER LICENSING AND TRAINING PROGRAM PY - 1975/07/24 SP - 2 p. AB - The California Department of Motor Vehicles will conduct an improved motorcycle driver licensing and training program to demonstrate that upgrading begineer's skills for new motorcyclists will result in lower accident rate. Refined motorcycle driver skills and knowledge (Motorcycle Safety Foundation, MSF) tests, and a modified NSF Beginning Rider Course (to assure that randomly selected selected begineers have the basic knowledge and skills to drive safely) will be used. The first phase of the study will consist of the preparation of a comprehensive plan for conducting and evaluating an improved motorcycle driver license examination program. In the second phase, the accident and violation experience of two groups (study and control groups) will be analyzed periodically for 2-3 years following issuance of license. The third phase will involve an in-depth analysis of the project and a report which will include recommendations for conducting driver license programs, knowledge and skill test criteria, and supplemental education and training requirements. KW - Crash rates KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Highway safety KW - Modernization KW - Motorcycles KW - Motorcyclists KW - Personnel performance KW - Testing KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369370 AU - FLECK, J T AU - BUTLER, F E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVED COMPUTER MODEL OF THE HUMAN BODY AND EXTREMITY DYNAMICS PY - 1975/07 SP - 164 p. AB - Three principal modifications, namely, an improved joint formulation, an improved belt restraint formulation and inclusion of aerodynamic forces, were incorporated into the Phase III Calspan Three-Dimensional Crash Victim Model Simulation. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Crash victims KW - Dummies KW - Harness KW - Joints (Anatomy) KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical models KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems KW - Simulation KW - Three dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197580 AU - Sioux City-Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - Morningside College, Sioux City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VOLUNTARY ROADSIDE SURVEY, 1975 (ASAP) PY - 1975/07 SP - 130 p. AB - The Sioux City/Woodbury County Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational July 1, 1972. The primary purpose of the project was to reduce the number of alcohol-related fatalities, injury accidents, and amount of personal property loss. Secondary gains which might occur as a result of enforcement efforts during the operational period were assessed but the focus of attention was the drinking driver, especially the problem drinker. Four countermeasure areas became functional after July 24, 1972, including (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Judicial, (3) Rehabilitation, and (4) Public Information and Education (PI&E). Law enforcement countermeasures included but was not restricted to increased attention to detection and arrest of suspected drinking drivers. The Judicial area included attempts to define the problem drinker in a more objective fashion and refer drivers arrested on alcohol-related charges to appropriate treatment programs. The rehabilitation effort consisted of different 'schools' providing various approaches and levels of intensiveness to re-educate and change the behavior of drinking drivers. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Iowa KW - Law enforcement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176260 AU - Stanford Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS IN RELATION TO GEOMETRIC AND TRAFFIC FEATURES OF HIGHWAY INTERSECTIONS PY - 1975/07 SP - 368p-in-3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132132 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STATEWIDE HIGHWAY SAFETY PROGRAM ASSESSMENT--A NATIONAL ESTIMATE OF PERFORMANCE PY - 1975/07 SP - 153 p. AB - The Nation spent $4 billion last year for traffic and highway safety. The problems are well known--normally over 50,000 fatalities and over 4 million injuries annually. The need for a National safety mission is clear. With this direction in mind, the current Assessment examines how safety funds were used from 1969 through 1974, and what was produced nationwide. In the ensuing chapters, we will examine the following: highway safety program operational outputs; state/local expenditures and Federal 402 funds which were used to achieve program results; program performance trends--how their growth matched growth in highway risks, as well as social and economic factors which point the way for program decisions. The analysis was constructed around key indicators of performance which were considered useful to produce national findings. Performance is a word essentially defined by other words: accomplishments, what was done, outputs, efficiency and productivity. For a better meaning there are examples in the study, such as the number of citations for traffic violations, traffic-related ambulance responses, presentence investigations, the cost per unit for these actions, and the trends of these and other indicators over a six-year period compared with the number of drivers and vehicles on the road, their miles of travel, and associated factors. KW - Assessments KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Crash rates KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Highway safety KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41060 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00144395 JO - Publication of: International Congress on Automotive Safety PB - International Congress on Automotive Safety AU - Warner, C Y AU - Withers, M R AU - Peterson, R AU - International Congress on Automotive Safety TI - SOCIETAL PRIORITIES IN OCCUPANT CRASH PROTECTION PY - 1975/07 SP - p. 907-960 AB - Analysis of accident data and vehicle trends, using the Minicars benefit-cost model, has led to predictions of the societal economic impact of various crash injury countermeasure strategies. The analysis shows unquestionably that casualties and costs will climb, despite the transient decreases seen in 1974. Unless decisive action is taken now to introduce passive restrains, annual fatalities will rise by more than 35% by 1985. Introduction of passive restraints can lead to huge economic benefits. Lap/shoulder belts, because of usage and effectiveness, cannot be expected to achieve equal economic or statistical benefit to those of air cushions. Even with 100% lap/shoulder belt use, airbag-lap belt systems will produce twice the predicted payoffs. Further, there is no practicable means likely to be implemented soon which will provide usage levels needed to achieve belt system benefit/cost ratios equal to those achievable by early implementation of passive restraints. Practical and political considerations relating to adoption of mandatory use laws in 50 states suggest a minimum of 6 years for full adoption. Implementation of passive restraints in the same time frame will yield greater benefits. The great advantage accrued to the driver position by occupancy is reflected in any economic study, but the economics of the proposed passive restraint requirements of NVSS 208 make the right front passenger seat a sound investment also, even at its lower occupancy. Airbags are needed now in all front seats if the nation is to significantly reduce highway casualties. The societal cost of further delays can be measured in terms of tens of thousands of fatalities and hundreds of thousands of injuries per year. The rank-ordered apportionment of benefits by position, class, and crash intensity suggests that future restraints improvements (beyond the 30 mph first step) may rightly be implemented for drivers first, with other positions lagging in time. The model also suggests that lower economic priority could be assigned to rollover, rear seat, and upgraded (above 30 mph) right front passenger protection, and that delaying or reverting to optional systems in these modes and seats might be considered. (A) KW - Air bags KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Data analysis KW - Fatalities KW - Manual safety belts KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Passenger restraints KW - Research KW - Restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/67726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093445 AU - Kappa Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT TEST REPORTS INDEX FOR 1973 PY - 1975/07 SP - 1750 p. AB - The report is an index to Standards Enforcement test reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which were released to the public during calendar year 1973. This is the fifth in a series of indexes to the Standards Enforcement test reports of the NHTSA. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Components KW - Design standards KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Lighting equipment KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Tests KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093377 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS DETAILED REPORTS FROM APRIL 1 TO JUNE 30, 1953 PY - 1975/07 SP - 781 p. AB - The document contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the second quarter of 1975. KW - Automobile industry KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Foreign automobiles KW - Foreign vehicles KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Recall campaigns KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093009 AU - Hiett, R L AU - Worrall, J W AU - Brown, G L AU - Witten, D L AU - Human Sciences Research Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE FOR UNSAFE TARGET DRIVING BEHAVIORS AND SAFE DRIVING CONFORMANCE COUNTERMEASURES APPROACHES-TASK 2 REPORT PY - 1975/07 SP - 272 p. AB - The report assesses the state of present knowledge that relates to the development of a safe driving conformance program. Such a program requires information in two major areas: Target Driving Behaviors and Countermeasures. The procedure adhered to in the study was to first indicate the information requirements in both these areas. Then a literature review based on 257 sources was conducted to determine what is known. Finally, the information available was compared with the requirements to specify areas of deficit knowledge. Several tentative target driving behaviors were identified and a number of possible counter-measure programs were noted. A number of areas where sufficient information is lacking were noted. These include further development of data which can be used to develop target driving behaviors, further research on the basic attitudes and motivations which underlie driving behavior, development of information about the effect of laws and legal sanctions on driving behavior, identification of techniques to gain and implement support of local groups in countermeasures programs, and specification of appropriate detection levels of unsafe acts. KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Prevention KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Programs KW - Public participation KW - Research KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093010 AU - Worrall, J W AU - Heitt, R L AU - Human Sciences Research Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH ON UNSAFE TARGET DRIVING BEHAVIORS AND SAFE DRIVING CONFORMANCE COUNTERMEASURE APPROACHES PY - 1975/07 SP - 8 p. AB - The report presents the research requirements for the development of a safe driving conformance program. The information needs and current state of knowledge with respect to a safe driving conformance program were presented in an earlier report. The development of such a program requires information in two major areas: target driving behaviors and countermeasures. The research requirements presented are designed to complete the information requirements identified in the previous report for developing, testing, and implementing innovative safe driving conformance initiatives. The research program recommended consists of seven research modules, each dealing with a separate area of inquiry defined by similarity of information content and efficiency of accomplishment within a single research project. Research modules are presented for the areas of: Target Driving Behaviors; Citizen Participation; Detection; Drivers and Risk Taking; Traffic Law System; Social Conformance Countermeasures; and Experimental Studies. KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Drivers KW - Experiments KW - Hazards KW - Law enforcement KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Prevention KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public participation KW - Research KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Social factors KW - Traffic laws KW - Traffic regulations KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092394 AU - Andrews, R B AU - Davis, L E AU - Bettman, J R AU - Granit, R K AU - Silar, K F AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - METHODOLOGIES FOR THE EVALUATION IMPROVEMENT OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEMS PY - 1975/07 SP - 567 p. AB - The project developed and demonstrated methodologies for the evaluation of existing and of proposed systems for the delivery of emergency medical services, which are adaptable to a wide variety of situations. An appreciative overview is presented which examines emergency medical services in terms of a historical perspective; the evolving social, cultural and technical environments in which they are embedded; how they are viewed by the users, health professionals and provider organizations; and the forces that tend to facilitate and to inhibit their change. Three kinds of models are presented: (1) those for the prediction of the demands for emergency medical services, (2) those for the prediction of the operating characteristics of proposed EMS systems, and (3) those for the prediction of medical outcomes. Six modifications of existing emergency medical services were demonstrated and their results examined, including benefits and costs where appropriate. KW - Analysis KW - Consumers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - Medical services KW - Methodology KW - Models KW - Recommendations KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092274 AU - DeReggi, A S AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMER TRANSDUCER FOR IMPACT PRESSURE MEASUREMENT PY - 1975/07 SP - 40 p. AB - Described are development efforts relating to the design, construction, and calibration of a piezoelectric polymer transducer for the recording of pressure transients developed over the interface between two bodies as a result of impact. A bilaminate design was selected which uses electrically poled sheets of 25 micrometer poly(vinylidene fluoride) as the active material. The intended primary response of the transducer is to compression in the thickness direction, which is produced by either hydrostatic or normal pressure; the transducer was also found to respond to extension in the membrane direction. KW - Calibration KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Impacts KW - Instruments for measuring loads or pressure KW - Measurement KW - Piezoelectric transducers KW - Piezoelectricity KW - Polymers KW - Pressure KW - Pressure gages KW - Pressure measurement KW - Pressure sensors KW - Resins KW - Transducers KW - Vinyl resins KW - Vinylidene resins UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29079 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092392 AU - Bryant, P J AU - Valentine, J L AU - Gutshall, P L AU - Gan, OHM AU - DRISCOLL, P AU - University of Missouri, Kansas City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - National Institute on Drug Abuse TI - STUDY OF THE DETECTABILITY OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ON BREATH PY - 1975/07 SP - 48 p. AB - The University of Missouri used high pressure liquid chromatography plus mass spectrometry for a quantitative analysis of marijuana metabolites in blood and breath. A breath collector was developed for road-side sampling of human breath and subsequent laboratory analysis. The group also detected a previously unreported marijuana metabolite which is present in blood and breath for at least five days after smoking. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood tests KW - Chromatography KW - Detectors KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Ethanol KW - Ethylene resins KW - Experimental data KW - Hallucinogenic drugs KW - Human beings KW - Marijuana KW - Mass spectrometers KW - Mass spectroscopes KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Metabolism KW - Polyethylene KW - Samplers KW - Sampling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092432 AU - Forney, R B AU - Richards, A B AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ETHANOL, OTHER CHEMICALS AND THEIR POTENTIAL COMBINATION WHICH MAY INFLUENCE AUTOMOBILE DRIVING PERFORMANCE: ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1975/07 SP - 18 p. AB - The authors have reviewed the July 1973-June 1974 literature dealing with the effects of drugs, ethanol or their combination on ability to drive a motor vehicle. Although more data are now available relative to the impact of chemical ingestion on safe motor vehicle driving, they are not precise regarding effects. Information is more precise on the effects of ethanol than on other drugs or the combination of ethanol and other drugs. Studies continue to verify that alcohol induces impairment of driver abilities and they reaffirm the dominant role of alcohol in crashes. But, no effect has been reported which would separate alcohol from other factors to indicate whether the accident would not have occurred had ethanol not been present. Although extensive studies have been made of the effects of drugs and drug-alcohol combinations, the pharmacology may be better understood than can be practically demonstrated in the driver of a motor vehicle. There is a need to formulate a concensus opinion as to the acceptable amounts of drugs and alcohol, individually and in combination, which can be allowed in the body fluids of drivers. KW - Alcohols KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash investigation KW - Dosage KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Drunk driving KW - Ethanol KW - Exposure KW - Ingestion physiology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Personnel performance KW - Pharmacology KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092437 AU - Bartol, J A AU - Livers, G D AU - Miennert, R AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NEAR-TERM SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS FOR MOTORCYCLES, PHASE II PY - 1975/07 SP - 197 p. AB - Three aspects of motorcycle safety were further investigated, one exploring rider protection in side impacts and the other two relating to accident avoidance. The side impact study contains data and evaluation of eight instrumented crash tests of an automobile into a motorcycle with dummy rider. The other two studies were of tests for service life of control cables and for improving headlamp illumination. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Headlamps KW - Impact tests KW - Lighting KW - Motorcycles KW - Motorcyclists KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural design KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092445 AU - Volkswagenwerk AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE - PHASE I. VOLUME II PY - 1975/07 SP - 803 p. AB - The foundation for a research safety vehicle to the mid-1980's is described in this report. The current U.S. accident situation as well as the automobile usage trends have been carefully investigated and were projected to the mid-1980's. Benefit-cost-techniques and their applicability to automobile safety measures were considered and led to a benefit-cost-evaluation based on given cost consistent conditions. The decision for the optimal engine concept is based on a system-analysis for power plants which is included in this report. KW - Automobile travel KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Compatibility KW - Costs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design standards KW - Quality of work KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092446 AU - Volkswagenwerk AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE - PHASE I. VOLUME III PY - 1975/07 SP - 636 p. AB - The volume includes the Section 4 (Vehicle Characterization) and 5 (Performance Specification) of the Final Report. The Vehicle Characterization is a qualitative overview (of the vehicle dimension which were the basis for the preliminary design), while the Performance Specification includes the requirements. The Performance Specification is subdivided by subjects. The main groups are: Active safety (crash avoidance); passive safety (crash energy management, primary occupant protection, and post-crash safety); functional performance (non-safety features). Some of the requirements are based solely on technical, biomechanical or other considerations that are not quantifiable by monetary terms. Other requirements are arrived at on the basis of benefit/cost analyses. KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Compatibility KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Occupant restraint KW - Performance based specifications KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Quality of work KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092477 AU - McCaslin, N L AU - Orletsky, S R AU - Axelrod, V M AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF CURRICULUM MATERIALS AND CORRELATION WITH HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY MANPOWER JOB FUNCTIONS PY - 1975/07 SP - 92 p. AB - The project was designed to produce a resource guide for the highway safety personnel to use in developing training programs. The purpose of this project was to identify performance functions conducted by highway traffic safety personnel, list student behavioral objectives for each function, and finally, identify available curricula for each behavioral objective. This publication serves as the final technical report. The review of the literature, the methodology employed, the findings, conclusions and recommendations resulting from the project effort are reported. KW - Continuing education KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Highway safety KW - Job analysis KW - On the job training KW - Personnel development KW - Reviews KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29363 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092462 AU - Morton, A S AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ESTIMATES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTING TITLE II OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE INFORMATION AND COST SAVINGS ACT. SUPPLEMENT TO APPENDIX A PY - 1975/07 SP - 57 p. AB - Volume Two of a two-part report on estimating the effects of legislation regarding consumer information on motor vehicles describes Delphi questionnaire booklets sent to dealers and marketers containing changes to a previous booklet sent to them. KW - Automobile industry KW - Automobiles KW - Conditional probability KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Costs KW - Industries KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Injuries KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintenance KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Protection KW - Questionnaires KW - Ratings KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092478 AU - Wagner, M H AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL PUBLIC EDUCATION LITERATURE-ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1975/07 SP - 23 p. AB - The author's review of literature on public information and education in the alcohol and highway safety countermeasures field covers materials furnished or published by these sources: (1) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; (2) the Federal Alcohol Safety Action Projects; (3) the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; (4) private sector organizations; (5) individual contributions. The main area of interest deals with the extensive public information and education which is a vital element in the control of the alcohol problem and the drinking driver. Unfortunately, the messages to be given and the approach to be used remain argumentative and controversial matters. KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Governments KW - Highway safety KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Public KW - Reviews KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092438 AU - RICE, R S AU - Davis, J A AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DURING BRAKING-IN-A-TURN. VOLUME I, SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/07 SP - 31 p. AB - The report describes the development of a test procedure for evaluating the performance characteristics of automobiles in combined cornering-braking operation. The procedure involves a series of brake applications at varying levels of applied pedal force from an initial 40 mph and a lateral acceleration of 0.4g for both directions of turn on a dry road surface. The experimental and analytical studies covered initial speed, initial lateral acceleration, road surface skid number, brake pedal force, wheel lock-up patterns, loading, use of steering control, driver skill, vehicle characteristics, performance measurement parameters, and brake application techniques. Results of the experimental investigations of these factors are described in detail. It is shown that total performance in the maneuver may be determined by measurements of average deceleration and final lateral displacement and heading angle error referenced to the projected initial path. The effectiveness of driver steering control in panic stopping (i.e., high brake pedal forces) is seen to be restricted to a narrow range of deceleration for vehicles which tend to spin out. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Control KW - Corrosion tests KW - Deceleration KW - Evaluation KW - Maneuverability KW - Measurement KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Skid resistance KW - Steering KW - Test procedures KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092439 AU - RICE, R S AU - Davis, J A AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DURING BRAKING-IN-A-TURN. VOLUME II, TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/07 SP - 129 p. AB - The contents of this report include descriptions of the test vehicles, brake application device, instrumentation and equipment, test operations, significant performance measurements, additional testing and a discussion of fixed steering performance. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Control KW - Corrosion tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Skid resistance KW - Steering KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092442 AU - Bartol, J A AU - Livers, G D AU - Miennert, R AU - AMF Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES FOR AN EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY MOTORCYCLE PY - 1975/07 SP - 238 p. AB - A number of motorcycle subsystems and characteristics were investigated to determine their relationship to safety. These included aspects of conspicuity, rear vision, desirable banking angles, and vehicle dynamics. Subsystems investigated were tires, anti-lock brakes, and fuel system. Security against theft was also analyzed. Applicable test results are reported. KW - Brakes KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fuel systems KW - Fueling systems KW - Motorcycles KW - Rear view KW - Rearview mirrors KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Steering KW - Theft KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092444 AU - Volkswagenwerk AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE - PHASE I. VOLUME I PY - 1975/07 SP - 146 p. AB - The program objectives, vehicle characterization, performance specifications, and rationale of Volkswagen's approach to a Research Safety Vehicle are summarized in this report. U.S. accident and traffic patterns are projected to the mid-1980's, and engineering analyses of active and passive vehicle safety problems are combined in a benefit/cost evaluation based on given-cost consistent conditions. The resulting ordinal ranking of safety priorities, verified by sensitivity studies, is used to determine performance requirements and to generally characterize the RSV. Special emphasis is given to intervehicular compatibility. KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Compatibility KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Evaluation KW - Performance based specifications KW - Projection KW - Quality of work KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel patterns KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092326 AU - Little, J W AU - Cooper, M AU - National Safety Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LEGAL ASPECTS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG INVOLVEMENT IN HIGHWAY SAFETY-ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1975/07 SP - 27 p. AB - The authors have included not only legal literature but information published in scientific and other non-legal journals having some relevance to legal issues. The literature has been treated in the following categories: (1) Alcohol ingestion and driver performance: experimental studies; (2) alcohol ingestion and driver performance: field studies; (3) measurement of BAC's and drug concentrations; (4) identification of problem drinking drivers; (5) evaluation of countermeasures; (6) legal and constitutional issues in anti-drinking, driver enforcement, adjudication and sentencing. Although this review includes both alcohol and drug related publications, very few publications concerning legal aspects of drugs were available. In addition to extensive references, the authors have provided a bibliography. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Bibliographies KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drug addiction KW - Drugs KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Law enforcement KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Personnel performance KW - Policy KW - Reviews KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092075 AU - Hendler, E AU - O'ROURKE, J AU - Domzalski, L AU - Katzeff, M AU - Schulman, M AU - Naval Air Development Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AN ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM USING HUMAN SUBJECTS PY - 1975/06/05 SP - 99 p. AB - The Department of Transportation (DOT), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), sponsored a research program at the Naval Air Development Center (NAVAIRDEVCEN), utilizing its Horizontal Accelerator facility to conduct dynamic tests on advanced passive seat belt restraint systems using both anthropometric dummies and human volunteers. During this phase, two subjects succeeded in tolerating exposures to simulated car crashes involving velocity changes of over 30 mph and peak accelerations of over 21 g, when using a conventionally configured restraint system of advanced design, and applying technics of body posturing and muscular tensing. When injuries caused by motions of the head and neck are avoided, a three-point belt restraint system of advanced design is capable of providing considerable protection to the wearer, up to car crash levels of practical significance. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Crash injuries KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Evaluation KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Military personnel KW - Occupant restraint KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance human KW - Personnel performance KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092458 AU - KERANEN, T W AU - Hemak, T J AU - Sisson, A E AU - Bounds, P AU - Bendix Research Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER VEHICLE AND LIGHT-TRUCK BRAKING SYSTEMS INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. PHASE II, VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/06 SP - 21 p. AB - An inspection system was developed that is capable of detecting safety related brake system defects and degradations in passenger vehicles and light trucks. The inspection system consists of a low-speed high retarding chassis brake force dynamometer, a pedal force and displacement transducer, two hand held inspection control consoles, automatic data processing equipment, and inspection procedures. The brake inspection consists of performance tests and non-performance checks. The performance tests consist of static vehicle tests, such as for hydraulic leaks, and dynamic brake tests conducted on the chassis brake dynamometer. The non-performance checks include visual checks under the vehicle and under the hood and a series of checks requiring vehicle wheel removal. KW - Brakes KW - Consoles KW - Control devices KW - Defects KW - Degradation KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamometers KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Safety KW - Static tests KW - Transducers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092503 AU - Boulay, P AU - Davis, S AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SCHOOL BUS SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/06 SP - 34 p. AB - The objective of the program was to develop an improved school bus structure and to evaluate safety, driver field of view, acceleration and passing, braking, and handling characteristics of typical school buses. Structural and accident avoidance tests were performed on two Baseline Buses. An Improved Bus was designed and two Improved Buses were fabricated for evaluation. Identical tests on the Improved Bus showed structural improvements of 33 to 57 percent were achieved with a cost increase of only $500 (4.5 percent) and a weight increase of only 530 pounds (3.9 percent). Acceleration and passing, braking, and handling tests showed that the added weight had not degraded performance in these areas. Based on these results, school bus structural standards and feasible compliance test procedures are recommended. Other recommendations are made for improved emergency egress, driver field of view, and handling test procedures. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic tests KW - Field of view KW - Field of vision KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Improvements KW - Maneuverability KW - Passing KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - School buses KW - Standards KW - Structural design KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197351 AU - Fink, C D AU - Behringer, R D AU - Scott, R L AU - Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BALTIMORE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION I. VOLUME I PY - 1975/06 SP - 92 p. AB - The Baltimore Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational in January 1972 and continued to operate for a three year period. Six countermeasures were established within the ASAP to interdict the drinking/driving relationship and effect traffic accident reduction. The elements were classified as: (1) Enforcement; (2) Judicial Procedures; (3) Licensing and Registration; (4) Rehabilitation; (5) Legislation and Regulation; and (6) Public Information Education. The primary ASAP objective was to reduce alcohol related traffic accidents and fatalities in the Baltimore Area. In terms of ultimate measures of performance it must be concluded that the Baltimore ASAP program was not successful. An analysis of data trends for the years 1969 thru 1974 revealed that: (1) no significant reduction occurred in A/R fatal crashes; (2) no significant change occurred in the Night/Day ratio of A/R fatal crashes; and (3) no significant reduction occurred in the number of injury crashes. On the positive side, all categories of crashes decreased appreciably during 1974. In addition, during the first quarter of CY 1975 A/R fatal crashes dropped in the Baltimore ASAP whereas they rose by approximately 39% for the entire State of Maryland. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Before and after studies KW - Crash rates KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Maryland KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197353 AU - Fink, C D AU - Behringer, R D AU - Scott, R L AU - Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BALTIMORE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION II. VOLUME 6. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 6. ANALYSIS OF ALCOHOL REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES PY - 1975/06 SP - 32 p. AB - Can the drinking/driver really be rehabilitated. Perhaps not but the Motor Vehicle Administration program in Baltimore City seems to be doing something that markedly lowers recidivism. The Baltimore MVA program commenced in March 1974 and during its first twelve months 2.1 percent of its enrollees have become recidivists. This compares with a 5.2 percent and 13.4 percent rate respectively for enrollees of the City Health Department and the County Health Department programs. The MVA program includes two educational components and one treatment component. Level I of the program consists of four weeks of educational activities; Level II consists of ten weeks of small group therapy; the third component consists of a driver rehabilitation clinic. It is too early yet to determine which of these three components separately or in combination are most effective. However, it is possible that the overall effectiveness of the problem is due primarily to its probationer tracking and follow-up procedures. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Maryland KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Recidivism KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Therapy KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197355 AU - Fink, C D AU - Behringer, R D AU - Scott, R L AU - Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BALTIMORE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION II. VOLUME 7A. EVALUATION OF THE ALCOHOL USE AND TRAFFIC SAFETY CURRICULUM (K-12) PY - 1975/06 SP - 167 p. AB - ASAP projects around the country have implemented a variety of countermeasures, each designed to directly or indirectly reduce the number of alcohol related automobile crashes and fatalities resulting therefrom. Most of these countermeasures were designed to have an immediate impact. It was recognized however that a long-range solution to the drinking/driving problem might more effectively be achieved by the development of educational programs which could be incorporated into the public school system. To accomplish this long-range goal, the Department of Transportation, as part of the Baltimore ASAP Project, has supported the development of an Alcohol Use and Traffic Safety Curriculum. This curriculum development effort had three objectives: (1) To develop a curriculum and related resource materials at four levels of instruction, K-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-12. The curriculum was to be designed to increase student's knowledge of, and establish positive modes of behavior and attitudes concerning the use of alcohol, particularly as that use related to traffic safety; (2) To develop a training program for Maryland Alcohol Safety Action teachers so that they could successfully present the curriculum; (3) To implement the Alcohol Highway Safety Curriculum within existing K-12 curricula in the Maryland Alcohol Safety Action Project area. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Curricula KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Maryland KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - School children KW - Schools KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88574 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197352 AU - Fink, C D AU - Behringer, R D AU - Scott, R L AU - Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BALTIMORE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION II. VOLUME 5. ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS REFERRAL ACTIVITY PY - 1975/06 SP - 29 p. AB - The Baltimore Alcohol Safety Project (B/ASAP) has established three countermeasures concerned with the diagnosis and referral to treatment or education of the convicted drinking driver. These countermeasures are operated by the City Health Department, the County Health Department, and the Motor Vehicle Administration. During 1974 in the Baltimore ASAP area, 1,406 persons underwent a pre- or post-sentence investigaton; 1309 or 93.1 percent were referred to rehabilitation. In 1973, 1,305 persons were investigated and classified and 1,280 or 98.1 percent were referred to a rehabilitation program. Within the City during 1974 most drivers (526) were referred to the MVA program, while 449 were referred to the City Health Department. In Baltimore County 334 persons were referred to County operated facilities. Within Baltimore City all drinking/diver diagnostic activities are performed on a post-sentence basis. Within Baltimore County PSIs may be performed in court prior to sentencing or may be performed while a case is held sub-curia. Within the County most PSIs are performed on a post-sentence basis. In all three programs NHTSA-developed criteria are used for classifying persons as to problem or non-problem drinkers. Of the three programs in operaton in the B/ASAP area, the MVA program seems to follow recognized procedures most rigorously. In particular, the MVA program seems to do an adequate job of tracking and/or following up on those probationers referred to it. On the other hand the City Health Department program was and still is very lax with respect to probationer tracking and follow-up. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Follow up investigation KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Maryland KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197354 AU - Fink, C D AU - Behringer, R D AU - Scott, R L AU - Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BALTIMORE ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT. SECTION II. VOLUME 7. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 7. EVALUATION OF PUBLIC INFORMATION COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1975/06 SP - 50 p. AB - The Baltimore Alcohol Safety Action Program established three countermeasures to provide information to the public. These countermeasures employed a broad mix of media with emphasis on Television Spots, Speaker Bureau appearances, newspaper items and films. Radio Spots and special TV and Radio Programs were selectively utilized. In addition, three special campaigns were initiated. One involved the display of posters on MTA buses. A second involved the distribution of fliers containing information on BAC in relation to the number of drinks consumed by body weight. A third involved the printing and distribution of bumper stickers. For the most part the target audience consisted of those persons who might be contacted by mass media. A newsletter was employed to disseminate information about the ASAP program to persons associated with it. Schools, church groups and civic clubs were the target groups for the Speakers Bureau and Consumer Education countermeasure. From time to time judicial seminars were held for district court judges and associated personnel. The overall objectives of the Public Information Countermeasures were to: (1) increase public awareness of B/ASAP goals in all countermeasure areas; (2) to provide the general public with information about the relationship between traffic safety and the use of alcohol; and (3) to form positive opinions and attitudes regarding all countermeasure areas. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Maryland KW - Mass media KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Regulations KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education KW - Yellow interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Yellow signal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093370 AU - Dueker, R L AU - Thackray, RMJ AU - Applied Science Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SAFETY RELATED CONDITIONS IN SCHOOL BUSES PY - 1975/06 SP - 216 p. AB - The objective of this study was to survey a nationwide sample of school bus operators in order to identify and document mechanical conditions which, in the opinion of bus fleet personnel, had an impact on the safe operation of the buses, and which did not appear to be the result of inadequate/inappropriate maintenance procedures, abusive operation, or normal wear. The results of the survey consist of: (1) A list of the 368 conditions documented during the survey. Each condition is identified as a chassis or body condition, and is listed by manufacturer and bus subsystem. (2) A detailed description of 56 safety-related conditions which were judged to be significant in terms of one, or both, of the following criteria: pervasiveness (i.e., a number of operators reported the condition); operator-reported criticality (i.e., fleet personnel indicated that the condition could likely result in serious safety consequences). (3) The following data summaries: Safety-related mechanical conditions as a function of chassis and body manufacturer, safety-related mechanical conditions as a function of operating variables, and data quality as a function of operator characteristics. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Chassis KW - Failure KW - Field tests KW - Industries KW - Interviewing KW - Measuring methods KW - Mechanical measurement KW - Mechanics KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety factors KW - School buses KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092434 AU - Stalnaker, R AU - BENSON, J B AU - Melvin, J W AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FABRICATION OF A STANDARD BENCH VEHICLE SEAT. VOLUME I. BASIC REPORT. APPENDIXES A AND B PY - 1975/06 SP - 74 p. AB - This report discusses the development of a standard bench seat for the testing of child restraint systems based on the configuration and performance parameters of the 1974 Chevrolet Impala production bench seat. Both static and dynamic characteristics of the production seat were modeled into the frame deformation and foam stiffness of the standard seat, and impact sled tests were conducted on each using a representative sample of child restraint systems to provide direct comparison between the two seats. The standard seat was shown to be a durable, repeatable test platform for child restraints that provided reasonable simulation of the production seat. Its economic breakeven point occurs when more than four new production bench seats are required for testing. Child restraint tests on the standard seat tend to give slightly lower head and chest peak resultant acceleration, HIC and Severity Index values and, in some cases larger head excursion values than comparable tests with the production seat. KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Data reliability KW - Dynamic tests KW - Equipment tests KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Manual safety belts KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance evaluations KW - Platforms KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Seats KW - Simulation KW - Static tests KW - Test equipment KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092472 AU - Northrop, G M AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SOCIETAL CONSEQUENCES OF TITLE II OF PUBLIC LAW 92-513: MOTOR VEHICLE INFORMATION AND COST SAVINGS ACT PY - 1975/06 SP - 190 p. AB - Societal consequences of the availability, under Title II, Public Law 92-513, of information on crashworthiness, crash repair cost, routine maintenance and repair cost, and insurance cost are investigated. Surveys of small groups of private passenger car buyers and fleet buyers were conducted, and the results were analyzed. Three simple computer models were prepared: (1) An Accident Model to compare the number of occupants suffering fatal or serious injuries under assumed car-buying behavior with and without the availability of Title II information and changes made by car manufacturers which modify crashworthiness and car weight; (2) a New Car Sales Model to determine the impact of car-buying behavior on 22 societal elements involving consumer expenditures and employment, sales margin, and value added for dealers, car manufacturers, and industrial suppliers; and (3) a Car Operations Model to determine the impact of car-buying behavior on the total gasoline consumption cost, crash repair cost, routine maintenance, repair cost, and insurance cost. Projections of car-buying behavior over a 10-year period (1976-1985) were made and results presented in the form of 10-year average values of the percent difference between results under 'With Title II' and 'Without Title II' information. KW - Automobile insurance KW - Automobiles KW - Casualties KW - Consumer behavior KW - Costs KW - Crash severity KW - Crashworthiness KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Injuries KW - Insurance KW - Laws KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Purchasing KW - Reliability KW - Sales KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092339 AU - Shearer, J AU - Compliance Testing Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING-TREADWEAR PY - 1975/06 SP - 82 p. AB - The purpose of the treadware testing to determine vehicle reaction on the 8.55-15 SAE bias constructed standard traction tire. Two types of vehicles were used with different forms of suspensions as well as cross reference bias-belted set of tires to act as an index. All but one tire in one of the comparison groups failed and it would not seem that it would be possible to draw any valid conclusions as to the effect of vehicle reaction on wear rates on the SEA tire. Also route changes were made in an attempt to obtain a required wear percentage. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Quality KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Road tests KW - Service life KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092436 AU - STALNAKER, R L AU - BENSON, J B AU - Melvin, J W AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FABRICATION OF A STANDARD BENCH VEHICLE SEAT. VOLUME III. APPENDIX D PY - 1975/06 SP - 209 p. AB - This report discusses a series of tests conducted on the DOT Standard Seat. These tests were conducted using several child restraint systems restrained to the bench seat by various 3-point automobile harness systems. Two different acceleration sled pulses were used in this study. The performance of the restraint systems under the different test conditions is given in tabular form. KW - Automobiles KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Equipment tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Seats KW - Sleds KW - Test equipment KW - Tests KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092461 AU - Morton, A S AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ESTIMATES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTATION TITLE II OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE INFORMATION AND COST SAVINGS ACT PY - 1975/06 SP - 266 p. AB - Estimates are made of the first year effects of legislation regarding the gathering, analyzing, and disseminating to the public of information on the crashworthiness, damage susceptibility, ease of maintenance, and repair, and insurance costs of given makes and models of passenger cars. Volume one contains major findings. Two panels of experts, marketers and dealers estimated the effects on market shares of given make/models. Successive interrogations were made of each expert panel in an effort to obtain consensus estimates of the effects on gasoline and raw materials usage, dealer profit margins, costs of repair, and serious injuries and fatalities. Insurance effects and sociopolitical effect estimates were obtained. KW - Automobile insurance KW - Classification KW - Consumer protection KW - Consumers KW - Costs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Economic impacts KW - Estimates KW - Fatalities KW - Fuel consumption KW - Impacts KW - Industries KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information systems KW - Injuries KW - Insurance KW - Interviewing KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Public opinion KW - Ratings KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092404 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIAT 2500B/AMF ESVS - FRONT-TO-FRONT IMPACT TEST AT 50 MPH PY - 1975/06 SP - 148 p. AB - The report presents the test results of a 50 mph front-to-front crash between a 5200 pound AMF Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV), and a Fiat 2500 pound ESV, equipped with two anthropomorphic dummies and an experimental energy-absorbing seat. The crash test furnished data on the structural integrity of the Fiat ESV and the dynamic response of its two occupants when involved in a collision with a larger ESV. The test also investigated the potential benefits of velocity-sensitive front-end structures to accommodate lighter weight vehicles such as the Fiat ESV. The effectiveness of the energy-absorbing seat indicates that human survival would be assured in considerably more severe crashes than those experienced in the test. The test was successful in that the Fiat compartment integrity was adequately maintained, and the severity index (SI) for the dummies was below the maximum given in FMVSS 208 and ESV specifications. KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Energy absorption KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Seats KW - Shock absorbers KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092325 AU - DIMASI, F P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOBILE CRASH TEST DATA AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACQUIRING AND FILTERING ACCELEROMETER DATA PY - 1975/06 SP - 94 p. AB - An attempt is made to define the meaningful frequency content of occupant compartment deceleration data in order to establish effective filtering guidelines which will enhance the important features of the deceleration pulse. Acceleration and displacement spectral distributions of crash test and structural resonance data are compared to assess the presence and effects of resonances in the deceleration time history. A typical accelerometer package-floor pan configuration is modeled to characterize resonant modes associated with current accelerometer package size and mounting. Guidelines are suggested for partitioning data frequency content based on these analyses and also on the comparative effects of high and low frequency decelerations on occupant loading. An alternative method to analog filtering of crash data, which employs a least squared error polynomial curve fitting routing, has been developed and is described. KW - Accelerometers KW - Automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Curve fitting KW - Data KW - Data analysis KW - Deceleration KW - Dynamic loads KW - Guidelines KW - Impact tests KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Safety engineering KW - Seat belts KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092433 AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FABRICATION OF A STANDARD BENCH VEHICLE SEAT PY - 1975/06 SP - 435p-in 3v AB - No Abstract. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092448 AU - Ford Motor Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE (RSV) PY - 1975/06 SP - 503p-in 3v AB - No Abstract. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092459 AU - KERANEN, T W AU - Hemak, T J AU - Sisson, A E AU - Bounds, P AU - Bendix Research Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER VEHICLE AND LIGHT-TRUCK BRAKING SYSTEMS INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. PHASE II, VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/06 SP - 118 p. AB - Contents: Inspection system description; Brake dynamometer; Brake pedal transducers; Data processing equipment; Brake inspection system software; Inspection procedures and standards; Equipment performance tests; Inspection system evaluation with known brake system defects; System evaluation with in-use vehicles. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Consoles KW - Control devices KW - Defects KW - Degradation KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamometers KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Static tests KW - Transducers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092435 AU - STALNAKER, R L AU - BENSON, J B AU - Melvin, J W AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FABRICATION OF A STANDARD BENCH VEHICLE SEAT. VOLUME II. APPENDIX C PY - 1975/06 SP - 152 p. AB - This report contains the data used in the design of the DOT Standard Seat. Full details of the test conditions and the use of these data are given in 'Fabrication of a Standard Bench Vehicle Seat,' a separate volume. KW - Acceleration stresses KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Breast anatomy KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Energy absorption KW - Equipment tests KW - Head KW - Manual safety belts KW - Photography KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Seats KW - Test equipment KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092453 AU - Hochberg, Y AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE JOINT INJURY DISTRIBUTION OF BELT AND UNBELTED DRIVERS IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS PY - 1975/06 SP - 14 p. AB - Using 1973 and 1974 accidents in North Carolina, a theoretical joint injury distribution of belted and unbelted occupants is constructed and analyzed. This bivariate distribution corresponds to a theoretical setup where each real accident has its imaginary twin 'occurring' independently under the 'same' conditions. In one of the cases, the occupant is belted while in the other case he is not. To form such 'twins,' all matches are created between belted and unbelted drivers within similar crashes (i.e. within a given cell out of 396) as determined by car size and model year, TAD area and severity and by occupant's age. The obtained bivariate injury distribution was then weighted to correspond to the distribution of the reference population over the 396 strata. The corresponding shift in the injury distribution is then examined. KW - Crash investigation KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Effectiveness KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Safety engineering KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093602 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: INTERIM REPORT II. VOLUME II: RADAR AND ANTI-LOCK BRAKING PAYOFF ASSESSMENT PY - 1975/06 SP - 108 p. AB - A set of accidents investigated in-depth by a multidisciplinary team has been examined to assess the benefit derived from the hypothetical application of various combinations of radar and anti-lock braking systems. A total of 215 accidents, which are generally representative of all police-reported accidents in terms of such variables as severity and road surface condition, have been considered. The approach has been to have an accident analyst evaluate on a case-by-case basis the benefit which would have been derived if one or more of the vehicles involved in each accident had been equipped with various types and combinations of these hypothetical systems. A total of ten system types or combinations were defined. On one extreme, it was found that two-wheel anti-lock systems, by themselves, have relatively little accident prevention potential; only one of the 215 accidents (.5%) would definitely have been prevented by such a system, although with less assurance there was some possibility of prevention of up to eight accidents (3.7%) by such a system. On the other extreme, the most complex of the systems defined, comprised of a non-cooperative radar system with both activation and warning potential, coupled with a four-wheel anti-lock system, would definitely have prevented 39 of the accidents (18.0% of total), with some possibility of prevention of up to 90 of the accidents (41.9% of total). KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Assessments KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Control devices KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098913 AU - South Texas Tire Test Fleet, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING - TREADWEAR PY - 1975/06 SP - 10 p. AB - The treadwear testing in the main followed the UTOG-treadwear procedure as published in the Federal Register on Jan. 4, 1974 (Docket #25-notic #7). In this test procedure the route is selected such that the NHTSA Control Tire is worn to a specified level in 16000 miles. In this contract a 65+5% Control Tire treadwear goal was selected after preliminary trails indicated that a higher wear level could only be obtained by using excessive speed on the curves. Using this common treadwear goal for all the test routes, the various single car, single 4-car convoy and dual 4-car convoy tests required significant, but practical, "in the field" route adjustments. The data show the amount of treadwear decreases as the number of vehicles in convoy increases. The contract compared the treadwear obtained from similar vehicle models of two different car manufacturers. Using the 7.75-14NHTSA Control Tires as the measuring device the 1974 Ford Torino was 5% better for treadwear than the 1974 Plymouth Satellite. In Phase #1, the 7.75-14 NHTSA Control Tires (Armstrong Tire-Sept. 1974) were used to rate six (6) groups of special and commercial tires. In Phase #2, the 8.55-15 NHTSA Control Tires (Armstrong Tire-Aug. 1974) were used to rate three (3) groups of San Angelo Course Monitoring Tires. KW - Durability tests KW - Standardization KW - Testing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098890 AU - Struble, D AU - Bradley, G AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE (RSV): PHASE I. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/06 SP - 20 p. AB - Volume I summarizes the results of the Minicars Research Safety Vehicle Phase I program, as detailed in Volumes II and III. Accident analysis shows that small cars are producing a large and growing part of the accident costs, toward 60+ percent in 1985. The Minicars RSV characterization provides occupant protection in frontal modes to 50 mph and side modes to 30 mph, at low weight. The analysis identifies accident costs by increments of velocity in each of 13 crash modes. It also shows aggregate benefit for safety systems by requiring subsystems to compete with each other for shares of the available benefit. /Author/ KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash exposure KW - Forecasting KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Small car KW - Traffic crashes KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197533 AU - Gahan, J F AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRINKER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL COUNTERMEASURES PERFORMANCE REPORT FOR 1975 PY - 1975/05 SP - 114 p. AB - The study examined the progress, procedures and effectiveness of the drinker diagnosis and referral process (pre and post sentence investigations) in five Los Angeles County Municipal Courts and in one Alcohol Rehabilitation Clinic. The investigations were conducted on persons arrested for drinking and driving. The purpose of the investigations was to determine the severity of the drinking-driving problem and to recommend a treatment referral as part of the sentencing procedure. The effectiveness of the investigation procedures was defined by the following criteria: (1) whether the judges made increasing use of the investigators' services over time; (2) whether the investigators made accurate classifications of clients as to their drinking problems; (3) whether the court accepted recommendations for treatment referrals; (4) whether the diagnosis programs were funded after ASAP funding ceased. KW - California KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Law enforcement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197532 AU - Mayberry, M I AU - Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TELEPHONE SURVEY: A STUDY IN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PUBLIC INFORMATION LIQUOR CAMPAIGN ON ALCOHOL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY PY - 1975/05 SP - 43 p. AB - The study analyzes the impact of the joint LASAP PI&E/Lancaster County Beverage Association's "KNOW YOUR LIMIT" campaign in on-and off-sale establishments -- conducted during the summer of 1974. The data analyzed specifically focuses on the general exposure of the campaign and what proportion of those exposed to the campaign can remember regarding the contents of the campaign. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Highway safety KW - Information dissemination KW - Nebraska KW - Prevention KW - Publicity KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132161 AU - Smith, T J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRENDS IN PUBLIC INFORMATION AND AWARENESS OF ASAP AND THE DRINKING DRIVING PROBLEM PY - 1975/05 SP - 13 p. AB - The objective of the Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) is to get the drunken driver off the roads and thereby reduce alcohol-related accidents. One of the countermeasures of the Fairfax ASAP is the Public Information and Education countermeasure. It is the goal of this countermeasure to inform the public of the severity of the problems caused by drunken drivers and to create favorable public opinion and support for the Fairfax ASAP precedures of arresting, educating, and rehabilitating drunken drivers. In 1971 a baseline Household Survey was conducted among 500 households in the ASAP area to determine public knowledge and attitudes regarding drunken driving prior to the implementation of the ASAP operations. Annual household surveys were similarly conducted in 1972, 1973, and 1974. It is the objective of this interim report to highlight the trends in public information observed in the household surveys. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Public opinion KW - Publicity KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092492 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 10 PY - 1975/05 SP - 361 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are involving vehilces of the last three model years of fatal injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collison, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091573 AU - Peterson, D D AU - Boyer, D S AU - Tracor Jitco, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF IN-VEHICLE WARNING SYSTEMS PY - 1975/05 SP - 148 p. AB - The study examined the feasibility of various in-vehicle warning systems. The methods used to conduct the study include literature searches, surveys, interviews, and observations. Results of the study indicate that a major cause of accidents between motor vehicles and trains or emergency vehicles is nonreception of a warning by the driver. Nonreception is caused by factors such as acoustically isolated vehicle interiors, lack of driver concentration resulting from stress or fatigue, poor visual scanning patterns, geographical and climatic conditions, and distraction. In-vehicle warning systems (IVWS) have a potential for being an effective countermeasure in over half of the present accidents if system design could provide adequate range, signal clarity, and user confidence. Such characteristics require a technological level beyond a simple transmitter and receiver system. KW - Attitudes KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash causes KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Intersections KW - Interviewing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prevention KW - Railroads KW - Safety KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation problems KW - Utilization KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091589 AU - Ross, H E AU - White, M C AU - Young, R D AU - Lammert, W F AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation TI - VEHICLE EXTERIORS AND PEDESTRIAN INJURY PREVENTION, VOLUME IV. DROP TEST OF DUMMIES ON A MOCK VEHICLE EXTERIOR PY - 1975/05 SP - 106 p. AB - A series of drop tests were conducted with instrumented anthropometric dummies for data to validate a numerical simulator of the pedestrian accident victim. High-speed cameras recorded dummy kinematics and accelerations were recorded on magnetic tape. KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobile bodies KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - High speed photography KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091574 AU - PATRICK, L M AU - LEVINE, R S AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INJURY ASSESSMENT OF BELTED CADAVERS PY - 1975/05 SP - 137 p. AB - Nine cadavers were subjected to collision simulations in a modified full size automobile with a modified three point harness such as is used in the 1974 automobile. Two cadavers were subjected to a 20 mph barrier equivalent velocity collision; three at 30 mph BEV; and 4 at 40 mph BEV. The injury levels were: AIS-1 at 20 mph; two AIS-3 at 30 mph; and one AIS-3, two AIS-7 and one AIS-8 at 40 mph. The best fit curve through the AIS vs Velocity data indicate that the AIS-3 level is reached at about 34.5 mph. Fatal injuries (AIS-6) are reached at 40 mph. The injuries observed in the unembalmed cadavers are very similar to injuries reported in the literature in accident cases. However, the injuries appear to be more severe and occur with greater frequency at a given collision severity in the cadavers than in the living humans. KW - Automobiles KW - Bone fractures KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fractures (Anatomy) KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pathology KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091577 AU - Fitzpatrick, M AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM FOR SUBCOMPACT CAR DRIVERS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/05 SP - 28 p. AB - The report summarizes the analyses, design, and testing that were conducted to develop an air bag restraint system for the subcompact car capable of protecting the driver in frontal and frontal oblique crashes up to 50 mph. The result of this work has been the development of a small, rapidly inflating dual air bag (inner and outer bags) mounted to a stroke efficient energy absorbing steering column. The lower body energy is absorbed by a crushable knee restraint fabricated of styrofoam. The system ultimately proved capable of protecting subcompact car drivers throughout the adult anthropometric size range at velocities exceeding 50 mph. In addition, the finalized restraint system is constructed of components that are oriented toward eventual mass production. KW - Air bags KW - Analysis KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Passive protection devices KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Performance KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Structural design KW - Testing KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091498 AU - Krouskop, T A AU - Newell, PHJ AU - Swarts, A E AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation TI - VEHICLE EXTERIORS AND PEDESTRIAN INJURY PREVENTION. VOLUME III. THE TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY INJURY SEVERITY INDEX PY - 1975/05 SP - 37 p. AB - A method was developed to quantify the severity of injuries of pedestrian accidents as reported by medical practitioners. Also developed was a method to quantify the severity of pedestrian accidents, given the pedestrian's kinematics, as determined by numerical or physical simulation. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Exteriors KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091496 AU - Ross, H E AU - Young, R D AU - Mayyasi, A M AU - Krouskop, T A AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation TI - VEHICLE EXTERIORS AND PEDESTRIAN INJURY PREVENTION. VOLUME 1. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/05 SP - 23 p. AB - The objectives of the research were basically threefold: (1) To statistically analyze 263 pedestrian accident cases to search for injury causation factors; (2) To develop a method for quantifying the level of injury or severity a pedestrian accident victim sustains; and (3) To develop a mathematical model of the pedestrian accident victim, to validate the model through the use of a limited number of experimental tests, and to exercise the model to study the sensitivity of pedestrian accident severity to vehicle exterior design parameters. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Design standards KW - Exteriors KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24249 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00091500 JO - Publication of: Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated PB - Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated AU - Burgener, V E AU - Reese, D AU - Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INSTRUCTOR TRAINING INSTITUTES FOR NHTSA CURRICULUM PACKAGE: TRAFFIC COURT JUDGES PY - 1975/05 SP - 78 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to orient a core of key adjudicative personnel to knowledge of the design and development of a training course and course curriculum and to illustrate ways in which specific measures of driver control by adjudication could be implemented. KW - Adjudication KW - Conferences KW - Courts KW - Curricula KW - Instructors KW - Judges KW - Personnel development KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091499 AU - Young, R D AU - Lammert, W F AU - Ross, HEJ AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Texas A&M Research Foundation TI - VEHICLE EXTERIORS AND PEDESTRIAN INJURY PREVENTION. VOLUME V-A 3-D. MATH SIMULATION OF A CRASH VICTIM EXTENSION AND VALIDATION STUDY PY - 1975/05 SP - 342 p. AB - The volume describes various additions and extensions of an occupant model needed to simulate the pedestrian accident victim and the model's performance in simulating the drop tests of Volume IV. The modifications included changes to the victim-vehicle interaction subroutines, victim geometry, and vehicle geometry. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Anthropometry KW - Computer programs KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Exteriors KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Kinematics KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091510 AU - Melvin, J W AU - Wineman, A S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THORACIC MODEL IMPROVEMENTS (EXPERIMENTAL TISSUE PROPERTIES). VOLUME III. LITERATURE SURVEY PY - 1975/05 SP - 284 p. AB - This volume contains the results of an extensive literature survey carried out as part of a research project. The survey concentrated on the areas of soft tissue testing and analytical representation of soft tissue mechanical behavior. It was implemented early in the program as an aid in guiding the experimental design and data analysis techniques. In addition, the literature survey was used to study mechanical properties data on thoracic tissues of primary interest to the project. KW - Anatomy KW - Cells (Biology) KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fatalities KW - Finite element method KW - Human beings KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical properties KW - Models KW - Monkeys KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stresses KW - Thorax KW - Tissues KW - Tissues biology KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/1406 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091508 AU - Melvin, J W AU - Wineman, A S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THORACIC MODEL IMPROVEMENTS (EXPERIMENTAL TISSUE PROPERTIES). VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/05 SP - 37 p. AB - The general objective of this research program was to obtain mechanical properties, both stress, strain, and rupture strength, for various human tissues that are directly applicable to the thoracic injury problem as defined in the finite element model of the human thorax that is being developed. The properties were determined at strain rates that can occur during fatal automobile accidents. The properties of Rhesus monkey tissues are also of interest in the modelling effort, and consideration was given to providing experimental data on selected Rhesus tissues as well as human tissues. KW - Anatomy KW - Cells (Biology) KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fatalities KW - Finite element method KW - Human beings KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical properties KW - Models KW - Monkeys KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stresses KW - Thorax KW - Tissues KW - Tissues biology KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/1456 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091509 AU - Melvin, J W AU - Wineman, A S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THORACIC MODEL IMPROVEMENTS (EXPERIMENTAL TISSUE PROPERTIES). VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/05 SP - 174 p. AB - Much of the experimental work on determining the mechanical behavior of soft tissues has not been cast in the framework of a complete solid mechanics tissue behavior from the existing literature. The basic tests reported include uniaxial tension, biaxial membrane inflation and burst, tubular inflation, torsion and direct compression on a very wide range of human and animal tissues. The data provides no information of real use to a continuum mechanics characterization of the tissue behaviors. The main emphasis is upon impact type high strain rate behavior of biological tissues and as such the main form of data acquisition was in terms of high strain rate stress-strain curves to failure. KW - Anatomy KW - Cells (Biology) KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fatalities KW - Finite element method KW - Human beings KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical properties KW - Models KW - Monkeys KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Stresses KW - Thorax KW - Tissues KW - Tissues biology KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/1431 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093001 AU - Young, J W AU - McConville, J T AU - Reynolds, H M AU - Snyder, R G AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Webb Associates, Incorporated TI - ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS REPRESENTATIVE OF AVERAGE THREE AND SIX YEAR OLD CHILDREN SIZES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASTERMODEL BODY FORMS PY - 1975/04/10 SP - 35 p. AB - Master model Body Forms were created to reflect the size and shape of the average three and six year old children. The mastermodels were erected on the basis of available U.S. population data and/or estimates interpolated from such data and on the basis of the collective judgment of a panel of experts in anthropometry. Ninety-eight dimensions were generated to describe the external morphology of the children. The description icludes dimensions and definitions for each of the measurements as well as the associated landmark definitions. A bibliographical reference used for collation of child anthropometry and a list of other selected references are included. KW - Adolescents KW - Anatomical models KW - Anthropometry KW - Children KW - Dimensional analysis KW - Dimensional measurement KW - Dummies KW - Highway transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Minors KW - Models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197725 AU - Perrins, M AU - Ries, J K AU - Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - LINCOLN ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS 1971-1974 PY - 1975/04 SP - 91 p. AB - The Household Surveys, conducted in October 1971-1974, were designed to measure the public's self-reported knowledge and attitudes about alcohol and the drinking driver. Section I presents the research design and analysis of the surveys. Sections II and III discuss drinking behavior and driving behavior respectively. Self-reported drinking and driving behavior and perceptions of accident risk are reported in Section IV. The respondents' knowledge about alcohol-related subjects and the effectiveness of the Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project are the subject of the last two sections. KW - Alcoholism KW - Attitudes KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Households KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Nebraska KW - Public opinion KW - Questionnaires KW - Sociometries KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197673 AU - Beshai, N N AU - Los Angeles County, California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF COURT SCHOOL PROGRAMS LOCATED IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY: 1975 PY - 1975/04 SP - 81 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to review the effectiveness of eight Court Schools located in Los Angeles County, California. The statistical effectiveness of the schools was inferred from two measurements. First, the students recidivism was investigated, i.e., their rearrest for alcohol-related driving offenses after their entry into Court School programs. Second, the students' knowledge about drinking and driving was examined to see if attendance at the Court School programs significantly increased it. Changes in attitudes and lifestyle resulting from Court School attendance were also examined. Beside the 662 Court School students, the study used a comparison group of 536 subjects. This group included individuals who were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol, but not referred to treatment. Driving records of the comparison group were studied for the same dates as the Court School group. Statistically significant results were obtained. KW - Attitudes KW - California KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Prevention KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197579 AU - Mayberry, M I AU - Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ASAP ON THE TRAFFIC SAFETY SYSTEM PY - 1975/04 SP - 240 p. AB - The analytic study presents information regarding the courts and judicial countermeasure activities of the Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project. Also included in this report is the analysis of data collected on a sample of 400 arrestees (100 arrests drawn for each of the years, 1971, 1972, 1973 and 1974) who were tracked through the law enforcement area, the courts and judicial area, and the rehabilitation area for a period of twelve months. Special emphasis was given to the adjudication and sanctioning outcomes of these individuals in an effort to determine the effectiveness of the courts and judicial countermeasure activities. This was done by focusing attention on the conviction rates, the referral rates, and the distribution of case dispositions over the four years in an attempt to indicate any significant changes in these referral rates and any shifts in the distribution of case dispositions over the operational years. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Law enforcement KW - Nebraska KW - Prevention KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091382 AU - Wooten, R D AU - Tracor Jitco, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK SHOCK ABSORBER INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/04 SP - 29 p. AB - Four commercial on-the-vehicle shock absorber testers were evaluated for suitability with periodic motor vehicle inspection programs. Tests were conducted on these four testers with five vehicles using shock absorbers of known quality. A study was also conducted to determine the effects and modes of shock absorber degradation, and the range of shock absorber damping in the prevailing vehicle population. KW - Automobiles KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Degradation KW - Equipment tests KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicle inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Reliability KW - Shock absorbers KW - Test equipment KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Trucks KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091383 AU - Wooten, R D AU - Tracor Jitco, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT TRUCK SHOCK ABSORBER INSPECTION EQUIPMENT. VOLUME 2. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/04 SP - 165 p. AB - Four commercial on-the-vehicle shock absock absorber testers were evaluated for suitability with periodic motor vehicle inspection programs. Tests were conducted on these four testers with five vehicles using shock absorbers of known quality. A study was also conducted to determine the effects and modes of shock absorber degradation, and the range of shock absorber damping in the prevailing vehicle population. It was concluded that, of the testers evaluated, a wheel vibration tester was the only type suitable for PMVI purposes. The use of this type tester as an inspection tool is discussed. It was also concluded that shock absorber inspection using any technique is only marginally attractive economically. /NHTSA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Degradation KW - Equipment tests KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicle inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Reliability KW - Shock absorbers KW - Test equipment KW - Testing KW - Testing equipment KW - Tests KW - Trucks KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320188 AU - University of Kentucky, Lexington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RECREATIONAL VEHICLE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION STUDY, JULY 1, 1973-JUNE 30, 1974 PY - 1975/04 SP - n.p. AB - The scope of the study includes three primary levels of effort: Level I covers baseline data on drivers, vehicles and highways in the study area, the motor vehicle accident experience and recreational facilities in the study area, and the exposure and accident rates of recreational vehicles in the study area as compared to national baseline data. Level II consists of bi-level investigations by police/engineering personnel on a large sample of recreational vehicle accidents and Level III, in-depth investigation of 50 recreational vehicle accidents by a multi-disciplinary team. (TSC) KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Drivers KW - Highways KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197542 AU - Ries, J K AU - Lincoln Alcohol Safety Action Project AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF DRINKER DIAGNOSIS AND REFERRAL ACTIVITY. ANALYTIC STUDY NUMBER 5 PY - 1975/04 SP - 57 p. AB - The report provides a description of diagnosis and referral procedures used within LASAP's rehabilitation countermeasure during the Project's operational period from 1972 through 1974. The description of the courts and judicial countermeasure area includes the presentence investigation process and the probation countermeasure. The description of the rehabilitation countermeasure includes discussion of the formal and informal working arrangements between the court (pre-sentence investigators/probation officers) and the rehabilitation countermeasure (Intake and Referral Center Counselors). KW - Adjudication KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Nebraska KW - Project management KW - Rehabilitation KW - Studies KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092331 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS - DETAILED REPORTS FROM JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1975 PY - 1975/04 SP - 592 p. AB - The report contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the first quarter of 1975. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicle defects KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Recall campaigns KW - Safety KW - Trailers KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091399 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TOYOTA/AMF ESVS-FRONT-TO-FRONT IMPACT TEST AT 60 MPH PY - 1975/04 SP - 133 p. AB - The report presents the results of an aligned front-to-front collision between a Toyota Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) and a 4000 pound AMF ESV at a closing speed of 60 miles per hour. The objective was to assist in the understanding of problems associated with crashworthiness in the traffic mix, i.e., car-to-car compatibility and aggressiveness. The crash test evaluated the structural integrity and dynamic response of the Toyota ESV and the dynamic response of its two occupants, when involved in a collision with a larger ESV. The test also investigated the potential benefits of velocity-sensitive front-end structures to accommodate intermediate weight vehicles such as the Toyota ESV. The test was successful in that Toyota compartment integrity was adequately maintained and all occupant responses met established specifications. KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural design KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle front end KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091467 AU - Morrow, G W AU - Johnson, N B AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A SCHOOL BUS FUEL SYSTEM INTEGRITY COMPLIANCE PROCEDURE PY - 1975/04 SP - 59 p. AB - This report presents a program that derived a compliance test procedure for school buses with a gross vehicle weight of 10,000 pounds or greater. The objective of this program was to evaluate RMVSS 301 in relation to school buses, conduct a limited state-of-the-art survey and run full-scale dynamic tests to produce an effective procedure that will improve the crashworthiness of school bus fuel systems. KW - Buses KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Fuel tanks KW - Impact tests KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Safety engineering KW - School buses KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091476 AU - O'Day, J AU - Minahan, D J AU - Golomb, D AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF THE ENERGY CRISIS AND 55 MPH SPEED LIMIT IN MICHIGAN PY - 1975/04 SP - 61 p. AB - The report is a presentation of the findings and conclusions derived from an analysis of Michigan traffic accident data and related data for the periods before, during, and after the peak energy crisis months of 1974. A major objective of this study was to identify the effect of the speed limits imposed as a result of the energy shortage. Some other causative factors relating to traffic crashes also were investigated. The report differs from others in that it seeks to define the cause-effect relationships specifically within Michigan, rather than nationally. Also by concentrating the study to a single state, it has been possible to get more consistent data across several measures--exposure, accident data, speed data--resulting in a more detailed analysis. KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Highway traffic control KW - Michigan KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Speed limits KW - Statistics KW - Supply KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091487 AU - MARSH, J C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT AUTOMATION AND UTILIZATION, 1973 PY - 1975/04 SP - 238 p. AB - The report contains a summary of contract accomplishments and a discussion of data preparation, data system and utilization of the data. Appendices include a list of all contract documentation, accident and injury causation coding systems and an index of all automated case reports. Over 6,000 clinical accident investigations have been conducted to-date (December 1973). These reports are being edited and processed into a common data base. All sponsors are also being provided direct access to the data base through the University of Michigan's time-shared computer system via remote batch and interactive terminals. KW - Automation KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems programs KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Data collection KW - Data systems KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Injuries KW - Machine coding KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Time sharing KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091391 AU - Shearer, J E AU - Compliance Testing Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING TREADWEAR PY - 1975/04 SP - 65 p. AB - The purpose of this wear testing was to determine the suitability of the ASTM-G78-15 standard traction tire as a control for treadwear test as specified in Federal Register March 7, 1973. It was evident that after 4,000 miles of testing that the ASTM tire used as a control was an extremely long wearing tire. The tire is relatively insensitive to minor route changes. An attempt to introduce major route changes resulted in shoulder separations and groove cracking. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Population forecasting KW - Quality assurance KW - Road tests KW - Service life KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091393 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 3 PY - 1975/04 SP - 323 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Collison research KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091395 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 5 PY - 1975/04 SP - 343 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091397 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 7 PY - 1975/04 SP - 293 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehciles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091415 AU - Wagner, F R AU - Austin, J A AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PROGRAM PY - 1975/04 SP - 317 p. AB - This is the final report of a three phase project in traffic safety. The phases included (1) In-depth investigation of 55 selected, severe motor vehicle accidents; (2) a one year study of post-crash factors in automobile collisions; and (3) supplementary studies. A summary of the 55 multidisciplinary accident investigations is presented as well as a compilation of the findings of each investigation, and an investigation of the effectiveness of occupant restrants. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091435 AU - Blomberg, R D AU - Preusser, D F AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND TEST OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY MESSAGES FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS PY - 1975/04 SP - 167 p. AB - A review of the literature and data from pedestrian accident research was used as input to an analysis which developed 14 message contents. Each of these is directed at a specific aspect of the identified pedestrian accident problem. Seven of the messages were pretested to measure behavioral change. Of these, five produced significant positive shifts in behavior. It is concluded that public education can influence pedestrian behavior and is therefore a viable countermeasure to pedestrian accidents. Six of the message contents are recommended as ready for immediate field testing. Finally, recommendations for media campaigns for each of the developed message contents are provided. KW - Appeals KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Education KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Public relations KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25367/DOT-HS-801-457.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24214 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00096009 AU - Appleby, M R AU - Bintz, L J AU - Automobile Club of Southern California AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SEAT BELT USE-INDUCING SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1975/04 SP - 45 p. AB - Seat belt use inducing system effectiveness was measured in fleet automobiles of a private business and in rental automobiles at a large airport. There were three parts to the activity: 1. Seat belt use inducing systems and seat belt use counting systems were installed in 30 fleet vehicles of the Automoible Club of Southern California (ACSC). The vehicles were driven on work related and personal business by ACSC employees whose seat belt use habits were known. Hardware was retrofitted to the vehilces and consisted of a 1974 seat belt system, a seat belt use counting system and electronic vehicle modifications which provided the following use inducement methods: a. Ignition interlock system; b. Sequencing system; c. Speed limiting system. The test subjects were subjected to the use inducing systems in various sequences and for varying periods of time, during which bi-weekly counts of seat belt use were recorded. The seat belt count data was compiled are analyzed for significance using "t" tests: There was a significant increase in seat belt use for all three (3) methods of use inducement. There was no significant difference in seat belt use between the three methods of use inducement. There was no significant change of seat belt use for any of the three (3) inducement systems according to time of exposure. There was a significant difference between previous no system seat belt use and no system seat belt use, the latter being higher, after exposure to the use inducing system. The test subjects were periodically administered a questionnaire, the results of which indicated higher self reported than actual seat belt use and specific confusion, inconvenience discomfort factors. 2. An observation study was performed to determine the shoulder belt usage of ACSC employees as they drove their assigned 1974 fleet vehciles into an ACSC parking lot equipped with interlock systems 540 of 750 (72%) observations showed correct shoulder belt use. One non seat belt user was induced to wear seat belts by modifying the seat belt system. Additional data on make of vehicle and sex of drivers was obtained. 3. An observation study was performed to determine the shoulder belt usage of occupants of 1974 rental automobiles at Los Angeles International Airport equipped with interlock system. 1,823 drivers were observed of which 1,281 (70.3%) were wearing shoulder belts. 472 front passengers were observed of which 287 (60.8%) were wearing shoulder belts. Additional data on make of vehicle and sex of occupant was obtained. /HSRI/ KW - Attitudes KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Harness KW - Ignition KW - Ignition seat belt interlocks KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measurement KW - Sampling KW - Sequencing KW - Speed control KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091375 AU - Malany, L L AU - Pendleton, J T AU - Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BASIC TRAINING PROGRAM FOR DRIVER LICENSE EXAMINERS. CONCEPTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1975/04 SP - 45 p. AB - This report presents the results and developmental methodology behind the construction of a basic training program for training driver license examines. The developed training program presents the minimum course of instruction and covers the minimum knowledge and skill requirements needed for an individual to function as a driver license examiner, including guidelines for instructional and supporting materials. The complete program is scheduled for a maximum of 80 hours apportioned as follows: 35 hours classroom instruction, 30 hours of practice sessions, 7 hours discussion break time, 3 hours lesson summary time, 5 hours of cushion time for specialized uses. The program is designed on a modular basis to permit flexibility in state adaptation. This report presents materials which are utilizable as instructor lesson plans and guideline preparation documents. In addition, student training materials are supplied along with course presentation guidelines and recommendations. KW - Driver examiners KW - Drivers KW - Driving tests KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Examining and licensing KW - Licenses KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Personnel development KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091402 AU - FLECK, J T AU - BUTLER, F E AU - Vogel, S L AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN IMPROVED THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER SIMULATION OF VEHICLE CRASH VICTIMS. VOLUME III. USERS MANUAL PY - 1975/04 SP - 199 p. AB - This volume contains: Input/output data features; Description of the restart procedure; Error messages; Job control language (JCL) IBM370; Program variable dictionary by labeled common blocks; Subroutine, common block and bariable cross reference charts. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Anatomy KW - Arm KW - Casualties KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Equations of motion KW - Joints (Anatomy) KW - Leg KW - Leg anatomy KW - Loads KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Torque KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091398 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 8 PY - 1975/04 SP - 253 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091400 AU - FLECK, J T AU - BUTLER, F E AU - Vogel, S L AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN IMPROVED THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER SIMULATION OF VEHICLE CRASH VICTIMS. VOLUME I. ENGINEERING MANUAL PY - 1975/04 SP - 289 p. AB - A digital computer program to simulate in three dimension one or more motor vehicle crash victims either occupant or pedestrian has been developed. The ground work for the program was performed in Phases I and II. In the present version, numerous improvements in the modeling have been made. In this version, disjoint sets of connected rigid bodies may be specified simulating multiple victims and victim interaction. Additional ellipsoids and/or planes may be attached to any segment. Position, rolling and sliding constraints between segments is now a user option. Modeling of impulsive forces arising at first contact has been incorporated. Improved modeling of joint-stop torques plus the capability of locking and unlocking joints has been added to the program. The work is in 4 volumes. KW - Anatomy KW - Arm KW - Casualties KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Equations of motion KW - Joints (Anatomy) KW - Leg KW - Leg anatomy KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Torque KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091403 AU - FLECK, J T AU - BUTLER, F E AU - Vogel, S L AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN IMPROVED THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER SIMULATION OF VEHICLE CRASH VICTIMS. VOLUME IV. PROGRAMMERS MANUAL PY - 1975/04 SP - 486 p. AB - A digital computer program to simulate in three dimensions one or more motor vehicle crash victims either occupant or pedestrian has been developed. Contents: Description of program flow; Program variable dictionary by labeled common blocks; Analysis variable dictionary; Subroutine, common block, and variable cross reference charts; Input and subroutine description; Source listing. KW - Anatomy KW - Arm KW - Casualties KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Equations of motion KW - Joints (Anatomy) KW - Leg KW - Leg anatomy KW - Loads KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Motion KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety equipment KW - Simulation KW - Torque KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091394 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 4 PY - 1975/04 SP - 340 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091396 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 6 PY - 1975/04 SP - 318 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuiing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091414 AU - Anderson, P A AU - Curtner, K L AU - Wolf, J D AU - Honeywell, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRIVEM: DRIVER-VEHICLE INTERACTION EFFECTIVENESS MODEL PY - 1975/04 SP - 117 p. AB - The present study was the first phase of an effort to develop a computer model for rapid and valid predictions of accident reduction due to proposed traffic safety improvements. This computer-model concept, Driver-Vehicle Interaction Effectiveness Model (DRIVEM), is a feasible method for predicting accident reduction potential. A preferred direction for continued model development was defined. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Computer science KW - Computer technology KW - Crash rates KW - Drivers KW - Effectiveness KW - Factor analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Human machine systems KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Models KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Reliability KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091436 AU - Austin, J A AU - Wagner, F R AU - Hogan, A AU - Bryner, G AU - Utah Auto Crash Research Team AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDY OF POST-CRASH FACTORS IN AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1975/04 SP - 170 p. AB - This is the final report of the results of a study into post-crash factors, fire, submergence, fuel leakage, and extrication-evacuation in automobile collisions. This is a special studies effort as a part of the Utah Multidisciplinary Highway Crash Investigation Research. The report presents the study area statistics with respect to the driving population, vehicle population, and accident population; and compares these statistics to the State of Utah and national statistics in order to assess the study area representativeness. The incidence rates for each of the four post-crash factors was assessed based on data collected over a one-year period. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Evacuation KW - Fires KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuel tanks KW - Leakage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Research KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Statistics KW - Submerging KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091392 AU - Fitzpatrick, M AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ADVANCED PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM FOR SUBCOMPACT CAR DRIVERS PY - 1975/04 SP - 225 p. AB - The report summarizes the analyses, design, and testing that were conducted to develop an air bag restraint system for the subcompact car capable of protecting the driver in frontal and frontal oblique crashes up to 50 mph. A small, rapidly inflating dual air bag mounted to a stroke efficient energy absorbing steering column, was developed. The lower body energy is absorbed by a crushable knee restraint fabricated of styrofoam. The system ultimately proved capable of protecting subcompact car drivers throught the adult anthropometric size range at velocities exceeding 50 mph. In addition, the finalized restraint system is constructed of components that are oriented toward eventual mass production. KW - Anthropometry KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Inflatable structures KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Safety equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091297 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIAT 2000/AMF ESVS FRONT-TO-FRONT IMPACT TEST AT 75 MPH PY - 1975/04 SP - 150 p. AB - The report presents the test results of a front-to-front collision between a Fiat 2000 pound class Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) and a 5200 pound AMF ESV at a closure speed of 75 miles per hour. The objective of this test was to assist in the understanding of problems associated with crashworthiness in the traffic mix, i.e., car-to-car compatibility and aggressiveness. This crash test evaluated the structural integrity and dynamic response of the Fiat ESV when involved in collision with a larger ESV. The test also investigated the potential benefits of velocity-sensitive front-end structures to accommodate lighter weight vehicles such as the Fiat ESV. The test was successful in that Fiat compartment integrity was adequately maintained. KW - Automobiles KW - Bumpers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091323 AU - Austin, J A AU - Wagner, F R AU - Hogan, A AU - Bryner, G AU - Utah Auto Crash Research Team AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDY OF POST-CRASH FACTORS IN AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1975/04 SP - 104 p. AB - The investigated post-crash factors such as fire, submergence, fuel leakage, and extrication-evacuation in automobile collisions. The study presents statistics with respect to the driving population, vehicle population, and accident population of the 5-county area surveyed and compares these statistics to the state of Utah and national statistics. The incidence rates for each of the four post-crash factors was assessed based on data collected over a one-year period. The standard police report and a supplemental accident report were used to identify the post-crash factors of interest. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Extrication KW - Fires KW - Fuel systems KW - Gasoline KW - Leakage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Submerging KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091296 AU - Riley, M C AU - McBride, R S AU - Human Resources Research Organization International, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFE PERFORMANCE CURRICULUM FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL DRIVER EDUCATION. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND TECHNICAL FINDINGS PY - 1975/04 SP - 270 p. AB - To determine the effectiveness of a model driver education curriculum in leading to safe vehicle operation among beginning drivers, the Safe Performance Curriculum was developed and pilot tested. The curriculum was based on instructional objectives derived from an analysis of the driver's tasks. In the pilot test, students were randomly assigned to one of the following: (a) Safe Performance Curriculum (SPC); (b) a Pre-Driver Licensing (PDL) course, consisting of instruction in the minimum requirements needed for the granting of a driver's license; or (c) a control group, which received no formal instruction through the secondary school system. Intermediate criterion measures of performance, knowledge, skill and attitude were administered to students in the first two groups. Program effects were measured in terms of curriculum (SPC vs. PDL), sex, and scholastic achievement level (lower vs. upper half of class). KW - Automobiles KW - Curricula KW - Driver performance KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Education KW - Instructors KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance measurement KW - Personnel performance KW - Safety KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Students KW - Tests KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091298 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NISSAN/AMF ESSVS--FRONT-TO-FRONT IMPACT TEST AT 60 MPH PY - 1975/04 SP - 193 p. AB - The report presents the results of an aligned front-to-front collision between a Nissan Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) and a 4000 pound AMF ESV at a closure speed of 60 miles per hour. The objective of the test was to assist in the understanding of problems associated with crashworthiness in the traffic mix, i.e., car-to-car compatibility and aggressiveness. This crash test evaluated the structural integrity and dynamic response of the Nissan ESV and the dynamic response of its four occupants, when involved in collision with a larger ESV. The test was successful in that Nissan compartment integrity was adequately maintained and all occupant responses met established specifications. KW - Anatomical models KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091300 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION CASE NO. TAC-SP-74-5. SCHOOL BUS - RAN OFF ROAD/FIXED OBJECT PY - 1975/04 SP - 21 p. AB - The report is an in-depth multidisciplinary accident report covering Case No. TAC-SP-74-5, a school busaccident, in which the brakes of the school bus failed and the driver attempted to steer off the road. In this process the school bus struck a wooden pole. KW - Brakes KW - Buses KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Failure KW - Intersections KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Students KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090660 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME VI, NO. 9 PY - 1975/04 SP - 335 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Environment KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151763 AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Fancher, P S AU - Gupta, R AU - Moncarz, H AU - Segel, L AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE IN USE LIMIT PERFORMANCE AND TIRE FACTORS. THE TIRE IN USE PY - 1975/03 SP - 230 p. AB - The influence of tire-in-use factors (inflation pressure, replacement mixes, and wear) on the steering and braking response of automobiles is examined through analysis, simulation, laboratory and over-the-road tire testing, and vehicle testing. Results for a 1971 Mustang and a 1973 Buick station wagon illustrate the influence of tire-in-use factors on (a) the open-loop braking and/or turning performance in drastic maneuvers on wet and dry surfaces, and (b) the understeer/oversteer factor for maneuvers involving lateral accelerations below 0.3 g. The investigation shows that differences in tire mechanical properties between the front and rear wheels (as caused by tire-in-use factors) can cause significant and potentially dangerous changes in limit response and from the stability and control characteristics intended by the vehicle manufacturer. The report recommends that (1) inspection limits for inflation pressure be within + or - 1 psi of the manufacturer's recommended level, (2) minimum tread-groove depth exceed 2/32 in., and (3) further research be conducted to develop a cost-effective means for indicating the lateral force characteristics of a tire. KW - Braking KW - Control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Maneuverability KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Skid resistance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Stiffness KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090648 AU - Austin, J A AU - LIMPERT, R AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDY OF SEAT BELT USAGE: 1973 AND 1974 VEHICLES IN THE STATE OF UTAH PY - 1975/03 SP - 49 p. AB - This is the final report of the results of a study into seat belt usage, 1973 vehicles versus 1974 vehicles involved in accidents in the state of Utah. This is a special studies effort as a part of the Utah Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Research. The study assesses the representativeness of the State of Utah to national statistics. The seat belt usage comparisons of 1973 vs. 1974 vehicles are made by age of driver, type of vehicle, residences of driver and injury level. Statistics are also presented on front right and rear seat belt usage. The study also involved a telephone survey to 1974 vehicles drivers involved in accidents to ascertain the effectiveness of the ignition interlock system. KW - Age KW - Automobiles KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Utah KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090633 AU - LIMPERT, R AU - Averett, V AU - Gamero, F AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINAL REPORT ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PY - 1975/03 SP - 216 p. AB - This is the final report of a twofold traffic safety program consisting of (1) in-depth investigation of 35 selected motor vehicle accidents, and (2) seat belt usage comparison study. A summary of the 35 multidisciplinary accident investigations is presented and major findings are explained. A brief summary of the important results of the seat belt usage study is included. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Utah KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141340 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY: HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT OF 1973 (SECTION 214) PY - 1975/03 SP - 101 p. AB - This study includes introduction and background information on the problem of pedestrian bicyclist safety, and presents an overview of Federal, State and local activity, the methods employed in the development of the report, and a congressional recommendation. The safety of individuals riding bicycles or walking on streets, highways, and sidewalks is also emphasized. The relationship of pedestrian-bicyclist safety to state and local ordinances; enforcement policies; the relationship between alcohol and pedestrian-bicycle safety; ways and means of improving programs; an analysis of present funding allocation of safety programs; and an assessment of the capabilities of Federal, State and local governments to fund such activities and programs are reviewed. KW - Alcohols KW - Bicycles KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway safety KW - Law enforcement KW - Local government KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Sidewalks KW - State government KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25338/DOT-HS-801-383.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091377 AU - Wagner, M H AU - Bigelow, J H AU - COBB, J AU - Goldstein, L AU - Kirkpatrick, R E AU - Technical Research Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF HIGH RISK GROUPS FOR ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1975/03 SP - 351 p. AB - The study plan defines a number of high risk drinking driver groups, specifies variables to used in developing a predictive model of high risk drinking driving within these groups, and presents a design for a survey research operation which will discover these groups of high risk drinking drivers in the field, gather data on the relevant variables, and inductively develop best predicting equations from the data collected. Questionnaire forms are included, sampling plans and instructions, in preparation to begin Phase 2 of the research project, the conduct of the survey. KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Forecasting KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Intoxicants KW - Intoxication KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Questionnaires KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091419 AU - National Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY (3RD) PROCEEDINGS, HELD AT SAN FRANCISCO, ON JULY 15-17, 1974. VOLUME 2, SUPPLEMENT PY - 1975/03 SP - 874 p. AB - This is the second volume of the proceedings on pedestrian safety, bicyclist safety, vehicle mix, small car-big car mix, vehicle factors affecting pedestrian and bicyclist safety. KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycles KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motorcycles KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural design KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091418 AU - National Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY (3RD) PROCEEDINGS, HELD AT SAN FRANCISCO ON JULY 15-17 1974. VOLUME 1, SUPPLEMENT PY - 1975/03 SP - 668 p. AB - Because the United States experienced an unprecedented and dramatic drop in highway fatalities coupled with a strong consumer demand for smaller, more economical automobiles, some experts believe the smaller car to be much less safe than the normal size American car to which many are accustomed. While experiencing an overall drop in highway fatalities, bicyclist deaths from crashes with motor vehicles acutely increased during the most critical months of the energy crisis. This is not surprising when we hear that last year more bicycles were sold than automobiles. The bicycle must be regarded as a highway vehicle, and the Council hopes to find ways by which the increasing death and injury toll of unprotected bicyclists can effectively be reduced through improved designs of motor vehicles. Pedestrian deaths which account for approximately 20 percent of our highway fatalities, might also be significantly reduced through improved vehicle designs. KW - Automobiles KW - Bicycles KW - Compact automobiles KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Design KW - Fatalities KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motorcycles KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural design KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00096155 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE SAFETY STUDY PY - 1975/03 SP - 101 p. AB - This report is in response to the Highway Safety Act of 1973, Section 214, pp 93-97, which requires the Secretary of Transportation to sumbit to Congress the results of his investigation, findings, and recommendations for appropriate legislation concerning pedestrian-bicycle safety. The research conducted for this study showed that there is a serious lack of uniformity among pedestrian laws which causes confusion on the part of both motorists and pedestrians. Statements of policy and/or directives relating to pedestrians should be established and police police officers apprised of the importance of appropriate countermeasure activity. Pedestrian-bicyclist safety educational programs should be broadened to include all ages and should be directed toward target groups with special messages for specific accident types. The legal status of the bicycle and bicyclist in relation to motor vehicles and pedestrians needs to be defined more precisely in order to avoid confusion over rights-of-way and legal liabilities associated with traffic laws. The study revealed the need for state and local action on the pedestrian-bicycle safety problem, and showed that such action can best be constructed around needs identified by analysis of traffic records and programmatic activities. KW - Antiseptics KW - Crosswalks KW - First aid KW - Highway Safety act KW - Laws KW - Safety education KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091376 AU - Chandler, R F AU - Clauser, C E AU - McConville, J T AU - Reynolds, H M AU - Young, J W AU - Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - Webb Associates, Incorporated TI - INVESTIGATION OF INERTIAL PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN BODY PY - 1975/03 SP - 168 p. AB - Knowledge of the anthropometric parameters of the human body is essential for understanding of human kinetics and particularly for the design and testing of impact protective systems. Considerable information is available on the size, weight and center of mass of the body and its segments. The report supplements existing information with data regarding mass distribution characteristics of the human body as described by the principal moments of inertia and their orientation to body and segment anthropometry. The weight, center of mass location and principal moments of inertia of six cadavers were measured, the cadavers were then segmented and the mass, center of mass, moments of inertia and volume were measured on the fourteen segment from each cadaver. KW - Aeronautics KW - Aerospace medicine KW - Anthropometry KW - Aviation medicine KW - Body KW - Body weight KW - Cadavers KW - Human factors engineering KW - Inertia (Mechanics) KW - Kinetics KW - Mass KW - Moments of inertia KW - Response KW - Size KW - Tables (Data) KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090655 AU - Pritz, H B AU - Weis, E B AU - Herridge, J T AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BODY VEHICLE INTERACTION EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. VOLUME II PY - 1975/03 SP - 110 p. AB - An experimental study was conducted to investigate injuries sustained by the lower body of a standing adult pedestrian when impacted with the front portion of a vehicle. Fifteen unembalmed cadavers were impacted at vehicle speeds between 10 and 30 mph with a vehicle simulation consisting of two impactors--hood edge and bumper. Various vehicle geometries and surface compliances, representative of both current production and candidate injury attenuating designs, were investigated. The results indicate that injuries to the lower body of an adult pedestrian are strongly dependent upon vehicle design--particularly the height and compliance of the vehicle impact surfaces. KW - Body KW - Cadavers KW - Crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090632 AU - Massing, D E AU - Naab, K N AU - Yates, P E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEW GENERATION 50TH PERCENTILE ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES. VOLUME I. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/03 SP - 240 p. AB - Two new generation anthropomorphic test dummies developed and designated as the GM-50X were experimentally evaluated to (1) determine the degree of conformance to the specifications contained in the 'Purchase Description of the NHTSA 50th Percentile Anthropomorphic Test Dummy' and (2) establish by sled testing in typical restraint and crash environments their potential for experimental repeatability. A series of eleven static and dynamic component tests were performed to measure the GM-50X dummies in accordance with the purchase description; the results indicate substantial non-conformance with the specified criteria. KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090644 AU - Massing, D E AU - Naab, K N AU - Yates, P E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NEW GENERATION 50TH PERCENTILE ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES - VOLUME II - ACCELERATOR SLED TEST DATA PY - 1975/03 SP - 569 p. AB - Four sled test configurations were employed to evaluate the dynamic performance repeatability of the GM 50X dummy. Type 2 belt, pre-inflated air bag, energy absorbing steering column, and Type 1 belt with simulated instrument panel test environments were utilized to measure the performance of two identically fabricated dummies. The graphical results of a statistical analysis are presented. In addition, graphical results of the energy absorbing steering column and simulated instrument panel tests of the GM 50X dummies are presented in raw form. KW - Air bags KW - Anthropometry KW - Dummies KW - Energy absorbers KW - Energy absorbing materials KW - Evaluation KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Reliability KW - Rocket propelled sleds KW - Rocket sleds KW - Safety equipment KW - Sleds KW - Statistical analysis KW - Steering wheels KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090634 AU - Chandler, R A AU - Wood, L E AU - Jacobson, L A AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF RADAR SENSORS TO AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION PREVENTION PY - 1975/03 SP - 306 p. AB - The report describes the results of the second phase of an investigation of the practicality and technical feasibility of using radar sensors for automatic automotive braking systems. Radar signatures of typical vehicular targets at 35 GHz and 60 GHz are shown. Results are compared with 10 GHz signatures obtained in Phase I. Tracking radar systems and their feasibility in the automotive application are discussed with respect to the problem of potentially high false alarm rates caused by highway curves. The problem of intersystem blinding is considered in depth, and estimations are made of the effectiveness of polarization isolation and frequency-hopping in reducing blinding effects. The performance of diplex radar systems in blinding configurations is discussed. Preliminary specifications are recommended as guidelines for judging the acceptability of prototype systems for marketing. Performance tests for verifying a system's compliance with the suggested specifications are outlined and discussed. KW - Automatic control KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Microwave devices KW - Microwave equipment KW - Performance tests KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Safety KW - Signatures KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090646 AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Fancher, P S AU - Gupta, R AU - Moncarz, H AU - Segel, L AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE-IN-USE LIMIT PERFORMANCE AND TIRE FACTORS. THE TIRE IN USE. APPENDIX D,E,F,G PY - 1975/03 SP - 443 p. AB - THESE APPENDICES CONTAIN TIRE TEST DATA, THE VEHICLE TEST PROGRAM, VEHICLE TEST DATA, AND VEHICLE PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS. KW - Braking KW - Durability KW - Loads KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pavements KW - Pressure KW - Shear properties KW - Sheer properties KW - Skid resistance KW - Steering KW - Temperature KW - Testing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Vehicle performance KW - Velocity KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090661 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Washington, D.C. TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS - DETAILED REPORTS FROM OCTOBER 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1974 PY - 1975/03 SP - 837 p. AB - The report contains detailed information regarding defect recall campaigns conducted by domestic and foreign automobile and equipment manufacturers during the fourth quarter of 1974. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Assemblies (Equipment) KW - Assembling KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Motor vehicle defects KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090635 AU - Hochberg, Y AU - Reinfurt, D W AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF SAFETY BELT USAGE AND EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1975/03 SP - 62 p. AB - Seat belt effectiveness in accidents is initially discussed from a population parameter point of view. The report also includes some exploratory studies of the degree of misclassification errors involved in the police reports on belt usage and degree of injury along with some tools to partially resolve such problems. Methodology is developed for investigating the bivariate injury distribution for belted and unbelted drivers to provide insight into the mechanism of the injury-reducing potential of belts in accidents. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Effectiveness KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utilization UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25418/DOT-HS-801-427_002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090645 AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Fancher, P S AU - Gupta, R AU - Moncarz, H AU - Segel, L AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE-IN-USE LIMIT PERFORMANCE AND TIRE FACTORS. THE TIRE IN USE. APPENDIX A,B,C PY - 1975/03 SP - 264 p. AB - The influence of tire-in-use factors (inflation pressure, replacement mixes, and wear) on the steering and braking response of automobiles is examined through analysis, simulation, laboratory and over-the-road tire testing, and vehicle testing. Results for a 1971 Mustang and a 1973 Buick station wagon illustrate the influence of tire-in-use factors on (a) the open-loop braking and/or turning performance in drastic maneuvers on wet and dry surfaces, and (b) the understeer/oversteer factor for maneuvers involving lateral accelerations below 0.3 g. The investigation shows that differences in tire mechanical properties between the front and rear wheels (as caused by tire-in-use factors) can cause significant and potentially dangerous changes in limit response and from the stability and control characteristics intended by the vehicle manufacturer. KW - Analysis KW - Braking KW - Durability KW - Inflation KW - Loads KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pavements KW - Pressure KW - Shear properties KW - Sheer properties KW - Skid resistance KW - Steering KW - Temperature KW - Testing KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Vehicle performance KW - Velocity KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090631 AU - Printz, H B AU - Weis, E B AU - Herridge, J T AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BODY-VEHICLE INTERACTION: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1975/03 SP - 22 p. AB - The final report is presented in two volumes as follows: Volume I - Summary; Volume II - Technical Discussion. An experimental study was conducted to investigate injuries sustained by the lower body of a standing adult pedestrian when impact with the front portion of a vehicle. Fifteen unembalmed cadavers were impacted at vehicle speeds between 10 and 30 mph with a vehicle simulation consisting of two impactors--hood edge and bumber. Various vehicle geometries and surface compliances, representative of both current production and candidate injury attenuating designs, were investigated. The results indicate that injuries to the lower body of an adult pedestrian are strongly dependent upon vehicle design--particularly the height and compliance of the vehicle impact surfaces. KW - Abdomen KW - Automobile bodies KW - Body KW - Bumpers KW - Cadavers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Experimental data KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Leg KW - Leg anatomy KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Research KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090483 AU - Hayes, G G AU - Koppa, R J AU - White, J T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING DRIVER HANDLING PERFORMANCE. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/03 SP - 21 p. AB - Four representative vehicles used in a previous open-loop comparative study were tested with a sampling of volunteer drivers from the general public. The tests included pre-planned and simulated emergency maneuvers. Various vehicle input and response parameters were measured, and the results used to evaluate current open-loop test maneuvers and parameters. In addition, the degree to which this sampling of drivers utilized the full capability of the vehicles was determined. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Braking KW - Control KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Emergencies KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Measurement KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Personnel performance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090553 AU - Shearer, J E AU - Compliance Testing Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING TREADWEAR. VOLUME I PY - 1975/03 SP - 98 p. AB - The purpose of the wear testing was (a) to confirm the proposed Uniform Tire Quality Grading procedure, as published in the Federal Register on March 7, 1973, using the 7.75-14 (2 ply rayon) size as the control tire; (b) to confirm the suitability of using a single size control tire (7.75-14) as the treadwear reference base for a range of sizes (i.e. D78-14, F78-14, H78-14, etc.); (c) to determine whether similar treadwear ratings are obtained when specific size tire (D78-14) is tested at different inflation pressures using respective Tire and Rim loads (i.e. 24 lbs inflation - 1120 lbs load vs 32 lbs inflation - 1320 lbs load); (d) to develop a treadwear route where the control tire will be worn 75 plus or minus 10% after 16000 route miles. KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Performance KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Ratings KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090567 AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIAT 2500/AMF ESVS-FRONT-TO-FRONT IMPACT TEST AT 75MPH PY - 1975/03 SP - 119 p. AB - The report presents the test results of a front-to-front collision between a Fiat 2500 pound class Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) and a 5200 pound AMF ESV at a closure speed of 75 miles per hour. The objective of the test was to assist in the understanding of problems associated with crashworthiness in the traffic mix, i.e., car-to-car compatibility and aggressiveness. This crash test evaluated the structural integrity and dynamic response of the Fiat ESV when involved in a collision with a larger ESV. The test also investigated the potential benefits of velocity-sensitive front-end structures to accommodate lighter weight vehicles such as the Fiat ESV. The test was successful in that Fiat compartment integrity was adequately maintained. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Bumpers KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090557 AU - Joksch, H C AU - Center for the Environment and Man, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ACCIDENT TREND MODEL PY - 1975/03 SP - 158 p. AB - Factors influencing the time trend of motor vehicle deaths are identified and analyzed. The impact of changes in passenger cars was functionally modeled. For the input of other factors, a formal model was developed. This model was tested against the past trend. Projections of the future trend in passenger car occupant deaths were made under alternative assumptions on future passenger car sales. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Automobiles KW - Fatalities KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Mortality KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Projection KW - Safety equipment KW - Statistical analysis KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090572 AU - Fancher, P S AU - BERNARD, J E AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE-IN-USE LIMIT PERFORMANCE AND TIRE FACTORS. THE TIRE IN USE PY - 1975/03 SP - 34 p. AB - The influence of tire-in-use factors (inflation pressure, replacement mixes, and wear) on the steering and braking response of automobiles is examined through analysis, simulation, laboratory and over-the-road tire testing, and vehicle testing. Results for a 1971 Mustang and a 1973 Buick station wagon illustrate the influence of tire-in-use factors on (a) the open-loop braking and/or turning performance in drastic maneuvers on wet and dry surfaces, and (b) the understeer/oversteer factor for maneuvers involving lateral accelerations below 0.3 g. KW - Automobiles KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Inflatable structures KW - Inflating KW - Rolling friction KW - Steering KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090568 AU - Chandler, R A AU - Wood, L E AU - Jacobson, L A AU - Institute for Telecommunication Science AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS IN THE APPLICATION OF RADAR SENSORS TO AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION PREVENTION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/03 SP - 27 p. AB - The report describes the results of the second phase of an investigation of the practicality and technical feasibility of using radar sensors for automatic automotive braking systems. Radar signatures of typical vehicular targets at 35 GHz and 60 GHz are shown. Results are compared with 10 GHz signatures obtained in Phase I. Tracking radar systems and their feasibility in the automotive application are discussed with respect to the problem of potentially high false alarm rates caused by highway curves. The problem of intersystem blinding is considered in depth, and estimations are made of the effectiveness of polarization isolation and frequency-hopping in reducing blinding efforts. The performance of diplex radar systems in blinding configurations is discussed. Preliminary specifications are recommended as guidelines for judging the acceptability of prototype systems for marketing. Performance tests for verifying a system's compliance with the suggested specifications are outlined and discussed. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Ground vehicles KW - Radar KW - Radar applications KW - Radar detection KW - Radar detectors KW - Safety equipment KW - Sensors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090523 AU - Cross, K D AU - Fisher, G AU - Anacapa Sciences, Incorported AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE ON THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL IN BICYCLE/MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES PY - 1975/03 SP - 26 p. AB - The literature is reviewed to assess the role of alcohol in accidents between bicycles and motor vehicles. Domestic and foreign literature was reviewed along with accident data from the files of selected accident record-keeping agencies. The main conclusions drawn from the literature review are as follows: (1) About three percent of all bicycle/motor-vehicle accidents involve alcohol by one of the vehicle operators; (2) about 78% of the alcohol related bicycle/motor-vehicle crashes involve a drinking motorist and about 22% involve a drinking bicyclist; (3) the incidence of alcohol related bicycle/motor-vehicle crashes has remained relatively constant during the past five years; (4) the frequency of alcohol related bicycle/motor-vehicle accidents is greatest at about 7:00 PM and on weekend days; (5) inferential evidence suggests that the skills required to avoid bicycle/motor-vehicle accidents are seriously degraded by alcohol. KW - Alcohols KW - Bicycles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01082966 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Annual Report on the Public Information and Education Countermeasure of Alcohol Safety Action Projects PY - 1975/02 SP - 66p AB - Drunk driving is a serious problem in the United States. Each year half of all fatal traffic accidents are alcohol-related. For 1974 the toll amounted to more than 20,000 persons losing their lives in crashes where alcohol was involved. In 1970, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation proposed to Congress a comprehensive program of alcohol countermeasures aimed at reducing the number of alcohol-related traffic crashes and resultant death or injury. Since January, 1971, thirty-five community-based Alcohol Safety Action Projects in different states have been testing a range of countermeasures. This report reviews the progress of one of the most critical and promising, Public Information and Education. Ours is both an alcohol culture and an information culture. Much alcohol/driving abuse results from a lack of information or misinformation about alcohol and its effects upon the mind- and driving skills. The Public Information and Education countermeasure aims, among other objectives, to create an awareness of drunk driving as a serious problem, and to impact specific target audiences with the information and motivation they need to prevent the combination of excessive drinking and driving from occurring. This report documents the need for effective public information and education programs, evaluates- the overall effect of the Public Information and Education countermeasure in the sites and describes the implications for future directions and activity. KW - Abilities KW - Alcohol effects KW - Annual reports KW - Countermeasures KW - Driving KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Highway safety KW - Injuries KW - Psychological aspects KW - Public information programs KW - Safety education KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25366/DOT-HS-801-632_002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090551 AU - Korim, A S AU - American Association Community and Junior Colleges AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IMPROVING HIGHWAY SAFETY MANPOWER: COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOL INSTRUCTOR PROJECT AT ESSEX COUNTY COLLEGE PY - 1975/02 SP - 54 p. AB - The American Association of Community and Junior Colleges developed and tested an associate degree curriculum to train commercial driving school instructors. The test site for the project was Essex County College (New Jersey). Curriculum was heavily influenced by materials developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration--based on research conducted by the Human Resources Research Organization (Virginia). This report gives findings, conclusions and recommendations based on the testing efforts. KW - Curricula KW - Driver training KW - Drivers KW - Driving instructors KW - Instructors KW - Personnel development KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Schools KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090494 AU - Berger, W G AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - URBAN PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION. VOLUME I. BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION STUDIES PY - 1975/02 SP - 119 p. AB - The project focused on the determination of the effectiveness of nine safety countermeasures. A series of behavioral studies was conducted to determine the extent to which the proposed countermeasures inhibit undesirable vehicular and pedestrian behaviors. These studies, conducted in eight cities, evaluated the behavioral effects associated with the installation of a countermeasure by means of pairing each experimental site with a control site in a pre-post design. Data collection methods included mechanical recording of vehicle speed and headway, and time-lapse photography, and manual coding of pedestrian and vehicle behavior. During the 204 days of data collection, the crossing behavior of over 16,000 pedestrians were characterized. The accident reduction potential of the various countermeasures was assessed. KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Crosswalks KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Human factors engineering KW - Intersections KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Surveys KW - Time lapse photography KW - Traffic crashes KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091304 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIES ON ALCOHOL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME II. HIGH SCHOOL YOUTH PY - 1975/02 SP - 114 p. AB - The study is in two volumes, the first dealing with adults aged 18-55, the second with high school youth. Both identify target populations and communications strategies for encouraging personnal action steps to prevent drunk driving. KW - Advertising KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Communication KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - High schools KW - Mass communication KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Questionnaires KW - Students KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25406/DOT-HS-801-401.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091303 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGIES ON ALCOHOL AND HIGHWAY SAFETY. VOLUME I. ADULTS 18-55 PY - 1975/02 SP - 220 p. AB - The study is in two volumes, the first dealing with adults aged 18-55, the second with high school youth. Both identify target populations and communications strategies for encouraging personal action steps to prevent drunk driving. This group has the potential for controlling drinking or restraining drunk drivers. The types of measures they are willing to take are restricted to friends and relatives, and include offer to drive, invite to stay over, call a taxi and serve food with liquor. Findings and recommendations are based on a national probability sample of 1,600 adults. KW - Adults KW - Advertising KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcohols KW - Behavior KW - Communication KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Mass communication KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Publicity KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25374/DOT-HS-801-400.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090488 AU - Scheuerman, H AU - Young, R AU - NATIONAL AVIATION FACILITIES EXPERIMENTAL CENTER AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOTIVE LATERAL-IMPACT COLLISION TESTS, PHASE I PY - 1975/02 SP - 185 p. AB - A series of lateral-impact tests were conducted to determine the worst impact angle with respect to automobile intrusion using the Society of Automotive Engineers moving-barrier. Automobiles were impacted at 20 mi/h, and the impact angle was varied from 50 to 80 deg. The maximum vehicle intrusion occurred in the tests with a 60 deg impact angle. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Angles KW - Angular momentum KW - Angularity KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Doors KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Speed KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural properties KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090482 AU - Carroll, P S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SYMPOSIUM ON DRIVING EXPOSURE PY - 1975/02 SP - 33 p. AB - The Symposium on Driving Exposure was held June 18-20, 1973. Summaries of the sessions are presented, including current status in the field of driving exposure, problem areas in driving exposure research, problem areas in obtaining exposure data, and future plans for exposure research and data collection. Conclusions include a consensus that a national exposure program should be established; that further research is needed on exposure measures and classifications, data collection and sampling plans, and induced exposure; and that states should be involved in the national program. The basic recommendation is that NHTSA should begin planning for a national exposure-data collection and research program, to be fully operational in 1977. KW - Crash exposure KW - Data collection KW - Driver records KW - Drivers KW - Exposure KW - Hazards KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Risk assessment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090484 AU - Mortimer, R G AU - Sturgis, S P AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATIONS OF AUTOMOBILE REAR LIGHTING AND SIGNALING SYSTEMS IN DRIVING SIMULATOR AND ROAD TESTS PY - 1975/02 SP - 171 p. AB - Simulator studies were made to evaluate a number of conventional and experimental vehicle rear lighting systems. In normal car-following conditions a number of experimental rear lighting systems, using functionally separated signal lamps or color coding provided better performance in signal identification. Some of the results were confirmed in a road test. There were no stable differences in car-following performance measures between systems in the simulator. KW - Automobiles KW - Car following KW - Color KW - Color codes KW - Driving simulators KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Indicators (Instruments) KW - Lighting equipment KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance KW - Rear lighting KW - Rear lights KW - Road tests KW - Signal lights KW - Signaling KW - Simulation KW - Traffic safety KW - Training simulators KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Visibility KW - Warning devices KW - Warning signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090575 AU - Lynch, J P AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VEHICLE OPERATIONAL MANUAL PY - 1975/02 SP - 70 p. AB - A special computerized vehicle has been developed by Calspan Corporation for the scientific investigation and reconstruction of automobile accidents. The report is a guide to proper usage of that vehicle. Instructions on starting the minicomputer, sighting the physical evidence with the optical measurement system, and using the radiotelephone for communication with the larger timesharing computer for reconstruction operations are provided. Troubleshooting information is also included. KW - Computer systems hardware KW - Computers KW - Crash investigation KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Mobile (Alabama) KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Optical measurement KW - Portable equipment KW - Radio KW - Range finding KW - Rangefinders KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090489 AU - McRuer, D T AU - Klein, R H AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONTROLLABILITY. DRIVER/VEHICLE RESPONSE FOR STEERING CONTROL. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/02 SP - 269 p. AB - The report describes an applied research program aimed at identifying those characteristics of the driver/vehicle system which influence the driver's ability to maintain control over vehicle path in a variety of steering tasks. Program objectives include comprehensive measurements of driver and vehicle responses and the quantification of optimum driver/vehicle system characteristics as functions of simplified vehicle dynamic properties and task durations. To accomplish this, fixed-base simulation, and road tests were used for compensatory steering tasks, while road test results were emphasized in discrete and transient maneuvers. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Control KW - Driver characteristics KW - Driver reaction KW - Drivers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Gusts KW - Human characteristics KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Reaction time KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Testing KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle path UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090496 AU - Berger, W G AU - Biotechnology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - URBAN PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION. VOLUME II. APPENDIX A. REVIEW OF EDUCATION AND PUBLIC INFORMATION MATERIALS PY - 1975/02 SP - 77 p. AB - The technical appendix presents an overview of the national pedestrian safety effort. It reports the results of a survey of 48 ongoing educational programs being conducted in eight U.S. urban centers. A final chapter suggests procedures for the systematic development and evaluation of pedestrian safety programs. KW - Behavior KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Education KW - Highway traffic control KW - Human factors engineering KW - Intersections KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090550 AU - ZYLMAN, R AU - Blomberg, R D AU - Preusser, D R AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF ALCOHOL IN PEDESTRIAN COLLISIONS RESULTING IN DEATH AND INJURY PY - 1975/02 SP - 58 p. AB - A review of the literature on the existing state of knowledge of the role of alcohol in pedestrian accidents indicates that little is currently known. It is concluded that more data are needed before the extent of any pedestrian safety problems involving alcohol can be quantified or countermeasures can be devised. KW - Alcohols KW - Crash causes KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25372/DOT-HS-801-413_001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090574 AU - MCHENRY, R R AU - Jones, I S AU - Lynch, J P AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MATHEMATICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAY ACCIDENTS. SCENE MEASUREMENT AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM PY - 1975/02 SP - 170 p. AB - A computer program and an associated optical measurement system have been developed to aid the investigation of highway accidents. They provide a capability of processing and evaluating scene data, via radio contact with a remote computer, while the investigators are at the accident scene. Results of the third year of effort are presented and discussed. They include the results of field testing by a local police agency as well as by Calspan personnel. It is concluded that development of the prototype system has reached a point where it can be routinely applied to many highway accidents. Proposed modifications and extensions, aimed at greater ease of application and at increased generality, are presented and discussed. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Crash investigation KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Optical measurement KW - Radio KW - Range finding KW - Rangefinders KW - Reconstruction KW - Simulation KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090526 AU - Vallerie, L L AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS PY - 1975/02 SP - 287 p. AB - The primary objectives of the study were to determine the need for standardizing the shift patterns of manual transmissions in passenger vehicles and to develop recommendations for an optimum pattern. Secondary objectives were to identify the problems truck drivers experience in shifting gears in both trucks and cars and to solicit their opinions with regard to the need for a standard in trucks. KW - Automobiles KW - Design standards KW - Gear drives KW - Gears KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manual control KW - Manual transmissions KW - Motor vehicles KW - Shifts KW - Standardization KW - Transmissions KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle drive systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090580 AU - Klein, R H AU - McRuer, D T AU - Weir, D H AU - Allen, R W AU - Humes, R W AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOBILE CONTROLLABILITY. DRIVER/VEHICLE RESPONSE FOR STEERING CONTROL. VOLUME II. SUPPORTING EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS PY - 1975/02 SP - 303 p. AB - The report represents the second volume of documentation pertinent to driver/vehicle response research. Volume I contains summary data, discussion of results, and conclusions for the entire program. This volume provides the experimental results that support the discussion and conclusions of Volume I. KW - Automobiles KW - Control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Experiments KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicles KW - Road tests KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Training simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090479 AU - Hayes, G G AU - Koppa, R J AU - White, J T AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING DRIVER HANDLING PERFORMANCE. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1975/02 SP - 226 p. AB - Purpose of the study is to determine to what extent drivers use the built-in handling ability of different automobiles, and to compare how cars perform when a driver is in control with how they act under laboratory conditions with control devices substituted for the driver. Volume 2 contains exhibits, data, graphs, test plans, and test procedures. The work is in 3 volumes. KW - Automobiles KW - Control KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information processing KW - Laboratory tests KW - Maneuverability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel performance KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091462 AU - Hughes, T J AU - TAYLOR, R L AU - Sackman, J L AU - Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION AND SOLUTION OF CONTACT-IMPACT PROBLEMS IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS-II PY - 1975/01 SP - 55 p. AB - Hertzian contact-impact problems are solved which demonstrate the veracity of the numerical algorithm employed. The importance of the impact and release conditions is emphasized. A methodology is developed for nonlinear contact/impact problems. The formulation is applicable to motor vehicle accident research. KW - Classical field theory KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Finite element method KW - Force KW - Force mechanics KW - Hertzian fracture KW - Impacts KW - Kinematics KW - Kinetics KW - Numerical analysis KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091347 AU - Operating Systems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURED AND FREE TEXT SEARCHING OF THE NHTSA DATA BASE PY - 1975/01 SP - 77 p. AB - A comparative evaluation of two computerized retrieval systems is given. The two systems operate on the same document collection, but one uses conventional thesaurus search terms for indexing and access to the collection in a batch mode, while the other is an interactive system that provides direct access to document abstracts to a set of user queries, and scoring the output according to a retrieval effectiveness measure. The results show that there is no significant difference between the retrieval effectiveness of the two systems. Secondary evaluation criteria dealing with human factors and systems aspect are also discussed. The analysis shows that the interactive system has considerable advantages over the batch mode system, especially in regard to user human factors. KW - Abstracts KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information retrieval effectiveness KW - Search structuring KW - Thesauri KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453146 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - LIMITED DRIVING PRIVILEGES FOR PROBLEM MOTORISTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 18 p. AB - This publication is a departmental position paper by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles on the issue of using limited driving privileges for problem motorists. It recognizes that the withdrawal of license privileges is an extremely severe sanction which should only be applied where no reasonable alternatives are available to contain unsafe or irresponsible driving behavior or to otherwise motivate improved driving behavior. Limited driving privileges should be introduced as a means of minimizing the negative or counter productive effects of license suspension or revocation in those instances where such action is neither a reasonable nor relevant response to the severity of risk evidenced by the problem driver. KW - Behavior KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Driver license revocation KW - Driver license suspension KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Hazards KW - Limited driving privileges KW - Problem drivers KW - Revocation KW - Risk assessment KW - Suspensions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091501 AU - Lehman, R J AU - Wolfe, A C AU - KAY, R D AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPUTER ARCHIVE OF ASAP ROADSIDE BREATHTESTING SURVEYS, 1970-1974 PY - 1975/01 SP - 165 p. AB - As part of their evaluation procedures 28 of the 35 federally sponsored Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAPs) conducted roadside breathtesting surveys of nighttime drivers between 1970 and 1974. These surveys were brought together into an archive and were reformatted into a single computer file containing 122 variables. This file contains breathtesting results, demographic data, information on alcohol consumption and knowledge about drinking and driving for 75,183 randomly selected drivers, plus 2,701 passengers. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohols KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Computers KW - Consumption KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Roads KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090522 AU - FLORES, A L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESULTS OF THE FIRST SEMI-ANNUAL QUALIFICATION TESTING OF DEVICES TO MEASURE BREATH ALCOHOL PY - 1975/01 SP - 24 p. AB - Eight evidential breath testers were performance tested according to the Standard for Devices to Measure Breath Alcohol Federal Register, Vol 38, No. 212, November 5, 1973. In addition, a prototype breath tester not commercially available was tested. Test results are presented. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Analyzers KW - Drugs KW - Gas analysis KW - Gas chromatography KW - Human factors KW - Intoxicants KW - Intoxication KW - Measuring instruments KW - Performance evaluations KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors KW - Respiratory system KW - Standards KW - Test procedures KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090654 AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON PASSENGER VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME IV. APPENDICES F - H PY - 1975/01 SP - 528 p. AB - The objectives of the research were (1) to identify the properties of tires that affect vehicle dynamic response and to describe those effects in quantitative terms, and (2) to evaluate the degree to which the various tire parameters affect vehicle dynamic response and to assess their relative importance. The study involved: (1) laboratory tire test to measure the performance (braking and lateral force coefficients, aligning and overturning moments, etc.) on selected tires with specified construction properties, (2) vehicle test in which the effects of tires with different properties were measured on four cars using nine wet and dry test maneuvers and (3) a fundamental vehicle simulation study designed to determine the effect of individual tire parameters on the various vehicle performance. KW - Alignment KW - Braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Maneuverability KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance KW - Skid resistance KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle responses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090412 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. VOLUME I. RESEARCH FINDINGS PY - 1975/01 SP - 245 p. AB - This is the final report of the first year of activity and covers the period August 15, 1972 to August 14, 1973. Data were collected on three levels of detail. Police reports and other baseline data on the Monroe County, Indiana study area were collected on Level A. On Level B, teams of technicians responded to accidents at the time of their occurrence to conduct on-scene investigations. On Level C, a sample of 22% of these accidents were independently examined by a multidisciplinary team. A general population survey was also conducted. This is Volume I of a two-volume report, covering study findings. Appendices are presented in Volume II. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090543 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1975/01 SP - 417 p. AB - This is the final report of the first year of activity under a proposed three-year program entitled 'Tri-Level Study of the Causes of Traffic Accidents.' The report covers the period August 15, 1972 to August 14, 1973. Data were collected on three levels of detail. Police reports and other baseline data on the Monroe County, Indiana study area were collected on Level A. On Level B, teams of technicians responded to accidents at the time of their occurrence to conduct on-scene investigations. On Level C, a sample of 22% of these accidents were independently examined by a multidisciplinary team. A general population survey was also conducted. This is Volume II of a two-volume report, covering the report appendices. Study results are presented in Volume I. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Research KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090560 AU - Roland, R D AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON PASSENGER VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME V. MEASURED TIRE PERFORMANCE DATA PY - 1975/01 SP - 438 p. AB - The overall objectives of the research program were to identify the properties of tires that affect vehicle dynamic response and to describe those effects in quantitative terms, and to evaluate the degree to which the various tire parameters affect vechicle dynamic response and to assess their relative importance. The laboratory tire test program measured the performance parameters of interest (braking and lateral force coefficients, aligning and overturning moments, etc.) on selected tires with specified construction properties. In this test program over 440 wet and dry multivariable test runs were made in over 70 tire configurations. The volume contains most of the measured data from these tests in the forms of carpet plots and tabulations. Also included are tire model coefficients for most tires tested including aligning torque and overturning moment as well as lateral force and braking force coefficients. KW - Alignment KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Data KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fibers KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral loads KW - Loads KW - Moisture content KW - Nylon KW - Nylon fibers KW - Overturning KW - Performance KW - Polyester fibers KW - Polyester resins KW - Properties of materials KW - Rayon KW - Synthetic fibers KW - Test results KW - Tires KW - Wet conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090516 AU - ROBINSON, D C AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRUSH CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 46 p. AB - The response of the structural components was established based on the evaluation of displacement and/or strain measurements and detailed examination of the permanently deformed components following each test. Empirical factors were obtained which are useful for comparison of static and dynamic crush characteristics of a vehicle side door structure over a limited loading range. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Doors KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact tests KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Strain measurement KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090467 AU - Flamboe, E E AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF INJURIES BETWEEN LAP BELTED AND NON-RESTRAINED AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANTS ACCORDING TO SEATED POSITION AND VEHICLE SIZE PY - 1975/01 SP - 64 p. AB - A study was made of the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation (MDAI) accident reports to determine the effectiveness of lap belts for rear seated occupants. After a thorough and clinical examination of data on injured occupants, it was found: (1) that unrestrained occupants are more likely to sustain injury than restrained occupants, (2) lap belt injuries are more severe in front seated occupants (frequency is less), and (3) the most vulnerable body areas for severe injuries are: Front seated-thoracic contents, abdominal contents and head; rear seated-abdomen and pelvic girdle; all positions-abdominal contents, thoracic contents, major thoracic blood vessels, and head. KW - Abdomen KW - Belts KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Effectiveness KW - Front seats KW - Head KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Thorax KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle occupants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090528 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 2 PY - 1975/01 SP - 365 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accicent Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090455 AU - Pizer, R S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ACCELERATION-TIME INTEGRATOR PY - 1975/01 SP - 7 p. AB - An electronic unit is described that integrates acceleration forces with respect to time and stores the accumulated value continuously in an electrochemical coulometer cell as a function of electro-plated metal. The stored value can be remembered indefinitely, and be read out digitally on a metal de-plating unit. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Accelerometers KW - Coulometers KW - Coulometers /volt ammeters/ KW - Electrochemical cells KW - Electrochemical processes KW - Electrochemistry KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Equipment tests KW - Impact loading KW - Impact loads KW - Instrumentation KW - Metals KW - Test equipment KW - Time KW - Tire treads KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090527 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1 PY - 1975/01 SP - 359 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090411 AU - MILLER, P M AU - Greene, J E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A STRUCTURAL CRASHWORTHINESS SYSTEM FOR A STANDARD SIZE AUTOMOBILE PY - 1975/01 SP - 288 p. AB - The objective of the study was to develop two pre-prototype vehicles which would provide improved structural performance during front, side, rear and rollover collisions. Various subsystems were extensively investigated; these included the frame, passenger compartment structure, door beams, glass and padding. Structural modifications were incorporated into two 1973 standard size Ford sedans which represented the pre-prototype vehicles. These vehicles were subjected to handling and crash testing. The crash tests were planned so that front, side and rear impact data were obtained. The vehicle performance generally met the requirements as stated. Excellent performance was obtained during lateral collisions, where dummy results were within accepted limits during 30 MPH moving barrier collisions. The total structural modification resulted in a net weight increase slightly less than ten percent of the base vehicle (1973 Ford) curb weight. KW - Anthropometry KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design standards KW - Dummies KW - Impact tests KW - Prevention KW - Prototypes KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural properties KW - Testing KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090456 AU - FLORES, A L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BLOOD-ALCOHOL PROFICIENCY TEST PROGRAM PY - 1975/01 SP - 21 p. AB - A preliminary survey has been performed to ascertain the validity of the blood alcohol analysis performed by a number of laboratories on a voluntary basis. Values of accuracy and precision of the tests are presented. KW - Accuracy KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Alcoholism KW - Alcohols KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Blood chemistry KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Drugs KW - Gas analysis KW - Gas chromatography KW - Human factors KW - Intoxicants KW - Intoxication KW - Laboratory tests KW - Physiological aspects KW - Physiological factors KW - Precision KW - Testing KW - Tests UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25371/DOT-HS-801-332.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090346 AU - Schuring, D J AU - Kunkel, D T AU - Massing, D E AU - Roland, R D AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON PASSENGER VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME III. APPENDICES A-E PY - 1975/01 SP - 147 p. AB - The overall objectives of this research program were to identify the properties of tires that affect vehicle dynamic response. This volume contains several appendices which include: (1) a literature review and annotated bibliography related to tire construction and performance, (2) mathematical functions of aligning torque and overturning moment, and automatic computation techniques for obtaining simulation tire model coefficients, (3) a discussion of the vehicle test procedures for testing in the wet, and the automatic computation techniques used, (4) complete simulation data sets for the four test vehicles used in this study, (5) a discussion of a preliminary test program to evaluate the performance of a three component vehicle wheel force sensor. KW - Bibliographies KW - Braking KW - Construction characteristics KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Equipment tests KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reviews KW - Simulation KW - Test equipment KW - Tires KW - Torque KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle tests KW - Wetting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090344 AU - Roland, R D AU - RICE, R S AU - Dell'Amico, F AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON PASSENGER VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/01 SP - 37 p. AB - The overall objectives of this research program were (1) to identify the properties of tires that affect vehicle dynamic response and to describe those effects in quantitative terms, and (2) to evaluate the degree to which the various tire parameters affect vehicle dynamic response and to assess their relative importance. This volume contains a concise summary of the technical approach and important results and conclusions of the program. KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Loads KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Surveys KW - Test facilities KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090345 AU - Roland, R D AU - RICE, R S AU - Dell'Amico, F AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF TIRE PROPERTIES ON PASSENGER VEHICLE HANDLING. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1975/01 SP - 176 p. AB - The overall objectives of this research program to identify the properties of tires that affect vehicle dynamic response and to evaluate the degree to which the various tire parameters enter into this response. The main elements of this research study involved: (1) a laboratory tire test program to measure the performance parameters of interest (braking and lateral force coefficients, aligning and overturning moments, etc.) on selected tires with specified construction properties, (2) a vehicle test program in which the effects of tires with different properties and parameters were measured on four cars using nine wet and dry test maneuvers, and (3) a fundamental vehicle simulation study designed to determine the effect of individual tire parameters on various vehicle performance metrics. KW - Alignment KW - Braking KW - Dynamic braking KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural properties KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lateral pressure KW - Mechanical tests KW - Moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Test facilities KW - Tires KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721372 AU - Tichenor, F E AU - Nebraska Department of Education TI - BICYCLE SAFETY: PERFORMANCE AND SKILL TESTS PY - 1975 SP - 15 p. AB - The practical measure of ability in handling a bicycle under varying conditions is an important factor in the physical safety of the driver and an integral part of a comprehensive bicycle safety program. Besides affording the young cyclist an opportunity to show his or her ability as a safe driver, such exercises enable him or her to discover his or her weaknesses and show where and how he or she can improve. The following performance and skills tests are presented in this document: Circle Test; Balancing at Low Speeds; Straight Line Riding; Speed Coordination; Weaving Serpentine; Limited Space Turn Around; Balance and Control; Maneuvering in Limited Space; Circling and Change in Direction; Circling and Balance; Stopping on Spot; Signaling; and Right and Left Turns. KW - Bicycle safety KW - Bicycling KW - Cyclists KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuvering KW - Motor skills KW - Performance tests KW - Signaling KW - Stopping KW - Traffic safety KW - Turning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453148 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - MOTOR VEHICLE AND DRIVER REGULATION IN NEW YORK STATE PY - 1975 SP - 4 p. AB - This publication gives a brief historic sketch on the development of motor vehicle and driver regulation in New York State. From this review, it is evident that vehicle and driver regulation has gone through many changes since 1901. The emphasis since the formation of the Bureau of Motor Vehicles in 1924 has been on the type of regulation that will make travel safer for all. The current Department of Motor Vehicles will continue in that direction while at the same time doing whatever it can to make it easier and more convenient for motorists to transact their registration and licensing business. KW - Driver licensing KW - History KW - Laws KW - Motor vehicle laws & regulations KW - Motor vehicles KW - New York (State) KW - Registrations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399208 AU - National Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Council TI - REPORT OF THE SELF-STUDY TASK FORCE ON NEW DIRECTIONS (NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY ADVISORY COUNCIL) PY - 1975 SP - 36 p. AB - Analyses are presented of the General Accounting Office's observations, legislative history covering the intent of Congress in mandating the establishment of the Council, and the essence of the criticism expressed by members of the staffs of the Senate and House Commerce Committees. Useful work that the Council performs includes its dialog with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and sponsorship of the annual International Congress on Automotive Safety. It is concluded that the Council might be more effective if some administrative and organization changes were made, although the importance of good personal relationships to the Council's effectiveness should be remembered. Suggestions for appropriate issues for Council deliberation include passive-restraint rulemaking, long-range policy planning, continuing review of existing standards, and recommendations of rulemaking priorities, upgrading or dropping of standards, areas of research, improvements in rulemaking process, and definitions relating to safety programs. Appended are background documents. KW - Administration KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Federal government agencies KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450203 AU - Foody, T J AU - Wray, J H AU - Ohio Department of Transportation TI - IMPROVING THE TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND SAFETY OF FULL CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGES PY - 1975 SP - 130 p. AB - Criteria are developed for altering full cloverleaf interchanges of the standard configuration with a loop ramp and an outer connection in each quadrant, in order to improve traffic operations and safety. A description of the spatial distribution of accidents within the interchange and its relationship to increasing traffic volume together with a description of the capacity characteristics of the various junction points within the standard cloverleaf are combined to describe the range of traffic situations that could cause a breakdown in operations. One problem situation concerns the weaving section as it approaches capacity; another problem concerns the free-flow ramp terminals onto a multi-lane, nonaccess-controlled crossroad with strip development in close proximity to the terminals. Improvements involving reconstruction and land acquisition would be either cost-prohibitive or unacceptable to the public. Solutions that improve operations by improving driver skill or capability or those that use traffic control to decrease demand need further investigation. The base-lane concept which couples a new set of driving rules with a special pavement marking would improve capacity by improving the driver's utilization of the available roadway. A priority entry control strategy for freeway ramps is a way of reducing demand for KW - Cloverleaf interchanges KW - Freeway ramps KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway operations KW - Ramp metering KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Traffic KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/265974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395139 AU - Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission TI - REGULATION VESC-11 (VEHICLE EQUIPMENT SAFETY COMMISSION): MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF MOTORCYCLES. APPROVED AUGUST 1974, AMENDED AUGUST 1975 PY - 1975 SP - 12 p. AB - This standard concerns performance and equipment requirements of motorcycles manufactured on and after the effective date of the standard. Chassis requirements include those for the frame/chassis, brakes, tires, wheels, and rims, the steering and suspension systems, the fuel system, and the exhaust system. Body requirements cover mirrors, fenders, seat or saddle, chain guard, vehicle stand, glazing, horn, speedometer, and odometer. Lighting equipment is considered, as are such passenger safety items as the passenger seat, handhold, footrest, and highway bars. KW - Motorcycles KW - Regulations KW - Standards KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393728 AU - Ungar, I AU - Lewis, W AU - Schwartz, M AU - Long Beach Emergency Mobile Care System TI - LONG BEACH EMERGENCY MOBILE CARE SYSTEM. A COMMUNITY EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PROGRAM FOR LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA PY - 1975 SP - 191 p. AB - On 17 November 1972, the Long Beach Emergency Mobile Care System began operation in Long Beach, California, implementing the resources of four major community hospitals, four paramedic units (expanded to five in 1975), the Long Beach Fire Department, and private ambulance firms. The system is described in terms of: the need for an emergency medical services (EMS) system; the EMS system plan; system management; paramedic training; communications, transportation, and facilities; public education; paramedic evaluation; continuing education; and system analysis. The major factors contributing to the success of the Long Beach Emergency Mobile Care System are outlined. KW - Communications KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Education KW - Facilities KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Management KW - Programs KW - Systems analysis KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393732 AU - Iowa Governor's Emergency Medical Serv Adv Council TI - COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PLAN. STATE OF IOWA PY - 1975 SP - 168 p. AB - A plan is presented for the establishment of a system capable of delivering comprehensive emergency medical services (EMS) in an effective manner throughout Iowa. Background is given on Iowa EMS activities. State organization for EMS plan development and program implementation is discussed in terms of authority, staff structure, functional identification, EMS planning area identification, advisory groups, and legislation. Planning information is provided: EMS resources, demographics of the state, functional classification of the roadway system, economic and social conditions, and other factors (e.g. seasonal population variations). EMS standards presented are organizational, operational, personnel training, ambulances, rescue units, response time, communications, and hospital facilities. EMS deficiencies and needs, cooperation and coordination requirements, and program objective priorities are defined. The methodology is described for achieving specific objectives. A program implementation schedule is provided for the individual components: management, regionalization, physician and other professional input, manpower, training, communication, transportation, hospital emergency facilities, critical care units, public safety, consumer participation, accessibility to care, transfer of patients, standardized recordkeeping, public information and education, evaluation, disaster linkages, mutual aids, and legislation. Program resource and commitment summaries, a budget schedule for fiscal year 1976, and a description of the evaluation process are included. Appended are information on state organization for EMS plan development and program implementation, and planning information. KW - Communications KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Facilities KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Programs KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems analysis KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393731 AU - Handy, G H AU - Wisconsin Division of Health TI - EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEMS PLAN FOR THE STATE OF WISCONSIN PY - 1975 SP - 96 p. AB - A plan is presented for establishing an emergency medical services (EMS) system throughout Wisconsin. The state is described in terms of government, geographical features, climate, population, urbanized areas, socioeconomic conditions, distribution of medical personnel, and epidemiological characteristics. The existing EMS resources are described in terms of facilities, categorization of hospital emergency departments, ambulance services, communications, continuing education, public information, and treatment for psychiatric, drug abuse, and alcoholic patients. EMS system needs are defined for manpower, training, communications, transportation, facilities, critical care units, public safety agencies, consumer participation, accessibility care, transfer of patients, medical recordkeeping, consumer information/education, evaluation, disaster, and aid agreements. Objectives to meet these needs and plans for their accomplishment are enumerated. The development of a plan for the provision of EMS by each of the eight areawide health planning agencies is addressed. The overall Wisconsin EMS program is discussed in terms of organizational structure, the responsibility of the Wisconsin Division of Health as the EMS agency for the state, the functions of the Bureau of Health Statistics and the Bureau of Health Facilities and Services, an EMS dispatcher orientation program, completion of the state microwave network, entrance level ambulance training, emergency medical technician ambulance funding, proposed staffing, and subcontracting with the areawide health planning agencies. KW - Communications KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Education KW - Facilities KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Programs KW - Systems analysis KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394076 AU - Massey, R G AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - THE POLICE PATROL CAR: STATE OF THE ART PY - 1975 SP - 41 p. AB - A state-of-the-art assessment of the police patrol car discusses patrol car functions, vehicle performance characteristics, vehicle subsystem problems affecting police mission performance, patrol car acquisition, vehicle performance testing, vehicles in current use as patrol cars, new developments and vehicle fleet management. Considering that the basic function of a patrol car is to provide transportation for the patrolman, it is concluded that currently available vehicles are reasonably adequate, particularly if the law enforcement agency elects to use the vehicles offered by manufacturers as "police cars." Problems do exist in using currently available automobiles for patrol purposes. There is a reluctance on the part of some departments to convert to smaller cars (the current industry trend) in spite of economic advantages. Police agencies lack vehicle performance criteria, and, when purchasing patrol cars, write design specifications to indirectly specify performance requirements. Many necessary performance test methods are lacking. Tire information, specifically oriented to police requirements, is not readily available. Patrol car performance is being reduced (speed, acceleration, gasoline mileage), while maintenance costs are increasing. Some Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards appear to run counter to police patrol operational needs (e.g. seat belt interlock system resulting in increased emergency response time). On the other hand, special safety standards for patrol cars appear to be justified for protection against many additional sharp or protruding objects found in a police car. KW - Fleet management KW - Police vehicles KW - State of the art studies KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicle tests KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393734 AU - North Central Area Health Planning Association TI - PHYSICAL HEALTH. SEC. 3. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PY - 1975 SP - 39 p. AB - The North Central Area Health Planning Association and its role in formulating an emergency medical services (EMS) plan for North Central Wisconsin, the purpose of the plan, and the scope and problem of EMS are outlined. Standards are presented for the following EMS components: ambulance services, communications, training, hospital emergency departments, and mass casualty situations. The current status of available EMS resources in the north central area is defined for hospitals, ambulances, ambulance attendants, ambulance/hospital review committees, and record systems. An EMS plan for the area presents goals, rationales, short-term and intermediate objectives, and suggested implementors. Appended are supporting materials (ambulance report form, maps indicating status of EMS in the area, and statistical data on area ambulances/attendants). KW - Communications KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Planning KW - Standards KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393730 AU - Meyer, J W AU - Lake Winnebago Area Emergency Medical Serv Council TI - LAKE WINNEBAGO AREA EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PLAN PY - 1975 SP - 218 p. AB - A plan for emergency medical services (EMS) is presented for the eight-county Lake Winnebago area, Wisconsin; it will comprise Chapter 3 of the Area Health Facilities and Services Plan. Inadequacies in the current EMS system are outlined, as well as efforts for improvement. Background and recent activities of the Lake Winnebago Area EMS Council are reviewed. The EMS system components (transportation, communications, training, public education, hospitals) and system operation are described, as well as the current status of available EMS resources. Immediate, short-range, intermediate, and long-range goals of the EMS system are enumerated. Standards and criteria are presented for the EMS system components, and their priority indicated. Recommendations based on the standards are presented, and considerations for their implementation are examined, together with implementation timetables. Program and patient outcome evaluations are addressed. Appendices cover: guidelines for continuing education programs for ambulance emergency medical technicians; plans for EMS in Fond du Lac, Marquette, and Waushara counties; the Wisconsin ambulance reporting system; Wisconsin EMS legislation; emergency care capabilities of area hospitals; central dispatch and universal entry points; the emergency telephone number (911); essential equipment for ambulances; and geographic and economic profiles of the Lake Winnebago area counties. A bibliography is appended. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Guidelines KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Recommendations KW - Standards KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems analysis KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390958 AU - Mota Soares, C A AU - PETYT, M AU - Southampton University, England TI - FINITE ELEMENT DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MIXED ROTATING AND NON-ROTATING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (TURBOMACHINERY) PY - 1975 SP - 56 p. AB - A finite element model is developed for the dynamic analysis of mixed rotating and nonrotating structural systems which is capable of predicting the natural frequencies, vibration modes, transient response, static stress, and dynamic stress of the system. The dynamic coupling between the oscillations of the rotor and bladed discs are considered. The transient response of the model is calculated by a modified modal analysis technique, which considers the gyroscopic, damping, and unsymmetric stiffness terms as forcing functions dependent on the displacement and its velocity at the previous time step. For this particular problem the technique is superior to any of the direct integration methods of transient response. KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Finite element method KW - Turbines KW - Turbomachinery UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206401 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368822 AU - THORSON, J AU - Hakan Ohlssons TI - LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PY - 1975 SP - 91 p. AB - The Uppsala hospital region contains about 1/6 of the Swedish population and has been used for in-patient statistics since 1964. With the aid of these statistics it has been possible to study a sizeable and controlled body of material relating to inpatients from traffic accidents. The population at risk were the inhabitants of the Uppsala hospital region. The population was the number of in-patients cared for in 1 year, 1965-1966. It comprised 2500 people. From this group a sample of 830 individuals were examined by post, by telephone and in 429 cases, by means of an interview and physical examination which were conducted in the patient's home. The project also included a methodological study. The main result of the study is that 51% are suffering from some sort of after-effect of the original injury 5 years after the accident and 38% of the patients had moderate physical sequelae. KW - Age KW - Children KW - Disabling injury KW - Driver age KW - Drivers KW - Injury characteristics KW - Long term KW - Physical condition KW - Physical disabilities KW - Psychological aspects KW - Time duration KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/182677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368403 AU - Buchanan, L S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PROBLEMS IN MOTORCYCLE SAFETY PY - 1975 SP - 15 p. AB - Motorcycle safety is examined in terms of increased motorcycle registrations, accident risk, lack of accident data, accident data useful to traffic engineers, improvements to the motorcycling environment, planning and design of facilities, road construction and maintenance, and signing. Consideration of motorcycles in all areas of traffic safety will become increasingly important as cycle usage grows in response to fuel shortages and higher fuel costs. Adequate accident data must be generated in order to develop effective countermeasures. Because motorcycles are energy-efficient vehicles, their use should be facilitated via special parking facilities, use of all limited access roadways, and use of bus/bike lanes in cities and express lanes on freeways. More attention should be given to the skid resistance of road surfaces (including manhole covers, lane markings, steel bridge gratings, and temporary surfaces such as planking and steel plates). Prompt removal of roadway debris is an essential part of a motorcycle safety program. Project engineers must give greater consideration to cyclist safety at construction and maintenance sites. Existing environment hazards must be identified and corrected; where correction is not economically feasible, adequate advance warning signs should be erected. KW - Bus lanes KW - Countermeasures KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Freeways KW - Hazards KW - Motorcycles KW - Parking KW - Skid resistance KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/182424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367295 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Mason, R L AU - Swiercinsky, T H AU - Hutchinson, J W AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Kentucky Research Foundation TI - ACCIDENT ANALYSIS--BREAKAWAY AND NON-BREAKAWAY POLES, INCLUDING SIGN AND LIGHT STANDARDS ALONG HIGHWAYS. PHASE 1 REPORT (METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION) PY - 1975 SP - 358 p. AB - The complete methodology is summarized for the data collection plan, including sample size and processing of all data, as well as the specific forms to be used for a study on the accident analysis of breakway and nonbreakaway poles for sign and light standards along highways. Also included is an extensive literature review of the state-of-the-art in design and development of luminaire supports, sign supports, and utility poles. Appended are abstracts and references for the state-of-the-art report, a copy of the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J224a Collision Deformation Classification, procedure for application of the Occupant Injury Classification, a preliminary draft of the Abbreviated Injury Scale, dictionaries and field forms, a variable list for vehicle and occupant computer files, and a sample accountability form. KW - Breakaway supports KW - Crash analysis KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Lighting columns KW - Luminaires KW - Sign structures KW - Sign supports KW - Signs KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic crashes KW - Utility poles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361566 AU - Buchanan, L S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE NHTSA'S (NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION'S) VIEW OF MOTORCYCLE CRASH INJURY REDUCTION PY - 1975 SP - 17 p. AB - The anticipated growth in motorcycle and moped usage because of gasoline cost and availability, and the accompanying increase in motorcycle accidents and casualties, are addressed. There is a lack of motorcycle accident data; the National Hwy. Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is sponsoring the first multidisciplinary investigation of motorcycle crashes in the U.S. (a two-year study of 900 accidents to be conducted by the Univ. of Southern California). The motoring public must be informed about the inherent hazards of motorcycle use. The best long-term approach to motorcycle safety is through crash avoidance programs. Countermeasures include operator licensing and testing programs, education and training, and improved motorcycle/rider conspicuity. Continued emphasis on motorcycle safety helmets and other protective apparel to minimize injuries is supported. Other NHTSA motorcycle safety activities are reviewed: nine Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, compliance testing, and safety defect investigations; and safety research projects (e.g. state-of-the-art study; development of training and testing materials, operator hearing and vision requirements, and improved brakes and tires; and analysis of crash dynamics). KW - Brakes KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Driver education KW - Driver licensing KW - Helmets KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Mopeds KW - Motorcycles KW - Safety KW - Tires KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361568 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL HIGHWAY SAFETY FORECAST AND ASSESSMENT. A 1985 TRAFFIC SAFETY SETTING PY - 1975 SP - 63 p. AB - The first annual National Hwy. Safety Forecast and Assessment presents a broad picture and specific environmental and traffic parameters expected in 1985 (using 1972 as the base year). The purpose is to set the framework within which national five-year highway safety plans can be developed. Trends are projected for the following exposure factors: alcohol, vehicle mix, speed, gross exposure factors (population, drivers, registrations, vehicle miles), young drivers, older drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists. Unless greater progress is made in developing and implementing effective countermeasures, the traffic safety outlook for 1985 is for much heavier losses on the nation's roadways, the fifty-five mile per hour speed limit notwithstanding. KW - Countermeasures KW - Forecasting KW - Planning KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197541 AU - Byrd, R AU - Allen, J AU - Utah Department of Public Safety AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION. ANALYTICAL STUDY NUMBER SEVEN. UTAH ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECT (ASAP) PY - 1975 SP - 43 p. AB - The report assesses the public relations campaign, conducted by the Utah Alcohol Safety Action Project. The objectives, audiences, strategies, themes, and performance for each campaign item are indicated. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Attitudes KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Evaluation KW - Information dissemination KW - Instructional materials KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Manuals KW - Mass communication KW - Mass media KW - Performance KW - Project management KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public opinion KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Safety education KW - Strategy KW - Surveys KW - Traffic safety KW - Training KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00127273 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRI-LEVEL ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. LEVEL 3-A INJURY CAUSATION. VOLUME 4 PY - 1975 AB - This report briefly introduces and describes the Tri-level Accident Investigation concept. Basically, three levels of information are collected: (1) exposure and accident rate information; (2) accident information on a large sample of accidents not normally collected by the police; (3) multidisciplinary in-depth information collected on a small sample of accidents by a team of professionals. This report specifically contains Level 3A accident summaries from the Tri-level Study being conducted by Calspan Corporation (formerly Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory) and sponsored by the NHTSA. These summaries are brief descriptions of injury-producing accidents investigated by the Calspan Team to determine the specific injuries incurred and identify the interior components which caused such injuries. This volume contains summaries of 54 Injury Causation cases. Subsequent summaries will be published which will contain different case reports under this contract. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash rates KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099309 AU - Kahane, C J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - USAGE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SEAT AND SHOULDER BELTS IN RURAL PENNSYLVANIA ACCIDENTS PY - 1974/12/12 SP - 69 p. AB - This report presents an analysis of lap-belt and shoulder- belt usage and effectiveness in rural Pennsylvania accidents. The data were collected by the Pennsylvania State Police under an agreement with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The collection took place in late 1971 and early 1972 and it employed the Bilevel technique. The results obtained in this study show that safety belts are highly effective in reducing occupant injuries and fatalities. In general, the results are similar to previous studies using police-reported data. There is a discussion of ejection during the crash and its effect on injury rates. A model for estimating the extent and the significance of incorrect lap-belt usage reporting is developed. KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Ejection KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant restraint KW - Prevention KW - Restraint systems KW - Rural highways KW - Safety KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452417 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL DRIVER REHABILITATION PROGRAMS PY - 1974/12 SP - 73 p. AB - The 1968 legislative enactment of the New York State Law which became Article 21 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law authorizes the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles to establish experimental driver rehabilitation programs for licensees subject to license suspension or revocation. Article 21 also created a Driver Rehabilitation Advisory Board to advise the Commissioner in his planning deliberations. Initially, programs recommended by the Board and authorized by the Commissioner were established in New York City and Monroe County in 1970. A Nassau County "Alcohol Countermeasure Program", administered by the Nassau County Traffic Safety Board and restricted to alcohol related convictions, was approved in 1971. A "DWI Counterattack" program, also concerned only with alcohol related convictions, was instituted in Erie, Onondaga and Westchester counties in 1971 as a joint effort of the Department of Motor Vehicles and the New York State Automobile Association. A Suffolk County DWI Rehabilitation Program became operational in May, 1973. This publication reports the findings from these experimental efforts. KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver license revocation KW - Driver license suspension KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - New York (State) KW - Rehabilitation KW - Revocation KW - Suspensions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090177 AU - MACKIE, R R AU - O'Hanlon, J F AU - McCauley, M AU - Human Factors Research, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY OF HEAT, NOISE, AND VIBRATION IN RELATION TO DRIVER PERFORMANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS PY - 1974/12 SP - 263 p. AB - Three experimental studies were conducted on the highway to determine the effects of heat, noise, and vibration on the driving performance, subjective feelings of alertness and fatigue, and physiological signs of stress among drivers of passenger cars and trucks. Heat stress was shown to significantly affect both driver performance and various indices of central nervous system arousal felt to be important to driving safety. Different levels of noise and vibration stress, typical of many trucking operations, did not differentially affect driver performance. However, it was shown that the noise stress was sufficient to induce permanent hearing loss in some drivers and that the amount of vibration stress, unless compensated for by properly designed seats, was borderline with respect to current standards for 'fatigue-decreased proficiency.' A review of pertinent literature on stress and human reactions to it is included. KW - Alertness KW - Attention KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Heat KW - Heat stress KW - Noise KW - Performance human KW - Personnel performance KW - Prevention KW - Psychological aspects KW - Safety KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Stress (Psychology) KW - Stresses KW - Truck drivers KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090336 AU - Rodeheaver, K D AU - Cole, C W AU - Virginia International Testing Laboratories, Inc AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UNIFORM TIRE QUALITY GRADING TREADWEAR PY - 1974/12 SP - 10 p. AB - The report compares a conventional automobile tire tread stock against a lesser wearing tread stock for UTQG-treadwear testing. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Experimental design KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Rates per time KW - Ratings KW - Tests KW - Tire treads KW - Tires KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090110 AU - Noble, E P AU - Orange County Medical Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TESTING FOR A 'SOBERING PILL' PY - 1974/12 SP - 51 p. AB - The concept of blocking or neutralizing the effect of alcohol on the brain was investigated in a series of human tests. It was found that pharmacological agents which stimulate the dopaminergic system tend to neutralize the alcohol reduced performance impairment. KW - Adrenergics KW - Alcohols KW - Ammonium halides KW - Autonomic agents KW - Bioassay KW - Brain KW - Cns stimulants KW - Dopamine KW - Drug therapy KW - Drugs KW - Ephedrine KW - Ethanol KW - Human beings KW - Neutralizing KW - Pharmacology KW - Stimulants KW - Testing KW - Therapy KW - Vitamins UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090117 AU - Demos, G AU - Kazel, S AU - Carlson, R AU - Viergutz, O AU - Morita, D AU - IIT Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE RADAR BRAKING SYSTEM INVESTIGATION (PHASE I) PY - 1974/12 SP - 307 p. AB - The subject areas receiving special attention in the study, were: (1) identification and analysis of the manner in which driver, driving environment, and vehicle characteristics in conjunction with radar braking objectives, affect the requirements of the system, (2) characterization of the subsystems of the radar braking concepts as to the function, tradeoffs, alternative implementation, and technology limitations, (3) appraisal of the current state-of-the-art in radar braking techniques and systems, (4) generation of candidate braking systems and radar techniques, and (5) analysis of accident statistics to determine the relative benefits of the candidate system configurations. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Ethylene resins KW - Performance tests KW - Polyethylene KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Radiation hazards KW - Research KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090195 AU - Boyer, R C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEMS TEST PROCEDURE. HYDRAULIC BRAKES PY - 1974/12 SP - 269 p. AB - The objectives of the program were to refine the test procedures and test conditions specified in FMVSS 105a and to determine the degree to which current production commercial vehicles comply with the 1976 model year requirements. Seven vehicles ranging from a 1973 Chevelle Station Wagon (GVWR: 5,160 pounds) to a 1974 Ford LT-800 truck (GVWR: 37,000 pounds), all equipped with a split hydraulic braking system, were tested. The heavier vehicles had more difficulty meeting the 105a effectiveness requirements than the lighter vehicles. Performance on fade and recovery tests was similar for all vehicles. KW - Effectiveness KW - Hydraulic brakes KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Test procedures KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090037 AU - Carnahan, J E AU - Michigan State University, East Lansing AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF COURSE AND MATERIALS FOR TRAINING IN DWI LAW ENFORCEMENT: DETECTION, APPREHENSION AND TESTIMONY PY - 1974/12 SP - 79 p. AB - The report summarizes the nature, scope and procedures utilized in the development of a student oriented instructional program for training police officers in DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) enforcement. Instructional materials were prepared and tested in four field trials, revised where necessary, and prepared for mass distribution and program implementation. The entire training package consists of an Instructor's Manual, Student Manual, Course Guide, Instructional Aids Packet (audio-visual materials), and an Evaluation Aids Packet. Fifty-four problem solving situations are depicted on 16mm film; four mock trial segments are on VTR; numerous other visuals and student and course evaluation forms were prepared. The complete instructional package is necessary to conduct a training course. KW - Alcoholism KW - Curricula KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Manuals KW - Police KW - Problem solving KW - Programmed instruction KW - Specialized training KW - Visual aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090046 AU - Alexander, G H AU - Conrad, R E AU - Neale, M R AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DETERMINATION OF THE TRADEOFFS BETWEEN SAFETY, WEIGHT, AND COST OF POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS TO VEHICLES STRUCTURE AND RESTRAINTS PY - 1974/12 SP - 271 p. AB - The technical feasibility of building an automobile capable of providing increase in occupant protection while still handling, and performing like contemporary production vehicles has been demonstrated by the Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESV) Program. However, in recognition of the serious weight increases incurred by the various ESV fabricators in attempting to meet the stringent crash-worthiness specification, the reported study was made to obtain additional data which could be utilized in relating potential safety benefits to weight and cost penalties in subsequent ESV programs involving a spectrum of private passenger vehicles. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Cost engineering KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Energy absorption KW - Evaluation KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Improvements KW - Materials research KW - Materials science KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety vehicles KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural members KW - Survival KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle tests KW - Weight KW - Weight mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090112 AU - JEX, H R AU - Allen, R W AU - DiMarco, R J AU - McRuer, D T AU - Systems Technology, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL IMPAIRMENT OF PERFORMANCE ON STEERING AND DISCRETE TASKS IN A DRIVING SIMULATOR. PART I. EFFECT OF TASK LOADING. PART II MODERATE VS. HEAVY DRINKERS PY - 1974/12 SP - 64 p. AB - A simplified laboratory simulator was developed to test two types of tasks used in driving on the open road: a continuous 'steering task' to regulate against gust induced disturbances and an intermittent 'discrete response task' requiring detection, scanning, recognition, and motor response typical of, for example, horn or brake operations. The development of the simulator, the behavioral and performance measures, and some basic effects of blood alcohol concentrations of up to 0.11 BAC on a mixed group of 18 moderate and heavy drinkers is given. The differences between the driving and discrete tasks both alone and combined, are studied. The objective of the program, was to examine the differences in alcohol impairment of driving performance between 'moderate' and 'heavy' drinkers. KW - Alcohols KW - Alertness KW - Attention KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Blood analysis KW - Blood chemical analysis KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving simulators KW - Motor reactions KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance measurement KW - Personnel performance KW - Reaction time KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Traffic safety KW - Training simulators UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25351/DOT-HS-801-302.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090050 AU - GARRETT, J W AU - Braisted, R C AU - Morris, D F AU - Hendricks, D L AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Motor Vehicles Manufacturers Association TI - TRI-LEVEL ACCIDENT RESEARCH STUDY. ANNUAL REPORT 1, 1973-DECEMBER 31, 1973) PY - 1974/12 SP - 104 p. AB - The study was conducted in the eight-county Western New York area known as the Niagara Frontier. The report describes the program and the data collected. One research report entitled 'Factors Influencing the Performance of the Energy Absorbing Steering Column in Accidents', and three data presentations, based on study data were completed. The presentation subjects were: Truck accidents, restraint system use, and severe injury accidents. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Information processing KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New York (State) KW - Research KW - Safety equipment KW - Steering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084750 AU - Talvitie, A AU - Neal, A AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A ROUTE COST MODEL FOR BUS PY - 1974/11 SP - 39 p. AB - In this report, a cost model is developed for calculating total variable cost, by route, for a bus system. The model is designed to predict the total variable cost, by route, as a function of three variables: (1) vehicles; (2) vehicle-miles; and (3) operation days. The financial statements of the system under study are analyzed and the various costs are allocated to the variable with which they vary. The purpose of the model is to provide transit managers and transportation planners with a more rational framework for comparison of costs of alternative plans or operating policies than is being used at present. Also, the model will provide for the calculation of marginal cost fares, by route. The type of pricing will, according to the authors, insure that the transit company covers its costs at any particular level of service. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Costs KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operating costs KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Variables KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090115 AU - BAIRD, J D AU - Sublett, F L AU - Parkinson, G A AU - AUSTIN, E AU - BROWNE, S AU - University of Southern California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS. PHASE III PY - 1974/11 SP - 416 p. AB - The report is a summarization of a comprehensive and systematic in-depth study of 120 Multidisciplinary Accident Investigations, 40 in each of Phases I, II, and III, that occurred in the Southern California area. The research was a team effort of engineers, physicians, psychologists, automotive engineers, a pathologist, a mathematician, technicians, an analyst, secretaries, graduate and undergraduate students. The research includes a study of procedures utilized in investigating and reporting all collision involved aspects of the transportation system - the vehicle, environment, and human, during each phase of the collision - pre-, at, and post-crash. Findings, conclusions, and recommendations are presented, based on data from the 120 cases. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Design standards KW - Highways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090119 AU - Hurst, W S AU - Scroger, M G AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INFLUENCE OF WINDSHIELD TINT ON THE TEMPERATURE IN AUTOMOBILE PASSENGER COMPARTMENTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 113 p. AB - The effect of tinting the glass of windshields on the air temperature in automobile passenger compartments was investigated. Measurements were performed with two nearly identical vehicles, one equipped with tinted windshield glass and one equipped with clear windshield glass. All other glass in both vehicles was tinted. Tests were performed statically, with the cars parked facing south, and dynamically, with the cars driven at approximately 80 km/h. In the static tests, the interior air temperatures as determined by liquid-in-glass thermometers were typically 2 to 3C cooler in the vehicle with the tinted windshield. In the dynamic tests, the differences in the interior air temperatures were smaller, typically about 0.5 to 1.5C. The interior air temperature differences determined with thermocouples varied with the thermocouple position. KW - Automobiles KW - Color KW - Glass KW - Measurement KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Temperature KW - Tints /materials/ KW - Transmittance KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090339 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 5, NUMBER 6 PY - 1974/11 SP - 264 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090116 AU - Mill, R A AU - WILLIAMS, M L AU - Purswell, J L AU - Ice, J N AU - Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION - OKLAHOMA PY - 1974/11 SP - 344 p. AB - The Oklahoma Multidisciplinary Automobile Accident Investigation Team conducted in-depth analyses of 40 accidents involving late model motor vehicles. The final summary report includes a description of the investigative procedures, case summaries, a discussion of the results, and an evaluation of the current Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Highway Safety Program Standards. The major conclusion from this research was that the most frequently occurring type of accident was that in which the major cause was the failure of the driver to perceive, process and react to informational data, which far outranked defects in the environment or the vehicle. A second conclusion was that the degree of injury was increased by the failure of occupants to utilize available restraint systems. It was also concluded that the area responsible for Automobile Inspection has been lagging. KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Failure KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Metal scrap KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Scrap metal KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090338 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 5, NUMBER 4 PY - 1974/11 SP - 251 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the casual factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090340 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 5, NUMBER 7 PY - 1974/11 SP - 341 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090113 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME 5. SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT PY - 1974/11 SP - 28 p. AB - The volume presents material that supplements the four-volume final report dated March 24, 1974. Included are updated statistical data, background material, and recommendations and conclusions. The report was orally presented to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration staff on September 20, 1974 in Washington, D.C. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090039 AU - Reese, J H AU - Beaney, W M AU - BLUMENTHAL, M AU - Ross, H L AU - Tiffany, L P AU - Denver University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE DRINKING DRIVER: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE LEGAL MANAGEMENT OF A SOCIAL PROBLEM. PART I PY - 1974/11 SP - 294 p. AB - The study has taken an interdisciplinary approach to the drinking driver problem. These disciplines include problem management, the police, the courts, the administrative agency and related topics. In addition, the utility is analyzed of a number of potential legislative alcohol countermeasures. The study includes drafts of model legislation for the implementation of these unit concepts. KW - Alcoholism KW - Courts KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Licenses KW - Management information systems KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Organizations KW - Penalties KW - Planning KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Problem solving KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - State government KW - State programs KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090045 AU - KERANEN, T W AU - Schwartz, H W AU - Jacko, M J AU - Tarr, W R AU - Leung, C K AU - Bendix Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPONENT DEGRADATION: BRAKING SYSTEM. VOLUME II PY - 1974/11 SP - 432 p. AB - The program determined the effects of selected modes of disc-and drum-brake component degradation on vehicle braking performance. The results are used to recommend brake-component and system-performance limits of degradation. An inertial brake dynamometer was used to evaluate physically the effects of thin friction materials, friction-material wear characteristics, effects of friction material contamination, and the effects of heat spots, rotor scoring, out-of-round drums and disc lateral runout. The other major tasks were the evaluation of side-to-side brake imbalance with vehicle-handling models and vehicle tests conducted with sample drivers and the analytical determination of inspection criteria for brake system proportioning (front-to-rear ratio) and brake pedal reserve. KW - Automobiles KW - Brake linings KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Degradation KW - Disc brakes KW - Drum brakes KW - Durability KW - Effectiveness KW - Friction tests KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Motor vehicles KW - Performance tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082943 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS-DETAILED REPORTS FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1974 PY - 1974/11 SP - 669 p. AB - The document contains the details of recall campaigns, submitted by vehicle and equipment manufacturers. KW - Automobiles KW - Defects KW - Equipment KW - Recall campaigns KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22479 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082951 AU - Blomberg, R D AU - Hale, A AU - Kearney, E F AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL REGULATIONS FOR PEDESTRIAN SAFETY PY - 1974/11 SP - 281 p. AB - Nine model regulations to improve pedestrian safety are presented. Each is targeted at one or more specific types of pedestrian accidents identified in previous research and is intended for codification with existing state or municipal vehicle and traffic codes. The regulations were developed and subjected to public/official acceptance testing through a mailed survey. The final regulations contained in the report are based on detailed analysis tempered by the survey results. In addition, implementation considerations for each regulation are discussed. The nine regulations cover: ice cream vending; road work sites; freeway vehicle stops; bus stop location; parking near intersections and crosswalks; vehicle overtaking; on street parking in new or redeveloped residential areas; pedestrian accident information and countermeasures; and backing signals. KW - Bus stops KW - Codification KW - Construction sites KW - Crosswalks KW - Data collection KW - Laws KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Prevention KW - Public opinion KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082920 AU - Sterling-Smith, R S AU - Boston University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A PSYCHOSOCIAL ANALYSIS OF OPERATORS INVOLVED IN FATAL MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 41 p. AB - The report includes the results from the Boston Special Study Accident Investigation Team which has been researching the human factors associated with the most responsible operators involved in fatal motor vehicle accidents in the greater Boston area since September 1971. The areas of primary interest presented in these findings include: basic demographic statistics; psychosocial, physiological and legal history evaluations; an analysis of the use of alcohol, marijuana and other drugs; and human factors associated with the accident. The report includes findings on 175 cases. /NTIS/ KW - Alcohols KW - Crash analysis KW - Demographics KW - Drugs KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors KW - Marijuana KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Psychological aspects KW - Social factors KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082927 AU - KERANEN, T W AU - Schwartz, H W AU - Facko, M J AU - Tarr, W R AU - Leung, C K AU - Bendix Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COMPONENT DEGRADATION: BRAKING SYSTEM. VOLUME 1 REPORT PY - 1974/11 SP - 22 p. AB - The program determined the effects of selected modes of disc- and drum-brake component degradation on vehicle braking performance. The results are used to recommend brake-component and system-performance limits of degradation. In this program an inertial brake dynamometer was used to evaluate physically the effects of thin friction materials, friction-material wear characteristics, effects of friction material contamination, and the effects of heat spots, rotor scoring, out-of-round drums and disc lateral runout. Also physically evaluated were sticky wheel cylinders. The other major tasks were the evaluation of side-to-side brake imbalance with vehicle-handling models and vehicle test conducted with sample drivers and the analytical determination of inspection criteria for brake system proporting (front-to-rear ratio) and brake pedal reserve. /NTIS/ KW - Brake linings KW - Brake pedals KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Disc brakes KW - Drum brakes KW - Dynamometers KW - Friction KW - Inspection KW - Motor vehicles KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080645 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A PROCEDURE MANUAL FOR A RAPID-RESPONSE SYSTEM TO GENERATE HIGHWAY CRASH DATA PY - 1974/11 SP - 115 p. AB - The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) uses a multilevel approach for collecting the accident-related data it requires. The bi-level methodology consists of adding specialized data elements to a standard police accident reporting form. This approach yielded valuable data but suffered from lengthy delays between the identification of an information void and the point where aggregated and analyzed data were available. The purpose of the study was to analyze the bi-level methodology and to re-design it to eliminate the delays which had characterized it. The goal was to produce a system more responsive to NHTSA's need for timely data. The result was the rapid-responsive system (RRS). The document presents a detailed exposition of the procedures to be used in the RRS. These procedures have been field tested. KW - Crash reports KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Records management KW - Time KW - Time factor UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080960 AU - BURGER, W J AU - Beggs, J D AU - Smith, R L AU - Wulfeck, J W AU - Dunlap and Associates, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STUDIES IN MOTOR VEHICLE REAR VISION: II. EVALUATION OF INNOVATIONS IN PASSENGER CAR AND TRUCK REAR VIEW SYSTEMS PY - 1974/11 SP - 237 p. AB - Twelve innovative and one conventional passenger vehicle rear vision systems and three innovative truck rear vision systems were evaluated using driver information gathering behavior as the primary criterion measure. Systems were evaluated under actual on-the-road conditions, in freeway and city street environments, both day and night. In addition two ESV-mounted periscope systems were evaluated under simulated roadway conditions. Estimates of rear vision area criticality were derived using subjective judgment scaling techniques. Specific design factors, e.g., display location, multiple vantage points, minification are discussed. KW - Automobiles KW - Night vision KW - Rear view KW - Rearview mirrors KW - Trucks KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080643 AU - Ryder, M O AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE CRASH SENSORS--EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1974/11 SP - 35 p. AB - Results of an investigation of post-contact crash sensing techniques are reported. The study included a survey of crash sensor technology, and experimental testing of crash sensing devices. Testing included full-scale crash tests of unmodified vehicles instrumented with crash sensors and accelerometers. Laboratory bench testing of crash sensors was conducted employing a centrifuge device to determine static bias levels and a Linear Accelerator apparatus to provide dynamic performance information. In addition an induction coil crash sensing device which actuates a squib power circuit when the relative velocity between the vehicle and its front bumper exceeds a pre-selected threshold was developed. KW - Accelerometers KW - Air bags KW - Constraints KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash sensors KW - Crashes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090552 AU - May, G W AU - BAKER, W E AU - University of New Mexico, Albuquerque AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION CASE NO. UMM 102. CHARTER BUS/RUN OFF THE ROAD PY - 1974/10/25 SP - 158 p. AB - The report is an in-depth multidisciplinary study of an accident involving a 1966 Blue Bird charter bus with 42 occupants. The driver was unable to keep the bus under control on a long, steep downgrade and it finally left the roadway and ran down the side of a small steep canyon. The bus left the roadway at less than 30 MPH, and did not turn over. One passenger was fatally injured and the rest sustained minor to moderate injuries. KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - New Mexico KW - Research KW - Slopes KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094628 AU - Ritter, T E AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRUCK SPLASH AND SPRAY TESTS AT MADRAS, OREGON PY - 1974/10/15 SP - 32 p. AB - During the week of July 15-19, 1974, a series of tests was run at Madras, Oregon to evaluate a number of devices designed to suppress the spray created by trucks on wet roads. The tests, supervised by members of the Western States Subcommittee on Splash and Spray, were documented with movie film that covered the devices and tests. Good correlation resulted between the spray data obtained with a photometer set up at the test site and the data obtained by performing densitometer analyses of photographic negatives taken at the test site. The spray data determined the relative effectiveness of the various experimental spray suppressor devices, showing that none of the devices tested reduced the road spray a significant amount. The best of the four devices reduced the spray 15 to 20 percent relative to the standard bogie vehicle. KW - Data KW - Densitometers KW - Drainage KW - Equipment KW - Negatives /photographic/ KW - Photographic materials KW - Photography KW - Photometers KW - Road tests KW - Shielding KW - Splash KW - Splashing KW - Sprayers KW - Spraying KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traffic safety KW - Trucks KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080959 AU - Nichols, J L AU - Reis, R E AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ONE MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF ASAP REHABILITATION EFFORT PY - 1974/10 SP - 98 p. AB - The relative effectiveness of Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAP) modalities was inferred from recidivism defined as re-arrest for Drinking While Intoxicated (DWI) after entry into a rehabilitation modality. The first phase of the investigation employed a principal components analysis to examine the organizational characteristics of 44 alcohol safety schools and 32 group therapies employed by 27 ASAP sites. Alcohol safety schools were then grouped, through hierarchical clustering analysis, into organizationally homogeneous types of schools. In the second phase of the study, recidivism rates for various drinker and school types were examined. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcoholism KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Recidivism UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25350/DOT-HS-801-244.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080447 AU - Wild, R E AU - TIELKING, J T AU - Fancher, P S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TWO PROBLEMS IN TIRE SHEAR FORCE EVALUATION: THE INFLUENCE OF WHEEL DECELERATION RATE OF BRAKING FORCE AND A METHODOLOGY FOR OBTAINING TIRE SIDE FORCE NUMERICS PY - 1974/10 SP - 49 p. AB - The report deals with the influence of wheel deceleration rate on the braking force produced by pneumatic tires, and numerics for evaluating the lateral force performance of pneumatic tires. It is found that the maximum braking force obtained from passenger car tires operated on wet surfaces can be significantly affected by wheel deceleration rate. Three numerics have been chosen to provide a safety-relevant condensation of tire lateral force data. These numerics are cornering stiffness at rated load and inflation pressure, maximum lateral force at 40 mph on representative wet surfaces and the rate of change of maximum lateral force evaluated at 40 mph on the same wet surfaces. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098840 AU - Anderson, T E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILE INTERIOR DESIGN CHANGES ON INJURY RISK PY - 1974/10 SP - 39 p. AB - Objectives of this study were to examine: the changes in injury source rankings associated with introduction of the major safety orientated component modifications; the effectiveness of the Energy Absorbing steering system; the influence of the head restraint on whiplash injury. Data pertaining to 1 and 2-car collisions involving American make automobiles manufactured between 1960 and 1973 were used in this study. These data were selected from the files of Calspan's Tri-Level Accident Study and Automobile Crash Injury Research Program. Major injury source were ranked in terms of potential injury hazard for pre- (1960-65) and post-standard vehicles (1968-73, with major safety modifications). The head restraint and EA system were examined by comparing the differences in injury incidence and severity between equipped and unequipped vehicles. Little change was recorded for injury source rankings between pre and post standards vehicles for injuries classified as minor. For serious injury, decreases in injury hazard associated with the instrument panel, wind-shield, and steering assembly were evident. For overall injury, the EA system was demonstrated effective in reducing injury risk for lap belted drivers, and relatively ineffective for unrestrained drivers. As far as individual injury types, results were similar for unrestrained and lap belted drivers. Recorded were decrease in injury risk of head injury and no influence on thorax injury risk. Some of the safety modifications have been effective in reducing occupant injury risk. The influence of the EA system on head and chest injury indicates the need for good injury data and detailed accident information for this type of analysis. /Author/ KW - Energy absorption KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems KW - Steering gears KW - Vehicle design KW - Whiplash UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082928 AU - Langolf, G D AU - Mourant, R R AU - FISHER, J AU - Wayne State University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SPECIFICATION OF CONTROL ILLUMINATION LIMITS PY - 1974/10 SP - 84 p. AB - this project was instituted to determine minimum and maximum limits of vehicle control lable illumination and to recommend procedures for compliance testing. In order to establish a minimum brightness level, a psychophysical procedure was used to establish the 95 percent correctness threshold for 95 percent of older drivers (ages ranged from 45 to 67). The correctness threshold and subject response times were obtained over eight letter brightness levels, four letter sizes and three contrast ratios. The results showed that minimum brightness levels must be specified as a function of letter size and contrast ratio. /NTIS/ KW - Age KW - Automobiles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Brightness KW - Driver age KW - Driver perception KW - Driver vision KW - Drivers KW - Human factors KW - Instrument panels KW - Interior lighting KW - Lettering KW - Letters KW - Night visibility KW - Perception KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Vision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080954 AU - Wong, R E AU - Payne, D V AU - Grierson, W O AU - Troll, W C AU - Bendix Research Laboratories AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE RADAR BRAKING SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION: PHASE I STUDY PY - 1974/10 SP - 120 p. AB - The feasibility of an automotive radar braking system suitable for installation on all U.S. automobiles as standard equipment was investigated on the basis of utilizing state-of-the-art technology and demonstrating cost-effective performance in terms of preventing accidents otherwise caused by inattentive or tardy driver response. A technology survey identified several radar brake system concepts existing in demonstrable hardware and capable of automatically responding to and avoiding impact with obstacles on a collision course. To assess the cost-effectiveness of radar brakes, four generalized baseline systems were defined: Automatic/noncooperative; automatic/cooperative; semi-automatic/noncooperative; semi-automatic/cooperative. These four system types were then considered in regard to their effectiveness in preventing accidents of certain categories judged responsive to their respective performance capabilities. KW - Brakes KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Radar KW - Radar applications KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080957 AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPORMORPHIC TEST DUMMY. VOLUME II. DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1974/10 SP - 405 p. AB - The report, Volume II of III, describes the design, development, and testing activities in the development of the anthropomorphic test dummy. The system tests used to assess the test dummy's repeatability and reproducibility (R and R) are discussed. Also, the need for rigorous test procedures and equipment for evaluating R and R is identified. Test performance shows that achieved R and R as evaluated by the head and chest Sl's have a coefficient of variation of less than five percent. The test dummy's design is described including anthropomorphic and biomechanical consideration. Component biomechanical and hardware test procedures, equipment and test results are presented. KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - Injuries KW - Maintainability KW - Research KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080956 AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DUMMY. VOLUME I. PROGRAM SUMMARY-BACKGROUND AND RESULTS PY - 1974/10 SP - 64 p. AB - The report in three volumes summarizes the design, development and performance of an anthropomorphic test dummy. The many improved features of the Dummy are described. The marked improvement of repeatability and reproducibility of the Dummy are documented. The anthropometric and biomechanical basis of the design is described. Improvements of durability, maintainability, ease and cost of manufacture are treated. Improved system and component test procedures, equipment, and test results are presented. KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - Injuries KW - Maintainability KW - Research KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080958 AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DUMMY. VOLUME III. DESIGN DATA PACKAGE PY - 1974/10 SP - 53 p. AB - Volume III contains the information required to use and build the anthropomorphic test dummy. The user information includes descriptions, weights, ballasting procedures, adjustment information, and assembly instructions. Manufacturing requirements are detailed. Appendix A contains a complete parts list. Appendix C includes (under separate cover) complete engineering design drawings for manufacture and assembly of the Dummy. KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Dummies KW - Injuries KW - Maintainability KW - Research KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081180 AU - Anderson, T E AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER COMPARTMENT INTRUSION IN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS PY - 1974/10 SP - 28 p. AB - The study examines the influence of various accident parameters on (1) the probability of passenger compartment intrusion and (2) the relative ranking of intrusion sources (roof, door, etc.) in terms of frequency of occurrence. The injury hazard associated with compartment invasion was also examined. Data pertaining to one and two car collisions involving American make automobiles manufactured between 1968 and 1973 were used in the study. These data were selected from the files of the Tri-Level Accident Study. The incidence of passenger compartment intrusion (1 inch and over) was found to average approximately 50 percent in non-rollover crashes and approximately 97 percent in rollover crashes. The primary sources of intrusion recorded were the floor, dash panel, A-pillar and door (non-rollover collisions) and the roof, A-pillar and door (rollover collisions). For non-rollover impacts, the incidence of intrusion was found to increase with increases in accident severity. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Intrusion tests KW - Passengers KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080515 AU - Nichols, J L AU - Reis, R E AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - University of South Dakota, Vermillion TI - ONE MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF ASAP REHABILITATION EFFORTS PY - 1974/10 SP - 110 p. AB - The relative effectiveness of ASAP modalities was inferred from recidivism defined as re-arrest for DWI after entry into a rehabilitation modality. The first phase of this investigation employed a principal components analysis to examine the organizational characteristics of 44 alcohol safety schools and 32 group therapies employed by 27 ASAP sites. Alcohol safety schools were then grouped, through hierarchical clustering analysis, into organizationally homogeneous types of schools. In the second phase of the study, recidivism rates for various drinker and school types were examined. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk driving KW - Education KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Recidivism KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080961 AU - Haffner, M P AU - Melton, C H AU - National Highway Safety Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTHROMORPHIC DUMMY JOINTS PY - 1974/10 SP - 75 p. AB - Three commercial anthropomorphic dummy joint assemblies have been evaluated for uniformity of torque response, repeatability, and angular velocity sensitivity. Description of test method and data reduction procedures are presented. Numerical criteria are proposed to characterize the performance of coulomb friction joint designs. A brief discussion of effects of applied torques external to the plane of motion is also included. KW - Anthropometry KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Dummies KW - Joint KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Research KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080955 AU - Ludema, K C AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FRICTION OF POLYMERIC BRAKE MATERIALS PY - 1974/10 SP - 56 p. AB - P.T.F.E. (Teflon) in brake material formulations produces a positive slope of coefficient of friction versus speed, on a Chase dynamometer. This sliding speed dependence is different from temperature dependence of friction. Teflon added to the brake formulation produces a more tenacious and even film on the metal counter surface with apparent rheopectic behavior. KW - Brake linings KW - Brakes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Friction KW - Polytetrafluoroethylene KW - Sensitivity KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265397 AU - Anderson, T E AU - PERCHONOK, K AU - Calspan Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UTILITY OF PROPERTY DAMAGE ACCIDENT DATA IN VEHICLE INJURY SOURCE ANALYSIS PY - 1974/10 SP - 59 p. AB - The study examines the need for inclusion of property damage (PD) vehicle data in analyses designed to determine the influence of safety-oriented component design modifications on occupant injury potential. Vehicles included in the Tri-Level Accident Study files (Levels 1 and 2) were classified as either pre-standards (not equipped with the safety components) or post-standards (equipped with the safety components). Matched comparisons between these groups did not reveal an increase in the incidence of no occupant injury (indicates no increase in PD incidence) attributable to the safety modifications. In addition, examination of a sample of historical New York State accident data revealed little difference in PD accident reporting associated with vehicle component improvements. It was concluded that PD vehicle data are not essential in injury source analyses. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Injuries KW - Loss and damage KW - Property KW - Property damage KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01342752 AU - Ferguson, Wayne S AU - Smith, Thomas J AU - Virginia Transportation Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project Second year Evaluation Summary PY - 1974/09 SP - 16p AB - The Fairfax Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) was begun in January 1972 as one of thirty-five federally funded demonstration projects designed to implement and evaluate a comprehensive community alcohol countermeasures program. The Fairfax ASAP was approved for three years and funded with $2.1 million in an attempt to confront and ameliorate the community's drunk driving problem. A principal goal of the Fairfax ASAP was to effect a reduction in the -number of alcohol-related fatalities, injuries, and property damage crashes. The goal was approached through a system-orlented program providing countermeasures of increased and extensive enforcement of driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenses, a special judicial countermeasure consisting of a probation and review process, programs of rehabilitation and treatment for arrested DWI's, and extensive public information and education. Results of the project after the firs year of operations were quite encouraging. Data indicated a statistically significant reduction in injury crashes in 1972, based on a linear regression model using 1962-971 data, Fatal crashes and fatalities declined but not significantly, but overall societal costs of motor vehicle crashes declined and estimated cost savings indicated a 3 to l ratio of project benefits to costs, The purpose of this report is to summarize as succinctly as possible the results of the project evaluation after two years. For the most part, the narrative for this summary has been taken verbatim from the Summary, Findings, and Conclusions sections of key analytic studies submitted to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) on or before May 30, 1974. This report attempts to consolidate important findings in all areas of evaluation to provide insight and perspective on the Fairfax ASAP as of June 1974. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Crash injuries KW - Drunk driving KW - Education and training KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Fairfax (Virginia) KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Safety KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37700/75-R611.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1103875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01082934 AU - Bray, Kenneth J AU - Huntley, M Stephen AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Breath Measurement Instrumentation as Alcohol Safety Interlock Systems PY - 1974/09//Interim Report SP - 54p AB - This report describes the results of field tests of in-car instruments which measure alcohol on the driver's breath and prevent him from operating his vehicle if intoxicated. Two types of breath alcohol sensors were used for these tests; a fuel-cell type developed by TSC, and a semiconductor type from the Borg-Warner Corporation. Eight vehicles were equipped with the breath measurement and instrumentation and given to volunteer subjects. Subjects returned to TSC weekly to allow calibration checks of the instrumentation, determination of their reaction to the devices and discussion of any attempts to circumvent the breath test interlock. The results of the field test indicate that breath measurement interlocks are basically feasible, but that more engineering effort needs to be expended to advance the alcohol sensor technology required for the production of sensors with uniform and predictable characteristics. The utility of currently available sensors is limited by erratic calibration drift. The field test also indicates circumvention to be a major problem and solutions to the problem do not appear to be cost effective. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Alcohol ignition interlock devices KW - Circumvention (Alcohol ignition interlock devices) KW - Countermeasures KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Field tests KW - Highway safety KW - In vehicle sensors KW - Instrumentation KW - Measurement KW - Prevention KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25386/DOT-HS-EPX-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00096375 AU - Carr, B AU - BORKENSTEIN, R F AU - Berrine, M W AU - VanBerkom, L C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR ROADSIDE SURVEYS OF DRINKING-DRIVING-ALCOHOL COUNTERMEASURES WORKSHOP PY - 1974/09 SP - 197 p. AB - The basic purpose of the Paris Conference was to encourage more roadside surveys by furthering the research methodology and recommendations for conducting roadside surveys developed by a special group of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. This conference was intended to produce as high a degree of standardization of statistics as possible commensurate with the legal, demographic, cultural, geographic and methodological variety between nations. The basis for such standardization was developed in the London, ottawa and Paris OECD Conferences. The conference reviewed classical and recent roadside surveys, their methodology and a demonstration of survey techniques. A special manual for roadside surveys was developed, as well as interests in the drinking-driving problem and the need to develop countermeasures. The Conference agreed on six points all centering around the conception of individual countries standardizing roadside survey research methodlogy for international comprison of data. Delegates reaffirmed the recommendations from the First International Conference on Driver Behavior, Zurich 1973, related to the involvement of alcoholic drivers in traffic crash morbidity and mortality. /SRIS/ KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Methodology KW - Roadside KW - Standards KW - Surveys UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25376/DOT-HS-801-220_002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090513 AU - Hendrickson, R G AU - Craw, A R AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGY FOR MEASURING NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY PY - 1974/09 SP - 43 p. AB - The report covers a critique of current measures used by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to report and evaluate National Traffic Safety. The proposed measures emphasize the use of injury-severity levels and an extended set of driver-vehicle-highway descriptors to depict critical factors in National traffic patterns and trends. Recommendations address indicators to describe accident phenomena by driver and vehicle attributes, and to enlarge the number and detail of descriptors. KW - Crash investigation KW - Definitions KW - Indexing KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Research KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081957 AU - Kuroda, A S AU - Boyer, D S AU - Tracor Jitco, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - BINOCULAR AND MONOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW PERFORMANCE TEST PY - 1974/09 SP - 102 p. AB - The primary objective of this project was to obtain field of view data from new model passenger cars, multipurpose vehicles, trucks and buses, using the binocular and monocular testing procedures contained in Docket 70-7 (NPRM) and in Alternate Procedures (AP), which were developed by Ford Motor Company. Also investigated were vision points for three direct look-to-rear situations in two passenger cars, one full size and one subcompact. The results indicated an appreciable difference in vision points because of size and configuration of the two cars. Twenty-two passenger cars, seven trucks, and one school bus were tested for forward field of view in each of two proposed methods both using binocular and monocular techniques. The passenger cars were also tested for look-to-rear binocular field of view using the vision points found in the initial look to the rear investigation. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Buses KW - Motor vehicles KW - Testing KW - Trucks KW - Visibility KW - Vision KW - Vision characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081953 AU - Gagnon, K AU - Karnes, R N AU - Tocher, J L AU - Boeing Computer Services, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN MODEL PARAMETRIC STUDIES. VOLUME 1, SUMMARY PY - 1974/09 SP - 16 p. AB - The study determines optimal vehicle designs and performs a sensitivity analysis of these designs. The vehicle design is to be optimal in that the designs minimize pedestrian fatalities in computer simulated pedestrian/vehicle impacts. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to determine the changes in pedestrian injuries resulting from changes in the optimal design. The report describes the techniques which have been developed for optimization and sensitivity analysis and describes the computer program which will be used for the study. KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Injuries KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Sensitivity KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081956 AU - Hardee, C F AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUDIOVISUAL CATALOG OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION PY - 1974/09 SP - 850 p. AB - The audiovisuals listed represent motion-picture films, slides, tapes, and still photographs produced or purchased by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. KW - Audiovisual aids KW - Film KW - Highway safety KW - Photographs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081960 AU - Gagnon, K AU - Karnes, R N AU - Tocher, J L AU - Boeing Computer Services, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN MODEL PARAMETRIC STUDIES. VOLUME 2 - VEHICLE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM PY - 1974/09 SP - 85 p. AB - The project has been undertaken to determine the effects of vehicle exterior design on pedestrian fatalities and injuries. A computer program which combines a mathematical optimization strategy with a pedestrian impact simulation program has been used for the studies. The goals for this project are to determine vehicle designs which minimize pedestrian fatalities in computer simulated pedestrian/vehicle impacts and to determine the effects of changes in optimal vehicle designs on the simulated pedestrian injuries and fatalities. KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Injuries KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Sensitivity KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080660 AU - Essex Corporation AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTS OF PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM DESIGN ON HORN CONTROL LOCATION AND THE LOCATION AND OPERABILITY OF STALK-MOUNTED CONTROLS PY - 1974/09 SP - 84 p. AB - The study was developed to assess possible effects of wheel-mounted passive restraint systems upon control and display locations and to determine the current status of stalk-mounted, multi-function controls and their operability. Experiments using more than 3030 drivers indicated significantly slower reaction times were to be expected for stalk-mounted horn controls or headlight dimmer controls. Interviews with nearly 400 drivers of foreign automobiles were analyzed in terms of various stalk control configurations. It was concluded that despite the apparent overabundance of stalk control configurations insufficient data are available to support standardization recommendations at this time. KW - Automobiles KW - Constraints KW - Horns KW - Passive protection devices KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Reaction time KW - Steering wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080644 AU - Newman, J R AU - Kirby, S AU - MCEACHERN, A W AU - University of Southern California, Los Angeles AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DRINKING DRIVERS AND THEIR TRAFFIC RECORDS. I. THE EFFECTS OF A COUNTERMEASURES PROGRAM IN REDUCING THE RECIDIVISM OF DRUNK DRIVING. II. A STUDY OF DRIVERS INVOLVED IN FATAL ACCIDENTS PY - 1974/09 SP - 48 p. AB - The report investigates the driving records of drinking and nondrinking drivers in two separate studies. Part I presents the results of a study investigating the efficacy of several countermeasure treatment programs designed to reduce the recidivism of drunk driving. Part II compares the driving records of two groups of drivers who had been involved in fatal accidents: a group who had been drinking prior to the accident as indicated by evidence of blood alcohol content (BAC) and a group who had not been drinking prior to the accident (No BAC). Results are summarized. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Recidivism KW - Records KW - Records management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265395 AU - Scheuerman, H AU - Young, R AU - NATIONAL AVIATION FACILITIES EXPERIMENTAL CENTER AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOTIVE REAR END COLLISION TESTS PY - 1974/09 SP - 266 p. AB - A series of rear end impact tests was conducted to verify the DOT rear end moving barrier procedure for future rule-making action and to assure the adequacy of repeatable test results. A flat-faced, rigid barrier was used to impact the rear end of various sizes and models of current motor vehicles at speeds up to 30 mi/h. The tests indicated that the procedure would produce repeatable test results. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Rear end crashes KW - Research KW - Testing equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080256 AU - Douglas, R L AU - Filkins, L D AU - Clark, F A AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF LOWER LEGAL DRINKING AGE ON YOUTH CRASH INVOLVEMENT PY - 1974/09 SP - 220 p. AB - Several states recently lowered the legal drinking age to 18. The objectives of the study were: (1) To determine if alcohol-related crashes increased among legally affected populations in three study states, (2) to determine, if changes occurred, whether a causal relationship exists between the crash experience changes and the legal changes. Seven states were studied in a multiple-time-series quasi-experimental design. Through controlled time-series analyses it was found that statistically and socially significant increases in alcohol-related crashes resulted in Michigan and Main following the lower legal drinking age. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453139 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - BICYCLE REGULATION IN NEW YORK STATE PY - 1974/08 SP - 20 p. AB - This publication presents the policy position of the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles towards bicycles. Part I discusses the bicycle safety problem and bicycle accident patterns. Parts II and III provide information on bicycle registration and the licensing or certification of bicyclists, respectively. Part IV on accident prevention and control emphasizes bicycle accident reporting and reporting policies. Parts V, VI, and VII, respectively, discuss bicycle equipment design safety specifications, bicycle safety education, and the development of authorized bikeways. KW - Bicycles KW - Bicyclist licensing KW - Bikeways KW - Crash reports KW - Cyclists KW - Design KW - Equipment KW - New York (State) KW - Policy KW - Prevention KW - Registrations KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Safety education KW - Safety standards KW - Standards KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091502 AU - Burgener, V E AU - Tiryakioglu, D AU - Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAINING STATE AND COMMUNITY INSTRUCTORS IN USE OF NHTSA CURRICULUM PACKAGES: DRIVER IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS, DRIVER LICENSE EXAMINER-SUPERVISOR AND TRAFFIC RECORD ANALYSIS PY - 1974/08 SP - 238 p. AB - A series of five national instructor training institutes were planned for each of three emerging highway safety technician areas for which curriculum packages have been prepared (Driver Improvement Analysis; Driver License Examiner-Supervisor; and Traffic Record Analysis). The report contains detailed information on successful operation of Manpower Training Institutes for NHTSA. The number of potential instructor enrolled were: DIA - 44; DLES - 57; TRA - 55. All but four states were represented by enrollee(s) in one of more institutes. Individual response to the institutes was very positive. KW - Curricula KW - Driver examiners KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drivers KW - Driving tests KW - Instructors KW - Licenses KW - Personnel development KW - Personnel management KW - Records management KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic records KW - Traffic safety KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081182 AU - Di Masi, F P AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - INSTRUMENTATION METHODOLOGY FOR AUTOMOBILE CRASH TESTING PY - 1974/08 SP - 122 p. AB - Principal characteristics of existing data acquisition practices and instrumentation methodologies have been reviewed to identify differences which are responsible for difficulties in comparing and interpreting structural crash test data. Recommendations are made for standardizing these differences which include non-uniform practices in transducer location, data acquisition and presentation of plotted data. A method which has the potential to analytically describe and 'filter' test results by fitting a polynomial curve having limited frequency reproduction capability to digitized crash test data is proposed. The role of structural crash test data for use in computer simulation model development is also reviewed and its role in current and advanced simulation models is defined based on model input/output characteristics. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Standardization KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081518 AU - O'Day, J AU - Carroll, P S AU - Highway Safety Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE USE OF ACCIDENT DATA IN THE NHTSA STANDARDS ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1974/08 SP - 101 p. AB - The present usage of accident data in connection with selection of vehicles for compliance testing is studied, and recommendations are made for changes in this usage. Recommended actions include assignment of analytical personnel to the processing of data for this purpose, addition of several new data elements in the MDAI collection process, expansion of the MDAI program, and certain use of police-reported accident data. Specific examples of analysis of accident data relevant to Standards 105 and 207 are given. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Crash investigation KW - Information processing KW - Standards KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081954 AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY TRAFFIC OFFENSE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME II. AN ANALYSIS PY - 1974/08 SP - 135 p. AB - Volume II contains: perspective on traffic offense adjudiction; current status of traffic offense adjudication in the US; a process model. KW - Adjudication KW - Case studies KW - Highway law KW - Law enforcement KW - Legal documents KW - Legal studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - State government KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Urban areas KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081951 AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY TRAFFIC OFFENSE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME III. REFERENCE VOLUME PY - 1974/08 SP - 190 p. AB - Volume III contains: study objectives approach; adjudication process profiles; administrative adjudication of traffic violations confronts the doctrine of separation of powers. KW - Adjudication KW - Case studies KW - Highway law KW - Law enforcement KW - Legal documents KW - Legal studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - State government KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Urban areas KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081955 AU - Young (Arthur) and Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY SAFETY TRAFFIC OFFENSE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME I. A PERSPECTIVE PY - 1974/08 SP - 24 p. AB - The report, contained in three volumes, summarizes the results of a study designed to identify the more significant developments in traffic offense adjudication, providing states and local jurisdictions with the information necessary to assist them in the evaluation and improvement of their traffic offense adjudication systems. The study involved a comprehensive survey and analysis of traffic offense adjudication systems currently being employed in 12 major metropolitan areas. The study culminated in the development of a model traffic offense adjudication process which offers the maximum in highway safety potential and case processing efficiency, while satisfying all essential legal requirements. KW - Adjudication KW - Case studies KW - Highway law KW - Law enforcement KW - Legal documents KW - Legal studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - State government KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Urban areas KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265281 AU - Burgener, V E AU - Tiryakioglu, D AU - Technical Education Research Centers, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TRAINING STATE AND COMMUNITY CURRICULUM PACKAGES: DRIVER IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS, DRIVER LICENSE EXAMINER-SUPERVISOR AND TRAFFIC RECORD ANALYSIS PY - 1974/08 SP - 218 p. AB - A series of five national instructor training institutes were planned for each of three emerging highway safety technician areas for which curriculum packages have been prepared (Driver Improvement Analysis; Driver License Examiner-Supervisor; and Traffic Record Analysis). Technical Education Research Centers and Dunlap & Associates collaborated to conduct the institutes from October 15 to December 14, 1973. The report contains detailed information on successful operation of Manpower Training Institutes for NHTSA. KW - Curricula KW - Driver improvement effort KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver licensing KW - Driver training KW - Highway safety KW - Programs KW - Records management KW - Standards KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic records KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265283 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS: AN IN-DEPTH CASE REPORT-CASE NO. TAC-SP-73-3, TRACTOR-TRAILER/SCHOOL BUS - RIGHT ANGLE (FATAL) PY - 1974/08 SP - 90 p. AB - The report carries the in-depth, multidisciplinary report covering Case No. TAC-SP-73-3, of a Tractor-Trailer/School Bus - Right Angle (Fatal) accident. KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Right angle crashes KW - School buses KW - Skid resistance KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265268 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME 3. SPECIAL STUDIES PY - 1974/08 SP - 117 p. AB - Volume 3 of 4 volumes consists of a study of 5481 traffic accidents in the San Antonio/Bexar County area from December 1, 1972 to May 31, 1973, in which 10,371 vehicles and 15,170 occupants were involved. Principal objectives were to compare vehicle damage and occupant injury codes and indices currently in use, and analyze significant relationships concerning vehicles and occupants. The volume of data necessitated application of electronic data processing and computer analysis; the methodology employed is described. Results are categorized into two broad groups--comparison between accident measures and analysis of variables. Comments are made on each of the damage and injury measures and upon interrelationships between vehicle and occupant properties. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Coding systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Design standards KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Information processing KW - Loss and damage KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265269 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME 2. CASE SUMMARIES PY - 1974/08 SP - 203 p. AB - Volume 2 of 4 volumes consists of summaries of 205 Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation case reports previously submitted to NHTSA by SWRI. Volume 1 summarizes findings of these 205 investigations in terms of overall program objectives and significant personal, vehicle, and environment factors. Effectiveness of current Federal motor vehicle and highway safety standards is commented upon, and conclusions and recommendations derived from the study are presented. Volume 3 represents a special study analyzing 5481 auto accidents occurring in San Antonio between December 1972 and May 1973, meeting prescribed criteria. Volume 4 is an executive summary of the content of Volume 3. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Design standards KW - Environment KW - Highway safety KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Safety equipment KW - Standards KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265270 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME 1. SUMMARY OF IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATIONS IN BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS PY - 1974/08 SP - 64 p. AB - Concluding a 4.5-yr study, Volume 1 of 4 volumes summarizes findings of multidisciplinary investigations of 205 automobile accidents in the San Antonio/Bexar County, Texas area, in which 379 vehicles, 376 drivers, and 263 passengers were identified as involved. Objectives included determination of causes of accidents and injuries; evaluation of the effectiveness of new auto safety features and federal motor vehicle and highway safety standards; and early detection of design and functional problems of the vehicle and highway. Summary and analytical data include age, type, extent of damage, and possible mechanical defects or malfunctions of case vehicles; driver personal and social backgrounds, driving records, possible physical impairments, use of alcohol and narcotics, and occupant injury characteristics; trip plans and times and places of case accidents. Comments are made regarding the effectiveness of current standards. Conclusions and recommendations are presented concerning driver education programs, drivers' licensing, public information, use of alcohol, emergency medical services, motor vehicle inspection, motorcycle safety, recreation vehicles, highway design, construction and maintenance, traffic control devices, police traffic services, debris hazard control cleanup, wrecker towing practices, and attitudes toward drivers subject to epilepsy. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Design standards KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Driver characteristics KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Human characteristics KW - Manual safety belts KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Personnel performance KW - Police KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Vehicle performance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25400/25431/DOT-HS-802-033.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265267 AU - Cromack, J R AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION. VOLUME 4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF IN-DEPTH INVESTIGATION AND SPECIAL STUDIES IN BEXAR COUNTY, TEXAS PY - 1974/08 SP - 26 p. AB - Volume 4 of 4 volumes summarizes briefly Volumes 1-3 which cover 205 Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation cases and 5481 traffic accidents under a Special Studies program in the San Antonio/Bexar County, Texas area. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Design standards KW - Highway safety KW - Manual safety belts KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263366 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Idaho State Traffic Safety Commission TI - ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF PROPOSED CHANGES TO PASSENGER CAR REQUIREMENTS OF MVSS 208 PY - 1974/08 SP - 60 p. AB - This report analyzes the impact of proposed changes to Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 "Occupant Crash Protection: as they apply to passenger cars. The proposal of March 19, 1974 would extend the present 3 options including interlock belt systems to September 1, 1976, and thereafter would require passive protection supplemented by lap belts with sequential warning if needed for rollover protection in front seats. Lap belts would be required in rear seats. Interlock belt system effectiveness was compared with air cushion lap belt system effectiveness in terms of reduced deaths and injuries. If total passenger car population were equipped with the interlock belt system there would be about 7,000 fewer fatalities and 340,000 fewer injuries annually. Comparable figures for the air cushion lap belt system are 15,600 and 1,000,000 respectively. Results of this study show that the proposed rulemaking, represented by the air cushion lap belt system, is clearly superior to the interlock belt system in the reduction of fatalities and injuries. Furthermore the air cushion belt system is fully justified even from an economic point of view since its benefit cost ratio and its incremental benefits are substantially in excess of 1.0. KW - Air bags KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Fatalities KW - Ignition seat belt interlocks KW - Injuries KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260253 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIRST FEDERALLY FUNDED, STATE-WIDE TEST OF UTILIZING SPECIAL ADMINISTATIVE OFFICES, TO HANDLE THE BULK OF MINOR TRAFFIC CASES PY - 1974/07/26 SP - 1 p. AB - The selection is announced of Rhode Island for the first federally funded, Statewide test of utilizing special administrative offices, rather than courts, to handle the bulk of minor traffic cases that now clog court calendars. This action is the second federal response to the recommendations by the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee for the adoption of simplified systems. This, together with the "special Adjudication for Enforcement (SAFE) contract (awarded to Seattle, Washington by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), are designed to demonstrate a variety of non-criminal traffic offense adjudication and driver improvement programs that might lead to a deterence of traffic infractions, and reduce both repeat violations and accidents. The $750,000 grant for Rhode Island will be used for a proposal, the principal feature of which is the establishment of a special division of Administrative Adjudication within the Rhode Island Department of Transportation. The division will be headed by an Assistant Director or Transportation for Administrative Adjudication appointed by the governor. KW - Administration KW - Crashes KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Federal aid KW - Personnel KW - Traffic KW - Traffic safety KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081959 AU - Bloom, E AU - Naval Air Development Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION-NAVAL AIR DEVELOPMENT CENTER ADVANCED RESTRAINT SYSTEMS DYNAMIC TEST PROGRAM PY - 1974/07/25 SP - 255 p. AB - Dynamic tests were conducted on advanced passive seat belt restraint systems using anthropometric dummies. The objectives of the work were: (1) To evaluate the degree of occupant crash protection afforded by each system; (2) to measure the dynamic response of the dummy when exposed to impact accelerations for later comparison with human response under similar conditions; (3) to ascertain the structural safety of the restraint system before human testing; and (4) to select candidate systems for human testing. (Modified author abstract) KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Anthropometry KW - Human beings KW - Impact tests KW - Manual safety belts KW - Passive protection devices KW - Passive restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01082948 AU - Fell, James C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Results of Special Accident Study Teams /ASAP Coordination Conference, June 12-13, 1974, Washington, D.C. PY - 1974/07//NHTSA Conference Report SP - 138p AB - The second Special Accident Study Teams / ASAP Coordination Conference was held in Washington, D.C. on June 12-13, 1974. Members of the four accident investigation teams (Boston University, Maryland Medical-Legal Foundation, University of New Mexico, and University of Oklahoma) studying the alcohol/ drug problem in their area, the four Alcohol Safety Action Programs (ASAP) in the study areas (Boston, Baltimore, Albuquerque, and Oklahoma City), NHTSA regional representatives, and members of the NHTSA monitoring groups (Office of Statistics and Analysis, Office of Driver and Pedestrian Programs) all met for the two-day Conference to continue coordination of activities and to report recent findings. More specifically, the objectives of the Conference were three-fold: (1) To report on progress made in Study Team/ASAP coordination procedures subsequent to first conference, on any problems encountered by the Teams in the agreed upon minimal set of human factors data collected in all four studies, and on any changes in methodologies, needs, or experimental design. (2) To present up-to-date findings in the study areas including alcohol-involved driver psychosocial profiles, proportion of alcohol-involved and problem drinkers in samples studied, accident-involved drivers exposure to ASAP countermeasures, typical errors alcohol-involved drivers are making, etc. (3) To discuss the future of the four ASAPs and the Special Accident Studies including continuations, modifications, changes in needs, changes in emphasis, etc. KW - Albuquerque (New Mexico) KW - Alcohol abuse KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohol use KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Conferences KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash investigation KW - Drug abuse KW - Drug use KW - Drugged drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Oklahoma City (Oklahoma) KW - Psychological aspects KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/25000/25300/25381/DOT-HS-EPX-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/842004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081958 AU - Fell, J C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT CAUSAL SYSTEM: THE HUMAN ELEMENT PY - 1974/07 SP - 28 p. AB - A motor vehicle accident causal reporting system, from a human factors viewpoint, is presented. The system is based upon a cause and effect relationship: the 'effect' being the primary failure, non-performance, or behavior which led directly to the collision situation; the 'cause' being the reasons for the human failure. The effects are described as information processing failures of four types: (1) perception failures, (2) comprehension failures, (3) decision failures, and (4) action failures. The reasons for, or causes, of these failures which lead to collisions are categorized. Two recent studies which used similar causal systems are described and findings are presented from them. KW - Behavior KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash reports KW - Crashes KW - Drivers KW - Human factors KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090038 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION CASE NO. TAC-SP-74-4. DAY CAMP VAN/CAR - RIGHT ANGLE PY - 1974/07 SP - 35 p. AB - The report describes a car/van accident which occured at 92nd St./Parnell Ave., a cross intersection in Chicago, Illinois; in a residential area, on Monday, 29 July 1974, at 0820 hours. The van was operated as day camp bus. The accident was fatal. KW - Buses KW - Children KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Intersections KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Trailers KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081952 AU - Hardee, C F AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - TECHNICAL REPORTS OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION: A BIBLIOGRAPHY 1967-1973 PY - 1974/07 SP - 421 p. AB - The technical reports of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which are cited are the products of research and testing that fulfill objectives of the Administration in the fields of highway and motor vehicle safety. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Highway safety KW - Research KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265265 AU - Friedman, D AU - Friedman, K AU - Minicars, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ADVANCED AIR BAG RESTRAINTS FOR STANDARD SIZE CAR DRIVERS. VOLUME II. FINAL PROGRAM REPORT PY - 1974/07 SP - 367 p. AB - The report summarizes the effort to develop an advanced air bag restraint system for standard size cars capable of protecting the driver in frontal and/or frontal oblique crashes. The result of the work has been the development of a system consisting of (a) a small quickly inflating double air bag, (b) and energy absorbing steering column mechanically stroking through rollerless tapes, (c) a mechanically stroking padded knee restraint linked to the steering column, (d) an energy absorbing seat assembly, and (e) compartment padding. The system is capable of protecting drivers throughout the adult anthropometric range at velocities to 50 mph as tested in sled simulated frontal, pitching, and angular impacts representing actual collisions. KW - Air bags KW - Constraints KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impact tests KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety vehicles KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071865 AU - Weston, J T AU - Nakaishi, V V AU - Utah Auto Crash Research Team AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UTAH MULTIDISCIPLINARY HIGHWAY CRASH INVESTIGATIONS PY - 1974/07 SP - 278 p. AB - The report covers the third phase of the multidisciplinary accident investigation program being conducted in the greater Salt Lake City area of Utah. The report summarizes the findings of the investigation of 41 serious accidents conducted during the period March 1, 1971 through March 15, 1972. A summary of each case study is included. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Injuries KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071850 AU - POLLOCK, W T AU - McDole, T L AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL ITEM BANK FOR TESTS OF DRIVING KNOWLEDGE PY - 1974/07 SP - 321 p. AB - Materials intended for driving knowledge test development use by operational licensing and education agencies were prepared. Candidate test items were developed, using literature and operational practice sources, to reflect current state-of-knowledge with respect to principles of safe, efficient driving, to legal regulations, and to traffic control devices. Multiple-choice items were developed for testing drivers of passenger cars and light truck, motorcycles, and buses and trucks. An operational manual, 'Handbook for Driving Knowledge Testing', which includes multiple-choice items and tutorial test construction material, was prepared. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261000 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society TI - ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PY - 1974/07 SP - 171 p. AB - In an effort to aid automotive designers in producing safer vehicles and assist governments in evaluating the performance of existing standards and regulations (or determine the need for modifications to these standards), a project was designed which would test the feasibility and practicality of a process for collecting vehicle damage and correlative injury information. This would be accomplished by means of an international set of accident investigation and reporting protocols that would provide a common basis for accident analysis on a world-wide scale. For the purposes of this study, the investigations were limited to the two fundamental parameters: vehicle deformation and injury severity. The methodology employed and the case study program are outlined and the workshops of Wolfsburg, Turin and Brussels are reviewed. Details are given of the organizational and operational structure, the common report forms, and the submission of case reports. The team coding systems and computer programs are described, and the preliminary results from international traffic accident data are presented. The proposed international accident investigation system is discussed. Conclusions and recommendations based on the study are presented, and implementation actions are proposed. KW - Case studies KW - Computer programs KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Data collection KW - Deformation KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Governments KW - Injuries KW - International compacts KW - Loss and damage KW - Methodology KW - Operations KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Vehicles KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150429 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FIFTH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES PY - 1974/06 SP - 1002 p. AB - This report of the Fifith International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles held in London, June 4-7, 1974, contains the following: Section I - Conference Opening - Introduction by the Chairman; Section II - Status Reports on Experimental Safety Vehicle Development Programs by representatives from the U.S., France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Sweden and Japan; Section III - Technical Seminars on: Accident Analysis, Human Factors, Vehicle Structural Properties, Accident Avoidance, Overall Car Requirements, and Application of Research Results to Production cars and Future ESV Activities; Section IV - Closing Remarks by the United Kingdom and the United States. KW - Conferences KW - Crash investigation KW - Future concepts KW - Human factors KW - Innovation KW - Safety vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47489 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132087 AU - O'Neill, B AU - Hoksch, H AU - HADDON, W AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CAR SIZE, CAR WEIGHT AND CRASH INJURIES IN CAR-TO-CAR CRASHES PY - 1974/06 SP - p. 362-368 AB - Relationships between car size, car weight, and severity of occupant crash injuries in car-to-car crashes are developed using a simple mathematical model to analyze real-world crash data. For vehicles using the same roads, these relationships suggest a crash-worthiness design concept for intervehicular crashes that regards increases in vehicle size as primarily protective, and increases in vehicle weight as primarily hostile, indicating the desirability of relatively sizeable but not heavy vehicles. (A) U1 - Int'l Tech Conf on Experimental Safety Vehicles KW - Automobiles KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Size KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265271 AU - Weston, J T AU - Wagner, F R AU - Utah Auto Crash Research Team AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - UTAH MULTIDISCIPLINARY HIGHWAY CRASH INVESTIGATION. VOLUME II PY - 1974/06 SP - 225 p. AB - The report contains the findings, methodology, recommendations and summaries of 40 in-depth multidisciplinary accident investigations conducted by the Utah Auto Crash Research Team. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research KW - Rollers KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265277 AU - Ludtke, N AU - Pioneer Engineering and Manufacturing Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SURVEY OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ON VEHICLES TOWING TRAVEL AND CAMPER TRAILERS. VOLUME XI PY - 1974/06 SP - 754 p. AB - Loading patterns, load capacities and consumer knowledge in these areas were determined for 8,800 vehicles consisting of travel trailers, camper trailers, motorhomes and pickup trucks carrying slide-in campers. Vehicles were weighed as they were on the road in operating condition. The rating data of the suspension components was obtained from the vehicle manufacturer. KW - Axle loads KW - Mobile homes KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Recreational vehicles KW - Suspensions KW - Tires KW - Towing devices KW - Trailers KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Wheel loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071858 AU - Herron, R E AU - Cuzzi, J R AU - Goulet, D V AU - Hugg, J E AU - Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL FEATURES OF ADULTS AND CHILDREN PY - 1974/06 SP - 175 p. AB - An experimental investigation was carried out with a view towards developing improved methods for acquiring comprehensive body form and biomechanical data for use in mathematical modeling of traffic accidents. Twenty-one children ranging in weight from 32.25 to 54.0 pounds and five adults, three males and two females, served as subjects. Automatic data acquisition systems, based on the principles of biostereometrics, were used to obtain a wide range of body form and biomechanical data, including: Three-dimensional coordinates and cross sections for major body parts and the body as a whole; volume distribution curves for major body parts and the body as a whole; perimeter distribution curves, linear anthropometric dimensions, and estimates for surface area, volume, center of gravity and inertial tensors for major body parts and the body as a whole; and globographic data for all major joint sinuses, using a newly-designed, real-time stereometric joint motion sensor. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091582 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS PY - 1974/05 SP - 108 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHSTA Technical Services Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHSTA publication Highway Safety Literature. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Abstracts KW - Ambulances KW - Bibliographies KW - Crashes KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Education KW - First aid KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway safety KW - Medical personnel KW - Medical services KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091481 AU - Engeling, D E AU - Reese, L C AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp TI - BEHAVIOR OF THREE INSTRUMENTED DRILLED SHAFTS UNDER SHORT TERM AXIAL LOADING PY - 1974/05 SP - 133 p. AB - This study is concerned with the analysis of the behavior of three full-scale instrumented drilled shafts under axial loading. Two of the shafts were in soil profiles containing sand and clay while the third was entirely in clay. The data from the load tests were correlated with soil properties and the correlations were compared with results from previous research. Based on the test results and a reevaluation of previous tests, some improvements in the design criteria for drilled shafts in clay have been recommended. KW - Axial loads KW - Boreholes KW - Clay KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Loads KW - Loop detectors KW - Properties of materials KW - Radio frequency KW - Radiofrequency loop detector KW - Sand KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Soil profiles KW - Soil properties KW - Soils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091459 AU - Hughes, T J AU - TAYLOR, R L AU - Sackman, J L AU - University of California, San Diego AU - Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION AND SOLUTION OF CONTACT-IMPACT PROBLEMS IN CONTINUUM MECHANICS PY - 1974/05 SP - 101 p. AB - This report presents a general theory of contract-impact problems cast in a variational theorem suitable for implementation with the finite element method. The numerical scheme is described as is the structural analysis computer code in which it is contained. KW - Boundary value problems KW - Classical field theory KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Finite differences KW - Finite element method KW - Force KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Impacts KW - Kinematics KW - Kinetics KW - Numerical analysis KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265104 AU - Radovich, V G AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE MICROCAPSULE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT PADS PY - 1974/05 SP - 13 p. AB - Dye-filled microcapsule pads for measurement of contact surface pressures, were evaluated in simulated automobile crash tests on test dummies restrained by seat belts. The microcapsule pads were exposed to belt loads on the dummy's chest and abdomen and to head impacts against the head rest. In a limited amount of testing good agreement was found between the pressures measured with microcapsule pads and corresponding values computed from belt tension and head acceleration measurements. KW - Contact pressure KW - Crashes KW - Deployable head restraints KW - Dummies KW - Headrests KW - Impact tests KW - Instruments for measuring loads or pressure KW - Manual safety belts KW - Measurement KW - Pads KW - Pressure KW - Pressure measurement KW - Simulation KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057652 AU - Preston, J D AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DYNAMOMETER TEST FOR REPLACEMENT BRAKE LINING STANDARD PY - 1974/05 SP - 56 p. AB - The brake linings or pads with which new vehicles are equipped generally require replacement at about 1/3 of the total vehicle mileage. A Federal standard is under consideration to establish minimum performance requirements for replacement linings and pads. The paper describes a method of evaluating brake lining performance using a single end inertia brake dynamometer. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057940 AU - Teel, S S AU - Pierce, S J AU - Lutkefedder, N W AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOTIVE RECORDER RESEARCH DISC RECORDER PILOT PROJECT. VOLUME II. RESULTS OF TESTS AND EVALUATION PY - 1974/05 SP - 100 p. AB - The NHTSA has developed automotive recorders which can measure crash triaxial acceleration/time histories during vehicle collisions. From these acceleration histories (recorded on a magnetic disc), velocity/time histories and velocity change during impact are derived to provide measures of vehicle crash severity. The purpose of developing these recorders is to provide firm unbiased relationships of vehicle crash severity with occupant fatalities and serious injuries from real-world accidents. To date, a total of 1200 recorders has been produced and over 800 have been installed in fleet vehicles. This two volume report has been prepared to document the status of the Disc Recorder Pilot Project as of October 31, 1973. Volume II describes the types of tests (e.g., vehicle crash tests and environmental test) to which the disc recorders have been subjected, and the results. Information and experience gained from these early research and development efforts form the foundation for future large scale recorder research. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057955 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME PY - 1974/05 SP - 283 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17665 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00262185 JO - Washington Science Trends PB - Trends Publishing Incorporated AU - Trends Publishing Incorporated TI - MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1974/04/08 VL - 31 IS - 26 SP - p. 154 AB - A select bibliography of materials is given on many aspects of vehicle emissions in relation to air pollution. KW - Air pollution KW - Bibliographies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pollutants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138956 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00262175 JO - Washington Science Trends PB - Trends Publishing Incorporated AU - Nelson, K E AU - Wolsko, T D AU - Trends Publishing Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION NOISE ANALYSIS PY - 1974/04/08 VL - 31 IS - 26 SP - p. 151 AB - In order to eliminate some of the negative aspects of highway noise, a noise predictor has been developed by the Argonne National Laboratory which can predict noise levels along a highway. This would be of valuable aid to transportation planners, and is also relatively low in cost. Highway design plans and aerial photographs are used to determine the required input variables. A sample experiment was conducted on a highway with three different observation heights, costing only twelve dollars. KW - Aerial photography KW - Forecasting KW - Highway design KW - Low costs KW - Noise control KW - Sound level KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260997 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECTS, EVALUATION OF OPERATIONS-1973. PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF FIRST TWO YEARS OF OPERATIONS FOR 29 PROJECTS FUNDED IN FY 1970 AND 1971 PY - 1974/04/01 SP - 44 p. AB - A preliminary summary is presented of the first two years of operation of 29 Alcohol Safety Action Projects (ASAP) which embody a systematic, multifaceted effort to combat the drinking driving problem. Two of the projects are statewide while the others cover a city or county. The projects provide funds in the areas of enforcement, judicial programs, rehabilitation and public information. A centralized management and evaluation effort ensures coordination of all organizations working within the safety system which impacts the drinking driver. The ASAPs was designed to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality and effectiveness of a systems approach for dealing with the drinking driving problem, and to evaluate individual countermeasures within the limits permitted by the simultaneous application of a number of different countermeasures at the same site. It is hoped that these projects will catalyze state action in the area of alcohol safety. This report focuses on the overall impact of these projects on the safety system and alcohol-related fatal crashes. The evaluation design seeks to answer two questions: did a statistically significant reduction occur in alcohol-related fatal crashes; and if a reduction occurred, can that reduction be attributed to the ASAPs. The ASAP program and evaluation problems and procedures are described. The impact is reviewed on drivers with high blood alcohol concentrations, upon alcohol-related crashes, and on the traffic safety system. Other aspects covered are reinforcement, presentence investigation and rehabilitation countermeasures. KW - Alcohols KW - Countermeasures KW - Crash rates KW - Design KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Enforcement KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Information dissemination KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Rehabilitation KW - Safety KW - State government KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133310 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2 PY - 1974/04 SP - 363 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate each accident in-depth, and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The report consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the driver and occupants involved with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Drivers KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Occupancy KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057893 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS-DETAILED REPORTS FROM JANUARY 1 TO MARCH 31, 1974 PY - 1974/04 SP - 511 p. AB - The report presents details of recall campaigns as submitted by vehicle and equipment manufacturers. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057391 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 5, NO. 2 PY - 1974/04 SP - 307 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by NHTSA sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. These case reports are individual, clinical studies of accidents generally involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity (severe enough so that at least one vehicle must be towed from the scene). The Teams investigate each accident in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). Each of the summaries contained in this report consists of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants involved (with their injuries), a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations which emanate for the reports. Finally, as an aid, a diagram of each collision is represented as the last page of each case summary. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094616 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ROAD SAFETY PILOT STUDY ROUTIERE) T2 - L'ETUDE PILOTE SUR LA SECURITE ROUTIERE PY - 1974/03/15 SP - 114 p. AB - The report was planned around three premises: orientation toward applied technology and practices, not research; there is no single universal solution to road safety; a systems approach should be used to solve the problem. Areas included are: Identification and correction of road hazards; pedestrian safety; motor vehicle inspection; accident investigation; alcohol and highway safety; emergency medical services; experimental safety vehicles; new road safety concepts; new road safety perspectives; and action program procedures. KW - Agreements KW - Alcohols KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Hazards KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Highway planning KW - Highway safety KW - Highways KW - Inspection KW - Medical services KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pedestrians KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094620 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND CORRECTION OF ROAD HAZARDS PROJECT ROUTE) T2 - IDENTIFICATION ET CORRECTION DES ZONES DANGEREUSES DE LA ROUTE PY - 1974/03 SP - 31 p. AB - The report traces the detection of dangerous points on highways through analysis of accidents. It recommends ways to correct the problems. KW - Agreements KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Construction KW - Cooperation KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Hazards KW - Highway safety KW - Highway traffic control KW - Highways KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Maintenance KW - Meetings KW - Research KW - Street lighting KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132154 AU - Johnson, N B AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CRASH INJURY REDUCTION AND POST-CRASH FACTORS EVALUATIONS--FORD ESSV'S (EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLES)--FORTY-MPH, FIFTY-MPH, AND LOW-SPEED BARRIER IMPACTS PY - 1974/03 SP - 223 p. AB - This report presents the results of front and rear low-speed bumper tests and the 40- and 50-MPH frontal flat-barrier tests conducted on two Ford Experimental Safety Vehicles. The primary objectives of this test series were to evaluate vehicle damage in low-speed impacts and to determine the occupant and structural responses of the Ford Experimental Safety Vehicles when subjected to 40- and 50-MPH front barrier impacts. Post-crash factors evaluations were also performed to evaluate rescue and emergency egress. /HRIS/ KW - Crash injury research KW - Impact tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Post-crash KW - Postcrash phase KW - Safety vehicles KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094617 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PROJECT T2 - SERVICES MEDICANX D'URGENCE PY - 1974/03 SP - 154 p. AB - Despite efforts toward greater road and vehicular safety and driver education programs, vehicular crashes occur in great numbers and deaths and injuries are not being significantly reduced. The report concerns itself with the way the state-of-the-art of emergency medical care can be more fully applied to aid victims at road crash sites and thereafter until they reach definitive medical care in a hospital. KW - Belgium KW - Crash victims KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Driver training KW - Emergency medical services KW - Evaluation KW - Fatalities KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Health care KW - Health care delivery systems KW - Health care services KW - Highway safety KW - Hospitals KW - Injuries KW - Medical services KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Recommendations KW - State of the art studies KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094618 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - EXPERIMENTAL SAFETY VEHICLE PROJECT T2 - VEHICULES EXPERIMENTAUX DE SECURITE PY - 1974/03 SP - 16 p. AB - The study has as its purpose the encouragement of governments and industries to undertake costly experimental safety vehicle research and development programs, and exchange the results of these programs with each other. The exchange program was to provide information which would assist governments in developing new motor vehicle safety standards or other techniques for encouraging the development and marketing of substantially safer production vehicles. KW - Agreements KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Development KW - France KW - Germany KW - Governments KW - Highway safety KW - Industries KW - Italy KW - Japan KW - Marketing KW - Meetings KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety vehicles KW - Standards KW - Structural design KW - Sweden KW - Traffic safety KW - United Kingdom KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094619 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE INSPECTION PROJECT T2 - INSPECTION DES VEHICULES A MOTEUR PY - 1974/03 SP - 114 p. AB - The Project has collected, compiled, compared and evaluated the knowledge and experience of many countries in the field of motor vehicle inspection. The conclusions drawn will help all those interested in improving their respective systems. KW - Agreements KW - Belgium KW - Compilation KW - Defects KW - Denmark KW - Deterioration KW - Experience KW - Germany KW - Highway safety KW - Inspection KW - Knowledge KW - Legislation KW - Maintenance KW - Meetings KW - Motor vehicles KW - Quality control KW - Safety engineering KW - United Kingdom KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094622 AU - North Atlantic Treaty Organization AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN SAFETY PROJECT T2 - SECURITE DES PIETONS PY - 1974/03 SP - 149 p. AB - The report is divided into two parts. The first part presents conclusions and recommendations that resulted from the project activity. Eight areas are treated: (1) allocation of resources, (2) pedestrian crossing systems, (3) traffic management, (4) education and information, (5) urban planning, (6) vehicle driver, (7) pedestrian behavior, and (8) statistics. The second part contains papers prepared by participants. KW - Agreements KW - Behavior KW - Belgium KW - City planning KW - Crosswalks KW - Drivers KW - Highway traffic control KW - Human factors engineering KW - Natural resources KW - Pedestrians KW - Regulations KW - Roads KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084781 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS. SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY 1967 - MARCH 1974 PY - 1974/03 SP - 249 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. /Author/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Exhaust gases KW - Pollutants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080741 AU - Richardson, H A AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A MOTORCYCLE SAFETY HELMET STUDY PY - 1974/03 SP - 44 p. AB - This study compares head injury for motorcycle riders who were involved in traffic accidents in the States of Michigan or Illinois. Since most of the Michigan riders wore helmets because they were required to do so by law but most of the Illinois riders did not because helmet usage is not mandatory in Illinois, this comparison is made to estimate the differences in head injury resulting from compliance with the Michigan safety helmet law. Secondly, this study provides estimates of the actual effectiveness of safety helmets in reducing head injury in the more severe, higher speed accidents which occurred on Interstate highways and freeways in rural areas of Illinois. Finally, a comparison is made of the extent of helmet usage in a helmet-law State (Michigan) to that in a non-helmet-law State (Illinois). KW - Crash severity KW - Head KW - Helmets KW - Hinges KW - Injuries KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Laws KW - Motorcyclists KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260998 AU - Douglass, R L AU - Filkins, L D AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF LOWER LEGAL DRINKING AGES ON YOUTH CRASH INVOLVEMENT PY - 1974/03 SP - 10 p. AB - This legal impact study was designed to determine if the alcohol-related crash experience changed with legislation which lowered the legal drinking age to 18. An effort was also made to find out if a statistically significant change in accident rates (if found) could be causally related to the legal change. The existence was investigated of plausible rival hypotheses which would challenge a casual relationship between the legal change and resulting changes in accident rates, and an investigation was made of the extent to which these can be controlled by design or analysis. Details are given of the study design in which two control groups and an experimental group were identified on the basis of legal posture, geographic distribution, data availability and demographic and social characteristics. Data definitions and analyses detailed. The analysis was performed in two steps which were designed to test the statistical significance of changes in magnitude of alochol-related crash frequencies and rates of young and old drivers, and to investigate the age-specific alcohol-related crash frequency distributions of young drivers before and after the effective dates of new legal drinking ages in the experimental states. The results are tabulated and discussed. Characteristics are set forth which must be considered in the prediction of the consequence of a lower drinking age on youth crash rates. KW - Adolescents KW - Age KW - Alcohols KW - Analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Definitions KW - Design KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Geography KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Impact studies KW - Laws KW - Population KW - Research KW - Social factors KW - Teenage drivers KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099581 AU - Fell, J C AU - Esposito, V J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - APPLICATIONS OF ACCIDENT DATA ON YOUNG DRIVER RESEARCH PY - 1974/02 SP - 34 p. AB - Accident data collection, analysis, and findings are discussed as they relate to young drivers. The report serves as an example of how several accident and related data sources can be applied to the young driver problem, both in determining the magnitude of and the reaons for the problem. Data sources include motor vehicle registration and driver licensing data, National Accident Summary file, routine police accident reports, insurance accident reports, Fatality Analysis File, bi-level investigations, other intermediate levels, and in-depth investigations. Gross accident data indicate that young drivers are overrepresented in all severities of accidents, but it is found that more accidents involving young drivers are reported than those involving older drivers. The data do not indicate, however, why young drivers are more involved or have different characteristics than in older driver accidents. Recommendations are made for further research in the field. KW - Accident proneness KW - Adolescents KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Crash severity KW - Drivers KW - Teenage drivers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084784 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE LIGHTING SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1974/02 SP - 95 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature and are included in its automated file. /Author/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Lighting KW - Vehicle lighting KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057932 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS - DETAILED REPORTS FROM OCTOBER 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1973 PY - 1974/02 SP - 621 p. AB - Details are reported of recall campaigns as submitted by vehicle and equipment manufacturers. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057363 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - VEHICLE LIGHTING PY - 1974/02 SP - 96 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature and are included in its automated file. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056983 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 5, NO. 1 PY - 1974/01 SP - 24 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17087 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00132163 JO - Baker, WE PB - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - May, G W AU - BAKER, W E AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HUMAN AND ENVIRONEMENTAL FACTORS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PY - 1974 SP - p. 129-145 AB - This study will attempt to define a cross section of all alcohol related traffic accidents, including general modalities of the event. The study universe chosen was Barnalillo County in New Mexico. The area has a higher than average alcohol consumption rate and fatality rate. The population is unique in its racial makeup. The study was conducted over a 2-year period, starting July, 1972. The research had a multi-level design. At the first level of study was concentrated on a subpopulation totalling 200, from the total alcohol-involved population indentified from police records. The third level was restricted to 15 accidents from the above population which was treated as clinical case studies. The alcohol-involved driver is male, young, disproportionately Spanish or native American origin, unmarried, a manual worker, and often has no driver's license. The accident typically involves a single driver in a single vehicle striking a fixed object on or off the roadway. It occurs late at night, at fairly low speed. The location is generally the open urban roadway. The vehicle is typically old, in a poor state of maintenance and repair. Human error almost always precipitates the accident. The most common errors are lack of comprehension, misjudgment, improper driving and speeding. It would be valuable to compare the general patterns above with a valid control group of drivers involved in the same accidents, but who had not been drinking. Alcohol accidents are modally quite different from the general vehicle accidents. The current report's statistics are preliminary, though selective. (MW) KW - Alcohols KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash reports KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Human factors KW - Information organization KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00721371 AU - Schmidt, D AU - Tichenor, F AU - Nebraska Department of Education TI - SPECIAL EDUCATION FOR THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1974 SP - 64 p. AB - A majority of special education students are capable of operating a motor vehicle. This manual deals specifically with an instructional program offered prior to enrollment in the regular driver education course. The approach is designed to familiarize the special education student with the general goals and content areas of driver education. Special education students (or handicapped students) who are to receive driver education have been identified by various committees in Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Nebraska, which have recommended that all of the following classifications receive some type of driver education instruction: (1) educable mentally retarded; (2) emotionally maladjusted; (3) physically handicapped; (4) hard of hearing and deaf; and (5) visually impaired and blind. KW - Driver education KW - Education and training KW - Hearing impaired persons KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special education students KW - Students KW - Visually impaired persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/459186 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00453154 JO - Clinical Chemistry PB - American Association for Clinical Chemistry AU - Dubowski, K M AU - American Association for Clinical Chemistry TI - BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BREATH-ALCOHOL ANALYSIS PY - 1974 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - p. 294-299 AB - We studied several relevant biological aspects of breath-alcohol analysis in 55 healthy men and women, after alcohol ingestion and during breath-alcohol analysis with a typical 4th-generation instrument. We measured breath volumes, delivery pressures, and end-expiratory temperatures, with the following findings: End-expiratory temperature, 32.41-35.69 deg C (mean, 34.53 deg C); forced vital capacity, 1825-6550 ml (mean, 4038 ml); maximum expiration after normal inspiration, 1180-4550 ml (mean, 2730 ml); breath delivery pressure into a prototype Borg-Warner Model P-7 breath-alcohol apparatus, 8-50 inches H2O (mean, 21.3). These data and other pertinent findings from this study should assist in more rational design of breath-sampling systems in forthcoming breath-alcohol instruments and in developing valid procedures for their use. KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Biological factors KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Environmental impacts KW - Living things KW - Measuring instruments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270925 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00453155 JO - Clinical Chemistry PB - American Association for Clinical Chemistry AU - Dubowski, K M AU - American Association for Clinical Chemistry TI - BREATH ANALYSIS AS A TECHNIQUE IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PY - 1974 VL - 20 IS - 8 SP - p. 966-972 AB - Breath possesses unique advantages as a specimen for clinical chemical analyses, including the continuous equilibrium of gases and volatile substances between expired alveolar air and the pulmonary blood circulation. Substances amenable to analysis in breath include O2, CO2, CO, and other gases, volatile organic compounds, and many drugs with sufficiently high vapor pressures at physiological temperatures. Practical aspects of breath sampling and breath analysis are discussed, exemplified by breath-alcohol analysis. The requirements for obtaining breath samples in equilibrium with the pulmonary blood circulation are delineated, and experimental data are presented for the significant breath-sample characteristics bearing on design of breath collection and storage systems (end-expiratory temperature, breath volumes). KW - Alcohol breath tests KW - Biochemistry KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Measuring instruments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399206 AU - Bete (Channing L) Company, Incorporated TI - MOTORCYCLING AND YOU: 56 IDEAS FOR TWO-WHEELED SAFETY. 1974 EDITION PY - 1974 SP - 15 p. AB - An illustrated, easily readable handbook intended for the motorcyclist emphasizes the skill needed to operate a motorcycle safety. Suggestions are given for proper behavior in traffic, correct use of brakes and gears, defensive driving, smooth steering, use of traction, and wearing helmets, goggles and protective clothing. KW - Behavior KW - Drivers KW - Goggles KW - Handbooks KW - Helmets KW - Motor skills KW - Motorcyclists KW - Protective clothing KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394077 AU - Jones, F E AU - Quindry, T L AU - Rinkinen, W J AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - EMERGENCY VEHICLE SIRENS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1974 SP - 55 p. AB - A test program was conducted using 23 automobiles, four electronic sirens, and nine electromechanical sirens. Measurements were made of the directional radiation pattern and spectral distribution of the sirens, the field insertion loss (FIL) of the cars when closed, masking noise in the cars while being driven over a test route, and the phase cancellation pattern due to reflection for an electronic siren. Directional response measurements were also made for a pair of electronic siren speakers in three arrangements. Directional response and sound power were measured in an anechoic chamber; other measurements were made in the field. Adjusting the measured mean sound pressure levels for spherical spreading, the pressure level for the electronic sirens ranges from 104 to 128 dB. at a loudspeaker-to-subject distance of 16 m., and from 92 to 116 dB. at 64 m. The corresponding values for the nine electromechanical sirens are 93 to 106 dB. at 16 m., and 81 to 94 dB. at 64 m. For a FIL of 30 dB. (maximum loss at 1000 Hz) and a value of effective loudness sufficient for recognition in the presence of masking noise, the sound pressure required from the siren signal at the exterior of a subject vehicle ranges from 100 to 108 dB. The maximum value is within the range of sound levels of electronic sirens at 64 m., but outside the range of electromechanical sirens even at 16 m. On the basis of the siren signal power level required, there is little advantage in shifting the tone of maximum power from 1000 Hz. to 2000 Hz. and none in shifting to 500 Hz. Directional response data favor the 1000 Hz. vs. 2000 Hz. frequency. Siren performance could be improved by optimizing the radiation pattern to concentrate signal power in the preferred directions. The combined effects of sound attenuation properties of cars, the masking noise inside the cars, and the spherical spreading of the siren signal severely limit siren effectiveness as a warning device on emergency vehicles. Subjective psychoacoustic tests as a supplement to this test program are indicated. KW - Design KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Performance KW - Sirens UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394080 AU - Landrum & Brown TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY FOR ALABAMA (1974) PY - 1974 SP - 425 p. AB - The 1974 National Transportation Study is a milestone in transportation planning and programming for the State of Alabama. The study is divided into three major parts or phases: 1972 inventory; 1980 program; and 1990 plan. Alabama residents, like all Americans, are very transportation dependent. This dependence is most commonly manifested in personal automobile use. The State's transportation system reflects the population distribution and is becoming increasingly urban-oriented. Mass transit, the feasibility of which depends primarily on population density, is available in several cities. Air carrier service is confined to urbanized areas. The state has an excellent existing marine terminal in Mobile, but it needs improvement. Waterways are important and have been substantially developed. Notable features of the 1990 long-range plan concern the continued dependence on streets and highways and the need for continued funding at or near existing percentages of total transportation costs, needs and requirements of urbanized areas for mass transit, efficient utilization of airports, and improved docks and waterways. The 1980 program provides for phased implementation of the 1990 plan based on needs, requirements, and cost-effectiveness. The capital cost of the 1990 plan exceeds $5.6 billion, while annual cost in 1989 is expected to exceed $240 million. KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - States KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394079 AU - WRIGHT, E A AU - Hawaii Department of Transportation TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY (1974). NARRATIVE REPORT PY - 1974 SP - 166 p. AB - Hawaii's General Plan provides the basis for an integrated and coordinated land development policy, geared directly to anticipated population and economic growth. Projects to meet transportation needs in the state are reviewed. Transportation planning in Hawaii must consider the dual nature of the state's economy: the highly concentrated, dynamic urban society on the island of Oahu is the site of most economic activities, while rural neighbor island counties are primarily agricultural, with stable or declining rural populations. An efficient transportation system among all islands is important. Due to the tremendous growth in transportation requirements, Hawaii's program and financial plans for the 1972-1990 period are substantial. Capital and annual expenditures on highways, airports, and urban public transit will continue to dominate, accounting for about 90% of total transportation requirements. Hawaii is committed to a continuing, comprehensive, and coordinated transportation planning process, with full participation by local counties and state government. In 1975, Hawaii will establish a statewide comprehensive transportation program to implement the transportation policies recommended by the Temporary Commission on Environmental Planning, and to create a regional transportation agency for receipt of Federal planning funds. The program is envisioned as a regional umbrella planning organization, formalized by memoranda of understanding between the governor and county mayors. A cost summary of the 1972 transportation inventory, the 1980 program, and the 1990 plan is provided. KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Public participation KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367298 AU - International Association of Chiefs of Police TI - REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF PEDESTRIAN/BICYCLIST SAFETY POLICIES, PROCEDURES, METHODS AND CAPABILITIES. VOL. 1 PY - 1974 SP - 366 p. AB - Findings and conclusions are presented from a study to determine remedial measures to improve some aspects of pedestrian/bicyclist enforcement programs. In addition to 30 on-site visits, efforts were made to obtain copies of regulations, to assess enforcement policies and rationale, to determine enforcement procedures and practices, to point out weak and strong aspects of the programs, and to assess the financial and manpower capability to conduct effective programs. Recommendations appearing most often in site reports concern the lack of basic information related to bicycle/pedestrian experience, especially data summaries, and the lack of data analysis. Also lacking are statements of policy and/or directives for enforcement of bicycle/pedestrian regulations, including violations of these road-users' rights by motorists. Selective enforcement to reduce bicycle/pedestrian accidents is recommended, as well as safety education directed toward parents and school children in high-accident areas and toward drivers who violate bicycle/pedestrian rights. Changes are recommended in organization and/or responsibilities for promoting bicycle/pedestrian safety, including centralized supervision of these activities under one police commander and creation of an enforcement unit. Courts are advised to develop programs (i.e. traffic schools and safety education courses) for correction of violators responsible for bicycle/pedestrian accidents. It is recommended that efforts in bicycle/pedestrian accident reduction be commensurate with the severity of the local problem. No change is suggested for activities of highway and state patrols. Fifteen site visit reports are included. KW - Cyclists KW - Law enforcement KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Police KW - Policy KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367299 AU - International Association of Chiefs of Police TI - REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF PEDESTRIAN/BICYCLIST POLICIES, PROCEDURES, METHODS AND CAPABILITIES. VOL. 2 PY - 1974 SP - 347 p. AB - Fifteen site reports are presented from a study to determine remedial measures for improving some aspects of pedestrian/bicyclist enforcement programs. KW - Cyclists KW - Law enforcement KW - On the scene crash investigation KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Police KW - Policy KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367300 AU - MILLER, P M AU - DuWaldt, F A AU - PUGLIESE, S M AU - Ryder, M O AU - Calspan Corporation TI - RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESEARCH SAFETY VEHICLE (RSV). INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1974 SP - 349 p. AB - Vehicle specifications are presented which are considered suitable for a vehicle introduced in the mid-1980's. These are based upon the results of an earlier study which defined characteristics suitable for a vehicle for this time period. Attention is focussed on overall costs of highway safety in relation to both social loss and vehicle costs, the priorities necessary for improving crashworthiness, and test methodology appropriate for the Research Safety Vehicle (RSV). In recognition of the eventual development of a producible automobile, an approach which would upgrade a production car to the RSV specifications is recommended. A suitable production vehicle and its more important features relevant to the RSV specifications have been identified under the following categories: dimensions, safety performance (vehicle handling and stability, visibility, driver environment and crash energy management systems, and occupant compartment specifications), vehicle systems (cooling, exhaust, electrical, and maintenance) and producibility. Appended are crash injury reduction test conditions. KW - Costs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Research safety vehicle KW - Safety vehicles KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178385 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132143 AU - Sellers, E M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE PHARMACOKINETIC COMPONET OF DRUG EFFECTS ON DRIVING SKILLS PY - 1974 SP - p. 271-293 AB - This paper discusses the extent and source of inter-individual variations in metabolic fate of drugs other than alcohol upon driving skills. Serum concentrations are better predictors of therapeutic effect of toxicity than dose for many drugs. The evidence is best for drugs with easily measurable and points of clinical efficacy, and worst with psychotherapeutic agents. Paradoxically, serum concentration measurements will be of greatest use eventually where direct measurements of therapeutic effect or toxicity is most difficult. The design of future studies of drug effects on driving skills should be based on a greater awareness of the metabolic fate and pharmacologic actions of the experimental drugs. (MW) U1 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drug effects KW - Drugs KW - Metabolism KW - Personnel performance KW - Pharmacologic effect KW - Toxicity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45013 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132144 AU - Franks, H M AU - STARMER, G A AU - CHESHER, G B AU - Jackson, D M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE INTERACTION OF ALCOHOL AND DELTA TO THE NINTH POWER--TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL IN MAN PY - 1974 SP - p. 461-466 AB - The present investigation, which is the first of a series, set out to study the effects of a single moderate dose of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) upon the impairment induced by a similarly moderate dose of ethanol. It was hoped that any THC modifications of the drug would be revealed. A battery of tests was selected to obtain a broad coverage of those sensory, motor and intellectual functions which have been reported to be sensitive to the effects of ethanol. The 12 subjects were of both sexes and aged between 18 and 29 years. All were non-naive as regards cannabis. Both THC and ethanol were administered orally. Placebo capsules contained only sesame oil. The group which received both ethanol and THC had higher blood ethanol levels than that which received ehtanol alone. At the dose level employed, ethanol did not induce significant decrements in performance in any of the tests. Similarly, THC alone was without significant effect in most of the tests. A combination of ethanol and THC did produce changes in several of the tests which were significantly different. Of importance was the increase in errors, but not in performance, in the numerical reasoning and perceptual tests. The results indicate that an interaction between ethanol and THC was apparent in the tests employed and that this interaction was at least additive. U1 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Alcohols KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Marijuana KW - Motor skills KW - Personnel performance KW - Sensory motor coordination UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45014 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132149 AU - Pierce, J AU - Hieatt, D AU - Goodstadt, M AU - Lonero, M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED CAMPAIGN AGAINST DRINKING AND DRIVING PY - 1974 SP - p. 869-879 AB - Through the use of a pre-post-test control group design we have been able to arrive at some valid assessments of the effectiveness of the different components of our drinking-driving campaign. There was some measure of success. The campaign was effective in increasing the number of people who reported not driving home when they were drunk; it informed people of the maximum legal blood alcohol level, and that jail was a possible penalty of drinking and driving; and it increased the number of conversations about drinking and driving. By using two groups of 9 cities each, distributed over the most highly populated areas of Ontario, we managed to avoid the problem of historical and seasonal effects which often plague evaluative attempts. Other aspects of our particular pre-test/post-test control group design eliminated the common problems of pre-test sensitization, instrumentation effects, and lack of homogeneity among survey samples. The success attained in developing effective traffic safety programs may depend on whether or not the concerned agencies integrate this type of research design with their countermeasure programs. Once we are able to exchange valid assessments of the effectiveness of our safety programs and their components, then we may make definite progress towards eliminating the traffic hazards presented by improper driver behavior. /Author/ U1 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Community action programs KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Experiments KW - Publicity KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45017 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132164 AU - Kornaczewski, A AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF THE DRINKING DRIVER PY - 1974 SP - p. 239-247 AB - The study showed that alcoholics have a distinctive pattern of offences. They were significantly more likely than controls to be convicted of offences relating to drink-driving, danagerous driving, accidents, unlicensed driving and illegal use of motor vehicles. This pattern of offences extended to convicted drinking drivers and suggested that alcohol was an unrecognized faster in more serious offences. The repetition of drink-driving and serious offences (which were relatively uncommon) and the frequent high BACs of the drivers involved indicated that many of these drivers often drove while intoxicated. The determination of the BACs of the persons involved in these offences together with this pattern of offences should be used as a screening device to identify problem drinkers for subsequent treatment. License withdrawal was shown to be an ineffective answer because of the continued convictions of these drivers. The criminal records helped indicate that while alcohol was a factor in traffic offences there were other factors involved as shown by the different number of records among the alcoholics. The correlation between types of traffic convictions and criminal records, and the similarity of the types of offences among a driver's convictions, suggested that many drivers frequently drive or act in that manner. This needs to be taken into account by authorities dealing with prevention measures. (Author) U1 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Driver records KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Problem drivers KW - Traffic conviction KW - Treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45023 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132146 AU - Turk, R F AU - McBay, A J AU - Hudson, P AU - Bullaboy, M M AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - INVOLVEMENT OF ALCOHOL, CARBON MONOXIDE AND OTHER DRUGS IN TRAFFIC FATALITIES PY - 1974 SP - p. 597-606 AB - This report presents the results of a three-year study of the involvement of drugs and carbon monoxide in automobile operators and pedestrians killed in six counties of North Carolina. It reveals that the major drug detected in operators and pedestrians fatally injured in automobile crashes was ethyl alcohol. Drugs other than alcohol most frequently encountered were the sedative hypnotics which were represented by the barbiturates; the analgesics, represented by propoxyphene, salicylates and phenacetin; the antiepileptic drug, diphenylhydantoin; the antiarrhythmic drug, quinidine and lastly, the antimalarial drug and also a common ingredient in tonic water and "street" heroin, quinine. Microscopic examination indicated that the livers of at least half of the drivers and pedestrians showed evidence that they had been chronic alcoholic. This indicates a gross over-representation of alcoholics among the driver crash victim and the pedestrian crash victim populations. /Author/ U1 - Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Alcohols KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Crash victims KW - Drugs KW - Ethanol KW - Fatalities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45016 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132156 AU - Woodhouse, E J AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - THE PREVALENCE OF DRVGS IN FATALLY INJURED DRIVERS PY - 1974 SP - p. 147-158 AB - The goals of this program were to sample the physiological fluids of fatally injured drivers and analyze such samples for the presence of a wide range of drugs; and, develop methods for the acquisition and analysis of specimens from fatally injured drivers. Specimens of blood, urine, bile and alcohol swabs from the fingers and oronsal area, were collected from 710 fatally injured drivers. Data on the crash victim and circumstances for each specimen were acquired. Collection took place between December 1971 and September 1973. Only 699 specimen sets were returned in usable condition. During analytical procedures, control samples were run simultaneously with driver specimens. A given drug may be much more detectable in one test than in another. Approximately one in 11 urine or bile tests were positive, whereas about one of 20 blood tests were positive. A positive response to one or more of the quantitated drugs, excluding alcohol, was found in 91 out of 695 drivers. Blood and bile tests greatly underestimate nicotine occurrence. The reliability of the swab test method for marijuana smoker detection needs evaluation, but the basic concept seems to have merit. Alcohol was the most dangerous drug examined, and was used more than any other drug except nicotine. The drug groups traquilizers, antihistamines, and stimulants did not furnish a large enough sample to be stratified meaningly. U1 - Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Alcohols KW - Crash victims KW - Drugs KW - Fatalities KW - Specimens UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45018 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00132145 AU - Sterling-Smith, R S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL, MRIJUANA AND OTHER DRUG PATTERNS AMONG OPERATORS INVOLVED IN FATAL MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENTS PY - 1974 SP - p. 93-105 AB - During the past 30 months the Boston research team has investigated 300 motor vehicles accidents involving a personal fatality in the greater metropolitan area with the principle focus of attention being upon the historica and focal human factor variables associated with the operator of the vehicle judged to have been "most responsible" for the crash. Both decreased and surviving operators were investigated. Some of the significant results for 267 of these operators were discussed. These results have shown that 139 (52%) of the "most responsible" operators were known to have been under the influence of some drug at the time of the focal collision. The overlapping drug categories have included: 122 (46%) of the operators influenced to some degree by alcohol, 43 (16%) of the operators known to have been smoking marijuana and another 22 (8%) who had been using some street or pharmaceutical drug. The operators known to have been using some combination of these drugs included 43 (16%) of these subjects under consideration. The findings show that the drinking operator likely to become involved in a fatal crash as the "most responsible" operator can be identified in advance. If this is the case, the primary questions facing interested officials today are: How can he be drawn from the general population? How can he be re-oriented in his life style so that his potential element of risk can be substantially reduced? It is the opinion of the Boston team that this very particular task should not be delegated to law enforcement officials but rather given over to psycho-social professionals whose research and clinical skills have prepared them for such an effort. Apprehension and prosecution after the fact do not appear to be the means of controlling highway carnage. Instead the potentially risky motor vehicle operator should be sought out, re-educated and, if necessary, rehabilitated as quickly as he can be identified. /Author/ U1 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Alcohols KW - Crash exposure KW - Driver improvement KW - Driver improvement programs KW - Drugs KW - Fatalities KW - Marijuana UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/45015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263192 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ALCOHOL SAFETY ACTION PROJECTS-EVALUATION OF OPERATIONS, 1972 PY - 1974 VL - 1 SP - 69 p. AB - Starting in 1971, the Department of Transportation began a series of projects called Alchol Safety Action Projects (ASAPs) to demonstrate a systems approach to solving the drunk driver problem through a multifaceted countermeasure program. Results from the first year of operations by the 29 ASAPs covered in this report indicate success in generating countermeasure activity as shown by large increases in alcohol-related traffic arrests, cases processed by the courts, and drinking drivers in rehabilitation programs. In addition, projects have demonstrated success in serving as the community focal point and coordination center for a systematic attack on the problem of drunk driving. Data from the 19 ASAPs which have conducted roadside surveys of the blood alcohol concentrations of nighttime fatal crashes were used as the best criterion measure of project impact, since the improvements in data collection produced by the ASAPs reduced the usefulness of other measures (such as the blood alcohol concentration of fatally injured drivers) as indicators of project effectiveness. An analysis of quarterly data covering 3 baseline and 2 operational years for the 8 ASAPs which began in January 1971, show a statistically significant drop in the number of nighttime fatal crashes during project operations. The 21 projects operational for one year did not demonstrate a statistically individual evaluation reports, seven out of twenty-nine sites reported stastically significant reductions in one or more categories of crash data. This report contains conclusions and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of activities in each of the major countermeasure areas. KW - Blood alcohol levels KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Research KW - Traffic arrests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090042 AU - Denver University AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - REPORT ON PROTOTYPE HIGHWAY SAFETY AND TRAFFIC OFFENSE ADJUDICATION TRAINING PROGRAM PY - 1973/12 SP - 249 p. AB - A prototype highway safety and traffic offense adjudication training symposium explored ways to make traffic offense adjudication more highway safety effective. State supreme court justices, other state officials involved in traffic adjudication and highway safety, and national experts, were in attendance at the 1972 symposium in Denver, Colorado. The symposium highlighted the relationship between traffic violations and highway accidents; the advisability of implementing administrative hearings to supplement or replace traffic court adjudication; the need for change in the traffic law system; improved rehabilitation techniques for problem drivers; and, innovative approaches in handling problem drinker drivers. KW - Adjudication KW - Alcoholism KW - Control KW - Countermeasures KW - Courts KW - Drivers KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Hearings KW - Law enforcement KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Meetings KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Planning KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Public law KW - Public opinion KW - Revisions KW - Safety KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic violations KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263371 AU - Boyer, R C AU - Enserink, E AU - Ultrasystems, Incorporated AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PASSENGER CAR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL TEST PROGRAM PY - 1973/12 SP - 251 p. AB - The effects of various antilock system configurations on the directional control of passenger cars are documented. Tests were conducted on straight and curved paths with high, medium, and low friction coefficient surfaces. To isolate the effects of the antilock systems, one test vehicle was tested with the following antilock systems: no antilock; drive shaft controlled rear; select-low rear; select-low front and rear; independent front, select-low rear; four-wheel independent. Two additional vehicles of similar weight were tested with and without a drive shaft controlled rear antilock system to assess the effects of vehicle dynamics. Results suggest that the four-wheel independent configuration performs best from a safety standpoint and that vehicle dynamics affect performance of the antilock system. /NTIS/ KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Antilock brake systems KW - Automobiles KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Control KW - Crash causes KW - Curved track KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Direction KW - Four wheel drive KW - Testing KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262718 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY DEFECT RECALL CAMPAIGNS DETAILED REPORTS FROM 1 JULY TO 30 SEPTEMBER 1973 PY - 1973/12 SP - 531 p. AB - The document is comprised of correspondence from vehicle manufacturers to the Department of Transportation, dealers, and owners concerning the recall of vehicles with possible defects. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Defects KW - Manufacturing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Recall campaigns KW - Reports KW - Safety factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080752 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL SAFETY BELT USAGE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS PY - 1973/11 SP - 114 p. AB - The addresses and workshop reports of the 1973 National Safety Belt Usage Conference demonstrate that the concept of safety belt use laws is effective in significantly reducing highway deaths and injuries. To help community leaders and concerned state legislators develop a strategy for achieving belt use laws in their states, the experience of Australia is emphasized. Federal incentives for safety belt laws are discussed, and suggestions made regarding ways in which safety legislation may be presented in a favorable light. This should be a coordinated and concerted effort at the local, state, and national level. KW - Community values KW - Conferences KW - Crash rates KW - Fatalities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Laws KW - Local government KW - Manual safety belts KW - Social values KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261786 AU - Sterling-Smith, R S AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A HUMAN FACTORS ANALYSIS OF MOST RESPONSIBLE DRIVERS IN FATAL ACCIDENTS PY - 1973/11 SP - 14 p. AB - A special study of the alcohol/drug problem associated with the 'most responsible' drivers in fatal collisions occurring in the Greater Boston area is at present being conducted. The study is designed to answer four questions in the human/psychological/alcohol/drug areas with regard to these drivers: (1) differences between most responsible drivers who kill themselves (Type I), most responsible drivers who kill another driver or passenger (Type II), and drivers who kill pedestrians (Type III); (2) differences between alcohol-involved and non-alcohol-involved drivers; (30) differences between alcohol-involved drivers and drivers arrested for DWI; and (4) differences between drivers involved in fatal collisions within the Boston ASAP geographic area and those occurring outside the ASAP area. /NTIS/ KW - Alcohols KW - Analysis KW - Behavior KW - Crashes KW - Driver performance KW - Driver psychology KW - Drivers KW - Drugs KW - Drunk driving KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - Personnel performance KW - Psychological aspects KW - Responsibilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054492 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 10 PY - 1973/11 SP - 327 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The Teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00052212 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 7 PY - 1973/11 SP - 366 p. AB - The report contains summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the casual factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00052206 AU - Teel, S S AU - Peirce, S J AU - Lutkefedder, N W AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUTOMOTIVE RECORDER RESEARCH-DISC RECORDER PILOT PROJECT. VOLUME I. FLEET STATUS AND DATA SYSTEM PROCEDURES PY - 1973/11 SP - 62 p. AB - The NHTSA has developed automotive recorders which can measure crash triaxial acceleration/time histories during vehicle collisions. From these acceleration histories (recorded on a magnetic disc), velocity/time histories and velocity change during impact are derived to provide measures of vehicle crash severity. The purpose of developing these recorders is to provide firm unbiased relationships of vehicle crash severity with occupant fatalities and serious injuries from real-world accidents. To date, a total of 1200 recorders has been produced and over 800 have been installed in fleet vehicles. This two volume report has been prepared to document the status of the Disc Recorder Pilot Project as of October 31, 1973. Volume I describes briefly the 30 accidents which have occurred to date and the procedures that have been developed for accident notification, recorder removal and disposition, recorder post-crash calibration, and data encoding, processing and distribution. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051683 AU - RADLINSKI, R W AU - HARVEY, J L AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SAFETY SYSTEMS LABORATORY PARTICIPATION IN SAE RESEARCH PROJECT R-11-FIELD EVALUATION OF BRAKE FLUID MOISTURE PICKUP IN VEHICLES PY - 1973/11 SP - 118 p. AB - The objectives were to provide data to permit a comparison between the moisture pickup of conventional and new types of fluids being proposed for use in braking systems such as low hygroscopic and low water sensitive brake fluids under typical service conditions; to use this data in calibrating and verifying laboratory humidification of brake fluids; and to note the condition of vehicle braking system components at the end of the test period as indicating the degradation effects of water wet brake fluid on the hydraulic system components under field service conditions. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Brake fluids KW - Components KW - Degradation KW - Field tests KW - Hygroscopic coefficient KW - Moisture content KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nhtsa KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Sampling KW - Sensitivity KW - Statistics KW - Time KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051678 AU - RADLINSKI, R W AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MVSS 105A-HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEMS-VEHICLE TEST PROGRAM PY - 1973/11 SP - 220 p. AB - Five vehicles were tested to Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 105a, Hydraulic Brake Systems, to determine the degree current production (1973) braking systems comply with the 1976 model year requirements. A large school bus, a motor home, a compact pickup truck, a four-wheel drive carryall and a passenger car were instrumented and utilized as test vehicles. The report presents a description of the test program and an analysis of the results. It includes: descriptions of test vehicles, instrumentation and the test site; detailed data sheets; vehicle performance summaries and graphs; and a discussion of results. KW - Automobiles KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Design standards KW - Evaluation KW - Hydraulic brakes KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nhtsa KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Reliability KW - Tests KW - Trucks KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262675 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SHOULDER HARNESSES: SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1973/10 SP - 25 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. KW - Abstracts KW - Documents KW - Publications KW - Shoulder harness KW - Shoulder harnesses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054460 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1973/10 SP - 47 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054463 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - HEAD RESTS/RESTRAINTS PY - 1973/10 SP - 13 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054464 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SHOULDER HARNESSES PY - 1973/10 SP - 25 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054461 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - SEAT BELTS/SAFETY BELTS PY - 1973/10 SP - 81 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054462 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - RESTRAINT SYSTEMS PY - 1973/10 SP - 81 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. Portions of this document are not fully legible. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054465 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CHILD INFANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS AND SEATING PY - 1973/10 SP - 14 p. AB - The documents cited in this publication are in the NHTSA Technical Reference Division collection and can be examined there. Since this collection was established in 1967 most of the publications cited bear a publication date of 1967 or later. Citations and abstracts are those that have previously appeared in the NHTSA publication Highway Safety Literature. KW - Adolescents KW - Bibliographies KW - Infants KW - Minors KW - Passenger restraints KW - Restraint systems KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00052213 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 8 PY - 1973/10 SP - 246 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the casual factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00052214 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 9 PY - 1973/10 SP - 306 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are studied involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The teams investigate the accidents in-depth and each element of the collision (human, vehicle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles involved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the casual factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14686 ER - TY - SER AN - 00207603 JO - NCHRP Research Results Digest PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LOCKED-WHEEL PAVEMENT SKID TESTER CORRELATION AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES PY - 1973/09 IS - 49 SP - p. 1-5 AB - The objective of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Project 1-12(2) was the development and verification of methods for improving the ability to measure reliably the skid resistance of wet pavement surfaces with skid testers in conformance with ASTM Method E-274-70. The approach used to improve the understanding and reliability of pavement skid resistance measurement involved: contacts with skid tester owners to collect information on test equipment and operating procedures; conduct of laboratory and field experiments to determine the effect of specific variables on skid resistance measurement; computer simulation studies on the influence of equipment dynamics on skid tester performance; development of tentative recommendations for reducing the variability in skid resistance measurement; and conduct of a two-week skid tester correlation program to verify and modify the tentative recommendations. An analysis of variance performed on data collected during the correlation program indicates that the precision of skid testers, although not completely satisfactory, is generally better than their accuracy. The factors most responsible for the initial poor correlation, in order of decreasing effect, were: force calibration and wheel-load errors; data interpretation and evaluation; water systems; and temperature differences. Applications and recommendations are outlined. KW - Calibration KW - Pavements KW - Performance KW - Skid resistance tests KW - Testing equipment KW - Wet pavements KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/103602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222372 AU - Cerrelli, E C AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - FAILURE INDICES - NEW IMPROVED MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE PY - 1973/09 SP - 52 p. AB - THIS STUDY UTILIZES THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF "INDIRECT EXPOSURE" TO ARRIVE AT AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE TO ESTIMATE THE LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE OF DRIVER-VEHICLE CLASSES. IN THE PREVIOUS STUDY, "DRIVER EXPOSURE, INDIRECT APPROACH TO OBTAIN RELATIVE MEASURES", A PROCEDURE WAS ESTABLISHED (AND APPLIED) FOR ESTIMATING THE DRIVING EXPOSURE OF VARIOUS DRIVER CLASSES, BASED ON REPORTED ACCIDENT RESPONSIBILITY. THIS REPORT FOLLOWS THE SAME PROCEDURE BUT IN REVERSE ORDER. GIVEN ESTIMATES OF DRIVING EXPOSURE FOR SELECTED DRIVER- VEHICLE CLASSES, IT OBTAINS A MEASURE OF THEIR ACCIDENT RESPONSIBILITY, AND THEREFORE THEIR DRIVING PERFORMANCE. /NHTSA/ KW - Crash analysis KW - Crash causes KW - Crash exposure KW - Driver investigation KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Exposure KW - Failure KW - Failure theory KW - Highway safety KW - Indirect method KW - Measurement KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Personnel performance KW - Traffic crashes KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222305 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NEWS, AUGUST 3, 1973 PY - 1973/08/03 SP - 1 p. AB - ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION (NHTSA), THE PROJECT IS AUTHORIZED UNDER THE RECENTLY ENACTED MOTOR VEHICLE INFORMATION AND COST SAVINGS ACT. TITLE III OF THE ACT DIRECTS THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO ESTABLISH A SERIES OF DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION DEMONSTRATIONS TO PROVIDE ACCURATE INFORMATION ON THE PRACTICALITY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF VARYING DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS, ALONG WITH THE COST OF REPAIRS ON SAFETY AND EMISSION ITEMS WHICH HAVE FAILED TO PASS INSPECTION. THE LATEST DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT AND METHODS WILL BE EMPLOYED IN THE PROJECT, WHICH WILL BE ESTABLISHED IN SEPARATE LANES OF THE DISTRICT'S TWO EXISTING INSPECTION STATIONS. INITIALLY, ONE LANE WILL FIRST TEST THE EQUIPMENT, AFTER WHICH THE MOST COST EFFECTIVE UNITS WILL BE INTEGRATED INTO A COMPLETE DIAGNOSTIC INSPECTION LANE AT THE OTHER STATION, CONTROLLED AND SEQUENCED BY A COMPUTER. VOLUNTARY PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT WILL RECEIVE A COMPUTER PRINTOUT OF THE INSPECTED VEHICLE'S CONDITION. IN THE EVENT THAT THE CAR IS REJECTED ON THE INITIAL INSPECTION, IT CAN BE RETURNED AFTER THE INDICATED DIFICIENCIES HAVE BEEN CORRECTED, TO CHECK THE COST AND ADEQUACY OF THE REPAIRS, AT NO ADDITIONAL COST TO THE OWNER. KW - Air quality management KW - Automobiles KW - Costs KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Inspection KW - Methodology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00096379 AU - Eshleman, R L AU - Desai, S D AU - D'SOUZA, A F AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - STABILITY AND HANDLING CRITERIA OF ARTICULATED VEHICLES PY - 1973/08 SP - 531 p. AB - An analytical and experimental investigation on the stability and handling of articulated vehicles was conducted to develop stability criteria for tractor single-, double-, and triple-semitrailer vehicles during commonly encountered road and speed maneuvers subject to environmental influences. To this end, and experimentally validated digital simulation model, AVDS3, was further developed and validated. It was utilized to generate physical stability limits for articulated vehicles. During this investigation, the direct method of Lyapunov was employed to generate mathematical stability limits of cornering articulated vehicles. In addition, an effort was made to apply the concept of finite time stability to this problem. /Author/ KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Simulation KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Tractor trailer combinations KW - Trailers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222379 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. PY - 1973/08 VL - 4 IS - 6 SP - 336 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS CASE SUMMARIES OF RECENT IN-DEPTH REPORTS SUBMITTED BY NATIONAL HIGHWAY SAFETY ADMINISTRATION SPONSORED MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION TEAMS IN A CONTINUING SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS. ACCIDENTS ARE INVOLVING VEHICLES OF THE LAST THREE MODEL YEARS OF FATAL, INJURY PRODUCING, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE SEVERITY. THE TEAMS INVESTIGATE THE ACCIDENTS IN-DEPTH CONCERNING THEMSELVES WITH EACH ELEMENT OF THE COLLISION (HUMAN, VEHICLE, ENVIRONMENT) AS IT INTERACTS WITH EACH PHASE OF THE COLLISION (PRE-CRASH, CRASH, POST-CRASH). THE SUMMARIES CONSIST OF IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION, BASIC INFORMATION ON THE HIGHWAY AND VEHICLES INVOLVED, A DESCRIPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND OCCUPANTS WITH THEIR INJURIES, A PHASE-BY-PHASE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OF THE COLLISION, AND A LIST OF THE CAUSAL FACTORS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. A DIAGRAM OF EACH COLLISION IS INCLUDED. /NTIS/ KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Human factors KW - Injuries KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051504 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME 4, NUMBER 6 PY - 1973/08 SP - 336 p. AB - The report contains case summaries of recent in-depth reports submitted by National Highway Safety Adiministration sponsored Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Teams in a continuing series of publications. Accidents are involving vehicles of the last three model years of fatal, injury producing, or property damage severity. The teams investigate the accidents in-depth concerning themselves with each element of the collision (human, vehichle, environment) as it interacts with each phase of the collision (pre-crash, crash, post-crash). The summaries consist of identification information, basic information on the highway and vehicles invloved, a description of the drivers and occupants with their injuries, a phase-by-phase description of the sequence of events of the collision, and a list of the causal factors, conclusions and recommendations. A diagram of each collision is included. KW - Automobiles KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Fatalities KW - Highways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Nhtsa KW - Research KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00050786 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION INDEX TO ANNOUNCEMENTS APPEARING IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER, AUGUST 31, 1966--MARCH 26, 1973 PY - 1973/08 SP - 436 p. AB - A catalog and KWIC index are presented for all announcements pertaining to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration that appear in the Federal Register. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Nhsb KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Standards KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224531 AU - Shieh, R C AU - Calspan Corporation TI - BASIC RESEARCH IN CRASHWORTHINESS II-EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION STUDY OF THE ANALYTICAL PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE LARGE DEFLECTION DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PLANE ELASTO- PLASTIC FRAME STRUCTURES PY - 1973/07 SP - 97 p. AB - A VALIDATION STUDY IS MADE FOR THE ANALYTICAL PREDICTIVE TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED IN REFERENCES 2 AND 3 FOR THE LARGE- DEFLECTION STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PLANE ELASTO- PLASTIC FRAME STRUCTURES. THE TEST APPARATUS AND TEST RESULTS FOR FOUR MILD STEEL FRAME/RIGID BARRIER IMPACT (OR CRUSH) TESTS CONDUCTED SPECIFICALLY FOR THIS PURPOSE AT CALSPAN CORPORATION ARE DESCRIBED. THE TEST RESULTS ARE THEN COMPARED WITH THE CORRESPONDING ANALYTICAL RESULTS. IT IS FOUND THAT, IN THE DYNAMIC CASES STUDIED, THE ANALYTICAL RESULTS WHICH INCLUDE MATERIAL RATE-SENSITIVITY EFFECTS CORRELATE REASONABLY WELL WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS, WHICH THE ANALYTICAL RESULTS WHICH DO NOT INCLUDE SUCH EFFECTS CORRELATE VERY POORLY WITH EXPERIMENT. KW - Analysis KW - Chassis KW - Computer programs KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deformation KW - Dynamics KW - Frames KW - Impacts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224532 AU - DuWaldt, F A AU - Calspan Corporation TI - BASIC RESEARCH IN CRASHWORTHINESS II-STEERING ASSEMBLY PY - 1973/07 SP - 117 p. AB - THE ROLE OF THE STEERING ASSEMBLY AS AN ELEMENT OF A DRIVER RESTRAINT SYSTEM IN A CRASHWORTHY AUTOMOBILE IS STUDIED. "PIGGYBACK" TESTS WERE MADE ON INSTRUMENTED VEHICLE IMPACTS COMMITTED TO THE STRUCTURAL STUDIES IN THE PROGRAM "BASIC RESEARCH IN CRASHWORTHINESS". LABORATORY TESTS WERE MADE AND ADVANTAGE WAS TAKEN OF DATA IN THE LITERATURE TO DEFINE AN ARRAY OF ELEMENTS THAT COULD ENHANCE DRIVER AURVIVABILITY. THESE INCLUDE THE STEERING COLUMN JACKET ENERGY ABSORBER, AIR CUSHION, HYDRAULIC STRUT, KNEE BAR, STEERING HUB PAD, AND AN ENERGY ABSORBING FOUR BAR LINKAGE THIS STUDY IS APPENDED TO THE MORE BASIC EFFORT TO DEVELOP CRASHWORTHY STRUCTURES THAT ASSURE COMPARTMENT INTEGRITY- A RESULT THAT MUST BE OBTAINED BEFORE DRIVER RESTRAINT SYSTEMS CAN BE OF VALUE IN HIGH SPEED IMPACTS. KW - Air bags KW - Constraints KW - Crashworthiness KW - Impacts KW - Steering wheels KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222381 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES; VOLUME 4, NUMBER 5 PY - 1973/07 SP - 321 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS CASE SUMMARIES OF RECENT IN-DEPTH REPORTS SUBMITTED BY NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION SPONSORED MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION TEAMS IN A CONTINUING SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS ACCIDENTS ARE STUDIED WHICH INVOLVE VEHICLES OF THE LAST THREE MODEL YEARS AND ARE OF FATAL, INJURY PRODUCING, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE SEVERITY. THE TEAMS INVESTIGATE THE ACCIDENTS IN-DEPTH, CONCERNING THEMSELVES WITH EACH ELEMENT OF THE COLLISION (HUMAN, VEHICLE, ENVIRONMENT) AS IT INTER- ACTS WITH EACH PHASE OF THE COLLISION (PRE-CRASH, CRASH, POST-CRASH). THE SUMMARIES CONSIST OF IDENTIFICATION INFOR- MATION, BASIC INFORMATION ON THE HIGHWAY AND VEHICLES IN- VOLVED, A DESCRIPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND OCCUPANTS WITH THEIR INJURIES, A PHASE-BY-PHASE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE OFEVENTS OF THE COLLISION, AND A LIST OF THE CAUSAL FACTORS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. A DIAGRAM OF EACH COLLISION IS INCLUDED. /NTIS/ KW - Crash causes KW - Crash diagrams KW - Crash investigation KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Environment KW - Fatalities KW - Human characteristics KW - Injuries KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133551 AU - Bryan, F A AU - Research Triangle Institute AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - CONTROL OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IN NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS PY - 1973/06 SP - 84 p. AB - The objectives of the project were to predict the requirements for, and to determine availability of, appropriate resources (manpower, equipment, special expertise, and medical treatment facilities) to cope with transportation accidents in North Carolina which involved radioactive materials. This needs and resource analysis included an evaluation of probable transportation routes and location of resources as a function of these routes. Matrices and maps were used to pictorially display resources distribution and to form a basis for estimating current availability and unmet need as a function of geographic location and accident severity. /HRIS/ KW - Crash severity KW - Geography KW - Maps KW - Natural resources KW - Radioactive materials KW - Routes KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41607 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00224420 JO - Accident Analysis & Prevention PB - Elsevier AU - Carrelli, E C TI - DRIVER EXPOSURE; THE INDIRECT APPROACH FOR OBTAINING RELATIVE MEASURES PY - 1973/06 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - p. 147-56 AB - THE INDUCED EXPOSURE PROCEDURE IS USED TO OBTAIN THREE INDICES: RELATIVE EXPOSURE INDEX, LIABILITY INDEX AND HAZARD INDEX. VALUES OF THESE INDICES ARE COMPUTED FOR THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES: RURAL/URBAN, MALE/FEMALE, AGE (7), DAY/NIGHT, TIME OF DAY, WEEKEND/WEEKDAY FOR 1.7 MILLION ACCIDENTS IN 25 STATES. THE LIABILITY INDEX COMPARING MALES UNDER 20 WITH MALES 21-24 AGREES QUITE WELL WITH ESTABLISHED WEIGHING FACTORS FOR AN INSURANCE GROUP. KW - Age KW - Crash exposure KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash types KW - Crashes KW - Exposure KW - Gender KW - Hazards KW - Negligence KW - Research KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00222365 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION SUMMARIES. VOLUME IV, NUMBER 4 PY - 1973/06 SP - 256 p. AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS CASE SUMMARIES OF RECENT IN-DEPTH REPORTS SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION SPONSORED MULTIDISCIPLINARY ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION TEAMS IN A CONTINUING SERIES OF PUBLICATIONS. ACCIDENTS ARE STUDIED INVOLVING VEHICLES OF THE LAST THREE MODEL YEARS OF FATAL, INJURY PRODUCING, OR PROPERTY DAMAGE SEVERITY. THE TEAMS INVESTIGATE THE ACCIDENTS IN-DEPTH CONCERNING THEMSELVES WITH EACH ELEMENT OF THE COLLISION (HUMAN, VEHICLE, ENVIRONMENT) AS IT INTERACTS WITH EACH PHASE OF THE COLLISION (PRE-CRASH, CRASH, POST-CRASH). THE SUMMARIES CONSIST OF IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION, BASIC INFORMATION ON THE HIGHWAY AND VEHICLES INVOLVED, A DESCRIPTION OF THE DRIVERS AND OCCUPANTS WITH THEIR INJURIES, A PHASE-BY-PHASE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OF THE COLLISION, AND A LIST OF THE CAUSAL FACTORS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. A DIAGRAM OF EACH COLLISION IS INCLUDED. KW - Crash causes KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Highway design KW - Injuries KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00050148 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AUDIOVISUAL CATALOG OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION. DECEMBER 1970-DECEMBER 1972 PY - 1973/06 SP - 1055 p. AB - The audiovisuals listed represent motion-picture films, slides and still photographs produced or purchased by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Automobiles KW - Catalogs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Design standards KW - Highway planning KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motion pictures KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Photographs KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic safety KW - Visual aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132199 AU - Lewis, W E AU - Rollier, D A AU - Weinheimer, J AU - Greenway, R AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF HTE JUDICAIAL DISPOSITION OF ALCOHOL RELATED TRAFFIC ARRESTS -- 1972 ANALYTIC STUDY IV PY - 1973/05/30 SP - 62 p. AB - Under the Alcohol Safety Action Project, the capabilities of the Phoenix Judicial System were expanded to handle the increased enforcement activity. The court functions as the vehicle which moves the convicted DWI into one or more rehabilitative processes. The Judicial Countermeasures area covers arraignment and prosecution. The Judicial Countermeasure contributed to the overall project objectives of reducing alcohol related accidents, injuries and fatalities. The most pressing problem in the judicial countermeasure is the backlog of DWI cases. In addition, there are increases in trails due to increases in not guilty pleas, reduction in convictions, increase in overtime or loss of effective patrol time for enforcement officers, increase in costs for processing DWI cases, increase of time between data of arrest and entry into the rehabilitative programs. (MW) KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - Rehabilitation KW - Traffic arrests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01344932 AU - Stoke, Charles B AU - Virginia Highway Research Council AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - Characteristics and Effectiveness of the Fairfax, Virginia ASAP Driver Improvement Schools PY - 1973/05 SP - 24p AB - There are two driver improvement schools in simultaneous operation associated with the Fairfax, Virginia Alcohol Safety Action Program (ASAP) One is conduced by the Northern Virginia Community College (NVCC) and the other by the Fairfax County Public Schools (FCPS). The NVCC organized and developed a specialized alcohol curriculum prior to the establishment of the FCPS program. For this report, data from the NVCC classes are more numerous, consistent, and organized. The FCPS program is now overcoming its initial organizational and administrative difficulties. This report analyzes the data available on the effectiveness of the driver knowledge portion of the NVCC program. There was a statistically significant increase between pre-and post-test scores. All this benefit cannot be definitely perscribed to the curriculum because the pretest was reviewed by students after completion. Some .unmeasurable portion can be attributed to course content and instruction. For future evaluation, analyses are proposed to be carried out in the following areas. (1) FCPS knowledge scores, (2) NVCC and FCPS attitude scores, (3) recidivism rates for NVCC and FCPS graduates, and (4) the comparative effectiveness between the NVCC and the FCPS programs. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Alcohol tests KW - Driver education KW - Driver training KW - Drunk drivers KW - Education and training methods KW - Fairfax County (Virginia) KW - Human factors in crashes KW - Northern Virginia KW - Safety programs KW - Traffic crashes UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37700/37712/72-R38.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1105739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00453145 AU - New York State Department of Motor Vehicles TI - NEW YORK STATE EXPERIMENTAL DRIVER REHABILITATION PROGRAM PY - 1973/05 SP - 52 p. AB - This report discusses three New York State driver rehabilitation programs in effect at the time this report was prepared (May, 1973) and a fourth rehabilitation program scheduled to begin in May, 1973. These programs are as follows: 1. The Experimental Driver Rehabilitation Program, which in 1970 established programs in Monroe County and in New York City, was the first program to become operational. The program uses group dynamics techniques to treat drivers convicted of both alcohol related offenses as well as those suspended or revoked for other reasons. 2. The Nassau County Alcohol Countermeasure Program, one of the Alcohol Safety Action Projects funded by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, is modeled substantially on the New York State Experimental Driver Rehabilitation Program, the major difference being restriction to only alcohol related driving convictions. 3. The DWI Counterattack Program, a joint effort of the Department of Motor Vehicles and the Automobile Association of America, is operating in Erie, Onondaga, and Westchester Counties. This program, also concerned only with alcohol related convictions, is shorter in length than the other two programs and has treated more than 3,000 drivers since it began in October, 1971. 4. The Suffolk County DWI Rehabilitation Program will emphasize alcohol rehabilitation at ancillary agencies for a randomly selected group of drivers convicted of DWI during the program's one year scheduled run. KW - Alcohol Safety Action Program KW - Asap (Alcohol safety action program) KW - Countermeasures KW - Driver license revocation KW - Driver license suspension KW - Driver licenses KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Drunk drivers KW - Drunk driving KW - New York (State) KW - Programs KW - Rehabilitation KW - Revocation KW - Suspensions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361370 AU - Green, R J AU - Denver University TI - METHODS OF PREDICTING PERFORMANCE OF BUMPER ENERGY ABSORBERS IN AUTOMOBILE COLLISIONS PY - 1973/05 SP - v.p. AB - This report sets forth methods for determining the performance of several principal types of energy absorber. Although the types covered have been discussed in terms of applications for automobile energy absorbing bumper systems, they are suitable for other applications as well. Such applications might, for example, include utilization in seat belts, guard rails, steering columns, seat systems, test sled decelerators, landing gears, rail car couplers, elevator snubbers, and other devices needing to absorb energy in a managed fashion. It is hoped that this report will contribute to the development of basic background and analytical tools for those solutions to problems which may arise with respect to the selection and design of suitable energy absorbers for a variety of applications. KW - Applications KW - Attenuation (Physics) KW - Bumpers KW - Crash cushions KW - Deflection KW - Energy absorbers KW - Energy absorbing bumpers KW - Energy absorbing materials KW - Energy absorption KW - Load deflection KW - Loads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098938 AU - EPPINGER, R H AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN SAFETY RESEARCH PY - 1973/05 SP - 8 p. AB - Automobile impacts with pedestrians continue to account for approximately 10,000 fatalities and 150,000 injuries on the nation's roadways annually. This remains an area of the total highway fatality and injury spectrum which is virtually unaddressed by present safety standards. A review of past pedestrian impact research consisting of statistical analyses of accident data, experimental impacts utilizing vehicles and pedestrian surrogates, and development of various analytical pedestrian simulators reveals the areas and direction needed for additional research in pedestrian impact protection area. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's pedestrian impact protection program is discussed and considered in relation to both the objectives of pedestrian injury mitigation and compatibility with the design considerations of the crashworthiness programs. /Author/ KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Pedestrian protection KW - Pedestrian safety KW - Pedestrian-vehicle crashes KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37898 ER -