TY - RPRT AN - 00191250 AU - Pinkus, O AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ADVANCED STERN-TUBE BEARING SYSTEMS PY - 1978/10 SP - 160 p. AB - This report covers the development of new bearing concepts aimed at improving the conditions and reliability of stern-tube bearing operation. An analysis of shaft bending and bearing performance has been translated into appropriate computer programs which provide comprehensive solutions to the shaft-bearing problem. Two new bearing arrangements, one rigid and one self-aligning, both containing new bearing designs, are proposed which provide system optimization for each particular vessel. A sample analysis of an actual 380,000 DWT tanker is conducted in order to show the striking superiority of the proposed new bearing designs. KW - Alignment KW - Bearing analysis KW - Bearing design KW - Bearing lubrication KW - Bearings KW - Computer aided design KW - Design KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Lubrication KW - Mathematical models KW - Propeller shafts KW - Shaft bearings KW - Ships KW - Stern tube bearings KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191267 AU - C-E Marine Power Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED ATOMIZATION OF RESIDUAL FUELS FOR MARINE BOILERS. VOLUME I: DEVELOPMENT OF FULL-SCALE ATOMIZATION MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES PY - 1978/10 SP - 160 p. AB - This report includes a state-of-the-art literature survey of twin fluid atomizer design and the effect of fuel properties on atomizer performance; the identification, design, and purchase of equipment required to perform droplet size and ballistics measurements using laser diffraction and double spark photographic measurement techniques; and the modification of an existing C-E full scale combustion test facility to accept the installation of a typical Marine Burner Assembly. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Atomizers KW - Atomizing KW - Boilers KW - Chemical bond KW - Combustion KW - Combustion control KW - Design KW - Drops liquids KW - Equipment tests KW - Fuel atomization KW - Lasers KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Measurement KW - Mist KW - Oil burners KW - Residual fuels KW - Residual oils KW - Reviews KW - Sprayers KW - Test equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186756 AU - Mortada International AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE BUNKER FUELS - ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF PRICE AND AVAILABILITY PY - 1978/10 SP - 148 p. AB - This study develops forecasts through 1993 of the refiner's acquisition costs for crude oil from domestic sources and for crude oil imports. Domestic crude oil price and availability are analyzed by producing region, taking into account the effects of energy legislation on domestic crude oil prices. The level of imports is based on U.S. energy requirements and the supply of energy from domestic sources. The prices of Marine Bunker Fuels are forecast based on the refiner's acquisition costs of crude oil and the processing and desulfurization costs. The effects of the rising ratio of high to low sulfur crude oil on the availability of Marine Bunker Fuels are analyzed. KW - Availability KW - Bunker oils KW - Coal KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Crude oil KW - Crude oil imports KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy forecasts KW - Energy requirements KW - Energy resources KW - Energy sources KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel availability KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuel oils KW - Fuels KW - Imports KW - Natural gas KW - Natural resources KW - Oils KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum economics KW - Petroleum industry KW - Prices KW - Production KW - Supply KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188141 AU - CHOATE, T AU - General Electric TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/09/30 SP - 48 p. AB - This report describes the activities carried out to promote acquisition and installation of computer software modules development in MarAd's Shipping Operations Information System (SOIS) by member companies of the U.S. flag shipping industry. Principal efforts included the conversion and installation of six modules on the GE commercial computer network and the development of informational materials to depict the benefits of utilizing the various SOIS modules. KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Maritime information systems KW - Shipping KW - Shipping industries KW - Shipping operations information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01362762 AU - Gilbert, Jerome AU - Sun, Nai-Ching AU - Ilan, Amos AU - Maritime Administration TI - What Ports Mean to the Economy PY - 1978/09 SP - 58p AB - This publication will discuss and explain the importance of ports to the economy. Ports are economic assets providing income, jobs, investors, foreign trade and tax revenue. Ports are growth centers and are closely linked by rail or highway. This publication will discuss the history of ports, their importance and where and what they can do for the economy in the future. The publication presents an input-output model that has the ability to determine the impact in two directions: the impact of the port industry on the national economy and the impact of economic events on the port industry and makes it an invaluable tool for economic planning and forecasting. KW - Economic benefits KW - Forecasting KW - International trade KW - Planning KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1127534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197963 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS CAORF SYMPOSIUM (2ND)- THE IMPACT OF SIMULATION ON TODAY'S MARITIME PROBLEMS, HELD ON SEPTEMBER 28-29, 1978 PY - 1978/09 SP - 209 p. AB - Contents: Assessment of maritime risk of LNG terminals; Examination of the effect of changes to the International Rules of the Road; Development of a marine radar interrogator/transponder system; Research into training and certification; Analysis of computerized collision assessment systems' benefits; Investigations into aids to navigation; Looking ahead at CAORF. KW - Assessments KW - Computer aided instruction KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Education KW - Hazards KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng crew training KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Marine terminals KW - Meetings KW - Operations research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Radar KW - Radar beacons KW - Radar beacons KW - Regulations KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Simulation KW - Surface navigation KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training simulators KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189419 AU - Corporate-Tech Planning, Incorporated TI - A MANUAL ON PLANNING AND PRODUCTION CONTROL FOR SHIPYARD USE PY - 1978/09 SP - v.p. AB - This Manual is a treatise on planning and production control intended for use by the middle level managers and supervisors in a commercial shipyard. The basic theme is Production Oriented Planning, where planning for the use of resources is oriented squarely with the basic goal of the shipyard, which is to produce quality ships on time at a profit. The manual is divided into Two volumes. Volume I is divided as follows: Part I describes a problem that is common in shipbuilding, illustrating the difficulties involved in applying the proper resources in the right amounts at the correct time. Part II discusses an approach to shipyard improvements by summarizing the basic shipyard function, problems encountered in shipbuilding, and how tightening up the existing planning and production control system will assist in resolving those problems. It also looks at shipyard operations from the production point of view, and describes the benefits that might be accrued through production oriented planning. Part III contains guidance for improving an existing planning and production control system. Specifically, how to evaluate an existing system, how to develop the basic relationships between cost and duration that are needed for measuring improvements, how to identify those locations and functions needing improvement, and how to assemble the engineered standards needed to support the basic improvement process. Part IV treats the question of overall system effectiveness by developing a method for cost benefit analysis to measure shipyard-wide improvements of tighter system, along with identification of those areas or features that do not pay for themselves and therefore should be abandoned or modified. The use of automatic data processing is discussed in the context of the economic benefits it may provide. Also covered is how engineered standards will benefit specific portions of shipyard operations, and that the extent of their usage can provide a real measure of overall effectiveness. Volume II, the supporting appendices, covers the following: A-General Shipbuilding Methods; B-Budgeting; C-Scheduling; D-Performance Measurement; E-Evaluation of Production Performance; F-Planning Group-Organization and Composition; G-Generation of Sample Engineered Standards; H-Automatic Data Processing; I-Basic Statistical Concepts. KW - Analysis KW - Automation KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost reporting systems KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Productivity KW - Program management KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard automation KW - Shipyard costs KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186620 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S.-FLAG TRANSPORTATION OF PERISHABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. VOLUME 3. APPENDIXES PY - 1978/09 SP - 106 p. AB - Contents: Commercial refrigerated traffic; Military refrigerated traffic; Seasonal patterns and U.S.-flag share; Future market; Commodity markets; Liner container capacity; Liner break-bulk capacity; Nonliner break-bulk capacity; Future refrigerated ships; Trade areas, regions, and trade routes. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Analysis KW - Asia KW - Break bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo KW - Capacity KW - Containers KW - East Asia KW - Economic forecasting KW - Europe KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - Frozen cargo KW - Fruits KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Liner services KW - Liner shipping KW - Market assessment KW - Market research KW - Merchant vessels KW - Middle East KW - Perishables KW - Projection KW - Refrigerated cargo KW - Refrigerated ships KW - Refrigeration KW - Refrigeration systems KW - Services KW - Statistical analysis KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Vegetables KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186618 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S.-FLAG TRANSPORTATION OF PERISHABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/09 SP - 27 p. AB - To provide an assessment of the market for use in planning acquisition and operation of U.S.-flag refrigerated vessels and equipment, this study developed a statistical analysis and a description of U.S. foreign trade in perishables and of U.S.-flag and foreign-flag shipping capacity for perishables. The report presents projections of refrigerated trade to 1985 and projections of refrigerated capacity, in operation and planned, as of the end of 1977. It identifies potential profitability of refrigerated cargo, barriers to entry or expansion by U.S.-flag carriers, and recommends steps that carriers and MARAD can take to increase U.S.-flag participation in liner and nonliner refrigerated services. KW - Asia KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Capacity KW - East Asia KW - Economic forecasting KW - Europe KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - Frozen cargo KW - Fruits KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Liner services KW - Liner shipping KW - Market assessment KW - Market research KW - Merchant vessels KW - Middle East KW - Perishables KW - Profitability KW - Projection KW - Refrigerated cargo KW - Refrigerated ships KW - Services KW - Statistical analysis KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation KW - Vegetables KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186619 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S.-FLAG TRANSPORTATION OF PERISHABLE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. VOLUME 2. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1978/09 SP - 180 p. AB - To meet the needs of carriers and shippers for an assessment of the market for refrigerated maritime transportation and of the U.S.-flag share of that market, the Maritime Administration examined the following: the present demand for refrigerated service; the future demand likely to be in existing trades; additional demand likely to be in new trades; capacity which U.S.-flag operators offer; their competitiveness with trading-partner fleets and cross-traders; planned new capacity; sufficient capacity to satisfy demand and meet competition technological, institutional, or operational innovations to expand U.S.-flag capacity competitively with foreign-flag carriers; investments required for the expanded service; freight rates required to support added investment at the projected utilization; and MARAD'S plans to support the U.S.-flag carriers to promote U.S.-flag participation in refrigerated trades. KW - Asia KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Capacity KW - Competition KW - East Asia KW - Economic forecasting KW - Europe KW - Exports KW - Foreign KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Frozen cargo KW - Fruits KW - Imports KW - International competition KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Liner services KW - Liner shipping KW - Market assessment KW - Market research KW - Merchant vessels KW - Middle East KW - Perishables KW - Projection KW - Rates KW - Refrigerated cargo KW - Refrigerated ships KW - Services KW - Statistical analysis KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation KW - Vegetables KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186653 AU - Johnson, P F AU - Kelly, R E AU - Pohle, C G AU - Pacific Gulf Marine, Incorporated AU - Stanray Corporation AU - TIMSCO, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 198 p. AB - This is a final report on the design and development of a prototype shipboard maintenance and repair system to meet the needs of industry and the requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard. Based on inputs from operators, a basic system design was developed and an initial prototype system for a diesel engineering plant was produced and installed aboard the MV SUGAR ISLANDER (unattended engine room). The diesel plant prototype was evaluated over a one year period, following which the system documentation and procedures were expanded to total ship applicability to include hotel service equipment, ship control and navigation equipment, electronics, and items associated with the hull, tanks, and cargo stowage. System design includes documentation for scheduling and recording accomplishment of required preventive maintenance items, corrective maintenance actions, spare parts usage and requisitioning, and ADP produced Machinery History and Spare Parts Inventory. Systems users appraised the system as beneficial in avoiding breakdown maintenance, maintaining maintenance program continuity, and in providing effective methods for both ship and shore management of M&R. Preliminary cost and manhour analysis indicate positive trends toward cost reduction in the areas of shoreside maintenance, spare parts, and overtime, and a beneficial reorientation of management manhour requirements. Continuing data acquisition is recommended to validate the effects of the system on the costs cited and to develop methods for identification of failure rates, spare parts usage rates, and other management and budget forecasting information. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Computer aided monitoring KW - Computers KW - Condition monitoring KW - Data logging KW - Deployment KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel maintenance KW - Diesel monitoring KW - Engine room instrumentation KW - Engine rooms KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Labor market KW - Logistics KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance data systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Maintenance standards KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Monitoring KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Schedules KW - Scheduling KW - Shipboard maintenance KW - Ships KW - Ships by motive power KW - Spare parts KW - Standards KW - Unmanned engine rooms KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183720 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point TI - THE IMPACT OF SIMULATION ON TODAY'S MARITIME PROBLEMS PY - 1978/09 SP - v.p. AB - The symposium addressed itself to the following eight topics with two or more papers under each topic as follows: 1) Introduction (oral presentation); 2) Assessment of Maritime Risk of LNG Terminals (a) Maritime risk assessment applied to California LNG import terminals (b) Evaluation of LNG carrier docking operations with a true motion docking aid using CAORF; 3) Examination of the Effect of Changes to the International Rules of the Road (a) The rules of the road training experiment: the first U.S. Coast Guard project at CAORF (b) A simulator evaluation of watch officer perfomrance after adoption of revised rules of the road (1977); 4) Development of a Marine Radar Interrogator/Transponder System (a) Development of the Marine Radar Interrogator/Transponder (MRIT) System (b) Evaluation of a marine radar interrogator/transponder as a navigation aid in a restricted channel; 5) Research Into Training and Certification (a) A look at the concept of simulator use for licensing mariners (b) Brief overview of the bridge simulator training/licensing program (c) Findings derived from operational exercises conducted on CAORF; 6) Analysis of Computerized Collision Assessment Systems' Benefits (a) Utilization of computerized threat assessment systems at sea (b) A survey of collision avoidance investigations performed at CAORF; 7) Investigations Into Aids To Navigation (a) Performance of aids to navigation systems study: a project overview (b) Analysis techniques for evaluation of aids to navigation: position estimation and track-keeping accuracy; 8) Looking Ahead at CAORF (a) Maritime problems for future CAORF research (b) CAORF long-range research plan (c) CAORF expansions to meet long-range objectives. KW - Analysis KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Imports KW - Information processing KW - International trade KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng imports KW - LNG terminals KW - Maneuvering KW - Military personnel KW - Navigation KW - Navigational aids KW - Officer training KW - Radar KW - Restricted water operation KW - Risk analysis KW - Rule of the road KW - Simulation KW - Traffic regulations KW - Training KW - Training simulators KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182470 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE AND THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SYSTEM PY - 1978/08 SP - 236 p. AB - An extensive study on the liner segment of oceanborne shipping which examines three national maritime policy alternatives and projects their probable impact on American-flag operators in the Nation's foreign trade over the next 10 years. The options considered are that (1) the status quo be maintained, (2) the policy be modified to encourage more competition among merchant fleets of the world, or (3) the policy be changed to permit greater cooperation between American and other national flags carrying general cargoes. KW - Conference operations KW - International trade KW - Liner shipping KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - National shipping policies KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Shipping conferences KW - Shipping policies KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656948 AU - Gregov, Z AU - Finch, R AU - United States Lines Incorporated AU - Technology, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1978/08 AB - This report is on the design and development of a prototype Hull Monitoring System (HMS) for use on merchant vessels. The overall objective of the HMS was to increase ship safety and to improve ship performance by generating appropriate information and recommendations through a minicomputer controlling strategically located sensors, information display consoles, and an interactive command console. For increased ship safety, the HMS primarily monitored ship stability, hull strength, cargo lashing strength, and flooding conditions. For improved ship performance, the HMS provided information leading to the optimum trim and levels in the roll- stabilization tanks, with minimum ballast, and to the assurance of hull structural integrity and intact cargo. The HMS operates in four main modes: Cargo, Cruise, Fuel, and Damage. The development program was conducted in three phases: Phase I, System Definition, beginning in May 1974; Phase II, System Design and Fabrication, beginning in June 1975; and Phase III, System Installation and Evaluation, beginning in October 1976. In Phase III, the HMS was installed on the SS AMERICAN AQUARIUS, a United States Lines Lancerclass containership, for performance evaluation. In general, the HMS performed as intended. Recommendations are included for improving the reliability of sensor and operator inputs. This final report concludes Phase III. Included as appendices are data compiled from the voyages, the Operating and Maintenance Manual for the HMS, and computer program descriptions and listings. KW - American aquarius (Vessel) KW - Bending moments KW - Damage control KW - Damage stability KW - Hull damage KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - Loss and damage KW - Performance KW - Prevention KW - Roll stabilizers KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00427894 AU - Maritime Administration TI - LONG RANGE FLEET PLANNING STUDY: VESSEL CONFIGURATION SYSTEM (TRADE ROUTE 27) PY - 1978/08 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Linear programming KW - Planning KW - Shipping KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/242368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319518 AU - Beale, N J AU - Dixie Carriers, Incorporated AU - Breit and Garcia, N.A. AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF BOW BOATS ON INLAND RIVER TOWBOATS AND BARGES PY - 1978/08 SP - 43 p. AB - The evaluation of maneuvering systems was listed as a high priority item in both the 1972 Planning Conference on Domestic Shipping and the 1976 Domestic Shipping Conference. This report describes a research project performed to satisfy the requirements set forth in the above named conferences. The first task was to conduct a survey of the inland waterway industry to obtain information as to the current use of bow steering units, to identify trends in areas of operation, and to determine advantages of operating with bow steering units. In the second task, a series of full scale tests were performed with a tow consisting of two 23,000 bbl. tank barges, a 660 HP towboat, and two bow units of different designs. Maneuvering, speed, and steering tests were conducted and in-service comparison were made. The data show that, while the performance of a tow is enhanced by the addition of a bow unit, fuel consumption increases. KW - Bow boats KW - Inland waterways vessels KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Prototype tests KW - Steering systems KW - Tow maneuverability KW - Towboat operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198666 AU - Greenblatt, J E AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - SKEWOPT: PROPELLER SKEW OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM USER'S AND PROGRAMMER'S DOCUMENTATION PY - 1978/08 SP - 167 p. AB - The SKEWOPT propeller skew optimization program is presented. This program models skew distribution as a piecewise cubic or quadratic function of radius. The skew distribution is then optimized using constrained, non-linear mathematical programming to minimize a user-specified weighted, linear combination of the amplitudes of the six unsteady forces and moments acting at the propeller hub. Forces and moments may be evaluated by either a two-dimensional, sinusoidal gust technique or by a three-dimensional, lifting-line approach. The program is highly interactive and incorporates a number of options in an attempt to provide an effective, moderate cost design tool. Skew distribution modeling, optimization technique, and program organization are discussed. Derivations used in the problem formulation are summarized in Appendix A. Use of the program on the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) time-sharing network and examples of program use are given in Appendix B. Appendices C and D cover programmer's documentation and provide a source listing, respectively. KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Propellers) KW - Design KW - Force KW - Marine propellers KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Mathematical models KW - Nonlinear programming KW - Optimization KW - Propeller design KW - Propeller forces KW - Propellers KW - Skewed propellers KW - Skewed structures KW - Skewness KW - Theses KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196035 AU - AMUNDSEN, P A AU - Maritime Administration TI - CURRENT TRENDS IN PORT PRICING PY - 1978/08 SP - 101 p. AB - The identification of existing pricing practices, philosophies and trends has not heretofore been available and without such basic information it would be difficult for port management to make advantageous decisions. The methodology employed in the preparation of this report was comprehensive. The focus was on pricing unique to public port usage. These rates are uniformly known as dockage in the case of the ship; and wharfage in the case of the cargo. Detailed tariff research covering 21 ports for 10 years was accomplished with the assistance of the Office of Domestic Commerce of the Federal Maritime Commission. Twenty-eight representative ports from all four coasts were visited and management was interviewed to ascertain the latest operating procedures for rate setting. Additionally, an industry review panel selected for its coastal and professional representation closely monitored the progress and direction of this research. The end product is a unique report with definitive findings regarding the overall importance of pricing policy to the accomplishment of the multifaceted objectives of public seaports. KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Financing KW - Marine terminals KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port regulations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Tariffs KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/87872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190838 AU - Gregov, Z AU - Finch, R AU - United States Lines Incorporated AU - Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL MONITORING SYSTEM. VOLUME 1: PHASE III. SYSTEM INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION PY - 1978/08 SP - 128 p. AB - The report is on the design and development of a prototype Hull Monitoring System (HMS) for use on merchant vessels. The overall objective of the HMS was to increase ship safety and to improve ship performance by generating appropriate information and recommendations through a minicomputer controlling strategically located sensors, information display consoles, and an interactive command console. For increased ship safety, the HMS monitored primarily ship stability, hull strength, cargo lashing strength, and flooding conditions. For improved ship performance, the HMS provided information leading to the optimum trim and levels in the roll-stabilization tanks with minimum ballast and the assurance of hull structural integrity and intact cargo. The HMS operates in four main modes: Cargo, Cruise, Fuel, and Damage. The development program was conducted in three phases: Phase I, System Definition, beginning in May 1974; Phase II, System Design and Fabrication, beginning in June 1975; and Phase III, System Installation and Evaluation, beginning in October 1976. In Phase III, the HMS was installed on the SS American Aquarius, a United States Lines Incorporated Lancerclass containership, for performance evaluation. In general, the HMS performed as intended. Recommendations are included for improving the reliability of sensor and operator inputs. This final report concludes Phase III. Included as appendixes are compiled data from the voyages, the Operating and Maintenance Manual for the HMS, and computer program descriptions and listings. KW - Bending moments KW - Cargo ships KW - Containerships KW - Damage assessment KW - Damage stability KW - Data collection KW - Hull bending moments KW - Hull damage prevention KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Intact stability KW - Loss and damage KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Performance KW - Roll stabilization KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship motion KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Ship stability KW - Soil stabilization KW - Specifications KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186754 AU - Malinofsky, M AU - Johnson, C AU - Farrell Lines Incorporated AU - Keplar Galen and Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - LONG RANGE FLEET PLANNING STUDY VESSEL CONFIGURATION SYSTEM (TRADE ROUTE 27). VOLUME I: REPORT PY - 1978/08 SP - 136 p. AB - This report covers the development and application of an optimum vessel configuration model in the context of Farrell Lines Trade Route 27 services from the U.S. Pacific Coast to Australia and New Zealand. The solution methodology selected was a linear programming technique employing a matrix of variables and constraints of large size. Included were considerations of commodity type, cargo technology, and port pairings. The model's output was interpreted and results presented for management action. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity management KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Cargo transportation) KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fleet management KW - Freight transportation KW - Linear programming KW - Logistics KW - Long range planning KW - Management KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186755 AU - Malinofsky, M AU - Johnson, C AU - Farrell Lines Incorporated AU - Keplar Galen and Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - LONG RANGE FLEET PLANNING STUDY VESSEL CONFIGURATION SYSTEM (TRADE ROUTE 27) VOLUME II: APPENDIX PY - 1978/08 SP - 202 p. AB - This report covers the development and application of an optimum vessel configuration model in the context of Farrell Lines Trade Route 27 services from the U.S. Pacific Coast to Australia and New Zealand. The solution methodology selected was a linear programming technique employing a matrix of variables and constraints of large size. This appendix contains a listing of the results of the economic analysis. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Analysis KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Commodity management KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Cargo transportation) KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fleet management KW - Freight transportation KW - Linear programming KW - Logistics KW - Long range planning KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186742 AU - Linfield, R F AU - de Haas, T AU - National Telecommunications and Information Admin AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERFACING THE AUTOMATED MARITIME MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM WITH THE U.S. PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK PY - 1978/08 SP - 66 p. AB - The report summarizes the characteristics of the U.S. public switched network and the maritime radio service, which impact the development of an Automated Maritime Mobile Telephone System (AMMTS). Features and performance parameters which appear desirable to an AMMTS user are reviewed, and some basic system concepts capable of satisfying these user's needs are presented. The interface between the public switched network and coast stations serving the maritime community is discussed in detail. Techniques for automatically placing a call to ships whose location is unknown are described. The development of an AMMTS involves a number of issues which may be different in the U.S. than in other countries of the world. The final section of the report defines some issues requiring further study. KW - Automation KW - Communication systems KW - Interfaces KW - Mobile equipment KW - Portable equipment KW - Radio telephone KW - Switching KW - Switching systems KW - Telecommunications KW - Telephone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185982 AU - McCarthy, W L AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A PRACTICAL OPERATING GUIDE FOR TUNING STEAM TURBINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1978/07/31 SP - 284 p. AB - This operating guide presents procedures, recommendations and guidelines for tuning marine steam turbine propulsion systems and related auxiliary components. Information relative to improving plant performance by optimized operation is included. Overall cycle performance analysis procedures are presented. Individual machinery component performance indicators have been identified. Penalties in excess fuel consumed due to operation in a degraded condition have been established. Component energy oriented problem cause, effect and corrective action matrices have been provided along with various reference curves and typical performance data. The guide concludes with a section on maintenance and performance analysis of basic shipboard instrumentation types. KW - Boilers KW - Electric power plants KW - Engine tuning KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Instructional materials KW - Instrumentation KW - Machinery KW - Machinery instrumentation KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Measuring instruments KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance KW - Steam turbine maintenance KW - Steam turbine performance KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Superheaters KW - Training KW - Tuning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658513 AU - Forecasting International Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - THREE ALTERNATIVE FUTURE SCENARIOS FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT PY - 1978/07/21 SP - Various p. AB - Three scenarios designed to provide plausible future alternatives in the maritime sector are presented. Each scenario is divided into two time frames--1980-1985 and 1985-2000--and incorporates probable combination of trends within a particular national and international context. The three projected alternative futures are: (1) a resource allocation scenario; (2) an expansive growth scenario; and (3) a hardship scenario. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conservation KW - Economic factors KW - Forecasting KW - Maritime industry KW - Resource management KW - Technological innovations KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197065 AU - Cooper, R B AU - Bertsche, W R AU - Logan, K P AU - Eclectech Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARDIZATION OF THE ADVANCED SHIP'S BRIDGE DISPLAY PY - 1978/07/14 SP - 204 p. AB - The Standardized Bridge Program, Phase II, prepared for MarAd by Eclectech Associates, Inc., reports the conduct and findings of a program for the development of a standardized ship's bridge. The study specifically addresses the design of a centralized, advanced bridge display envisioned for implementation aboard future merchant vessels. Proposed and existing bridge systems were reviewed to identify potential requirements for the presentation of information. Ten advanced display formats were evaluated through human factors design critique and simulation. Scenarios of an 80,000 DWT tanker in New York's harbor were administered to masters and pilots licensed for the area. Measures of deck officer effectiveness showed improvement in track-keeping performance as the result of displaying predictor steering information. Recommendations are presented for the design and integration of advanced displays which present maritime sonar, lookout assist, navigation lines, intended track and system correlation information. KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human performance KW - Information display systems KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Simulation KW - Standardization KW - Standardized bridge systems KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658514 AU - Forecasting International Limited AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION FOR MARITIME SCENARIOS PY - 1978/07 SP - 59 p. AB - This report provides detailed documentation for three alternative future scenarios in the maritime sector. These scenarios (see AN 8580) are referred to as: (1) a resource allocation scenario; (2) an expansive growth scenario; and (3) a hardship scenario. The present volume cites potential key events that could influence the course of each scenario, and ranks these events in order of probability of occurence. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conservation KW - Economic factors KW - Forecasting KW - Maritime industry KW - Resource management KW - Technological innovations KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185915 AU - Scales, W S AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SATELLITE-BASED SYSTEM FOR REDUNDANT MARITIME DISTRESS SIGNALING PY - 1978/07 SP - 47 p. AB - The loss of life and property in sudden maritime disasters represent a significant global problem. In many such disasters, no radio distress call is received. Emergency alerting via satellite is perceived as a cost-effective means of reducing the loss of life and property at sea. The suggested implementation combines the use of satellites in low polar orbit and geosynchronous satellites. This approach exhibits the advantages of immediate alerting (via geosynchronous satellite) with independent position determination (via low-orbiting satellite). KW - Communications satellites KW - Components KW - Distress alerting systems KW - Distress signals KW - Emergency radio equipment KW - Location KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Radio beacons KW - Radio relay systems KW - Redundancy KW - Redundant components KW - Satellite communication KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Ultrahigh frequencies KW - Ultrahigh frequency KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184182 AU - Decker, J L AU - Decker, James L TI - THE APPLICATION OF AIR CUSHION CONFIGURATIONS TO ICEBREAKING PY - 1978/07 SP - 205 p. AB - The objective of the project was the quantitative evaluation of the cost and effectiveness of air cushion configurations in icebreaking applications with displacement ships in level ice fields. Simple theoretical methods were developed for the prediction of the air cushion icebreaking capability in the low speed and high speed icebreaking modes. Conceptual designs for air cushion icebows and air cushion icebreakers were prepared and the economic analysis of their use with the displacement ships is reported. The self propelled air cushion icebreaker was determined to provide more flexible operational capability and was more cost effective for the cases examined. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00187072 AU - Temple, Barker, and Sloane, Incorporated TI - LINER VESSEL CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION STUDY (ANALYSIS) PY - 1978/07 SP - n.p. AB - This study contains an analysis of relationships between vessel capacity and cargo cubic volumes for specific liner vessel types on a selected sample group of essential trade routes from January 1972 through December 1975. Data presented include cargo, capacity, utilization tables and charts of total U.S. imports (general cargo freighters, partial containerships, and full containerships); total U.S. exports (general cargo freighters, partial containerships, and full containerships); and imports and exports for trade routes 1, 21, 5, 7-10, 19, 21, 27-29, and 41 (general cargo freighters, partial containerships, and full containerships). KW - Cargo capacity KW - Cargo compartments KW - Cargo movement KW - Container utilization KW - Containerships KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - General cargo ships KW - Imports KW - Liner shipping KW - Ship characteristics KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185924 AU - Roczniak, W R AU - C-E Marine Power Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY, PHASE II. VOLUME II: ECONOMIZER CORROSION RATES PY - 1978/06 SP - 83 p. AB - This report presents the corrosion potential of commercially available economizer materials in a modern marine boiler under shipboard operating conditions. A comparison of the wastage potential of economizer metals operating at normal temperatures and below acid dew point temperatures was accomplished by the use of controlled temperature probes. Physical measurements and metallurgical techniques were utilized to develop the results generated by these probes. This information can be used to establish safe operating temperatures and adequate materials of fabrication for the final stages of the economizer. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white) KW - Boilers KW - Carbon steel KW - Cast iron KW - Cooling equipment KW - Cooling fins KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion mechanisms KW - Economizers KW - Feedwater heaters KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Reliability KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186615 AU - Roczniak, W R AU - C-E Marine Power Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY, PHASE II. VOLUME I. SUPERHEATER CORROSION RATES. 950 DEG F OUTLET STEAM TEMPERATURE PY - 1978/06 SP - 170 p. AB - The report presents the corrosion potential of commercially utilized superheater materials in a modern marine boiler under shipboard operating conditions. A comparison of wastage potential of several superheater materials over a selected temperature range was accomplished by the use of controlled temperature probes. Effect of exposure duration was determined by comparison of two identical probes removed from service at different time intervals. Several coatings were evaluated in this marine application. Physical measurements and chemical analysis of deposits and metallurgical techniques were used to develop the results generated by these probes. This information is intended for use in establishing safe operating temperatures for selected materials of fabrication. KW - Boiler tube corrosion KW - Boiler tubes KW - Boilers KW - Chemical analysis KW - Coating performance KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion KW - Data KW - Deposits KW - Deposits (Geology) KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Materials KW - Performance tests KW - Protective coatings KW - Reliability KW - Superheaters KW - Tests KW - X ray analysis KW - X ray fluorescence KW - X rays KW - X-ray tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182502 AU - Donaldson, G B AU - Donaldson Associates TI - LNG SINGLE POINT MOORING TERMINAL PY - 1978/06 SP - 112 p. AB - This report describes an initial investigation on a proprietary Single Point Mooring (SPM) concept for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and other low temperature fluids. The study included analytical evaluation of buoy and hose string motions, together with preliminary design and analysis of a coaxial LNG/vapor swivel, a self-sealing LNG disconnect, and a floating LNG hose assembly. Thermal and hydraulic analyses were also carried out for the seabed pipeline. All results were positive, and further investigation is recommended. KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - LNG terminals KW - Mooring buoys KW - Moorings KW - Offshore terminals KW - Single point moorings KW - Spm description and plans KW - Tanker moorings KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178936 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STATUS REPORT OF THE SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DOMESTIC SHIPPING PY - 1978/06 SP - 52 p. AB - In March of 1976, the Second National Conference on Domestic Shipping was held in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Conference was organized to provide a comprehensive review of productivity and its importance to the domestic shipping industry. There were two comprehensive workshop sessions. The first discussed various program elements in the six topical areas, including economic regulation, legislation and regulations, waterway system maintenance and improvements, labor and training, port and intermodal development, and marketing. The second workshop dealt with program elements in the five topical areas of capital formation and financing, operations, research and development, shipbuilding and repair, and productivity management and measurement. This report addresses itself to progress achieved to date relating to the program elements that were generated at these workshops. A total of 56 program elements were developed. The program elements being reported on are given the same number and title as in the Final Report of the Conference and the Productivity Objective is repeated verbatim to reacquaint the reader with the subject. This is then followed by a discussion relating to the progress achieved or changes in the status of the particular program element since the Conference. Each status report concludes with a suggested Marad point of contact if further information is desired. KW - Capital investments KW - Development KW - Domestic shipping policies KW - Domestic transportation KW - Economics KW - Great Lakes KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Maritime industry KW - Marketing KW - Policy KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Productivity KW - Regulation KW - Ship operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Shipping policies KW - Training KW - User charges KW - Waterway improvement KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178937 AU - Han, E AU - Priori, G AU - Juran, D I AU - Dravo Van Houten, Incorporated TI - IMPROVED FENDER SYSTEMS FOR SHALLOW AND DEEP DRAFT BERTHS--PHASE I PY - 1978/06 SP - 218 p. AB - This report presents investigations and descriptions of the following: state-of-the-art of fender design; available fender units; comparison of fender unit performance; common system configurations; adequacy of systems' function; docking procedures; fender system costs; mooring practices; types of damage to fender systems; problems with fenders maintenance and repair practices; examination of trends in ships' characteristics. The functions of various fender systems are described, and types of damage and problems that may occur are presented. Problems with fender systems are ranked, and design objectives are identified. KW - Defects KW - Docking KW - Docking techniques KW - Fender systems KW - Fenders KW - Fenders (Wharves) KW - Harbor structures KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Mooring KW - Moorings KW - Piers (Supports) KW - Piers (Wharves) KW - State of the art KW - Structural damage KW - Structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185854 AU - Yang, C C AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SECTIONAL PROPERTY TABULATIONS FOR COMPUTER SOLUTION OF ACCELERATIONS CAUSED BY COLLISION. VOLUME II PY - 1978/05/03 SP - 119 p. AB - Using the main scantlings for a 600,000 ton nuclear tanker and curves of weight per foot including steel outfit machinery and deadweight items developed by Newport News Shipbuilding, the vessel was divided into 20 sections with half stations at the ends. Cross sectional area, mass, moment of inertia and virtual mass were calculated at each section. Additional properties required for the vertical, horizontal and combined torsional-horizontal bending modes of vibration were calculated. These properties were calculated for both the ballast and full load conditions, and are used as input data to the General Bending Response Program as described in Volume I. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Bending moments KW - Collision modeling KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Hull impact KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Impact KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Set forward force KW - Tankers KW - Transient analyzers KW - Transient response KW - Vibration KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649928 AU - National Maritime Research Center Computer Aided Operations Research Facility AU - Maritime Administration TI - MRIT NAVIGATION AID EXPERIMENT PY - 1978/05 SP - 64 p. AB - This report describes a simulation experiment in which the track- keeping using a Marine Radar Interrogator-Transponder (MRIT) to fix a ship's position proved to be four times more accurate than track- keeping using conventional systems. The experiment investigated the practical use of MRIT by comparing the navigating capability of mariners using five navigational modes: visual, radar, racom, MRIT with digital display, and MRIT with analog(graphic) display. A MRIT simulation providing very precise (within 50 feet) position information was constructed at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF), as was a simulation of a narrow channel. The performances measures used for analysis were: ability to keep prescribed track; number and magnitude of course changes (frequency of course changes increases and magnitude decreases when position data is presented more frequently and accurately; and, psychological reactions that indicate test subjects' workload. KW - Cognition KW - Marine radar interrogator transponders KW - Mental workload KW - Narrow channels KW - Simulation KW - Tracking KW - Tracking systems KW - Workload UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327405 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - MRIT (MARINE RADAR INTERROGATOR-TRANSPONDER) NAVIGATION AID EXPERIMENT PY - 1978/05 SP - 62 p. AB - This report describes a simulation experiment in which the track-keeping using a Marine Radar Interrogator-Transponder (MRIT) to fix a ship's position proved to be four times more accurate than track-keeping using conventional systems. The experiment investigated the practical use of MRIT by comparing the navigating capability of mariners using five navigational modes: visual, radar, racom, MRIT with digital display, and MRIT with analog (graphic) display. A MRIT simulation providing very precise (within 50 feet) position information was constructed at the Computer Aided Research Facility (CAORF), as was a simulation of a narrow channel. The performance measures used for analysis were (a) ability to keep prescribed track, (b) number and magnitude of course changes (frequency of course changes increases and magnitude decreases when position data is presented more frequently and accurately), (c) psychological reactions that indicate test subjects' workload. KW - Accuracy KW - Channels (Waterways) KW - Evaluation KW - Maneuvering KW - Narrow channel navigation KW - Navigation radar KW - Navigation systems KW - Navigation systems evaluation KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Radar KW - Radar beacons KW - Radar beacons KW - Radar devices KW - Radar tracking KW - Radio transmitters KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated waterways KW - Simulation KW - Surface navigation KW - Tracking position KW - Transponders KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181756 AU - Mitchell, M W AU - Marine Exchange of the San Francisco Bay Region AU - ARINC Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF A NATIONAL VESSEL-TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1978/05 SP - 101 p. AB - The final study provides a base for determining if present fragmented methods for reporting anticipated and actual vessel movements into and out of the nation's ports can be expanded from today's port-centered systems to a nationally integrated system of vessel-movement reporting. The considerations leading toward the recommended national system are summarized and the technical alternatives that were considered are described. The expected costs and revenues of the preferred National Vessel-Traffic Information System at each stage of the recommended implementation process are provided. The report also describes the administrative and management activities to be undertaken during the establishment of the system. The recommended plan includes the formation of a national cooperative association of marine traffic reporting agencies. KW - Analysis KW - Coordination KW - Driver information systems KW - Harbors KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Merchant vessels KW - Planning KW - Port traffic KW - Ports KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Ship motion KW - Ship movements KW - Systems analysis KW - Telecommunications KW - Telegraph systems KW - Teletext systems KW - Teletypewriter system KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196483 AU - Thoolen, S AU - Meade, G AU - Scott, D AU - Matson Terminals Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF A COMPUTER LOADING PROGRAM FOR CONTAINER VESSELS PY - 1978/05 SP - 85 p. AB - This report evaluates a computer program for the automated sequencing of containers for container-ship loading and unloading. It is concluded that the terminal personnel can readily be trained to use the programs, and that the programs incorporate the ship parameters easily and will perform trim and stability calculations as each container is loaded in order to provide the master with the necessary ballasting information. The actual control of the loading of the ship by computer programs is, however, thought to need further development. KW - Cargo handling KW - Computer programs KW - Container handling KW - Containerships KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading systems KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186598 AU - C-E Marine Power Systems AU - Powell (Sheppard T) and Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY. PHASE II. VOLUME VI. BOILER WATER AND FEEDWATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE PY - 1978/05 SP - 90 p. AB - This report summarizes Sheppard T. Powell Associates' review of current boiler water treatment practice followed by U.S. Shipowners, crew personnel, boiler manufacturers and Vendor-Consultants, with an overview of this practice. It also describes the fundamental treatment programs needed for boiler water and evaporator treatment control, and the place for supplemental treatment chemicals in these programs. Current utility water treatment practice has been reviewed and commented on with respect to its future application in the marine field. KW - Boiler water treatment KW - Boilers KW - Chemical cleaning KW - Chemical properties KW - Cleaning KW - Corrosion KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Evaporators KW - Feed water treatment KW - Feedwater KW - Inorganic phosphates KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - pH value KW - Reliability KW - Sewage treatment KW - Water KW - Water chemistry KW - Water treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181800 AU - Temple, Barker and Sloane, Incorporated AU - Resource Planning Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLD LPG FORECAST AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE, 1978-1990 PY - 1978/05 SP - 295 p. AB - This study summarizes historical and current LPG trade and vessels operating worldwide. It also forecasts LPG trade required for the U.S. and other major markets through 1990. Using an economic model to assess the market for LPG ships, the study forecasts vessel requirements for U.S. LPG trade and prospects for building required vessels in the U.S. KW - Butane KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Fuel consumption KW - International trade KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Liquefied petroleum gas KW - Liquified petroleum gases KW - Lpg trade KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Propane KW - Regulations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Sources KW - Tanker demand KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - World tanker fleet UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179211 AU - Cernocky, E P AU - Krempl, E AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TI - A THEORY OF VISCOPLASTICITY BASED ON INFINITESIMAL TOTAL STRAIN PY - 1978/05 SP - n.p. AB - A viscoplasticity theory based upon a nonlinear viscoelastic solid, linear in the rates of the strain and stress tensors but nonlinear in the stress tensor and the infinitesimal strain tensor, is being investigated for isothermal, homogeneous motions. A general anistropic form and a specific isotropic formulation are proposed. A yield condition is not part of the theory and the transition from linear (elastic) to nonlinear (inelastic) behavior is continuous. Only total strains are used and the constant volume hypothesis is not employed. In this paper Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. The proposed equation can represent: initial linear elastic behavior; initial elastic response in torsion (tension) after arbitrary prestrain (prestress) in tension (torsion); linear elastic behavior for pure hydrostatic loading; initial elastic slope upon large instantaneous changes in strain rate; stress (strain)-rate sensitivity; creep and relaxation; defined behavior in the limit of very slow and very fast loading. Stress-strain curves obtained at different loading rates will utilimately have the same "slope" and their spacing is nonlinearly related to the loading rate. The above properties of the equation are obtained by qualitative arguments based on the characteristics of the solutions of the resulting nonlinear first-order differential equations. In some instance numerical examples are given. For metals and isotropy we propose a simple equation whose coefficient functions can be determined from a tensile test (Eqs. (31), (35), (37), (38)). Specializations suitable for materials other than metals are possible. The paper shows that this nonlinear viscoelastic model can represent essential features of metal deformation behavior and reaffirms over previous assertion that metal deformation is basically rate-dependent and can be represented by piecewise nonlinear viscoelasticity. For cycle loading the proposed model must be modified to account for history dependence in the sense of plasticity. KW - Creep KW - Deformation KW - Deformation stress KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Hydrostatic loading KW - Hydrostatic pressure KW - Loads KW - Repeated loads KW - Structural analysis KW - Viscoplasticity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185853 AU - Gotimer, J C AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER SOLUTION OF ACCELERATIONS CAUSED BY COLLISION. VOLUME I. REPORT PY - 1978/04/21 SP - 86 p. AB - Using methods of forced vibration analysis, calculations of impact accelerations were carried out in way of the reactor space of a 600,000 ton nuclear tanker when struck by another ship in the area of the collision barrier. The General Bending Response Program was used by representing the ship as an elastically coupled non-uniform beam-spring model subject to a Fourier series representation of the transient force of impact. Sectional properties were developed for the ship in both ballast and full load conditions in order to describe the model. Sensitivity calculations were made for variations in loading conditions, ship-hull damping, impact duration and impact magnitude for the lateral mode of vibration. An additional calculation was made for the combined torsional-horizontal bending mode of vibration. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Analysis KW - Bending moments KW - Collision modeling KW - Computer aided analysis KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Hull impact KW - Hulls KW - Impact KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Research KW - Set forward force KW - Tankers KW - Transient analyzers KW - Transient response KW - Vibration KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179215 AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - MARITIME SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS--A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE PY - 1978/04/21 SP - 57 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a study of the "long-run" costs and benefits of maritime satellite communications. A portion of a continuing program of the U.S. Maritime Administration to improve the effectiveness of marine communications, the study reviews the efforts of participating U.S. flag shipping companies in using this new technology to solve some pressing problems of fleet management. KW - Analysis KW - Artificial satellites KW - Communication systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data communications KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Satellite systems) KW - Fleet management KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Maritime mobile satellite system KW - Personnel management KW - Radio KW - Satellite communication KW - Scheduling KW - Ship management KW - Telecommunications KW - Telex KW - Telex communications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194556 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF FEDERAL STANDARDS ON U.S. PUBLIC PORT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1978/04 SP - 92 p. AB - This report presents the results of a survey that collected data on the costs imposed on local U.S. public ports by Federal regulations to promote environmental protection, employee health and safety, and cargo security during the period 1970-1976. This investigation was requested by the U.S. National Transportation Policy Committee of the American Association of Port Authorities and was completed with their advice and assistance. Five areas are covered in this report. Chapter I presents the background, objectives, and methodology employed in the survey. Chapter II gives an informational overview and description of the relevant Federal laws. Chapter III presents the cost data. Chapter IV outlines some of the additional remarks public port officials have made concerning mandated programs. And Chapter V concludes the report with five brief case studies of the implementation of various Federal programs in selected public ports. KW - Capital investments KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Environmental surveys (Ports) KW - Freight security KW - Legislation KW - Marine safety KW - Policy KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port regulations KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181760 AU - C-E Marine Power Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY. PHASE II. VOLUME III. SUPERHEATER AIR FLOW MODEL TESTS PY - 1978/04 SP - 273 p. AB - This report presents the results of a three-dimensional cold flow model study of flow distribution in a marine superheater and the associated analytical work. Flow distribution in a marine superheater was determined as a function of physical characteristics and load conditions. An analytical flow distribution model was developed for simple one-dimensional flow. A heat transfer program was developed to determine tube metal temperatures using the model flow distribution results. This work can be used to predict tube metal temperatures in superheaters for design purposes. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Boiler tubes KW - Boilers KW - Cold flow KW - Computer programs KW - Flow fields KW - Heat transfer KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Model testing KW - One dimensional flow KW - Reliability KW - Superheaters KW - Temperature KW - Three dimensional flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179649 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Maritime Administration TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. PORT INDUSTRY: AN INPUT-OUPTUT ANALYSIS OF WATERBORNE TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME I. ANALYSIS PY - 1978/04 SP - 107 p. AB - The objective of this study is to provide Government policy makers and business executives with a new tool by which the impact of alternative policies relating to the U.S. port industry can be analyzed and assessed. KW - Capital investments KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Freight transportation KW - Investment planning KW - Investments KW - Job analysis KW - Marine terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistics KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Water KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180673 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Maritime Administration TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. PORT INDUSTRY: AN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS OF WATERBORNE TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME II. I-O COMPUTER PRINTOUTS PY - 1978/04 SP - 200 p. AB - The objective of this study is to provide Government policy makers and business executives with a new tool by which the impact of alternative policies relating to the U.S. port industry can be analyzed and assessed. KW - Commercial transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic models KW - Freight transportation KW - Gross national product KW - Income KW - Job analysis KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Statistics KW - Taxes KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181766 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Kim, J K AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION OF ICE TRANSITING BOW FORMS FOR GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS PY - 1978/03/29 SP - 156 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to design, test and evaluate several ice transiting bow forms for Great Lakes bulk carriers. Tasks within the project included the design of four ice transiting bow forms, the conduct of open water and ice resistance tests (level and broken ice) and an economic evaluation of the bow forms. In addition, a limited number of maneuvering tests in ice were performed along with the measurement of ice impact forces on the model. KW - Bow design KW - Bow forces KW - Bows KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Fluid resistance KW - Force KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull forms KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice breakup KW - Ice forces on structures KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice phenomena KW - Ice resistance KW - Icebreakers KW - Impact strength KW - Inland waterways KW - Maneuvering KW - Model testing KW - Model tests KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Set forward force KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship motion KW - Ships KW - Shock resistance KW - Vehicle design KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650664 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPOSED SINKING TESTS (ULCC) TASK 4 PY - 1978/03/13 SP - 36 p. AB - A series of model sinking tests performed in Germany is described. With this information as a background, the report goes on to make recommendations for a test model of a nuclear tanker to be used for the proposed sinking tests. It is recommended that the test model be made only for the stern of the tanker and be made of transparent plastic so as to monitor the entrapped air; it is also recommended that the velocity and attitude of the sinking model be recorded only by camera. A list of U.S. model tanks suitable for this test and a rough cost estimate are given. KW - Model tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Shipwrecks KW - Structural models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181227 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPOSED SINKING TESTS (ULCC) TASK IV PY - 1978/03/13 SP - 36 p. AB - A previous sinking test performed in 1971 in Hamburg, Germany was translated, and studied. It is appended. It is recommended that the test model be made only for the stern of the tanker and be made of transparent plastic so as to monitor the entrapped air; it is also recommended that the velocity and attitude of the sinking model be recorded only by camera. A list of U.S. Model tanks suitable for this test and a rough cost estimate are given. KW - Damage stability KW - Floods KW - Foundering KW - Model testing KW - Shipwrecks KW - Supertankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308598 AU - Dawson, D AU - United States Lines Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM. THE NATIONAL SHIPPING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 1978/03 SP - 44 p. AB - This report describes the efforts of United States Lines in the development and implementation of twelve computer software modules for use in their business operations. These modules were developed as part of the Shipping Operations Information System in a cooperative effort with the Maritime Administration. The report provides a summary discussion of the use of these modules within United States Lines and identifies the operational benefits and economic impact resulting from their use within the company. KW - Bills of lading KW - Computerized shipping data KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Shipping KW - Shipping operations information systems KW - Transportation KW - Transportation information UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185969 AU - Chang, P Y AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SIMULATION OF COLLISION MODEL TESTS PY - 1978/03 SP - 209 p. AB - The simulation of collision model tests of ships is presented in this report. The objective of this simulation is to validate the methods of analysis, the mathematical model, and the computer program for analysis and design of the collision protection barrier structures. The results are compared with those obtained from the collision model tests. The comparisons lead to the conclusion that the mathematical model is a reliable tool for the design and analysis of the protection barriers of nuclear-powered ships. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Collision modeling KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Finite element method KW - Hull impact KW - Hulls KW - Impact KW - Impact loads KW - Impact strength KW - Information processing KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Model testing KW - Model tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Research KW - Ship hulls KW - Shock resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00187080 AU - Fleet Data Service TI - RESERVE SALVAGE VESSELS OF THE U.S.A.--PRELIMINARY REPORT PY - 1978/03 SP - n.p. AB - This study is being prepared by Fleet Data Service for the MarAd NATO War Preparedness Survey. The preliminary report identifies vessels of the U.S. merchant marine which might be mobilized as salvage vessels in the event of hostilities. The final report, which is to be published in the same format, will contain data provided by the fleets that are not available from other sources. KW - Directories KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet statistics KW - Marine salvage KW - Reserve fleet KW - Salvage KW - Ship characteristics KW - Special purpose ships KW - Statistics KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313903 AU - Halebsky, M AU - Lebovits, M AU - Romley, R M AU - Global Marine Development Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A TANKER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM SERVING THE NORTHWEST COAST OF ALASKA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1978/02 SP - 190 p. AB - This study investigated marine transportation systems for transporting crude oil and methanol on a year-round basis from the northwest coast of Alaska to ports on the West Coast of the lower '48 states. The technical and economic feasibility of various transportation systems was parametrically investigated and the results are described in this three-part final report. Part 1, is the Executive Summary, presenting a brief description of the total study. Briefly, the study found that year-round transportation of crude oil is technically feasible and economically attractive. Year-round methanol transportation is also technically feasible, but delivered costs would not be competitive with prevailing market conditions. New construction of ice breaking tankers, or of ice strengthened tankers associated with special icebreaking ships, would be required. KW - Alaska KW - Arctic oil transportation KW - Arctic Regions KW - Carbinols KW - Crude oil KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Ice KW - Ice strengthening KW - Icebreakers KW - Marine terminals KW - Methanol KW - Methanol tankers KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Sea ice KW - Strength of materials KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Transportation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179212 AU - Auld, B A AU - Beaupre, G S AU - HERRMANN, G AU - Stanford University TI - HORIZONTAL SHEAR SURFACE WAVES ON A LAMINATED COMPOSITE PY - 1978/02 SP - 30 p. AB - It is shown that there exists a new class of surface waves with polarization parallel to the surface, like Love waves, that propagates along the free surface of a half-space consisting of a periodically layered composite with layers parallel to the free surface. A method is presented for deriving these horizontally polarized shear wave solutions from plane wave solutions obtained by applying Floquet's Theorem to an infinite periodically layered medium. The different types of surface wave dispersion relations obtained in this way are discussed and the physical significane of two critical points, the conical point and turning point, is noted. KW - Composite materials KW - Rayleigh waves KW - S waves KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179213 AU - HERRMANN, G AU - Beaupre, G S AU - Auld, B A AU - Stanford University TI - APPLICABILITY OF FLOQUET-TYPE SOLUTIONS TO BOUNDED LAYERED COMPOSITES PY - 1978/02 SP - 19 p. AB - It is shown that certain Floquet-type solutions describing the propagation of horizontally polarized shear waves in an infinite, periodically layered, elastic composite can be considered applicable to composites with boundaries. In particular, this is the case for layered plates with traction-free and rigidly constrained bounding planes, as well as for a layered half-space in which different novel types of surface waves can propagate. KW - Composite materials KW - Plate vibration KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Rayleigh waves KW - S waves KW - Sandwich construction KW - Vibration KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175335 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF SHIP LOADING VALUES (BOW IN COLLISION), TASK VIII PY - 1978/01/30 SP - 55 p. AB - With formulations collected by K. Reckling the collapsing resistance of the OBO TARIM's Model Bow was calculated for several stages of penetration. In collision test no. 9 performed by the German Nuclear Research Institute (GKSS) the overall penetration for a known impact energy was known: This is compared with the area under the curve of impact forces calculated at several points during penetration. The work so calculated was found to be 39% less than the energy spent in the test. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are given. KW - Buckling KW - Collision damage protection KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Hulls KW - Impact strength KW - Inertia force determination KW - Inertial forces KW - Loads KW - Set forward force KW - Ship hulls KW - Shock resistance KW - Tanker collisions KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Yield strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00177041 AU - Tenser, M B AU - Christensen, R G AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. EXPORTS TRANSHIPPED VIA CANADIAN PORTS PY - 1978/01 SP - 84 p. AB - Included are statistics on the tonnage and value of goods exported from the U.S. via Canadian ports in 1976. The data tables for shipments via 13 U.S. ports contain the name of the U.S. customs district, the country of ultimate destination, the commodity code and description, the estimated tonnage of the shipment, and its dollar value. There are also tables comparing the weight and value of Canadian diversion cargo for 1974, 1975, and 1976; a ranking by dollar value of the top 10 countries importing via Canada, including the percentage of total dollar value, the number of long tons, and the percentage of total long tons; and U.S. exports via Canada by customs district of exit, giving dollar value, percentage of total dollar value, number of long tons, and percentage of total long tons. KW - Cargo diversion KW - Cargo flow KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Exports KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal traffic analysis KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Rates KW - Statistics KW - Traffic KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658678 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts AU - Maritime Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - FLORIDA WATERPORT SYSTEMS STUDY PY - 1978 AB - This Summary Report presents the key elements of seven technical supplements describing the 27 public waterports of the State of Florida and analyzes them in respect to the current and forecasted demand (to year 2,000) for handling domestic and foreign waterborne commerce. It also assesses technical, economic, environmental and institutional factors affecting port development. It identifies capital requirements for meeting facility needs and makes recommendations concerning the roles that Florida DOT, Florida Ports Council and the U.S. Maritime Administration, respectively, can play in assisting the public ports of Florida. KW - Capital investments KW - Cargo handling KW - Commodity flow KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Florida KW - Legislation KW - Management information systems KW - Marine terminals KW - Port authorities KW - Port capacity KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port traffic KW - Ports KW - Throughput KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196566 AU - Levine, Z AU - Winall, A O AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A NUCLEAR-POWERED ICEBREAKING TANKER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1978 SP - v.p. AB - This paper is based on a study performed for the U.S. Maritime Administration, Office of Advanced Ship Development by Newport News Shipbuilding. Arctec Incorporated, under subcontract to Newport News, provided technical assistance in the areas of ice technology and icebreaker performance analysis. The principal objective of the study was to evaluate trade routes and develop conceptual designs for the icebreaking tanker and related facilities which comprise the overall "transportation system" for the movement of crude petroleum for Alaska's North Slope to the East Coast of the United States. A major oil company's marine division assisted in the study by providing ship operator/owner information and guidance in the assessment of suggested trade routes and alternative sites. KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic transportation KW - Cargo ships KW - Cold weather KW - Economic analysis KW - Icebreakers KW - Icebreaking KW - Nuclear powered icebreakers KW - Oil tankers KW - Oil terminals KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Petroleum trade KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196547 AU - MacIntyre, N L AU - Maritime Administration AU - Seaworthy Engine Systems, Incorporated AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - THE PRACTICAL EFFECTS ON EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE OF USING FUEL ADDITIVES AND CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT WITH MARINE BOILERS PY - 1978 SP - 32 p. AB - This paper reports on the findings of a MarAd sponsored contract to evaluate the effects of using a variety of different types of fuel oil additives and two techniques for making water-in-fuel emulsions. Data is presented on the effects of the products on boiler efficiency and fireside deposits. These results are discussed in comparison with the chemical rationale for each product used. A simple method for developing comparative boiler performance is discussed. KW - Boiler maintenance KW - Boiler testing KW - Boiler tube corrosion KW - Boiler tubes KW - Boilers KW - Combustion KW - Combustion technology KW - Corrosion KW - Economic efficiency KW - Electric power plants KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel additives KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel emulsions KW - Fuel quality KW - Performance KW - Power plant efficiency KW - Power plant performance KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196552 AU - Andrews, B V AU - Maritime Administration AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - HEAVY LIFT SHIP DESIGNS AND COSTS PY - 1978 SP - 61 p. AB - Although the United States exports and imports large numbers of heavy lift and oversize cargo units, the only ships under the U.S. flag that can handle the cargo are the Lykes Lines' Seabees, LASH, and a few liner ships with lifting gear. Many small foreign ships with facilities to lift, float, and roll heavy lift units are operating successfully. This paper reports the parametric designs of families of heavy lift ships with combinations of handling methods, and the conversion of typical general cargo liners to provide heavy lift facilities. The 1976 construction and operations costs of these ships were also estimated, as well as chartering costs for competitive tugs and barges for towing. This report is part of a study funded by the Maritime Administration and Lykes Bros. Steamship Co. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Costs KW - Heavy lift vessels KW - Lash KW - Lashing KW - Liner shipping KW - Lo/lo ships KW - Operating costs KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Seabee KW - Seabee Systems KW - Ship conversion KW - Ship descriptions (Heavy lift) KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186682 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESEARCH PLAN FOR ARCTIC SHIP POWERING AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1977/12/12 SP - 58 p. AB - This study examines and documents the basis for an Arctic surface ship transportation system and identifies the major elements of a research program designed to upgrade the state-of-the-art of Arctic marine transportation technology in order to minimize its risk and improve its attractiveness as a viable alternative to other modes of transportation. KW - Arctic Regions KW - Arctic research planning KW - Arctic transportation KW - Cargo ships KW - Cold weather KW - Hulls KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Research management KW - Sea ice KW - Ship hulls KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658557 AU - Sperry Marine Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONDUCTING A MARINE RADAR TRANSPONDER EXPERIMENT AND STUDY, PHASE 2-A PY - 1977/12 SP - Various p. AB - This final report on Phase 2 of the Marine Radar Transponder Experiment conducted by Sperry Marine Systems deals with the design, brassboard construction, bench and field tests, sea trials and demonstrations of an experimental marine radar interrogator system. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Marine radar interrogator transponders KW - Performance evaluations KW - Radar KW - Recommendations KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship trials KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400205 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308497 AU - Spann, G W AU - Hooper, N J AU - Bonham, C H AU - Mason, R M AU - Grocki, J J AU - Hall, C H AU - Metrics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MARITIME INDUSTRY ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROFILES PY - 1977/12 SP - 100 p. AB - This report presents the results of an evaluation of maritime industry energy consumption profiles. The evaluation included a survey of a sample of firms in the maritime industry and an analysis of the energy results. The project's purpose was the development of a voluntary energy consumption reporting system for the maritime industry. The project was scheduled in three phases: Phase I included the development of appropriate measures of output and energy efficiency for different categories within the maritime industry and the estimation of energy consumption in each of the different categories; Phase II included the development and testing of survey questionnaires; Phase III included the implementation of the reporting system and the development and implementation of computer-based methods for analyzing the reported data. Phase I determined the appropriate categorization of the maritime industry and developed suitable output and energy efficiency measures for each category. Eight separate industry categories were established: deep sea, Great Lakes, inland waterways, offshore, port authorities, stevedore contractors, harbor tugs, and shipbuilding. Phase II (test of the questionnaire) surveyed sample firms from all eight industry categories. At least five firms were chosen from each category, and were those thought to be the greatest energy consumers. Included were 25 of the largest deep-sea operators (the category of highest consumption) and five (in one case, six) of the largest firms in each of the other categories. The 61 firms in the survey accounted for about 55 percent of total maritime industry energy consumption. KW - Demand KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy demand KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Port operations KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - Surveys KW - Tug operations KW - Tugboats KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308496 AU - Mason, R M AU - Spurlock, J M AU - Hooper, N J AU - Grocki, J J AU - Metrics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A MARAD SUPPORT STRATEGY FOR ENERGY RESEARCH PY - 1977/12 SP - 43 p. AB - The report is the result of work conducted under Department of Commerce Contract No. 6-38035, which was originally intended as an effort to develop an energy reporting system for the maritime industry. After this effort was initiated and some data were collected, the new Department of Energy was being organized, and MarAd decided to terminate its effort on developing an independent energy reporting system for the maritime industry. The remainder of the contract effort subsequently was directed toward analyzing information collected through a sample survey, discussions with individuals from industry and MarAd, and other observations during the first part of the project. Consequently, the report represents an objective assessment of the data and observations resulting from a project initially directed toward developing a maritime energy reporting system. The industry comments, recommendations, and informal suggestions were analyzed along with the project team's observations from the systems perspective of an overall R&D and technical innovation process. This analysis permitted the identification and assessment of alternative roles and activities for MarAd. Simultaneously, the analysis identified specific research projects and issues which deserve immediate attention. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Energy conservation KW - Resource allocation KW - Surveys KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181022 AU - Francis, E J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Maritime Administration TI - INVESTMENT IN COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) PLANT-SHIPS PY - 1977/12 SP - 227 p. AB - Significant increases in energy prices can adversely affect U.S. overall standard of living and the already large deficits in our balance of payments. Of the alternatives to fossil fuels and nuclear power, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) offers the greatest promise for substantial relief. In addition to initial use of OTEC ammonia for production of fertilizers and industrial chemicals, OTEC ammonia can be used as a hydrogen carrier for production of electricity. The report recommends that OTEC/ammonia plant-ships be given high priority and substantial funding within a National Energy Plan. KW - Aluminum KW - Ammonia KW - Ammonia fuels KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric power KW - Electric power generation KW - Energy conversion KW - Fertilizers KW - Fuel cells KW - Fuels KW - Marketing KW - Oceans KW - Planning KW - Prices KW - Thermal efficiency KW - Thermal power generation KW - Thermal power plants KW - Thermal reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00177042 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PLANNING CRITERIA FOR U.S. PORT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1977/12 SP - 55 p. AB - Addresses five basic elements of port planning. These significant ingredients are: port and terminal technology; investment criteria and strategies; port capacity; port pricing and port environmental assessment. The report offers the main characteristics of port planning as well as introducing some of the latest managerial techniques that have been specifically adapted for port development decision-making. In addition to a basic introduction to port and terminal technology, the report treats the recent theories and applications of port investment, capacity and environmental impact. The establishment of suitable criteria for port investment and the pricing of port services are required steps in this era of capital scarcities. Similarly, the determination of a port's capacity is an essential requirement in planning potential cargo movements and intermodal activities for a harbor area. The final section on port environmental assessment addresses a crucial social situation that daily confronts the operations of ports. This chapter reviews the ecological factors of port design and construction and summarizes the environmental impact assessment and control requirements in port development and operations. KW - Capital investments KW - Commodities KW - Commodity statistics KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Port capacity KW - Port design KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Statistics KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181741 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BOW LOADING VALUES (BULBOUS BOW). TASK II PY - 1977/11/04 SP - 86 p. AB - In order to design an efficient collision barrier, it is necessary to know the distribution and maximum intensity of forces impacting on the barrier during the crushing of a striking bow. These were calculated for the model of the "Esso Malaysia" using the empirical method of Dr. Gerard, and also various buckling formulae. The results of the calculations were fairly satisfactory. A check was also made for the total energy spent in the German GKSS tests using forces recorded during the test. It was found that the recording of these forces was not satisfactory. (See MRIS No.181564). KW - Bow design KW - Bow forces KW - Bows KW - Buckling KW - Bulbous bows KW - Collision damage protection KW - Crashes KW - Energy absorption KW - Force KW - Hull forces KW - Hulls KW - Impact loads KW - Impact strength KW - Loads KW - Model testing KW - Set forward force KW - Shear strength KW - Ship hulls KW - Shock resistance KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648811 AU - McMullen (John J.) Associates, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF ADVANCED CARGO HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR GENERAL CARGO LINERS PY - 1977/11 AB - This report consists of three volumes. Volume 1, is the Executive Summary. Volume 2, Analysis of the U.S. General Cargo Trade, analyzes historical import and export cargo movements and projects future liner cargo movements by type of cargo; analyzes shipment lot size characteristics by weight and volume, and discusses developing trends in the overall cargo movement system which are likely to have an influence on the development of cargo handling technologies. Volume 3, Advanced Cargo Handling System Concepts, describes a total of eighteen cargo handling systems and concepts, classified within four distinct cargo handling categories. It evaluates each system against a set of criteria designed to reflect potential application by U.S.-flag operators. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo load distribution KW - Cargo movements KW - Criteria KW - Freight transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Shipping KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172849 AU - Benetatos, P A AU - Byington, R I AU - Franklin, P L AU - Hartman, T J AU - Chung, H C AU - Maritime Administration TI - A LONG-TERM FORECAST OF U.S. WATERBORNE FOREIGN TRADE 1976-2000 VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1977/11 SP - v.p. AB - The forecasts in this three volume report extend from 1976 to the year 2000 in five-year intervals. The first volume is a summary that includes a full description of forecasting models and procedures as well as highlights of forecasts for major import and export commodity groups. Volume Two consists of computer print-outs of forecasts of 3-digit Census Schedule A and B commodities by 19 world trading regions; and the third volume contains similar material classified by 65 major trade routes. The forecast is based on U.S. Bureau of the Census annual tapes that store 354 time series, covering the period of 1967-1975, on a 3-digit commodity level. Since many trade volumes at the 3-digit level are of minor quantity, they are grouped into 82 aggregated time series consisting of 41 imports and 41 exports. These constitute the dependent variables for the micro models. The independent variables were derived from Data Resources Incorporated time series of a wide variety of economic variables for both the U.S. and foreign countries. The reliability of the forecasts diminishes as more detailed forecasts are made relative to the aggregated forecasts. Thus, the 354 commodity level forecasts are less reliable, as are the regional and trade route forecasts. The forecasts are subject to periodic revisions and occasional updates as needs arise. KW - Commodities KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Freight traffic KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Mathematical models KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Water KW - Waterborne trade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308499 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPACT OF DEGRADED MARINE FUELS ON MARINE PROPULSION AND SYSTEMS PY - 1977/10/15 SP - v.p. AB - This report examines the impact of degraded fuels on marine propulsion equipment and systems. The use of the specified degraded fuel in steam power plants is reviewed and its impact on boiler design and maintenance is analyzed. The effect of the high fuel viscosity on the fuel storage, transfer, and service systems is defined and the necessary changes to the systems are outlined. The necessary blending of the specified degraded fuel is established and results in an intermediate degraded fuel that can be burned in marine medium speed diesels with acceptable increase in maintenance. Water washing of the fuel is necessary to reduce the amount of contaminants but the fuel viscosity has no effect on the design of the fuel piping systems. An economic evaluation studying the effect of the burning of these degraded fuels in both steam and diesel power plants is included. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Boiler design KW - Boilers KW - Diesel fuels KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Fuels) KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Fuel blending KW - Fuel composition KW - Fuel mixtures KW - Fuel processing KW - Fuel quality KW - Fuel storage KW - Fuel systems KW - Fuels KW - Machinery KW - Medium speed diesels KW - Piping systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion machinery KW - Steam power plants KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175171 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS. VOLUME I. OF THE MOBILE OIL DRILLING RIG MARKET, 1977 - 1987 PY - 1977/10 SP - 355 p. AB - This report contains a comprehensive short-to-medium range analysis of the supply and demand factors impacting on the markets for offshore oil drilling rigs and related support vessels. Descriptions of the mobile drilling rig and support vessel markets were prepared in which relevant factors and variables which interact to form the 'market' were identified and evaluated. To provide the data base for such an analysis oil and gas reserves worldwide, together with the development policies of major oil producing nations were identified and discussed. The report includes an analysis of the financial performance of the offshore oil drilling industry and the segment of the industry that operates vessels in support of drilling activities. The report also includes a detailed analysis of the financial performance of some of the major offshore drilling contracting firms and a forecast of mobile drilling rig and support vessel supply and demand for the years 1977, 1982 and 1987. KW - Continental shelf KW - Continental shelves KW - Demand KW - Depletion KW - Drilling machines KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy source development KW - Equipment KW - Forecasting KW - Inventory KW - Leasing KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Marketing KW - Natural gas KW - Offshore drilling platforms KW - Offshore oil industry KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore supply boats KW - Oil exploration KW - Oil wells KW - Petroleum industry KW - Resource development KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Supply vessels KW - Technology assessment KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Underwater equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175173 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. OF THE MOBILE OIL DRILLING RIG AND SUPPORT CRAFT MARKETS PY - 1977/10 SP - 47 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to assist the Maritime Administration in determining the economic soundness of vessel construction projects submitted pursuant to the Federal Ship Financing Guarantee program. In addition, there is a detailed discussion of worldwide offshore oil and gas reserves and undiscovered recoverable resources, recent production trends, and exploration/development policies of principal current and potential oil producing countries based on the location of offshore resources. The rig market includes the three major types of mobile drilling units: jackups, semisubmersibles and drillships. The support craft market is grouped into nine types of support vessels commonly employed by the industry. The mobile rig forecast is presented on a regional basis indicating the future demand for offshore drilling units in relation to the characteristics of the region and the anticipated development within the region. KW - Barges KW - Boats KW - Continental shelf KW - Continental shelves KW - Demand KW - Depletion KW - Drilling machines KW - Drilling ships KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy resources KW - Energy source development KW - Equipment KW - Forecasting KW - Inventory KW - Jack up rigs KW - Leasing KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Marketing KW - Natural gas KW - Natural resources KW - Offshore drilling platforms KW - Offshore oil industry KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore supply boats KW - Oil exploration KW - Oil wells KW - Petroleum industry KW - Resource development KW - Semisubmersibles KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Supply vessels KW - Technology assessment KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Tugboats KW - Underwater equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175172 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SUPPLY-DEMAND ANALYSIS. VOLUME II. OF THE OFFSHORE OIL INDUSTRY SUPPORT CRAFT MARKET PY - 1977/10 SP - 104 p. AB - Volume Two of this report presents a description of the market for offshore petroleum industry support craft and an analysis of that market. Financial performance of five major operating companies is described. A forecast of support craft supply and demand for 1977, 1982, and 1987 is included. KW - Barges KW - Boats KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Inventory KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Marketing KW - Natural gas KW - Offshore drilling platforms KW - Offshore oil industry KW - Offshore supply boats KW - Oil exploration KW - Oil wells KW - Petroleum industry KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Supply vessels KW - Technology assessment KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Tugboats KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175077 AU - Pinkus, O AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN AND OPERATION OF STERN TUBE BEARINGS: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1977/09 SP - 207 p. AB - This report contains a critical survey of stern tube bearing design and operation, as practiced on merchant marine vessels. The emphasis is on the modern fleets of fast container ships and bulk carriers. Both oil and water lubrication are considered. The severity of the bearings' operating condition is described as well as the difficulties of present day designs to meet the requirements of stern tube operation. Recommendations are made for a program aimed at advancing the technology of stern tube bearings in order to meet the needs of present-day and future ships. KW - Bearing design KW - Bearing lubrication KW - Bearings KW - Bulk carriers KW - Containerships KW - Design KW - Durability KW - Lubricants KW - Lubrication KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propeller shafts KW - Service life KW - Shaft bearings KW - State of the art KW - Stern tube bearings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169626 AU - DeLaval Turbine, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN NON-REHEAT STEAM PROPULSION - RETROFIT AND NEW CONSTRUCTION PY - 1977/09 SP - 249 p. AB - Proposed improvements to major components and systems of non-reheat steam plants are investigated on an individual basis. Both technical and economic advantages and disadvantages are developed and identified. Selected individual components are then combined in several arrangements and the resulting systems evaluated with respect to fuel consumption and capital costs. Consideration is given to both new construction and retrofit applications. Additional details are given in Report PB-273 053. KW - Air preheaters KW - Analysis KW - Boiler tubes KW - Boilers KW - Components KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Steam turbines) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Non reheat turbines KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam turbine design KW - Steam turbines KW - Superheaters KW - Thermal efficiency KW - Turbine components KW - Turbines KW - Turbogenerators KW - Water tube boilers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169627 AU - DeLaval Turbine, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN NON-REHEAT STEAM PROPULSION - RETROFIT AND NEW CONSTRUCTION. APPENDIX PY - 1977/09 SP - 372 p. AB - Proposed improvements to major components and systems of non-reheat steam plants are investigated on an individual basis. Both technical and economic advantages and disadvantages are developed and identified. Selected individual components are then combined in several arrangements and the resulting systems evaluated with respect to fuel consumption and capital costs. Consideration is given to both new construction and retrofit applications. Results are summarized in Report PB-273 052. KW - Air preheaters KW - Analysis KW - Boiler tubes KW - Boilers KW - Components KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Steam turbines) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Non reheat turbines KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam turbine design KW - Steam turbines KW - Superheaters KW - Thermal efficiency KW - Turbine components KW - Turbines KW - Turbogenerators KW - Water tube boilers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660441 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PLASTICS IN SHIPBUILDING PY - 1977/08 SP - 94 p. AB - The objective of this study was to facilitate increased use of cost effective plastics and reinforced plastics in the U.S. shipbuilding industry. Literature was searched for applications of plastics in shipbuilding and related industries. Ships were visited, and naval architects, shipbuilders, regulatory agencies, and polymer suppliers were interviewed to discuss their experiences with plastics and their ideas for its extended use. The result of the study is this shipbuilders' manual, which: contains fundamental knowledge about plastics, points out their advantages and limitations, and explores selected applications of plastics that have the potential for greater productive use. KW - Glass fiber reinforced plastics KW - Glass fibers KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Plastics KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321198 AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPANSION OF THE SOVIET MERCHANT MARINE INTO THE U.S. MARITIME TRADES, (AUG. 1977) PY - 1977/08 AB - Report on Soviet union merchant fleet size and composition, and share of the U.S. foreign trade cargo market before and after the U.S.-U.S.S.R. maritime agreement of 1972. Includes data for selected years 1960-76, with various projections to 1986. Data are from Marad, Navy, Commerce dept, and published Soviet sources; and international shipping industry publications. Trade data are shown variously by cargo weight and value, or vessel or cargo type. Contents: section i-iii. Introduction and Soviet fleet analysis. Section IV. Competition in the U.S. foreign trade market. Section V. Soviet fleet operations worldwide. App. I-ii. Table showing major U.S. foreign trade commodities on Soviet ships. App. III. U.s.-flag fleet forecast. Copyright asi. KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - International transportation KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168855 AU - Folenta, D J AU - Transmission Technology Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN OF TEST RIG FOR HYDRODYNAMICALLY COUPLED CONTRAROTATING PROPELLER PROPULSION SYSTEM PY - 1977/08 SP - 75 p. AB - There appears to be universal agreement with respect to the improvements to be gained from the action of contrarotating propellers (CR). From a machinery design point of view, various CR arrangements are feasible. This report discusses design of a model CR test rig using an epicyclic gear as the CR shaft output generator and a speed reducer. The report further discusses the options available to the propulsion systems designers and the implication of the various options on such parameters as mechanical efficiency, size, arrangement, etc. The introduction of the simple epicyclic gear as the CR shaft generator introduces the concept of hydrodynamically coupled CR propellers. KW - Contrarotating propellers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propellers) KW - Epicyclic gears KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Marine propellers KW - Model basins KW - Model testing KW - Propeller models KW - Propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184189 AU - Gertler, M AU - Miller, E R AU - Ankudinov, V AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - SHALLOW-WATER MANEUVERABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MARAD SYSTEMATIC SERIES FOR LARGE FULL-FORM MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1977/08 SP - 180 p. AB - A comprehensive program of model experiments and computer simulation studies was carried out to investigate the shallow-water maneuverability characteristics associated with the MARAD Series for large full-form merchant ships. The investigation was based on the use of four existing Series models (ranging from 20 to 26 feet in length) which combine to represent B/T variations of 3.00, 3.75, and 4.50 with constant L/B = 5.00 and C sub B - 0.85, and L/B variations of 5.00 and 6.50 with constant B/T - 3.00 and C sub B - 0.85. The experiments were all performed with the new HSMB LAHPMM System using standard techniques, adapted as necessary to meet shallow-water requirements, and covered a range of constant depth-to-draft ratio H/T values down to 1.2. The results of the overall investigation are presented in handbook format, suitable for direct use by naval architects and other practitioners, both in nondimensional form and in terms of their application to "standard-ship prototypes" having a full-load displacement of 200,000 tons. KW - Directional stability KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Model testing KW - Propellers KW - Resistance tests KW - Restricted water operation KW - Screw propellers KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship simulators KW - Sinkage KW - Trim KW - Trim (Aeronautics) KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00187111 AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPANSION OF THE SOVIET MERCHANT MARINE INTO THE U.S. MARITIME TRADES (ANALYSIS, FORECAST) PY - 1977/08 SP - n.p. AB - The report analyzes the growth of the Soviet merchant marine since 1965 and forecasts its growth through 1985. It cites the trend to intermodalism in the U.S.S.R. fleet and projects the expected number of new deliveries for the next 10 years. Specific data presented include: number of ships and total tonnage of the world merchant fleet, 1965 and 1975; U.S., U.S.S.R., and total world fleet by vessel size as of January 1, 1976; Soviet fleet size and composition projected to 1986; U.S./U.S.S.R. bilateral and total U.S. oceangoing foreign trade by U.S. or Soviet carrier with projections for 1980 and 1985; Soviet vessel visits to U.S. ports by coast and the Great Lakes; total Soviet foreign trade by tanker and dry cargo ships; total Soviet fleet capacity, ton-miles traveled, and foreign and domestic tonnage carried for 5-year intervals, 1960-1975; ranking by tonnage and dollar value of total U.S. trade carried on Soviet ships; a U.S.-flag fleet forecast; and a listing of Soviet shipping companies, services, routes, and vessels. KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economic forecasting KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet statistics KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Intermodal transportation KW - International trade KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant vessels KW - Russia (Federation) KW - Shipping KW - Shipping industries KW - Statistics KW - Tanker fleet statistics KW - Tankers KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00173661 AU - Johnson, P F AU - Kelly, R E AU - Viele, J W AU - Pacific Gulf Marine, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SYSTEM. BASIC SYSTEM DESIGN AND DIESEL PLANT PROTOTYPE PY - 1977/08 SP - 163 p. AB - This report is on progress towards development of a shipboard maintenance and repair system to meet the needs of the industry and U.S. Coast Guard requirements. Based on inputs from operators, a basic system design was developed and a diesel-plant prototype system was produced and installed on board the dry-bulk carrier MV SUGAR ISLANDER (unattended diesel plant). During the one-year evaluation, a series of casualties and extended shipyard periods prevented full system usage and limited collection of data. As a result, report conclusions and recommendations are tentative. Accomplishment of preventive maintenance actions, although limited to 38 percent of total requirements, resulted in timely discovery of deteriorated machinery conditions with an estimated cost benefit of $40,800. ADP-operated machinery history and spare parts inventory control subsystems worked well and provided valuable data to ship and shore M&R managers. System users appraised the system as needed to get away from breakdown maintenance, to promote maintenance program continuity, and to provide effective methods for both shipboard and shore management of M&R. Recommendations are to continue system evaluation under the total-ship prototype project (Contract No. 7-38014), inform industry of results to date, and continue development for gas turbine plants and other cargo types. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Data logging KW - Data logging systems KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel maintenance KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Engine room instrumentation KW - Engine rooms KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Instrumentation KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance data systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Monitoring KW - Planning KW - Sugar Islander (Ship) KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169616 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE INDUSTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MARITIME INDUSTRY 1976-2000. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/08 SP - 74 p. AB - This report contains a 25 year forecast of the offshore industry including offshore petroleum production, offshore power production, offshore mining, offshore service platforms, and commercial ocean fishing. Each segment of the offshore industry is described in terms of the current status of industry, trends that might influence the direction of future development, and forces acting on the industry to impede or encourage growth. The report examines potential areas of impact on the maritime industry, such as financial, manpower, environmental, materials requirements, legislation and regulation, and new technologies, that might result from offshore industry development. Further it discusses changes likely to result in the maritime industry from the various impacts described and suggests planning that will be needed to accommodate to the changes. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the future of the offshore industry. KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Electric power generation KW - Energy conversion KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Fishing KW - Gas industry KW - Gas production KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Labor market KW - Legislation KW - Mineral deposits KW - Mining engineering KW - Nuclear power KW - Oceans KW - Offshore operations KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore sites KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil recovery KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum engineering KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Technology assessment KW - Thermal power generation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169615 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE INDUSTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MARITIME INDUSTRY 1976-2000. VOLUME II PY - 1977/08 SP - 144 p. AB - Volume Two examines the various impacts on the traditional maritime industry of offshore industry development, and describes the areas of planning needed by the maritime industry to accommodate those impacts. KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Electric power generation KW - Energy conversion KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Fishing KW - Gas industry KW - Gas production KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Labor market KW - Legislation KW - Mineral deposits KW - Mining engineering KW - Nuclear power KW - Oceans KW - Offshore operations KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore sites KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil recovery KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum engineering KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Technology assessment KW - Thermal power generation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169614 AU - Durfee, J H AU - BDM Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - A TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF OFFSHORE INDUSTRY. THE UNITED STATES OFFSHORE INDUSTRY. CURRENT STATUS, TRENDS AND FORECAST 1976-2000. VOLUME I PY - 1977/08 SP - 522 p. AB - Volume One presents a description of the current status of the U.S. offshore industry together with developing trends in the industry and an examination of the various forces that influence development. A 25 year forecast of offshore industry development is included. Also included is a description of the U.S. commercial ocean fishing industry and a 25 year forecast of industry development. KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Electric power generation KW - Energy conversion KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys KW - Fisheries KW - Fishing KW - Gas industry KW - Gas production KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Labor market KW - Legislation KW - Mineral deposits KW - Mining engineering KW - Nuclear power KW - Oceans KW - Offshore operations KW - Offshore platforms KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore sites KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil recovery KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum engineering KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Technology assessment KW - Thermal power generation KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168856 AU - Arpi, D W AU - Winn, L W AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STATISTICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF STERN TUBE BEARING AND SEAL FAILURES PY - 1977/07 SP - 88 p. AB - The report presents the findings of known studies of the incidence and nature of stern tube bearing and seal failure in large merchant vessels. The repair costs and lost vessel service time associated with these failures are documented for ships of various sizes and types. It is calculated that the present value of the repair costs and lost service time is close to $100 million for ships having shafts larger than 500 mm in diameter which will be built between 1978 and 1990 unless research and development efforts are undertaken to improve stern tube bearings and seals. This cost does not include the cost of failures in ships already built that will be operating in the 1978-1990 time period. KW - Analysis KW - Bearing failure KW - Bearing repair KW - Bearings KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propellers) KW - Failure KW - Failure analysis KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Lubricants KW - Mechanical failure KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propeller components KW - Propeller shaft seals KW - Propeller shafts KW - Propellers KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Stern tube bearings KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179456 AU - Brown, D L AU - Marriner, J E AU - McFarland, D B AU - Barge Trains, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF FLEXIBLY CONNECTED BARGE TRAINS. VOLUME 2. APPENDICES. A. PROGRAM LISTINGS. B. SAMPLE PROBLEM. C. VERIFICATION. D. REFERENCES PY - 1977/07 SP - 183 p. AB - The program described in this report was developed to define the dynamic response of a flexibly connected barge train proceeding with a constant velocity. Hydrodynamic strip theory and a pulsating source potential technique is utilized to define the hydrodynamic properties of the system. Methods of elasto-mechanics are utilized to define the flexibility of the connector system. The theoretical development and complete user oriented information is presented. Examples of input data, program execution and output data are also presented. Appendices are included in Volume 2 which present the program listings, sample problem results and program verification. KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Computer programs KW - Couplers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Maneuvering KW - Motion KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Yaw KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179455 AU - Brown, D L AU - Marriner, J E AU - McFarland, D B AU - Barge Trains, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF FLEXIBLY CONNECTED BARGE TRAINS. VOLUME I: USERS MANUAL PY - 1977/07 SP - 133 p. AB - The program described in this report was developed to define the dynamic response of a flexibly connected barge train proceeding with a constant velocity. Hydrodynamic strip theory and a pulsating source potential technique is utilized to define the hydrodynamics properties of the system. Methods of elasto-mechanics are utilized to define the flexibility of the connector system. The theoretical development and complete user oriented information is presented. Examples of input data, program execution and output data are also presented. KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Maneuvering) KW - Couplers KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Maneuvering KW - Motion KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Yaw KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169679 AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANKER POLLUTION ABATEMENT REPORT: A STUDY OF TANKER CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND OPERATING FEATURES RELATED TO IMPROVED POLLUTION ABATEMENT. DETAILED REPORT PY - 1977/07 SP - 273 p. AB - This study represents the Maritime Administration's current reassessment of its pollution abatement standards for the CDS tanker construction program. It is concerned both with the application of certain pollution abatement features to existing vessels, as well as with new tanker design features. The study uses the vessels which are being constructed or have been constructed under the construction differential subsidy program. The vessels range in size from 35,000 DWT to 390,000 DWT. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Abatement KW - Construction KW - Hulls KW - Maneuvering KW - Navigational aids KW - Oil spills KW - Personnel development KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Ship design KW - Ship hulls KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tanker construction KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169678 AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANKER POLLUTION ABATEMENT REPORT: A STUDY OF TANKER CONSTRUCTION, DESIGN, EQUIPMENT, AND OPERATING FEATURES RELATED TO IMPROVED POLLUTION ABATEMENT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/07 SP - 17 p. AB - This report represents the Maritime Administration's current assessment of its pollution abatement standards for the construction differential subsidy tanker construction program. The report was performed in response to the rash of oil tanker accidents which occurred during the winter of 1976/1977 causing major oil spills in or near U.S. waters and the subsequent Coast Guard proposed rulemaking implementing the Presidential initiatives concerning the marine transportation of oil. It is concerned both with the application of certain pollution abatement features to existing vessels, as well as with new tanker design features. KW - Abatement KW - Construction KW - Hulls KW - Maneuvering KW - Navigational aids KW - Oil spills KW - Personnel development KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Ship design KW - Ship hulls KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tanker construction KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168243 AU - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY--NAUTICAL MEDICINE PY - 1977/07 AB - One of the main tasks of the Department for Nautical Medicine is the maintenance of a comprehensive collection of documentation in the field of nautical medicine. Therein, most important historic studies, all publications of the past decades as well as current publications on nautical medicine are to be found. The cardindex used is based on keywords and names of authors. Supplementary volumes of the nautical medical bibliography will be published in intervals of a few years. The bibliography is based on a decimal classification system developed by the Department. The registered papers are classified according to their main aspects under the subjects of the classification system. The register of authors at the end of the bibliography is a further aid as to orientation. The bibliography, DIN A 4 format (21 x 29,8 cm) and threadbinding, consists of approx. 5000 titles on 405 pages. KW - Bibliographies KW - Health care KW - Nautical medicine KW - Shipboard health care KW - Transportation medicine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168687 AU - Roy, D AU - Miffitt, J AU - Casey, J AU - Romano, J AU - Marquis, A AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HIGH PERFORMANCE REHEAT MARINE STEAM PROPULSION PLANT PY - 1977/06/30 SP - 219 p. AB - This report contains the engineering studies, design analyses and analytical investigations that were performed to identify, define and develop the design data, engineering details and operational requirements for a high performance marine reheat steam propulsion plant. Special studies were conducted in the following areas: high pressure, and intermediate pressure turbine construction, propulsion gear and attached auxiliaries, low pressure and astern turbine construction, turbine control and monitoring equipment, general propulsion plant arrangements, thermodynamics and acquisition cost estimates for major components. This report clearly indicates that a high performance reheat steam propulsion plant is technically feasible and economically justifiably. This report also highlights the need for additional design development of such components as boilers and feed pumps. KW - Advanced propulsion KW - Boilers KW - Cargo ships KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Steam turbines) KW - Estimates KW - Feed water pumps KW - Fuel consumption KW - High speed rail KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion gears KW - Reheat boilers KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam turbine design KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Thermal properties KW - Turbines KW - Water pumps UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168764 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - METRIC CONVERSION STUDY FOR THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PY - 1977/06/14 SP - 56 p. AB - This report was prepared for the purpose of developing a master plan for the conversion to the metric system on the part of the Maritime Administration. It includes recommendations and interrelationships among the maritime industry for accomplishing these objectives. A Maritime Metric Practice Guide will be available from the Maritime Administration. KW - Conversion KW - Maritime law KW - Maritime regulation KW - Measurement KW - Metric conversion KW - Metric system KW - Metrology KW - Naval architecture KW - Planning KW - Regulations KW - Scheduling KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184190 AU - Tomassoni, C AU - RAWAT, P AU - Sauer, T AU - Setterstrom, C AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENT OF MEANS FOR RAPID RETRIEVAL OF HULL FORM GEOMETRY AND PERFORMANCE DATA FOR THE MARAD STANDARD SERIES PY - 1977/06 SP - 213 p. AB - The objective of the program was the computerization of the MARAD Standard Series (MSS) geometric hull form data in such a manner that offspring hull forms, defined by offsets and/or plots of body plans, buttocks or waterlines, could be readily obtained for any full-form design without recourse to interpolative decisions on the part of the program user, provided that the characteristics of the new design lie within the matrix of the extended MSS model characteristics. In addition, as high L/B forms such as Great Lakes vessels can be regarded as lengthened versions of the basic MSS full-ended series, the data base was extrapolated for use in Great Lakes design studies and estimates. The data base for this computer program was obtained from the parent forms, one short run afterbody and one long run afterbody), for the sixteen models which define the MSS. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Computer aided design KW - Fairing lines KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull definition KW - Hull forms KW - Hull geometry KW - Hulls KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Lines fairing KW - Maritime information systems KW - Model testing KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Resistance tests KW - Screw propellers KW - Ship design KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166706 AU - NUS Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP PROGRAM-ADDENDUM PY - 1977/06 SP - 130 p. AB - This study represents a qualitative extension of an earlier Environmental Impact Analysis of the Nuclear Merchant Ship Program (MarAd, 1975) using an Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) as the reference ship, to other types of ships including a containership, dry-bulk cargo vessel, and an icebreaking oil tanker. This qualitative analysis shows that, for ships operating into coastal ports (containerships and possibly dry-bulk carriers), both ecological and radiological impacts would be somewhat greater than for the reference ULCC docking at an offshore terminal. These impacts can be kept within the guidelines established for land based nuclear power plants by implementation of appropriate operating procedures. KW - Containerships KW - Cooling KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Ecological effects KW - Ecosystems KW - Environmental impacts KW - Heat KW - Marine biology KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Marine terminals KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propulsion KW - Supertankers KW - Surveys KW - Tankers KW - Thermal environments KW - Very large crude carriers KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166713 AU - Conn, P K AU - Hackworth, J V AU - Snell, I C AU - Bell Aerospace Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE CAVITATION EROSION OF SHIP PROPELLERS PY - 1977/06 SP - 104 p. AB - Erosive impact intensity of cavitation generated by a model propeller in water tunnel flows is related to specific off-design conditions that a propeller experiences in a ship's wake. Uniform velocity flows were used so that effects of off-design conditions could be separated from effects of cavitation dynamics introduced by periodic rotation through the wake. Erosive impact intensity was measured by the size and rate of formation of pits formed on the polished blades by impact of loads created by collapse of cavitation bubbles. Information is also presented on the evaluation as erosion resistant coverings for propellers, of five polyurethane formulations developed by Bell Aerospace Textron and thirteen commercial materials applied by seven suppliers. This laboratory evaluation included cavitation erosion resistance of the coverings and lap shear strengths of their bonds to ABS Type 4 bronze before and after 6 months immersion in salt water. KW - Bonding KW - Bronze KW - Bubble dynamics KW - Bubbles KW - Cavitation (Mechanics) KW - Cavitation erosion KW - Coatings KW - Copper alloys KW - Corrosion resistance KW - Dynamics KW - Erosion KW - Erosion protection KW - Impacts KW - Plastic coatings KW - Polyurethane coatings KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Propellers KW - Protective coatings KW - Soil stabilization KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166707 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS CAORF SYMPOSIUM (1ST), HELD ON JUNE 23-24, 1977 PY - 1977/06 SP - 119 p. AB - Contents: An experimental investigation on collision avoidance system benefits; Collision avoidance behavior and uncertainty; Implementation of a CAORF experiment; Configuration of the CAORF system and data base for an experiment; CAORF validation of ship and scene; Validation of mate behavior on CAORF; Human collision avoidance behavior and uncertainty as a function of visibility, traffic density and navigational aids; A quick look at the value of transponder systems in collision avoidance; A review of Valdez experiment; Situation difficulty. KW - Common carriers KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Evasive action KW - Human factors engineering KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Meetings KW - Operations research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulation KW - Surface navigation KW - Systems engineering KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Training simulators KW - Transponders KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179630 AU - Dreghorn, R T AU - Jardine, N A AU - Winer, J H AU - Mystech Associates, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS OPERATION AND LOGISTIC SUPPORT PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PHASE 1A--REQUIREMENTS ASSESSMENT PY - 1977/06 SP - 350 p. AB - The report presents the results of a study to identify the major concerns of the U.S. Maritime Industry in the areas of shipboard maintenance, repair and logistic support. Through analysis of these concerns industry requirements were formulated to provide the basis for further efforts within the Shipboard Systems Operation and Logistic Support Program. The information contained in the study represents inputs from a significant cross-section of U.S. flag shipowners/operators, ship repair facilities and seafaring unions. Data pertaining to applicable allied industry maintenance, repair and logistic support procedures were received from selected airlines, central power companies, truck fleets, railroads and refineries. KW - Maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship repair KW - Shipboard maintenance KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166253 AU - Bjerklie, J W AU - LaHaye, P G AU - Hague International Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - LOW EXCESS AIR HIGH PERFORMANCE MARINE BURNER/COMBUSTION SYSTEM. PHASE II. SMALL SCALE PROTOTYPE TESTS FOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PY - 1977/05/11 SP - 47 p. AB - An experimental study was performed on a massive recirculation, 3,000,000 btu/hr, low excess air burner operating in a Cleaver-Brooks Mini-4 boiler. Successful operation was achieved with 1/2 to 1 1/2% excess air and Bacharach smoke ratings of 4 to 6 (zero to trace of smoke visible in stack) while burning No. 6 fuel oil at a temperature of 180F. Recirculation ratios on the order of unity were measured. NOx levels were held to 165 to 220 ppm for the No. 6 fuel oil tested, containing 0.1% fuel bound nitrogen. The apparent turndown capability is at least 5/1 with 11.1 inches w.c. available combustion air pressure difference. No structural problems were noted within the burner. Deposits within the burner were essentially nonexistent. It is recommended that a much larger scale test be undertaken aimed toward marine boiler application for residual fuel combustion. It should result in lower smoke at 1% excess air than found in this small scale test. KW - Air quality management KW - Boiler smoke control KW - Boilers KW - Combustion KW - Combustion chambers KW - Combustion control KW - Control KW - Fuel oils KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Oil burners KW - Performance evaluations KW - Smoke KW - Smoking KW - Steam boilers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168854 AU - Murray, S F AU - Smith, W V AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - BEARING AND SEAL MATERIALS FOR STERN TUBE APPLICATIONS - ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1977/05/10 SP - 78 p. AB - The report presents the results of a literature survey on the basis of which an assessment of the state-of-the-art in stern tube bearing and seal materials was performed. The results indicate a need for better seal materials and more effective seal designs if the reliability of stern tube seals in large commercial vessels is to be improved. In the area of bearings, the material problem appears to be less critical. Tin based babbitts and some commercially available plastic materials appear to be yielding reasonably good performance under normal conditions of operation. The problem becomes more acute at jacking and reverse shaft speeds as well as on ships of new design where hull and rotor deflections are alone, or in combination with dynamic loading, forcing the bearings to operate under conditions where the load capacity is marginal. This combination results in excessive bearing wear. KW - Alloys KW - Antifriction bearings KW - Bearing alloys KW - Bearing capacity KW - Bearing loads KW - Bearing materials KW - Bearings KW - Design KW - Journal bearings KW - Lubricants KW - Marine engineering KW - Materials KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propeller components KW - Propeller shaft seals KW - Propeller shafts KW - Reviews KW - Seal design KW - Seal materials KW - Sealing compounds KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - State of the art KW - Stern tube bearings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657538 AU - Heinlein, D AU - Luse, J D AU - Bettum, R AU - American Export Lines, Incorporated AU - Automated Marine International AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT SHIP DIGITAL CONNING DISPLAY AND DATA LOGGING SYSTEM: FINAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION PY - 1977/05 SP - Various p. AB - This is a summary of the development and evaluation of an integrated digital display system and data logger that exhibit many of the parameters of which the conning officer must be aware in order to control a merchant ship. These parameters are: rudder angle, rudder order, engine rpm, heading, speed, bow thruster power and water depth. Evaluation of the digital display/logging system was carried out on board the CV EXPORT FREEDOM. According to the authors, it was found that the system is useful and has the potential for reducing the incidence of collisions and groundings. KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Conning KW - Control centers KW - Export freedom (Vessel) KW - Information display systems KW - Information processing KW - Integrated shipboard systems KW - Performance evaluations KW - Shipboard computers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308463 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Maritime Administration TI - ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE AND SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRIES: AN INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS PY - 1977/05 SP - 272 p. AB - The report focuses on economics, using the input-output model which has become one of the most powerful tools of economics. The report demonstrates that the U.S. merchant marine and shipbuilding industries are vital economic assets to this nation's productive output. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Mathematical models KW - Productivity KW - Ship models KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Shipping industries UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166715 AU - Smith, E R AU - NUS Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - UTILIZATION OF URANIUM COST/BENEFIT STUDY FOR NUCLEAR POWERED MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1977/05 SP - 64 p. AB - This study presents a cost/benefit analysis for the utilization of uranium in merchant ships versus the use of uranium for the generation of electricity in central power stations. The study concludes that an alternative naval fuel to oil must be developed for the merchant marine to reduce U.S. dependency upon foreign supplies of a critical fuel. The study further indicates that use of uranium for ship propulsion results in transport of large quantities of needed import/exports while the residual oil saved will generate the same quantity of electricity in a central power station as the uranium used for ship propulsion. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Natural resources KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Oxide nuclear fuels KW - Oxides KW - Propulsion KW - Supertankers KW - Uranium KW - Uranium oxides KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172574 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH PROGRAM; CATALOG OF EXISTING SMALL TOOLS FOR SURFACE PREPARATION AND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT FOR BLASTERS AND PAINTERS PY - 1977/05 SP - 72 p. AB - The objective of this project has been to provide supervisors of shipyard surface preparation and coating operators with a catalog of the small tools and support equipment used by blasters and painters. The prime criteria for format development being easy reference and understanding of the data presented. The catalog contains equipment description, pictures, suppliers, recommended applications, description of surface obtained and equipment limitations. Additionally, the principles of efficient application of the equipment was stressed. Emphasis was placed on the evaluation of equipment and methods of surface preparation that may be used for shipyard repair of painted surfaces. The evaluation of equipment surveyed was made on the basis of meeting safety standards, effectiveness, and comfort of the workman. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Coatings KW - Equipment tests KW - Evaluation KW - Osha standards KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Shipyard safety KW - Shipyard tools KW - Shipyards KW - Standards KW - Surface preparation KW - Tools KW - U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166379 AU - Abolfathi, F AU - Keynon, G AU - Hazlewood, L AU - Harvey, W AU - Hleihel, S AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FORECASTING MARINE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTS TO MIDDLE EASTERN OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES: 1976-1985. VOLUME 2. RESEARCH FINDINGS PY - 1977/05 SP - 114 p. AB - The transport systems, particularly ports and related infrastructure, of each OPEC country are described in detail. Planned and probable expansions are compared to the handling requirements given by the trade forecasts. Direct maritime routes and mixed-mode routes using transit ports and overland connections are employed to assess probable future congestion conditions. The report includes a comparison of freight rates from U.S. and North European ports. Prospects for the Suez Canal are also examined. Volume II presents the basic research findings for each OPEC country and for the countries as a group, with emphasis on trade with the United States. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Exports KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Market assessment KW - Middle East KW - Persian Gulf KW - Ports KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Requirement KW - Routes KW - Shipping KW - Specifications KW - Suez Canal KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166378 AU - Abolfathi, F AU - Keynon, G AU - Hazlewood, L AU - Harvey, W AU - Hleihel, S AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FORECASTING MARINE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTS TO MIDDLE EASTERN OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES: 1976-1985. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/05 SP - 22 p. AB - The study presents tonnage forecasts of trade between the United States and Middle East OPEC members for 1980 and 1985. OPEC imports are divided into 18 commodity groups and nonpetroleum exports into five groups. Each OPEC member's total trade is considered first and market shares are used to identify U.S. participation. The transport systems, particularly ports and related infrastructure, of each OPEC country are described. Planned and probable expansions are compared to the handling requirements given by the trade forecasts. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Exports KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Market assessment KW - Middle East KW - Persian Gulf KW - Ports KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Requirement KW - Routes KW - Shipping KW - Specifications KW - Suez Canal KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166380 AU - Abolfathi, F AU - Keynon, G AU - Hazlewood, L AU - Harvey, W AU - Hleihel, S AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FORECASTING MARINE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPORTS TO MIDDLE EASTERN OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES: 1976-1985. VOLUME 3. APPENDICES PY - 1977/05 SP - 487 p. AB - The transport systems, particularly ports and related infrastructure, of each OPEC country are described in detail. Planned and probable expansions are compared to the handling requirements given by the trade forecasts. Direct maritime routes and mixed-mode routes using transit ports and overland connections are employed to assess rates from U.S. and North European ports. Prospects for the Suez Canal are also examined. Volume III contains all supporting information for the study. It is the most detailed and the longest volume in the set. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Exports KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Market assessment KW - Middle East KW - Persian Gulf KW - Ports KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Requirement KW - Routes KW - Shipping KW - Specifications KW - Suez Canal KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656082 AU - Bath Iron Works Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - ADVANCED PIPE TECHNOLOGY STUDY: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/04 SP - 20 p. AB - The purpose of the Advanced Pipe Technology project was to document domestic and foreign methods in marine piping technology and to identify and evaluate particularly cost-effecitve methods within that technology. The project was essentially a study of the mechanics of using raw materials, equipment, and human resources to produce finished ship piping systems. Findings are presented relative to piping design and engineering; piping fabrication; and piping assembly and installation. KW - Assemblies (Equipment) KW - Assembling KW - Building KW - Design KW - Engineering KW - Fabrication KW - Facilities KW - Installation KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Pipe KW - Pipe fabrication KW - Piping systems KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168787 AU - McHenry, H AU - Reed, R P AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Maritime Administration TI - FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF THE HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN 5% NI STEEL WELDMENTS PY - 1977/04 SP - 9 p. AB - The fracture properties of the base metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ) of 5% Ni steel weldments were determined at room temperature, 111k and 76K; emphasis was placed on tests at 111K, the minimum boiling point of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The 32 mm-thick test plates, which met the requirements of ASTM A645, were welded using the pulsed-power gas-metal-arc process at a heat input of 10.6 kJ/cm. The fatigue crack growth rates were determined for cracks growing through the thickness using four-point bend specimens. At 111K, the rates in the base metal were essentially the same as found by other investigators, however, the rates in the HAZ were up to 10 times faster than previously reported. Fracture toughness tests were conducted under load-controlled conditions using J-integral procedures. At 111K, the base metal and HAZ toughness values were 30 and 50 percent lower, respectively, than toughness values obtained previously for the same plate of test material under displacement-controlled conditions. Fracture mechanics analyses using the results reported herein indicate that 5% Ni steel is suitable for LNG applications, but more conservative estimates of fatigue life and critical crack size are necessary. KW - Alloy steel KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Cryogenics KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Fracture properties KW - Heat affected zone (Metals) KW - Low temperature KW - Nickel alloys KW - Nickel steels KW - Research KW - Steel KW - Toughness KW - Weld tests KW - Weldments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175152 AU - Roseman, D P AU - Tomassoni, C AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Bulk Cement Systems, Incorporated TI - A PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDY OF STEAM COAL SLURRY MARINE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS PY - 1977/04 SP - 150 p. AB - The anticipated increase in the export of steam coal from the United States provides an opportunity for establishing advanced handling and transport systems to serve the new markets. This study investigated the feasibility of using a coal-water slurry system to move the commodities in question. A specific export opportunity, from the U.S. to a new Mediterranean power plant, was investigated in detail. The study found that the use of slurry technology was technically feasible and offered the advantage of rapid loading and discharge rates, the ability to operate at offshore terminals and the elimination of air pollution during loading and unloading operations. The major disadvantages were found to be the requirements for large quantities of fresh water and the inherent problems of dewatering for both the ship loading and the power plant receiving portions of the system. The use of converted ships for the slurry trade were also studied. Converting a 225,000 DWT VLCC and an 80,000 DWT OBO were both found to be feasible, and the freight rates were found to be competitive. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo ships KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Offshore terminals slurries KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Rates KW - Shipping KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - Slurry pipelines KW - Slurry transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167778 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARAD 76 PY - 1977/04 SP - 121 p. AB - This annual report of the Maritime Administration covers fiscal year 1976 and the transition quarter. The report describes in detail the Agency's efforts in (1) shipbuilding, (2) ship operation, (3) domestic operations, (4) market development, (5) port and intermodal development, (6) research and development, (7) the marine environment and energy conservation, (8) maritime manpower, (9) national security, (10) international activities and (11) administration. KW - Cooperation KW - Development KW - Domestic shipping policies KW - Domestic transportation KW - Energy conservation KW - Environment KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Labor market KW - Marine environment KW - Maritime research KW - Market development KW - Oceans KW - Policy KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Ship operations KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181765 AU - Kotras, T V AU - Kosterich, P P AU - Voelker, R P AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ICE IMPACT FORCES ON THE BOW OF A GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIER PY - 1977/03/22 SP - 100 p. AB - Ice impact forces on the bow and shoulder of a Great Lakes bulk carrier were measured during the 1976 extended shipping season. These measured values were analyzed with ice impact forces obtained from previous tests aboard bulk carrier LEON FRASER and icebreaker USCGC MACHINAW to give a predictor equation which describes ice impact forces as a function of ice thickness, ship speed and hull shape. KW - Bow forces KW - Bows KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Force KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull forces KW - Hull impact KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice breakup KW - Ice forces on structures KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice phenomena KW - Ice thickness KW - Icebreakers KW - Impact KW - Impact strength KW - Inland waterways KW - Maneuvering KW - Set forward force KW - Ship hulls KW - Shock resistance KW - Thickness KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657250 AU - Motzer, J W AU - Pitts, C N AU - Kulina, M AU - Curtiss-Wright Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE ADVANCED PLANETARY TRANSMISSION PROGRAM DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND TEST OF SYSTEM "A" AND "F", FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/03/07 SP - Various p. AB - This report covers engineering design, procurement and testing of large marine planetary transmissions at the Curtiss-Wright Wood- Ridge Facility. This contract resulted from earlier studies conducted by Curtiss-Wright which indicated that such designs could result in significant savings in the area of manufacture, installation, maintenance and operations when embodying the principles of modular construction and hardened and ground gearing. The units selected for development represent the final reduction stages for a total ship system and include the propeller thrust bearings as an integral part of the output shafts. The two units, System "A" of 40,000 SHP @ 105 RPM single shaft output and System "F" of 60,000 SHP @ 105 RPM contrarotating shafts output, were successfully tested for 450 hours up to 44,000 SHP, and proved satisfactory for ship installation. KW - Gears KW - Planetary gear trains KW - Tests KW - Thrust bearings KW - Transmissions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649974 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/03/04 SP - 6 p. AB - This document presents a set of summaries of a series of Ship Accident Studies performed by George C. Sharp, Inc. A summary of principal findings is given for each study in the series: Fires, Explosions; Groundings; Collision Effects; Collision and Grounding Characteristics; Fire/Explosion Probability Study; Grounding Probability Study; Study of Collision Effects; and, Study of Collision and Grounding Characteristics. KW - Marine safety KW - Summaries KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656944 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM--AN ASSESSMENT, 1970-1976 PY - 1977/03 AB - The Merchant Marine Act of 1970 directed a ten-year effort to revitalize the commercial maritime transportation industry. A significant feature of the Act was a commitment to increase the research and development effort. This R&D program was carried out by the Office of Commercial Development of the U.S. Maritime Administration in concert with a matching effort by the maritime industry. This study assesses the R&D program at about the halfway point in the ten-year program, but does not discuss plans for the remaining half. Volume 1 presents an executive summary. Volume 2 contains a statement of the objectives, a description of the approach used, representative data, the most significant of the results derived, the overall study conclusions, and a discussion of the major implications of the study. For those interested in the major study results, this Volume 2 is largely self-contained. Volume 3 (not available) presents details of the study rationale and methodology, the basic data developed, the individual analysis, and the judgmental considerations. Volume 4 (not available) is a catalog of all the R&D projects carried out in the program. KW - Evaluation KW - Maritime research KW - Programs KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155129 AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES-OVERSEAS MARINE TRANSPORTATION MARKET ASSESSMENT. A BUSINESS PROPOSAL FOR U.S. FLAG OPERATIONS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/02 SP - 16 p. AB - The study establishes the essential criteria for a successful U.S. flag operations to and from the nation's fourth seacoast. By employing market surveys, modal split analyses and required freight rate models, the study evaluates 42 variations of alternative marine transportation systems as potential competitors in a Great Lakes-Overseas system. The study recommends two specific systems and develops the required management financial and marketing plans. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Freight traffic KW - Great Lakes KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Services KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Water transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656926 AU - Cojeen, H P AU - Van Dyke, P AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATED SEQUENCING OF CONTAINERS FOR CONTAINERSHIP LOADING AND UNLOADING PY - 1977/02 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes a system of computer programs designed to aid cargo loading supervisors and terminal personnel in performing prestow planning and in the subsequent generation of sequential loading and unloading instructions for a full containership, or, using similar technology, for LASH vessels. KW - Automatic control KW - Cargo lashings KW - Computer programs KW - Container stowage KW - Container terminals KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Information processing KW - Lash ships KW - Lashing KW - Loading and unloading KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172375 AU - Cojeen, H P AU - Van Dyke, P AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - AUTOMATED SEQUENCING OF CONTAINERS FOR CONTAINERSHIP LOADING AND UNLOADING: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1977/02 SP - 49 p. AB - This report describes a system of computer programs which has been designed to aid cargo loading supervisors and terminal personnel in performing prestow planning and subsequent generation of sequential loading and unloading instruction for a full containership, or using similar technology, for LASH vessels. KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Cargo stowage) KW - Container stowage KW - Container terminals KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Information processing KW - Lash KW - Lashing KW - Loading and unloading KW - Stowage KW - Stowage plans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169605 AU - Coffey, R S AU - Goodwin, E F AU - Lewe, C K AU - Maltese, J G AU - Pyatt, D W AU - NUS Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF ACCIDENT EVENT TREES AND EVALUATION OF SAFETY SYSTEM FAILURE MODES FOR THE NUCLEAR ULTRA LARGE CRUDE CARRIER (ULCC) PY - 1977/02 SP - 167 p. AB - Various ship accidents which have the potential of causing damage to the nuclear power systems of the nuclear powered Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) are identified. For each ship accident, an event tree is developed which shows the possible causal relationship between ship accident and derangement of nuclear safety-related systems. System state diagrams are developed which define the degree of availability of each safety-related system. As an example of the use of the methodology, availability state tables are derived for each safety-related system for all potential results of a collision accident. Further, an analytic set of probability equations are derived relating the probability of loss-of-function, either partial or complete, of the low pressure safety injection system to the various consequences of a collision. KW - Crashes KW - Explosions KW - Failure KW - Failure mode KW - Fires KW - Marine safety KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Ship fires KW - Ships KW - Supertankers KW - Tanker explosions KW - Tanker safety KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Trees (Mathematics) KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00163059 AU - Gribbin, J Q AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF CYCLICAL AND OTHER FLUCTUATIONS IN COMMERCIAL SHIPBUILDING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1977/02 SP - 211 p. AB - Investment in the United States for new merchant vessels has been extremely volatile. The description and analysis of the nature of these cyclical and other oscillations as reflected in the order book for U.S. merchant ship construction is embodied in this study's four-fold purpose: it postulates a model of the shipbuilding cycle in the United States based upon research relating to aggregate economic activity, investment theory, and the environment surrounding the shipping and shipbuilding industry since 1950; it isolates and describes the main determinants of cyclical and other oscillations in commercial ship construction; it points out major differences which appear to exist between the cycle of shipbuilding activity and cycles of aggregate economic activity; and finally, it discusses the implications of the results for policies aimed at controlling, or at least modifying, the shipbuilding cycle. A total of seven variables is found to explain ninety-six percent of all cyclical and other fluctuations. The efffects of the Merchant Marine Act of 1970, the introduction of technological advances, the role of government and the devaluation of the dollar are also discussed. Finally, the possibility is considered that government subsidies to the industry, due to their structure, are actually procyclical. Several recommendations are provided to alter the aggravating influences which the government may inflict upon the cyclical and other fluctuations in commercial shipbuilding. KW - Economic analysis KW - Shipbuilding KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/54406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159255 AU - Combustion Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY. PHASE II. VOLUME V. THERMOCOUPLE MODERNIZATION PY - 1977/02 SP - 61 p. AB - This report outlines the current Combustion Engineering, Inc. experience and practice in the development and application of thermocouples to modern boiler technology. A series of thermocouple application designs is described. Typical installation drawings are presented, and remarks concerning the state of the art of thermocouple technology are included. KW - Accuracy KW - Boilers KW - Calibration KW - Contaminants KW - Contamination KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Superheaters KW - Temperature measurement KW - Temperature measuring instruments KW - Thermocouples UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155131 AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES-OVERSEAS MARINE TRANSPORTATION MARKET ASSESSMENT. A BUSINESS PROPOSAL FOR U.S. FLAG OPERATIONS. SUPPLEMENT TO VOLUME I PY - 1977/02 SP - 84 p. AB - Contents: Vessel operation; Cargo service patterns; Ports; Hinterland transportation; Great Lakes/overseas transportation networks; U.S. rail/water gulf; Failure to penetrate market; Market analysis; Alternative systems considered; The selected system--Description. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Freight traffic KW - Great Lakes KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Services KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Water transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155130 AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES-OVERSEAS MARINE TRANSPORTATION MARKET ASSESSMENT. A BUSINESS PROPOSAL FOR U.S. FLAG OPERATIONS. VOLUME I PY - 1977/02 SP - 200 p. AB - The Great Lakes-Overseas Marine Transportation Market Assessment is a comprehensive study of commercial marine operations in foreign trade between Great Lakes and overseas ports. In Volume 1, the study screens forty-one alternative liner cargo shipping systems and selects one, an all-container service, as having the highest potential for success. This system is fully developed in a business proposal with management, financial, and marketing plans. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo ships KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Freight traffic KW - Great Lakes KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Services KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Water transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155132 AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES-OVERSEAS MARINE TRANSPORTATION MARKET ASSESSMENT. A BUSINESS PROPOSAL FOR U.S. FLAG OPERATIONS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1977/02 SP - 326 p. AB - Contents: Port profiles; Railroad candidates for cooperative rates and services via Great Lakes ports; Questions and answers concerning availability of construction and operating differential subsidy for U.S. flag Great Lakes/overseas operators; Personal interview survey of Great Lakes hinterland shippers; Confidential questionnaire survey of major shippers/importers in the Great Lakes hinterland; 1973 origin/destination data for high penetration states to U.K.-Western Europe; Advisory panel; Physical characteristics and required freight rate analysis; Total transportation cost methodology; Maritime marketing strategy model; Assumptions and calculations concerning required market penetration. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Great Lakes KW - International trade KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Services KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Water transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159254 AU - Combustion Engineering, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED MARINE BOILER RELIABILITY. PHASE II. VOLUME IV. STACK GAS ANALYSIS PY - 1977/02 SP - 48 p. AB - This report presents the results of shipboard testing of a modern marine boiler for stack gas constituents related to corrosion and air quality. Special instrumentation and gas sampling equipment was used to obtain stack gas concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen oxides. Tests were performed at six boiler load ratings ranging from 11% to 110% over a wide range of excess air levels. Results obtained serve to characterize the conversion of SO2 to SO3 for the test boiler and permit the calculation of sulfuric acid dew point, demonstrating the dependence of dew point temperature on excess air level and boiler load. Nitrogen oxides were recorded over the complete test range (including an in-port condition) to establish a relationship between stack emissions, boiler load, and excess air for the boiler under test. KW - Air pollution KW - Boilers KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Combustion KW - Combustion control KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Corrosion KW - Dew point KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine propulsion KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Oil burners KW - Oxygen KW - Reliability KW - Sampling KW - Stack gas emissions KW - Stack gases KW - Sulfur dioxide KW - Sulfur trioxide KW - Sulfuric acid KW - Superheaters KW - Tables (Data) KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658074 AU - Lorain Electronics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM OF THE GREAT LAKES LAKES-WIDE ALL-VHF AUTOMATED RADIOTELEPHONE SYSTEM: REPORTS CONCERNING SUPPLEMENTARY PROJECTS TASKS 1-A, 1-B, 1-C AND 1-D PY - 1977/01/28 SP - Various p. AB - This document contains reports on four research tasks that were undertaken in connection with the Great Lakes Automated Lakes-Wide VHF Radiotelephone System: Task 1A involved a study of the effects of ducting phenomena with relation to the VHF system; Task 1B dealt with station provisions to minimize ducting effects; Task 1C concerned the trunking (multiple paths) characteristics of the system; and Task 1D focused on improvements in speed and access to stations during periodic report polling. KW - Communications KW - Great Lakes KW - Radio KW - Radio telephone KW - Ship to shore KW - Very high frequency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649976 AU - Zahn, A S AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: STUDY OF COLLISION CHARACTERISTICS, TASK 1 PY - 1977/01/28 SP - 36 p. AB - Data on the details of 134 collisions were collected from the files of IMCO (Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization) and USCG (United States Coast Guard) from 1944 to 1975. Cases are identified by number or name, flag, type, tonnage and characteristics. Information lists repair costs, location of casualty, weather, cause of collision; ships' speeds and angle of impact with diagram; damage location, description, length, height, and depth. KW - Characteristics KW - Statistics KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649977 AU - Zahn, A S AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: GROUNDING CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS, TASK 5 PY - 1977/01/28 SP - 15 p. AB - Data on the details of 52 groundings were collected from the files of IMCO (Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization) and USCG (United States Coast Guard) from 1944 to 1975. Cases are identified by number or name, flag, type, tonnage and characteristics. Information lists repair costs, location of casualty, weather, cause of grounding, speed of impact, information on double bottom condition; damage location, description, length, width and depth; also type of sea bottom. KW - Characteristics KW - Effects KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Impacts KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168274 AU - Zahn, A S AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GROUNDING CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS PY - 1977/01/28 SP - 23 p. AB - Data on the details of 52 groundings were collected from the files of IMCO and USCG from 1944 to 1975. Cases are identified by number or name, flag, type, tonnage and characteristics. Information lists repair costs, location of casualty, weather, cause of grounding, speed of impact, information on double bottom condition; damage location, description, length, width and depth; also type of sea bottom. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Fatalities KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Prevention KW - Repairing KW - Safety KW - Ship casualties KW - Ship repair KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155087 AU - Zahn, A S AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF COLLISION CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1977/01/28 SP - 42 p. AB - Data on the details of 134 collisions were collected from the files of IMCO and USCG from 1944 to 1975. Cases are identified by number or name, flag, type, tonnage and characteristics. Information lists repair costs, location of casualty, weather, cause of collision, ships speeds and angle of impact with diagram, damage location, description, length, height, and depth. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Collision statistics KW - Cost estimating KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Estimates KW - Fatalities KW - Loss and damage KW - Maintenance KW - Research KW - Ship casualties KW - Ships KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649979 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: STUDY OF COLLISION EFFECTS, TASK 2 PY - 1977/01/14 SP - 25 p. AB - Statistics for casualties to ships over 2000 gross tons are given for 1975 and added, in the case of collisions, to previous statistics for the years 1964-1974, so as to give collision-derived casualties. These are differentiated for tanker and non-tanker types, and depending on whether the ship was the struck or striking vessel. The main findings are that about one-fifth of struck non- tankers sink as the result of a collision, and about one-third of struck tankers catch fire or explode. KW - Collision effects KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155089 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF COLLISION EFFECTS PY - 1977/01/14 SP - 32 p. AB - Statistics for casualties to ships over 2000 gross tons are given for 1975 and added, in the case of collisions, to previous statistics for the years 1964-1974, so as to give collision-derived casualties. These are differentiated for tanker and non-tanker types, and depending on whether the ship was the struck or striking vessel. The main findings are that about one-fifth of struck non-tankers sink as the result of a collision, and about one-third of struck tankers catch fire or explode. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Collision statistics KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Fires KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Ship casualties KW - Ships KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649975 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: GROUNDING PROBABILITY STUDIES, TASK 4 PY - 1977/01/07 SP - 71 p. AB - Grounding statistics for vessels over 6000 G.T. were compiled for the 6 years 1970-1975. Results were analyzed for tankers and non- tankers, each in four gross tonnage groups as to location, cause, and result. Groundings were studied in detail on proposed nuclear vessel routes with an approximate calculation of casualty probability based on route casualties and ship traffic flow. Recommendations are given to help reduce the frequency of groundings for the nuclear vessels. KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Probability KW - Recommendations KW - Routes KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154585 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - GROUNDING PROBABILITY STUDIES PY - 1977/01/07 SP - 78 p. AB - Grounding statistics for vessels over 6000 G.T. were compiled for the 6 years 1970-1975. Results were analyzed for tankers and non-tankers, each in four gross tonnage groups as to location, cause, and result. Groundings were studied in detail on proposed nuclear vessel routes with an approximate calculation of casualty probability based on route casualties and ship traffic flow. Recommendations are given to help reduce the frequency of groundings for the nuclear vessels. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Crash injury research KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Depth finding KW - Fatalities KW - Freight transportation KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Prevention KW - Research KW - Routes KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Sea lanes KW - Ship casualties KW - Statistics KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Traffic safety KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147680 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Army Corps of Engineers AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION TRENDS AND CHOICES TO THE YEAR 2000 PY - 1977/01 SP - 412 p. AB - A projection of the form and direction that the U.S. transportation system will take over the next 25 years has been made as a foundation for the development of a national transportation policy, but the report is not itself written as a plan of action. Detailed are the choices faced by Americans in dealing with their dominant taxpayer-financed highway system. Transport modes are working at cross purposes, in terms of a healthy economy and of survival of the cities. Airlines and railroads face money shortages needed to maintain existing facilities and to expand. No decline is seen in demands for transport services for the remainder of the century and this will impose additional costs on society. Petroleum products account for more than 95 per cent of energy used to operate transportation and transportation accounts for more than half the annual petroleum consumption. Planning efforts may have to be redirected because of petroleum shortages, even with development of more costly substitute liquid fuels. Among the questions raised: How should a democratic society allocate current resources between today's needs and long-term problems? When should the public intervene in free-enterprise marketplace decisions? How can government best institute orderly procedures to make necessary changes in public policy, given the near-term impact on persons and institutions? KW - Air transportation KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Government intervention KW - Government planning KW - Government policies KW - Governments KW - Highway transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Motor carriers KW - National transportation policies KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Policy making KW - Public policy KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regulation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technology transfer KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Transportation KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7600/7617/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658742 AU - Andrews, B V AU - Maritime Administration AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated TI - FEASIBILITY OF UNITED STATES FLAG HEAVY LIFT SHIPPING PY - 1977/01 AB - This study investigated the market demand for heavy lift services and explored the feasibility of various alternatives to provide these services. Heavy lift is defined as ship cargo units in excess of 100 tons in weight, 80 ft. in length, or 15 ft. in width. Voyages of ten vessels carrying typical heavy lift shipments were simulated to evaluate the performance of alternate systems. In addition, regulatory and subsidy constraints that might be expected to affect heavy lift services were identified. Converted U.S. liners appeared to be most profitable, if not diverted too far, for providing the desired service, except for the largest units. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo preference KW - Economic analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Heavy lift vessels KW - Marketing KW - Ship conversion KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179399 AU - Bertsche, W R AU - Pesche, A J AU - Eclectech Associates, Incorporated TI - AN AUTOMATED STANDARDIZED BRIDGE DESIGN FOR THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE--VOLUME I--EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/01 SP - 29 p. AB - The report is an executive summary of Phase I of a MarAd sponsored study devoted to the development of a Standardized Bridge. An initial objective was to establish the relative advantages of bridges equipped with automated collision avoidance displays (CAS) over traditionally equipped bridges in order to determine the worth of their incorporation in a standardized design. At-sea data were collected on a balanced sample of ships equipped with CAS and those traditionally equipped. Results showed a doubling of: safe passing distances (1 NM versus 1/2 NM); threat detection ranges (7 NM versus 4 NM); and range at maneuver (4 1/2 NM versus 2 NM); all in favor of the CAS systems. Decreased workloads were also found, allowing more time for decision making. Design data were developed for a Standardized Bridge based on additional at-sea data. These data suggest a central console design for a single seated or standing deck officer with options for dual officer manning. Required advanced development of navigation displays was documented for inclusion in the standardized design. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic bridge systems KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Automation KW - Bridge automation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridges KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Communication systems KW - Computer aided navigation KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Data collection KW - Ergonomics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Information display systems KW - Navigation computers KW - Ship pilotage KW - Standardization KW - Standardized bridge systems KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175096 AU - Andrews, B V AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UNITED STATES FLAG HEAVY LIFT SHIPPING. VOLUME III. APPENDICES PY - 1977/01 SP - 146 p. AB - These appendices examine specific aspects of the shipment of heavy lift units, defined as exceeding 100 tons, or 80' length, or 15' width. Heavy lift units, traffic, and data sources were described, as were industrial projects generating heavy lift movements. Cargo preference activities of many countries were listed. The regulations of the ICC affecting vessel operators were examined and the availability from MarAd of government aids for U.S. vessels. Seven alternative types of heavy lift ships were described, and the manning of all small ships. Port cranes throughout the world were inventoried. Voyage itineraries and port calls of 17 existing heavy lift ships were analyzed. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo preference KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Costs KW - Cranes KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Heavy lift vessels) KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Heavy lift vessels KW - International KW - International logistics KW - Logistics KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Shipboard handling equipment KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175095 AU - Andrews, B V AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UNITED STATES FLAG HEAVY LIFT SHIPPING. VOLUME II. REPORT PY - 1977/01 SP - 252 p. AB - Heavy lift is defined as ship cargo units exceeding 100 tons or 80 feet length, or 15 feet width. This study identifies and describes the heavy lift units and market demands for heavy lift services, and estimated the 1978 international traffic available to U.S. flag vessels after including small ships for lift, roll, and float cargo handling, general cargo liners converted with midbodies and derricks, and tugs with barges for roll handling, were prepared, and building and voyage costs estimated. The numbers and charges of foreign ship competitors, and the availability and capacity of railcars and barges were assessed. Methods were developed for estimating heavy lift transport charges by highway, railway, barge and ocean carrier; and for cargo handling, both in America and abroad. Voyages of ten vessels were simulated carrying typical shipments, to evaluate performance of each system. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Heavy lift vessels) KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Heavy lift vessels KW - International KW - International logistics KW - Logistics KW - Market studies KW - Market surveys KW - Ship conversion KW - Shipboard handling equipment KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158247 AU - Andrews, B V AU - Lykes Brothers Steamship Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UNITED STATES FLAG HEAVY LIFT SHIPPING. VOLUME 1. SUMMARY PY - 1977/01 SP - 29 p. AB - This report briefly summarizes the technical report and appendices. The study described the demand for shipping of heavy lift units, defined as over 100 tons, or 80 ft length, or 15 ft width. Small ships for lift, float and roll cargo handling, conversions of general cargo liners by adding lift derricks and midbodies and tugs pulling barges for roll on-off were designed and costs estimated. Regulatory and subsidy constraints expected were defined. Voyages of ten vessels carrying typical shipments were simulated to evaluate performance of alternative systems. Converted U.S. liners appeared to be most profitable, if not diverted far, providing the desired service except for the largest units. Other craft are also evaluated. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Heavy lift vessels) KW - Heavy lift vessels KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168788 AU - Giarratano, P J AU - Collier, R S AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION OF CAPACITANCE DENSITOMETRY FOR LNG MIXTURES WITH LOW NITROGEN COMPOSITION PY - 1977 SP - 7 p. AB - Densities of typical LNG mixtures under saturation and subcooled conditions were calculated using a computer program which uses the method of corresponding states. The dielectric constant for each mixture was determined from the Clausius-Mosotti relationship assuming the excess CM function is zero. Examination of the resulting density-dielectric constant plots shows that for fixed nitrogen composition a nearly linear relationship exists between saturation density and dielectric constant under isobaric or isothermal conditions, independent of the hydrocarbon mixture. The results show, however, that the effect of the nitrogen composition on this linear relationship may be taken into account partially by a measurement of the mixture temperature. For the range of mixtures of this study it is possible to determine density to + or - 0.3% independent of knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition from an exact measurement of dielectric constant and temperature. Further improvements can be made if the fraction of nitrogen is known. KW - Charged particles KW - Chemical composition KW - Density KW - Density mass/volume KW - Dielectric properties KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Ignition systems KW - Ions KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng ignition KW - Lng properties data KW - Mixtures KW - Natural gas KW - Nitrogen KW - Numerical analysis KW - Solutions KW - Solutions (Chemistry) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172379 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONFERENCES ON U.S. PORT INDUSTRY DATA REQUIREMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1977 SP - 33 p. AB - This final report is the result of the Conferences on U.S. Port Industry Data Requirements held in Chicago, Illinois, from September 21-22, 1976, and in Washington, D.C., from May 11-12, 1977. Sponsored by the Maritime Administration (MarAd), with participation from the Bureau of the Census and U.S. Corps of Engineers, the conferences were significant in that they brought together a broad segment of the U.S. inland and ocean port industry to address as a group statistical problems that previously had been pursued fragmentarily as highlighted in a recent major study on Port Development in the United States, conducted by the National Academy of Sciences' Maritime Transportation Research Board (MTRB). Additionally, it was the responsibility of the industry representatives--not the Federal participants--to develop a cohesive course of action for meeting their specific data needs. This report is essentially a summary of the proposed industry plans discussed and developed at the two conferences. KW - Conference operations KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Information systems KW - Marketing KW - Port operations KW - Port statistics KW - Ports KW - Shipping conferences KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68122 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00156813 JO - Maritime Policy & Management PB - Taylor & Francis AU - King, T A AU - Taylor & Francis TI - THE VALUE OF SHIPPING TO THE U.S. ECONOMY PY - 1977 VL - 4 SP - p. 163-166 AB - The value of shipping to the economy of the United States must be considered within the context of the nation's role as both a world power and most importantly for purposes of this discussion, a predominant trading nation. This article does not intend to address the case for shipping as an element of national security because it is both obvious and beyond the terms of reference given the author. It will, however, endeavour to set forth the basic reasons why the economic well being of the United States necessitates uninterrupted access to ocean transport services and why substantial American-flag participation is required. KW - Economic analysis KW - Merchant marine KW - Merchant vessels KW - Policy KW - Seapower KW - Shipping KW - Shipping policies KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Valuation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/53170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151323 AU - Yuengling, D AU - Baki, A AU - RICHARD, J AU - Rosenblatt (M) and Son, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR SHIPS PY - 1976/12/16 SP - 183 p. AB - The volume reports the results of a feasibility investigation of various heat recovery concepts which may be incorporated in an existing marine steam plant. The use of different refrigerant fluids, as well as different types of energy recovery units, is examined; and a plan developed for prototype development, installation and test. KW - Analysis KW - Boilers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric power plants KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel conservation KW - Heat recovery KW - Marine engineering KW - Refrigerants KW - Ship turbines KW - Ships KW - Steam turbine performance KW - Steam turbines KW - Technology assessment KW - Thermodynamics KW - Turbines KW - Waste heat boilers KW - Waste heat utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181764 AU - Voelker, R P AU - Kim, J K AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUMMARY RESULTS OF ICE RESISTANCE TESTS FOR GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS FROM THE WARTSILA MODEL TEST SERIES PY - 1976/12/03 SP - 372 p. AB - This report summarizes the results from the Wartsila parametric model test series in which the ice resistance of variations in the ice-breaking bows of Great Lakes bulk carriers was determined in both level and broken ice. Part I of this report summarizes the test results and provides a sample calculation. Part II of this report is a consolidation of the original five Wartsila reports. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Finland KW - Fluid resistance KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice breakup KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice phenomena KW - Ice resistance KW - Icebreakers KW - Inland waterways KW - Maneuvering KW - Model basins KW - Model testing KW - Model tests KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Resistance tests KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship motion KW - Ships KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650437 AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALL POSITION AUTOMATIC WELDING MACHINE PY - 1976/12 SP - 87 p. AB - This document describes the development of a welding machine capable of making continuous fully automatic welds on transverse butt joints economically at any location on the shell of a ship. Specifications for the machine are presented, and performance of two prototypes is evaluated. Orders for the machines were placed by several U.S. shipyards, and they are presently in production. KW - Butt welds KW - Machines KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Prototypes KW - Specifications KW - Welding KW - Welding machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172377 AU - Kolb, W AU - ARINC Research Corporation TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTERNATIONAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR THE U.S. MERCHANT SHIPPING INDUSTRY PY - 1976/12 SP - 112 p. AB - This report describes the U.S. flag merchant shipping industry's present data communications costs and requirements. It develops alternative data communication systems concepts to meet these requirements, analyzes domestic and foreign regulatory constraints, selects a preferred system concept, and develops a prototype system implementation plan. KW - Communication systems KW - Data communications KW - Economic analysis KW - Electronic data interchange KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Shipping KW - Shipping industries KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166376 AU - Ernst and Ernst AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPACT OF USER CHARGES APPLIED TO INLAND WATERWAYS PY - 1976/12 SP - 147 p. AB - This study is to provide the Dept. of Commerce with the basis for preparing positions concerning the proposed implementation of user charges upon the inland waterway system of the U.S. A theoretical and empirical economic analysis, this study encompasses four areas: inflation impact, financial impact, tax incidence and income redistribution impact, and competing mode impact. The objective of this study was completed through literature review, commodity flows and theoretical framework, micro- and macro-economic impact considerations, and case study. The primary recommendation resulting from this study is that user charges should not be imposed until the impacts are explored in more detail. KW - Barges KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commodities KW - Economic analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fees KW - Freight transportation KW - Impacts KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Marketing KW - Methodology KW - Needs assessment KW - Policy KW - Reviews KW - Taxes KW - Theory KW - User charges KW - User needs KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation KW - Waterways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159273 AU - Woodson, C W AU - Mechanical Technology, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD HEAT RECOVERY PROGRAM FOR U.S. MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1976/12 SP - 84 p. AB - The feasibility of recovering waste energy aboard U.S. Flag ships has been investigated. Utilizing a combination of heat sources, about 300 kw of power can be recovered from a typical 24000 hp steam ship. Small inland waterways diesel powered ships (approximately 2800 SHP) offer a promising opportunity to recover waste stack heat. Typical hardware layouts are presented based on the use of Freons as the Rankine Cycle power fluid. KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel propulsion KW - Economic efficiency KW - Electric power plants KW - Fluorocarbons KW - Heat recovery KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Power plant efficiency KW - Propulsion KW - Rankine cycle KW - Rankine engines KW - Stack gas emissions KW - Stack gases KW - Steamships KW - Waste heat boilers KW - Waste heat utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148177 AU - McHale, E T AU - Atlantic Research Corporation TI - HYDROGEN SUPPRESSION STUDY AND TESTING OF HALON 1301- PHASES I AND II PY - 1976/12 AB - In the event of a loss-of-coolant-accident in the reactor to be used to power nuclear ships, it can be postulated that sufficiently high concentrations of H2 and O2 might develop that a resulting explosion would produce overpressures that exceed the containment design. If a LOCA occurred and the H2 concentration reached the explosive limit, an inerting gas could be discharged into the containment to suppress any possible explosion. This report describes a study that was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of employing Halon 1301 in an explosion suppression system for a maritime nuclear reactor. One experimental task involved measuring the quantity of agent required to inert H2, O2, N2 mixtures over a range of conditions likely to be encountered in a containment. In another task, a facility was assembled which simulated a containment vessel on subscale. Several tasks were addressed to technical problems that could be envisioned if Halon were present in a containment vessel. The results of the study support the concept of using Halon 1301 for containment protection. KW - Explosion prevention KW - Explosions KW - Halogenated compounds KW - Inert gas systems KW - Noble gases KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00138725 AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBOARD GUIDE TO POLLUTION-FREE OPERATIONS PY - 1976/12 SP - 50 p. AB - This Guide has been conceived and developed with the objective of assisting the practicing seafarer in an area that has become critical. The demand to control pollution of the seas has virtually become universal. The skilled Tankerman, as this Guide documents, is the ultimate antipollution weapon. The Guide is divided into ten Chapters covering: (1) The Marine Environment; (2) The Threat to the Environment; (3) Pollution Regulations; (4) The Ship as a Pollution Fighter; (5) Pollution Free Operation; (6) Pollution Controls and Countermeasures; (7) Crew Training; (8) Shipboard Antipollution Committee; (9) Incentives and Awards; and (10) The Vessel Antipollution Library. KW - Crew training (Deck) KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Pollution control KW - Ship crews KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tankers KW - Training KW - Training courses (Pollution prevention) KW - Training programs KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154576 AU - Electrooptica Juan de la Cierva AU - Maritime Administration AU - Cincotech Corporation TI - INSTALLATION, TEST AND EVALUATION OF THE DESTATOR. A DEVICE TO ENHANCE THE OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE OF BULK PETROLEUM CARRIERS PY - 1976/11/14 SP - 245 p. AB - At-sea test results are presented of a device (Destator) for enhancing the operational safety of bulk petroleum carriers. Described are the test program formulation, the intrinsic safety certification program, the equipment description and the installation. Also presented are the at-sea test descriptions and results in both a clean gas-free as well as dirty-inerted environment. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk oil transport KW - Cleaning KW - Electric discharge KW - Electrostatics KW - Explosion prevention KW - Explosionproofing KW - Explosions KW - Gas freeing KW - Marine safety KW - Oils KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Static dischargers KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning KW - Tanker safety KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Tests KW - Washing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649892 AU - Mallett, D T AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP ACCIDENT STUDIES: FIRE/EXPLOSION PROBABILITY STUDY, TASK 3; DOC--CONTINUATION OF NUCLEAR SHIP COLLISION STUDIES REPORT ON FIRE/EXPLOSION PROBABILITY STUDY, TASK 3 PY - 1976/11/04 SP - 100 p. AB - Statistics for fires and explosions on board ships over 2000 G.T. were compiled for 1970 through 1975 inclusive. Results are given for tankers and non-tankers, loaded or in ballast, in port or at sea. Statistics also list the location and cause of the fire/explosion. A special list was compiled for vessels over 60000 G.T. The probability of fire/explosion is calculated for tankers, container ships and non-tankers. Statistics are given for tankers with an inert gas system approved by Lloyds. Recommendations are given to help reduce the occurrences of fires/explosions. KW - Explosions KW - Inert gas systems KW - Noble gases KW - Probability KW - Recommendations KW - Ship fires KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650668 AU - Mallett, D T AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY OF CARGO SHIPS PY - 1976/11 AB - Information and data for use in selection of values of permeability for machinery spaces of modern steam-propelled cargo ships, and for permeability in cargo spaces of modern container ships and barge carrying ships were developed. The work consisted of permeability calculations and some observations in the field. The results indicate: a permeability of 0.30 for cargo holds of barge carrying ships when completely loaded with barges, with barges remaining watertight; an average permeability of 0.68 for loaded cargo barges; an engine room permeability of 0.88 in the initial stages of flooding, and 0.93 in the final stages of flooding; and, an average permeability of 0.77 for loaded cargo containers. KW - Barge carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Containerships KW - Engine rooms KW - Floods KW - Permeability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172371 AU - Stern, C AU - Data Architects, Incorporated TI - MARITIME DATA CODING SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS: FINAL REPORT PY - 1976/11 SP - 22 p. AB - This report describes improvements and modifications to the Maritime Administration's Maritime Data Coding System, developed and implemented originally in 1974. Numerous on-line edit and numerical checks and aids are described for processing of vessel utilization forms. In addition a capability to process containerized cargo reporting data is described. KW - Bills of lading KW - Cargo preference KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Marine data systems KW - Maritime information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154037 AU - Mallett, D T AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY OF CARGO SHIPS. VOLUME I. TEXT PY - 1976/11 SP - 34 p. AB - Information and data for use in selection of values of permeability for machinery spaces of modern steam-propelled cargo ships, and for permeability in cargo spaces of modern container ships and barge carrying ships were developed. The work consisted of permeability calculations and some observations in the field. KW - Barges KW - Calculation KW - Cargo ships KW - Containers KW - Damage assessment KW - Damage control KW - Flooding calculation KW - Floods KW - Hulls KW - Lighterage KW - Lighters boats KW - Loss and damage KW - Permeability KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154038 AU - Mallett, D T AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY OF CARGO SHIPS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1976/11 SP - 215 p. AB - Contents: Floodable volume calculations for barges; Barge utilization and permeability; Memorandum re--barge loading inspection; Breakdown of weights and volumes of machinery for three sample ships; Summary of engine room components, weight and volume calculations; Memorandum re--cargo permeabilities; East Coast commodity container utilization; Memorandum re--container loading inspection. KW - Barges KW - Calculation KW - Cargo ships KW - Containers KW - Damage assessment KW - Damage control KW - Flooding calculation KW - Floods KW - Hulls KW - Lighterage KW - Lighters boats KW - Loss and damage KW - Permeability KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154392 AU - Seifert, R F AU - Glynn, T J AU - Washington Research Consultants AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT SURVEY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AN EXTENDED WINTER NAVIGATION SEASON UPON FOUR GREAT LAKES INDUSTRY GROUPS PY - 1976/10/22 SP - 125 p. AB - Through questionnaire sampling of Great Lakes vessel, terminal, lock and pilot personnel, attempts to identify significant psychosocial problems and benefits of an extended winter navigation season on these personnel and to recommend measures to minimize the problems and maximize the benefits. KW - Attitudes KW - Cold weather KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Great Lakes KW - Impacts KW - Job analysis KW - Labor market KW - Locks (Waterways) KW - Manpower studies KW - Operations KW - Public opinion KW - Questionnaires KW - Ship pilots KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Social psychology KW - Sociopsychological surveys KW - Surveys KW - Terminal operations KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159532 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE U.S.-FLAG TANKER FLEET AND DOMESTIC CARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS PY - 1976/10/21 SP - 54 p. AB - The shipping capacity needed to fulfill domestic requirements associated with anticipated Alaskan oil production and requirements during an embargo requiring a withdrawal from the National Strategic Petroleum Reserve can be obtained from a variety of sources. Current assessments clearly suggest that the U.S.-flag fleet alone will be more than adequate to meet these needs. But it is useful to know that beyond this capacity there is a large pool of additional tonnage which may be employed if some unforeseen conditions should conspire to impose demands beyond the capacity of the U.S. fleet. KW - Demand KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet statistics KW - Oil tankers KW - Statistics KW - Tanker demand KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657980 AU - RTL, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROGRAM TO DEVELOP A PILOT SEA SHED SYSTEM, PHASE 1 PY - 1976/10 SP - Various p. AB - Sea sheds are a family of larger-than-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) containers designed to provide flexibility in ships' hold configurations, increasing ship capacity utilization and improving revenue generation for the American Merchant Marine. Intermodal transshipment of sea sheds is possible, extending the benefits of unit handling to a broad range of neobulk and outsize cargoes not currently container-eligible. The objectives of Phase 1 were: (1) to define cargo commodities and volumes susceptible to movement by sea sheds and estimates of the volumes of those commodities; (2) to identify the weight/capacity envelopes of sea sheds; (3) to develop preliminary operational requirements for a sea shed system; and (4) to identify major shippers, or shipper groups, and transportation companies who would be interested in participating with the Maritime Administration in development of the concept. KW - Cargo capacity KW - Cargo compartments KW - Cargo movements KW - Cargo stowage KW - Container operations KW - Containers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Operations KW - Requirements KW - Sea shed KW - Ship lines KW - Specifications KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321179 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. FLAG TANKER FLEET & DOMESTIC CARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF FLEET ADEQUACY, (OCT. 1976) PY - 1976/10 AB - Report assessing U.S.-flag tanker fleet ability to meet Alaskan oil trade and national strategic petroleum reserve (spr) carriage requirements, 1978, 1980, and 1982. Uses f.e.a. Oil production and distribution estimates to forecast tanker capacity demand, for Alaskan trade; and for spr buildup and withdrawal under severe and moderate OPEC oil embargo assumptions. Contents: a. Narrative report, with 8 tables. B. Appendices, with methodology, and 7 tables showing characteristics of 5 alternative pipeline routes; and inventory of U.S.-flag tankers, with detailed data on those suitable for transporting Alaskan crude, including owner, operator, tonnage, and current employment. Copyright asi. KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Transportation KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649978 AU - Minorsky, V AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROBABILITY OF COLLISIONS ON SELECTED ROUTES, VOL. 1, TASK 5 PY - 1976/09/30 SP - 35 p. AB - Lifetime collision probability on two nuclear tanker routes and one nuclear container route were calculated based on route collision frequency obtained from the Liverpool Underwriters Casualty Returns for an eleven year period and a route density projection to 1990 performed by Planning Systems Inc. A model was obtained for the probability of collision on a given route for the lifetime of a nuclear vessel. Sensitivity studies were made for variations in nuclear vessel speed, speed of other vessels, and average density of ships in a given grid square of ocean, but not for the number of collisions per unit time in such grid square. KW - Collision risk KW - Mathematical models KW - Probability KW - Routes KW - Traffic density KW - Velocity KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151584 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPORT ON PROBABILITY OF COLLISIONS ON SELECTED ROUTES. VOLUME I PY - 1976/09/30 SP - 48 p. AB - Lifetime collision probability on two nuclear tanker routes and one nuclear container route were calculated based on route collision frequency obtained from the Liverpool Underwriters Casualty Returns for an eleven year period and a route density projection to 1990 performed by Planning Systems Inc. In calculating the probability the methodology developed in Ref. 7 was used to get the number of vessels to be found in a circular area of encounter travelling with the nuclear vessel. A model was obtained for the probability of collision on a given route for the lifetime of a nuclear vessel. Sensitivity studies were made for variations in nuclear vessel speed, speed of other vessels, and average density of ships in a given grid square of ocean, but not for the number of collisions per unit time in such grid square. KW - Collision modeling KW - Collision statistics KW - Computer programming KW - Crashes KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Probability theory KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651097 AU - Mentz, P B AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: PROGRAM ANALYSIS PY - 1976/09 SP - 11 p. AB - The objective of program analysis is to provide a rational and objective means of insuring that financial resources for maritime research and development are applied in the most effective manner so as to improve the competitive position of the U.S. Merchant Fleet. This document contains four attachments that provide guidance in conducting such an analysis. Attachment 1 is an economic impact assessment worksheet to be used in conjunction with the ship cost/revenue standards associated with a computer-based system. Attachment 2 is a worksheet to be utilized for manual calculations of project discounted cash flow patterns and calculations of assessment criteria. Attachment 3 is an example of the format produced by the computer-based system for the entire research and development program on a fiscal year basis, after all individual projects have been entered and assessed. Attachment 4 is a glossary of terms. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic impacts KW - Maritime research KW - Programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00156825 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated TI - STANDARDIZED STERN PROJECT PY - 1976/09 SP - 497 p. AB - The Standardized Stern Project final report describes the development of a series of three standardized stern section designs intended for application over a wide range of merchant vessel types and sizes. The report examines both the technical and economic influences on design, including trade forecasts, demand for new construction, hydrodynamic limitations and propulsion requirements. The design development approach is summarized, and technical and economic feasibility analyses of the resulting designs are provided. The report concludes that the standardized stern concept could be employed to achieve very substantial gains in ship producibility with attendant reductions in unit cost. The concept's near-term marketability is evaluated, and recommendations for gaining industry acceptance are offered. A program for further development of the concept is proposed, including additional detailed design effort and prototype development. The Standardized Stern Project final report is arranged in three Volumes as follows: Volume I: Final Report presents a technical and economic overview of Standardized Stern design concepts. Volume II: Executive Summary provides a brief review of the study's conclusions and recommendations. Volume III: Appendix includes detailed project task reports, engineering drawings, tabulated data and other appended documentation. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic forecasting KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Standards KW - Sterns KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147301 AU - Kearney (A. T.), Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation AU - Army Corps of Engineers TI - U.S. GREAT LAKES-SEAWAY PORT DEVELOPMENT AND SHIPPER CONFERENCE, DEARBORN, MICHIGAN, APRIL 25-29, 1976 PY - 1976/08/31 SP - 179 p. AB - The document reports the results of the U.S. Great Lakes-Seaway Port Development and Shipper Conference held in Dearborn, Mich. in April 1976. The objective of the conference was to unite industry, labor and government efforts in the identification and solution of problems affecting the development of the U.S. Great-Lakes Seaway port industry and the shipper community. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Economic development KW - Financing KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Legislation KW - Maintenance KW - Marketing KW - Meetings KW - Ports KW - Regulations KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658512 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Washington State, Commission for Vocational Education AU - Seattle Fire Department TI - REPORT ON THE MARINE FIRE PROTECTION PROJECT PY - 1976/08/31 SP - 520 p. AB - The Marine Fire Protection Project was carried out as a cooperative project by the Maritime Administration, the State of Washington and the Seattle, Washington, Fire Department. As a result of this pilot project, it was recommended that a national marine fire fighting program be developed to: (1) encourage the development of systematic plans and techniques to be utilized by local fire departments to combat shipboard fires; (2) facilitate at the federal level the exchange of shipboard fighting supplies, crews, information, and training; (3) enable vessels to carry plans describing the location and use of fire fighting equipment aboard the vessels; and (4) provide for the establishment of marine fire fighting units selected from municipal fire departments, and specially trained in shipboard fire fighting techniques, for purposes of training other fire departments and ship crews and providing on-the-scene emergency assistance for fighting shipboard fires. KW - Fire causes KW - Fire extinguishing agents KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire fighting equipment KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Manuals KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Safety KW - Ship fires KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148414 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated TI - U.S. GREAT LAKES-SEAWAY PORT DEVELOPMENT AND SHIPPER CONFERENCE--FINAL REPORT OF WORKING PANELS PY - 1976/08/31 SP - 183 p. AB - This report is the result of the U.S. Great Lakes - Seaway Port Development Conference held in Dearborn, Michigan, from April 25 to 29, 1976. This working conference was sponsored by the Maritime Administration, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Coast Guard. The report is a summary of the proposed plans developed by the four individual working panels at the conference and presented on the final day by the panel chairmen. The four panels were: Operations and Facilities, Marketing and Finance, Legislation and Regulation, and Research and Development. The report also contains a summary of the key objectives of the conference, its organization and timetable, keynote speeches, general tasks and activities, recommendations and program implementation. KW - Financing KW - Great Lakes KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159252 AU - Roos, A AU - Juurmaa, K AU - Syrjala, H AU - Makinen, E AU - Mentz, P B AU - Wartsila Icebreaking Model Basin AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER SERIES ICE RESISTANCE MODEL TEST PROGRAM. METHOD FOR PREDICTING LEVEL ICE RESISTANCE OF SHIPS WITH MAIN DIMENSIONS TYPICAL FOR THE GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS PY - 1976/08/24 SP - 34 p. AB - This report contains a summary and conclusions from the ice breaking model tests of a systematic model series. The results of model tests are combined into one mathematical expression. With the expression it is possible to make ice resistance predictions for ships with different main dimension ratios and hull forms. KW - Cargo ships KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Finland KW - Fluid resistance KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice resistance KW - Icebreaking KW - Mathematical models KW - Model basins KW - Ore carriers KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural models KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657644 AU - Magnavox Research Laboratories AU - Maritime Administration TI - KINGS POINT EARTH STATION (KPES) ENGINEERING STUDY REPORT PY - 1976/08/10 SP - Various p. AB - The objective of this paper was to present the costs involved in modifying the Kings Point Earth Station (KPES) for operation in position location and high data-rate experiments of the Maritime Satellite Program, Phase 4. The implementation at the KPES needed to support these experiments is discussed, and the required modifications and their costs and manpower requirements are presented. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Earth stations KW - Modifications KW - Navigational satellites KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166763 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER. MARITIME DESIGN STUDY FOR 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER. VOLUME 5. ECONOMIC EVALUATION PY - 1976/08 SP - 128 p. AB - The study extended over a period of approximately six months. The principal objectives of the study were to develop the preliminary design for a 600,000 DWT nuclear powered ULCC, perform ship safety analyses, develop a preliminary quality assurance program, develop a ship construction schedule of key events, develop the shipyard/reactor manufacturer scope of supply, define the interfaces specifically related to the nuclear propulsion plant. In terms of budgetary estimates, an economic evaluation was performed for ship construction cost, ship refueling and drydocking cost, first of a kind ship construction cost, ship manning cost, and contingencies. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Docking KW - Drydocking KW - Economic analysis KW - Incentives KW - Manning requirements KW - Marine nuclear propulsion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operating costs KW - Propulsion KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Safety KW - Service life KW - Ship construction costs KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Variable costs KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172374 AU - Hitt, J AU - Pacific Far East Line TI - CORPORATE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM--EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1976/08 SP - 19 p. AB - This report describes a system of computer programs which has been designed to simulate, project and report voyage revenue and costs throughout the several phases of a voyage: planning prior to voyage commencement; preliminary estimates of voyage results while in progress; final estimates of voyage results after termination, and the analysis and reporting of actual revenue and cost information on a historical basis. KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Cargo transportation) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Estimating KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Freight transportation KW - Information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Voyage accounting KW - Voyage estimating KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149334 AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - STUDY OF THE PORT OF METROPOLITAN ST LOUIS - PHASE II-A: A PRIMER ON INLAND WATERWAYS PORTS - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1976/08 SP - 25 p. AB - This report is a summary of the results of a study on inland marine port operations. It includes an outline description of the Port of St. Louis, a discussion of the effects of river flow dynamics, and analysis of port efficiency, an evaluation of the effect of new marine concepts on ports planning, and a discussion on port development. Recommendations are provided for the inland waterways industry and the Maritime Administration. KW - Development KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Missouri KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149335 AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - STUDY OF THE PORT OF METROPOLITAN ST. LOUIS - PHASE II-A: A PRIMER ON INLAND WATERWAYS PORTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 172 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study of inland marine port operations. A detailed description of the Port of St. Louis is given. The effect of river flow dynamics including river level fluctuations, siltation and sandbars, and river flow characteristics of swift currents and high water is discussed. An analysis is made of how well inland ports perform the function of transferring cargo between shippers and barge line-haul carriers. The effect which new marine concepts, such as LASH, SEABEE, containersization, etc., may have on proper port planning is evaluated. Past inland port growth is described and the criteria and staging used in planning future growth is presented. Recommendations are provided. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Missouri KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - Silting KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147031 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINERIZED CARGO STATISTICS - CALENDAR YEAR 1974 PY - 1976/08 SP - 94 p. AB - The 1976 edition of this report contains statistics for the 1974 calendar year. Statistics for 1975, 1976, and 1977 should be published during the 1979 calendar year. The report is published for use by both industry and government groups interested in the waterborne foreign commerce of the United States. It contains summaries of containerized cargo statistics for each MarAd-designated U.S. foreign trade route. The data are obtained from operator-filed "Supplemental Unitized Cargo Container Reports, Form MA578A" that are filed with the appropriate District Director of Customs upon each initial entrance or final clearance of a vessel at a U.S. port. In addition to the filings of all commercial merchant vessels, forms are filed for all voyages of merchant vessels operated by or for the Department of Defense, except vessels of the Military Sealift Command Nucleus fleet. Specific data breakdowns include containerized cargo by U.S. coastal districts and selected U.S. ports (number of containers, total tonnage, and percent increase over 1973); percentage of tonnage carried by U.S.-flag vessels through selected U.S. ports; containerized cargo on selected trade routes; comparison of containerized cargo on selected trade routes, calendar years 1973 and 1974; and total trade route and individual trade route statistics (number of containers; total and inbound and outbound cubic feet; and total tonnage moved on the trade route annually, 1970-1974.) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Classification KW - Commodities KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containerizing KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - International trade KW - Routing KW - Seaports KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade routes KW - Trade statistics KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658269 AU - Castrinakis, M AU - Durfee, J H AU - Maritime Administration AU - BDM Corporation AU - Van Houten Associates, Inc. TI - REPORT ON A STUDY OF OFFSHORE INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PY - 1976/07/16 SP - 24 p. AB - This document is a report on the first phase of a study that entails an assessment of the offshore industry. The overall effort was divided into four major areas; (1) the offshore oil and gas industry; (2) coastal and ocean mining; (3) ocean energy systems; and (4) multipurpose islands and fixed structures. For each of these, a short definition and brief inventory is given. Subsequently, the various controlling factors for the growth or the stagnation of each are identified, and an attempt is made to predict the future levels to be reached by each of these sectors of the industry. KW - Gas industry KW - Mining KW - Ocean bottom KW - Ocean energy KW - Ocean mining KW - Offshore industries KW - Petroleum industry KW - Stationary structures KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142323 AU - MILLER, J W AU - Schneider, J F AU - Varcolik, F AU - Science Applications, Incorporated TI - SHIP OPERATIONS IN RESTRICTED WATERWAYS PY - 1976/07/15 SP - 102 p. AB - The principal objective is to develop and demonstrate a methodology and model that will serve as a management tool in the evaluation of alternative risk reduction techniques, as well as for guidance in the directing of relevant research efforts. This report of Phase I accomplishments presents an outline of the design of both the methodology and the detailed computer simulation model, which will include risk-estimating algorithms for the elemental maneuvering situations in restricted waterways. An important ingredient of this model is "decision-making under uncertainty." KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Restricted water operation KW - Risk analysis KW - Shallow water maneuvering KW - Ship pilotage KW - Ship simulators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656523 AU - ETA Engineers, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ALTERNATE USE STUDY FOR VERY LARGE CRUDE CARRIERS (VLCC) PY - 1976/07/12 AB - The main document of this two-volume study deals with the feasibility of converting very large crude carriers (VLCCs) to commercially viable alternate use, primarily--but not exclusively-- in the offshore oil and gas industry. Based on technical, economic, environmental and other evaluation criteria, it is suggested that modified VLCCs might be used as pipelaying ships, crane ships, mobile floating supply bases, floating storage ships, and oil/gas separation ships. A companion volume presents background information, outlines study objectives and research methods, and develops a format for reporting results. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Large tankers KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658763 AU - Computer Identics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE TERMINAL CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS), FINAL REPORT PY - 1976/07/04 SP - Various p. AB - The Marine Terminal Control System (TCS) was designed to support critical terminal functions such as monitoring vessel loading and discharge; receiving, delivering and stowing of containers; and clearing loaded vessels for departure. This report describes both the development of the computer-based TCS and the various terminal operations to show how the system works in practice. The role of ACI (Automatic Container Identification) technology as an integral part of the TCS is also discussed. KW - Aci (Automatic container identification) KW - Automation KW - Container control KW - Container handling KW - Container operations KW - Container terminals KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Identification systems KW - Identifying KW - Information processing KW - Marine terminals KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146771 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR TANKER CONSTRUCTION PY - 1976/07/04 SP - 614 p. AB - These standard specifications for tanker construction are intended to provide guidance to the maritime industry for the preparation of detail ship specifications. They are complete in all aspects of required contract work and embody the following pertinent features: Levels of quality for construction differential subsidy, current requirements of regulatory bodies, latest technological developments, measures of standardization to encourage mass production techniques, standard text to reflect legal aspects of contract work, and metric identification of all standard sizes and dimensions. KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Construction KW - Covering KW - Fires KW - Fittings KW - Fixtures KW - Furniture KW - Hoists KW - Hulls KW - Human factors engineering KW - Machinery KW - Marine diesel engines KW - Marine engineering KW - Marine propulsion KW - Marine safety KW - Measurement KW - Metrology KW - Navigation KW - Openings KW - Painting KW - Piping systems KW - Protection KW - Safety equipment KW - Seawater KW - Ship construction specifications KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Subsidies KW - Survival KW - Tanker construction KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656614 AU - Poole, T J AU - Battilena, W W AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated AU - Brewer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL STRUCTURE--PROPULSION SYSTEM INTERACTION OF THE LASH (C8-S-81B) VESSELS PY - 1976/07 AB - Calculation and measurements of the stresses of the hull machinery and foundations of a LASH ship were performed with two objectives in mind: (1) to gain further insight into structural problems that have been known to occur; and (2) to demonstrate that the finite element structural technique is suitable for the future prediction of levels of stresses and deflections that may be incompatible with a ship's machinery and power transmission. Volume 1 contains the main body of the report; Volume 2 is comprised of two appendices that describe the work performed by Brewer Engineering Laboratories in acquiring and reducing the data for this research. KW - Deflection KW - Finite element method KW - Lash ships KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172376 AU - Collins, D AU - Computer Identics Corporation TI - MARINE TERMINAL CONTROL SYSTEM: FINAL REPORT PY - 1976/07 SP - 102 p. AB - This report describes the design and development of a prototype computer-based marine terminal control system with automatic container identification. It documents the mini-computer system configuration with input/output devices positioned at key control points within the terminal and covers the operational performance of this system at the Howland Hook, Staten Island, New York container terminal. KW - Automatic container identification KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Automation KW - Container identification systems KW - Container terminals KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Control systems KW - Information processing KW - Information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151321 AU - Kenefick, J F AU - Chirillo, L AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SHIPBUILDING PY - 1976/07 SP - 60 p. AB - This study reports on the results of an investigation of the applicability of photogrammetry to dimensioning problems which frequently occur in shipbuilding. Particular emphasis is placed on applications which have the greatest potential for improving productivity. KW - Analytical photogrammetry KW - Computer aided design KW - Information processing KW - Photogrammetry KW - Photographic techniques KW - Photography KW - Photointerpretation KW - Ship structural components KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Stereophotography KW - Stereoscopic cameras UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145906 AU - Boerger, F C AU - Northern California Ports & Terminals Bureau, Inc AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA. PHASE I. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/07 SP - 53 p. AB - Studies were undertaken to investigate the long-term needs for facilities to accommodate future international and domestic shipping in the San Francisco Bay Area. These studies provide a basis for answering queries by environmentalists concerning the need for port expansion. They provide a tool to demonstrate a definite relationship between growth in commerce and the required expansion of port capabilities. KW - Bulk cargo KW - California KW - Capacity KW - Cargo transportation KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Estimates KW - Facilities KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbors KW - Improvements KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Planning KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - San Francisco Bay KW - Trade KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00138021 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION CHEMICAL WASTE INCINERATOR SHIP PROJECT PY - 1976/07 AB - The Maritime Administration is presently considering Agency support for the development of a U.S. flag operated incineration at sea capability. As many as four incinerator vessels may eventually be needed nation-wide. This project, hereinafter called the Chemical Waste Incinerator Ship Project, is in harmony with the intent of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (P.L. 92-532). The high temperature combustion in the open ocean of toxic chemical wastes, under strictly observed safety regulations, has minimal adverse impact on the marine environment. For chlorinated hydrocarbons, conversion is principally to waste vapor, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Combustion efficiencies are in excess of 99.9%. Alternative methods of treatment and disposal for hazardous wastes, such as toxic chemicals, have been considered in this statement. These processes include physical treatment, chemical treatment, thermal treatment, biological treatment, and ultimate disposal. The alternative of no Project is also discussed. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Incinerators KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167781 AU - Maritime Administration AU - D-Cycle Power Systems Incorporated TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE TECHNICAL ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING THE D-CYCLE TO MARINE PROPULSION PY - 1976/06/25 SP - 96 p. AB - This report contains: A summary description of a condensing vapor cycle with a steam compression step, known as the D-Cycle. The application of the D-Cycle to marine propulsion is considered and discussed. The cycle is applied to five different marine rankine cycles. Heat balances are developed for the D-Cycle applications. Two D-Cycles are selected for further analysis. For the two chosen cycles, costs are developed, and effect of the D-Cycle introduction on the cost of ship operation is estimated. Requirements for fitting the 2 chosen cycles to new ships and for retrofitting are discussed. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propulsion systems) KW - Heat balance KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Steam cycles KW - Steam engines KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143647 AU - Bass, R L AU - Owen, T E AU - Dodge, F T AU - Southwest Research Institute AU - Maritime Administration TI - BULK CARRIER OPERATIONS SAFETY ENHANCEMENT PROJECT. PHASE I PY - 1976/06/07 SP - 237 p. AB - Appropriate scale modeling methods for studying liquid petroleum cargo shiptank electrostatics, washing and atmosphere control phenomena are established and evaluated. A review of currently available full and model scale study data and implications of this data in view of the developed modeling criteria are presented. Recommended laboratory studies in the areas of atmosphere control, tank washing and electrostatics are discussed with emphasis on the utilization of additional laboratory data supplementing current knowledge to develop definitive design and operation guidelines. KW - Air quality management KW - Atmosphere contamination control KW - Bulk cargo KW - Electrostatic charge KW - Electrostatics KW - Explosive vapor ignition KW - Hazards KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum trade KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank inerting systems KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Washing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658274 AU - Gte Sylvania AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME MOBILE TELEPRINTER ERROR-CORRECTION EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION PY - 1976/06 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes the teleprinter error-correction equipment developed for the U.S. Maritime Administration. This error- correction unit is part of the SELCALL/Error-Correction Teleprinting System which provides digital selective calling and protected teleprinter capability. The aim of the report is to provide the basis for a general procurement specification. The main text of this specification consists of a functional description of the unit, a discussion of technical characteristics, and a description of the software program. KW - Information processing KW - Printers KW - Selective calling systems KW - Specifications KW - Telecommunications KW - Teleprinters UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193670 AU - Muench, G A AU - Maritime Administration AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company TI - STUDY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF MOTIVATION IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY--PHASE I PY - 1976/06 SP - 173 p. AB - The first chapter introduces the study in terms of its purposes and procedures. The next chapter surveys the general literature pertinent to motivation in industry organized according to the research plan of this study. The next chapter reports in depth the results from the current study, including composite data for the total industry, as well as a brief comparison of ten separate local shipyards. Since motivation in industry is a complex phenomenon, for the purpose of this study motivation has been analyzed in terms of relationships to some of its various segments beginning with job satisfaction, the core factor around which all the other dimensions of the motivational process would evolve. The factors, in addition to job satisfaction include job commitment and morale, job importance, working conditions and benefits, workers perceptions of co-workers, promotion, and supervisor-worker relationships. KW - Employee relations KW - Human performance KW - Labor market KW - Management KW - Manpower studies KW - Motivation KW - Personnel management KW - Personnel motivation KW - Personnel performance KW - Productivity KW - Shipyard management KW - Shipyard personnel KW - Shipyards KW - Wages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178903 AU - Maritime Administration TI - UNTANGLING DREDGING REGULATIONS PY - 1976/06 SP - 45 p. AB - Since Federal law is the basis for most state as well as Federal agencies regulating dredging and because of the generally standardized procedures under the Corps' regulations, similar problems exist in all port areas conducting dredging activities. The recommendations and their implementation are not directed at completely overhauling the regulatory system. To do so would be a formidable task requiring a large scale legislative effort and the resulting system may turn out to be no more streamlined than the present one. Programs to improve dredging regulations, based on the recommendations in this report, should be tailor made to fit local conditions. Definite improvements can be made by reforming present regulatory practices at the Federal, state and local levels and through interagency cooperation. The port industry, using this and other studies, can present definite reform measures to their elected representatives and agency officials to begin to untangle the regulation of dredging. KW - Coastal zone management KW - Decision making KW - Dredging KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Policy KW - Port operations KW - Port regulations KW - Ports KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Transportation planning KW - Water pollution KW - Water pollution regulation KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00139364 AU - Elste, V H AU - Scher, R M AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - GREAT LAKES TRANSPORT OF WESTERN COAL: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS PY - 1976/06 SP - 149 p. AB - An investigation of the economics of transporting western coal to consumers in the midwestern and eastern demand regions with a particular emphasis on the Great Lakes waterborne link. The design characteristics of Great Lakes coal-carrying vessels are discussed in detail. Specific problems involved in the transport of coal in bulk are related to design decisions, particularly in the areas of cargo-handling gear, cubic requirements, ship maneuvering, cargo thawing, and dust control. The relative performance of taconite carriers, specially built colliers, and combination vessels in the coal trade is discussed, together with a consideration of potential problems facing coal carriers diverted to the taconite trade. The economic effects of systematic variations in ship characteristics, including dimensions, materials, proportions, and speed are considered. The impact of fuel price and of operation through the winter is also examined. A comparison of transport alternatives for various pairs of sources and destinations, based on total delivered cost and energy expenditure, including rail transport and transshipment, is made. Conclusions are offered regarding the future of Great Lakes operations in view of the emerging coal traffic. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk coal KW - Bulk handling KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Competition KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Freight traffic KW - Great Lakes KW - Operations KW - Transportation modes KW - Unit trains KW - Unloading facilities KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158685 AU - BDM Corporation AU - Energy Research and Development Administration AU - Department of the Interior AU - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT OF THE NATIONAL PLANNING CONFERENCE ON THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCEANS, HELD AT WASHINGTON, D.C., AND AIRLIE, VIRGINIA, JUNE 9-12, 1976. VOLUME 1. CONFERENCE ADDRESSES AND SUMMARY PY - 1976/06 SP - 141 p. AB - A group of 145 senior representatives from government, industry, academia and public interest groups attended the conference to chart a work plan for the Nation's future development of the oceans. Volume I contains the addresses that opened the session and the synopsis reports presented at the end of the session. Topic areas cover mineral deposits, fishing, aquaculture, siting of solar sea power plants, oil and gas offshore operations, and marine transportation. KW - Aquaculture KW - Continental shelf KW - Continental shelves KW - Crude oil KW - Energy conversion KW - Fisheries KW - Fishing KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Meetings KW - Mineral deposits KW - Natural gas KW - Ocean development KW - Oceans KW - Offshore energy sources KW - Offshore operations KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Petroleum KW - Planning KW - Shipping KW - Solar power plants KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Thermal power generation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158686 AU - BDM Corporation AU - Energy Research and Development Administration AU - Department of the Interior AU - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AU - Maritime Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - REPORT OF THE NATIONAL PLANNING CONFERENCE ON THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCEANS, HELD AT WARRENTON, VIRGINIA, JUNE 9-11, 1976. VOLUME 2. PROGRAM ELEMENTS PY - 1976/06 SP - 243 p. AB - A group of 145 senior representatives from government, industry, academia and public interest groups attended the conference to chart a work plan for the Nation's future development of the oceans. Volume II contains all of the program elements that were recommended by the Conference. KW - Aquaculture KW - Continental shelf KW - Continental shelves KW - Crude oil KW - Energy conversion KW - Fisheries KW - Fishing KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Meetings KW - Mineral deposits KW - Natural gas KW - Ocean development KW - Oceans KW - Offshore energy sources KW - Offshore operations KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore structures KW - Offshore terminals KW - Petroleum KW - Planning KW - Shipping KW - Solar power plants KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Thermal power generation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143348 AU - Powell, W J AU - Exxon International Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - CRUDE WASHING PY - 1976/06 SP - 143 p. AB - Crude washing is the process of washing the tanks of crude carriers during cargo discharge, using the cargo as the washing fluid. This report summarizes tests conducted to determine the effectiveness of crude washing. It concludes that crude washing is a viable technique for reducing operational pollution in normal ballast handling and sludge removal operations. KW - Ballast tanks KW - Cleaning KW - Crude oil KW - Crude washing KW - Flushing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum refining KW - Petroleum trade KW - Pollution control KW - Rinsing KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Washing KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656524 AU - MARCONAFLO Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF SLURRY TECHNOLOGY TO THE MARITIME INDUSTRY PY - 1976/05/31 AB - The application of slurry technology to marine transport systems encompass es separate functions of slurry preparation, slurry pipelining, dewatering, and reslurrying for discharge from ships. In this study, a number of selected mineral commodities (coal, coke, iron ore, phosphate, and hematite) were tested for applicability in each of the indicated slurry modes. Technical data on the suitability of each commodity for slurry preparation, pipelining, and separation are presented in tabular form in the Main Report, (Vol.1). An appendix (Vol.2) contains a computer listing of mineral mixing tests, computer plots of the characteristics of each of the mineral commodities tested, and a computer listing of settling tests for each commodity. KW - Cargo handling KW - Coal mixtures KW - Iron ores KW - Minerals KW - Slurry KW - Slurry cargo KW - Slurry pipelines KW - Slurry transportation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658516 AU - Magnavox Research Laboratories AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION REPORT OF THE PHASE 3 ANTENNA SYSTEM PY - 1976/05/26 SP - 28 p. AB - Magnavox Research Laboratories was asked by the Maritime Administration to evaluate the shipboard antenna system originally developed for MARAD in an earlier phase of the Maritime Satellite Program, and subsequently modified for operation in Phase 3. The purpose of this effort was to assess the feasibility of employing these systems during future shipboard experiments that will utilize the MARISAT communications satellite system. The general conclusion, based on a review of the antenna system analysis, was that an upgrading of the system to meet MARISAT requirements and provide relatively long-term operation (up to 18 months) in the marine environment is technically feasible. KW - Analysis KW - Antennas KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Navigational satellites KW - Satellite communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656520 AU - Poth, L J AU - Todd Shipyards Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ALTERNATE USES OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TANKERS PY - 1976/05 SP - 44 p. AB - This report evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of converting liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers to other cryogenic cargo uses. Alternate cargoes evaluated in the study include anhydrous ammonia, liquefied petroleum gases, liquid ethylene, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and liquid hydrogen. Various LNG tanker subsystems are assessed from the standpoint of potential conversion from LNG to alternate use, and modifications required to make the carriage of alternate cryogens possible are identified. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Carriers KW - Cryogenic materials KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Liquid bulk cargo KW - Liquid cargo KW - Lng tanks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658759 AU - Kimpo, F L AU - Turner, E L AU - Kump, C G AU - Gte Sylvania AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME MOBILE DIGITAL SELECTIVE-CALLING REPORT ON EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1976/05 SP - 49 p. AB - The function of Maritime Mobile Digital Selective Calling (SELCALL) is to establish radio contact between a ship and a shore station or between ship stations. This report describes the SELCALL equipment (e.g., transmitters, receivers, transceivers, teleprinters), reviews its development, and summarizes the results of simulated and operational tests of the system. Specific benefits accruing to maritime users of SELCALL are discussed briefly. KW - Communications KW - Data communications KW - Radio KW - Selective calling systems KW - Ship to ship KW - Ship to shore KW - Ships KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149331 AU - Robinson, J G AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1976/05 SP - 94 p. AB - Three ocean-going tug/barge systems for push towing have been experimentally evaluated for resistance, propulsion, and seakeeping (loads and motions). One employs a completely faired in rigidly connected tug/barge interface; the other two (one single-screw and one twin-screw) employ a pinned joint connection which allows relative pitching between tug and barge. The systems are designed to carry approximately 47,000 tons of cargo using a 3300 BHP medium speed diesel power plant. Propulsion results show the rigidly connected case to have a sea speed of 19 knots while the pinned cases suffer a 1 to 1 1/2 knot loss at the same power. Seakeeping results show all three systems capable of transoceanic service. The rigid connection case is equivalent to a conventional ship and develops its highest connection forces in the vertical direction. The pinned cases relieve vertical forces but accentuate longitudinal forces (to prevent relative yaw). A new computer program has been developed to handle the pinned case vertical force and motion response; its accuracy of prediction has proved to be good. Decoupling of the pinned case is feasible in a moderate seaway, but is not recommended as a design requirement for all conditions. Useful design guidance is provided for the three cases considered, with full discussion of the critical factors and explanation for certain behavior patterns. Extrapolation to other sizes is discussed. Performance differences are such that analytical techniques are inadequate for quantitative assessments, and testing of specific geometries is necessary. Recommendations include further analysis of existing data as well as additional tests of existing models. KW - Barges KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Tug barge linkage KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649796 AU - Lorain Electronics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED DISTRESS/URGENCY WATCH PY - 1976/04/12 SP - 34 p. AB - This paper describes the devleopment of a system whose purpose is to alert control center operators, without delay, to a maritime distress situation. The two major components involved are a distress signal generator and an automatic distress alarm decoder. A general description and a list of specifications are provided for each piece of equipment. The last section of the report discusses procedures and results of laboratory and field tests of the automated distress alarm system. KW - Distress signals KW - Radio KW - Radio telephone KW - Recommendations KW - Specifications KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657252 AU - Brown, R A AU - Searl, T D AU - Koons, C B AU - Exxon Research and Engineering Co., n.p. AU - Exxon Production Research Co., n.p. AU - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AU - Maritime Administration TI - MEASUREMENT AND INTERPRETATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN PY - 1976/04 SP - Various p. AB - A baseline study of dispersed hydrocarbons and other lipids was conducted in Pacific Ocean waters. Some 850 samples were taken off Exxon tankers and the R/V MELVILLE. Methods of sampling are described in detail and the distribution patterns of volatile and nonvolatile hydrocarbon concentrations are anlayzed. The composition of a representative number of hydrocarbons was determined and from these data an interpretation as to the origin of hydrocarbons was attemped. KW - Analysis KW - Composition (Property) KW - Concentration (Chemistry) KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Materials selection KW - Measurement KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Physical distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143669 AU - Avery, W H AU - Blevins, R W AU - Dugger, G L AU - Francis, E J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) PLANT SHIPS PY - 1976/04 SP - 41 p. AB - An analysis of the maritime, construction, and cost aspects of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant-ships for deployment in tropical oceans to produce ammonia and other energy-intensive products is given. A concept has been developed for OTEC plant-ships for use at selected sites in tropical oceans to produce energy-intensive products on-board. These platforms will be very stable under normal operating conditions and could serve many other needs. KW - Aluminum KW - Ammonia KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Electric power generation KW - Energy conversion KW - Estimates KW - Heat exchangers KW - Hydrogen production KW - Oceans KW - Solar power plants KW - Thermal power generation KW - Thermal power plants KW - Thermal reactors KW - Thermochemical power plants KW - Thermochemistry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146274 AU - Avery, W H AU - Blevins, R W AU - Dugger, G L AU - Francis, E J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC) PLANT SHIPS - DETAILED REPORT PY - 1976/04 SP - 232 p. AB - A very promising way to alleviate the Nation's energy problems, one that would greatly affect United States maritime activities, would be the rapid development of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant-ships to produce energy-intensive products at sea. Such OTEC plant-ships would use the temperature difference between the warm surface layer and the cold deep layers of a tropical ocean to drive a heat engine to produce electric power that, in turn, would be used to produce ammonia, aluminum, liquid hydrogen, and/or other products. The construction, deployment, operation, and shipping support of these plant-ships are discussed. KW - Aluminum KW - Ammonia KW - Analysis KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Drawings KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric power generation KW - Electric power plants KW - Estimates KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Heat exchangers KW - Hydrogen KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore power plants KW - Offshore structures KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Solar power plants KW - Synthetic fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00142318 AU - Warwick, J E AU - Anderson, A L AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NATURE OF SHIP COLLISIONS WITHIN PORTS PY - 1976/04 SP - 30 p. AB - This report is a summary of the nature of ship collisions which have occurred in ports or while in the protected waters enroute to port and is based on information obtained for ship operations in seven representative U.S. ports over a five year period. In addition to the collisions which have occurred, port traffic information for the same time period is included. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Collision statistics KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Safety KW - Ship casualties KW - Statistics KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649990 AU - Sea Use Foundation AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE ADVISORIES AND OPTIMUM TRACK SHIP ROUTINGS PY - 1976/03/15 AB - This report covers the work of the SEA USE Marine Services Development Group undertaken to determine potential benefits that might be derived by the shipping community from improved marine forecasts and optimum track ship routings. It includes a cost/benefit analysis, a review of existing organizations and procedures with recommendations for improvement, a discussion of several procedures that might be pursued in investigating techniques for extending the range and validity of marine forecasts, a review of the need for improved synoptic weather reports from ships at sea including a suggestion for possible improvements and a review of the communication problems in the processing of weather reports and promulgation of forecasts. The results of an experimental marine advisory project conducted during 1975 with two participating tug- barge companies are reviewed and analyzed and recommendations are made for possible improvements in this system. The study concludes that the improved marine advisories would be beneficial, the costs of such improved services are warranted, and that they can be developed by improving liaison with the users, formatting products to meet their specific requirements, and by concentrating on improving communciations to and from ships at sea. Summaries of the Annexes contained in Volume 2 and Volume 3 may be found on pages 53-65 of Volume 1. KW - Beaufort Sea KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bering Sea KW - Chukchi sea KW - Fog KW - Forecasting KW - Marine meteorology KW - Meteorology KW - Optimization KW - Reports KW - Routing KW - Sea ice KW - Ship routing KW - Ships KW - Swells (Waves) KW - Synoptic meteorology KW - Weather KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658040 AU - Wheaton, J W AU - Fain, R A AU - Teledyne Materials Research AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEST PROGRAM REPORT: COOPERATIVE US/USSR RESEARCH PROGRAM ON OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA AND LOADS ON SHIPS AT SEA PY - 1976/03/05 SP - Various p. AB - This report is the second of two that define the overall ship response test program to be undertaken jointly by the US and USSR. The objective of the program is to acquire information on wave spectra encountered by vessels on the main ocean routes, as well as the response of the hulls of oceangoing vessels to wave loads, in order to further develop rational criteria for evaluating the hull strength of vessels for unlimited ocean service. KW - Cooperation KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Hull strength KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Research KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Strength of materials KW - Transducers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650003 AU - Weinberg, A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CANDIDATE SYNC WORD DETECTORS FOR A MARINE RADAR INTERROGATOR-TRANSPONDER PY - 1976/03 SP - 65 p. AB - Two digital synchronization (sync) word detector schemes for the Marine Radar Interrogator-Transponder (MRIT), which is being developed by the Sperry Marine Corporation for the Maritime Administration, are considered. The first employs pattern matching, i.e., it requires perfect biy-by-bit agreement in the demodulation of the sync word. The second scheme considered determines whether or not sync has been achieved on the basis of a threshold comparison. In this paper, the performances of the two sync detectors are derived from two distinct sync words, and for the case of White Gaussian noise being the only source of corruption of the input signal. The results are then compared, and design recommendations made. KW - Analysis KW - Design KW - Marine radar interrogator transponders KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Synchronism KW - Synchronization word detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146286 AU - Zeitlin, L AU - Hart, R AU - SCHWIMMER, M J AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE MARINE PHYSICIAN'S ASSISTANT: EFFECT ON THE FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ILLNESS AND INJURY REPORTS FROM U.S. MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1976/03 SP - 34 p. AB - The illness/injury reports filed with the Marine Index Bureau (MIB) for a three-year period (1971, 1972, and 1973) from a matched sample of 20 U.S. flag ships, 10 with Marine Physician's Assistants (MPA) aboard, 10 without, were compared with regard to the nature and severity of reported incidents. The presence of the MPA served to significantly reduce the number of minor illness/injury reports filed with the MIB without markedly changing the number of reports of major incidents. Little evidence was developed about the MPA's medical efficacy or the long-run impact of his presence aboard U.S. flag ships. KW - Allied health personnel KW - Crew safety KW - Diseases and medical conditions KW - Effectiveness KW - First aid KW - Health care KW - Health care facilities KW - Health manpower KW - Injuries KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Medical personnel KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Occupational safety KW - Physical distribution KW - Physicians assistants KW - Recommendations KW - Tables (Data) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656730 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 7: BRIEF OF PROJECT PY - 1976/02/10 SP - Various p. AB - This volume reports on Task 7 of a project whose purpose was to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner. The four steamship operators participating in the project were: American Export Lines, Inc.; Farrell Lines, Inc.; Matson Navigation Company; and United States Lines, Inc. This document consists of the reproduction of slides used to illustrate an oral briefing on the project presented at the Maritime Administration. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8853. KW - Cargo ships KW - Requirements KW - Reviews KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145904 AU - Northern California Ports & Terminals Bureau, Inc AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING CAPACITY OF MARINE TERMINALS. VOLUME I. STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY PY - 1976/02 SP - 234 p. AB - The study presents a standardized method for estimating throughput capacity of marine terminals. Not only port authorities, but ocean carriers and large shippers have repeated use for a precise, accurate and efficient method for estimating the capacity of a given facility or for estimating the spatial and equipment requirements for a facility to handle a given throughput. KW - Bulk cargo KW - California KW - Capacity KW - Cargo transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbors KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Planning KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Productivity KW - San Francisco Bay KW - Terminal operations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649915 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2F: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION--ANALYSIS OF SPECIALIZED CARGO VESSEL DESIGN AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS PY - 1976/02 SP - 114 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2F was to analyze design features and personnel requirements for specialized type vessels employing advanced operating concepts and engaged in the contiguous coastal and Caribbean trade areas carrying small lots of containerized, barge, or neo-bulk cargoes between smaller ports and major distribution ports. Data was gathered onboard a small (499 g.t.) diesel-powered RO-RO vessel on a voyage from Miami to Curacao and return. Analysis of the data developed the functional requirements for operation and maintenance; recommended improvements in design, equipment, and procedures; and, manning and skills requirements for this type vessel in this type trade. Significant conclusions resulting from the observation voyage and analysis are: a one-man bridge watch on 6-hour rotation basis is feasible and safe under most conditions; for greater safety at night, it is advisable to station an additional man on the bridge; when a satisfactory attendance monitoring system is developed and installed, the additional man would not be required; using bridge remote propulsion and steering controls, the master can maneuver the vessel alongside unassisted-- however, an improved bridge layout arrangement would result in more efficient and safer operation; unattended engine room operation is reliable and safe; and, two licensed engineers on a 24-hour duty basis can satisfy all operating and maintenance requirements. Recommended improvements include: redesign of bridge arrangement; remote propulsion and steering controls on bridge wings; digital selective calling system for long-range communication; automation of ballast and fuel transfer systems; and, transfer of certain administrative and cargo functions to shore personnel. KW - Automation KW - Bridge design KW - Bridge personnel KW - Bridges KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Caribbean Sea KW - Engine room automation KW - Engine rooms KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard organization KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Ships KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657839 AU - Barrick, S M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUMP DIFFUSER EVALUATION PROGRAM, CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR (CNSG) IV SYSTEM PY - 1976/02 AB - The purpose of the Pump Diffuser Evaluation Program was to develop a diffuser between the reactor coolant recirculating pumps and the modular-once-through steam generators. Two diffuser arrangements were evaluated using a 1/10.481 scale flow model of the Consolidated Nuclear Steam Generator (CNSG) diffuser section. Test results for open annulus and perforated plate diffuser designs were analyzed with respect to the flow distribution into the modular-once-through steam generators, the height of the diffuser, and the pressure drop through the diffuser section. Based on the test results, an open annulus with a height of 16 inches is recommended for the full scale CNSG. KW - Boilers KW - Cnsg (Consolidated nuclear steam generator) KW - Diffusers KW - Evaluation KW - Nuclear energy KW - Pumps UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151315 AU - Brayton, W C AU - Hogan, J A AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPYARD WELDING AND CUTTING - PLASMA PROCESSES OF CUTTING AND WELDING PY - 1976/02 SP - 85 p. AB - The report analyzes the latest developments in plasma arc cutting, welding and shape cutting machines with emphasis on their application in the shipbuilding industry. Plasma welding was found advantageous over other welding processes for only a very few shipyard requirements. Plasma cutting, on the other hand, is shown to be ideally suited for the productivity, quality and operating cost necessary in modern shipbuilding. KW - Arc cutting KW - Cutting machines tools KW - Cutting tools KW - Electric arc welding KW - Plasma arc cutting KW - Plasma arc welding KW - Plasma cutting KW - Plasma welding KW - Shipbuilding KW - Utilization KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148498 AU - Sea Use Foundation TI - IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE ADVISORIES AND OPTIMUM TRACK SHIP ROUTINGS. VOL. II OF III PY - 1976/01/31 SP - 275 p. AB - This report covers the work of the SEA USE Marine Services Development Group undertaken to determine potential benefits that might be derived by the shipping community from improved marine forecasts. This volume contains reports on the history of the SEA USE Marine Service Development Group (Annex A); a report on the existing organizations and procedures for reporting environmental monitoring and issuing marine forecasts for the Northeast Pacific Ocean region along with recommendation for improvements in services (Annex B); and a report on the use of tele- communications in reporting environmental monitoring and disseminating marine forecasts and advisories in the Northeast Pacific Ocean region (Annex C). It also contains suggested courses of action for improving medium range surface weather forecasts (Annex D) and a discussion of procedures for forecasting surface winds and related sea and swell (Annex E); as well as procedures for improving the capability for forecasting coastal fog (Annex F). KW - Fog KW - Meteorological reports KW - Meteorology KW - Reports KW - Routing KW - Ship routing KW - Ships KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148497 AU - Sea Use Foundation TI - IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE ADVISORIES AND OPTIMUM TRACK SHIP ROUTINGS. VOL I OF III PY - 1976/01/31 SP - 65 p. AB - This report covers the work of the SEA USE Marine Services Development Group undertaken to determine potential benefits that might be derived by the shipping community from improved marine forecasts and optimum track ship routings. It includes a cost/benefit analysis, a review of existing organizations and procedures with recommendations for improvement, a discussion of several procedures that might be pursued in investigating techniques for extending the range and validity of marine forecasts, a review of the need for improved synoptic weather reports from ships at sea including a suggestion for possible improvements and a review of the communication problems in the processing of weather reports and promulgation of forecasts. The results of an experimental marine advisory project conducted during 1975 with two participating tug-barge companies are reviewed and analyzed and recommendations are made for possible improvements in this system. The study concludes the improved marine advisories would be beneficial, the costs of such improved services are warranted, and that they can be developed by improving liaison with the users, formating products to meet their specific requirements and by concentrating on improving communications to and from ships at sea. KW - Fog KW - Meteorological reports KW - Meteorology KW - Reports KW - Routing KW - Ship routing KW - Ships KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148499 AU - Sea Use Foundation TI - IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE ADVISORIES AND OPTIMUM TRACK SHIP ROUTING. VOL. III OF III PY - 1976/01/31 SP - 148 p. AB - This report covers the work of the SEA USE Marine Service Development Group undertaken to determine potential benefits that might be derived by the shipping community from improved marine forecasts. This volume contains reports on ice predictions for the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas with recommendations for improving the service (Annex G1); a report on the special services provided by the SEA USE Marine Service Development Group to the tug-barge operators involved in the 1975 North Slope resupply operation (Annex H). It also contains a report and analysis on the trial of an experimental marine advisory service that was conducted in cooperation with two tug-barge companies operating on the Puget Sound to Alaska route with recommendations for improving this specific service (Annex I); and contains an analysis of potential benefits to optimum track ship routing services on the West Coast to Japan trade route from enhanced marine weather forecasting (Annex J). KW - Arctic Regions KW - Fog KW - Forecasting KW - Ice forecasting KW - Meteorological reports KW - Meteorology KW - Reports KW - Routing KW - Ship routing KW - Ships KW - Weather forecasting KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64259 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656726 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 5: FINAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR AMERICAN EXPORT LINES, INC. PY - 1976/01/30 SP - Various p. AB - A project to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner, incorporating the requirements of several steamship operators, culminated in the formulation of final preliminary designs for the Matson Navigation Company, United States Lines, Inc., and American Export Lines, Inc. This report contains the final baseline design specifications for American Export Lines, Inc. Information presented includes: an inboard profile and deck plan; machinery arrangements; midship section plan; estimated speed; preliminary flooding curves; and a stability estimate. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8849 and AN 8851 through AN 8854. KW - American export lines, inc KW - Cargo ships KW - Requirements KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656727 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 5: FINAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR MATSON NAVIGATION COMPANY PY - 1976/01/30 SP - Various p. AB - A project to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner, incorporating the requirements of several steamship operators, culminated in the formulation of final preliminary designs for the Matson Navigation Company, United States Lines, Inc., and American Export Lines, Inc. This report contains the final baseline specifications for the Matson Navigation Company. Information presented includes: an inboard profile and deck plan; machinery arrangement; midship section plan; estimated speed; preliminary flooding curves; and a stability estimate. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8850, and AN 8852 through AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Matson Navigation Company KW - Requirements KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657982 AU - Pfund, P A AU - North, D C AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME FUEL ASSEMBLY MECHANICAL AND HYDRAULIC EVALUATION PY - 1976/01/30 AB - This report describes the results of mechanical and hydraulic evaluations of the fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core designed for maritime applications. Tests were carried out to assess the following aspects of fuel assembly operation: natural frequency and damping; torsional and cantilever bending; dynamic and static deflection; pressure drop and lift-off; flow induced vibration; relative motion between fuel rod and spacer grid; and spacer grid cyclic strength. KW - Hydraulics KW - Mechanical tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Performance evaluations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656729 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 6: FINAL PROJECT REPORT PY - 1976/01/30 SP - 15 p. AB - This document constitutes a Final Report on a project whose purpose was to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner. The four steamship operators participating in the project were: American Export Lines, Inc.; Farrell Lines; Inc.; Matson Navigation Company; and United States Lines, Inc. This volume briefly outlines the scope of the project, reviews the various research tasks that were undertaken, summarizes the features of the design developed for each operator, and explains why the Farrell Lines C8-S-85d Design was selected as the baseline design. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8852 and AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Overviews KW - Requirements KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656728 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 5: FINAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR UNITED STATES LINES, INC. PY - 1976/01/30 SP - Various p. AB - A project to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner, incorporating the requirements of several steamship operators, culminated in the formulation of final preliminary designs for the Matson Navigation Company, United States Lines, Inc., and American Export Lines, Inc. This report contains the final baseline design specifications for United States Lines, Inc. Information presented includes: an inboard profile and deck plan; machinery arrangement; midship section plan; estimated speed; preliminary flooding curves; and a stability estimate. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8851, AN 8853 and AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Requirements KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - United States Lines KW - Vehicle design KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167780 AU - Maritime Administration AU - General Electric TI - HIGH PERFORMANCE REHEAT MARINE STEAM PROPULSION PLANT. PHASE T2 - I PY - 1976/01/30 SP - 101 p. AB - This report discusses heat balances for full power and 70% power which will be compared to balances to be done in phase 2 to evaluate gains due to cycle changes. Available information was assembled on high temperature materials. Parametric studies were made of stresses in wheels and buckets taking into account centrifugal effects and steam forces. Preliminary studies were made on machinery arrangements of HP and IP turbine(s). Calculations were made of thermal performance to determine influence of number of stages, diameter, rotational speed, etc. on the design of HP and IP turbines. Auxiliary turbine designs were roughed out. KW - Boilers KW - Design KW - Heat balance KW - Propulsion plants KW - Reheat boilers KW - Reheat turbines KW - Reheating KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbine design KW - Steam turbines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656725 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 4: PRELIMINARY BASELINE DESIGNS PY - 1976/01/09 SP - Various p. AB - This volume reports on Task 4 of a project whose purpose was to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner. The four steamship operators participating in the project were: American Export Lines, Inc.; Farrell Lines, Inc.; Matson Navigation Company; and United States Lines, Inc. The objectives of Task 4 were to prepare a preliminary baseline design for the ship that meets the requirements of the maximum number of participating operators and to develop a construction cost estimate for the baseline ship. For related documents, see AN 8846 through AN 8848 and AN 8850 through AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Requirements KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130519 AU - Maritime Transportation Research Board AU - Maritime Administration AU - Office of Naval Research AU - Department of Transportation TI - TOWARD AN IMPROVED U.S. MERCHANT MARINE: A RECOMMENDED PROGRAM OF STUDIES PY - 1976/01 SP - 105 p. AB - This report describes the development and current status of the U.S. merchant marine with special emphasis on the influences of government, management, labor, and users. The report describes a wide spectrum of maritime activities, including the roles of various government agencies, the organization and effectiveness of U.S. merchant marine management, the structure and impact of labor-management relations, the reaction of current and potential users. The recommendations are listed in priority order and range from major research on the effects of bilateral trade policies to less comprehensive studies on the ways and means of encouraging the study of ocean transportation in major colleges of business administration. Recommendations are also made for studies in marketing, labor relations, and government activities. KW - Competition KW - Conference operations KW - Fleet management KW - Foreign KW - Freight markets KW - Freight traffic KW - International competition KW - Labor relations KW - Markets KW - National shipping policies KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Shipping conferences KW - Trade KW - Trade policies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070582 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Chemical waste incinerator ship project : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070581 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Title IX vessels engaged in offshore oil and gas drilling operations : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659607 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE: A BRIEF HISTORY PY - 1976 SP - 7 p. AB - The history of the U.S. Merchant Marine is related from colonial days to the present. The relationship that exists between the government and the Merchant Marine is examined. KW - History KW - Merchant marine KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146761 AU - Temple, Barker, and Sloane, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - NATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING CONFERENCE ON U.S. FLAG BULK SHIPPING, JULY 12-14, 1976 PY - 1976 SP - 73 p. AB - The report presents the results and suggestions for improving the U.S. flag bulk shipping operations. Objectives of the conference and results covered are: to promote understanding of the issues that influence U.S.-flag participation in bulk trades, to increase shipper awareness of available government aids designed to stimulate U.S.-flag dry bulk shipping, and to provide individual comments to MarAd. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk trade flows KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Commercial transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Labor market KW - Marketing KW - Meetings KW - National shipping policies KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Subsidies KW - Trade KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143309 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR DIESEL MERCHANT SHIP CONSTRUCTION PY - 1976 SP - 395 p. AB - The report presents specifications designed to establish levels of quality as a benchmark for construction-differential subsidy; identify current requirements of regulatory bodies; reflect latest technological developments; indicate means of standardization to encourage mass production techniques; and, to introduce the use of SI (Syteme International d'Unites) metric system to the United States shipbuilding industry. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel propulsion KW - Hulls KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Metric system KW - Propulsion KW - Revisions KW - Ship design KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship structural components KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141209 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION CHEMICAL WASTE INCINERATOR SHIP PROJECT. VOLUME I. PY - 1976 SP - 383 p. AB - The report describes the monitoring activities undertaken to evaluate ocean incineration as a disposal method. It also includes comments presented by different organizations and concerned firms regarding the suitability of this method of disposal. KW - Air pollution KW - Incinerators KW - Stack gas emissions KW - Stack gases KW - Waste disposal KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657978 AU - Delta Steamship Lines, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - LASH FEEDER SYSTEMS PY - 1975/12/31 SP - 260 p. AB - This document reports on research carried out by Delta Steamship Lines to examine the feasibility of establishing LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) feeder systems in the areas of the Great Lakes, the Atlantic Coast, the Gulf Coast, the Mississippi River, the Carribbean, and West Africa. The objective of the feeder systems would be to facilitate the interchange of barges to be carried aboard mother-vessels within a worldwide LASH operational network. The research effort included financial analyses, surveys of shippers and LASH operators, shipping volume projections, and port operational studies. KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Caribbean Sea KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Great Lakes KW - Gulf Coast (United States) KW - Gulf of Mexico KW - LASH barges KW - Lash ships KW - Mississippi River KW - West Africa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656724 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 2: DATA ON CANDIDATE DESIGNS PY - 1975/12/19 SP - Various p. AB - This volume reports on Task 2 of a project whose purpose was to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner. The four steamship operators participating in the project were: American Export Lines, Inc.; Farrell Lines, Inc.; Matson Navigation Company; and United States Lines, Inc. The Task 2 report presents data on potential designs selected by each of the operators in the form of small-scale arrangement plans and tabulations of ship characteristics. For related documents, see AN 8846, AN 8847, and AN 8849 through AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Requirements KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656723 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSOLIDATED CARGO-LINER DESIGN, TASK 1: CATALOG OF DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PY - 1975/12/15 SP - 24 p. AB - This volume reports on Task 1 of a project whose purpose was to develop a consolidated design for a cargo liner. The four steamship operators participating in the project were: American Export Lines, Inc.; Farrell Lines, Inc.; Matson Navigation Company; and United States Lines, Inc. Task 1 consisted of obtaining the liner design requirements of each of the participants. This information was transcribed into standard forms which are reproduced in this document. For related documents, see AN 8846 and AN 8848 through AN 8854. KW - Cargo ships KW - Requirements KW - Ship design KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Ships KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design KW - Vessel descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656956 AU - Marine Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARITIME SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON THE U.S. MERCHANT FLEET PY - 1975/12/05 SP - 114 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to illustrate the economic benefits that can be effected in U.S. vessel operations through the use of maritime satellite communications. A cost-benefit approach was used in the analysis of ship operating costs for various fleet management reporting techniques. Baseline costs and revenues for 1974 are presented for three U.S. merchant fleet liner types and for three tanker sizes representative of those in use by the U.S. flag fleet. The estimated per-ship investment and operating costs for maritime satellite communications are also presented. The discussion of potential economic benefits centers around activities of Phase 3 of the U.S. Maritime Administration's Maritime Satellite Communications Test Programs. This phase involved fleet management tests conducted during 1973-74 by shipping company program participants and the provision of government service agency information such as navigational warnings and weather forecasts to these participants via satellite, through the Maritime Coordination Center in Kings Point, Long Island, New York. KW - Economic analysis KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operating costs KW - Satellite communication KW - Savings KW - Ships KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657886 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (FIRST): CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT PY - 1975/12 SP - Various p. AB - This report documents the conceptual design for the Financial Information and Retrieval System (FIRST). The objective of FIRST is to provide a means for the analysis and evaluation of maritime industry financial and operational data for the mututal benefit of the industry, subsidized vessel operators, and the Maritime Administration. KW - Accounting KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Government/industry relations KW - Maritime industry KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subsidies KW - System descriptions KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658076 AU - Market Facts, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME MARKETING STRATEGY MODEL PY - 1975/12 SP - Various p. AB - The Maritime Marketing Strategy Model has been developed to provide carrier management with reliable and relatively quick estimates of the impact of different marketing strategy alternatives. The model is based on proprietary methodology that has been applied in nearly 100 projects for major U.S. corporations. It is constructed from a sample of 740 shippers and freight forwarders. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Competition KW - Freight forwarders KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Profitability KW - Shippers KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166761 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER. MARITIME DESIGN STUDY FOR 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER. VOLUME 3. SHIP SAFETY PY - 1975/12 SP - 379 p. AB - The study extended over a period of approximately six months. In terms of budgetary estimates, an economic evaluation was performed for ship construction cost, ship refueling and drydocking cost, first of a kind ship construction cost, ship manning cost, and contingencies. Additionally, recommendations are made as a result of the ship safety studies. KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Docking KW - Drydocking KW - Economic analysis KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Manning requirements KW - Marine nuclear propulsion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Radiation hazards KW - Radiation shielding KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Refueling KW - Safety KW - Ship construction costs KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166759 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER. MARITIME DESIGN STUDY FOR 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER. VOLUME 1. PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS (MOD 1) PY - 1975/12 SP - 505 p. AB - The study extended over a period of approximately six months. The principal objectives of the study were to develop the preliminary design for a 600,000 DWT nuclear powered ULCC, perform ship safety analyses, develop a preliminary quality assurance program, develop a ship construction schedule of key events, develop the shipyard/reactor manufacturer scope of supply, define the interfaces specifically related to the nuclear propulsion plant. In terms of budgetary estimates, an economic evaluation was performed for ship construction cost, ship refueling and drydocking cost, first of a kind ship construction cost, ship manning cost, and contingencies. Additionally, recommendations are made as a result of the ship safety studies. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Docking KW - Drydocking KW - Drydocks KW - Economic analysis KW - Marine nuclear propulsion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Refueling KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Ship construction costs KW - Ship construction specifications KW - Shipbuilding KW - Specifications KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166760 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER. MARITIME DESIGN STUDY FOR 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER. VOLUME 2. PRELIMINARY DESIGN PY - 1975/12 SP - 236 p. AB - The study extended over a period of approximately six months. The principal objectives of the study were to develop the preliminary design for a 600,000 DWT nuclear powered ULCC, perform ship safety analyses, develop a preliminary quality assurance program, develop a ship construction schedule of key events, develop the shipyard/reactor manufacturer scope of supply, define the interfaces specifically related to the nuclear propulsion plant. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drydocks KW - Economic analysis KW - Marine nuclear propulsion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Refueling KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Ship construction costs KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166762 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER. MARITIME DESIGN STUDY FOR 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER. VOLUME 4. ENGINEERING AND PRODUCTION SUPPORT PY - 1975/12 SP - 170 p. AB - The study extended over a period of approximately six months. The principal objectives of the study were to develop the preliminary design for a 600,000 DWT nuclear power ULCC, perform ship safety analyses, develop a preliminary quality assurance program, develop a ship construction schedule of key events, develop the shipyard/reactor manufacturer scope of supply, define the interfaces specifically related to the nuclear propulsion plant. KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Logistics KW - Marine nuclear propulsion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Process control KW - Procurement KW - Propulsion KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Safety KW - Ship construction costs KW - Shipbuilding KW - Statistical quality control KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148500 AU - Boswell, R J AU - Nelka, J J AU - Kader, R D AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TI - EXPERIMENTAL SPINDLE TORQUE AND OPEN-WATER PERFORMANCE OF TWO SKEWED CONTROLLABLE-PITCH PROPELLERS PY - 1975/12 SP - 178 p. AB - Experimental results are presented on the spindle torque and open-water performance of two skewed controllable-pitch propellers. Both propellers have radial distributions of skew specified so that the section midchord is forward of the spindle axis at the inner radii and aft of the spindle axis at the outer radii. One propeller has no rake and the other has substantial forward rake. The experiments were conducted at steady conditions in uniform flow in a towing basin over a range of positive and negative pitch ratios and a range of positive and negative advance coefficients so that the complete maneuvering envelope of the ship was simulated in a quasi-steady manner. The experimental open-water performance was correlated with calculated values based on a least-squares fit to previous systematic experimental data. The correlation indicates that the calculation procedure may be adequate for preliminary dynamic simulation studies in cases where open-water data are not available on a similar model propeller. The experimental hydrodynamic spindle torque results are generally consistent with previously reported experimental results. These results suggest that realistic highly skewed propellers can be designed with spindle torque characteristics comparable to those of equivalent propellers without significant skew. No definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the effect of forward rake on spindle torque. The experimental values of centrifugal spindle torque generally agreed with analytically calculated values over a range of pitch ratios. KW - Controllable pitch propellers KW - Open water tests KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Skewed propellers KW - Spindle moments KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659087 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP CASUALTY ANALYSIS, VOLUME 1 PY - 1975/11/20 SP - Various p. AB - This report is an analysis of 127 monthly reports for 1964-1974 of ships over 3,000 gross tons from the Liverpool Underwriters Association. Casualties caused by collisions, specifically for three proposed nuclear ship routes were studied worldwide. It was found that collisions and groundings remained constant for this period, while world fleets increased. The data collected for nuclear ship routes were used in a report on probability of collisions on selected routes. KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - International KW - Marine safety KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143328 AU - Minorsky, V U AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIP CASUALTY ANALYSIS PY - 1975/11/20 SP - 260 p. AB - 127 monthly casualty return sheets 1964-1974 from the Liverpool Underwriters Association were analyzed for ships over 2,000 gross tons. Casualties were studied world wide, with special interest in casualties deriving from collisions, and more specifically for three proposed nuclear ship routes. It was found that collisions and groundings remained constant for this period while world fleet increased. In the period there were 831 ships in collision, 850 groundings and 477 fires. The data collected for nuclear ship routes were used in a report on probability of collisions on selected routes, 5516-5. KW - Casualties KW - Casualty data KW - Collision statistics KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Fires KW - Groundings (Maritime crashes) KW - Hulls KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Prevention KW - Radar KW - Research KW - Routes KW - Safety KW - Ship casualties KW - Ship hulls KW - Ships KW - Sonar KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Traffic safety KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Water transportation crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658073 AU - Lorain Electronics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM OF THE GREAT LAKES LAKES-WIDE ALL-VHF AUTOMATED RADIOTELEPHONE SYSTEM: SPECIFICATION REPORT PY - 1975/11 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes the prototype system of the Great Lakes Lakes-Wide All VHF Automated Radiotelephone System. Topics covered include: locations of the shore stations; automation of the control center; equipment for the ship stations; calling procedures; and system maintenance. KW - Communications KW - Great Lakes KW - Prototypes KW - Radio KW - Radio telephone KW - Ship to shore KW - System descriptions KW - Very high frequency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657354 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - Ruth, L C AU - Woo, E L AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE SEAWORTHINESS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BARGE TRAIN PY - 1975/11 SP - 62 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments conducted with a system of models of four semirigidly linked river barges, referred to as the Barge Train. The linkage connectors permit relative pitch freedom and some relative heave displacement, but considerable restraint is provided for all other relative motions. Following are some of the most important results of the investigation. Barge linkage connector configuration 3 resulted in considerably larger motions and forces than did connector configurations 1 or 2, while the heave acceleration of the barges are smallest for connector configuration 1. The most severe moments and forces measured during the entire experiment were at the 120 degree heading. When the ratio of wave length to Barge A length equaled 1.75 and the wave steepness was 1/50, barges B and C began to collide with each other and the connectors between them were severely bent. The Barge Train motions are greatest at the 120 degree heading. For most of the conditions, the forces and moments at the connectors between barges B and C were larger than for any of the other connectors. KW - Barge couplings KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Heaving KW - Motion KW - Oscillation KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Rolling KW - Seakeeping KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural models KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169664 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - Ruth, L C AU - Woo, E L AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE SEAWORTHINESS CHARACTERISTICS OF FLEXIBLY CONNECTED BARGE TRAINS PY - 1975/11 SP - 65 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments conducted with a system of models of four semirigidly linked river barges which is referred to as the Barge Train. The linkage connectors permit relative pitch freedom and some relative heave displacement; but considerable restraint is provided for all other relative motions. Some of the more important results of the investigation are: (a) Barge linkage connector configuration 3 resulted in considerably larger motions and forces than did connector configurations 1 or 2; while the heave acceleration of the barges are smallest for connector configuration 1. (b) The most severe moments and forces measured during the entire experiment were at the 120 degree heading. For /LA = 1.75 and at a wave steepness of 1/50, barges B and C began to collide with each other and the connectors between them were severely bent. (c) The Barge Train motions are greatest at the 120 degree heading. (d) For most of the conditions, the forces and moments at the connectors between barges B and C were larger than for any of the other connectors. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white) KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Heave response KW - Heaving KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Model basins KW - Motion KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Roll KW - Roll response KW - Rolling KW - Seakeeping KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural models KW - Tugboats KW - Yaw KW - Yaw UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147558 AU - Glosser, R P AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF HELICAL CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR (CNSG) TUBES AND SUPPORTS PY - 1975/11 AB - Results derived from the experimental phase of the helical steam generator tube support evaluation program are presented. The objective was to evaluate prototype steam generator tubes and proposed supports based on tube vibration criteria, and to verify results derived earlier during the analytical phase. In-air and flow-induced vibration tests were performed. Tube vibration characteristics were obtained as a function of support spacing and degree of fixty. Response of helical tubes under simulated CNSG flow conditions was also studied. Results associating tube natural frequency, displacement, support fixity, and tube span length were significant. Acceptable flow-induced tube vibration characteristics were also observed. Experimental results also agreed favorably with corresponding analytical predictions. An adequate tube support design and spacing arrangement was identified. However, additional testing is required to predict life expectancy. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that analytical techniques developed to investigate response of helical tubes under various support and excitation conditions are valid. KW - Boiler tube supports KW - Boiler tube vibration KW - Consolidated nuclear steam generators KW - Flow KW - Flow induced vibration KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145905 AU - Northern California Ports & Terminals Bureau, Inc AU - Policy Planning Consultants AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRADE OUTLOOK OF THE NORTHERN CALIFORNIA PORTS: YEAR 2000 AND BEYOND PY - 1975/11 SP - 171 p. AB - The study is an analysis of the economic, political and technical forces that influence the development of ocean-borne trade and provide the basis for projections of various categories of dry cargo tonnages. The analysis indicated the relationship of world trade, United States trade, Pacific Coast trade, and the ocean-borne trade that passes through the ports of Northern California and the Golden Gate of San Francisco Bay. The projections made include prediction intervals to encompass variable forces that might operate in the future. Color illustrations reproduced in black and white. KW - Bulk cargo KW - California KW - Capacity KW - Cargo transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Harbors KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Planning KW - Port operations KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - San Francisco Bay KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658264 AU - Fee, J J AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPTIMAL ELEMENT SITING FOR SHORT BASELINE SURFACE POSITIONING SYSTEMS PY - 1975/10 SP - 17 p. AB - A procedure for determining the optimum sites for the shore-based elements of a surface navigation system, subject to constraints upon allowable locations, is derived. The procedure is then implemented as a computer algorithm for a simplified range measurement system, and several numerical examples of site optimization in the presence of constraints are treated. KW - Algorithms KW - Location KW - Navigation systems KW - Onshore KW - Optimization KW - Positioning KW - Positioning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649914 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2E: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF PHASE 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS-- CONTAINERSHIP PY - 1975/10 SP - 250 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2E was to evaluate the findings and recommendations of the Phase 1 study by observation of actual operations aboard a steam-driven containership. The report describes the organization, manning, skills, procedures, and equipment used to carry out operational, maintenance, and administrative functions on board the containership; compares this observed data with data obtained in the Phase 1 study; and analyzes the impact of the differences noted on the validity of the Phase 1 findings and recommendations. The evaluation confirms the need for upgrading crew skills, particularly in the area of operation and maintenance of automated systems; for cross-training in skills necessary to meet peak manpower requirements; and, for improving shipboard and shore training to meet the needs of modern and advanced technology systems. Significant new findings and recommendations stemming from observation aboard this particular vessel concern the need for improved systems for embarking and disembarking pilots and for handling gangways; the excessive effort required to receive, identify, and stow engineering spare parts and materials; the absence of sufficient work to justify the need for a purser; the detrimental effects of frequent changes in personnel; the reduction in effectiveness stemming from the advanced age and physical impairment of some crewmen; and, the need for studies and tests to develop new concepts in shipboard work structures and social systems. KW - Automation KW - Containerships KW - Crew stability KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Pilot transfer KW - Ship management KW - Ship operations KW - Shipboard organization KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151330 AU - Rudlowski, G AU - Moffatt, W AU - General Dynamics AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPROVED FABRICATION PRIMER FOR PROTECTION OF STEEL PY - 1975/10 SP - 285 p. AB - Twenty-five of the leading pre-fabrication primers utilized by shipyards were evaluated for the following: ease of application, suitability w/auto spray equipment, protection, effects of various climates, compatibility with top coats, weldability, and ease of repair. The report contains the results of these evaluations. KW - Coating performance KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion protection KW - Evaluation KW - Materials and structures protection KW - Metal protection KW - Metals KW - Primers (Materials) KW - Protective coatings KW - Shipbuilding KW - Steel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658039 AU - Wheaton, J W AU - Teledyne Materials Research AU - Maritime Administration TI - INSTRUMENTATION PLAN: COOPERATIVE US/USSR RESEARCH PROGRAM ON OCEAN WAVE SPECTRA AND LOADS ON SHIPS AT SEA PY - 1975/08/25 SP - Various p. AB - The planning phase of a long-range program of research in the areas of ocean wave spectra and the response of ship structures, to be conducted jointly with the USSR, has been initiated by the Maritime Administration. The long-range program would enable naval architects to understand more completely the relationship of ship response to wave loadings, and thus to be able to develop improved wave loading criteria and more rational strength criteria for structural design and analysis of ocean shipping. Both nations are considering initiation of a multiship instrumentation project to investigate the relationship between these elements. The present report is the first of two which will describe the plan for this program. This report explains the philosophy behind the approach, the considerations involved in various types of instrumentation, and the proposed method for reducing and presenting the data. Where possible, specific recommendations are made for transducers and recording equipment so that a realistic estimate of program cost can be made. KW - Cooperation KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Instrumentation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Loads KW - Research KW - Ship motion KW - Ship response KW - Transducers KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657355 AU - Marine Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FLEET MANAGEMENT TESTS, PHASE 3: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1975/08 SP - 29 p. AB - This report describes tests that were conducted with two U.S.-flag ships equipped with L-band satellite terminals, utilizing NASA's ATS-6 satellite. The document is limited to the fleet management aspects of the tests in which teletype and facsimile reports were exchanged among the two participating ships, their respective shipping company offices and the MarAd Maritime Coordination Center. Results of the fleet management tests are summarized statistically by type of report transmitted and are also discussed in narrative form. Recommendations for methods of improving future applications are presented. KW - Fleet management KW - Satellite applications KW - Satellite communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00157156 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT INFORMATION SOURCES PY - 1975/08 SP - 56 p. AB - This compilation of port information sources has been prepared by the Maritime Administration as an aid to individuals and organizations seeking information on ports in the United States and throughout the world. It is not intended to be an all-inclusive inventory of port information sources. The listing does present, however, an overview of the many publications and organizations, both government and private, where information on ports and the port industry can be obtained. The bibliography of port-related publications is divided into sections according to subject matter. Many of the publications deal with ports in general terms. For convenience, those sources which offer current satistics about ports or specific details on terminal facilities are included under the category "Reference and Annual" publications. The names and addresses of private organizations that deal with the port industry are included as sources, as well as a listing of the organizational units in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government with functional responsibilities that affect our Nation's ports. Brief summaries of each agency's responsibilities, taken for the most part from the 1974-75 edition of the United States Government Manual, are also included. These summaries of agency responsibilities should be useful in pinpointing those Federal agencies where specific port-related information might be sought. The listing of Federal agencies is divided into sections--Regulatory, Inspection, and General--according to the nature of the agency's involvement with ports. KW - Construction KW - Container terminals KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Design KW - Development KW - Information systems KW - Pollution KW - Port construction KW - Port design KW - Port operations KW - Port pollution KW - Ports KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650438 AU - Evans, R M AU - Meister, R P AU - Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus Laboratories AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - APPLICABILITY OF FIRECRACKER WELDING TO SHIP PRODUCTION PY - 1975/07/31 SP - 119 p. AB - Firecracker welding is a particular version of the shielded metal- arc welding process. In this technique standard electrodes are used to automatically produce welds by placing them in the groove, starting the arc, and allowing it to travel along the joint. An investigation of firecracker welding was conducted to establish the procedures, specify the operating parameters and define the consumables for its use in shipyards. KW - Electric arc welding KW - Electrodes KW - Firecracker welding KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Shielded arc welding KW - Shipbuilding KW - Welding KW - Welding electrodes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657952 AU - Pratt, G L AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS PY - 1975/07 SP - 45 p. AB - This study consists of an investigation of the legislative requirements for environmental impact statements, identification of Federal agencies that review Maritime Administration-generated environmental impact statements, and a listing of organizations with support capability in developing and preparing these statements. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Federal government KW - Legal factors KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00138727 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CURRICULUM ON MARINE POLLUTION ABATEMENT PY - 1975/07 SP - 22 p. AB - This Curriculum has been prepared as an instructional aid and guide for students on the serious subject of pollution prevention and protection of the environment as related to his occupation and responsibilities as a professional seafarer. The intent is to convey, through instruction, a general understanding of the various types and sources of marine pollution, preventive measures, and the national and international laws and regulations for the control of marine pollution. The Curriculum is divided into ten Sections covering; (1) Description of Marine Environment; (2) Types of Marine Pollution; (3) Biological Effects and the Fate of Pollutants in the Marine Environment; (4) Oil Pollution; (5) National Statutes and Regulations for the Control of Oil Pollution; (6) International Agreements, Conventions and Treaties on the Control of Oil Pollution; (7) Control of Pollution from Sewage and Garbage; (8) Air Pollution (Smoke); (9) Hazardous Substances (Bulk Liquids other than Oil); and (10) National Clean Up and Bilateral Contingency Plans. Each Section contains a list of suggested reference material and visual aids, notes for the instructor and an estimate of the class hours required. KW - Crew training (Deck) KW - Crew training (Engine) KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Pollution control KW - Ship crews KW - Training KW - Training courses (Pollution control) KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661205 AU - Wheaton, J W AU - Teledyne Engineering Services AU - Maritime Administration TI - INSTRUMENTATION OF M/V ROGER BLOUGH, SECOND SEASON (1974-1975) PY - 1975/06/06 SP - 120 p. AB - This report presents data acquired during the second season of operations aboard the M/V ROGER BLOUGH and summarizes the results from the first short season. The BLOUGH was instrumented for bending stress measurements at three deck locations in 1973, and data were recorded through 1974. The results from this first season showed a maximum peak-to-trough stress of 16,350 psi. Of 200 half-hour data intervals recorded, only 4 had stresses exceeding 10,000 psi. The springing period was determined to be about 2.4 seconds. Over 1,000 intervals were recorded during the second season, from 1974 to 1975. Only 3 intervals had springing stresses exceeding 14,000 psi, peak- to-trough, and the maximum springing stress was just over 20,000 psi. The combined stress was 23,800 psi. This report presents histograms of the distribution of various stress levels, examples of recorded combined, springing, and wave-induced waveforms, parametric studies of the effects of relative wave direction, and oscillographic records of loading and unloading stress patterns. KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull stress KW - Hull surveillance KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - Ore carriers KW - Roger blough (Vessel) KW - Springing KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168751 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 4. DIRECT REVERSING TURBINE DEVELOPMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME B. TEST VEHICLE ASSEMBLY AND TESTING PY - 1975/06/01 SP - 232 p. AB - This document describes part of the work performed within Task 4, Direct Reversing Gas Turbine Development, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. This Volume B of the Task 4 Final Report covers reversing turbine test vehicle assembly and system level testing; work done in the design, development and component testing of same is presented in companion Volume A. Task efforts have developed an assembly of parts to simulate a reversing marine gas turbine that has minimum effects on ahead performance, maintenance and reliability of the overall propulsion system. This has been attained via the design and development of this test vehicle, a modified GE-GTPD model MS-3002 (11,000 HP) gas turbine to which was added the specially designed load turbine. This test vehicle was used to empirically evaluate the reversing turbine concept. The test vehicle was assembled and subjected to extensive system-level testing that demonstrated the direct reversing turbine concept. All test objectives were met. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Components KW - Design KW - Equipment tests KW - Gas turbines KW - Manufacturing KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine design KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168757 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 3. FUEL CONDITIONING SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME A. DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC FUEL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENT PY - 1975/06/01 SP - 226 p. AB - This document describes part of the work performed within Task 3, Fuel Conditioning System Improvement, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. This Volume A of the Task 3 final report covers the development of the automatic fuel analysis instrument, with work on the total fuel conditioning system being presented in Volume B. Task efforts culminated with the assembly and successful testing of the prototype of the automatic fuel analysis instrument (needed to make the optimum viable automatic marine fuel treatment system a reality). This instrument is based on an RF plasma technique. An aerosol of residual fuel droplets are continuously introduced into an RF plasma (argon) to produce the characteristic spectral lines of the critical trace elements within the fuel. An optical background correction system coupled to a small computer signal processing system extracts the signals and converts them into a direct read-out. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Chemical analysis KW - Control devices KW - Fuel processing KW - Fuels KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Process control KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Sampling KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658745 AU - American Export Lines, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - EBBS--EXPORT BOOKING & BILLING SYSTEM, PHASE 1 PY - 1975/06 AB - This manual provides detailed information on the Export Booking & Billing System (EBBS), an on-line, interactive minicomputer system, developed by American Export Lines, Inc. EBBS begins with data acquisition in the cargo booking stage, and then proceeds through a series of fractional steps to produce a variety of reports such as booking confirmations, trucker per diem bills, advance cargo storage data, and freight bills. The functional modules, data management aspects of the system's concepts, hardware configuration, and EBBS interfaces are discussed. The manual also includes flow charts that illustrate various kinds of EBBS operations: booking; cargo; intermodal; and documentation. KW - Accounting KW - Cargo movements KW - Ebbs (Export booking & billing system) KW - Exports KW - Flow charts KW - Freight documentation KW - Freight forwarders KW - Freight forwarding KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management information systems KW - Manuals KW - Reports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649706 AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - COLLISION AVOIDANCE ANALYSIS FOR TWO SHIPS IN THE OPEN SEAS PY - 1975/06 SP - 235 p. AB - This report presents the results of the first phase of a program whose objectives are to develop and test an optimum marine collision avoidance system. This system is unique in that it accounts for ship dynamics and sensor measurement uncertainty and computes the best maneuvers for avoiding an open sea conflict. These maneuvers minimize course deviation penalty if sufficient range is available to activate them. For the "in extremis" situation, the system logic computes the maneuvers which maximize miss distance. Algorithms were derived for processing sensor input signals and computing the appropriate maneuver command. These algorithms were then tested via simulation to validate the concept. The sensitivity of various performance measures such as collision risk and false alarm rate to variations in sensor measurement errors and encounter geometry were obtained. The result is a preliminary design of a system which can substantially reduce the probability of an open sea collision. KW - Collision risk KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Optimization KW - Radar KW - Rule of the road KW - Ship encounters KW - Simulation KW - Traffic regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172373 AU - Ruthling, C AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM--STANDARD RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1975/06 SP - 26 p. AB - This report describes recommended standards to be utilized by U.S. flag carriers in the development and documentation of computer program modules implemented as part of the joint MarAd/Industry Shipping Operations Information System program. These standards include data element codes such as commodity codes, location codes, patron codes, port codes and carrier codes. KW - Cargo management KW - Coding systems KW - Commodity classification KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Shipping operations) KW - Freight documents KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Shipping KW - Shipping codes KW - Shipping operations information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047662 AU - Maritime Administration TI - ESSENTIAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN TRADE ROUTES PY - 1975/06 SP - 81 p. AB - The report enumerates those trade routes, areas, and services which the Maritime Administration has determined to be essential for the pramotion, development and expansion of the nation's foreign commerce. The publication lists the export/import tonnage of major commodities moving on the trade routes, and breaks down the totals by type of service (liner, non-liner, tanker). Also included are maps indicating the trade routes, a list of major U.S. flag shipping companies serving each route, and a short glossary of ocean shipping terminology. KW - Commodities KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - Freight traffic KW - International trade KW - International transportation KW - Trade routes KW - Water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00126038 AU - Landsburg, A C AU - Cruikshank, J M AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANKER BALLASTING-HOW LIGHT CAN YOU GO PY - 1975/05/20 SP - 71 p. AB - The report describes tanker ballasting practices and the possibilities for lower ballast operation. Current incentives investigated include the IMCO segregated ballast level construction requirement, the present high cost of fuel and better maneuverability. The constraints limiting light operation are also discussed. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Maneuverability KW - Seakeeping KW - Segregated ballast tankers KW - Tanker ballasting KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658043 AU - Computer Sciences Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEMS (SOIS) MARITIME DATA COMMUNICATIONS STUDY PY - 1975/05 SP - Various p. AB - This document is the report of a study of some of the technical and economic factors involved in building and operating a shared, internationally distributed data processing system configured to meet the special needs of the Unites States-flag shipping industry for shipping operations information. The study concludes that the design of a cost-effective system of this kind needs additional information about the management reports to be produced and the volumes of data to be processed. The study recommends a pilot study to test the concept of such a shared system and to collect the data needed for design of the worldwide system. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data communications KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Maritime industry KW - Operations KW - Shipping KW - Sois (Shipping operations information systems) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649913 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2D: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF PHASE 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS-- RO-RO/LO-LO (ROLL-ON ROLL-OFF/LIFT-ON LIFT-OFF) VESSEL WITH GAS TURBINE PLANT PY - 1975/05 SP - 238 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2D was to evaluate the findings and recommendations of the Phase 1 study by observation of actual operations aboard a gas turbine-powered (Roll-On Roll-Off/Lift-On Lift-Off) RO-RO/LO-LO vessel. The report describes the organization, manning, skills, procedures, and equipment used to carry out operational, maintenance, and administrative functions on board the RO-RO/LO-LO; compares this observed data with data obtained in the Phase 1 study; and, analyzes the impact of the differences noted on the validity of the Phase 1 findings and recommendations. The evaluation confirms the need for upgrading crew skills, particularly in the area of operation and maintenance of automated systems; for cross-training in skills necessary to meet peak manpower requirements; and for improving shipboard and shore training to meet the needs of modern and advanced technology systems. Significant new findings and recommendations stemming from observations aboard this particular vessel concern the establishment of training curricula and qualification requirements for licensed automated gas turbine plant operators; the shift in skills requirements from watchstanding to maintenance; the need for more stringent enforcement of English language requirements; the effectiveness of foreign river/harbor traffic control systems; the feasibility of cross-utilization of personnel; the need for improved bridge arrangement and equipment; and, the inadequacy of present shipboard training methods and practice. Extrapolation of the observations to advanced technology ships confirms predicted gains in safety and efficiency of operations through advanced technology systems such as the automated (one-man) bridge, unattended engine room, and satellite navigation and communication systems. KW - Automation KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Port traffic KW - Recommendations KW - Roll on roll off ships KW - Ship automation KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard organization KW - Ships KW - Training methods KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00152024 AU - Japan Ships' Machinery Development Association TI - A SUMMARY OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT WORK BY THE JAPAN SHIPS' MACHINERY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PY - 1975/05 SP - 62 p. AB - Summary of the technological developments that have been made in the field of ships machinery and in the application of these developments to ocean going ships and machinery that have been made since this organisation (Japan Ships' Machinery Development Association) came into being in June 1966. The developments have been classified to show the year in which each development took place, the companies in charge of the development, total funding for each project and the name of the chairman of each product committee and his affiliation. KW - Automation KW - Auxiliary machinery KW - Auxiliary power plants KW - Deck machinery KW - Decks (Ships) KW - Design KW - Diesel design KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric power plants KW - Foreign KW - Foreign maritime development KW - Machinery KW - Machinery automation KW - Maritime research KW - Power plant design KW - Structural design KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47971 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00098244 AU - Ricci, R J AU - Amande, MJC AU - Offshore Technology Conference TI - DEVELOPMENT IN FRANCE OF AN OFFSHORE OIL SPILL PICK-UP SYSTEM PY - 1975/05 SP - p. 563-569 AB - An off-shore oil skimmer along with required peripheral equipment has been developed by the French Government. The system is a result of efforts by the Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans (CNEXO) on the basis of the Vortex Oil Drinker developed by the Elf Petroleum Company and Bertin et Cie. The Marine Marchande has acquired four such systems to be maintained in a state of readiness to combat large off-shore spills. The devices have a capacity of up to 1,000 CPM oil collection and are designed to be rapidly towed to the site of a spill. A system description is presented along with general aspects of the development program. Preliminary shake-down trials have been conducted and sea trials with the four production units are scheduled for the immediate future. The Vortex Oil Drinker has been used in real spill incidents in the harbors of Le Havre and Brest. A description of those operations and summary of the results are also presented. U1 - 1975 Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings, Volume 1. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Oil separators KW - Oil skimmers KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oils KW - Separators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00098245 AU - Cochran, R A AU - Fraser, J P AU - Offshore Technology Conference TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILL CLEANUP OPERATIONS PY - 1975/05 SP - p. 545-555 AB - Computerized simulation provides a powerful tool for use in selection and design of oil spill control equipment. This paper describes an oil spill simulation program which enables the user to assess the effects of weather and of the performance characteristics of oil spill control equipment on the recovery of spilled oil. Results of a sample case are shown which indicate the trends which might be expected from variations in the number of skimmers used, their ability to operate to different maximum wave heights, other skimmer performance characteristics, length of time spent on the job, and size of the spill. U1 - 1975 Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings, Volume 1. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Oil skimmers KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill simulation KW - Oil spills KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153811 AU - Virtanen, J AU - JOHANSSON, B AU - Makinen, E AU - Wartsila Shipyard TI - GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER SERIES ICE RESISTANCE MODEL TESTS-- DRAFT VARIATION PY - 1975/04/15 SP - 90 p. AB - This work is an extension of the test series reported in WIMB Report No. 18 "Great Lakes Ore Carrier Series Ice Model Test Program" which covered model tests of nine different hull forms of which eight formed a systematic series with bow form, ship length and ship beam as parameters. This report covers the testing of two draft modifications for one hull with bow angles and main dimensions kept constant. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Fluid resistance KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice resistance KW - Icebreaking KW - Model testing KW - Resistance (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091763 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARINE GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS MANUAL. VOLUME I. HEAVY-DUTY GAS TURBINE DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND APPLICATION DATA PY - 1975/04/01 SP - 178 p. AB - This document describes a part of the work performed within Task 8, Marine Systems Engineering and Analysis of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. The costs of this program are shared equally by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration and the General Electric Company, Gas Turbine Products Division. This document represents one of three volumes of the Task 8 Final Report. It presents Vol. I, Design, Performance and Application Data of the Marine Gas Turbine Applications Manual developed in this task. This specific volume covers gas turbine design parameters, performance, and application data to permit owners, naval architects, and shipyards to select the correct gas turbine and to evaluate performance of the integrated system. KW - Competitive propulsion systems KW - Components KW - Control devices KW - Design KW - Electric power generation KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Propulsion plant selection KW - Regenerators KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657584 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - Woo, E L AU - Naval Ship Research and Development Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN-GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS, PHASE 2--EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CONCEPT DESIGNS: PART B, SEAWORTHINESS EXPERIMENTS (CONCEPT 3) PY - 1975/04 SP - 44 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments and undocking maneuvers conducted with the Concept III tug/barge design. This concept is quite similar to the Concept II design in that the same barge and pin location was used and relative pitch freedom was permitted. Some of the more important results of the investigation: (1) The Concept III forces and moments larger than those for Concept II, with the vertical and transverse forces showing the largest increase; (2) The Concept III relative pitch, tub pitch and tug/barge roll motions larger than those of Concept II; and (3) Optimum undocking of the tug was only accomplished when the pins were retracted at a point of minimum motion and force, followed by prompt backing of the tug before considerable motion could develop. KW - Maneuvering KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship motion KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320590 AU - Maritime Administration TI - VORTEX-RELATED ACCIDENTS OVER THE TEN YEAR PERIOD 1964-73 PY - 1975/04 AB - Out of the approximately 45,000 aviation accidents that occurred over the 10-year period 1964-73, in the conterminous United States, wake vortices have been cited as a cause or as factor in 147 accidents by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). These vortex-related accidents have been studied and categorized (by flight phases of the vortex-generating aircraft and the accident aircraft, and other pertinint factors) in this report with the objective of providing historical insight to the Wake Vortex Avoidance System (WVAS) development program. A secondary objective was to explore the possibility of procedural solutions to the vortex problem in various situations. KW - Air KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149330 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - Woo, E L AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS: PART B, SEAWORTHINESS EXPERIMENTS (CONCEPT III) PY - 1975/04 SP - 43 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments and undocking maneuvers conducted with the concept III tug/barge design. This concept is quite similar to the concept II design in that the same barge and pin location was used and relative pitch freedom was permitted. Some of the more important results of the investigation are: (a) The Concept III forces and moments are larger than those for Concept II, with the vertical and transverse forces showing the largest increase. (b) The Concept III relative pitch, tub pitch and tug/barge roll motions are larger than those of Concept II. (c) Optimum undocking of the tug was only accomplished when the pins were retracted at a point of minimum motion and force, followed by prompt backing of the tug before considerable motion could develop. KW - Backing (Driving) KW - Barges KW - Driving KW - Maneuvering KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship motion KW - Tug barge linkage KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148468 AU - Sheldon, L R AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - SEAKEEPING MODEL TESTS OF THREE MODERN BULK CARRIER HULL FORMS PY - 1975/04 SP - 110 p. AB - The results of a series of seakeeping tests on three models are presented. The models represent modern high block coefficient bulk carrier hull forms. Each model was tested at three loading conditions corresponding to full load, minimum ballast condition based on IMCO requirements and at ballast condition somewhat less than required by IMCO. The program for each model included roll decay tests, induced roll tests, beam sea tests and head sea tests. The results are presented in a form which can be used to validate analytical predictions of seakeeping behavior or to make direct predictions of seakeeping performance. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Damping (Engineering) KW - Roll damping KW - Roll response KW - Rolling KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658067 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED TUG-BARGE SYSTEMS PY - 1975/03/31 AB - This report describes the development of a computer model for economic and operational analysis of integrated tug-barge systems that was to be capable of (1) generating or designing a parametric array of feasible integrated tug-barge units over a specified size and speed range, operating on any specified trade route under any specified physical and economic conditions and carrying any commodity within four basic cargo cartegories; (2) calculating the transport economics in terms of the required freight rate for any combination of the above parameters; and (3) providing data for optimizing the design for any requirement on the basis of the required freight rate criterion. KW - Computer programs KW - Economic analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Integrated tug barge systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operations KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145850 AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Reid, Middleton and Associates, Incorporated AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 2. PORT FACILITIES INVENTORY PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 264 p. AB - This port facilities inventory is a comprehensive source of facility information describing the 12 public ports located in the state of Washington and the Port of Portland which are engaged in deep-water oceanborne commerce. A major objective of the inventory has been to provide a data base describing the physical characteristics of each of the deep-water cargo ports of interest in the study. This inventory includes a detailed description of deep-water cargo terminal facilities of public ports in the region, including a discussion of geographic, navigational, and transportation aspects of the waterborne commerce presently moving through the ports. The inventory presents facility data in narrative and tabular summary form. Maps are included showing the locations of principal facilities at each port. KW - Columbia River KW - Descriptions KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Facilities KW - Harbors KW - Inventory KW - Maps KW - Marine terminals KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Operations KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Regions KW - Seaports KW - Snake River KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145847 AU - NICKELS, F J AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 5. MARINE-PORT TECHNOLOGY FORECASTS AND DEMAND ANALYSES PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 129 p. AB - Technological developments embodies in the ships engaged in trade with a particular region do not arise from local conditions but more in response to conditions existing on trade routes around the world. Exceptions are vessels primarily engaged in local coastwise or internal trades. Limitations of ports, volume of commerce, and certain commercial practices, such as maintenance of frequent schedules, will determine which ships in the world fleet will actually serve the region. The projected existence of more efficient ships in the world fleet that would not serve the region because of port limitations may be an incentive to such ports to remove restrictive limitations. KW - Classification KW - Commodities KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Demand KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic forecasting KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Limits KW - Marine terminals KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Seaports KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Terminal facilities KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Ultimate load design KW - Washington (State) KW - Water traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145849 AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Greenacres Consulting Corporation AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 3. FOREST PRODUCTS ANALYSIS PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 226 p. AB - Forest products is a major industry in the Pacific Northwest and as such generates large volumes of cargo for the ports of the region. The principal commodities handled by some ports are almost entirely forest products, consisting principally of lumber, logs, and wood chips. The analysis of forest products is separated from the other commodities handled in domestic and foreign trade, and projections of their future movements estimated independently. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Chippings KW - Chips KW - Columbia River KW - Commodities KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - Industries KW - International trade KW - Logs KW - Lumber KW - Marine terminals KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Pulpwood KW - Seaports KW - Snake River KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Washington (State) KW - Wood KW - Wood products KW - Wooden logs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145851 AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 1. STUDY APPROACH, COMMODITY SPECIFICATIONS, TREND ANALYSIS, AND DOMESTIC TRADE ORIGIN AND DESTINATION DATA PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 157 p. AB - Work in this study included obtaining public port physical, economic, and institutional data to assist in defining the current characteristics of the public port system. Commodity data gathered included foreign export/import commodity data, domestic coast wise receipts, and shipments data with forecasts made for the years 1980, 1990, and 2000. Forecasts also were made of marine and port technologies for the current and future time periods. Expert judgment was applied to assess impacts of potential future changes which cannot be determined from historical trends. KW - Cargo ships KW - Commodities KW - Demand KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Exports KW - Facilities KW - Forecasting KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Oregon KW - Organizations KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Seaports KW - Surveys KW - Technology KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145846 AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Reid, Middleton and Associates, Incorporated AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 6. PORT CAPACITY ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 233 p. AB - The objectives of the capacity analysis are to develop up-to-date and coordinated data on cargo handling and storage capability of subregions in the study area, to identify facilities development needed to meet future demands, and to provide a practical tool for usefully evaluating capacities of existing facilities for forecasting future capacities of ports. The conclusions reached regarding the need for future facilities for the various cargo movements are based on existing and new facilities being operated at full capacity as defined herein. This study does not attempt to define when these facilities should be constructed or at what level of capacity the ports should be operated. KW - Capacity KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Forecasting KW - Handling and storage KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marine terminals KW - Needs assessment KW - Oregon KW - Performance evaluations KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Requirement KW - Seaports KW - Specifications KW - Storage facilities KW - Surveys KW - Technology KW - Terminal facilities KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - User needs KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145848 AU - Waters, R C AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Engineering and Management Sciences Corporation AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Port of Portland AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT. PART 4. PUGET SOUND AND LOWER COLUMBIA SUBREGION COMMODITY FORECASTS PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 99 p. AB - This Supplement presents forecasts of general cargo, grains and soybeans, dry bulk and liquid bulk commodity movements in foreign and domestic coastwise oceanborne trade. Also presented are the methodology, assumptions and rationale used to develop the forecasts. The commodity forecasts were developed with the aid of linear and logarithmic projections and analysis of past trends (1954 through 1973). KW - Agricultural products KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk handling KW - Cargo transportation KW - Columbia River KW - Commodities KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Freight transportation KW - Grain KW - Imports KW - International trade KW - Liquids KW - Marine terminals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Seafood KW - Seaports KW - Soybeans KW - Steel KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145852 AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Port of Portland AU - Washington Public Ports Association AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORT SYSTEM STUDY FOR THE PUBLIC PORTS OF WASHINGTON STATE AND PORTLAND, OREGON. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/03/31 SP - 40 p. AB - The Port System Study for the public ports of Washington State and Portland, Oregon examines the actions required to maintain a system of maritime ports capable of meeting the future requirements of foreign and domestic trade. The study forecasts waterborne commerce and changes in shipping and cargo handling technologies to the year 2000. The study then translates these anticipated changes into port facility needs and financial requirements over the same period. Finally the study recommends an organizational approach for coordinating future port developments, thereby ensuring the most effective use of public funds. The study is intended to serve as a comprehensive base for cooperative regional port planning and development activities. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cooperation KW - Coordination KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ports) KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Facilities KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Interstate transportation KW - Management KW - Marine terminals KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Problem solving KW - Recommendations KW - Regional planning KW - Requirement KW - Seaports KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology KW - Trade KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Washington (State) KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657832 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - REFRIGERATED CONTAINER RESOURCES SHARING, PHASE 1: DESIGN PY - 1975/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This two-phase program, authorized by the Department of Commerce and the Maritime Administration, established the economics of a container resource sharing arrangement among American ocean carriers as part of its larger program to improve the competitive strength of the U.S. Merchant Marine. The report covers only the design program. In it, the Maritime Administration, the Steering Committee (composed of 4 American ocean carriers) and Manalytics Incorporated, examined alternative methods for demonstrating the results of refrigerated container sharing by several U.S.-flag liner operators presently carrying refrigerated containers, and developed a detailed plan for the evaluation phase. At the end of the second phase, the Maritime Administration and the American ocean carriers were expected to have a quantitative evaluation of the economic feasibility of refrigerated container sharing in particular, and container resource sharing in general. KW - Car pooling (Railroads) KW - Container pooling KW - Containers KW - Refrigeration KW - Refrigeration systems KW - Shipowners and operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657398 AU - Carraway, J AU - Magnavox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - FACSIMILE EVALUATION FOR MARITIME APPLICATIONS PY - 1975/03 SP - 31 p. AB - A glossary of abbreviations used in U.S. naval documents is presented, divided into nine sections. The first, and longest, is and alphabetic listing of miscellaneous abbreviations. The remaining eight show, respectively, dthe abbreviations used for the states of the U.S., countries, navy ship types, officer ranks, enlisted rates, navy ratings by groups, and corps and branches. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Facsimile KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398745 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00098243 JO - Environmental Science & Technology PB - American Chemical Society AU - Harrison, W AU - Winnik, M A AU - Kwong, PTY AU - Mackey, D AU - American Chemical Society TI - DISAPPEARANCE OF AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC COMPONENTS FROM SMALL SEA SURFACE SLICKS PY - 1975/03 VL - 9 IS - 3 SP - p. 231-234 AB - Experimental data are presented for the weathering of five small (1.04 m3) ocean spills of South Louisiana crude oil. The oil was spiked with cumene and the concentration of cumene and several alkanes were measured for up to 5 hours after the spill. Camparison of the rates of loss of cumene and n-nonane, which have similar volatilities but different solubilities, is made in an attempt to quantify the relative rates of evaporation and dissolution. An approximate model of the evaporation-dissolution process is derived which suggests cumene is lost principally by evaporation. The effects of whitecapping and the existence of different weathering rates in the same spill are described. (Author) KW - Gas chromatography KW - Oil spill weathering KW - Oil spills KW - Weathering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168760 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 4. DIRECT REVERSING TURBINE DEVELOPMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME A. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975/01/31 SP - 409 p. AB - This document describes part of the work performed within Task 4, Direct Reversing Gas Turbine Development, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. This Volume A of the Task 4 final report covers reversing turbine design, development, supporting analyses and component - level testing; assembly and testing of the reversing turbine test vehicle is presented in Volume B. Task efforts have developed an assembly of parts to simulate a reversing marine gas turbine that has minimum effects on ahead, performance, maintenance and reliability of the overall propulsion system. This has been attained via the design and development of this test vehicle, a modified GE-GTPD model MS-3002 (11,000 HP) gas turbine to which was added the specially designed load turbine. This test vehicle was used to empirically evaluate the reversing turbine concept. The direct reversing turbine concept is described herein, along with the design approach, criteria and philosophy employed to define what the test vehicle exactly was to be and of what it should be comprised. Systems engineering, aerothermodynamics and controls-dictated design criteria are also given. Design, supporting analyses and other development of the special load turbine are also presented. Results of component-level aerothermodynamic and mechanical tests are also given herein. Economic viability investigations performed during the course of this program are also presented. KW - Advanced propulsion KW - Aerodynamics KW - Aerothermodynamics KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Components KW - Control devices KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Equipment tests KW - Flow KW - Gas flow KW - Gas turbines KW - Gases KW - High speed rail KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Thermodynamics KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00654903 AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC SUBMARINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM-1975 PY - 1975/01 SP - Various p. AB - Expected growth in U.S. petroleum requirements, coupled with accelerating worldwide energy demand, poses a need for the U.S. to move closer to energy self-sufficiency. With Alaska projected to become a sizable source of both oil and natural gas, this study shows how an all-U.S. nuclear submarine tanker system can help toward the goal of self-sufficiency, providing a feasible and economically attractive means of transporting arctic oil to the U.S. east coast market. The study consists of seven volumes, as follows: Vol.1- Executive Summary; Vol.2- Implementation Plan; Vol.3- Environmental Impact Analysis; Vol.4- (Parts 1&2)- Technical Analysis; Vol.5- Cost Analysis; Vol.6- System Development and Support Requirements; Vol.7- Personnel Acquisition and Training Plans. KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656613 AU - Snow, A B AU - Berbert, A G AU - United States Lines Incorporated AU - Technology, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - HULL STATUS MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, PHASE 1: SYSTEM DEFINITION PY - 1975/01 SP - 69 p. AB - This report describes the initial effort in implementing a Hull Status Monitoring and Surveillance System. This system is intended to aid the conning officer in decision making. The initial effort resulted in the definition of a system for decision making assistance with regard to stability, performance, hull stress and slamming, and damaged stability. System concepts, functional properties, performance characteristics, hardware, and software are discussed. KW - Decision making KW - Hull stress KW - Hull surveillance KW - Hulls KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Slamming KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658505 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - POTENTIAL RESEARCH TASKS FOR MARAD PY - 1975 SP - 23 p. AB - This document gave a summary of 25 potential research projects for the Maritime Administration. Suggested topics for study included: costs and availability of marine fuels; major U.S. tanker company shipbuilding requirements; tanker casualty prospects; bulk shipping trends; foreign shipbuilding costs; U.S. bulk fleet forecast; and the impact of offshore petroleum exploitation on U.S. shipping. KW - Overviews KW - Programs KW - Research KW - U.S. Maritime Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658764 AU - Computer Identics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration AU - American Export Lines, Incorporated TI - MARINE TERMINAL CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS), PRELIMINARY PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1975 AB - This report deals with the design and development of a Marine Terminal Control System (MTCS), incorporating the concept of Automatic Container Identification (ACIS). Volume 1, Executive Summary, contains a description of the system, formulates plans for evaluating its economic benefits, and briefly reviews the progress made on the various tasks involved in the project. Volume 2 documents in detail the work accomplished in various phases of this effort, such as installation of scanners, labeling of containers, site preparation, software programming, and an analysis of operational performance of the MTCS at Howland Hook, Staten Island, New York. KW - Aci (Automatic container identification) KW - Automation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Container control KW - Container handling KW - Container operations KW - Container terminals KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Information processing KW - Marine terminals KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - System descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00130695 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CHEMICAL WASTE INCINERATOR SHIP PROJECT, VOLUME 1. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND APPENDICES I, II, AND III PY - 1975 SP - 236 p. AB - This Draft Environmental impact Statement consists of two volumes. Volume 1 contains the Environmental Analysis and Appendices I, II, and III, Volume 2 contains Appendix IV. The following topics are discussed in Volume I: Description of the chemical waste incinerator ship project; Description chemical waste incinerator ship project; Safety and control measures; Alternative actions for the disposal of hazardous wastes; Adverse environmental impacts which cannot be avoided under the project; Relationship between local short term use of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long term productivity; Irreversible and irrectrievable commitment of resources. KW - Incinerators KW - Sewage treatment KW - Shipboard sewage treatment KW - Ships KW - Spills (Pollution) KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657840 AU - Matson Navigation Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUPERCELL SYSTEM PY - 1974/12/30 SP - Various p. AB - The Supercell System, a means of securing deck-stowed containers on board ship, is a development of Matson Navigation Co. Under a shared-cost contract with the Maritime Administration, prototype units were constructed and evaluated in service on a Matson Ship. Labor savings of 55%, and 7% a reduction in vessel berth time were noted during the test period. KW - Cell guide systems KW - Container handling KW - Container stowage KW - Containers KW - Prototypes KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168753 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/12/01 SP - 102 p. AB - This task final report describes the work performed within Task 7, Project Management, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. This task final report describes the project management systems set up for the MARAD Project, and how they were implemented. Project management, both for the total project and each task therein, is described as it was applied throughout the duration of the project. KW - Analysis KW - Cleaning KW - Components KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Gas turbines KW - Management KW - Management control reports KW - Management planning KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168759 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 5. REGENERATOR IMPROVEMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME A (PRESSURIZED STRONGBACK DESIGN) PY - 1974/12/01 SP - 441 p. AB - This document describes a part of the work performed within Task 5, Regenerator Improvement of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. The costs of this program are shared equally by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration and the General Electric Company, Gas Turbine Products Division. This document represents one of two volumes of the Task 5 Final Report. It covers all design, development, analyses and component testing performed to develop the 'back-up' regenerator design, the 'Pressurized Strongback' concept. This less ambitious back-up represents a major redesign of the original regenerator to increase its cyclic life to make it suitable for marine applications; its core life has been increased by a factor of 10. The pressurized strongback design is now featured in many General Electric requisitions. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Components KW - Cycle ratio KW - Cyclic tests KW - Design KW - Electric power generation KW - Gas turbines KW - Heat exchangers KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propulsion KW - Regenerators KW - Residual fuels KW - Structural analysis KW - Tubing KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00650005 AU - Uhlin, R C AU - Exxon International Company AU - Maritime Administration AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - SPERRY CAS COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM PY - 1974/12 SP - 8 p. AB - This report covers the evaluation of the Sperry collision avoidance system aboard the EXXON BATON ROUGE during a test period of six months. A description of the system and a brief outline of the unique data presentation is also provided and the operation, ease of use and reliability is assessed. Performance and operational features have been rated and compared with several other systems previously evaluated. The report confirms that this system gives a high level of information in tracking up to 20 targets. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Maneuvering KW - Performance KW - Radar KW - Ratings KW - Reliability KW - Sperry cas (Collision avoidance systems) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649004 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2C: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF PHASE 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, ORE/DRY-BULK CARRIER WITH UNATTENDED DIESEL PLANT PY - 1974/12 SP - 216 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2C was to evaluate the findings and recommendations of the Phase 1 study by observation of actual operations aboard a diesel-powered ore/dry-bulk carrier. The vessel on which the observations were conducted is the first U.S. flag merchant ship to be certified for unattended engineroom operation and is manned by a crew of 22. The report describes the organization, manning, skills, procedures, and equipment used to carry out operational, maintenance, and administrative functions on board the ore/dry-bulk carrier; compares this observed data with data obtained in the Phase 1 study; and, analyzes the impact of the differences noted on the validity of the Phase 1 findings and recommendations. The evaluation confirms the need for upgrading crew skills, particularly in the area of operation and maintenance of automated systems; for cross-training in skills necessary to meet peak manpower requirements; and, for improving shipboard and shore training to meet the needs of modern and advanced technology systems. Significant new findings and recommendations stemming from observations aboard this particular vessel concern the beneficial impacts of unattended engine room operation on maintenance; the potential of the two-crew concept for improving the attractivness of merchant marine careers; and, the need for multi-skilled crewmen and flexible organizational rules on higly automated ships with small crews. Extrapolation of the observations to advanced technology ships confirms predicted gains in safety, efficiency, and manpower requirements through advanced technology systems such as the automated (one-man) bridge, unattended engine room, satellite navigation and communication, shipboard computer, and automated cargo control and cleaning systems. KW - Automation KW - Cargo handling KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Engine room automation KW - Engine rooms KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Recommendations KW - Reduced crews KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard organization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658574 AU - Olsen, H A AU - Hysing, T AU - Det Norske Veritas AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY OF DYNAMIC LOADS CAUSED BY LIQUID SLOSHING IN LNG TANKS PY - 1974/12 AB - This document reports on the results of an investigation that studied the effects of fluid properties on liquid sloshing pressures and forces. The pressures and forces were measured in both prismatic and spherical LNG tanks for a range of fill-depths, excitation periods, and amplitudes. Loads on internal tank components, such as pinup towers were also determined for spherical tanks. Volume 3 of the report contains statistical data for pressure coefficients, velocity coefficients, and force coefficients. KW - Coefficients KW - Dynamic loads KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Force KW - Liquefied gases KW - Measurement KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Sloshing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657567 AU - Clay, W H AU - Derrah, A S AU - Raytheon Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - VIDEC PHASE 2, SYSTEM FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION: FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/12 SP - 72 p. AB - The VIDEC Phase 2 Program involved the fabrication, test and integration of hardware and software program elements to form a machinery performance monitoring system, and the installation of that system aboard the SS PRESIDENT JOHNSON. The system included an array of vibration and thermal sensors installed on selected vital machinery of the ship's steam-driven marine propulsion plant. The VIDEC Phase 2 Program and its operation over a two year period is described. A section on automated control systems for use in unattended engine rooms relating these systems to machinery condition monitoring systems is provided. KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Engine room automation KW - Engine rooms KW - Machinery KW - Monitoring KW - Performance evaluations KW - President johnson (Vessel) KW - Sensors KW - System descriptions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656069 AU - Hoffman, D AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Sea Use Foundation AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF DATA OBTAINED ON BOARD TWO AMERICAN MAIL LINE VESSELS PY - 1974/12 SP - 17 p. AB - Equipment was designed and installed aboard the S.S. JAPAN MAIL and S.S. PHILIPPINE MAIL of the American Mail Line to record ship hull strains and wave profiles. In addition, a slamming data acquisition system was installed on the PHILLIPINE MAIL. The instrumentation is described and problems encountered in its operation are discussed. Results covering hull strain and wave data are reviewed. KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - Japan Mail (Ship) KW - Measurement KW - Philippine Mail (Ship) KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Wave profiles KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091857 AU - Fruman, D H AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A BATCHWISE IN-SITU REGENERATION TYPE SEPARATOR TO REMOVE OIL FROM OIL-WATER SUSPENSIONS PY - 1974/12 SP - 117 p. AB - The report documents the design test and evaluation of a 600 gpm oil-water separator for ballast water treatment. The basis of the particular separation concept used in this development program resides in the use of a very thick, open reticulated, oleophilic foam which is capable of separating the dispersed oil phase from the aqueous continuous phase independently of the oil density and which is amenable to regeneration by simple expression. The tests of the oil-water separation at the Navy Fuel Reclamation Plant are described. The performance of the separator in relation to the test conditions at this particular site are analyzed. Also, the mechanical operation of the system, the reliability and maintainability of the different components, as well as the general behavior of the filter media after successive filtration and regeneration, are assessed. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Design KW - Filtration KW - Foams KW - Land reclamation KW - Materials recovery KW - Materials recovery (Mining) KW - Oil filters KW - Oil separators KW - Oils KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reclamation KW - Separators KW - Ships KW - Tests KW - Water KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084463 AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - JOINT MARITIME ADMINISTRATION/U.S. COAST GUARD TANK BARGE STUDY. PY - 1974/12 SP - 107 p. AB - On December 24, 1971, the U.S. Coast Guard published proposed rule making in the Federal Register which would, in part, require double-walls and double-ends for tank barges of 100 gross tons or more built, rebuilt, or converted to oil service after December 31, 1972. This requirement would not apply to tank barges that have a certificate of inspection for ocean or coastwise service under 46 CFR Chapter I when operated as the only barge in a tow. Subsequent public comment on the proposed rule making suggested that a double-wall and double-end regulation might impose a heavy economic burden on the towing industry without a prior and full investigation of the costs and benefits involved. The Maritime Administration and the Coast Guard accordingly initiated a joint study effort to assess the relative construction and life cycle costs of various inland tank barge designs, both existing and hypothesized, and to examine product spill and hull damage performance of existing tank barges. This publication is the final report of the joint study effort. KW - Barge configurations KW - Barges KW - Construction KW - Damage control KW - Double shell construction KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Tank barges) KW - Loss and damage KW - Oil spill prevention KW - Oil spills KW - Prevention KW - Shells (Structural forms) KW - Tank barges KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168754 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 1/6. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND MAINTENANCE IMPROVEMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME B. MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT PY - 1974/11/01 SP - 353 p. AB - This document describes part of the work performed within Task 1/6, Operational Performance and Maintenance Improvement, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine propulsion. This Volume B covers materials development efforts; Volume A covers rig testing and fuel additive development, and Volume C encompasses other research efforts. This volume describes research efforts directed toward establishing the best discrete materials(s) for application in residual fuel-burning gas turbines. A large number of materials were concurrently investigated initially: (1) alloys: (2) composites; (3) EB coatings; (4) claddings; (5) diffusion coatings, and (6) ceramics. Intensive development evaluations (including fabrication of trial components) showed the sheet cladding to be the best material. KW - Ceramic materials KW - Cladding KW - Coatings KW - Components KW - Composite materials KW - Deposition KW - Diffusion coating KW - Diffusion coatings KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Turbine components KW - Turbine engines KW - Turbines KW - Vapor deposition KW - Vapors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148466 AU - Gertler, M AU - Kohl, R E AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - RESISTANCE, PROPULSION AND MANEUVERABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF MARAD SYSTEMATIC SERIES FOR LARGE FULL-FORM MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1974/11 SP - 232 p. AB - The original systematic series of low length-beam ratio, high block coefficient merchant ship forms developed for the U.S. Maritime Administration was extended to include beamdraft ratio variations between 3.00 and 4.50. Ten new models ranging from 20 to 27.5 feet in length were added to bring the total to sixteen for the current MARAD Series. The extended investigation was primarily devoted to planar-motion-mechanism tests and associated computer simulation studies to determine maneuverability characteristics, but resistance and propulsion tests related to those of the original Series were also performed. The fundamental data from the combined programs are consolidated in the form of a handbook suitable for direct use by naval architects, shipbuilders, and others concerned with design, economic or related studies pertaining to full-form ships of the type and range of proportions investigated. Included are: the nondimensional offsets and other pertinent geometrical data required to produce the hull lines for geometrically similar prototype ships of any size represented within the range of the Series; nondimensional charts and tables which can be used to predict the resistance, propulsion, inherent directional stability, and control characteristics for such prototype ships; and basic mathematical models for specified prototypes of each individual Series configuration which can be used in conjunction with a computer simulation facility to investigate the detailed deep-water maneuvering behavior of the corresponding ship systems. Also included along with the discussion are: merit comparisons, based on equal-volume prototypes of 350,000 tons full-load displacement, showing the effect of variation in geometric parameters on the resistance and propulsion characteristics; and numerical measures derived from simulated definitive maneuvers of these ships to be used in the development of rational maneuvering criteria for bulk carrier type ships with emphasis on those intended for restricted draft service. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Computer aided design KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Maneuvering KW - Mathematical models KW - Model testing KW - Naval architecture KW - Planar motion mechanism KW - Power prediction KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Ship design KW - Ship simulators KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00138726 AU - Maritime Administration TI - RADAR INSTRUCTION MANUAL PY - 1974/11 SP - 118 p. AB - This third revised edition of the Maritime Administration's Radar Manual has been prepared for instructional aid and guidance for the seafarer who is preparing to either upgrade, recertify or sit for an original license. This updated manual incorporated the latest approved methods of radar collision avoidance plotting. The text has been prepared in layman's language to the extent possible with the intent being to convey to the student, whether in class or through self study, the correct use of radar as an instrument of safety. The latest in theory, operation, rapid radar plotting and minor equipment maintenance are used. The Manual is divided into nine Chapters covering: (1) A Short History of Radar; (2) The Legalites of Radar use; (3) General Characteristics and Operation of Radar; (4) Characteristics of Radar Propagation; (5) Plotting; (6) Transfer Plotting, using the Rapid Radar Plotting Technique; (7) Transfer Plotting Problems; (8) Direct Plotting; and (9) Radar Navigation. A bibliography and Glossary is included. KW - Crew training (Deck) KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Navigation radar KW - Radar displays KW - Radar operators KW - Radar plotting KW - Ship crews KW - Training KW - Training courses (Radar observer) KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090746 AU - Fiocco, R J AU - Lanotte, V X AU - Raffaelli, G AU - Exxon Research and Engineering Company AU - Maritime Administration AU - Exxon International Incorporated TI - INVESTIGATION OF TANKER SLOP TANK DESIGN PY - 1974/11 SP - 64 p. AB - This report presents the results of an investigation of slop tank designs as related to use aboard ship as gravity separators for oily water. Based on both laboratory tests and tanker experience, design considerations and guidelines on inlet configurations, outlets, tank structure, system design, and waste water handling were developed to promote oil-water separation and reduce oil discharge to sea. The design and operating criteria can be applied to existing oil tankers and to new tankers. KW - Design KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spills KW - Oils KW - Separation KW - Separators KW - Slop tanks KW - Tank design KW - Tanker ships KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Water KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23870 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658548 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE PROBABLE IMPACT OF WESTERN COALS UPON DEMAND FOR GREAT LAKES VESSELS PY - 1974/10 SP - 30 p. AB - This study assesses the impact of increased waterborne transportation of coal from western mines to Michigan electric utilities on the demand for Great Lakes vessels. Topics covered include vessel routes and voyage time for ships involved in the transportation of western coal; freight rate structures; and estimated operating costs of new maximum size Laker self unloaders. As for vessel demand, it was indicated that western coal transport would probably offer employment for at least eight new vessels by 1980 and perhaps as many as 18 vessels by 1985. KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Demand KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Routing KW - Self unloaders KW - Ship routing KW - Shipping KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657396 AU - Harris (Frederic R.), Inc. AU - Waterman Steamship Corp. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT COVERING LASH BARGE MATERIALS HANDLING SYSTEMS PY - 1974/10 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this study was to assist the Waterman Steamship Corporation and other LASH system operators in the development of a materials-handling system for LASH barges. This system is intended to encompass not only the loading and discharging of cargoes to or from the barge units, but to effectively handle the necessary consolidation of mixed cargoes in barges originating in Gulf and Atlantic ports. In addition, the study undertook to formulate labor and equipment requirements for accommodating the flow of materials through the LASH terminal. KW - Commodity flow KW - LASH barges KW - Loading and unloading KW - Marine terminals KW - Materials management KW - Unloading systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084460 AU - Policy Planning Consultants TI - MANUAL OF TRAFFIC STUDIES FOR MARINE CONTAINER TERMINALS PY - 1974/10 SP - 51 p. AB - This manual is intended as a guide for personnel of port authorities, terminal operators, and local government planning agencies concerned with traffic analysis of motor vehicles, including trucks and trailers, entering and leaving marine container terminals. This manual: a. identifies the traffic problems associated with movements of containers into and out of marine container terminals. b. indicates where traffic analyses would be useful in helping to solve these traffic problems. c. defines the minimum information and data elements required in various traffic studies. d. outlines in sufficient detail some of the more basic procedures, forms, and methods for conducting traffic analyses. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Container terminals KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Control systems KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel KW - Railroad terminals KW - Railroad yards KW - Terminal facilities KW - Terminal operations KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Traffic control KW - Trailers KW - Trucks KW - Water transportation KW - Yard and terminal control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656921 AU - AII Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - ACCEPTANCE TEST PLAN FOR L-BAND SHIPBOARD ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR THE MARISAT FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS PY - 1974/09/30 SP - 19 p. AB - This report presents AII System's test plan for verifying compliance with the specification for the L-Band Shipboard Antenna System. The plan outlines three tests that are to be carried out to verify compliance: (1) measurement of the system noise figure; (2) measurements of the isotropic radiated power from the ship terminal transmitting subsystem; and (3) verification of antenna tracking capability. A general description, summary of procedures, and a proposed format for data analysis is provided for each of these tests. KW - Antennas KW - Navigational satellites KW - Radio frequencies KW - Radio frequency KW - Shipboard systems KW - Specifications KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168755 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 1/6. OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND MAINTENANCE IMPROVEMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME C. OTHER RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS PY - 1974/09/01 SP - 247 p. AB - This document describes a part of the work performed within Task 1/6, Operational Performance and Maintenance Improvement, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. The costs of this program are shared equally by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration and the General Electric Company, Gas Turbine Products Division. This document represents one of three volumes of the Task 1/6 Final Report. It describes project efforts within the following areas: (1) physical chemistry; (2) electrochemistry; (3) contaminant removal; (4) cooling investigation; and (5) determination of probablistic sodium content within unwashed residual fuel oils. These results are of technical value, and provide bases for longer range marine gas turbine developments. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Contaminants KW - Cooling KW - Electrochemistry KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Performance KW - Physical chemistry KW - Probability theory KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168758 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 3. FUEL CONDITIONING SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT. FINAL REPORT. VOLUME B. TOTAL SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS PY - 1974/09/01 SP - 114 p. AB - This document describes part of the work performed within Task 3, Fuel Conditioning System Improvement, of the Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. This Volume B of the Task 3 final report covers total system investigations, with the work on the automatic fuel analysis instrument described in Volume A. Task efforts have established the optimum viable automatic fuel conditioning system. This system is necessary to remove the sodium and inhibit the vanadium found in residual fuel oils. This system consists of: (a) automatic fuel analysis instrument; (b) semi-automatic fuel treatment and processing equipment; and (c) double day tanks. In addition, a practical and economic simplification of this system has been synthesized. This system is simpler and 25% smaller than the current system. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Contaminants KW - Decontamination KW - Fuel additives KW - Fuel processing KW - Fuels KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Process control KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Turbine engines KW - Washing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091080 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON RAIL AND MARINE INTERFACE AT THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS PY - 1974/09 SP - 40 p. AB - This study was prepared to assist the Maritime Administration in finding which interface methods produce the most desired results in United States ports. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Distance KW - Factor analysis KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Interfaces KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Louisiana KW - Management information systems KW - New Orleans (Louisiana) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Seaports KW - Terminal facilities KW - Time KW - Transportation planning KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657583 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - Naval Ship Research and Development Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN-GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS, PHASE 2--EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CONCEPT DESIGNS: PART B, SEAWORTHINESS EXPERIMENTS (CONCEPTS 1 AND 2) PY - 1974/08 SP - 69 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments conducted with two tug/barge concepts. Concept 1 consisted of a tug and barge coupled together to form a rigid body. Concept 2 consisted of a tug and barge pinned together only at port and starboard locations, with relative pitch freedom being the only relative motion permitted between the tug and the barge. Some of the more important findings of the investigation were: the relative pitch freedom of Concept 2 permitted more effective propeller and rudder operation; longitudinal pin forces are much larger and vertical pin forces are considerably smaller for Concept 2; there is less stern wetness for Concept 2; the longitudinal acceleration of the tug pilot house is larger for Concept 2; there is good agreement between linear theory theory predictions and experimental data for Concept 2. KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Pitch (Dynamics) KW - Rolling KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship motion KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656654 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS: LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS, DOMESTIC OCEAN PY - 1974/08 SP - 18 p. AB - For abstract, refer to AN 8668, Record 10285 KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Legal factors KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Regulations KW - Shipping KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656655 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS: LEGAL AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS, GREAT LAKES PY - 1974/08 SP - 18 p. AB - For abstract, refer to An 8668, Record 10285 KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Legal factors KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Regulations KW - Shipping KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658507 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - QUARTERLY REPORT OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORLD BULK TRADES PY - 1974/08 SP - 20 p. AB - Topics covered in this Quarterly Report include: the state of the tanker and bulk freight market; newbuilding market and ship purchase/sale activity; shipbuilding credit worldwide; developments in very large crude carriers; maritime labor in the bulk trades; and trends in LNG shipbuilding contracts. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk shipping KW - Bulk trade KW - Carriers KW - Financing KW - Large tankers KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Salaries KW - Ship financing KW - Ship operations KW - Ship sale KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Tankers KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149329 AU - Rossignol, G A AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS: PART B, SEAWORTHINESS EXPERIMENTS (CONCEPTS I AND II) PY - 1974/08 SP - 68 p. AB - This report presents the results of seaworthiness experiments conducted with two tug/barge concepts. Concept I consists of a tug and barge coupled together to form a rigid body and Concept II permits only relative pitch freedom. Theoretical predictions of Concept II responses are also presented. Some of the more important results of the investigation are: (a) The longitudinal acceleration of the tug pilot house and longitudinal pin force increased considerably, while the vertical pin force showed considerable decrease for Concept II. (b) The relative pitch freedom of Concept II permitted more effective propeller and rudder operation. (c) There is good agreement between linear theory predictions and experimental data for Concept II. KW - Barges KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Seaworthiness KW - Ship motion KW - Tug barge linkage KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057547 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION BULK CHEMICAL CARRIER CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1974/08 SP - 292 p. AB - This report covers a description of the bulk chemical carrier program; description of the maritime environment including ocean, coastal, inland waterways and wetlands; environmental impact of the bulk chemical carrier program; safety and control measures now required in construction and operation of these type vessels; alternatives to the bulk chemical carrier program; adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided; relationship between local short term use of the environment and the maintenance and improvement of long term productivity and the irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Carriers KW - Chemical tankers KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Hazardous chemicals KW - Hazardous materials KW - Hazardous materials transportation KW - Transportation KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098251 AU - ADAMS, C E AU - Naval Ordnance Laboratory TI - A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM AN AQUEOUS OIL DETERGENT SOLUTION PRIOR TO IR ANALYSIS PY - 1974/07/19 SP - 10 p. AB - A procedure was devised to permit the analysis of oil in water solutions in the presence of dissolved detergents using the CCl4 extraction-IR spectro-photometric method. After an initial extraction of the aqueous oil detergent solution with CCl4, the extract was evaporated on a slica gel column and eluted with CCl4. This procedure effectively removed all the detergent and allowed an interference-free analysis of the CCl4-oil solution with the IR-spectrophotometer. About 10% of the initial oil was lost in the procedure. KW - Oil recovery systems KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spills UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656522 AU - Levine, G H AU - Voelker, R P AU - Kortras, T V AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - RESULTS FROM TWO YEARS OF TESTING A GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER IN ICE FIELDS PY - 1974/07/15 AB - In Volume 1, the effectiveness of an air coating system to reduce ore carrier resistance in brash ice fields and the ice forces on the bow of a Great Lakes ore carrier are presented as a result of a two year test program. The designs of the air coating system and the ice force measurement system are described, including the subsequent shipyard modification. A sample calculation to determine the economic benefits versus cost is also presented. Volume 2 contains seven appendices detailing, respectively, the principal characteristics of the ore carrier LEON FRASER; the locations of ice bottleneck portions of the Great Lakes; air coating system test data; strain gage measurements; maneuvering tests with the air coating system; ice thickness measurements along the ship route; and observed effective channel preparations in the ice sheet. KW - Air bubbling systems KW - Arctic Regions KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice KW - Ice fields KW - Ice forces KW - Ice formations KW - Ice resistance KW - Ore carriers KW - Resistance (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00157293 AU - Levine, G H AU - Voelker, R P AU - Kotras, T V AU - Kosterich, P P AU - Peter, J J AU - Arctec, Incorporated TI - RESULTS FROM TWO YEARS OF TESTING A GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER IN ICE FIELDS, VOLUMES I AND II PY - 1974/07/15 SP - v.p. AB - Volume I--The effectiveness of an air coating system to reduce ore carrier resistance in brash ice fields and the ice forces on the bow of a Great Lakes ore carrier are presented as a result of a two year test program. Design of the air coating system and the ice force measurement system are described including the subsequent shipyard modification. A sample calculation to determine the economic benefits versus cost is also presented. Volume 11--Contains seven appendices: principal characteristics of the ore carrier LEON FRASER, describes the locations of ice bottleneck portions of the Great Lakes, air coating system test data, strain gage measurements, maneuvering tests with air coating system, ice thickness measurements along the ship route, and observed effective channel preparations in the ice sheet. KW - Air bubbling systems KW - Bulk carriers KW - Fluid resistance KW - Force KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ice KW - Ice forces on structures KW - Ore carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071957 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PORTS OF THE PACIFIC PY - 1974/07/02 SP - 66 p. AB - Although largely a function of state and local governments, the American port industry is essentially comparable to private enterprises which compete freely with each other for various markets. The Maritime Administration's legislative responsibility is to supplement the efforts of the port industry itself through various promotional, technical and supportive programs to help ports become more competitive in a rational manner. To further the development of these programs MarAd has sponsored a series of meetings on the agency's role in port operations and development. Ports of the Pacific, a joint MarAd-Port Industry conference was a followup to a meeting held in March 1974, in Washington, D.C. between MarAd and officers of the Association of American Port Authorities (AAPA). In addition to presenting MarAd's port program the conference provided an opportunity to engage the port industry in a qualitative dialogue on the program and how it might be improved or expanded. KW - California KW - Development KW - Marine terminals KW - Oregon KW - Port capacity KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Transportation planning KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658273 AU - Goodrich, R R AU - Shewmaker, J E AU - Exxon International Company AU - Maritime Administration AU - Exxon Research and Engineering Co. TI - SURVEY OF SHIP DISCHARGES PY - 1974/07 SP - 67 p. AB - This report presents the results of a survey to define and quantify discharges originating from oil tankers operating under routine conditions. It includes estimates of gaseous emissions, solid and sanitary wastes, fuel and oil discharges, and emissions coming from miscellaneous sources. It is primarily concerned with ocean-routed tankers carrying unprocessed crude oil, although some estimates may be adjusted for applications to dirty and clean-product ships. KW - Air pollution KW - Discharge KW - Gases KW - Oil spills KW - Pollutants KW - Surveys KW - Tankers KW - Wastes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657953 AU - Ginter, E AU - Lewis, T AU - JOHNSTON, H AU - Sperry Marine Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTEGRATED SHIP SYSTEM--PHASE 1, REPORT: SYSTEM DEFINITION PY - 1974/07 AB - Volumes 1 and 2 of this multivolume report summarize the results of the Integrated Ship System Definition Study, the first phase of a multiphased program, intended to demonstrate the economic gain available to American tanker operators from the development of a prototype Integrated Ship System incorporating computer-based automation technology. This program is part of the Maritime Administration's ship automation program to develop advanced marine transportation systems and to improve the competitive position of the United States merchant fleet in the world markets. Volume 3 is comprised of appendices containing technical and other pertinent data developed in conjunction with the studies performed in defining the Integrated Ship System. Volume 4 presents an analysis of the costs and benefits to be expected when an Integrated Ship System is installed aboard a very large crude carrier. KW - Automation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Integrated bridge systems KW - Integrated navigation systems KW - Integrated shipboard systems KW - Integrated systems KW - Machinery KW - Management information systems KW - Monitoring KW - Navigation systems KW - Ship automation KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658075 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES AUTOMOBILE CARRIER STUDY PY - 1974/07 SP - 13 p. AB - This analysis of the potential for significantly increasing the shipment of automobiles by water within the Great Lakes area was intended to explore the basic costs for such a proposal. The main conclusion was that the reintroduction of car carriers into Great Lakes service could provide transportation cost savings. It was recommended, however, that further studies be carried out to ascertain (1) the volume of auto, truck, tractor and other wheeled vehicle distribution traffic that could be captured; and (2) the vessel types, sizes and capacities that would be suitable for transporting these vehicles. KW - Analysis KW - Automobile rack cars KW - Car carriers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Great Lakes KW - Great Lakes Region KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649692 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2B: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF PHASE 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS-- LASH (LIGHTER ABOARD SHIP) VESSEL PY - 1974/06 SP - 206 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2B was to evaluate the findings and recommendations of Phase 1 study by observation of actual operations aboard a LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) vessel engaged on its normal trade route. The report describes the organization, manning, skills, procedures, and equipment used to carry out operational, maintenance, and administrative functions on board the LASH vessel; compares this observed data with data obtained in the Phase 1 study; and, analyzes the impact of the differences noted on the validity of the phase 1 findings and recommendations. The evaluation confirms the need for upgrading crew skills, particularly in the area of operation and maintenance of automated systems; for cross-training in skills necessary to meet peak manpower requirements; and, for improving shipboard and shore training to meet the needs of modern and advanced technology systems. Extrapolation of the observations to advanced technology ships confirms predicted gains in safety, efficiency, and manpower requirements through advanced technology systems such as the automated (one-man) bridge, unattended engine room, satellite navigation and communication, shipboard computer, and, remote control anchoring and mooring. KW - Automation KW - Labor market KW - Lash ships KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship management KW - Ship operations KW - Shipboard organization KW - Shipboard training KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071918 AU - Maritime Administration TI - RELATIVE COST OF SHIPBUILDING PY - 1974/06 SP - 29 p. AB - Report to Congress on the Relative Cost of Shipbuilding in the Various Coastal Districts of the United States. The report is prepared in accordance with the requirements of Section 213 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 and describes the relative cost of construction or reconditioning of ocean vessels in shipyards in the various coastal districts of the United States together with recommendations on how shipyards may compete for work on an equalized basis. KW - Costs KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipbuilding materials KW - Shipyard costs KW - Shipyard personnel KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20490 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071921 AU - Kaldjian, M J AU - Townsend, W H AU - Kahn, L F AU - Huang, K N AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - GREAT LAKES WINTER NAVIGATION--TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES VOL. IV STRENGTHENING STEEL PLATES USING FERROCEMENT AND REINFORCED CONCRETE PY - 1974/06 SP - 63 p. AB - To determine the applicability of using ferrocement and reinforced concrete for ice strengthening ship hulls, thirty-four composite beams were constructed and tested. Beams were made of 1/4-inch steel plate reinforced with 1 inch of either a concrete or ferrocement segment. Shear transfer between plate and concrete was accomplished using natural bond, epoxy or shear studs. Ferrocement composite beams were found to be strongest but less ductile than those of reinforced concrete. A sandblasted steel surface plus epoxy provided adequate shear transfer although shear studs allowed the greatest ductility. It is concluded that ships may be adequately strengthened using ferrocement and reinforced concrete; a brief design guide is given to aid in selection of an appropriate concrete section. KW - Ferro concrete KW - Ferrocement KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice KW - Ice strengthening KW - Seasons KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20493 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071702 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PUBLIC PORT FINANCING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1974/06 SP - 75 p. AB - This report presents an overview of the port industry and its emerging financial problems. It was prepared specifically in response to a Congressional inquiry on the subject of the absence of Federal financial aid to the U.S. port industry. The report has been prepared by the Maritime Administration with the assistance of representatives of the industry as designated by the American Association of Port Authorities, including an Ad Hoc Advisory Committee and the Committee on United States National Transportation Policy. Thus, it is felt this document reflects, in broad terms, the views and positions of the port industry. The study is a survey of conditions and problems. It is not meant to be the last work on the subject. Quite to the contrary, this report, might very logically give rise to some further in-depth analyses of the port industry's financial predicament and potential remedies. KW - Capital investments KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Marine terminals KW - Policy KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071920 AU - Kaldjian, M J AU - Huang, K N AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - GREAT LAKES WINTER NAVIGATION--TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. VOL. V ICE STRENGTHENING OF SHIP HULLS USING STEEL, FERROCEMENT OR REINFORCED CONCRETE PY - 1974/06 SP - 28 p. AB - Extension of the navigation season on the Great Lakes necessitated finding the added weight and cost of ice strengthening the hull of existing or proposed ships. Using the American Bureau of Shipping rules Section 29, "Strengthening for Navigation in Ice", a design method is developed and a computer program prepared that calculates and compares the added weights and costs of reinforced cement along a ship using steel, ferrocement or reinforced concrete for different ice classes and various other parameters. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Ferro concrete KW - Ferrocement KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice KW - Ice strengthening KW - Operations KW - Seasons KW - Strength of materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20492 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151316 AU - Brayton, W C AU - Troyer, W AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - Hobart Brothers Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPYARD WELDING - DEVELOPMENT OF EXTENDED LENGTH, CONTINUOUS WIRE FEED SYSTEMS PY - 1974/05/31 SP - 127 p. AB - The report describes the results of a project for the development of a semiautomatic welding system with appropriate hardware which permits an operator to weld over 200 feet from the power supply and wire source while still providing the flexibility comparable to that of manual welding with stick electrodes. KW - Automatic welding KW - Automatic welding systems KW - Electric arc welding KW - Electrodes KW - Feeding supplying KW - Gas metal arc welding KW - Machines KW - Shipbuilding KW - Welding KW - Welding electrodes KW - Welding machines KW - Welding techniques KW - Wire UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084820 AU - Davies, L G AU - Durfee, R L AU - Fourney, W AU - Gift, R D AU - Versar Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - LEAKAGE THROUGH CRACKS IN LNG TANKAGE PY - 1974/05/31 SP - 91 p. AB - An experimental and theoretical investigation of leakage through fatigue indiced cracks in cylindrical test vessels was conducted. Test vessels were constructed from two aluminum alloys and 9% nickel steel. Experimental and theoretical leak rate vs pressure curves are presented and compared. The generally higher values of leak rate predicted by the theory are explained on the basis of the observed crack geometry. Recommendations are made for predicting leakage through fatigue cracks in tanks. KW - Crack propagation KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Tank fracture KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657850 AU - Ingram Ocean Systems, Incorporated AU - Breit Engineering AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERACTION FORCES AND STRUCTURAL RESPONSE IN A SEAWAY OF THE INTEGRATED TUG/BARGE COMBINATION M/V MARTHA R. INGRAM/I.O.S. 3301 PY - 1974/05 SP - 80 p. AB - The major objective of this research was to compare model test data with full-scale test data for the prediction of interaction forces between the tug and the barge in an integrated tug/barge system. The full-scale tests were carried out using the integrated tub/barge combination MV MARTHA R. INGRAM, on which special instrumentation had been installed for this purpose. In addition, stresses at selective locations on the hull of the tugboat were determined from strain gage data. It was concluded, based on the limited amount of data analyzed, that a model test may be a useful tool for predicting the full-scale interaction between tug and barge in an integrated tug/barge system. KW - Forecasting KW - Integrated tug barge systems KW - Interactions KW - Model tests KW - Prototype tests KW - Strain gages KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural mechanics KW - Structural response KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656950 AU - Larsen, L H AU - Fenton, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPEN OCEAN WAVE STUDIES, VOLUME 2 PY - 1974/05 AB - The report of which this constitutes Volume 2 (in two parts) is the final report to the U.S. Maritime Administration on the Cobb Wave Spectra grant. The project involved the construction, installation and later recovery of a self-recording subsurface pressure gage to operate on the summit of Cobb Seamount, a location about 270 nautical miles seaward of the southern part of the State of Washington. The program was begun in response to the needs of those concerned with modeling the behavior of ships in a seaway and for those whose responsibility it is to design and insure vessels. The data discussed in the report represent a first effort at obtaining open ocean wave data in a format suitable for extensive analysis. This second volume contains summary data and spectra for each of the realizations. For related documents see, AN 8828 and AN 8830. KW - Cobb seamount KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Measuring instruments KW - North Pacific Ocean KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater structures KW - Wave climate KW - Wave measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649981 AU - Sperry Marine Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONDUCTING A MARINE RADAR TRANSPONDER EXPERIMENT AND STUDY, PHASE 2 PY - 1974/05 SP - 62 p. AB - Under a contract with the Maritime Administration, Sperry built three Interrogator/Transponders. The three were evaluated for technical feasibility in Long Island Sound near Kings Point. This final report describes the equipment and its installation, and presents the test data and results. KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Interrogator transponders KW - Recommendations KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168743 AU - Nowacki, H AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES WINTER NAVIGATION. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES. VOLUME III. PARAMETRIC STUDIES PY - 1974/05 SP - 76 p. AB - This third volume in a report series presents the results of a systematic variation study, based on the Extended Season Program (ESP), which analyzes the transportation economics of individual Great Lakes bulk carriers operating in a lengthened season. The variations include different types of vessels (existing, converted and proposed), different trade routes, delay and cost assumptions, and winter operating environments. Without exhausting the innumerable combinations of possible winter shipping operations on the Great Lakes, the results presented here may help to identify the principal effects of changes in vessel type and operating scenario upon the economic viability of season extension. The cost assumptions for this study were updated to early 1974 levels. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cold weather KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Inland waterways KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operations KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084430 AU - LUCIANO, P J AU - Maritime Administration TI - DECK AND ENGINE OFFICERS IN THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE SUPPLY AND DEMAND, 1974-1984 PY - 1974/05 SP - 80 p. AB - The study is the third in a continuing series to provide industry and government with information needed for effective manpower planning. The results of the third study suggest that if current trends continue, a shortage of both deck and engine officers is likely before the end of this decade. Because of the sensitivity of this conclusion to various assumptions made in the study, the analysis will continue on a regular basis, as new data become available, in order to check the validity of the current results and to update other information needed for planning purposes. KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Marine transit KW - Military personnel KW - Officer training KW - Personnel management KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00170046 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONDUCTING A MARINE RADAR TRANSPONDER EXPERIMENT AND STUDY. PHASE II PY - 1974/05 SP - 64 p. AB - A study was made to determine means for radar target identification, enhancement, and display and/or utilization by vessels having a cooperative radar and beacon system. Experiments used cooperating shore and ship radar and beacon systems. Interrogation and reply codes and information format for system use are considered, together with PRR, clock rates, A.G.C., and radar power radiated in determining system range and utility. KW - Radar KW - Radar beacons KW - Radar beacons KW - Radar devices KW - Radar range UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58049 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00098250 AU - Agrawal, R K AU - Hale, La AU - Offshore Technology Conference TI - A NEW CRITERION FOR PREDICTING HEADWAVE INSTABILITY OF AN OIL SLICK RETAINED BY A BARRIER PY - 1974/05 SP - p. 461-466 AB - The proper deployment and utilization of oil-containment barriers depends upon a knowledge of the failure mechanisms of such devices. A simple empirical technique for predicting the water current velocity which will initiate one failure mode, i.e., entrainment failure, is presented. The critical velocity is a function of the specific gravity of the oil and the interfacial tension between the oil and water. (Author) U1 - 1975 Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings, Volume 1. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Containing equipment KW - Oil barriers KW - Oil containment systems KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill containment KW - Oil spill control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084853 AU - Carleton, H AU - Carleton (Henry) AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - WAVE HEIGHT INDICATOR LITERATURE SEARCH AND VENDOR DATA SURVEY PY - 1974/05 SP - 23 p. AB - The report presents the results of a limited literature search into wave meters that are used aboard ships to observe wave height and wave spectra. It also includes a review of some literature that is available on commercial wave meters that are applicable for use by ships in measuring wave height. KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Measurement KW - Ocean waves KW - Wave height KW - Wave measurement KW - Wind waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054963 AU - Gage, R J AU - Coe, M W AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SUBSIDIES PY - 1974/05 SP - 160 p. AB - Most world governments believe a national merchant fleet is vital to their economic and security interests. To insure these interests they have developed a myriad of economic and subsidy aids to promote the growth of national flag merchant shipping. This report details the aids supplied by 50 nations. Excluded are those countries whose fleets are smaller than 100,000 gross tons or whose maritime activities are controlled by a centrally planned economy. KW - Construction KW - Economics KW - Operating subsidies KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168752 AU - Kaplan, S M AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - HEAVY-DUTY MARINE GAS TURBINE PROJECT. TASK 2. TURBINE CLEANING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/04/01 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes the work performed within Task 2, Turbine Cleaning, of the Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Development Program, or MARAD Project. The MARAD Project is an integrated effort to develop the heavy-duty gas turbine as an alternate competitive form of marine power generation. The costs of this program are shared equally by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration and General Electric Company, Gas Turbine Products Division. Task efforts have established the optimum viable automatic turbine cleaning and washing system, together with the operational requirements to insure its proper applications. This turbine cleaning system is necessary to remove the ash deposits formed on first-stage nozzles of residual fuel-burning gas turbines. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Cleaners KW - Cleaning KW - Cleaning equipment KW - Cleansers KW - Control devices KW - Gas turbines KW - Marine surface propulsion KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propulsion KW - Residual fuels KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656959 AU - Chirillo, L D AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - COST EFFECTIVENESS STUDY OF WEATHER PROTECTION FOR SHIPBUILDING OPERATIONS PY - 1974/04 AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the potential economic advantages of providing weather protection facilities for ship component fabrication and assembly. Although it was largely recognized that weather has a major impact on the shipbuilding process, an evaluation of the potential savings from weather protection facilities was needed. A productivity model based upon data gathered from U.S. shipyards was used to analyze eight different weather protection facilities at a hypothetical "standard" shipyard. The model was repeatedly applied to the standard shipyard, each time using weather data obtained from the National Climate Center for one of fourteen different U.S. shipbuilding locations. The analysis of productivity increases from the use of weather protection facilities showed that substantial savings could be realized by the use of certain facilities, and these conclusions are detailed. KW - Covered shipyards KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Productivity KW - Shipbuilding KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656349 AU - Chirillo, L D AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBUILDING ALIGNMENT WITH LASERS PY - 1974/04 SP - 115 p. AB - This manual deals with the application of lasers to shipbuilding alignment. It describes the creation of laser light, the laser beam, and typical laser instruments used for alignment, as well as their accessories. The uses of the laser beam for basic alignment function are discussed. Specific applications of laser technology to typical shipbuilding alignment tasks, such as propulsion shaft alignment, hull structure alignment, and alignment for the installation of rudders and rudder stocks are included. Appendices present information on laser safety and specification guidelines for buying a laser. KW - Alignment KW - Lasers KW - Manuals KW - Shaft alignment KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148467 AU - Kohl, R E AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - MODEL TESTS TO DETERMINE THE RESISTANCE, PROPULSION AND MANEUVERING, CHARACTERISTICS OF A PROPOSED TWIN-SCREW 600,000 DWT NUCLEAR TANKER PY - 1974/04 SP - 68 p. AB - Describes a program of ship model tests and computer studies for a proposed Twin-Screw 600,000 DWT Nuclear Tanker. The purpose of the program was to provide information related to resistance, propulsion, and maneuvering characteristics of the ship at specified conditions of displacement and trim. The tests for the subject program were performed in the HYDRONAUTICS Ship Model Basin (HSMB). KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Model testing) KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Model testing KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Simulation KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tanker propulsion KW - Tankers KW - Tests KW - Twin screws KW - Very large crude carriers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095137 AU - Shewmaker, J E AU - Goodrich, R R AU - Skocypec, R J AU - Exxon Research and Manufacturing Company TI - CHARACTERIZATION OF BALLAST WATER PY - 1974/04 SP - 83 p. AB - This report summarizes ballast characterization studies to define the concentration levels of the following contaminants: oil, suspended solids, BOD sub 5, COD, pH, ammonia, phenols and sulfides. Ballast water samples from nine tankers were taken and analyzed. The study included ballast following two crude oils and ten of the clean oil products carried in largest volume by tankers. Oil contents found in dirty ballast on clean oil product tankers were in the same range, but with a slightly higher median value, as those found on crude oil carriers. BOD, COD and suspended solids levels in dirty ballast were often comparable to, but were sometimes measurably greater than, those in the sea water taken on as ballast. The levels of phenol, sulfides, and ammonia found in dirty ballast were usually very low and near the minimum, concentrations which could be detected by the anlaytical methods employed in the program. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Ballast tanks KW - Oil spills KW - Oil tankers KW - Pollution control KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084845 AU - Femenia, J AU - Van Hooff, R AU - Lewis, E V AU - Zubaly, R B AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point AU - Maritime Administration TI - A MODEL STEERING STUDY PY - 1974/04 SP - 55 p. AB - This report describes the first year's work, at Webb Institute, on developing a direct digital steering system for controlling a ship model in a towing tank and evaluating different control equations and parameters. After a background discussion of automatic steering devices and principles, the model test set-up at Webb Institute, using a model of the SL-7 container ship, is described in detail. The steering gear itself is a mechanical-electrical analog of a full-scale steering gear. The automatic control is provided by a PDP-8 minicomputer, with the necessary analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog interface equipment. Results of preliminary tests are given. KW - Automatic steering control KW - Containerships KW - Ship motion KW - Steering gears KW - Steering system design KW - Steering systems KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651789 AU - Cooper, W J AU - MSA Research Corporation AU - Keystone Shipping Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANKER TANK CLEANING RESEARCH PROGRAM, PHASE 1 PY - 1974/03/11 SP - 471 p. AB - This report presents the findings of an 18 month evaluation of crude oil tankship tank cleaning and related operations. Data from industry surveys, shipboard studies and laboratory investigations were used to provide a state-of-the-art review and to develop recommendations/guidelines that will increase the safety of tank cleaning operations, reduce the oil pollution of the oceans and reduce the cost and effort involved in tank cleaning. Major report sections review and evaluate equipment and operational procedures employed in tank washing, slop separation and handling, and tank atmosphere control. Specific findings emphasize the importance of training of tanker operational personnel. Guidelines for improved training programs are provided, as well as recommendations for further research and development. KW - Cleaning KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/392647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657848 AU - Harbridge House AU - Maritime Administration TI - IMPACT OF NEOBULK SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ON THE U.S.-FLAG LINER FLEET PY - 1974/03/04 SP - 29 p. AB - In 1973, the Maritime Administration issued a contract to Harbridge House, Inc., to investigate the impact of neobulk operations on existing U.S.-flag operations. Specifically, Harbridge House was to examine: (1) the effect on existing U.S.-flag operators of the development of competing neobulk shipping systems by others in their own trades; (2) the effect on existing U.S.-flag operators of expanding their own efforts in the neobulk cargo market in their own trades; and (3) the potential for U.S.-flag exploitation of new trades. This document is the final report on the Harbridge House investigation of these areas. KW - Bulk trade KW - Competition KW - Neobulk shipping KW - Shipowners and operators KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Trade development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658266 AU - Tudos, J AU - Emery, R AU - Mark Battle Associates AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBUILDING MANPOWER STUDY PY - 1974/03 AB - The primary purpose of this study was to survey and document the manpower status for shipyards in the Atlantic Coast, Great Lakes, and Pacific Coast shipbuilding regions. Analysis of the data collected for the study provides: (1) a detailed description of the manpower status in 57 shipyards in the three regions surveyed; (2) an assessment of factors within the shipyards that influence the availability of specialized skills in these yards; (3) an assessment of future skilled manpower requirements; and (4) an analysis of skilled and semiskilled production workers by occupation, geographic area, and type of shipyard. KW - Atlantic Coast (United States) KW - Great Lakes KW - Labor market KW - Manpower availability KW - Maritime industry KW - Pacific Coast (United States) KW - Pacific States KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172372 AU - Stern, C AU - Data Architects, Incorporated TI - MARITIME DATA CODING SYSTEM: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1974/03 SP - 14 p. AB - This report describes the development of a system for the Maritime Administration to provide an in-house capability for processing of preference cargo bills of lading. The report includes a description of the delivered system and the results of an operational evaluation. KW - Bills of lading KW - Cargo preference KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Marine data systems KW - Maritime information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084844 AU - Shoushanian, G AU - Magnavox Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME SATELLITE BASELINE SYSTEM CONCEPT STUDY PY - 1974/03 SP - 183 p. AB - A baseline Martime satellite communication system was selected from a number of candidate systems based on minimum cost to the user. These candidate systems were formulated from the results of analyses of the various techniques required to implement a satellite communication system (i.e., access control, multiple access, and modulation). The formulation of the candidate systems was based on the best application of compatible techniques for the most technical system concepts. KW - Communication systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Navigational satellites KW - Radio KW - Satellite communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071701 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NORTH AMERICAN PORT DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE SURVEY PY - 1974/03 SP - 35 p. AB - As part of its statutory responsibility to promote the development of efficient ports, the Maritime Administration conducted this survey to compile and analyze capital expenditure data for marine terminal facilities in the principal ports of the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico from 1966 through 1972 including projections through 1977. By utilizing data from previous surveys since 1946, the end product of this effort is a 32-year picture of past and future capital commitments on the part of the port industry in North American to provide the terminal port facilities to serve ocean shippers. Results of this survey should assist individual ports in measuring their port development progress and planning future terminal expansion programs. KW - Capital investments KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Marine terminals KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656949 AU - Larsen, L H AU - Fenton, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPEN OCEAN WAVE STUDIES, VOLUME 1 PY - 1974/02 SP - 40 p. AB - The report of which this constitutes Volume 1 is the final report to the U.S. Maritime Administration on the Cobb Wave Spectra grant. The project involved the construction, installation and later recovery of a self-recording subsurface pressure gage to operate on the summit of Cobb Seamount, a location about 270 nautical miles seaward of the southern part of the State of Washington. The program was begun in response to the needs of those concerned with modeling the behavior of ships in a seaway and for those whose responsibility it is to design and insure vessels. The data discussed in the report represent a first effort at obtaining open ocean wave data in a format suitable for extensive analysis. This first volume contains an interpretation and discussion of the results. For related documents, see AN 8829, AN 8830. KW - Cobb seamount KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Measuring instruments KW - North Pacific Ocean KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater structures KW - Wave climate KW - Wave measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398595 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656650 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1974/02 SP - 34 p. AB - This document presents a summary of a comprehensive study effort that assesses the present and probable future market prospects for domestic marine transportation. Three trade areas are covered by the study: inland waterways, domestic ocean (coastwise, intercoastal, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska) and the Great Lakes. In addition to the Executive Summary, there are 23 reports that comprise this market analysis. These include trade area reports, legal and financial analyses, trade flow forecasts, and several appendices. KW - Alaska KW - Commodity flow KW - Competition KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Great Lakes KW - Hawaii KW - Inland waterways KW - Maritime industry KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Puerto Rico KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Water transportation KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658722 AU - City of Tacoma AU - Maritime Administration TI - HARBOR SERVICE CRAFT REQUIREMENTS STUDY, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1974/02 SP - Various p. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop performance specifications for a multi-purpose service craft for Tacoma, Washington. Functions to be carried out by this craft include firefighting, law enforcement, search and rescue, and pollution control. It was determined that, in order to meet the Tacoma Harbor requirements successfully, a multi-purpose craft must be relatively small and fast; have a substantial fire pumping capacity; generate very little wake; operate in four-foot significant sea states; be capable of negotiating shallow water; and provide reliable performance in each of its several modes. KW - Fire boats KW - Harbors KW - Multipurpose vessels KW - Pleasure craft KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Small craft KW - Specifications KW - Tacoma Harbor UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658506 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A STUDY TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY IN GREAT LAKES IRON ORE VESSEL TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/02 SP - 73 p. AB - The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine and develop alternative methods for vessel transportation beyond those presently in use between Lake Superior and the lower lake unloading facilities, with emphasis on the economics of unloading ore at South Chicago, Detroit and at the principal Lake Erie ports; and (2) to assess the net transportation cost per ton of iron ore delivered at lower lake facilities. KW - Costs KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Iron ores KW - Lake Erie KW - Lake Superior KW - Ports KW - Shipping KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656656 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS: INLAND WATERWAYS TRADE AREA, FINAL REPORT PY - 1974/02 SP - Various p. AB - For abstract, refer to AN 8668, Record 10285 KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656669 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS, FINAL REPORT: TRADE AREA PY - 1974/02 SP - Various p. AB - For abstract, refer to AN 8668, Record 10285 KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656668 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS, FINAL REPORT: GREAT LAKES TRADE AREAS PY - 1974/02 SP - Various p. AB - For abstract, refer to AN 8668, Record 10285 KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Shipping KW - Trade KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149328 AU - Day, W G AU - David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TI - EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH RELATIVE TO IMPROVING THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF OCEAN GOING TUG/BARGE SYSTEMS PART A, RESISTANCE AND PROPULSION EXPERIMENTS PY - 1974/02 SP - 43 p. AB - This report presents the results of resistance and propulsion experiments conducted with three tug/barge concepts. Concept I consists of a tug and barge coupled together to form a rigid body and Concept II permits only relative pitch freedom. Concept III is similar to Concept II in that the same barge and pin location was used and relative pitch freedom. The resistance experiments showed little difference between the Series 60 parent hull and the Case I tug/barge system. For Case 2, the effective horsepower was 15% greater than for Case 1. For the Case 3 configuration, the effective horsepower was 21% greater than for case 1 at design speed and draft. The propulsion experiments also reflect the increases in resistance. KW - Barges KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Resistance tests KW - Tests KW - Tug barge linkage KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64729 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00098249 JO - Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse PB - Information Transfer, Incorporated AU - Wilcox, R AU - Information Transfer, Incorporated AU - Information Transfer, Incorporated TI - A PROGRAM FOR HANDLING EMERGENCY OIL SPILLAGES IN THE PORT OF BALTIMORE PY - 1974/02 SP - p. 225-235 AB - This report describes equipment and methods used for oil removal by the Maryland Port Administration from the Baltimore harbor waters. KW - Oil recovery equipment KW - Oil removal equipment KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40070 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00098246 JO - Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse PB - Information Transfer, Incorporated AU - VanVoorhis, P W AU - Information Transfer, Incorporated AU - Information Transfer, Incorporated TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL POLLUTION IN AND AROUND U.S. WATERS PY - 1974/02 SP - p. 207-224 AB - The 1972 amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act extended and strengthened the U.S. Coast Guard's regulatory authority for the control of oil and hazardous substances which are discharged into U.S. coastal waters. The Coast Guard has a number of regulatory responsibilities under this act, including prevention of oil and hazardous substances, inspection of vessels carrying oil and hazardous substances, and vessel sewage treatment control. This paper discusses the oil pollution problem in the United States today, and the Coast Guard's growing program to combat it. The primary emphasis is on the oil discharges which have occurred in or upon U.S. waters between 1970 and 1972, concentrating on frequency, volume, causes and characteristics, and the problems and expense associated with removal. KW - Detectors KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill control KW - Oil spill detection KW - Oil spill prevention KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution control KW - Prevention UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051869 AU - Steinman, G C AU - Chappel, W B AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE MARAD POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1974/02 SP - 124 p. AB - The paper presents an overview of the Maritime Administration basic goals and missions in the measures taken to abate and control pollution from ships. The main thrust of the agency-wide program is in the prevention of oil pollution through cost effective measures which would maintain the competitive position of the U.S. merchant fleet. The Marad pollution abatement program is based on the achievement of our National goals of the elimination of the intentional pollution by ships by 1975 and the minimization of accidental pollution by the end of the decade. Emphasis is placed on reaching these goals through international agreements. The impact of the 1973 IMCO Marine Pollution Convention is analyzed for economic and environmental factors. KW - Cooperation KW - International KW - International compacts KW - Pollution KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Regulation KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051030 AU - Black, R W AU - Department of Commerce TI - OFFSHORE OIL TERMINAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR UNITED STATES WATERS PY - 1974/01/07 SP - 14 p. AB - There is economic pressure to use very large crude oil tankers to carry oil to U.S. refineries. These tankers of 200,000 to 500,000 dead weight tons need harbors with 60 to 90 feet of water. The U.S. East Coast and Gulf Coast ports are limited to 38 to 42 foot draft vessels. Dredging costs for these larger tankers are staggering. Environmental damage such dredging would causes adds to the need to find a better way to handle these vessels. Single Point Mooring Buoys with pipelines located offshore is one potential system with several advantages. This report examines the advantages and assesses the environmental impact of their use. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Offshore loading KW - Offshore moorings KW - Offshore terminals KW - Offshore transfer KW - Petroleum economics KW - Petroleum industry KW - Single point moorings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/13934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651007 AU - Ingalls Shipbuilding Division AU - Maritime Administration TI - MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT STUDY PY - 1974/01 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate material handling techniques and equipment currently used in U.S. shipyards and to determine methods of expediting and lowering the cost of the material handling function. Volume 1 is the summary technical report documenting the results of the overall effort. Volume 2 contains a series of appendices which consist of the back-up technical data for the report. KW - Equipment KW - Heavy lift equipment KW - Materials management KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Pallets KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658547 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT ON THE NEED, POSSIBLE USES FOR AND ECONOMICS OF AMERICAN FLAG AUTOMOBILE CARRIERS PY - 1974/01 SP - 20 p. AB - This study examined the possible role of American-flag automobile carriers in transatlantic and cabotage trades. Issues dealt with include: the relationship between automobile export volume and the feasibility of newbuilding U.S.-flag car carriers; the possibility of converting surplus vessels to serve as car carriers; the feasibility of using car carriers in the U.S.-Puerto Rico trade; and the role of pure car carriers in national defense preparedness. KW - Automobile rack cars KW - Car carriers KW - Competition KW - Defense preparedness KW - Exports KW - Ship conversion KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151327 AU - Litton Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1974/01 SP - 36 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate material handling techniques and equipment currently used in U.S. shipyards and to determine methods of expediting and lowering the cost of the material handling function. Volume 1 is the summary technical report documenting the results of the overall effort. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Conveyors KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineering KW - Cranes KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Handbooks KW - Lift trucks KW - Lifting equipment KW - Materials management KW - Methodology KW - Pallets KW - Platforms KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Structural steel KW - Technology KW - Trailers KW - Transportation KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151326 AU - Litton Systems, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - MATERIALS HANDLING EQUIPMENT. VOLUME II. APPENDIXES PY - 1974/01 SP - 143 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate material handling techniques and equipment currently used in U.S. shipyards and to determine methods of expediting and lowering the cost of the material handling function. Volume 2 contains a series of appendixes containing back-up technical data for the report. KW - Bulldozers KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Conveyors KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineering KW - Cranes KW - Data collection KW - Economic analysis KW - Elevators KW - Fork lifts KW - Hoists KW - Interviewing KW - Lift trucks KW - Lifting equipment KW - Loaders KW - Locomotives KW - Materials management KW - Operating costs KW - Pallets KW - Questionnaires KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyards KW - Statistics KW - Technology KW - Trailers KW - Transportation KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511093 AU - United States Maritime Administration TI - Bulk chemical carrier construction program : environmental impact statement PY - 1974///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658680 AU - Young, D B AU - Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Co. AU - Sea Use Foundation AU - Maritime Administration TI - DIRECTIONAL WAVE SPECTRA INVESTIGATIONS IN THE NORTH PACIFIC PY - 1974 AB - The objectives of these investigations were to collect and analyze wave and ship strain data from the North Pacific Ocean and to convert the results into information most useful to naval architects and ship designers. Additionally, a bridge-mounted stress warning system was to be developed and tested, and, based on the experience gained during the investigations, specifications were to be prepared for a low cost, high-reliability ship strain recording system. KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Instrumentation KW - Japan Mail (Ship) KW - North Pacific Ocean KW - Phillipine mail (Vessel) KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strain measurement KW - Strains KW - Stresses KW - Warning systems KW - Wave height UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151314 AU - Alia, B L AU - Brayton, W C AU - Bethlehem Steel Corporation AU - American Bureau of Shipping AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPYARD WELDING - TOUGHNESS EVALUATION OF ELECTROGAS AND ELECTROSLAG WELDMENTS PY - 1974 SP - 134 p. AB - A report is made on the results of a project which evaluated the toughness of Electroslag and Electrogas Weldments as compared to other welding processes such as manual metal arc and submerged metal arc. The results indicate several areas in ship construction where present limitation on the use of high-heat input welding, such as electrogas/electroslag, may be relaxed. KW - Destructive testing KW - Destructive tests KW - Electric arc welding KW - Electroslag welding KW - Evaluation KW - Gas metal arc welding KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Mechanical tests KW - Metal plates KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Shipbuilding KW - Steel KW - Strength of materials KW - Submerged arc welding KW - Toughness KW - Weld strength KW - Welded joints KW - Weldments KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151324 AU - Thorell, L M AU - Mirick, W AU - Nowacki, L J AU - General Dynamics AU - Maritime Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF NON-POLLUTING, SOLVENT-FREE, LIQUID RESIN COATING SYSTEMS FOR SHIPS PY - 1974 SP - 39 p. AB - The objective of the research was to develop liquid, solvent-free coating system and practical methods for their application in shipyards. The report describes the results of this research which demonstrates the feasibility of solvent-free liquid resin coatings under laboratory conditions. KW - Coating performance KW - Coating processes KW - Coatings KW - Epoxy coatings KW - Epoxy resins KW - Plastic coatings KW - Plastic paints KW - Polyamide resins KW - Polyurethane coatings KW - Polyurethane resins KW - Protective coatings KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Spray coating KW - Sprayers KW - Sprays (Materials) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656528 AU - Ingalls Shipbuilding Division AU - Maritime Administration TI - BULK COMMODITIES FORM CHANGES AND ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION MODES PY - 1973/12/31 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify and develop means of reducing the transportation and handling costs of bulk commodities through form change and alternative transport modes and to incorporate these improvements into ocean transport systems in which U.S. flag shipping would be maximally competitive with foreign flag operators. The system proposed is based upon a dual-pipeline system across Central America suitable for about 8 million tons per annum of slurried coal westbound and about 9 million tons of crude oil eastbound. The report provides a complete engineering analysis of the pipeline systems and shoreside handling storage facilities as well as a comprehensive design for Atlantic and Pacific fleet ships to handle these commodities in a backhaul mode of operation. A complete market and financial analysis is presented. The report also describes general approaches and specific analytical tools with which further studies of ocean transport systems can be carried out. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Coal KW - Coal industry KW - Competition KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Crude oil KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Slurry pipelines KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658508 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - WORLD TANKER SUPPLY/DEMAND ANALYSIS 1975-1985 PY - 1973/12 SP - 12 p. AB - Topics covered include: forecast tanker demand/supply 1975-1985; forecast of seaborne trade in crude oil and refined products to U.S. ports 1975-1985; forecast of seaborne trade in crude oil and refined products to other than U.S. ports; forecast tanker supply 1975-1985; and forecast combined carrier supply 1975-1985. KW - Combination carriers KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Oil transportation KW - Petroleum industry KW - Supply KW - Supply (Economics) KW - Tankers KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649700 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 3: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF U.S. AND FOREIGN MANNING LAWS PY - 1973/12 SP - 237 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 3 was to compare U.S. Merchant Marine manning laws with those of major foreign maritime nations to determine whether or not those laws inhibit effective competition and, if so, what changes are necessary or desirable to eliminate disadvantageous provisions. The report compares the manning laws and regulations of the United States with those of Liberia, Japan, the United Kingdom, Norway, Greece, West Germany, and Sweden in three major categories: manning requirements, qualification requirements, and work rules. The report also compares data on actual manning levels and crew costs for merchant vessels of the same eight countries. The analysis finds that manning requirements, qualification requirements, and work rules among the eight countries are, in general, comparable with some significant exceptions. Comparison of actual manning levels reveals that the differences among the countries studied are relatively small. U.S. total crew manning is slightly above average, primarily due to the large proportion of steam vessels with their inherently higher manning requirements in the U.S. merchant fleet. Comparison of actual and required manning levels reveals that ships of all countries studied are manned in excess of legal requirements. U.S. ships are manned approximately 24% in excess of legal requirements. U.S. manning costs were found to be four times greater than average foreign costs and thus a major factor in the current disadvantageous competitive position of the U.S. Merchant Marine. A major conclusion is that reductions in manning are a feasible means by which the U.S. can improve its competitive position, but that certain changes in manning laws and Coast Guard manning standards are necessary before truly functional manning levels can be achieved. Recommendations are made for changes in international law, U.S. law, and Coast Guard manning standards, as well as for coordinated actions by unions and management to achieve manning levels which would put the U.S. Merchant Marine in a more competitive economic position. KW - Crew costs KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Motor skills KW - Recommendations KW - Reduced crews KW - Regulations KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00035956 AU - SCHWIMMER, M J AU - AMUNDSEN, P A AU - National Maritime Research Center, Kings Point TI - MANAGEMENT OF A SEAPORT PY - 1973/12 SP - 594 p. AB - In the fall of 1971, the Maritime Administration contacted the Management Research Division of the National Maritime Research Center and asked us to develop a course and discipline concerning the Management of a Seaport. This manuscript is the foundation document for a course in scientific management of a modern seaport. The objective of the work is to provide the reader with a basic understanding of seaport systems, their development and operation, and their interrelationships with land and water carriers. It is designed to broaden the perspective and understanding of the vessel operator and to give visibility and extension to the range of career opportunities available in the broader spectrum of United States Maritime Industries. The authors believe that the reader will find this work to be the most comprehensive treatment of the port industry recently undertaken. The scope and applicability of the text has been broadened by including a series of practical problems in business administration, including law, economics, finance, management, accounting, marketing, planning, public relations, and personnel administration. KW - Cargo handling KW - Crew training (General) KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Port finance KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Ship crews KW - Trade KW - Trade development KW - Training KW - Transportation planning KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/5598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658545 AU - Lorain Electronics Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROTOTYPE SYSTEM OPERATION: PLANS FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL FACSIMILE AND PRINTER PROGRAMS PY - 1973/11/02 SP - 13 p. AB - This report, prepared by Lorain Electronics Corporation for MARAD, deals with plans for the provision of facsimile (FAX) and teleprinter (Printer) services. Such services were to be offered between ships and points on shore, such as shipping company offices, and between ships and the system operation center. Topics covered include: Lorain's research as to the interest of potential users in Fax and Printer services: characteristics unique to Fax and Printer, from the user's viewpoint; and typical applications for which potential users feel these services will be best suited. KW - Communications KW - Facsimile KW - Planning KW - Programs KW - Radio KW - Ship to shore KW - Telex KW - Telex communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656951 AU - Larsen, L H AU - Fenton, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPEN OCEAN WAVE STUDIES, VOLUME 3 PY - 1973/11 SP - Various p. AB - The report of which this constitutes Volume 3 is the final report to the U.S. Maritime Administration on the Cobb Wave Spectra grant. The project involved the construction, installation and later recovery of a self-recording subsurface pressure gage to operate on the summit of Cobb Seamount, a location about 270 nautical miles seaward of the southern part of the State of Washington. The program was begun in response to the needs of those concerned with modeling the behavior of ships in a seaway and for those whose responsibility it is to design and insure vessels. The data discussed in the report represent a first effort at obtaining open ocean wave data in a format suitable for extensive analysis. This third volume is an engineering manual for the instrumentation used to collect the data, the Cobb Wave Spectra Recorder. The volume contains a general description of the system; a sequential operator's manual for checkout and field operation; information on component functioning; procedures for inspection, maintenance and assembly of components; information on data gathering and data processing; information on sensor calibration and component testing; and an appendix for general reference material, including parts lists and drawings. For related documents see, AN 8828 and AN 8829. KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Measuring instruments KW - North Pacific Ocean KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater structures KW - Wave climate KW - Wave measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095112 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF LNG MARINE TRANSPORTATION FOR THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION. VOLUME I PY - 1973/11 SP - 307 p. AB - This report is an analysis of the transportation of liquefied natural gas by sea. It describes the potential size of the LNG tanker fleet required for projected U.S. LNG imports and the risks associated with U.S. LNG ship construction, operation and LNG importation. Specifically, it includes risks such as the shipbuilder's potential for overrun, the operator's exposure to off-hire and the containment tank subcontractor's chances of building excess capacity. Recommendations are made for measures, other than R and D, that could reduce risks. Finally, an economic and a technical analysis of 19 second-generation LNG ship concepts is described leading to recommendations for MARAD supported R and D. KW - Chemical tankers KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng economics KW - Lng transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00056941 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT ON RAIL AND MARINE INTERFACE AT THE PORT OF BALTIMORE PY - 1973/11 SP - 21 p. AB - The report examines the elements of cost, time and distance involved in the interface of marine terminal operations with those of the rail carriers for the Baltimore port complex specifically as they relate to the U.S. operators. The purpose of the report was to analyze and evaluate the rail carrier/ocean carrier interchange of equipment and recommend actions to them which would contribute towards a more efficient and economical intermodal transport system and assist in further enhancing the competitiveness of the American merchant marine. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658072 AU - Harrison, J F AU - Wahle, H W AU - Babcock and Wilcox Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - CNSG PRESSURE SUPPRESSION TEST PROGRAM PY - 1973/10 AB - This research involved the performance evaluation of the pressure suppression system for a consolidated nuclear steam generator (CNSG) under simulated accident and ship attitude conditions. A model of the CNSG pressure system was tested at simulated ship attitudes of varying degrees, ranging from 0 to 180. Volume 1 discusses the experimental and analytical work performed, while Volume 2 presents the data recorded for each of 28 tests. KW - Boilers KW - Consolidated nuclear steam generator KW - Model tests KW - Nuclear energy KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Pressure KW - Simulation KW - Suppression UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099928 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONTAINER DAMAGE BY FIRE PY - 1973/10 SP - 24 p. AB - In June 1973, the first incident involving a major fire aboard a containership occurred. The Maritime Administration felt that containership operators and container builders could improve container design and manufacture, methods of handling, and ship stowage as a result of knowledge from the fire. For this reason, the Agency sponsored a special symposium on October 10, 1973, to discuss the behavior of the containers during and after the collision and fire aboard the C/V SEA WITCH. The symposium was conducted by individuals who had an administrative or investigative role in the accident. The program consisted of an extensive slide presentation with commentary by the panel. A series of deductions and recommendations on courses of future action are presented. KW - Container damage prevention KW - Container stowage KW - Containers KW - Fire exposure tests KW - Fire resistant coatings KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Flammability tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656931 AU - Levine, G H AU - Voelker, R P AU - Kotras, T V AU - Arctec, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - A FULL SCALE TEST PROGRAM ON A GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER DURING WINTER OPERATIONS PY - 1973/09/07 SP - 187 p. AB - The results of a full-scale test program carried out by Arctec, Inc. for the U.S. Maritime Administration are reviewed. The program had two purposes, the first of which was to test the effectiveness of an Air Coating System (ACS) in improving the performance of the bulk carrier LEON FRASER in mush ice and broken channels. The second purpose was to measure ice forces on the hull structure. For this, five arrays of strain gages were placed to measure forces caused by straight ahead operation in uniform sheet ice and by turns in restricted channels where the bow and stern would be hitting the edge of the unbroken ice sheet. A total of four round trips were made by the test team and resulted in 57 numbered tests on both the ACS and strain gages. The unusual mildness of the winter weather during the test period prevented the collection of enough data on the ACS to make good engineering decisions regarding its value, although certain tentative conclusions are presented. KW - Air bubbling systems KW - Air coating systems KW - Evaluation KW - Great Lakes KW - Hull surveillance KW - Ice forces KW - Ice navigation KW - Leon Fraser (Bulk carrier) KW - Ore carriers KW - Prototype tests KW - Winter navigation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658068 AU - Carr, F AU - Ghais, A F AU - Federal Aviation Administration AU - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard AU - Transportation Research Board AU - European Space Research Organization AU - Canadian Ministry of Transport TI - INTEGRATED TEST PLAN FOR ATS-F L-BAND EXPERIMENT PY - 1973/09 AB - NASA has developed facilities for conducting mobile satellite communications experiments in the L-Band spectrum allocation for aeronautical/maritime satellite relay communications as defined by the World Administrative Radio Conference for Satellite Communications in 1971. This multi-volume work presents an integrated, international test plan for aeronautical and maritime L-Band communications tests utilizing the NASA ATS-F and ATS-5 satellites during the first year after ATS-F launch. The plan includes proposed technological experimentation and applications evaluation tests. Volume 3 deals specifically with individual maritime test plans, including proposals, shipboard antenna tests, position determination tests, multipath and antenna pattern measurement, L-Band EPIRB buoy tests, maritime satellite tests, and communications performance tests. KW - Antennas KW - Ats-5 (Satellite) KW - Epirbs KW - L band KW - Navigational satellites KW - Performance evaluations KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Satellite communication KW - U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657536 AU - Breit Engineering AU - Maritime Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE COSTS OF SELECTED RIVER TANK BARGE CONFIGURATONS PY - 1973/09 SP - 84 p. AB - Life cycle costs of representative single skin, double wall and double hull tank barges of the existing 1973 river fleet are estimated. Costs of modifications to convert single skin barges to alternative configurations, including double wall and double hull, and of various methods of strengthening, are also estimated. Tables and graphs show life cycle costs at 5, 10, and 15% discount rates. KW - Estimates KW - Life cycle costing KW - Modifications KW - Retrofitting KW - Tank barges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00054175 AU - Maritime Administration TI - IS IT TIME FOR A CHANGE? PY - 1973/09 SP - 119 p. AB - Eighteen papers are presented in this symposium dealing with the state of the art of cargo and transporter liability insurance. The advent of containerization, lash barges, fast ships and other rapid change has placed a heavy burden on older concepts to live up to the pace created by modern technology. The attendees heard and discussed 12 papers dealing with proposed changes in current law dealing with liability for cargo damage and loss. The proposals now before the United Nations for changes were discussed. No summary or conclusions were reached. KW - Cargo insurance KW - Freight documents KW - Insurance rates KW - Liability insurance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166734 AU - Battilana, W W AU - Wallace, L F AU - Brewer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated TI - THE MEASUREMENT OF HULL AND LINE SHAFT STRESSES IN RESPONSE TO CRANE AND SEA STATE LOADINGS, S.S. PHILIPPINE BEAR PY - 1973/08/17 SP - 317 p. AB - Approximately eight weeks of wave, trim, and cargo induced stress data were obtained on a single LASH-type cargo vessel operating in the Gulf of Mexico, the U.S. Pacific West Coast, and the South Pacific Ocean to Australia. Data were taken from strain gages mounted on hull longitudinal and transverse members in the inner bottom structure, on the shaft thrust bearing casing and foundation, and on the lower main gear case and foundation, as well as strain gage telementry units mounted on the rotating propeller shaft. Specific hull and shafting response was ideally measured during short-term loading to two-million pounds by means of the vessel cargo handling lighter crane. Additional measurements of deflection were taken by means of a jig transit, linear variable differential transducers (LVDT's), strain gage deflectometers, and a laser alignment system. KW - Communication devices KW - Deflection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Hull deflection KW - Hull instrumentation KW - Hull stress KW - Hulls KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Propeller shaft stresses KW - Propeller shafts KW - Sea states KW - Ship hulls KW - Strain gages KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Telemetry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658510 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - STATUS OF PROPOSED DEEPWATER LIQUID AND DRY BULK REDISTRIBUTION TERMINALS INTENDED TO SERVE U.S. GULF, U.S. EAST COAST, EASTERN CANADA, AND THE GREAT LAKES PY - 1973/08/15 SP - 38 p. AB - This document reports on the development and status of proposed terminals to handle VLCCs within U.S. jurisdiction, and of proposed redistribution (transshipment) and/or oil refinery facilities at nearby locations outside U.S. jurisdiction (e.g., Canada and the Caribbean). KW - Canada KW - Caribbean Sea KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Large tankers KW - Petroleum refineries KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Refineries KW - Shipments KW - Transshipment KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656348 AU - Chirillo, L D AU - Todd Pacific Shipyards Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - FRAME SPACING, ALTERNATE SHAPES FOR LONGITUDINALS, AND WIDER PLATES FOR PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1973/08 SP - 109 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of increased frame spacing, the use of alternate structural shapes for stiffeners, and the use of wider plates on vessels to reduce construction costs. Equations were developed for the evaluation of the costs that would apply to alternate configurations of two real ship designs--a tanker and a containership. Based on these equations, the cost savings potential of seven alternate configurations for each vessel type was assessed. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Frames KW - Longitudinal members KW - National Shipbuilding Research Program KW - Plates KW - Plates (Engineering) KW - Productivity KW - Shipbuilding KW - Stiffeners KW - Stiffeners (Plates) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656526 AU - Arctic Institute of North America AU - Maritime Administration TI - ARCTIC MARINE COMMERCE, FINAL REPORT PY - 1973/08 AB - This two-volume report investigates the American interest in the development of arctic marine commerce in the light of energy and hard mineral resource development to the year 2000. Volume 1 deals with such issues as estimated gas and oil reserves in arctic Alaska; the need for ice-transiting oil tankers, LNG tankers, and ore carriers for arctic operations to supplement pipeline transportation; and technological problems associated with building offshore terminals and deepwater ports in arctic Alaska. Volume 2 describes the design requirements for arctic vessels, and presents a method for estimating their acquisition and operating costs. KW - Alaska KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Arctic resources KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Ice transiting vessels KW - Icebreakers KW - Offshore terminals KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657244 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CONCEPT 2 TUG (ARTUBAR SINGLESCREW) PY - 1973/07/09 SP - Various p. AB - The objective of this project was to check the technical feasiblility of a design for an Artubar type singlescrew tug for propelling a 47,000 dwt barge at a service speed of 18 knots. The check was made on the basis of preliminary design sketches and calculations prepared only in sufficient depth to establish with reasonable certainty that the design is feasible and technically attainable. The check was not extensive enough to provide assurance that the design would ultimately be approved by the U.S. Coast Guard or that it is economically practical. KW - Barges KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657245 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CONCEPT 3 TUG (ARTUBAR TWINSCREW) PY - 1973/07/09 SP - Various p. AB - The objective of this project was to check the technical feasibility of a design for an Artubar type twinscrew tug for propelling a 47,000 dwt barge at a service speed of 17 knots. The check was made on the basis of preliminary design sketches and calculations prepared only in sufficient depth to establish with reasonable certainty that the design is feasible and technically attainable. The check was not extensive enough to provide assurance that the design would ultimately be approved by the U.S. Coast Guard or that it is economically practical. KW - Barges KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00048084 AU - Dalzell, J F AU - Klosinski, W E AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - SEAKEEPING TESTS OF A 250,000 DWT TANKER MODEL IN VARIOUS BALLAST CONDITIONS PY - 1973/07 SP - 42 p. AB - The objective of the work was to produce model data to aid in the evaluation of the effect of different ballast displacements on seakeeping behavior of a typical 250,000 DWT tanker. A series of tests were made at three headings in long-crested irregular waves of two levels of severity. Additional parametric variations included four model displacement conditions and two speeds. Heave motions were of lower magnitude than would in general be expected. The most violent longitudinal motions occurred in bow seas. In general, the influence of ballast condition on motion magnitudes is not large. The incidence of propeller emergence appears worse in bow seas. Similarly, the effect of forward draft on keel emergence and the incidence of re-entry velocities greater than 17 ft/sec is very strong. It is apparent from the head sea relative motion results that the model was on the verge of supercritical operation in the model seas. This is important from the point of view of data interpretation and eventual design conclusions. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Ballast condition KW - Irregular waves KW - Maneuverability KW - Seakeeping KW - Segregated ballast tankers KW - Tankers KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00048085 AU - Eda, H AU - Klosinski, W E AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - MANEUVERING CHARACTERISTICS OF TANKERS--EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BALLAST DISPLACEMENTS ON SHIP PERFORMANCE PY - 1973/07 SP - 38 p. AB - A study was made to evaluate the effect of ballast displacements on tanker maneuvering performance. A series of rotating-arm tests were made using a 5.17-ft. long model of a 250,000 DWT tanker to determine the necessary hydrodynamic coefficients for maneuvering motion predictions. Predictions of trajectories in entering turns, in Z-maneuvers, and in spiral maneuvers, indicate that the lightest loading condition (30% Load) among the three conditions examined in this study possesses the best overall maneuvering performance in calm water. An analysis based on the strip theory was made to estimate oscillatory yaw and sway motions in regular waves. Results indicate that the oscillatory yaw and sway motions are the largest for the lightest loading condition in quartering seas although the differences among the three conditions are not significant. It is expected that the lightest loading condition encounters the greastest difficulty in maneuvering under the presence of wind and wave disturbances. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast condition KW - Maneuverability KW - Maneuvering KW - Seakeeping KW - Tanker maneuvering KW - Tankers KW - Zig zag tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047750 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPOSED SHORE FACILITY FOR TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF SHIP GENERATED OILY WASTES PY - 1973/06/15 SP - 61 p. AB - The Maritime Administration proposes to lease to the Virginia Port Authority a surplus U.S. Navy complex, known as Cheatham Annex, located in York County, Virginia, for use as a facility for processing oily wastes from ships' tanks, bilges and ballast operations. The proposed project is expected to provide a beneficial impact by providing a facility where such oily wastes can be collected and treated prior to discharge into the York River. The project will increase barge traffic on the York River, oily odors in the vicinity will be created, solid wastes must be disposed of, and it is possible that oil spills will occur. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Bilge water treatment KW - Bilges KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Oil separators KW - Oily ballast disposal KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148465 AU - Gertler, M AU - Kohl, R E AU - Kirkman, K L AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A SYSTEMATIC SERIES OF LOW LENGTH-BEAM RATIO, HIGH BLOCK COEFFICIENT MERCHANT SHIP FORMS PY - 1973/06 SP - 287 p. AB - An experimental investigation was carried out with a systematic series of low length-beam ratio, high block coefficient merchant ship forms to provide fundamental hydrodynamic data primarily applicable to design and economic studies of large, bulk carrier ship types. A suitable parent and system for generating offspring forms was developed based on the premise of attaining good hydrodynamic characteristics while satisfying practical design requirements for single-screw ships at the extremes of the hull proportion range covered. Eight 18 to 26-foot models were constructed to represent the following hull variations: longitudinal center of buoyancy between 2.5 and 3.5 percent forward of midships with constant length-beam ratio of 5.5, block coefficient of 0.875 and beam-draft ratio of 3.0; length-beam ratio between 5.5 and 6.5 with constant block coefficient of 0.875, beam-draft ratio of 3.0, and longitudinal center of buoyancy position of 2.5 percent; and length-beam ratio between 4.5 and 5.5 with constant block coefficient of 0.85, beam-draft ratio of 3.0, and longitudinal center of buoyancy position of 2.5 percent forward of midships. Models were also constructed to represent variations of: diameter and length of horizontal cylindrical bow-bulbs, rudder size, and propeller diameter. The experimental program consisted of planar-motion- mechanism tests to determine stability and control characteristics in addition to the standard resistance and propulsion tests normally conducted for most modern methodical series. The resulting experimental data are presented mainly in the form of nondimensional design charts suitable for application to a wide range of ship sizes. In addition, merit comparisons of various performance characteristics are made and discussed on basis of standard-ship prototypes having equal full-load displacements of 350,000 tons. Test data for individual models as well as detailed descriptions of test apparatus, techniques, and procedures used are presented in the appendixes. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Maneuvering KW - Model testing KW - Naval architecture KW - Planar motion mechanism KW - Power prediction KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Ship design KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044554 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - TECHNICAL REPORT ABSTRACTS--U.S. MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT--1957-1972 PY - 1973/06 SP - p. 260 AB - The Technical Report Abstracts were compiled by the Maritime Research Information Service from research reports sponsored by the Maritime Administration under their Research and Development program. This publication covers their Research and Development effort during the years 1957 - 1972. It is presented in the standard MRIS format. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management KW - Ship management KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10841 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047705 AU - Maritime Administration TI - RELATIVE COST OF SHIPBUILDING PY - 1973/06 SP - 29 p. AB - This fiscal 1973 study report to the Congress shows the cost differential between the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf Coast shipyards to be relatively small. Bids from the various areas do not reflect the theoretical variations in costs. As in the past the recommendation is made that geographical cost differences be considered not sufficiently significant to justify any remedies to equalize costs between the coastal districts. KW - Costs KW - Labor productivity KW - Planning KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Shipyard costs KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047663 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1973/05 SP - 19 p. AB - These General Design Criteria establish minimum requirements for the principal design criteria for water-cooled nuclear power plants and nuclear merchant ships. Where applicable, these criteria are intended for use in design of shore-based support facilities for nuclear merchant ships. The development of the General Design Criteria has been based on USAEC General Design Criteria and accepted practice for safe design and operation of nuclear merchant ships. It is expected that the criteria will be augmented and changed from time to time as important new requirements for this application of nuclear power are developed. Also, some of the specific design requirements for structures, systems and components important to safety, have not as yet been suitably defined. Their omission does not relieve any applicant from considering these matters in the design of a specific facility and satisfying the necessary safety requirements. KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047751 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME ADMINISTRATION TANKER CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM PY - 1973/05 SP - 397 p. AB - Because of the present demand for imported energy products and projected increase in such imports, an important segment of the 1970 Program involves the subsidized construction of liquid bulk carriers or tankers for operation in U.S. foreign trade. This part, the Tanker Program, involves the construction of a mix of tank vessels including handy size tankers, intermediate size tankers, supertankers, jumbo supertankers, and combination ore/bulk/oil carriers (up to 160,000 DWT). The Tanker program is the subject of the statement. This section describes the major elements of the marine environment air, water, and land affected by the construction and operation of the tank vessels. Environmental impact will occur throughout the marine environment, including landward areas, coastal zone and coastal ocean areas and the open oceans lying with the prescribed trade routes for the ships. The statement also considers the amounts of oil pollution, operational and accidental, that may be discharged from the vessels. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Ore carriers KW - Shipbuilding KW - Supertankers KW - Tanker construction KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044573 AU - Giroux, E AU - Computer Sciences Corporation TI - SHIPPING OPERATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1973/05 VL - 1 SP - 68 p. AB - The long-range objective of the Shipping Operations Information System (SOIS) Project is to enhance the competitive posture of U.S. flag carriers by using recent advances in computer and telecommunications technology. The Maritime Administration (MARAD) believes that foreign flag carriers are drawing ahead of the U.S. maritime industry in the application and use of recent technological developments and in deriving managerial benefits from such developments. Consequently, MARAD is sponsoring the SOIS Development Project and has funded Phase 1, Requirements Analysis, in an effort to develop comprehensive, computer-based data processing to improve the responsiveness management, and control of steamship operating procedures. The areas of immediate concern are cargo space documentation, intermodal distribution coordination, fleet resource management, and maritime-government reporting. This first report presents a completed computer program for cargo space documentation. KW - Cargo information systems KW - Cargo movement KW - Commodities KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Freight documents KW - Freight transportation KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047700 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONFERENCE ON TANK CONTAINERS PY - 1973/04/19 SP - 81 p. AB - This Conference was intended to bring together shipper and carrier representatives, along with equipment manufacturers and those government agencies concerned with tank containers used in intermodal transportation. The Question and Answer periods are documentated and truly as informative as the basic presentations. Papers were presented on the following subjects: Carrier Experience, Shipper Experience--Spirits, Shipper Experience--Chemicals, Shipper Experience--Food, Hazardous Material Regulation, Regulations for Portable Tanks, Standard Specificatons for Tank Containers, Tank Designs, and Optional Equipment. KW - Cleaning KW - Container design KW - Container standards KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containers KW - Design KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Standards KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656667 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC WATERBORNE SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS, APPENDIX U: INVESTMENT PROJECTIONS PY - 1973/04/16 SP - Various p. AB - For abstract, refer to AN 8668, Record 10285 KW - Alaska KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic transportation KW - Hawaii KW - Inland waterways KW - Investments KW - Market analysis KW - Market assessment KW - Puerto Rico KW - Shipping KW - Trade routes KW - Waterborne transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044538 AU - Singerman, H H AU - Lindemuth, T E AU - Naval Ship Research and Development Center TI - SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF 'AQUA-SEP' (AQUA-CHEM, INC.) AS AN OIL/WATER SEPARATOR ABOARD THE TANKER S.S. GULF KING PY - 1973/04/13 SP - 22 p. AB - Oily ballast water was used to evaluate an AQUA-SEP oil/water separator aboard the tanker S.S. GULF KING. While the oil content in the effluent water was below 80 parts per million (average oil removal 95.6%), the capacity of the separator was low. Steam flushing of the prefilter was required to lower the pressure drop across the fine mesh fiber glass element. The life of the coalescer elements was short, as indicated by the sharp increase in the pressure drop across the AQUA-SEP stages. KW - Coalescers KW - Oil removal systems KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656958 AU - Drewry, J M AU - FRENCH, S AU - Reed, J C AU - Arctic Institute of North America AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN ARCTIC SUBMARINE PORT FACILITY PY - 1973/04 SP - 66 p. AB - The Arctic Institute was called upon to evaluate certain aspects of the feasibility of offshore Alaska undersea port facilities for large-scale subsurface commercial shipping. This report deals with the project task that called for the Institute to explore the potential of the Alaska Natives (as defined by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act) to participate in the planning, financing, constructing, managing and operating of an oil--and later, possibly, liquefied natural gas--delivery system from northern Alaska to markets via submarine tankers. The technical and economic feasibility of submarine tankers themselves is not part of the task addressed. It was concluded that the Alaska Natives would have the incentive, land resources and funds to participate, and that additional funds might be available from federal, state and private sources in the form of loans, grants or investments. KW - Alaska KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Submarines KW - Underwater construction KW - Underwater structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658509 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - CHARTER MARKET INDEX FOR U.S./SOVIET GRAIN FREIGHT RATES PY - 1973/04 SP - 22 p. AB - The objective of this report was to recommend a charter market index and method of application on which to base U.S./Soviet grain ocean freight rate formulas acceptable to both nations. KW - Chartering KW - Former Soviet Union KW - Freight rates KW - Freight traffic KW - Grain KW - Grain trade KW - Rates KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657558 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PRELIMINARY DESIGN STUDY FOR A NEOBULK CARGO SHIP PY - 1973/04 SP - Various p. AB - This report describes the characteristics of a neobulk cargo ship, with special emphasis on an evaluation of alternative cargo handling systems. Principal characteristics of the vessel are presented, and considerations in the selection of the optimal hull size are discussed. The effect of four alternative cargo handling systems on the cost of moving neobulk cargo is analyzed. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo handling KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Neobulk carriers KW - Neobulk shipping KW - Optimization KW - Ship characteristics KW - Shipping KW - Ships by size KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400079 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047685 AU - MACK-FORLIST, D M AU - Lewis, E V AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture TI - THE ORGANIZATION OF SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH ABOARD AND IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1973/04 SP - 82 p. AB - This report presents a survey of shipbuilding research associations in Europe and Japan and a qualitative evaluation of their effectiveness. It is shown that effectiveness is not directly related to financial outlay but depends greatly on organization and on the relationship between the research association and industry. The organization of U.S. shipbuilding industry is then surveyed and research needs outlined on the basis of shipyard interviews and a questionnaire. General agreement is reported on the importance of research on production-oriented design and on production methods and facilities. The authors recommend that high priority be given also to management techniques and to personnel motivation and training. It is concluded that, since the recent inauguration of a MarAd/SNAME research program, U.S. shipbuilding research is now comparable to or greater in scope and volume than the most extensive programs abroad. Although a strong central coordinating body, representing industry as well as government, is characteristic of foreign shipbuilding research organizations, this country has developed its program through informal cooperation among industry, government, and the Ship Production Committee, SNAME. It is recommended that the present cooperative shipbuilding research program in the U.S. be strengthened by creating a senior central group or Shipbuilders' Research Association to work with R & D sponsors, to be responsible for planning and organizing shipyard research, to improve cohesion and coordination, and to perform contracting and expediting functions as needed. KW - Productivity KW - R and d priorities KW - Research KW - Research management KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipyard survey KW - Shipyards KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044440 AU - Moreau, J O AU - Heigl, J J AU - Esso Research and Engineering Company TI - BAILEY OIL CONTENT MONITOR PY - 1973/04 AB - This report covers an evaluation of the Bailey Monitor aboard the Esso Scotia. As a result of this work, it is concluded that the system is sufficiently sensitive to detect low concentrations of crude oil in water. As a quantitative measuring device, a number of factors affected the accuracy of the system. These included improper calibration and signal saturation effects which can introduce small to major errors in the readings. These errors can be greatly reduced by incorporating a number of improvements pointed out in this report. The manufacturer is currently working on solutions in these problem areas. In summary, the Bailey Oil Content Monitor system appears to offer promise as a sensitive, useful device if certain necessary improvements are made and sufficient attention is given to its installation, use and maintenance. KW - Monitoring KW - Oil spills KW - Oil tankers KW - Water pollution monitoring KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659551 AU - Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration AU - National Maritime Research Center TI - CAORF BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH TOPICS PY - 1973/03/07 SP - 71 p. AB - This report contains a compilation of CAORF (Computer Aided Operations Research Facility) Basic and Applied Research Topics previously recommended by various organizations. Topics with a common theme were combined. KW - Caorf KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657243 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR CONCEPT 1 TUG (MURVICKER TYPE) PY - 1973/03/01 SP - Various p. AB - THe objective of this project was to check the technical feasibility of a design for a Murvicker type tug for propelling a 47,000 dwt barge at a service speed of 18 knots. The check was made on the basis of preliminary design sketches and calculations prepared only in sufficient depth to establish with reasonable certainty that the design is feasible and technically attainable. The check was not extensive enough to provide assurance that the design would ultimately be approved by the U.S. Coast Guard or that it is economically practical. KW - Barges KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649696 AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, PHASE 2A: SHIPBOARD EVALUATION OF PHASE 1 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (TANKER) PY - 1973/03 SP - 195 p. AB - The purpose of Phase 2A was to evaluate the findings and recommendations of the Phase 1 study by observation of actual operations aboard a tanker engaged on its normal trade route. The report describes the organization, manning, skills, procedures, and equipment used to carry out operational, maintenance and administrative functions on board the tanker; compares this observed data with data obtained in the Phase 1 study; and, analyzes the impact of the differences noted on the validity of the Phase 1 findings and recommendations. The evaluation confirms that present technology tankers can be safely and efficiently manned by considerably smaller crews by eliminating non-essential functions, such as the standby watch; by combining functions such as helmsman and lookout; by transferring functions, such as painting, to shore personnel; and, by making minor equipment improvements such as deck-edge remote controls for winches. Extrapolation of the observations to advanced technology ships confirms that significant gains in safety and efficiency as well as further reductions in manning can be achieved with advanced technology systems such as satellite navigation and communication, computer-controlled engineering cargo-handling and collision-avoidance systems, and remote-controlled/automated anchoring and mooring systems. KW - Automation KW - Manning requirements KW - Motor skills KW - Recommendations KW - Reduced crews KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard organization KW - Ships KW - Tankers KW - Telecommunications KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658045 AU - Devanney, J W AU - Lassiter, J B AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OF ARCTIC PETROLEUM RESOURCES PY - 1973/03 SP - Various p. AB - This report constitutes a preliminary investigation of the various modes for transporting Arctic oil to the continental U.S. Available information on pipelines, icebreaking tankers, and submarine tankers is reviewed and translated into a series of computer programs for estimating the transport costs of a given modal link. Various combinations of these links in conjunction with various conventional tanker links are investigated for four basic crude sources: North Slope Alaska, Onshore Canada, Canadian Islands, and Central Siberia. KW - Arctic marine transportation KW - Computer programs KW - Costs KW - Crude oil KW - Estimates KW - Icebreakers KW - Oil transportation KW - Petroleum industry KW - Pipelines KW - Tankers KW - Transportation KW - Transportation costs KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00043202 AU - Jack, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEA TRIALS: SOME RECOMMENDED PRACTICES PY - 1973/02/13 SP - 61 p. AB - This paper discusses some of the common errors committed in conducting sea trials on commercial vessels. Precautions that are covered in the Technical and Research Bulletin C2 Code for Sea Trials, soon to be published by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, have been purposely omitted. The author has attempted to call attention to many accepted practices that can, and often do, produce inaccurate trial results. In addition, there are discussions and recommendations on several long-standing controversies associated with sea trials such as the necessity for shaft calibrations and the allowable factors used in the correction of fuel rates and turbine water rates. KW - Maneuverability KW - Ship trials KW - Standardization KW - Tests KW - Turning characteristics KW - Turning traffic KW - Zig zag tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051028 AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONFERENCE ON REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS PY - 1973/02 SP - 70 p. AB - This conference was the first in a series of Assessment of Technology (AsTec) Conferences to be presented by the Maritime Administration, Office of Ports and Intermodal Systems. Representatives from the shippers, carriers, manufacturers, Maritime Administration and the Department of Agriculture discussed in considerable detail and from a practical point of view, problems and some approaches to their solution concerning standard specification for refrigerated containers; container construction; refrigeration unit capability; instrumentation capability; carriage of fresh fruits, vegetables, meats and poultry; quarantine regulations and product quality maintenance. KW - Cargo ventilation KW - Chilled cargo KW - Container manufacturing KW - Container standards KW - Containers KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Frozen cargo KW - Perishables KW - Refrigerated cargo KW - Refrigeration KW - Refrigeration systems KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/13933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046110 AU - Nale-Povic, J G AU - Maritime Administration TI - FOREIGN OCEANBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. YEAR 1971 PY - 1973/02 SP - 51 p. AB - The document is one of a statistical series of reports on containerized cargo shipments released by the Maritime Administration for the information of industry and interested government agencies. The report is designed to cover those trade areas which have the highest concentration of container shipping. (Author) KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - International trade KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046214 AU - Nale-Povic, J G AU - Maritime Administration TI - FOREIGN OCEANBORNE TRADE OF THE UNITED STATES. CONTAINERIZED CARGO ON SELECTED TRADE ROUTES, CALENDAR YEAR 1971 PY - 1973/02 SP - 51 p. AB - A statistical summary is given of containerized cargo in U. S. foreign oceanborne trade. KW - Atlantic Ocean KW - Cargo transportation KW - Classification KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containerizing KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Ma KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Quarterly summaries KW - Routing KW - Statistics KW - Trade routes KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046153 AU - Advanced Technology Systems, Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED VHF COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM FOR THE GREAT LAKES PY - 1973/01/31 SP - 94 p. AB - This report describes planning for development of a Great Lakes Lakeswide VHF (land telephone interconnected) integrated communications system. A prototype system, giving partial coverage will be implemented in 1973. Unmanned VHF stations will be tied together by a leased land-line network remotely controlled from a Central Operations Center that will be automated and manned to serve the needs of all vessels effectively and economically. The system will provide basic services such as vessel position reports and weather information exchange using the leased network and have provision for dial interconnection with the public telephone network. Dial interconnection with the public telephone land-line network will be made directly by vessels properly equipped or by the Central Operations Center for other vessels by connecting a radio circuit directly to the appropriate telephone exchange in the locality of the radio station. KW - Communication systems KW - Radio KW - Radio telephone KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046106 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INDEX OF CURRENT REGULATIONS OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, MARITIME SUBSIDY BOARD AND NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY. REVISED PY - 1973/01/01 SP - 49 p. AB - A revised Index lists current regulations of the Maritime Administration/Maritime Subsidy Board, National Shipping Authority, and Office of the Maritime Administrator. The regulations prescribe rules and procedures with which the maritime industry must comply. KW - Domestic KW - National shipping policies KW - Operating subsidies KW - Policy KW - Shipbuilding KW - Shipping KW - Subsidies KW - Transport policies/national KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047701 AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTERMODAL CONTAINER SERVICES OFFERED BY U.S. FLAG CARRIERS PY - 1973/01 SP - 28 p. AB - This report is a compendium listing in tabular form the container services offered by U.S. Flag steamship operators and leasing operators. Schematic illustrations show the type of containers available and serve as a guide to the newcomer in acquainting him with terms used in the marine container industry. KW - Car pooling (Railroads) KW - Cargo handling KW - Container pooling KW - Container utilization KW - Containerization KW - Containers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00041385 AU - Kimon, P M AU - Kiss, R K AU - Porricelli, J D AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEGREGATED BALLAST VLCC'S--AN ECONOMIC AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT ANALYSIS PY - 1973/01 SP - 108 p. AB - This paper presents the results of a study of very large crude carriers (VLCC's) to determine the cost and effectiveness of variations in the capacity of segregated ballast and variations in arrangement expected to reduce oil pollution due to operational and accidental causes. The arrangements considered include double bottoms, double sides, double skin and alternating cargo and ballast wing tanks. The paper concentrates on a series of 250,000 DWT tankers, but does consider the influence of size by including results for tankers of 120,000 DWT and 477,000 DWT. The degree of effectiveness is estimated for both operational and accidental pollution based on the best available data. Sensitivity studies are provided to check general conclusions. Finally, estimates of the cost of preventing 1 cubic meter of oil pollution with each design are presented. A discussion of operating factors subject to a reduction in performance as a result of design features is given. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Oil spill prevention KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Prevention KW - Segregated ballast tankers KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070579 AU - Maritime Administration TI - Tanker construction program : environmental impact statement PY - 1973///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658063 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - OBOS IN U.S. FLAG ROUTES PY - 1973 SP - 20 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to find trade flows in U.S.-flag protected routes that would be amenable to the use of combination carriers. Two such routes (Hawaii-San Francisco and Gulf Coast-San Juan, P.R.) that are already in existence were identified, and a third, involving San Francisco, Hampton Road, and Alaska was hypotheized. KW - Combination carriers KW - Ore bulk oil carriers KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168741 AU - Nowacki, H AU - Benford, H AU - Atkins, A AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES WINTER NAVIGATION. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSES. VOLUME 1. METHODS OF EVALUATION PY - 1973 SP - 173 p. AB - This volume explains the procedure that has been developed for predicting the economic performance of Great Lakes bulk carriers operating in extended seasons of various lengths. The technique is versatile. It can analyze almost any combination of design parameters, trade routes, and ship status (i.e., proposed, existing, or existing but to-be-modified). The new tax deferral privilege is incorporated into the analysis, and a wide selection of measures of merit is available. The computerized portion of the work deals with the economics of any given individual ship. There are, however, brief sections in the report describing analytical techniques for optimizing fleet operations and for assessing the economic gains resulting from reduced inventory requirements. Four subsequent volumes describe the details of the computer program, draw some preliminary conclusions from parametric studies based on the program, explain a rationale for structural design for ice navigation, and report on conclusions reached from a methodical series of strength tests carried out on ferrocement reinforced steel plates. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cargo ships KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cold weather KW - Computer programs KW - Computer programs (Fleet operations) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Gt. lakes) KW - Freight transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice navigation KW - Icebreakers KW - Inland waterways KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Operations KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084736 AU - Murphy, E L AU - Heins, C P AU - Maritime Administration TI - CONFERENCE ON TANK CONTAINERS PY - 1973 SP - 83 p. AB - This is a report on the second of a series of conferences involving ship operators, shippers, equipment manufacturers and concerned government agencies to discuss the present and future of specialized containers. The goal of the Maritime Administration in sponsoring such sessions is to increase the use of containerization and similar intermodal shipping systems in U.S. foreign trade. Tank containers offer the prospects for more economical shipment of certain commodities--such a liquor and fruit juice concentrates, eliminating unnecessary packaging and reducing losses from from damage or pilferage. There has been relatively small use of such containers which made up less than one percent of the U.S. container inventory at the time of the conference. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Freight traffic KW - Intermodal services KW - Liquid bulk cargo KW - Liquid freight KW - Tank cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044441 AU - Forster, R L AU - Moyer, E AU - Firstman, S I AU - Harris (Frederic R), Incorporated TI - PORT COLLECTION AND SEPARATION FACILITIES FOR OILY WASTES PY - 1973 AB - The types of oil wastes brought into selected ports by non-military shipping are identified. Estimates of quantities, based on total prohibition of overboard dumping, brought in during 1970 and anticipated for 1975 and 1980 are made. Conceptual designs for collecting, treating and disposing of the oil wastes with no additional environmental degradation along with cost estimates were made for the selected ports. The roles of Government are explored, the impact on shipping is evaluated and the overall entrepreneurial viability of the concept discussed. It is intended that this report serve as a guide for any U.S. port contemplating a Port Collection and Separation Facility. This study includes Volume I--Collection, Treatment and Disposal of Oily Water Wastes from Ships, Volume II--General Technology, Volume III--General Data and Conceptual Plans, for the Surveyed Ports, Volume IV--Executive Summary. KW - Fuel storage KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbors KW - Marine terminals KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spills KW - Storage facilities KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657242 AU - Wartsila Icebreaking Model Basin AU - Maritime Administration TI - GREAT LAKES ORE CARRIER SERIES--ICE RESISTANCE MODEL TEST PROGRAM PY - 1972/12/29 SP - Various p. AB - The object of the model test program was to provide the ship designer with the methodology for designing ships to operate in ice waters. The methodology is to include quantitative relationships between ship form parameters, ice conditions, ship motion and ice resistance for Great Lakes vessel operations in the extended season. The program consisted of the comprehensive testing of nine models of varying bow form, length and beam. The final result is a method for calculating ice resistance in different ice thicknesses and at different speeds for ships with forms similar to those of Great Lakes ore carriers. KW - Cold weather KW - Great Lakes KW - Ice KW - Ice navigation KW - Ice operations KW - Ice resistance KW - Model tests KW - Ore carriers KW - Resistance (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656679 AU - General Electric AU - Maritime Administration TI - SATELLITE AIDED SHIP OPERATIONS PROGRAM (SASOP), PHASE 1 PY - 1972/12/15 AB - These are the first two volumes of a three-volume report covering Phase 1 of the the Satellite Aided Ship Operations Program (SASOP). Volume 1 is the Executive Summary and Volume 2 details the work performed under the major task provisions of the contract. Volume 3, which is not covered by this record, contains financial and program data. The technical and cost benefits analyses conducted in Phase 1 established that the Satellite Aided Ship System was technically feasible and economically desirable. Preliminary specifications for an advanced 1980 ship employing a high degree of automation and a crew of six were prepared. Owing to the configurations of the GTS ADMIRAL WILLIAM M. CALLAGHAN, the ship used, not all systems and projected requirements for a 1980 ship could be duplicated for test purposes, but modifications were possible to simulate many of the systems of an advanced ship and operation with the Satellite Data Link. Some meaningful technical and applications benefits can result from such an operational simulation. The report includes recommendations and work plans for Phase 2. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Sasop (Satellite aided ship operations program) KW - Satellite communication KW - Tests KW - William m. callaghan (Vessel) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00047661 AU - National Maritime Research Center, Galveston TI - LNG TANK DESIGNS-SHIPBOARD CONTAINMENT PY - 1972/12 SP - 71 p. AB - The various systems for shipboard containment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) that are either in service or seriously proposed for service are described. The influence of LNG upon the general design of the ship is discussed and it is shown that the characteristics of LNG as a cargo have combined to result in a ship that has special tanks, special safety systems, special propulsion systems and a conspicuous appearance. Twelve of the more prominent free-standing tank designs and eight of the more prominent membrane tank designs are discussed. Costs for the LNG shipbuilding contracts awarded to General Dynamics and Newport News in October of 1972 are shown. KW - Containing equipment KW - Costs KW - Liquefied gases KW - Liquefied natural gas KW - Lng containment systems KW - Membrane tank systems KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tankers KW - Tanks (Containers) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027336 AU - Motzer, J W AU - DeFeo, A AU - Kulina, M AU - Johnson, W F AU - Curtiss-Wright Corporation TI - MARINE PLANETARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS. DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF MANUFACTURING DRAWINGS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1972/11/15 SP - 6 p. AB - Studies show planetary gearing can be effectively used in marine transmissions systems for up to 60,000 SHP. A cost savings in manufacture, installation, maintenance and operations can be realized. The design concepts have been followed by a final design and there does not appear to be a need for any operational restrictions within the design range of operation. Because of the reduced weight and size inherent with planetary design, as well as flexibility attendent with modular construction, subject systems can be readily adapted to a wide range of installations at substantial cost savings. KW - Braking KW - Clutches KW - Electric power plants KW - Power plant design KW - Reduction gears KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044442 AU - European Conference of Ministers of Transport TI - RESEARCH ON TRANSPORT ECONOMICS PY - 1972/11 VL - 5 IS - 2 AB - The aim of the six-monthly Information Bulletin "Research on Transport Economics" is to present a survey of current research projects in transport economics in the member countries of the E.C.M.T. and certain other industrialised countries. The distribution of this information enables the specialists to know and communicate with each other; it offers the possibility to rationalise research work by avoiding duplication and ensuring a better coordination of research studies; it also allows the main fields of interest and lines of development of research to be identified for the countries concerned. Summaries of all projects are provided. This Research Bulletin covers all modes of transportation, sub-divided accoring to mode. KW - Bibliographies KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039326 AU - Sansone, W T AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - DOMESTIC SHIPPING INDUSTRY AND MARITIME POLICY PY - 1972/10/18 SP - 33 p. AB - Despite its vast importance to the U.S. transportation network and the fact that its vessels transport 400 million more tons than all of the vessels engaged in our foreign trade, the domestic shipping industry has always appeared curiously remote from any connection with shipping and the sea, an idea enhanced by its tug-barge approach, which, although its fleet included almost one million tons of barges over 10,000 deadweight tons, still seems to those familiar with deep sea trading purely a "sand and gravel" operation. However, appearances are deceptive, for the domestic fleet transports almost 25 percent of the total intercity ton miles of freight in the United States and is, because of the highly developed nature of our waterways network, best able to meet the growing transportation crisis that is facing this nation. The domestic trades have provided the impetus for the development of containerization and super tug-barge vessels and continues to provide the major raison d'etre for the U.S. tanker fleet. Additionally, domestic vessels employ 70,000 more American seamen than its sister fleet engaged in our foreign commerce. This paper analyses the major components of the domestic merchant marine and sketches the background behind a major shift in maritime policy as well as the major domestic shipping program elements, as established at the National Planning Conference on Domestic Shipping in May 1972. KW - Analysis KW - Coastal waterways KW - Coastwise shipping KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic shipping policies KW - Domestic transportation KW - Freight traffic KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Marine transit KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic analysis (Freight) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046212 AU - Sansone, W T AU - Maritime Administration TI - DOMESTIC SHIPPING AND MARITIME POLICY PY - 1972/10/18 SP - 35 p. AB - The paper analyzes the major components of the U.S. Domestic Merchant Marine and sketches the background behind a major shift in maritime policy, as well as the major program elements, as established at the National Planning Conference on Domestic Shipping in May 1972. (Author) KW - Alaska KW - Coasts KW - Commodities KW - Domestic KW - Domestic shipping KW - Domestic shipping industry KW - Domestic transportation KW - Freight transportation KW - Hawaii KW - Inland waterways KW - Lake Michigan KW - Ma KW - Merchant vessels KW - Pacific Ocean KW - Policy KW - Puerto Rico KW - Shipping KW - Statistics KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems analysis KW - U.S. Maritime Administration KW - United States KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/9056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658546 AU - Bardelmeier (Jones) and Co. Ltd. AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROJECTED U.S. TANKER FLEET IN 1980 PY - 1972/09 SP - 29 p. AB - This report is divided into two parts. Part 1 presents projections of the size and composition of the U.S.-flag cabotage tanker fleet required by 1980, for the East Coast, West Coast, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico trades. Also included in Part 1 are tables pertaining to projected petroleum consumption in the U.S., and to regional petroleum distribution patterns. Part 2 makes a case for developing deeper draft port facilities to accommodate large vessels that can deliver cheaper raw materials in order for the U.S. to remain competitive in the world steel and coal export markets. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Competition KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Demand KW - Exports KW - Forecasting KW - International trade KW - Steel KW - Tanker demand KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00037739 AU - Soros Associates, Incorporated TI - OFFSHORE TERMINAL SYSTEM CONCEPTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1972/09 SP - 133 p. AB - This report summarizes a 3-part report which (1) analyzes U.S. bulk commodity imports and exports; (2) identifies petroleum as the principal commodity, for which the economy of movement in supersize ships would justify construction of deepwater terminal facilities on the North Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, a requirement for coal and ore is cited but is said to depend on future market trends; (3) identifies transportation costs for supersize tankers, dry bulk carriers, feeder tankers, feeder barges, and pipelines; (4) surveys East, Gulf, and West Coast ports and deepwater sites suitable for deep-water terminal construction; (5) selects five candidate sites and presents a conceptual design for each; (6) compares capital and operating costs as well as total transportation costs of alternative transportation systems; (7) evaluates the benefits and limitations of multi-use terminals: (8) defines specific environmental protection features; and (9) describes requirements for advanced construction methods. KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Economic analysis KW - Offshore terminals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/5941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027335 AU - Walsh, W M AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRIM AND STABILITY GUIDE FOR CONTAINER AND BARGE CARRYING SHIPS PY - 1972/07 SP - 100 p. AB - This "Guide" has been prepared for the Merchant Marine Deck Officer serving on container and barge carrying ships. In order to maintain the level of competence demanded by these complex and sophisticated ships a high degree of technical knowledge will be mandatory. Among these technical requirements the capability of maintaining ships' stability is of major importance. In preparing this guide, the author has undertaken the task of putting into seafarers' language the proper use of the ships' Trim and Stability Book and the function and methods used in computing trim and stability, longitudinal strength forces generated by rolling and pitching, and use of anti-roll tanks. The Guide is not intended to replace the ships' Trim and Stability Book but is designed as a training aid for the Merchant Marine Deck Officer. KW - Antirolling systems KW - Crew training (Deck) KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Pilotage KW - Ship crews KW - Ship motion KW - Ship stability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Stability analysis KW - Suspension systems KW - Training KW - Training courses (Stability/trim) KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3402 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659609 AU - Femenia, J AU - Mellusi, R AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE MARINE PROPULSION CYCLES PY - 1972/06/30 AB - This document reports, the results of a survey and evaluation of thermodynamically coupled gas and steam-turbine plants. A comparative cost analysis of combined cycle plants vs. two-heater steam plants is included in an appendix. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Combined cycle power plants KW - Costs KW - Gas turbines KW - Heat cycle KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Steam turbines KW - Thermodynamic cycles KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00040887 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE GREAT LAKES AND ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY STUDY OF INSURANCE RATES PY - 1972/06 SP - 56 p. AB - The report reflects the results of a study of ways and means to provide reasonable insurance rates for shippers and vessels engaged in waterborne commerce on the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway beyond the present navigation system. KW - Cargo insurance KW - Great Lakes KW - Insurance rates KW - Marine insurance KW - Operations KW - Saint Lawrence Seaway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00035054 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAMMOTH TANKERS DEEPWATER PORTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PY - 1972/05/18 SP - 98 p. AB - A special general meeting of the Propeller Club, Port of New York served as a forum for various U. S. Government Bureaus, industry, and a member of Congress. The forum's object was to present the projected needs of the oil industry for mammoth tankers which require deep water ports. The projected consumer use of petroleum products in 1985 was first presented. Then the various sources of supply were examined. A need for mammoth tankers and an offshore terminal were established to protect the environment. The hazards of dredging present east coast ports to accommodate larger ships are outlined and the hazards of increased tanker traffic in ports using present size tankers is covered. The environmental factors of building and using a deep water offshore terminal for receiving crude oil in mammoth tankers are presented. KW - Atlantic Coast (United States) KW - Environment KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil terminals KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum industry KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Petroleum trade KW - State of the art KW - Supertankers KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00041503 AU - Maritime Administration TI - REPORT OF THE FIRST NATIONAL PLANNING CONFERENCE ON DOMESTIC SHIPPING PY - 1972/05 AB - The first National Planning Conference on Domestic Shipping was held in St. Louis, Missouri, April 4- May 4, 1972. The conference was sponsored by the Maritime Administration. This report constitutes the permanent record of the Conference. It is organized in three volumes: Volume 1 summarizes the Conference's recommendations, origins and objectives, organization and operation, program and presentations, and panel reports. Volume 2 details the specific program elements of each of the four panels. Volume 3 contains the presentations of the speakers who appeared before the Conference. The Conference was divided into four panels, representing the major functional concerns of the industry: Operations and Facilities (Panel 1); Finance and Insurance (Panel 2); Legislation and Regulation (Panel 3); and Research and Development (Panel 4). The objectives of the Conference were to: (1) Critically review the status of the industry and identify the major problems that are impeding the progress of the industry in providing improved economical, efficient, and safe transportation services. (2) Outline a five-year program that the Maritime Administration can undertake in cooperation with the industry to resolve as many of these problems as possible. (3) Recommend specific actions in the form of program elements, with associated priorities and resource requirements, for early implementation as part of the five-year program. KW - Domestic shipping policies KW - Domestic transportation KW - Great Lakes KW - Inland water transportation KW - Inland waterways transportation KW - Marine transit KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10926 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00098248 AU - Ritchie, J E AU - Van Cleave, H D AU - Offshore Technology Conference TI - A RELIABILITY STUDY OF PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND PREVENTION OF OFFSHORE OIL SPILLAGE PY - 1972/05 SP - p. 1-16 AB - This paper describes a study of crude oil petroleum systems with the object of developing technical recommendations to minimize spillage from drilling, production and gathering/distribution systems. It represents a pilot effort by the Environmental Protection Agency to apply reliability and systems engineering principles to the petroleum industry. The paper is arranged in two parts. The first part presents the current EPA approach to the developments of an oil spill prevention program and discusses related field surveys. The second part is a progress report and analysis of the collected data. U1 - 1975 Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings, Volume 1. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Offshore terminals KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill control KW - Oil spill prevention KW - Oil spills KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Prevention UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00035596 AU - Dillon, E S AU - International Association for Pollution Control TI - ECONOMICS OF MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL PY - 1972/05 SP - 20 p. AB - Petroleum transportation on the seas has alarmed the world's population to the possibility of despoiling the oceans beyond the tolerance limits for food chain survival. New solutions to waste disposal are necessary. The intentional discharge of oily wastes by tankers must be stopped. Five methods of doing this are examined and the economic cost for each system is presented. KW - Oil spills KW - Pollution KW - Pollution abatement measures KW - Pollution control KW - Regulation KW - Tanker pollution prevention KW - Tankers KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/5472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00651437 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PY - 1972/04/31 AB - Volume 2 summarizes the results of the Ship Design Improvement Project accomplished by Newport News Shipbuilding with support from the J.J. Henry Co. The project was undertaken with the intention of effectively reducing the initial cost of U.S. ships through improved design regulations and practices without compromising the present standards for safe and efficient operation. The following 4 ship types were selected for study: ore/bulk/oil carrier, container ship, barge carrier, and general purpose cargo ship. The report lists 180 design improvements of which 70 percent do not require rules changes. Recommendations for further studies and the methodology that was employed are presented. Volume 3, Book 1 contains information pertaining to the purpose and scope of the project and the process used in developing proposed design improvements, and provides summary information and data on the proposed design improvements contained in Books 2, 3, and 4. This report also includes a summary of overall study conclusions and several recommendations concerning additional efforts that should be undertaken, a bibliography, and a listing of discarded potential design improvements. Volume 3, Book 2 contains design improvements related to hull and hull piping systems. Some of the more important design improvements in this group are in hull structure, deck covering, and air conditioning, heating and ventilation. These design improvements are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MARAD specifications; sections 1 through 25 are included in this report. Volume 3, Book 3 contains those design options suggested for the machinery systems. The design options that offer more cost savings are in main shafting, bearing and propellers, fuel oil system, lubricating oil system and the steam generating plant. These alternatives are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MARAD specifications; sections 51 through 81 are included in this report. Volume 3, Book 4 contains those design options suggested for the electrical systems. Also included in this book are drawings and trials. These alternatives are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MARAD specifications; sections 87 through 101 are included in this book. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Automation KW - Bearings KW - Boilers KW - Cooling equipment KW - Corrosion KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power plants KW - Fuel systems KW - Hulls KW - Lubrication KW - Maintainability KW - Manning requirements KW - Navigation KW - Piping systems KW - Propulsion KW - Radio equipment KW - Recommendations KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Structural members KW - Telecommunications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/394312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039323 AU - Landsburg, A C AU - Seibold, F AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND THE MARINE INDUSTRY PY - 1972/04/26 AB - Computer technology is presently at a point where interactive programming, coupled with graphical input and output devices, is finding cost effective engineering applications. These relatively new devices and programming techniques offer closer communication between man and computer. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to these devices and techniques and to describe how others have used them productively. An attempt has also been made to assess the extent of computer applications in the ship design area. Results of a survey questionnaire are included along with suggestions for the practical application of this new technology in the marine field. KW - Computer graphics KW - Computers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Human machine systems KW - Man machine communications KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656673 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF MARITIME CONTAINERIZATION ON THE UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1972/02 AB - This report represents the second phase of an earlier study entitled "The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy" (N.T.I.S. numbers COM-71-00050 and COM-71-00051). It summmarizes the main body report, which describes various effects that containerization has had to date and might have in the future. Topics covered include: forecasts of container fleets, container trade, and container port capacities; the computer analysis model; and the projection of trends in containerization. KW - Container surveys KW - Container terminals KW - Containerized shipping KW - Containers KW - Containerships KW - Economic factors KW - Forecasting KW - Port capacity KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation systems KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657642 AU - Henry (J.J.) Co., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - SEGREGATED BALLAST TANKER STUDY, VOLUME 2: PLANS PY - 1972/01/20 SP - Various p. AB - The volume contains a composite plan for 250,000 dwt, 120,000 dwt and 500,000 dwt tankers, and plans for each tanker that include general arrangements, midship section and typical transverse web, typical O. T. transverse and longitudinal bulkheads, and typical diagrammatic piping arrangement. KW - Bulkheads KW - General arrangements KW - Midship sections KW - Piping systems KW - Segregated ballast KW - Shipbuilding KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00661184 AU - Femenia, J AU - Webb Institute of Naval Architecture AU - Maritime Administration TI - COST OF SHIP VIBRATION PROBLEMS PY - 1972/01/17 SP - 5 p. AB - For the purpose of quantifying and assessing the resulting costs traceable to ship vibration problems, a survey was taken of 215 ships built after 1950. Expenses shown cover both corrective action to alleviate vibration and repairs of vibration-related damage. In certain cases, the lost productivity associated with a change in operating mode (usually a reduction in service speed) is assigned computed values. Findings from the survey are presented, together with pertinent comments from ship operators regarding their ship vibration problems. KW - Costs KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/404264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034521 AU - Goodrich, R R AU - Esso Research and Engineering Company TI - FLOCCULANT TESTS PY - 1972/01 SP - 60 p. AB - This report describes and evaluates the application methods and the effectiveness of utilizing chemical flocculants to enhance the normal gravity settling rate of dispersed oil in water on tankers. The results of laboratory, pilot-scale, and four full-scale shipboard tests demonstrate the chemicals potential for significantly reducing the amount of dispersed oil in a ship's slop tank; thus minimizing the quantity of oil discharged at sea. KW - Chemical processes KW - Cleaning KW - Flocculating agents KW - Flocculation KW - Oil separators KW - Oily ballast disposal KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034523 AU - Skocypec, R J AU - Esso Research and Engineering Company TI - OILY WATER SEPARATION SYSTEM PY - 1972/01 SP - 54 p. AB - This report describes the evaluation of an oily water separation system for marine use consisting of an Esso Coalescer for oil removal downstream of an AMF-Cuno Super Auto-Klean Filter for particulate removal. The system's effectiveness was inconsistent due to coalescer plugging by wax. The Cuno Filter was ineffective in reducing particulates. The best performance was obtained using two coalescers downstream of a surge tank which was used for gross oil removal. Oil removal efficiencies of nearly 90% were achieved with this system. General application of this type of coalescer where a highly polished effluent is desired is discouraged for dirty ballast water treating because of wax plugging which makes the coalescer inoperative. Applications for removing low wax content oils are suggested. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Effluent quality KW - Effluents KW - Environmental quality KW - Oil removal systems KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spill cleanup UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032737 AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - CROSS CURVES OF STABILITY COMPUTER PROGRAM MB006 PY - 1972/01 SP - 95 p. AB - A computer program is described which uses hull offsets to determine righting arms for a heeled ship. Areas and moments are calculated using straight line and circular segment approximations for as many as twenty five stations and fourteen segments per station. Longitudinal integration is accomplished using a Simpsons Rule integration algorithm which is independent of station spacing. Data for plotting cross curves is normally generated at angles from five to ninety degrees and in increments of five degrees for a range of twenty displacements. To aid in the stability analysis for small vessels, the righting arms may be corrected for center of gravity and interpolated for appropriate displacement. The area under the curve thus represented can be determined up to and between two specified angles of heel. The angle of maximum GZ is located. The program is written in Fortran 4 and requires a memory of about 28,000 words. KW - Heeling KW - Heeling moments KW - Moments (Mechanics) KW - Righting moments KW - Ship motion KW - Stability analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034733 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated TI - THE IMPACT OF MARITIME CONTAINERIZATION ON THE UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1972 VL - 1 SP - 43 p. AB - The report represents the second phase of an earlier study entitled 'The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy' (N.T.I.S. numbers COM-71-00050 and COM-71-00051). The executive summary gives synopsis of the main body report which describes various effects that containerization has had to date and might have in the future. The topics covered include: forecasts of container fleets, container trade, and container port capacities; a description of a computer analysis model; and a projection of trends in containerization. KW - Container surveys KW - Container traffic KW - Container traffic projections KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Economics KW - Forecasting KW - International KW - International trade KW - International transportation KW - Ocean shipping KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034734 AU - Manalytics, Incorporated TI - THE IMPACT OF MARITIME CONTAINERIZATION ON THE UNITED STATES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. VOLUME 2. MAIN BODY PY - 1972 VL - 2 SP - 339 p. AB - The report represents the second phase of an earlier study entitled 'The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy' (N.T.I.S. numbers COM-71-00050 and COM-71-00051). The main body report describes various effects that containerization has had to date and might have in the future. The topics covered include: forecasts of container fleets, container trade, and container port capacities; a description of a computer analysis model; and a projection of trends in containerization. KW - Container surveys KW - Container traffic KW - Container traffic projections KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Economics KW - Forecasting KW - International KW - International trade KW - International transportation KW - Ocean shipping KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034723 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. VOLUME 3. BOOK 2. HULL AND PIPING SYSTEMS PY - 1972 VL - 3 SP - 149 p. AB - The report contains those design improvements related to hull and hull piping systems. Some of the more important design improvements in this group are in structural hull, deck covering, and air conditioning, heating and ventilation. These design improvements are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MarAd Specifications; Sections 1 through 25 are included in this report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Deck coverings KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hulls KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034724 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. VOLUME 3. BOOK 3. MACHINERY SYSTEMS PY - 1972 VL - 3 SP - 204 p. AB - The report contains those design options suggested for the machinery systems. The design options that offer more cost savings are in main shafting, bearing and propeller, fuel oil system, lubricating oil system and the steam generating plant. These alternatives are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MarAd Specifications; Sections 51 through 81 are included in this report. KW - Electric power plants KW - Machinery KW - Machinery space configurations KW - Naval architecture KW - Power plant design KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034725 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. VOLUME 3. BOOK 4. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, DRAWINGS, AND TRIALS PY - 1972 VL - 3 SP - 221 p. AB - The book contains those design options suggested for the electrical systems. Also included in this book are drawings and trials. These alternatives are arranged by sections corresponding to the section numbers of the MarAd Specifications; Sections 87 through 101 are included in this book. KW - Electric power KW - Electric power generation KW - Electric power system design KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - System design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034721 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. VOLUME 2. RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1972 VL - 2 SP - 296 p. AB - The report summarizes the results of the Ship Design Improvement Project accomplished by Newport News Shipbuilding with support from the J. J. Henry Co. The project was undertaken with the intention of effectively reducing the initial cost of U.S. ships through improved design regulations and practices without compromising the present standards for safe and efficient operation. The following four ship types were selected for study: Ore/Bulk/Oil Carrier, Container Ship, Barge Carrier, and General Purpose Cargo Ship. The report lists 180 design improvements of which 70 percent do not require rules changes. Recommendations for further studies and the methodology that was employed are presented. KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00043943 AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE ECONOMICS OF DEEPWATER TERMINALS PY - 1972 SP - 60 p. AB - This study of the economics of offshore terminal facilities, which would permit the use of 200 to 300,000 ton vessels in our important bulk trades, indicates that by 1980 the additional costs to this Nation of failing to provide the most economical form of deepwater terminal facility could exceed $650 million annually, in terms of increased domestic prices of imported iron ore and crude oil and lost competitiveness in the export-coal market. The study was concentrated in six areas to explore the problem, its causes, and solutions: 1. The impact of the present continuing upward trend in the size of bulk carriers, the economic considerations underlying it, and the port-development projects undertaken throughout the world to meet it. 2. The major constraints to the use of large bulk carriers in present U.S. North Atlantic ports. 3. The need for providing deepwater terminal facilities in this region and the economic penalties for failing to do so. 4. The obstacles preventing multiple channel deepening on the North Atlantic coast. 5. The economics of alternative transshipment facilities located in deepwater harbors and the open sea along the North Atlantic coast. 6. The impediments to offshore terminal development projects in this area. This study is not meant to be the last word on this subject. It was intended, however, to provide a useful, comprehensive focal point for further research and discussion, which hopefully will lead to firm plans to provide deepwater terminals for U.S. foreign trade in the near future. KW - Bulk cargo terminals KW - Deepwater harbors KW - Development KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Offshore terminals KW - Port operations KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034722 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - A REPORT TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION FOR THE SHIP DESIGN IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. VOLUME 3. BOOK 1. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY PY - 1972 VL - 3 SP - 89 p. AB - The report contains information pertaining to the purpose and scope of the project, process used in developing proposed design improvements and provides summary information and data on the proposed design improvements contained in Books 2, 3, and 4. The report also includes summary of overall study conclusions and several recommendations concerning additional efforts that should be undertaken, a bibliography, and a listing of discarded potential design improvements. KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649701 AU - Fagan, R AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1971/12 SP - 53 p. AB - This is Volume 1 of the two-volume report entitled "Merchant Marine Shipboard Crew Skills and Disciplines Study." Volume 1 provides a summary of the important findings and recommendations of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine manpower and skills required to operate and maintain modern and advanced technology cargo vessels. Among the principal findings are: present manning and crew skills do not match functional requirements of modern cargo vessels; upgrading of skills and cross-utilization of personnel would allow safe, efficient operation with approximately 50% of present manning; advanced technology ships can be operated by small crews, but will require greater technical skill and operating proficiency; present preventive maintenance programs are inadequate; and, many shipboard functions could be performed more efficiently and economically by shoreside personnel. The study provides recommended manning, skill levels, crew structures, operating procedures, design modifications, and changes in shoreside logistic support for five types of modern cargo vessels with three types of automated engineering plants. New crew skills required and recommended training methods are presented. Problems that may arise in the implementation of study recommendations, including requirements for modification of existing maritime laws or regulations, are identified. The report is in two volumes: Volume 1-Executive Summary, Volume 2-Manning and Skill Requirements (Task 1), Design Modifications (Task 2), Implementation Problems (Task 3), and Legislative Modifications (Task 4). KW - Automation KW - Labor market KW - Manning requirements KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Motor skills KW - Recommendations KW - Reduced crews KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard organization KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657198 AU - Moreau, J O AU - Esso Research and Engineering Co. AU - Maritime Administration TI - OIL/WATER INTERFACE DETECTOR PY - 1971/12 SP - 103 p. AB - A survey of manufacturers was conducted to find all equipment that could differentiate between oil and water on a continuous basis and thus be used as an oil-water interface detector during tanker deballasting. The detector would warn when the oil level nears the overboard discharge line. Twenty-five possibly applicable devices were found. Based on manufacturers' information, these devices were evaluated in relation to shipboard conditions such as installation, safety, maintenance, and operation requirements. The device which seems best suited to ballast control applications was an in-line interface sensor which measures sonic attenuation. For related document, see AN 9319. KW - Ballast level KW - Ballast tanks KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Oil content monitors KW - Oil spills KW - Oil water interfaces KW - Oily ballast water UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398670 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649663 AU - Fagan, R AU - Kelly, R AU - Viele, J AU - Stanwick Co. AU - Maritime Administration AU - United States Coast Guard TI - MERCHANT MARINE SHIPBOARD CREW SKILLS AND DISCIPLINES STUDY, VOL. 2: MANNING AND SKILL REQUIREMENTS (TASK 1); DESIGN MODIFICATIONS (TASK 2); IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS (TASK 3); LEGISLATIVE MODIFICATIONS (TASK 4) PY - 1971/12 SP - 650 p. AB - Volume 2 of the "Merchant Marine Shipboard Crew Skills and Disciplines Study" contains the detailed findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the four study tasks: Manning and Skill Requirements, Design Modifications, Implementation Problems, and Legislative Modifications. The purpose of Task 1 was to determine the manning requirements and skills necessary to operate and maintain current and advanced technology cargo vessels. Among the principal findings of Task 1 are: present manning and crew skills do not match functional requirements of modern cargo vessels; upgrading of skills and cross-utilization of personnel would allow safe, efficient operation with approximately 50% of present manning; advanced technology ships can be operated by small crews but will require greater technical skill and operating proficiency; present preventive maintenance programs are inadequate; and, many shipboard functions could be performed more efficiently and economically by shoreside personnel. The Task 1 Report provides recommended manning, skill levels, crew structures, operating procedures, design modifications, and changes in shoreside logistic support for five types of modern cargo vessels with three types of automated engineering plants. New crew skills required and recommended training methods are also presented. The Task 2 report, "Design Modifications," contains recommendations for improvements in bridge design, cargo oil heating coil installations, and self lift- on/lift-off equipment. The Task 3 report, "Implementation Problems," identifies and discusses the problems that may arise in any attempt to implement the study recommendations in the areas of collective bargaining agreements, operating companies, acceptance by merchant marine personnel, and training and qualification. The Task 4 report, "Legislative Modifications," identifies maritime laws and regulations which would prevent implementation of study recommendations and presents recommendations for their revision or repeal, or the enactment of new laws as necessary. KW - Education and training KW - Labor relations KW - Manning requirements KW - Maritime law KW - Merchant ships KW - Merchant vessels KW - Motor skills KW - Recommendations KW - Ship design KW - Ship operations KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034522 AU - Skocypec, R J AU - Esso Research and Engineering Company TI - OIL-WATER TANK CONTENT PROFILES PY - 1971/12 SP - 128 p. AB - This report is a compilation of oil content profile data of dirty ballast, clean ballast, and slop tanks on Esso tankers. Dirty ballast tanks are shown to be relatively clean with 50% of the profiles showing mean oil contents of less than 18 ppm. Clean ballast tanks are found to contain well under 10 ppm oil with an average "mean bulk oil content" of 2.7 ppm. No obvious correlation between oil content and tank washing time was detected. Slop tank profiles show a wide range of mean oil contents from 30 ppm to 500 ppm. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Ballast tanks KW - Cleaning KW - Oil additives KW - Oil content profiles KW - Storage tanks KW - Tank cleaning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032740 AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - POWERING BY TAYLOR STANDARD SERIES COMPUTER PROGRAM MDO34 PY - 1971/12 SP - 118 p. AB - A powering program is discussed which permits the calculation of effective and shaft horsepower using the computational procedure shown in DTMB Report No. 806. The program searches for residuary resistance coefficients based on speed length ratio, prismatic coefficient and volumetric coefficient from data on a disk file. Wetted surface coefficients are determined by the program. Shaft horsepower can be computed by entering values for relative rotative, hull, propeller and mechanical efficiencies, and a service allowance. The program is written in Fortran 4 and requires a memory of about 15,000 words. KW - Energy consumption KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Power prediction KW - Service allowance KW - Wetted surface calculation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032741 AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - FLOODABLE LENGTH COMPUTER PROGRAM MDO51 PY - 1971/11 SP - 75 p. AB - The calculation method presented allows computation of the length of a ship's compartment and the longitudinal position of its midlength which, when flooded, will sink the ship to a specified trimmed waterline. Bonjean data on disk file is required. The program is part of the Hull Scientific Program Package which also consists of Bonjeans, Hydrostatics, Capacities and Damaged Stability computer programs. The program is written in Fortran 4 and requires a memory of about 19,000 words. KW - Bonjean curves KW - Calculation KW - Floodable length curves KW - Flooding calculation KW - Floods UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657239 AU - Witmer, F E AU - Gollan, A AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - FINAL REPORT OF PHASE 1, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF A CONTINUOUS REGENERATING MOVING BED TO REMOVE OIL FROM OIL-WATER SUSPENSIONS PY - 1971/10 SP - Various p. AB - In order to develop a device for removing oil from oil-water ballast discharges, Phase I evaluates a series of commercially available candidate filter media to determine their oil-water separation characteristics. Investigated were glass, porous ceramics, metals, wools, plastics, activated carbon, anthracite, fibrous non-woven mattings, and reticulated (open-pore) foams. A partially compacted bed of randomly oriented pieces of an open-structured polyurethane foam appeared to be best for a wide variety of oil contaminants, including crude oil and Bunker "C". Simple expression permits reuse. KW - Disposal KW - Filters KW - Oil separators KW - Oil spills KW - Oily ballast water KW - Pollution control KW - Pollution prevention KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00037104 AU - Witmer, F E AU - Gollan, A AU - Hydronautics, Incorporated TI - OIL-WATER REGENERATIVE SEPARATOR--PHASE 1 PY - 1971/10 SP - 176 p. AB - In order to develop a device for removing oil from oil-water ballast discharges, Phase I evaluates a series of commercially available candidate filter media to determine their oil-water separation characteristics. Investigated were glass, porous ceramics, metals, wools, plastics, activated carbon, anthracite fibrous non-woven mattings, and reticulated (open-pore) foams. Best appeared to be a partially compacted bed, of randomly oriented pieces of an open-structured polyurethane foam for a wide variety of oil contaminants, including crude oil and Bunker "C". Simple expression permits reuse. KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Oil separators KW - Oily ballast disposal KW - Pollution control KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/5639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00035918 AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. SEAMAN AND THE SEAFARING ENVIRONMENT SYMPOSIUM REPORT PY - 1971/09 SP - 41 p. AB - The Symposium was held at the request of the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Maritime Affairs and attended by the leadership of seafaring labor unions and interested government officials. The purpose was to focus attention on factors in the seagoing environment which affect the seaman and his performance, with the objective of ascertaining the need for an industry-wide study. Papers were presented by recognized authorities in the fields of Human Behavior and Industrial Psychology. KW - Employee relations KW - Human factors engineering KW - Industrial psychology KW - Psychology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/5567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032739 AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - BONJEANS AND HYDROSTATICS COMPUTER PROGRAM MEOO1 PY - 1971/09 SP - 107 p. AB - A method is presented to compute bonjean and hydrostatic properties of a ship using sectional offset data. Integration is done vertically using straight line and circle approximations, and longitudinally using Simpsons Rule. The program is part of the Hull Scientific Program Package which also consists of Floodable Length, Capacities and Damaged Stability, and Longitudinal Strength. Communication between the programs is accomplished through the use of a data file containing bonjeans data and offsets. Program is written in Fortran 4 and requires a memory of about 19,000 words. KW - Bonjean curves KW - Buoyancy KW - Hydrostatic loading KW - Hydrostatic pressure KW - Hydrostatics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657462 AU - Maritime Research Information Service AU - Maritime Administration AU - National Research Council TI - TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF VESSEL SANITARY WASTES PY - 1971/07 SP - 161 p. AB - This report is concerned with the flow of pollution from marine vessels. Its scope is limited to those vessels operating on the navigable inland, harbor, and coastal waters of the United States and Canada. The review deals primarily with body wastes from toilets and urinals. Domestic wastes from laundries, showers, sinks, and galleys that have normally been discharged in the past from vessels' sanitary systems have been included, however, wto the extent that they bear on the problem. In the broadest sense, two approaches to the problem are available within the scope of present technology: (1) The wastes can be temporarily retained aboard for discharge at a shore facility or in unrestricted waters, or (2) The waste can be treated and discharged to the waterway in an acceptable condition. This synthesis provides the necessary background information for vessel operators and port authorities to ascertain which of the two approaches is most compatible with their operational requirements, including the advantages and disadvantages inherent in each. Administrators and legislators should also be able to gain additional perspective with regard to the scope of the problem. Alternate methods and approaches for solving the technical problems are suggested and their economic impact on the various sectors of the marine community is estimated. KW - Holding tanks KW - Sewage KW - Sewage holding tanks KW - Sewage treatment KW - Sewerage KW - State of the art KW - Tanks (Containers) KW - Waste disposal KW - Waste treatment KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/398751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00024843 AU - Johnson, G L AU - Townsend, L AU - Stockham, J AU - IIT Research Institute TI - DETECTION OF OIL CONTAMINATION IN SEA WATER. VOLUME 3: ENGINEERING EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE INFRARED OLEOMETER PY - 1971/07 SP - 73 p. AB - An instrument for monitoring oil contamination in sea water is described. Specificity for hydrocarbons is achieved by differential observations of infrared absorption at three wavelenghts: 1.193, 1.211, and 1.229 microns. Absorption at 1.211 microns is due to methylene groups present in hydrocarbons. Absorption levels at this wavelength are compared with absorption values at 1.193 and 1.229 microns. The comparison is made by a special chopper that acts as a modulator to deliver a balanced output to two detectors for common mode rejection of several sources of error and an unbalanced output in the presence of oil. (Author) KW - Detectors KW - Infrared spectroscopy KW - Monitoring KW - Oil spill cleanup KW - Oil spill detection KW - Oil spills KW - Water pollution monitoring KW - Water quality management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658744 AU - Barnla, J D AU - Boyle, E W AU - Hines, R B AU - Applied Information Industries AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY TO IMPROVE MARINE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS PY - 1971/06/15 SP - Various p. AB - A Maritime Data Center and its functions are defined as related to the use of satellites for maritime navigation and communication services. Through a cost benefit analysis utilizing a selected matrix of ships, economic benefits which could accrue from a maritime satellite system are developed. A development plan leading to an operational satellite system is defined and system cost estimates are presented. KW - Navigational satellites KW - Satellite communication KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657455 AU - AII Systems AU - Maritime Administration TI - INTEGRATED SHIPBOARD ELECTRONICS THROUGH MULTIPLEXING PY - 1971/06/15 SP - Various p. AB - A concept of integrating all shipboard control signalling and display devices is presented and developed. Transfer of data and signals is proposed through a common interconnecting wire through which all transfers are multiplexed. Several multiplexing methods are discussed and analyzed. Comparative cost estimates are considered. A demonstration program is outlined to test the feasibility of the concept. KW - Communication KW - Control devices KW - Electric power generation KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electronic equipment KW - Information display systems KW - Integrated shipboard systems KW - Multiplexing KW - Shipboard communication KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033637 AU - Barnla, J D AU - Applied Information Industries TI - STUDY TO IMPROVE MARINE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1971/06/15 VL - 1 SP - 68 p. AB - An executive summary is presented of the results of studies in the three associated volumes which contains all the essential conclusions reached in the more complete reports. Subject matter includes maritime satellite: (1) economic benefits, (2) system definition, (3) operational communication demonstration, (4) shipboard electronics multiplexing. (Author) KW - Communications satellites KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Navigational satellites KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033640 AU - Barnla, J D AU - Applied Information Industries TI - STUDY TO IMPROVE MARINE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS. VOLUME 4. INTEGRATED SHIPBOARD ELECTRONICS THROUGH MULTIPLEXING PY - 1971/06/15 VL - 4 SP - 67 p. AB - A concept of integrating all shipboard control signalling and display devices is presented and developed. Transfer of data and signals is proposed through a common interconnecting wire through which all transfers are multiplexed. Several multiplexing methods are discussed and analyzed. Comparative cost estimates are considered. A demonstration program is outlined to test the feasibility of this concept. (Author) KW - Control panels KW - Electronic equipment KW - Information display systems KW - Multiplexing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033638 AU - Barnla, J D AU - Applied Information Industries TI - STUDY TO IMPROVE MARINE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS. VOLUME 2. MARINE DATA COMMUNICATIONS DEMONSTRATION TEST PROGRAM PY - 1971/06/15 VL - 2 SP - 86 p. AB - A radio transmitter development and receiver modification program is described. Seagoing position determination and communication tests were conducted utilizing the NASA ATS-5 satellite transponder operating in the 1600 MHz band. Test results and an analysis of the data is presented. Conclusions of the test program establish the objectives which were sought. (Author) KW - Communications satellites KW - Navigational satellites KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033639 AU - Barnla, J D AU - Applied Information Industries TI - STUDY TO IMPROVE MARINE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS. VOLUME 3. MARINE DATA CENTRAL SYSTEM PY - 1971/06/15 VL - 3 SP - 212 p. AB - A Maritime Data Center and its functions are defined as related to the use of satellites for maritime navigation and communication services. Through a cost benefit analysis utilizing a selected matrix of ships, economic benefits which could accrue from a maritime satellite system are developed. A development plan leading to an operational satellite system is defined and system cost estimates are presented. (Author) KW - Communications satellites KW - Navigational satellites KW - Satellite navigation systems KW - Shipping KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032742 AU - Seibold, F AU - Maritime Administration TI - TANK CAPACITIES AND DAMAGED STABILITY COMPUTER PROGRAM MBO79 PY - 1971/06 SP - 191 p. AB - A computerized method is presented for computing the volumes, centers and free surface of any ship tank or space which can be defined by longitudinal or transverse bulkheads and the shell. Damaged stability calculations can be done using the lost buoyancy method by specifying an initial draft and flooded compartments. The program is part of the Hull Scientific Program Package which also consists of Floodable Length, Bonjeans, Hydrostatics, and Longitudinal Strength programs. Communication between the programs is accomplished through the use of a data file containing bonjeans data and offsets. Program is written in Fortran 4 and requires a memory of about 32,000 words. KW - Bonjean curves KW - Damage stability KW - Intact stability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Volume calculation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00649909 AU - McCready, L S AU - Parker, C W AU - Merchant Marine Academy AU - Maritime Administration TI - NS SAVANNAH OFFICER TRAINING PROGRAMS, LICENSING, EXPERIENCE AND IN-SERVICE RESULTS PY - 1971/05/10 SP - 18 p. AB - This paper describes training for officer personnel assigned to operate a nuclear merchant ship. To qualify these officers, it is essential to plan and teach a specialized program of organized courses of nuclear and non-nuclear studies. The scope of the training needs careful study. Considerable theoretical work is necessary, reinforced by laboratory exercises, training exercises, and much on-board study of the particular ship for which the officers are being prepared. Training is an absolutely essential aspect of the overall plans to operate the ship. It must all be carefully planned and carried out. The background of this paper stems from twelve years' experience in organizing, and supervising or teaching in the officer training plans for the NS SAVANNAH, from 1958 to 1970. KW - Courses (Instruction) KW - Education and training KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Savannah (Nuclear powered ship) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00019555 AU - Computer Identics Corporation AU - Transocean Gateway Corporation TI - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PILOT TERMINAL CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS) WITH AUTOMATIC CONTAINER IDENTIFICATION PY - 1971/05 SP - 110 p. AB - Terminal Control Systems (TCS) employing Automatic Container Identification (ACI) employs optical scanning devices that read color code labels applied to marine freight containers. In a marine terminal, data from the scanners on inbound and outbound container movements, handled by rail or truck, and units being loaded and discharged from containerships, are transmitted directly to a central computer for on-line/real-time terminal control, terminal security and management reports. KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Container identification systems KW - Containers KW - Marine terminals KW - Optical scanners KW - Signals KW - Terminal operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00035113 AU - LOUKAKIS, T A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - A NEW THEORY FOR THE WAKE OF MARINE PROPELLERS PY - 1971/05 SP - 192 p. AB - The trailing vortex sheets of a marine propeller, after a short transition region, roll up into helical vortex cores and a straight hub vortex core. Photographs of the phenomenon show a partial absorption of the vortex sheet of a blade by the tip vortex core of the preceding blade. The geometry of the ultimate wake can be theoretically calculated. The new model of the propeller wake can be used for the calculation of field-point velocities and the determination of propeller interaction. The use of the rolled-up wake model is strongly suggested for the unsteady propeller theory. An example of an application of the new wake model to propeller blade design is presented. The actuator disk theory underestimates the wake contraction for light propeller loadings and overestimates it for heavy propeller loadings. The wake contraction in the tunnel is practically independent of the propeller loading. The geometry of the wake of a propeller at constant thrust is different in the tunnel and in open water. The difference in induced velocities might change the cavitation characteristics of the propeller. The validity of existing optimization criteria for propeller performance was found questionable. The geometry of the ultimate wake will become a part of any correct solution of the problem. KW - Force KW - Propeller forces KW - Propeller theory KW - Propellers KW - Wake adapted propellers KW - Wake analysis KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015546 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CNSG MARITIME REACTOR-PHASE 3 MIDTERM REPORT PY - 1971/04 SP - 300 p. AB - The first half of Phase 3 work on B&Ws continuing contract with the Department of Commerce (Contract No. 1-35030) is described. The overall objective is to develop technical and economic data enabling comparison of a consolidated nuclear steam generator (CNSG) ship with a fossil-fueled ship of similar size and function. Capital and fuel costs were estimated in Task 1 for conventional and nuclear propulsion plants at various power levels from 40,000 to 120,000 shp. A break-even power level was selected from this range of sizes utilizing the capital and fuel costs only. A reference CNSG design will be developed during Task 2, and Task 3 work will be based on this. A naval architect will assist with Task 2 work during the latter half of Phase 3. The total design will be analyzed technically and economically and modified as required. An extensive value analysis-value engineering program will be conducted during Task 3 to reduce the overall cost of the CNSG ship. This work, based on the results from Tasks 1 and 2, will be performed during the second half of Phase 3. The CNSG plant utilizes many proven features from B&Ws central-station, utility power plants. The compact, light-weight CNSG is designed to accommodate such stresses as ship motion and vibration. KW - Consolidated nuclear steam generators KW - Economic analysis KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015225 AU - Nachtsheim, J J AU - Mentz, P B AU - Stranger, R W AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE SCANDINAVIAN MARITIME COMMUNITY: A SPECIAL REPORT PY - 1971/02 SP - 49 p. AB - The Maritime Administration sent a three-man team on an investigatory trip to Scandinavia from November 9, 1970, through November 27, 1970. Its purpose was to provide an in-depth assessment of the prosperous maritime industries of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. During its three-week tour, the team had extensive discussions with shipowners and shipbuilders associations and visited shipyards, research institutes, and universities. Particular emphasis in the survey was placed on the interrelationships between government, industry, and universities, and on the conduct and implementation of research. Consideration of innovative technical and managerial techniques ranged from economic marketing to computer-assisted regulatory decisions and automated ship production. A resume of the findings is included plus recommendations for: development of a private SHIP COMPUTER CENTER to provide a coordinated, centralized hardware and software capability for the U. S. maritime community; the establishment of a SHIP MANNING BOARD to provide a forum for the discussion of the effects of technical, economic and social change on shipboard manning and the establishment of a MARITIME RESEARCH COUNCIL to provide coordinated, centralized direction of maritime research and development. KW - Computer aided design KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Shipyard design KW - Shipyards KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508374 AU - United States Maritime Administration TI - Use of surplus liberty ships as artificial reefs : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00659596 AU - National Maritime Research Center AU - Maritime Administration TI - U.S. SEAMEN AND THE SEAFARING ENVIRONMENT: SYMPOSIUM REPORT PY - 1971 SP - 41 p. AB - This report is comprised of presentations at a conference that explored factors in the seagoing environment that affect the seaman and his performance, attitudes and needs. Papers presented include: "Modern Organization and Job Design"; "Recent Findings Showing the Impact of the Organization on Individuals: its relevance to the U.S. Merchant Marine"; "Occupational Analysis of the Seafarer"; and "Profile of the American Merchant Marine Officer." KW - Merchant seamen UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027310 AU - Davis, W R AU - Stanley Works TI - UTILIZATION OF RESERVE FLEET VESSELS IN PRODUCTION OF HOUSING PY - 1970/12/31 SP - 135 p. AB - The feasibility of placing housing production facilities aboard a ship, to determine what type of construction systems or parts of such systems would be most adaptable to fabrication within a ship, and what type of conversion and site for demonstration would be most productive, is considered. Topics considered include housing system selection, vessel modification, factory layout, ship modifications, support facilities, survey of cities, labor unions, insurance, Baltimore as a model site, economic analysis, concrete factory-ship design and bid package summary, and operational plan. It is concluded that production of both ship-based concrete and frame modular industrialized housing factories is technically feasible on a converted Liberty ship. Economic analysis concludes that in an area where housing requirements are inadequate to provide long term assurance of efficient plant utilization by markets close to a permanent land-based factory, a ship-based factory is economically advantageous. However, the higher initial investment for a ship-based factory makes a land-based factory more profitable when the area can insure continued adsorption of the products of the permanent factory. KW - Production KW - Production control KW - Ship conversion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00032233 AU - Hefler, J R AU - AMF Beaird, Incorporated TI - REMOVAL OF OIL FROM SEAWATER PY - 1970/12 SP - 143 p. AB - The report presents a summary and discussion of the results of a test program for separating Bunker C fuel oil and ballast seawater. Mixtures of Bunker C oil and seawater were found to be separable before dispersion by pumping. Enlargement of filter shell and minor modifications to baffles and inlet increased separation efficiency and capacity by a factor of three. Tests on oils of different density indicated oils heavier than seawater could also be separated. A difference in density is an important factor for oil removal but an oil of specific gravity 1.00 was separated at reduced capacity. Automatic operation can be provided by available capacitance probes locating interfaces. Closed-loop control of filter differential pressure can prevent breakthrough in spite of large increases in oil concentration. The test range covered from 0.1 percent to 10 percent oil, and the test temperature was 85 F. Temperature and cleaning rate were not critical factors, flow rate and oil concentration combine to determine the differential drop through the separator. (Author) KW - Ballast (Ships) KW - Oil recovery equipment KW - Oil removal equipment KW - Oil separators KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015514 AU - Rubin, L AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - THE NEGRO IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY PY - 1970/11 SP - 159 p. AB - In September 1966, the Ford Foundation announced a major grant to the Industrial Research Unit of the Wharton School to fund studies of the Racial Policies of American Industry. The purpose of the research effort, now in its fourth year, is to determine why some industries are more hospitable to the employment of Negroes than are others, why some companies within the same industry have vastly different racial employment policies, and to propose appropriate policy. This study is the seventeenth in a series of reports dealing with specific industries. The shipbuilding industry provides an example of minority employment policies and practices in an industry that is both strongly influenced by government and almost entirely unionized. Factors affecting minority employment in shipbuilding include the historically fluctuating demands for labor, inaccessibility of many shipyards to inner city dwellers, patterns of discrimination built around past union restrictions, and the increasing size of the southern shipbuilding industry. Until recently, the level of capital expenditures in shipyards has been below investments undertaken in many other industries. This also has had an effect upon minority employment. Basic research, conducted from 1968 through the first six months of 1970, consisted of field interviews with shipyard management, data collection, a search of literature, and extensive interviews with government officials. As in most previous reports, the data cited as in the possession of the author have been carefully authenticated and are on file in the Industrial Research Unit Library at the University of Pennsylvania. KW - Labor force KW - Labor market KW - Labor unions KW - Manpower studies KW - Shipyard employment KW - Shipyard personnel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027308 AU - Speicher, P E AU - Maritime Administration TI - PRESENTATION FOR THE INDUSTRIAL GAS TURBINE MARKET PLANNING AND FORECASTING SYMPOSIUM, HOUSTON, TEXAS PY - 1970/10/07 SP - 25 p. AB - Discusses opportunities and problems which may be expected in the use of gas turbines for merchant ship propulsion. World trade economic forecasts are addressed in terms of the most likely types of ships to be built, and investigations of suitable power plants for these vessels are reported on. Gas turbines are compared with other types of ship propulsion. KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Electric power plants KW - Gas turbines KW - Performance KW - Power plant costs KW - Power plant economics KW - Propulsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015224 AU - Kirman, A P AU - Gibney, R L AU - Maritime Administration TI - A REPORT ON THE MARINE INSURANCE INDUSTRY PY - 1970/10 SP - 29 p. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold, to investigate and provide statistics on the marine insurance market as a whole, and to examine various particular problems which have a special impact on the U. S. Merchant Marine. The thrust of this report is to examine, from a somewhat critical standpoint, the present structure and practices of the marine insurance market. There is little evidence that there has been any conscious effort by any segment of the marine insurance industry to discriminate against the U. S. Merchant Marine in whole or in part. Without exception the problems that have arisen and have been discussed in the Report have been as a result of the failure of the industry to adapt some of its long-standing practices to meet the changing needs of shippers and owners. The industry has considered these problems and has tried to do something about them but their efforts have been limited and sporadic. Yet the means to resolve these problems, would seem to be available, and rest on the acquisition of information and the ability to adapt underwriting methods to make use of it. The most important single conclusion of this report is that the Government can play an important part in achieving these goals, but that it will require a considerable change in the role that the Maritime Administration has previously played in marine insurance. The results of this change should, however, prove beneficial not only to the U. S. Merchant Marine, and to cargo shippers, but to the marine insurance industry itself. KW - Automobile insurance KW - Cargo insurance KW - Cargo underwriting KW - Hull insurance KW - Marine insurance KW - P and i insurance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00043754 AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company TI - NORTH SLOPE OIL AND GAS TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1970/10 SP - 45 p. AB - There are several routing schemes for the removal of Alaskan oil. With the exception of the Mackenzie River pipeline, each of the routes includes a sea-leg component. The development of the Mackenzie River scheme would eliminate a sizeable potential ship market, and concern over this possibility prompted a new examination of the Northwest Passage. This examination centered on determination of the more sensitive elements of the proposed all-icebreaker tanker system and the development of more economical alternatives to these sensitive elements. This has resulted in a new system concept, FROST, Floating Repair and Oil Storage Terminal. Where a large icebreaker tanker could average seven to ten knots in the new ice of Baffin Bay, as little as one knot could be expected through parts of the old ice. The economics of the icebreaker system are very sensitive to the average speed through the ice, and current speed estimates practically double the early expected transportation costs by this method. The development of a floating terminal which could move with the seasonal extremes of the Baffin Bay ice grew from the realization that the expensive, highly specialized icebreaker tanker could not operate economically in open water. With a terminal constantly on the edge of the ice pack, the icebreaker could spend practically all of its operational time in the ice. This was the basis for FROST. Having evaluated the effect of FROST on the icebreaker system, its effect on the economics of the even more expensive nuclear submarine system was determined. Here again, FROST would be used for on station docking and maintenance, and tankers of about 120,000 dwt would be used for the East Coast leg. This combination system was evaluated against the General Dynamics proposed system of transferring at a southern Greenland terminal. FROST is capable of docking and making both minor and major repairs with the use of its own shops and crew to either the icebreakers or the submarines. To save docking time, FROST was designed to dock a fully loaded icebreaker and accomplish ballasting up and offloading oil simultaneously. FROST was also designed to include tankage for crude oil storage of 606,000 tons to minimize the criticality of rendevous scheduling. This report provides an economic analysis of the following transport systems: a) icebreakers only; b) icebreakers/FROST and conventional tankers; c) submarines and conventional tankers; d) submarines/FROST and conventional tankers to the East Coast. KW - Arctic oil transportation KW - Arctic Regions KW - Economics KW - Floating docks KW - Floating structures KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel storage KW - Icebreakers KW - Oil terminals KW - Petroleum KW - Petroleum terminals KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Storage facilities KW - Submarine tankers KW - Submarines KW - Tankers KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027306 AU - Speicher, P E AU - Maritime Administration TI - HANDBOOK FOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS (REVISION NO. 2) PY - 1970/10 SP - 51 p. AB - Objective of handbook is to provide a guide for uniform procedures in the performance of life-cycle cost analyses of various systems and components covered by the MarAd Standard Specifications. The procedures developed are used for the evaluation of proposed changes under contract and innovations proposed during design development. Detailed illustrative examples are included as well as useful curves and tables to facilitate calculations. The handbook is not a text book on life-cycle cost analysis but assumes basic theory has been taught to the reader from other sources. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economics KW - Life cycle costing KW - Ship design KW - Ship systems economics KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007451 AU - Matson Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF CONTAINERIZATION ON THE U.S. ECONOMY. VOLUME 1 PY - 1970/09 VL - 1&2 AB - The Phase 1 report of The Impact of Containerization on the U.S. Economy analyses existing and proposed container services, the economics of intermodal transportation, and the legal and institutional constraints to the evolu- tion of containerized cargo movements. The report gives the background of containerized transportation with special emphasis on the marine segment. Marine and inland carriers are discussed as well as freight forwarders, Non-Vessel Owning Common Carriers etc. KW - Common carriers KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Institutional issues KW - Legal constraints KW - Nonvessel owning common carriers KW - Socioeconomic development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015544 AU - Ellis, R E AU - Goodfried, H J AU - Gross, C H AU - Saint Germaine, E T AU - Maritime Administration TI - A SHIPBOARD TRIAL OF VIBRATION ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT TO DETERMINE MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE PY - 1970/09 SP - 76 p. AB - In order to determine the feasibility of employing a vibration data acquisition and analysis system in a shipboard preventive maintenance program, the Maritime Administration undertook a one-year project aboard two cargo liners. Utilizing vibration analysis techniques developed for industrial use, a program of periodic measurements of engine room rotating machinery was instituted. Vibration velocity measurements were recorded by portable battery powered instruments. Biweekly readings were recorded, plotted and compared by the ships engineers for indications of developing trends and maintenance/overhaul decisions. The accumulated data were reviewed in detail and specified recommendations for more frequent checks of equipment developing failure trends and maintenance actions warranted were provided to the ships Chief Engineer. Conclusions reached as a result of the project are discussed, as well as current engineering underway to utilize the output from this experience, along with a deviation method of preventive maintenance scheduling, for the first shipboard application of a computer aboard a ship of the subsidized fleet. KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Temperature measurement KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015271 AU - Combustion Engineering, Incorporated TI - SELF REGULATING MARINE STEAM GENERATOR PY - 1970/09 SP - 222 p. AB - The report presents design and performance characteristics obtained from tests at the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Philadelphia. The objective of the tests was to demonstrate that the series turbine principle would supply fast and reliable load response without the loss of efficiency, over an acceptable range of load demand. A second objective of the tests was to demonstrate the feasibility of a self-recycling automatic boiler control. Test results indicated that the self-regulating concept of control is sound and yields satisfactory system stability and response. (Author) KW - Automatic control KW - Boilers KW - Regulation KW - Reliability KW - Steam KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00658219 AU - Littleton Research and Engineering Corporation AU - American Bureau of Shipping AU - American President Lines AU - States Steamship Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPELLER STRESS MEASUREMENTS AND HULL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS ON SS MICHIGAN PY - 1970/08 SP - v.p. AB - This report deals with a testing program carried out aboard the SS MICHIGAN for the purpose of identifying factors that might be related to blade failures that were experienced by other vessels in the COLORADO Class ships. The report presents data on the voyage route of the MICHIGAN; instrumentation installed to measure propeller blade stresses and hull vibrations aboard the vessel; results of these measurements; comparison of predicted stresses with measured stresses; and recommendation for future programs for measuring propeller stress and hull vibrations. KW - Hull stress KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Measurement KW - Michigan (Ship) KW - Stresses KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033680 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - LOOKOUT ASSIST DEVICE--ENGINEERING EVALUATION PY - 1970/08 SP - 32 p. AB - Prevention of ship collisions is the aim of the new Lookout Assist Device (LAD) developed by Sperry Rand Corporation under contract with the U.S. Maritime Administration. Using visual and audible warnings, LAD extends the capability of detection of other ships, large objects and navigational aids in both good and bad weather. The system automatically provides alarms when objects are detected in the guarded sectors and displays these alarms for rapid and easy recognition of sector and range. The Hearing LAD increases the probability of detecting an audible signal by one and a half times that of an unaided lookout as demonstrated in shipboard tests. The system is composed of a listening device (for audio) and low-power proximity warning radar (for visual) which may be easily installed on new or existing ships. KW - Acoustic detection systems KW - Acoustic detectors KW - Alarm systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Lookouts KW - Navigational aids KW - Radar KW - Surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648589 AU - Henry (J.J.) Co., Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR DECK STOWAGE OF CONTAINERS PY - 1970/07/31 AB - This report offers guidelines for the securing and protecting of cargo containers carried on the weather deck of ships, for the use of the ship designer, ship operator, and container operator. Included are guidelines for reducing ship motions, for protection of containers from sea impact, for securing of containers on deck, for location of containers on deck, and for security of cargo within containers on deck. An appendix contains details of the studies and research which were the basis for the preparation of the guidelines. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo lashings KW - Cargo stowage KW - Container stowage KW - Containers KW - Deck stowage KW - Lashing KW - Loading and unloading KW - Recommendations KW - Stowage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/388809 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00027307 JO - Maritime Reporter AU - Hammer, N O TI - SHIP VIBRATION--RECENT EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE PY - 1970/07/15 VL - 32 IS - 14 SP - 5 p. AB - The growth trend in ship size, speed and horsepower has posed a challenge to designers, builders and owners inasmuch as little or no prior experience has been available to guide the way. This growth trend has created special concern and poses the possibility that severe vibration problems will be encountered in the future on single screw merchant ships. Performance of past and present ships indicates that a great need exists for suitable guidelines at the ship design phase to enable the designer to minimize propeller induced vibrations through selection of optimum after body lines and stern configuration. The first step in achieving suitable guidelines, however, involves preparation of a comprehensive plan. Discussion is presented on aspects of such a plan. KW - Propeller vibration KW - Propellers KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration KW - Vibration control KW - Vibration prevention UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656711 AU - Koeningsberg AU - Lathrop AU - Glosten AU - Matson Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSOCEAN TUG-BARGE SYSTEMS, A CONCEPTUAL STUDY PY - 1970/07 AB - The tug-barge study explored the economic potential of transocean systems with separable power units (tugs and barges) in terms of competitiveness with self-propelled ships. Also studied were the technological and institutional problems that have to be solved before the inherent advantages of tug-barge systems can be realized. This study is comprised of three volumes: Volume 1 is the Executive Summary. Volume 2 describes the method of analysis used in the study, presents and interprets the results, and makes recommendations for future research. Volume 3 is an Appendix containing technical data and drawings to supplement the analysis developed in Volume 2. KW - Competition KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Economic factors KW - Investments KW - Ocean going tugs KW - Oceangoing barges KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007452 AU - Koeningsberg AU - Lathrop AU - Glosten, L R AU - Bringlowe AU - Matson Research Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSOCEAN TUG-BARGE SYSTEMS PY - 1970/07 VL - 1-3 AB - The Tug-Barge Study explored the economic potential of transocean systems with separable power units (tugs and barges) in direct competition with self-propelled ships. Also studied were the technological and institutional problems that have to be solved before the inherent advantages of tug-barge systems can be realized. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) Tugs pushing barges are cost competitive with ships in container, bulk, and especially break-bulk services, 2) The total capital required for tug-barge systems can be as low as 40% of the capital required for a comparable ship system, and 3) If the state-of-the-art can be expanded to improve linkage technology and tug-barge speeds, flotillas with as many as six barges can effectively reduce transportation costs. KW - Capital investments KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656618 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - BARGE TRAINS IN A COASTAL SEAWAY, PART 2: PREDICTIONS OF LATERAL MOTIONS AND BENDING MOMENTS PY - 1970/06 SP - Various p. AB - An analytical computer program was developed to predict oscillatory sway and yaw motions and lateral bending moments of push barge tows in a seaway. Predictions, from the computer program, for sway, yaw and lateral bending moment are given for two and three barge line ahead push tows. The lateral bending moment predictions are compared with model experiment results. KW - Barge trains KW - Bending moments KW - Pushboats KW - Pushed barges KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Towed barges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656620 AU - Eda, H AU - Ljone, A AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - BARGE TRAINS IN A COASTAL SEAWAY, PART 1: MODEL TESTS IN OBLIQUE SEAS PY - 1970/06 SP - Various p. AB - Tests of a 1/50-scale model of push-tow barge trains were carried out under various wave conditions, including wave-to-heading angle change, to obtain tow connection forces and train motions. Test results are presented for lateral bending moment, longitudinal and vertical forces on tow connections and for oscillatory motions such as roll, pitch and heave, with variations in wave conditions (wave length, wave height and wave-to-heading angle), number of barges, types of connections (hinge, short and long linkage), loading conditions and speeds. Test results for forces and moments indicate that the lateral bending moment is the most critical component in the resultant force generated on connections of barge trains in waves. For example, the maximum magnitude of measured moment coefficient (moment/(beam x one barge displacement)) was approximately 0.25 at the middle connection of the three-barges and tug train in moderate waves (wave height/wave length = 1/100) at wave-to-heading angles of 120 degrees and 60 degrees. The maximum longitudinal force coefficient (force/one barge displacement) obtained in tests was approximately 0.05 in moderate head seas (wave height/wave length = 1/100). Lateral bending moment and longitudinal and vertical forces were roughly doubled when the wave height relative to the wave length was increased from 1/100 to 1/50. KW - Barge trains KW - Bending moments KW - Force KW - Pushboats KW - Ship motion KW - Towing devices KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Wave forces KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00005955 AU - Cooper, R B AU - Carey, B G AU - Mara, T D AU - General Dynamics AU - Maritime Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS IN SHIP CONTROL. VOLUME 5. RADAR UTILIZATION CAPABILITIES PY - 1970/06 VL - 5 SP - 184 p. AB - This report describes an evaluation of merchant deck officer ship control effectiveness through an investigation of his performance during simulated, restricted-water operations. Of paramount interest were the deck officers radar collision avoidance and overall vessel conning capabilities as a function of ( 1 ) bridge design and equipment arrangement, ( 2 ) type of radar ( true or relative motion ) utilized, ( 3 ) application of computer- generated radar display aids, and ( 4 ) length of time since the deck officers last operation of a marine radar. Advanced conning station design is shown to enhance a single, seated deck officers overall ship control effectiveness. A comparison between radar types for experienced and newly trained radar observers is found to support the hypothesis that target handling capabilities are increased through the use of electronically displayed target labels and true course and speed vectors. It is shown that personnel perform more effectively when utilizing a true motion, North stabilized presentation for combined collision avoidance and channel navigation. KW - Human factors engineering KW - Licensed personnel training KW - Maneuvering KW - Radar operators KW - Restricted water operation KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00016713 AU - Eda, H AU - Ljone, A AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - BARGE TRAINS IN A COASTAL SEAWAY PART 1. MODEL TEST IN OBLIQUE SEAS PY - 1970/06 SP - 90 p. AB - Tests of a 1/50-scale model of push-tow barge trains were carried out under various wave conditions, including wave-to-heading angle change, to obtain forces on tow connections and motions of the train. Test results are presented for lateral bending moment, longitudinal and vertical forces on tow connections and for oscillatory motions such as roll, pitch and heave, with variations in wave conditions (wave length, wave height and wave-to-heading angle), number of barges, types of connections (hinge, short and long linkage), loading conditions and speeds. Test results of forces and moments indicate that the lateral bending moment is the most critical component in the resultant force generated on connections of barge trains in waves. For example, the maximum magnitude of measured moment coefficient (moment/(beam x one barge displacement)) was approximately 0.25 at the middle connection of the three-barges and tug train in moderate waves (wave height/wave length = 1/100) at wave-to-heading angles of 120 degrees and 60 degrees. The maximum longitudinal force coefficient (force/one barge displacement) obtained in tests was approximately 0.05 in moderate head seas (wave height/wave length = 1/100). Lateral bending moment and longitudinal and vertical forces were roughly doubled when the wave height relative to the wave length was increased from 1/100 to 1/50. KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Bending moments KW - Force KW - Ship motion KW - Towing devices KW - Towing operations KW - Tug barge linkage KW - Tugboats KW - Wave forces KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00033681 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - BARGE TRAINS IN A COASTAL SEAWAY PART 3 DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND CONTROL PY - 1970/06 SP - 75 p. AB - Results are given of rotating arm model tests in still water (for one to three line ahead push barge tows) to obtain hydrodynamic data on yaw moment, lateral force, drag and lateral bending moment at the barge tow connections during maneuvering. Dynamic course stability predictions determined from the test results show the turning ability of push tow barge trains is less than that of ordinary ships because of the high degree of stability and relatively less control force. The effect of bow thruster units on push tow controllability is shown. Large lateral bending moments are predicted for push barge trains during tight turns. Computer simulations for pull tow barges, in still water, indicate directional stability can be achieved by use of activated rudders without excessive drag. KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Course stability KW - Directional stability KW - Maneuverability KW - Motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00003167 AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC REPORT ON THE N.S. SAVANNAH FOURTH YEAR OF OPERATION PY - 1970/05 AB - An annual report on reactor operations, vessel performance, maintenance and outage work, cargo volume, revenues, and other technical, operational and economic data generated by the N.S. Savannah during experimental commerical operation as a cargo liner in break-bulk cargo service. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007456 AU - Deal, I D AU - Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company AU - Maritime Administration TI - CMX STANDARD SHIP DESIGN PROJECT REPORT. VOLUME 2 PY - 1970/05 VL - 2 SP - 221 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a study to develop ship designs and program plans for a program to revitalize the U.S. Flag Merchant Fleet. Commercial demand for ocean transportation was considered and requirements were determined by trade forecasts to 1982. Outputs of the trade forecasts and interviews were then tran- slated into system service requirements from which ship characteristics and fleet composition were defined. Pre- liminary design called for continuous feedback of infor- mation from production engineers as to the producibility of various design concepts. Preliminary production planning involved the conceptual design of a shipyard facility. An improved mode of procurement incorporating those findings and conditions which will support accomplishment of the Program objectives in a competitive marketing environment was developed. KW - Cmx project KW - Economic forecasting KW - Production control KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Shipyard design KW - Shipyards KW - Structural design KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007455 AU - Thorpe, R AU - Bath Iron Works Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - CMX STANDARD SHIP DESIGN PROJECT REPORT. VOLUME 1 PY - 1970/05 VL - 1 SP - 250 p. AB - This study documents in summary form the first phase study of the definition, design and procurement procedures for the merchant marine of the 70s. Included in this report are: 1) Forecasts of U.S. oceanborne foreign trade in 1982. 2) Analyses of shipping systems, and development of ship performance requirements. 3) Summarized char- acteristics from preliminary designs of the selected ships. 4) Production planning and estimated ship prices in large lots. KW - Cmx project KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Economic forecasting KW - Production control KW - Series production KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034709 AU - LOUKAKIS, T A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DETERMINATION OF WAVEFORM AND SHIP RESPONSES EXTREMES PY - 1970/05 SP - 91 p. AB - Long, statistical experiments on the distribution of the maxima of linear ship responses and wave heights were performed on a model of the cargo ship AMERICAN RACER. Mean square values, mean square values of the maxima, and the average of the 1/n highest values of the maxima of the processes were measured. In addition, spectral density functions of the processes and their broadness factor were calculated. The results were compared with theoretical relations. In the case of prediction of the mean square of the maxima and the average of 1/n highest values of the maxima, the proposed theoretical relations agree with the experimental results much better than presently used relations. The proposed relations take into account the mean square of the processed and the broadness factor of their spectral density functions. (Author) KW - Harmonic analysis KW - Instrumentation KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural models KW - Wave effects KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00003168 AU - Maritime Administration TI - NS SAVANNAH CORE 1 FUEL SHUFFLE REPORT PY - 1970/04 SP - 104 p. AB - This is a narrative type report which describes the work performed and problems that arose during the first refueling of the N.S. Savannah. The shuffle refueling involved replacement of 4 of 32 fuel assemblies of the original core with shares and repositioning and/or rotation of the remainder. The refueling was accomplished between August 23 and October 27, 1968. Concurrently a considerable amount of vessel and reactor systems maintenance and repair and inspections were accomplished. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00011991 AU - Falls, R AU - Gross, C H AU - Schubert, R AU - Strom-Tejsen, J AU - Maritime Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF CONTRAROTATING PROPELLERS WITH OTHER PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1970/02/11 AB - After brief comments on its place in a more general research program, the paper outlines the design changes necessary for the conversion of a container ship from a twin-screw power plant to a contrarotating power plant. The costs of the two ships are compared and an economic analysis of the differences in fuel costs is given. The results of a series of model tests comparing a contrarotating ship design with the original twin screw are given. Results from experiments with an overlapping propeller arrangement and single-screw tests are also included. KW - Contrarotating propellers KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Propellers) KW - Electric power plants KW - Power plant analysis KW - Power plant conversion KW - Propellers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034708 AU - Eleftheriou, I T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - MOTIONS AND JOINT LOADS OF A BARGE TRAIN IN WAVES PY - 1970/02 SP - 143 p. AB - A model barge train, with 100:1 scale ratio, was tested in regular waves and random seas. The train was driven by a tugboat at the aft end and the barges were of a type which can be used in both a seaway and for inland navigation. The hulls were connected in either a linked or a jointed configuration and for each case the following experiments were performed: tests in regular waves of constant steepness at various speeds, test in regular waves at various speeds and wave steepnesses to test for linearity, and test in a random seaway, with a significant wave height of 14 feet. Heaving, pitching, horizontal joint load and vertical joint load were measured during the experiments and compared to one another and to theoretical results. (Author) KW - Barge drag forces KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Drag KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Wave effects KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007477 AU - Fielding, S A AU - Maritime Administration TI - DESIGN STUDY OF CONDENSER AND CIRCULATION SYSTEM PY - 1970/01/07 SP - 87 p. AB - Economical performance of steam condensers is controlled largely from the drawing board and computer room; not by the ships crew. The design characteristics of the condenser and circulation system determine condenser performance, except for the effect of tube cleanliness. Sea water for the circulation system varies from 35 to 82.5 degrees Fahrenheit over a wide range of commercial trade routes. However, on certain routes the variation is from 35 to 60 degrees; on others 65 to 82.5 degrees. A survey was made of sea water temperatures for selected trade routes, and results plotted graphically for design guidance. Study has been directed toward design of condensers and circulation systems for special purpose, and for universal type ship operations. A series pump-scoop arrangement is proposed to provide favorable control of flow through condenser. Variations in condenser and circulation system design are evaluated by a life cycle cost analysis. A computer program for calculating condenser design characteristics for checking condenser performance, and for analyzing scoop performance is appended. KW - Condenser performance KW - Condenser scoops KW - Condensers KW - Performance KW - Scoop performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/490 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00007491 JO - Marine Technology Society Journal PB - Marine Technology Society AU - Seelinger, J H AU - Nagengast, J E AU - Naval Ship Research and Development Center TI - SELF-REGULATING STEAM GENERATOR: A PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1970/01 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - p. 10-20 AB - The self-regulating steam generator is a device designed to help achieve single-lever controllability of a marine steam power plant. This paper presents an abbreviated history of the SRSG development, defines the scope of control provided by the new system and describes at some length the purpose, procedures and results of actual boiler testing during the period from initial boiler light-off to completion of the preliminary test operation. KW - Automatic control KW - Boiler testing KW - Boilers KW - Regulation KW - Steam KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam regulation KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00005954 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AUTOMATIC CONTAINER IDENTIFICATION CONFERENCE PY - 1970/01 SP - 13 p. AB - The American railroad industry, historically faced with substantial capital investment in transport equipment, has developed the Automatic Car Identification System as an aid in insuring the productive use of their equipment. Therefore, the Maritime Administration sponsored the Automatic Container Identification Conference for executive level representatives of steamship lines, railroads, container leasing companies and related transportation organizations and Federal agencies. The purpose of this conference was to acquaint the maritime industry with a technologically advanced approach to equipment identification and control and to promote a climate of intermodal cooperation. The conference was held at the Department of Commerce on Tuesday, January 20, 1970. KW - Automatic car identification KW - Automatic container identification KW - Automatic equipment identification KW - Container control KW - Container handling KW - Container tracing KW - Containerization KW - Containers KW - Optical scanners UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027300 AU - Weather Bureau TI - PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN ESSA/WB SERVICES TO THE MERCHANT MARINE THROUGH THE MAR/AD OCEAN SCIENCE PROGRAM PY - 1970 SP - 17 p. AB - Recommendations are made to improve the Weather Bureau's marine data acquisition program and the Maritime Administration's ocean science program. These recommendations center around the development of the following specific projects: instrumentation, publications, communications support, classroom and correspondence courses in weather observing, and marine facsimile development program. The projects are detailed and appropriate unit costs or package costs are provided for each. KW - Marine data systems KW - Marine meteorology KW - Meteorology KW - Weather routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027200 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH HEALTH PHYSICS MANUAL, VOLUMES 1 AND 2 PY - 1969/09/02 VL - 1&2 SP - 21 p. AB - Two volumes, dealing with standards and procedures, of the N.S. Savannah health physics manual are presented. The first volume covers standards, policies and instructions which apply to the radiation protection program, including sections on: maximum permissible exposures and concentrations, control areas, personnel monitoring, radiation work permits, surveys, contamination control and decontamination, respiratory equipment and protective clothing, equipment calibration, waste management, fixed radiation monitoring system, source storage and handling, shipments and receipts, records, logs and reports, and training programs. Volume II provides the operational procedures to be carried out by health physics personnel aboard the ship. They deal with: health physics watch standing, surveys, radioactive waste disposal, shipment and receipt of radioactive materials, personnel monitoring and decontamination, protective clothing and equipment, counting equipment and operations, instrument calibration, access control, radiation monitoring system, radioactive sources, radiography, records and reports, emergency procedures, special entry procedures, primary system radiochemistry, and miscellaneous procedures. KW - Crew safety KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Occupational safety KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00019223 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated TI - BULK CARRIER PROGRAM. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS PY - 1969/08/29 SP - 74 p. AB - The basic purpose of this study was to define the technical requirements for a bulk carrier shipbuilding program through design studies of conventional and advanced bulk carriers. The technical investigations reported here are one of several interrelated studies of the Bulk Carrier Program, an element of the Competitive Merchant Ship Project of the Maritime Administration. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Cmx project KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Merchant vessels KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00034878 AU - Oakley, O H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - AN ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR PREDICTION OF SHIP IMPACT FORCES IN A SEAWAY PY - 1969/08 SP - 99 p. AB - Analytical and experimental studies have been conducted in an effort to predict the frequency and magnitude of ship slamming. The two dimensional impact model of Verhagen was extended to include ship sections and approximate plate deflections. The solution was related strongly to assumed added mass relations and hull deflections. Long experimental time samples of ship slamming were conducted in the towing tank, and the recorded motions agreed well with current strip theory predictions. KW - Impact KW - Ship impact forces KW - Ship motion KW - Ship structural components KW - Ships KW - Slamming KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027213 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - General Electric TI - EVALUATION OF STEAM AND GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS IN CONTAINER SHIPS PY - 1969/07/17 SP - 63 p. AB - Comparative data is presented to permit economic evaluations of steam and gas turbine propulsion plants installed on fast container ships. Specific ships, designed for a fast and two relatively slower services over New York to Hamburg and San Francisco to Yokohama trade routes, are evaluated on the basis of three types of propulsion plants: an 850psi-950 F conventional steam turbine installation and two gas turbine plants, one utilizing General Electric LM2500 turbines and the other Pratt and Whitney FT4 units. Common amounts of cargo and service speed on all dry cargo ships designed for the same service enable valid comparison. Basic plant economics were compared without penalizing gas turbine plants through selection of uneconomical operating levels. It is concluded that lower annual fuel costs of steam plants give them a large advantage over gas turbine plants. Fuel costs set forth in Appendix C are a critical factor in determining the economics. KW - Containerships KW - Gas turbines KW - Operating costs KW - Propulsion KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001639 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - PORT MANAGEMENT PROBLEM STUDY PY - 1969/07/15 SP - 35 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to: ( 1 ) identify key problem areas where the introduction of new management techniques could assist management in improving the efficiency of U.S. port operations; ( 2 ) develop research recommendations for the Maritime Administration that could assist in the industrys efforts to cope with changing managerial requirements; and ( 3 ) identify the information and data requirements that would enable port managers to make better decisions in both short and long-term port development and operations. During the course of the study a selection and survey of representative seaports on the Great Lakes, the Atlantic, the Pacific and Gulf coasts was made. ( Author ) KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Port operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/54 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00003178 AU - Bechtel Corporation AU - Maritime Administration TI - SUMMARY - STUDY OF MOBILE EMERGENCY PORT FACILITIES PY - 1969/07 SP - 52 p. AB - The report defines a system of mobile equipment capable of unloading ships under emergency conditions involving natural disasters such as earthquakes or hurricanes, in which port facilities are either lacking or inadequate. This is intended to also expand the ability of the merchant marine to serve military resupply operations in underdeveloped harbors. The system includes a modular system of pontoons which can serve as piers or causeways, and which can be equipped with outboard drive diesel power units to provide lighterage service. The entire port package can be transported overseas in a 300-ft. seagoing barge which also serves as an unloading platform suitable for conventional break-bulk cargo operations or Ro/Ro operations. The report provides a conceptual design and breakdown of estimated costs; it describes the type of reponses used in past disaster situations. KW - Barges KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Lighters KW - Towed barges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027212 AU - Maritime Administration TI - BULK CARRIER PROGRAM PLAN PY - 1969/07 SP - 78 p. AB - Due to the increased importance and continued growth of dry bulk trade, a program is presented to satisfy the established requirements for dry bulk carriers. Obsolescence of the U.S. dry bulk fleet has prevented it from capitalizing on the increased imports of raw materials and semi-processed goods. A target fleet is hypothesized for planning purposes; the specific number of ships and their designs are dependent upon support applications and availability. U.S. flag bulk ships would require government support to compete on equal terms with comparable ships under foreign flags. Program financing is done by fixed-sum construction and operating supplement. Program emphasis is on commercial requirements to achieve a minimum freight rate by lowering construction and operating costs and achieving maximum feasible cargo carrying capability. KW - Bulk carriers KW - Competition KW - Construction KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Foreign KW - Imports KW - International competition KW - Operating subsidies KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027314 AU - Maritime Administration TI - WOODS HOLE CONFERENCE ON MARITIME RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, APPENDIX 3 PY - 1969/07 SP - 272 p. AB - Detailed work descriptions are given of the 110 program elements recommended by the Woods Hole Conference on Maritime Research and Development. In marine sciences and technology, the research and development areas include hydrodynamics, propulsion machinery, structures, navigation and electronics, component technology, educational and scientific programs, and technical information systems. Program areas in marine transport planning involve demand and market forecasts, technology forecasts, transport concept formulation, management techniques, and institutional constraints and legislative requirements. Ship systems engineering and development includes advanced ship design, nuclear ships, and systems engineering and fabrication. Research and development studies in ports, terminals, land transportation support and ship operations is also provided. Objectives, action plans, and end-product results are given in all program elements. KW - Development KW - Maritime research KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management KW - Ship systems concepts KW - Shipping KW - Ships KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001635 AU - Westinghouse Defense and Space Center TI - MARITIME SATELLITE VHF COMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL PY - 1969/06/30 SP - 132 p. AB - The specification defines a set of minimum requirements for a shipboard VHF terminal operating in a VHF satellite communication system. The prime requirements of this equipment are high sensitivity, low noise, high reliability, and moderate cost. A single voice frequency channel is provided for communication over any terrestrial area illuminated by the satellite. Requirements for interface units are also defined to permit teletype, data transmission, and facsimile services. Additional interface units ( filters ) will permit multiplexing voice on the above optional services. In the multiplexing case there will be some loss in voice recognition quality and some reduction in the speed of the optional services. Individual specifications are presented for each major subsystem: Antenna, Preamplifier, and Transmitter Receiver. Each specification is complete and can be used individually to procure the subsystems. Alternately, the specifications can be used as a package to procure a complete system from a single prime contractor. ( Author ) KW - Communication systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00656617 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDIES OF BARGE TRAINS IN A COASTAL SEAWAY PY - 1969/06 SP - Various p. AB - This report presents the major findings of a series of studies on barge trains in a coastal seaway. The studies were conducted from March 1968 through March 1969 at the Davidson Laboratory of the Stevens Institute of Technology. The findings reported pertain to four areas of the experimental and analytical work that was carried out for this project: (1) analysis of yaw, sway, and lateral bending moment on connections of barge trains in regular quartering seas; (2) tests of a 1/50-scale model of a barge train in regular quartering seas; (3) tests of a 1/50-scale model of a barge train in regular head seas; and (4) a simulation study of yaw, sway, and resistance of pull-towed barges in calm water, based on captive- model test results. KW - Barge couplings KW - Barge motions KW - Barge trains KW - Barges KW - Bending moments KW - Course stability KW - Model tests KW - Motion KW - Towed barges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/399968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001615 AU - Bechtel Corporation TI - STUDY OF MOBILE EMERGENCY PORT FACILITIES PY - 1969/06 SP - 185 p. AB - The study consists of a review of requirements for port facilities anticipated for future emergencies in various parts of the world and, from this, develops information on which to preplan port facility equipment, with related manpower and planning data. The object was to form a mobile port package tailored to specific operational requirements for unloading essential civilian and military support cargo, including fuel and perishables. The key element of the study has been that the equipment be mobile enough to allow prompt deployment of such a package to any port in the world on short notice. The study is structured in a systematic manner. Background information on natural and accidental disasters and military operations, gathered to define the circumstances that require use of the port package, is summarized in the Appendix. Chapter 1 is devoted to a definition of a typical mission and an operating situation and then development of port package criteria. Using these design criteria, Chapter 2 explores and screens potential design concepts. Three candidate systems are carried over into Chapter 3 for detailed design and evaluation. With the design concepts firmly established, their application potential are evaluated in Chapter 4. (Author) KW - Marine terminals KW - Mobile ports KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/35 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027208 AU - Speicher, P E AU - Maritime Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF AIR EVACUATION EQUIPMENT PY - 1969/06 SP - 5 p. AB - The paper compares from a life cycle cost standpoint, the use of vacuum pumps, steam air ejectors without mechanization, and steam air ejectors with mechanization, for both main condenser and auxiliary condenser application. Detailed calculations together with recommendations are included. KW - Condensate KW - Condensate systems KW - Condenser performance KW - Condensers KW - Life cycle costing KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657358 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc. AU - Maritime Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE FINANCING METHODS FOR A DRY BULK SHIP PROGRAM PY - 1969/05/29 SP - Various p. AB - The primary purpose of the study was to identify various promising plans for the required financing, both public and private, to construct and operate such a fleet. The goal has been to select financing arrangements that will utilize private financial channels to the greatest possible extent. To be most useful, the financing alternatives should provide a maximum of incentive to shipowners for entry into the dry bulk trade, but keep to a minimum the cost to the government of making the shipowners competitive in international trade. Six possible financing plans, each composed of a number of financing techniques, have been formulated and evaluated. The final selection of one or more of the plans, or of variations to them, can be made after government approval of the program is achieved and potential shipowners have made a tentative commitment. The approach used in the study and each of the alternative financing plans, their strong and weak points, the relative cost to the government of each, and their potential attractiveness to shipowners are fully described in this report. The results of this study are being used in developing the overall program plan for the Competitive Merchant Ship Project. KW - Construction KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Financing KW - Shipbuilding KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001646 AU - Litton Systems, Incorporated TI - OPTIMIZATION STUDIES FOR A STANDARDIZED DRY BULK CARRIER PY - 1969/05 SP - 283 p. AB - The report seeks to determine in what way, and to what extent, new approaches to ship design can be utilized to increase the portion of U.S. foreign trade dry bulk cargoes carried in U.S. flag ships. The study is oriented to determining ship characteristics of standardized bulk carriers that could lead to significant cost savings if the designs were modularized for series production of relatively large numbers of ships. ( Author ) KW - Competitive merchant ships KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Merchant vessels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/61 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001584 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated TI - FORECAST OF U.S. OCEANBORNE FOREIGN TRADE IN DRY BULK COMMODITIES PY - 1969/03/28 SP - 244 p. AB - The basic purpose of the study was to provide a broad base of planning data outlining the trade environment within which the contemplated American-flag dry bulk cargo ships will be operated. The data consist of 25-year forecasts of oceanborne exports and imports of 14 principal commodity groups and a forecast of total U.S. oceanborne dry bulk trade. Annual rates of growth will be substantial, but less dramatic than in recent years. From 1965 to 1995 U.S. dry bulk oceanborne trade is forecast to double from 158 million tons to approximately 300 million tons, consisting primarily of ores and grains. ( Author ) KW - Bulk cargo KW - Bulk ore KW - Economic forecasting KW - Ores KW - Research KW - Shipping KW - Shipping forecasts KW - Shipping research KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/16 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027211 AU - Beck, R F AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - A COMPUTERIZED PROCEDURE FOR PREDICTION OF SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE PY - 1969/03 SP - 17 p. AB - A computerized procedure is presented for the calculation of the seakeeping characteristics of a given hull form or a Series 60 hull form. The program is written in Fortran 4 language for use on an IBM system 360-65. The program has the ability to calculate calm water resistance(Taylor Standard Series, or Series 60) and regular or random sea results. The seakeeping results can give motion, vertical velocities, accelerations at any point along the length of the ship, added resistance, and bending moments and shear forces at 21 stations. In addition, experimental results for motions and wave spectra can be read into the program for random sea calculations. A listing of the program and the required input data are presented in the appendices.(Author) KW - Computers KW - Naval architecture KW - Performance KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship design KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Vehicle design KW - Wave resistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00005970 AU - Chwirut, T J AU - Cherrix, C B AU - Maritime Administration TI - PD-133 PACER CLASS COMMERCIAL CARGO SHIP PY - 1969/02/20 SP - 63 p. AB - The ship design described herein proceeded from the assumption that low cost, general cargo ships of moderate size, simplified and capable of being built in quantity would prove useful in the commercial and military posture of the United States. The design is not put forth as a finished product ready for construction; but rather as a preliminary design devoid of sophisticated features normally found in modern cargo liners. It is presented to the industry for its critique and for possible use as a point of departure for further development. Many items for lowering first costs were advanced, most of which were explored for potential implementation. Some of these are described in detail herein. The total construction cost reduction, the ultimate goal of this design, amounts to 20-25% of the usual cost of a modern cargo liner and was achieved by an across-the-board approach to the problem. KW - Bulk cargo KW - Cargo ships KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/356 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001587 AU - Bray, J O AU - Cole, A T AU - Hammond, R J AU - Lazar, A E AU - Borgeson, N S AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - PROJECTIONS OF PRINCIPAL U.S. DRY BULK COMMODITY SEABORNE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS FOR 1975 AND 1995 PY - 1969/02 SP - 125 p. AB - The objective of this study is to make two sets of forecasts, one interim ( 1975 ) and one long term ( 1995 ) of the major seaborne bulk cargo movements to and from the United States, together with coastwise movements when appropriate. These forecasts were commissioned by the Maritime Administration ( MarAd ) as part of the basis of its plans for creating a U. S.-built and U. S.-operated bulk cargo fleet. KW - Dry bulk cargo KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economic forecasting KW - Research KW - Shipping KW - Shipping forecasts KW - Shipping research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/17 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027206 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MAST HEIGHT BOOKLET PY - 1969/01/27 SP - 15 p. AB - Table of mast heights or upper most structure measured above load water line and light draft for ships built under the Maritime Administration's cognizance. Ships include passenger ships, cargo ships, research vessels and tankers. Future editions will include dry bulk carriers, LNG carriers and OBO's. KW - Masts KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001589 AU - BROIDO, J A AU - Ward, M R AU - Waldman, J D AU - Engineering and Management Sciences Corporation TI - A STUDY OF SHIPBUILDING COST ESTIMATING METHODOLOGY PY - 1969/01/20 SP - 93 p. AB - The report develops the requirements ( criteria ) for a useful cost methodology, compares the present methodology with the critieria and describes a new methodology which is product-oriented in conformance with the way a ship is built rather than the way it is designed. The uses and advantages of the product-oriented methodology are described in detail and a program for development and installation of the methodology is laid out. The report concludes with a recommendation that a National Shipbuilding Cost Data Bank be instituted for collection and distribution of unit cost and price data to shipbuilders, shipowners, and other interested parties within the marine industry and government. This Data Bank would be operated so that sources of specific data would remain confidential to protect all proprietary information. Periodic reports would be issued similar to those utilized in the construction industry in which average unit prices and costs and total cost indices are published on quarterly or yearly basis. ( Author ) KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Ship construction costs KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/19 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007133 AU - Taggart (Robert) Incorporated TI - SHIP MOTIONS IN RESPONSE TO MANEUVERING SYSTEM ACTUATION PY - 1969/01/15 SP - 160 p. AB - A solution to a previously puzzling 6- to 12-minute period of ship motion that handicaps high-speed operations in moderate seas was developed. ( Author ) KW - Maneuvering KW - Ship motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/444 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00027207 JO - Marine Technology Society Journal PB - Marine Technology Society AU - Hagen, A AU - Hammer, N O AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - SHIPBOARD NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM A HABITABILITY VIEWPOINT PY - 1969/01 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 10 p. AB - This paper discusses the problems of noise and vibration due to propeller, propulsion machinery, and associated auxiliaries on commercial merchant ships, and their effects on shipboard habitability. Human sensitivity to noise and vibration is reviewed and some discussion concerning the relative positions of design agent, shipbuilder, and shipowner is presented. Results of shipboard noise and vibration surveys conducted by the Maritime Administration are presented together with proposed acceptable limits of noise and vibration. KW - Habitability KW - Habitat (Ecology) KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Standards KW - Surveys KW - Vibration KW - Vibration standards KW - Vibration surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00039322 AU - HAGAN, A AU - Naval Ship Research and Development Center TI - A COMPENDIUM OF UNDERWAY HULL VIBRATION DATA ON COMMERCIAL SHIPS OBTAINED SINCE 1959 IN THE U.S.A. PY - 1969 SP - 111 p. AB - The results of full scale underway vibration trials, conducted according to the Code for Shipboard Hull Vibration Measurements published by the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, is presented in the prescribed format for 16 commercial ships, indicating the vibration experienced at the hull stern and thrust bearing during incremental steady speeds and maneuvers. KW - Measurement KW - Ships KW - State of the art KW - Surveys KW - Vibration KW - Vibration control KW - Vibration measurement KW - Vibration surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/7134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027096 AU - Taggart (Robert) Incorporated TI - FUNCTIONAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MERCHANT SHIP MANEUVERING SYSTEMS PY - 1968/10/15 SP - 130 p. AB - Examination of maneuvering and control system performance on merchant ships was made to determine system efficiency and economy. Following selection of a ship with the desired characteristics, a maneuvering system components study was made and necessary instrumentation was obtained for performance data acquisition. System performance was observed under all normal operating conditions for comparison with predicted performance. Results of observations and measurements indicated the maneuvering system was capable of generating undesirable ship motions not related to its basic function. Additional instrumentation development and a second series of shipboard measurements investigated possible counteraction methods. Recommendations are presented for changes in the maneuvering control systems, maneuvering machinery, and hydrodynamic characteristics of the control surfaces. KW - Maneuvering KW - Rudder control systems KW - Rudders KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001625 AU - Carson, W R AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - SHIPS BRIDGE CONTROL SYSTEM PY - 1968/10 SP - 15 p. AB - The report is concerned with the Ship Motion Predictor portion of the Ship Condition Console. The project was initiated to integrate all of the displays and controls generally found on a merchant vessels bridge into a coordinated consol system. Concurrently, the project was to develop new instruments and displays to facilitate control, navigation, safety and communication functions. ( Author ) KW - Automation KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Consoles KW - Control consoles KW - Information display systems KW - Ship automation KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027088 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - SHIP BRIDGE CONTROL SYSTEM FINAL ENGINEERING REPORT PY - 1968/10 SP - 14 p. AB - The purpose of the development of ships bridge control system is to integrate all of the displays and controls generally found on a merchant vessel's bridge into a coordinated console system. Concurrently the project is to develop new instruments and displays to facilitate control, navigation, safety, and communications functions. This report is concerned with the Ship Motion Predictor portion of the Ship Condition Console. A report reviewing the developmental efforts on this project is attached as Appendix A. KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Consoles KW - Control consoles KW - Ship motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027087 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - SHIPBOARD INFORMATION SYSTEM VOL. 1: PROJECT SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS PY - 1968/09 SP - 63 p. AB - This volume contains the summary and conclusions of the Shipboard Information System project, including the results of the three shipboard tests of the system. The system, which is designed for use by the U.S. merchant marine, provides information on wage costs, union contract provisions and maintenance and repair activity aboard ship. In addition, the system provides for the computer processing of shipboard payrolls. Vol. 2 contains the instructions, codes and forms for the system. KW - Analysis KW - Automation KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Costs KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management control systems KW - Shipboard information system KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001634 AU - McMullen (John J) Associates, Incorporated TI - ROLL DISTRIBUTION OF AN ADVANCED NUCLEAR CARGO SHIP ON TRADE ROUTE 12; UNSTABILIZED AND STABILIZED USING A FLUME STABILIZATION SYSTEM FOR U.S. MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1968/08 IS - 1 SP - 49 p. AB - The rolling motion of a Nuclear Containership is investigated to arrive at a basis for developing reactor design criteria. A loaded voyage on trade route 12 New York, Panama, Japan is selected as a basis for calculating maximum roll angles under severe sea conditions and zero ship speed. The most severe conditions occurring on trade route 12 occur in the Northern Pacific Ocean. Oceanographic data in existance for the Northern Pacific is used in conjunction with ship response data derived from model test results to predict the probability of large roll angles occurring. A FLUME STABILIZATION SYSTEM is incorporated into the calculations to predict its effect on the roll motion for the conditions described. ( Author ) KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Stability (Mechanics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00657240 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Maritime Administration TI - TRANSITIONAL CONTAINERSHIP CONCEPT STUDY: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1968/07/30 SP - Various p. AB - The primary objective of this study was to develop a ship design featuring a hold module and cargo handling system arranged to facilitate ready changeover from a highly flexible breakbulk operation to efficient all-container stowage via cellular stacking without the need for extensive structural modifications, guide installations, or additional handling equipment. This document presents a summary of the results of a design study to achieve this objective. KW - Cargo handling KW - Containerships KW - Cost estimating KW - Defense preparedness KW - Estimates KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Palletized cargo KW - Pallets KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Statistics KW - Trade KW - Trade routes KW - Trade statistics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001590 AU - McLeod, N B AU - Herbert, J L AU - Nuclear Utility Services, Incorporated TI - THE ECONOMICS OF NUCLEAR FUEL IN MARITIME APPLICATIONS PY - 1968/07 SP - 77 p. AB - The report presents and updates the results of a detailed investigation ( see PB-169935 ) of the economics of nuclear fuel as a source of energy for merchant ships. The basic uncertainties, dependences, magnitudes and trends of fuel cost elements and trends with a number of central station water reactor applications are established. ( Author ) KW - Fuel processing KW - Nuclear fuel processing KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear reactor cores UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001596 AU - General Dynamics TI - DIGEST FOR THE ADVANCED NUCLEAR CARGO SHIP STUDY PY - 1968/06/30 SP - 123 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to establish the preliminary design and construction features and associated total cost analysis of a hypothetical, large, high-speed, nuclear-powered, point-to-point, high-productivity container-ship operating on Trade Route 12. The study is based on currently available proven technology and such hardware as can be offered by United States industry on a fixed price/warrantee basis, with particular emphasis on pre-assurance of operational dependability. ( Author ) KW - Containerships KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00015004 AU - Southern Illinois University, Carbondale TI - A STUDY OF RIVER PORTS AND TERMINALS PY - 1968/06 SP - 68 p. AB - The study covered by this report was conducted by the Transportation Institute of Southern Illinois University over the academic year 1967-1968, and was funded in part by the Maritime Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, through a contract (No. MA-4319) with the University. The design set for the study required the assembly of information, primarily from extant publications but also from direct field contact where possible, on the distribution, capacity, and types of facilities on the inland waterways, on the commerce served by those facilities, and on the systems or modes of operation employed. Accordingly, abstracts of data were made from pertinent records and reports, and a mail survey, augmented by field trips, was utilized. The material thus assembled provided the basis for selecting criteria by which to describe the inland waterways in terms relevant to the prospective development of closer links between inland and marine carriers, and by which river ports may be defined, ranked, and identified. The resulting descriptions and identifications are presented in this report. The report is in two sections. Section 1 is devoted to a general view of inland waterway transportation in terms relevant to a prospective inland extension of marine commerce, with comments on related problems and steps toward solution. Section 2 is a presentation of more detailed information, including tabulated data on facilities and commerce and relevant maps or charts. KW - Barge economics KW - Barge operations KW - Barge traffic KW - Barges KW - Marine transit KW - River ports KW - Water traffic KW - Water transportation KW - Waterway transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051160 AU - Fetchko, J A AU - Maritime Administration TI - SHIPBUILDING COST AND PRICE INDICES PY - 1968/06 SP - 25 p. AB - The primary purpose of the shipbuilding cost and price indices is the measurement of change in those values with time. In cost estimating and analysis, such indices are commonly used to determine the present day value of an equivalent ship or component from historical data, to detect inflationary or recessionary changes, and to forecast future values based on the trends. This paper also briefly describes the sources used to establish cost and price data and the techniques used in preparing the MARAD cost and Price indices. KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027029 AU - Miami Marine Research, Incorporated TI - COMPARATIVE CORROSION TESTS PY - 1968/05 SP - 76 p. AB - Aluminum, steel, copper and zinc plates were subjected to marine immersion for three years to determine the comparative corrosion sustained by each type of metal for the purposes of ascertaining structural usefulness. This report concludes that aluminum has the greatest resistance to marine corrosion. Zinc ranks second, copper third, while steel sustains the highest amount of corrosion. Corrosion occurred most rapidly during the first year. This report is illustrated by numerous photographs taken throughout the test years. KW - Corrosion tests KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001583 AU - Control Systems Research Inc TI - THE FEASIBILITY OF REDUCED CARGO GEAR INSTALLATIONS ONBOARD BREAK-BULK CARGO SHIPS PY - 1968/05 SP - 158 p. AB - Contents: Trade characteristics--the basis for comparison: Mobile, self-powered cranes; Installed deck systems; Equipment and operational tradeoffs; Economic analysis of alternative arrangements. Future applicability of derived results. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/15 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007134 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - RESISTANCE AND DIRECTIONAL STABILITY OF BARGES IN A COASTAL SEAWAY PY - 1968/04 SP - 92 p. AB - Hydrodynamic data on resistance, yaw moment, and lateral force for tug-barge systems were obtained with 1/25-scale models ( 7.6-ft long for barges and 4.5-ft long for a tug ). Resistance test results for barge systems are presented in non-dimensional forms and in full scale, with discussion of the effects of loading conditions, skeg configurations, number of barges, bow configurations, and head seas. Results indicate that resistance-per-ton for tested barge trains is roughly equal to that for a single barge when the space between barges is very small ( approx.= 0 )or very large ( approaching infinity ), and that it is larger ( by roughly 30 percent ) than that for a single barge when space/barge length approx.= 0.07. Equations of motion of the tug-barge system in the horizontal plane are formulated to examine directional stability. Automatic controls of rudder ( tug ) and flap ( barge ) are included. Stability analyses based on captive model-test results indicate that the barges themselves are hydrodynamically unstable, but that some of them can be made directionally stable under proper towing conditions. Towed barges are more stable at light -load conditions than at full-load conditions because of increased resistance-per-ton and relative skeg area. The directional stability is improved with skeg and drag increase. When flaps which are trailing portions of skegs are activated, the stability is significantly improved without substantial increase in resistance. ( Author ) KW - Barges KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027107 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS REPORT, AUGUST 19, 1967- FEBRUARY 3,1968 PY - 1968/04 SP - 28 p. AB - Operations report on the N.S. Savannah covers the third year of commercial cargo service. During this period one voyage was made to the Far East and one to the Mediterranean. Reactor power was available at sea at all times. The vessel was operated at less than full power in order to conserve fuel; this ensured normal reactor operation until the core could be replenished. A review of general reactor plant operation includes the control rod drive system, containment vessel, reactor space ventilation system filters, water chemistry, and reactor shutdowns. A marked increase in personnel exposures was experienced due to the increasing ambient dose rate in the containment and the proximity of principal work areas to the points of highest radiation. The rising ambient radiation level in the containment vessel was caused by the amount of corrosion products deposited in the primary system. Shore staff operations included a technical specification change, port surveys, and a charcoal adsorber test program. A safety committee determined safe and efficient reactor plant management. KW - Cargo movement KW - Freight transportation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Safety KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001600 AU - Maritime Administration TI - STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CARGO SHIP CONSTRUCTION PY - 1968/03/01 SP - 864 p. AB - This Standard Specification was developed and is currently maintained by the Office of Ship Construction, Maritime Administration with the cooperation of the Shipbuilders Council of America, the Committee of American Steamship Lines and the Marine Industry. It reflects the latest materials, equipment, and ship construction practices used by the Marine Industry: Specifically, this Standard Specification is intended for guidance purposes by Design Agents and Owners to assist in the development of individual specifications for specific ship designs submitted with Subsidy Applications for Maritime Administration approval. ( Author ) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hulls KW - Ship hulls KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00033177 JO - Railway Technical Research Institute, Quarterly Reports PB - Railway Technical Research Institute/Tetsudo Gijutsu Kenkyujo AU - Matsui, S AU - Suzuki, S AU - JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAYS AU - Maritime Administration TI - CALCULATION ON DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF HYDRAULIC CUSHION UNDERFRAME (REPORT 1) PY - 1968/03 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - p. 25-32 AB - The car structure with a movable through-member which connects the draft gears at the car ends-the cushion underframe--is considered for the case when a hydraulic shock absorber acts against the relative motion between the through-member and the car body. The impact motion between a conventional car and the car with a cushion underframe is solved in order to give a practical method to determine suitable dimensions of elements and also to predict the motion under any initial conditions. For the calculation, use of electronic computer is considered. Numerical examples show the favourable performance of the system, giving the coupler forces within the limit of car-end strength even for a very high impact speed, say 20 kn/h, of the cars. The method described in this article has been successfully applied for the designing marine-container cars. The test results are quite favourable. KW - Car impact KW - Couplers KW - Crashes KW - Cushioning KW - Cushioning materials KW - Draft gears KW - Freight cars KW - Gears KW - Japan KW - Railroad cars KW - Technology KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4955 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00033175 JO - Railway Technical Research Institute, Quarterly Reports PB - Railway Technical Research Institute/Tetsudo Gijutsu Kenkyujo AU - Takihara, M AU - Tomita, K AU - Takeuchi, Y AU - Tsuyuki, S AU - Hirose, S AU - Kose, Y AU - SATO, Y AU - JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAYS AU - Maritime Administration TI - FIELD TEST OF CORROSION PREVENTED RAILS ON THEIR ENDURANCE LIMIT TO RAIL END FRACTURE PY - 1968/03 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - p. 17-20 AB - In order to prevent rail end fracture by corrosion fatigue cracking, various measures for prevention of corrosion were examined by field tests. In the preliminary test, 25 measures for prevention of corrosion were examined in tunnels under steam traction. Considering the test results, 4 measures were selected for life test. The most remarkable result of life test was as follows: In the tunnel, in which the mean life of non-treated rail was only 3 years, that of shot-peened rail covered with zinc metalicon was elongated up to 5 or 6 years. KW - Coatings KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion fatigue KW - End breaks KW - Failure KW - Fatigue (Mechanics) KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Field tests KW - Japan KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail failure KW - Technology KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4953 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00033176 JO - Railway Technical Research Institute, Quarterly Reports PB - Railway Technical Research Institute/Tetsudo Gijutsu Kenkyujo AU - Ueda, T AU - Shiba, S AU - JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAYS AU - Maritime Administration TI - MEASUREMENT OF RAIL SURFACE CONDITIONS (REPORT 2)--FRICTION OF RAIL SURFACE PY - 1968/03 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - p. 38-40 AB - Measuring methods of rail surface conditions and of friction of rail surface in the field developed, and applied to measurements in a performance test of ED75S AC locomotive. The friction varied during the measurement and was affected by the weight of the slider. The friction of the rail on the definite position varied with time, and values ranging 0.29 to approximately 0.53 were obtained. Friction variation in the direction of the rail was small. Effect of wetting on the friction was also small, whereas oiling of the rail produced extraordinarily reduced friction, which recovered the original values by the passage of several trains. KW - Adhesion KW - Coefficient of friction KW - Friction KW - Japan KW - Locomotives KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4954 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00033178 JO - Railway Technical Research Institute, Quarterly Reports PB - Railway Technical Research Institute/Tetsudo Gijutsu Kenkyujo AU - Kobashi, S AU - JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAYS AU - Maritime Administration TI - GERMINATIVE CONDITIONS OF SEEDS AND RHIZOMES FOR THE EROSION CONTROL WITH GRASSES PY - 1968/03 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - p. 41-43 AB - This report consists of five parts as follows: (1) grass species for the erosion control seeding, (2) water conditions for germination of grass seeds, (3) temperature conditions for germination of grass seeds, (4) drought resistance of rhizomes of Japanese lawn grass, (5) effects of chemical materials for erosion control on seed germination. KW - Embankments KW - Erosion control KW - Grasses KW - Japan KW - Seeding KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027099 AU - Joint Surface Effect Ships Program Office TI - JOINT SURFACE EFFECT SHIP PROGRAM REVIEW. ECONOMIC REVIEW AND APPRAISAL OF SURFACE EFFECT SHIPS PY - 1968/02 VL - 2 SP - 41 p. AB - Review is made of the Surface Effect Ship (SES) relative to projected commercial economic fesibility. Anticipated direct operating costs of a 4000-ton SES are compared to the C5A transport aircraft. The extent of the economic gain is dependent upon environmental conditions and design factors such as propulsive efficiencies, structural fraction, and lift-to-drag ratios. Chemically-fueled SES possesses commercially competitive costs to large transport aircraft assuming propulsion efficiencies of 65% are feasible. The ship is well adapted for nuclear propulsion which would increase the cost advantage to nearly unlimited ship ranges. The full determination of economic feasibility requires data on suitable experimental craft in a seaway. KW - Coatings KW - Diffusion coatings KW - Surface effect ships KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001597 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SAFETY ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF B AND W CNSG MARITIME REACTOR PY - 1968/02 SP - 413 p. AB - A pre-application review and evaluation was made of a specific commercial application for a Consolidated Nuclear Steam Generator ( CNSG ) maritime reactor. The CNSG plant is basically a conventional pressurized water reactor utilizing a forced circulation once-through steam generator. The integral reactor incorporates the entire pressurized water coolant system within the reactor vessel, and provides consequent safety and functional advantages for shipboard application. The reactor core is rated a 270 MWt output, and its design employs the extensive operating experience and the developed technology associated with pressurized water reactors. Because of the relatively low power output requirement of the plant in comparison with the high power capabilities of current central station plants, considerable design conservatism was achieved for this marine application within the framework of currently acceptable design bases and without detracting from the plants functional capability. The ship in which the CNSG will be installed is a large, high-speed dry-cargo liner fitted as a cellular container ship. ( Author ) KW - Consolidated nuclear steam generators KW - Nuclear power generation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation shielding KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/26 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027082 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH, ANALYSES OF POSTULATED ACCIDENTS PY - 1968/01 SP - 40 p. AB - Analyses are made of the extent of damage to the N.S. Savannah's reactor vessel, components, and supports as the result of dropping the reactor head and control rod drive structure, the control rod transfer cask, the fuel element transfer cask, or the internals transfer cask during refueling operations. General conclusions are that the reactor vessel will remain intact and the internals will not be penetrated, the primary piping will not rupture, the vessel supports will not collapse and there will not be any flooding of the ship as a result of any of the postulated accidents. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001655 AU - Crook, D L AU - Patterson, C P AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE N.S. SAVANNAH THIRD YEAR OF EXPERIMENTAL COMMERCIAL OPERATION, AUGUST 1967-AUGUST 1968 PY - 1968 SP - 92 p. AB - The third year of experimental commercial operation of the Nuclear Ship ( N.S. ) SAVANNAH began on August 19, 1967. Initially designed as a vehicle to demonstrate one of the peaceful uses of the atom, and as a test bed for the application of nuclear power for merchant vessel propulsion, the SAVANNAH is now being operated commercially as a dry cargo ship in regular service. At the same time, additional performance information is being gathered for use in assessing future nuclear ship potential. The report describes the results of the third year of operation which ended on August 19, 1968, including five successful voyages. KW - Cargo ships KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economic analysis KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001579 AU - Westinghouse Defense and Space Center TI - MARITIME MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS TESTS PERFORMED ON S.S. SANTA LUCIA PY - 1968 AB - This report covers the activities for the research and development of communications performed between a ship and NASA ground stations via NASAs ATS-1 and ATS-3 satellites. These communication tests consisting of voice, date, time synchronization, ranging, interference and propagation were conducted between a U.S. Merchant ship, the S.S. Santa Lucia and NASA ground stations at Rosman, North Carolina, Mojave, California, and Cooby Creek, Australia. These tests were conducted in the VHF range during an actual 36 day voyage from Port Newark, New Jersey through the Panama Canal to Valparaiso, Chile and return. ( Author ) KW - Communication systems KW - Communications satellites KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001616 AU - Nowacki, L J AU - Battelle Memorial Institute TI - EVALUATION OF BOOTTOP PAINT SYSTEMS FOR OCEAN GOING SHIPS IN A BOOTTOP PAINT TESTING MACHINE PY - 1967/12/31 AB - In this particular study emphasis has been placed on boottopping paints which must withstand severe service conditions. These paints are used in the boottop area: between the light and deep load lines ( exterior waterlines ) of ships. KW - Blast cleaning KW - Chemical compounds KW - Corrosion protection KW - Hull maintenance KW - Hulls KW - Materials tests KW - Paint KW - Paint testing KW - Plastic coatings KW - Protective coatings KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Zinc KW - Zinc compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027021 AU - Crane, A T AU - Hankel, R AU - United Nuclear Corporation AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH TIME-TO-MELT CALCULATION PROCEDURES PY - 1967/12/12 SP - 19 p. AB - As part of a primary safety consideration for the N.S. Savannah (preventing fission product release in the vicinity of the general public), the study had two purposes: (1) to simplify the manual calculation procedures presented in Fast-4, "Time-to-Melt Data and Calculation Procedures," and (2) to recalculate the one-hour heat generation value utilizing a more realistic core heat transfer model. The simplified manual calculation procedure developed is based primarily on a combined graphical presentation of one-hour heat generation and power level data. The approach permits the one-hour heat generation value associated with a specific power level block to be obtained directly from a graph without calculation. The core heat transfer model used in this study to establish the one-hour heat generation value considers the effect of the controlling heat loss mechanism, radiation. KW - Heat transfer KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027022 AU - Crane, A T AU - Williams, F J AU - United Nuclear Corporation AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - PHASE 2 - RE-ANALYSIS OF NS SAVANNAH LOSS-OF-COOLANT ACCIDENT PY - 1967/12/07 SP - 39 p. AB - Phase II of a re-analysis examined post-accident heat Phase 2 of a re-analysis examined post-accident heat and analyzed the effect on the loss-of-coolant accident of utilizing the available cooling. The study was limited to the Phase I results of breaks of the inlet and outlet lines which were shown to be the limiting case in terms of core heatup and fuel slumping. Results of the study included: (1) the only effect post-accident core cooling supply is that portion of the buffer seal system charging water which is injected into the reactor pressure vessel through the rod drive mechanism buffer seals; (2) if all the buffer seal orifices are plugged, the available injection rate does not prevent 100% core melting; (3) if they are open, the available injection rate limits core melting to a maximum of 8%; (4) supplements to the normal containment heat sinks provide storage for the core decay heat generated over a 237-hour period, after which one of the available means of containment heat removal must be initiated. Figures comprise over half of the report. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001632 AU - Huang, Hou-Wen AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - TRANSVERSE STRENGTH OF A SHIP HULL UNDER LATERAL AND IN-PLANE LOADS PY - 1967/12 SP - 276 p. AB - A three-dimensional method for transverse strength calculation based on the orthotropic plate theory is developed, and computer programs (FORTRAND 4 language) utilizing this method have been written and presented. The method described in this paper can also be used to design ship bottom structure, taking into account the restraining effect of side shells, and to obtain information on how much load can be transmitted to side shells and bulkheads in modern tankers. ( Author ) KW - Information processing KW - Transverse strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001598 AU - Schade, H A AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF SHIP STRUCTURE RESEARCH PY - 1967/11 SP - 55 p. AB - Contents: Environmental conditions; Wave load, model and theory; Wave loads, full scale statistical; Stress distribution in the main hull structure including superstructures; Stiffened panels in 3 dimensional structures; Discontinuities and fracture mechanics; Plastic and limit design; Slamming and impact; Experimental apparatus; Materials other than steel; Vibration; Design procedure; and Numerical methods. KW - Deformation curve KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Impact KW - Impact pressure KW - Pressure KW - Slamming KW - Surveys KW - Vibration KW - Vibration surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027063 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS REPORT, FEBRUARY 21, 1967-AUGUST 8, 1967 PY - 1967/10 SP - 28 p. AB - This report is one of a series of operations reports covering the operational history of the N. S. SAVANNAH. It is divided into 5 sections: Summary of Vessel and Reactor Operations; Reactor Plant Operation; Radiation Control; Training; and Shore Staff Operations. Complete power history charts are included with detailed reports of all scrams. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation hazards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027040 AU - Maritime Administration TI - TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC REPORT ON THE N.S. SAVANNAH SECOND YEAR OF EXPERIMENTAL COMMERCIAL OPERATION, AUGUST 1966--AUGUST 1967 PY - 1967/08 SP - 66 p. AB - Although the N.S. Savannah was not designed as an optimized cargoliner, but to demonstrate one of the peaceful uses of the atom and as test bed for the application of nuclear power for merchant ship propulsion, the N.S. Savannah has compiled an outstanding record in her first two years of commercial service. Even with inherent design limitations for commercial service, experimental commercial operation of N.S. Savannah reduces the cost of demonstration operations to the Government by an estimated $4,000,000 annually, and at the same time permits a continuation of her valuable research and development functions. The N.S. Savannah has been operating in regularly scheduled cargoliner service efficiently, reliably, and on schedule for two years. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027671 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated TI - STUDY OF APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POWER FOR CARGO LINER SERVICES ON US WEST COAST TO INDIA RUN (TRADE ROUTE NO 28) PY - 1967/07/01 SP - 110 p. AB - Evaluates the economic and technological feasibility of several maritime reactors available and under research and development by the Atomic Energy Commission for use in propulsion plants on cargo ships operating in trades with either dense cargo or harbor restrictions on ships' dimensions. Includes a review and analysis of cargo flows, port conditions, cargo handling, conventional steam power plant versus nuclear steam power plants, special requirements such as collision and grounding protection for nuclear ships, crewing, and proforma operating costs. Analysis concludes that nuclear powered ships show a higher profit than the non-automated conventional plant but are lower than for the automated conventional plant. KW - Cargo ships KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027670 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated TI - STUDY OF APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POWER FOR CARGO LINER SERVICES ON U.S. WEST COAST TO INDIA RUN (TRADE ROUTE NO. 28)--SUPPLEMENTAL DATA PY - 1967/07/01 VL - 2 SP - 261 p. AB - This volume contains back-up information prepared and/or collected and reviewed to perform the required study. The results of the review and development of this information is given in Volume 1. Discussion and statistics are provided for Trade Route 28 scheduling, Port conditions, cargo and port data, vessel concept, fuel costs, and operating proforma. KW - Commodities KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - Ship operations KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027025 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POWER TO MOORE MCCORMACK LINES SERVICES PY - 1967/06/16 SP - 42 p. AB - The results of a study of the application of nuclear power to one of the Moore McCormack Lines services are presented. The service selected was the Trade Route 8 - Scantic combined service, which includes Antwerp, Rotterdam and several Baltic ports, currently served by a fleet of C3's and 18 knot replacement ships. The study concludes that nuclear power would have advantages on the Trade Route 8 - Scantic service if Moore McCormack can justify the use of high-speed ships in the service and if increased utilization of the ships in the service can be obtained. It is concluded that with the exception of Oslo which has a peculiar seasonal visitation condition, no particular difficulty is anticipated from the standpoint of safety. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007136 AU - Eda, H AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - STEERING CONTROL OF SHIPS IN WAVES PY - 1967/06 SP - 57 p. AB - The stability and oscillatory motions of ships ( automatically steered and unsteered ) in the horizontal plane were examined on a digital computer for the case of regular following seas. Available hydrodynamic data for Series 60 hull forms were used. Analysis of directional stability was made for the case of zero encounter frequency ( i.e., the ship runs at high speeds equal to the wave celerity ). The ship ( which is hydrodynamically stable without automatic control in calm water ) is directionally unstable in following seas except for the small region near the ascending node of the waves. Addition of automatic control can give the ship directional stability when it is located in the wave trough, but not when it is located on the wave crest. At relatively high frequency ( i.e., at low speeds in following seas ), the rudder and control system are almost incapable of reducing oscillatory motion. Violent rudder activity in following seas can be decreased by reducing yaw-rate-gain control constant and by increasing rudder-response-time constant. ( Author ) KW - Automatic steering control KW - Cargo ships KW - Course stability KW - Rudders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007137 AU - Eda, H AU - Crane, C L AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - RESEARCH ON SHIP CONTROLLABILITY PART 4. NON-LINEAR PREDICTION OF STEERING PERFORMANCE OF SERIES 60 MODELS PY - 1967/06 SP - 71 p. AB - Hydrodynamic forces and moments due to ship motions in the horizontal plane were obtained at the rotating-arm facility of Davidson Laboratory, in tests of 5-ft Series 60 models. Results were used in computations of ship motions in calm water. A digital computer was used to make non-linear predictions of ship response to rudder action and these predictions are compared, in the report, with trajectories of a free-running model. They are found to correlate satisfactorily. On the basis of this correlation and by means of the same computation, variations of ship maneuvering motions with changes in ship configuration are examined. The ship configuration parameters which are varied include rudder size, block coefficient, draft, breadth, profile, and section shape. The relationship between maneuvering response and rudder rate is examined, using non-linear computation, to obtain a basis for determining optimum rudder rate for ships of different speed and size. Computed results show that the minimum rudder rate presently allowed by the rules and regulations is adequate for ocean trading ships of ordinary size and speed; however, this adequate rudder rate could be lower for very large, relatively slow ships, such as supertankers. ( Author ) KW - Hulls KW - Maneuverability KW - Model testing KW - Performance KW - Rudders KW - Ship hulls KW - Ship pilotage KW - Steering KW - Steering characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027062 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH CONTROL ROD DRIVE SYSTEM PY - 1967/06 SP - 78 p. AB - This manual is a guide for use in the N.S. Savannah Reactor Operator Training Program with reference to the Control Rod Drive System (CRDS). The CRDS is an electrical mechanical hydraulic system used to position the 21 control rods within the core during normal operation and to effect automatic scram action in the event of abnormal operation. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027032 AU - Eda, H AU - Crane, C L AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - NON-LINEAR PREDICTION OF STEERING PERFORMANCE OF SERIES 60 MODELS PY - 1967/06 SP - 71 p. AB - Hydrodynamic forces and moments due to ship motions in the horizontal plane were obtained in tests of 5-foot Series 60 models, and results were used in computations of ship motions in calm water. Non-linear predictions of ship response to rudder action are correlated satisfactorily in comparison with trajectories of a free-running model. Variations of ship maneuvering motions with changes in ship configuration are then examined, and the relationship between maneuvering response and rudder rate is studied, using non-linear computation, to obtain a basis for determining optimum rudder rate for ships of different speed and size. Computed results show that the minimum rudder rate presently allowed is adequate for ocean trading ships of ordinary size and speed; however, this "adequate" rudder rate could be lower for very large, relatively slow ships, such as super-tankers. KW - Course stability KW - Hydrodynamic forces KW - Hydrodynamic pressure KW - Rudders KW - Ship motion KW - Steering KW - Steering characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00007135 AU - Crane, C L AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - METHODS TO IMPROVE SHIP STOPPING PERFORMANCE PY - 1967/05 SP - 52 p. AB - Several approaches to problems involved in efforts to improve ship stopping performance were investigated. A non- linear mathematical model with experimentally determined coefficients was used to make repeated computations of stopping maneuvers. Pure longitudinal motion is assumed in most of the report. However, the lateral motions of ships during the stopping maneuver are discussed, and the alternative of turning versus stopping to avoid collision is considered. It is shown that the merits of various methods for improving performance depend largely on ship speed-of- approach. For example, hydrodynamic drag devices are excellent at cruising speed, but are of little use at docking speed. Other broad conclusions are made, but emphasis is on the fact that consideration of individual ship characteristics and requirements must enter into any study of ship-stopping. A Series 60 cargo ship and a medium-sized tanker are subjects of the work. (Author) KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Ship operations KW - Ship performance KW - Ship pilotage KW - Stopping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027024 AU - NUS Corporation AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH DESIGN CHANGE HISTORY PY - 1967/04/10 SP - 500 p. AB - Summarizes the 280 changes in design of the NS Savannah's nuclear steam supply system and related equipment which were made in the seven year period subsequent to the finalization of the original ship's design but not during the design development. Major changes are itemized, identifying the reason for the change in meeting objectives. Where possible, conclusions and projections for future nuclear merchant ships are made. KW - Electric power plants KW - Naval architecture KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power plant design KW - Ship design KW - State of the art KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027026 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY SYSTEM REVIEW PY - 1967/04 SP - 266 p. AB - Detailed analyses are given of failures of nuclear reactor components and systems which indicate that reactor safety is adequately protected by the N.S. Savannah Safety System. Each component or sub-assembly, both nuclear and non-nuclear, which make up the safety system were analyzed to determine its affect on reactor safety. The manner in which the nuclear component or non-nuclear scram system is intended to function and the principles of their operation are described. Also presented is a description of how and when these components and systems are tested. Worst case faults within a nuclear component, a non-nuclear scram system and in the interconnecting wires between components are analyzed and a description of how the faults affect reactor safety is given. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027081 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND PORT OPERATION CRITERIA--REVIEW 2 PY - 1967/02 SP - 47 p. AB - Revised technical specifications and port operation criteria (FAST-1 and FAST-2, respectively) are given for N.S. Savannah. The technical specifications deal with: site, containment, primary coolant system, steam and propulsion system, reactor core, safety and control systems, ventilation, waste disposal, and monitoring systems, reactor emergency cooling system, administrative and procedural safeguards, and emergency equipment. The section on port operation criteria details port entry prerequisites, port acceptability limitations, in-port administrative and procedural safeguards, and port operating plans. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Port operations KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00648803 AU - Henry, W O AU - Mara, T D AU - General Dynamics AU - Maritime Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF BOW LOOKOUT EFFECTIVENESS ON MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1967/01/29 SP - 107 p. AB - This study was conducted for the Maritime Administration to evaluate the use of the bow lookout aboard merchant ships. The functions, activities, and decision requirements of the lookout were determined by analysis and through field data. A heuristic model of factors influencing lookout performance was developed and utilized as a guide for a literature review and in preparation of this report. The major conclusion of the study was that the bow lookout, as now utilized, is an anachronism. The major recommendation was that the legal requirement for a lookout be modified and possibly eliminated because this could be done without significant decrement in system capability. KW - Detection and identification KW - Effectiveness KW - Lookouts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Optical detectors KW - Performance evaluations KW - Recommendations KW - Surveillance KW - Vigilance KW - Visual detection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027027 AU - Liberace, R AU - Department of Health, Education, and Welfare TI - EVALUATION OF THE NS SAVANNAH'S FILTER SYSTEM PY - 1967/01/19 SP - 56 p. AB - An evaluation was made of the filter efficiency of the N.S. Savannah in the case of a maximum credible accident (MCA), and took into account the reduction in filter efficiency caused by iodide forms other than elemental iodine. It is concluded that the present type BPL charcoal filter should be changed to a filter using an inorganic impregnant. Details are provided on: (1) the percentage of the iodine in the N.S. Savannah's Core that might be released as methyl iodide in the event of a MCA; (2) the means for improving the efficiency for trapping methyl iodide; (3) an evaluation of the N.S. Savannah's Safeguards System for the purpose of determining the two-hour exclusion zone; and (4) the biological uptake and retention of methyl iodide by humans. KW - Filtration KW - Filtration systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001608 AU - Pratt and Whitney Aircraft TI - INTEGRATED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT PY - 1967 SP - 359 p. AB - The feasibility study considers the use of gas turbines for marine propulsion as a means of simplifying and integrating the ships propulsion machinery in an effort to effect lower operating costs of United States Merchant ships. ( Author ) KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Fuel oils KW - Gas turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/33 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00001599 AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated TI - APPENDIX. MODULAR DESIGN APPLICATIONS STUDY (DECKHOUSE AND OUTFIT) PY - 1967 SP - 75 p. AB - This appendix contains the basic material developed prior to the actual final design presented in the report. As described in the report, the ship represented by MA Design No. C5-S-75a was the basic ship to be considered. The house on this ship was modified to reflect the decrease in crew size and the elimination of passengers. Based on this design, which is more complicated and costly than the final design selected, the various piping systems and air conditioning systems were studied in details. Plan nos. 5475-1 through 4 were studied in detail. Plan nos. 5475-5 through 13 represent this detail study. During the preparation of these plans the basic concepts of design features for modular construciton were developed and tested for ease of construction. These same principles were applied to the design finally selected. ( Author ) KW - Hulls KW - Modular structures KW - Ship hulls KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027030 AU - Maritime Administration TI - MARITIME CARGO MOVEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE, A SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DATA PY - 1967 SP - 86 p. AB - Provides information on data available to the Maritime Administration from its "in-house" resources as well as that available from other U.S. and international agencies pertinent to cargo movement in international trade. The report is selective rather than exhaustive. KW - Cargo movement KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026867 AU - General Dynamics TI - LIBRARY BIBLIOGRAPHY. SURFACE EFFECT SHIP SECTION, VOLUMES 1 AND 2 PY - 1967 SP - 294 p. AB - Compilation of literature available on surface effect ships. KW - Bibliographies KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026962 AU - Maritime Administration TI - PD 133 AUSTERE COMMERCIAL CARGO SHIP PY - 1966/12 SP - 62 p. AB - Plans and specifications are presented for a general purpose cargo liner which can be built in quantities of 25 or more to alleviate shipping shortages in minor emergencies or to replenish the reserve fleet which now consists of ships nearing the end of their usefulness. The PD-133 is a six hold conventional general cargo liner with propulsion machinery and accommodations located aft. The ship is arranged with twin hatches suitably sized to accommodate standard containers and fitted with boom/winch gear of ample capacity. Propulsion is single screw, steam turbine of simplified design. Specifications reflect a minimum cost ship, meeting minimum regulatory rules, minimum Maritime Administration requirements, adequate but not plush habitability based upon a 25 year life ship with capacity of going into ocean service immediately without alterations. KW - Naval architecture KW - Series production KW - Ship design KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027104 AU - Benedict, R A AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - CONTROL ROD DRIVE SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION REPORT PY - 1966/11 SP - 20 p. AB - Electromechanical, hydraulic control rod drive system on the N.S. Savannah moves 21 control rods in the pressurized water reactor. The electrical system includes rod drive motors, position indicators, and relays for actuating equipment and controls. The electric motors control the in-out travel of the control rods during normal operation. Most of the equipment is outside the containment and accessible for maintenance. The high-pressure hydraulic system includes oil storage reservoirs, oil coolers, pumps, valves, and accumulators for maintaining hydraulic oil pressure. This system provides the driving force for control rod scram and a balancing force to decrease the rod drive motor power required to move rods into the core. Hydraulic system maintenance requires an extended outage. This report presents the control rod drive system maintenance, inspection, and tests performed during the 3-week annual outage in 1966. KW - Electric drives KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Hydraulic drives KW - Hydraulic transmissions KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026998 AU - Seelinger, J H AU - Bullock, W AU - Maritime Administration TI - MERCHANT SHIP AUTOMATION PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE PY - 1966/11 SP - 16 p. AB - An adequate ship automation system requires an understanding of why certain controls are necessary. Certain controls or systems protect the safety of the ship and public. Others protect the owners investment. This paper attempts to sort out the theory and reasons for each. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Automatic power plants KW - Combustion KW - Combustion control KW - Electric power plants KW - Engine rooms KW - Unmanned engine rooms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027005 AU - Radrick, E AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - COMPARISON OF SMOOTH AND ROUGH WATER PERFORMANCE FOR HELICAL SHIP AND MARINER PY - 1966/11 SP - 7 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to develop the motion and resistance data for a helical hull ship form vs. a typical Mariner class cargo vessel. Both smooth and rough water model basin tests were made. The helical ship form used was that contained in U. S. Patent Reissue number 6909 to Mario Andrea. However, the tests results as developed and published used a bow helix installed in reverse at the stern of the model. Resistance for this configuration was greater than for the Mariner hull. More tests are required to fully explore the possibilities of the helical form. KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Model testing KW - Ship motion KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026353 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, EVALUATION OF EXISTING SCRAM AND FAST INSERTION CIRCUITS PY - 1966/11 SP - 17 p. AB - Existing scram and fast insertion circuits on the N.S. Savannah are analyzed to determine if slower and more reliable circuitry may be used, any existing scram or fast insertion circuits may be eliminated, or any additional protective circuits are required. The validity of the protective scram trips or fast insertions originating both within and externally from the nuclear instrumentation equipment is evaluated. Recommendations are made to improve the ship's reliability of operation wherever possible by simplification or elimination of trip initiations, or by utilization of slower and more reliable trip initiating circuits. KW - Electrical systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026963 AU - NUS Corporation TI - THE EFFECT OF PLANT POWER RATING ON MARITIME NUCLEAR CAPITAL COSTS PY - 1966/09/16 SP - 40 p. AB - The direct costs for the first pressurized water nuclear steam generating system installed and tested on a merchant ship will range from an average of $6,500,000 at 20,000 SHP to $12,000,000 at 140,000 SHP. These costs exclude all non-repetitive costs and the power conversion system. Capital costs for "12th of a kind" plants will be between an average of $4,900,000 at 20,000 SHP and $9,200,000 at 140,000 SHP. Reactor manufacturer-supplied equipment and services costs are strongly dependent upon power level, ranging from an average of $4,250,000 at 20,000 SHP to $6,200,000 at 140,000 SHP. Shipyard-supplied equipment and services are only slight dependent upon power level, ranging from an average of $2,250,000 at 20,000 SHP to $3,000,000 at 140,000 SHP. KW - Analysis KW - Capital investments KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026679 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - LESSONS OF SAVANNAH PY - 1966/09/15 SP - 40 p. AB - This report reviews in brief the experience of the N.S Savannah program with respect to licensing and regulation, manning and training, refueling and servicing, insurance and public acceptance. Also described are current practices and an assessment is made of the position of advanced reactor systems under the Savannah precedents. The report concludes that there may eventually be no restrictions on nuclear ship operation, and there will be little design difference between nuclear and conventional ships. Wages are not expected to be a problem since little difference is anticipated in manning scales between nuclear and conventional ships, and training may practicably be done on board ship. With the exception of electronics and instrumentation, the report concludes that maintenance and repair costs in the new nuclear systems are not expected to exceed that of conventional ships. At the present time, no insurance problems are foreseen and adequate coverage at reasonable rates may be expected. It is expected that a shore staff consisting of the combination of a senior, highly trained and competent marine engineer and an electronics engineer should suffice. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026968 AU - Kurz, C G AU - Maritime Administration TI - EVALUATION AND CRITIQUE. RADAR DATA COMPUTER INSTALLED ON USCGS UNIMAK AND SS CONSTITUTION PY - 1966/08 SP - 103 p. AB - The scope of the project had the following goals: (1) Develop a system of taking radar target data into a computer to display to a ship's officer the danger of possible collision with up to ten target ships in the vicinity. (2) Use the computer to display bearing, range, speed, closest point of approach, and time of approach of any of the ten targets. (3) Use the computer display to show projected course of target vessels for 30 minutes of advance. (4) Use the computer to show to safe course and speed maneuver to avoid possible collision. (5) Allow target acquisition to be either manual or automatic. (6) The prototype radar data computer is to be tested and evaluated at sea. KW - Navigation radar KW - Pilotage KW - Radar KW - Radar displays KW - Radar plotting KW - Radar simulators KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026964 AU - DeSaix, P AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - MODEL TESTS OF A HELICAL FORM SHIP PY - 1966/06 SP - 13 p. AB - A letter report on model tests of a Helical form ship is presented, comparing resistance data for the Helical ship with the Mariner hull, and determining the effect of air lubrication on the model. Results consist of curves of effective horsepower and resistance for each hull. Testing indicates that the Helical form does not lend itself to a ship form at all, its resistance being roughly twice that of a Mariner. It is suggested that research be made of other simple forms which may be more suitable for use as a ship form. The air escaping from the manifold forward was not found to provide an air film over the bottom, but the question of air lubrication is concluded to be applicable to almost any vessel with a large amount ot wetted surface and reasonably low speeds. KW - Air lubrication KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull lines KW - Hulls KW - Lubrication KW - Ship motion KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027586 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH PRIMARY COOLANT PUMP REPLACEMENT. PART 2: PUMP REPLACEMENT AND TEST PY - 1966/05 SP - 3 p. AB - As a result of failure of two of the N.S. Savannah's four rotor primary coolant pumps, all four primary system pumps were replaced. This report covers the replacement of the pumps. The modifications and installation work was complete and the reactor critical within 94 days. KW - Crashes KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026984 AU - Patterson, E S AU - Farmer, W E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION AND SAFETY SYSTEM. REVISION 1 PY - 1966/04 SP - 221 p. AB - Information developed by the Savannah's nuclear instrumentation and safety system is vital for the intelligent and safe control of the reactor. In this text the operation and characteristics of the entire system are described for the reactor trainee. The text is divided into two parts: Part 1, Radiation Physics and Nuclear Detectors, and Part 2, System Description. Part 1 includes the principles of radiation detector operation and a description of the Savannah's neutron detectors. The function and operation of the nuclear instrumentation and safety system, including a description of each component, is covered in Part 2. Detailed schematic diagrams of individual components are avoided where adequate knowledge can be gained without these diagrams. The function of the system is emphasized rather than the circuitry involved. As a result, the reader needs only an elementary understanding of electronics. (Author) KW - Design KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation monitoring KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026987 AU - European Atomic Energy Community TI - TECHNICAL SAFETY EVALUATION OF THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1966/04 VL - 3 SP - 51 p. AB - This report supplements previous reports on the N.S. Savannah in order to update and assess topics of general interest in the field of nuclear propulsion, particularly those affecting the safety aspects of a nuclear ship's operation. A summary and analysis is presented on further maintenance of the Savannah and on the repair and replacement work performed during the first and second outages and inspection periods with the resultant structural changes on a number of items. Also analyzed is the incidence of certain structural changes on the assumptions chosen for the assessment of potential accident situations, and the status of the port operating criteria presently applied and the repair and maintenance work requirements. It is the opinion of the joint working group, on the basis of material presented in this report, that the N.S. Savannah port operating criteria cannot be automatically extrapolated to other nuclear ships without taking into consideration factors particular to their design. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Port operations KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026991 AU - Lewison, G AU - Maclean, W M AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - THE EFFECT OF ENTRAPPED AIR UPON THE SLAMMING OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS PY - 1966/03 SP - 62 p. AB - The effect of entrapped air on the slamming of ships' bottoms is examined with regard to dry cargo merchant ships. Experimental results, contrasted with the predictions of Ogilvie's theory, are presented along with outlines of new theoretical work based on them. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional theories are advanced. The two-dimensional theory provides reasonable estimates for the duration and magnitude of peak centerline pressure during water impact. Further experimental work is desirable, especially to check some of the theoretical predictions of water and air movement. A more detailed analysis of the initial conditions is also required. A significant feature of the new theory is that, whereas both compressible and incompressible movement of the water is assumed to take place, the time scale of events is so long that the compressibility of the water is of less importance. Therefore flat impact is largely a hydrodynamic phenomenon. The magnitude of the peak pressure is dependent primarily upon the hydrodynamic added mass and the velocity of the water surface at coalescence. KW - Hull damage KW - Hulls KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Slamming KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026868 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATION WITH FAILED FUEL ELEMENTS PY - 1966/02/01 SP - 73 p. AB - This report provides a basis for developing explicit instructions for the operators for action following an observation of fuel element failure and background information for the nuclear advisor and shoreside engineering groups as they analyze the effects of the fuel failures. Appended to the main report, and comprising most of the document, is an analysis of fission product behavior, along with detailed discussions of precautions to be taken in reactor plant operation and in the steam plant when a leak from primary to secondary exists. KW - Crashes KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026961 AU - Department of Commerce TI - SURFACE EFFECT SHIPS FOR OCEAN COMMERCE (SESOC), VOLUME 2 PY - 1966/02 VL - 2 SP - 638 p. AB - This volume presents additional information on the research and engineering problems involved in the development of large surface effect ships (SES) for ocean commerce. Section 1 contains reports by Booz-Allen Applied Research Inc. on studies of the commercial feasibility of SES. Research and engineering problems associated with employing the SES concept in commercial ocean transportation systems are listed and discussed in Section 2. The last two sections contain reports on related economic analyses and technical development plans. KW - Economic analysis (Ses) KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Surface effect ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027585 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH PRIMARY COOLANT PUMP REPLACEMENT. PART 1: PUMP FAILURE AND INVESTIGATION PY - 1966/02 SP - 2 p. AB - As a result of failure of two of the N.S. Savannah's four canned rotor primary coolant pumps, all four primary system pumps were replaced. This report covers the failure of the pumps and the subsequent investigation into the cause of failure. While the exact cause of the failure is somewhat uncertain, the failures apparently occurred during the 60 psi leak rate testing of the containment vessel. The mechanism of the failure is believed to the inward deformation of the thin Inconel stator can due to lower pressure in the primary system than was present in the stator space. This allowed the pump rotor to contact the stator can and wear through the can wall, permitting primary system water to enter the stator windings, shorting out the pump. Contributing factors might have been the relatively large amount of air present in the primary system during the leak rate test and a drop in primary system pressure during a loss of electrical shore power. KW - Crashes KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Failure analysis KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026997 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL MANAGEMENT REPORT PY - 1966/02 SP - 67 p. AB - Although the NS Savannah has used less than 30% of the expected lifetime of her first core at the end of the European demonstration voyages (March 1965), a much higher rate of core burnup is resulting from the vessel's being involved in normal commercial service. Therefore, some long range planning and activity must be initiated toward providing for additional reactor operation after the initial core lifetime is expended. The report considers the various alternatives available to supply the necessary fuel for such operation. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Refueling KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026983 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH ANALYZER-CRYSTAL CALIBRATION PY - 1966/02 SP - 43 p. AB - This reports on a study initiated to calibrate the analyzer crystal instrumentation in a fixed geometry using filter beds and gas samplers. This is only one portion of a program whose over-all purpose is the calibration of shipboard equipment for various radio isotopes to provide the capability of absolute counting for these isotopes. The study determined that though activities in the MPC range for I131 can be detected, the minimum sensitivity for A41 is three decades above MPC. Either high activity in the buffer sea surge tank gas volume or a shielding correction for argon in water could facilitate the A41 calibration. The calibrations in this report may serve as a basis for geometry and efficiency extrapolations in other isotopes. The report recommends an improved shielding arrangement for the crystal. Among the many figures included are an I131 deposit schematic and a schematic of A41 activation. The appendices describe the gas sampler and gas sampling procedure. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Radioisotope tracers KW - Radioisotopes KW - Safety KW - Tracers (Chemistry) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026985 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH--5000 EFPH PHYSICS TESTS PY - 1966/01 SP - 48 p. AB - The nuclear characteristics of the N.S. Savannah's Core 1, presented herein, were measured at the burnup level of 4246 effective full-power hours(EFPH). These measurements fulfill the safeguard requirement of the scheduled physics test period at 5000 EFPH. No adverse trend or anomalous reactivity effect has developed since Core 1 was installed in December 1961. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027004 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH ANNUAL 1966 OUTAGE COST REPORT PY - 1966 AB - This report covers the costs incurred by the N. S. Savannah while in the shipyard during 1966. Cost breakdowns are provided for maintenance and repair, improvements, health physics support, ship stores and supplies, and total cost. Each of these subdivided into conventional, nuclear, and total outage costs. An appendix is included that lists each job performed, the cost at the Galveston Division, cost at the Nuclear Division, the subcontracted work, and then a total cost. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Repairing KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship repair KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027000 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - ANALYSIS OF CRANE ACCIDENT PY - 1966 SP - 36 p. AB - The accidental toppling of a crane to be used in the fuel shuffle of the NSS Savannah from a pier at Todd Shipyards Corporation in Galveston, Texas, prompted this report. The paper's purpose is: first, to report the events surrounding the crane accident, and second, to evaluate the replacement crane. A lower tower with a heavier frame and conversion to D.C. diesel electric power were safety features of the replacement crane. A safety feature on the replacement crane not present on the original crane is a shorter boom with a more acute angle from the horizontal. KW - Cranes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Prevention KW - Refueling KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027003 AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES PY - 1966 SP - 43 p. AB - This publication contains rules and policy for the operation and management of the N.S. Savannah, including sample forms and descriptions of procedures for changing the operations manual. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026999 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - REQUEST FOR LICENSE TO STORE CORE 2 SPARE FUEL ELEMENTS PY - 1966 SP - 57 p. AB - This document provides the basis for a request by Todd Nuclear Division to store four irradiated spare fuel elements for the N.S. Savannah in a prepared location in the Nuclear Facilities area of Todd's Galveston, Texas Shipyard. The fuel elements were to be shipped from existing storage with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and stored until needed for refueling, which at that time was scheduled for August, 1968. Special features of the storage area are described as criticality safeguards, radiation monitoring, controlled and monitored effluents, administrative controls and procedures, and security measures. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027904 AU - Braumiller, R E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR - CNSG 3 - AN APPLICATION FOR MARINE PROPULSION - SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION SN - Prop #30-3015 PY - 1965/11 SP - 53 p. AB - A supplementary report on the Consolidated Nuclear Stream Generator-CNS6-3-giving details on the following subjects: Reactor Plant Description, CNSG Erection and Testing; CNSG Fuel Cycle Cost Data and Plant Information Sheets. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027102 AU - Denise, R P AU - First Atomic Ship Transport, Incorporated TI - TIME TO MELT DATA AND CALCULATION PROCEDURES. NS SAVANNAH PY - 1965/09 SP - 21 p. AB - Time-to-melt data and calculation procedures for the N.S. Savannah are presented. The time-to-melt criterion is applicable when the vessel is moored. Basic considerations of the problem are outlined, and decay heat curves and calculational methods are given. It is emphasized that with tugs maintained on call such that they can arrive at the vessel at least one-half hour before first fuel-clad melting, then starting removal of the vessel to the remote anchorage, there should be little, if any activity release in the berth area. There should also be little activitiy release to the atmosphere while the towboats are moving the vessel. Figures are included on: decay heat rate as a function of irradiation time and shutdown time; integrated heat as a function of irradiation time and shutdown time; and time-to-melt vs. heat release in the first hour after LOCA. KW - Melting KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation hazards KW - Ship operations KW - Thermal stability KW - Time to melt UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026880 AU - Burkart, C A AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - RADIONUCLIDE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM. STS WRITE-UP "NS SAVANNAH OPERATION WITH FAILED FUEL." PY - 1965/08/25 SP - 32 p. AB - This report evaluates the assumptions used in two earlier reports made to determine the radiogas and other activity levels in the system for failed fuel conditions. The reports reviewed were BAW-1109, "N.S. Savannah, Analysis of Operation With Regard to Waste Collection and Disposal" (Sept. 1958) and BAW-1110, "The Effects of Fission Product Leakage of the NMSR Plant" (May 1958). Also reviewed for its adequacy and completeness was the Savannah Technical Staff's write-up on operations with failed fuel dated June 28, 1965. KW - Fission KW - Fissionable materials KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Radionuclides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026877 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - NS SAVANNAH PROGRAM DATA AND CHARTS 1962-1965 PY - 1965/08 SP - 14 p. AB - Tables and charts summarize the N.S. Savannah program. Report covers ship history, cost and design data, reactor performance, port demonstration visits, personnel skills, and ship and program organization. KW - Crew size KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship operations KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026882 AU - American Export Isbrandtsen Lines AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH HEALTH PHYSICS MANUAL--REVISION #1 PY - 1965/07/15 SP - 85 p. AB - The standards, policies, and detailed instructions relating to radiation protection for the N.S. Savannah are presented in a health physics manual. Operational procedures to be carried out by health physics personnel aboard are included, along with the evaluation of procedures and techniques originally recommended by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Areas of concern include: maximum permissible exposures and concentrations; control areas; contamination control and decontamination; radiation work permits; equipment and clothing; personnel monitoring; routine, special and environmental surveys; fixed radiation monitoring system; source storage and handling; waste management; shipments and receipts; records, logs, and reports; measurement and calibration equipment; casualty procedures; training programs; health physics equipment and storage areas. KW - Contaminants KW - Health physics KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026885 AU - Barringer, H S AU - Hostetler, D R AU - Mong, B A AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY CALCULATIONS FOR CORE 1 SPENT FUEL STORAGE RACKS PY - 1965/07 SP - 11 p. AB - Three storage rack designs for spent N.S. Savannah Core 1 fuel elements were evaluated. One design, in which each element is separated from the others by two 1/8-inch-thick stainless steel plates having 1-3/4 inches of water between then, and by an additional 1-1/2 inches of water, was found to be adequate for critical safety. One- and two-dimensional calculations were used in the evaluation. KW - Fuel processing KW - Nuclear fuel processing KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026884 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Wolff, E F AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH COMPLETED AND PROJECTED ITINERARY, FUEL CONSUMPTION, AND CORE BURNUP PY - 1965/06 SP - 21 p. AB - A tabulated summary is presented of significant parameters for past operation of the N.S. Savannah, including core burnup and nuclear fuel consumption. An estimate of future core burnup is also given for the proposed schedule of commercial operation. Tables provide data on passages, distance traveled, public visitation, fuel consumption, monthly burnup, fuel mass balance, port visits, and estimated burnup. Figures on shaft RPM are included. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Nuclear fuel cycles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Reactor fuel cycle UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026883 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Turner, R A AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH PHYSICS SUMMARY OF THE GROUP OVERLAP CONTROL ROD WITHDRAWAL SEQUENCE FOR CORE 1 PY - 1965/06 SP - 112 p. AB - A physics summary of the group overlap control rod withdrawal sequence for Core 1 of the N.S. Savannah nuclear reactor is given. Descriptions and development of sequence are included, along with sequence merit. The revised withdrawal sequence, checked out by a detailed calculated program and by a brief experimental program, is concluded to be suitable for normal operations use. Tables and figures comprise the bulk of the report. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026861 AU - Thornhill, J E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CRITICAL RELAY STUDY FOR NS SAVANNAH APPLICATIONS PY - 1965/06 SP - 20 p. AB - This study resulted from isolated incidents involving electrical relays that have occurred throughout the period of the N.S. Savannah operation. The various incidents were caused by equipment that failed to operate properly or came into operation without fulfillment of all normal conditions for operation. This report covers: (1) general considerations requiring attention in selecting relays; (2) a list of relays in the Savannah's instrumentation and a summary of the types used; and (3) analysis of specific problems in which relays are the suspected source of trouble, and presentation of recommendations for correcting such problems. KW - Electrical equipment failures KW - Electrical systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Mechanical failure KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026866 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - DAMAGE CONTROL MANUAL FOR NS SAVANNAH PY - 1965/05/01 SP - 126 p. AB - Provides detailed information and numerous simplified diagrams applicable to damage control needed in an emergency. Appendixes contain plans, diagrams, and calculations furnished by the shipyard and various instruction books and operating manuals provided by the vendors specifically relating to damage control onboard the NS Savannah. Also included are station bills which tabulate the organization of the crew so that emergencies may be most effectively handled. KW - Damage control KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Loss and damage KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026986 AU - Gaerttner, G F AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH SCRAM SEQUENCE INDICATOR. INSTRUCTION MANUAL AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION PY - 1965/05 SP - 35 p. AB - The N.S. Savannah scram sequence indicator system determines the sequence of the first seven scram signals received from the nuclear instrumentation alarm and scram panels. This solid-state, digital system comprises 20 modules (18 sequence display modules, one counter module, and one driver module) and has three power supplies. The system and its individual components are described in this manual. The functions of the various components in system operation are detailed, along with maintenance and test instructions for components and circuitry. KW - Alarm systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Preventive maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026904 AU - Lloyd, A B AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH HIGH-TEMPERATURE SAFETY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT MANUAL AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION PY - 1965/05 SP - 41 p. AB - The Babcock & Wilcox hightemperature safety system for the N.S. Savannah reactor monitors and indicates temperature conditions at four locations in the primary loop of the reactor. It reacts to excessive temperatures, which lead to reactor scram, and causes the reactor to shut down before damage occurs. The system and its individual components are described in this manual. The functons of the various components and circuits in system operation are detailed, along with maintenance and adjustment instructions required for normal operation. Layout diagrams for the various modules land manufacturer's data sheets for those units fabricated by B&W) are included in the appendix at the back of the manual. KW - Control systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026875 AU - Air Reduction Company, Incorporated TI - NOBLE GAS RECOVERY STUDY - NS SAVANNAH PY - 1965/04/05 SP - 65 p. AB - The feasibility of recovering radioactive purge gas from the nuclear reactor containment compartment of the N.S. Savannah is described. The quantity, quality, and nature of the xenon, kryton and compounds of iodine that could be released in the event of a maximum credible accident were determined, and became part of the design criteria discussed. In order to obtain an information source for system selection, a literature survey was undertaken and an analysis of the literature is presented. Five basic systems were studied and are described in detail. A final evaluation based on reliability, ease of operation and maintenance, and initial cost resulted in the selection of a solid absorption system with cryogenic enrichment. KW - Gas venting KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation hazards KW - Radioactive materials KW - Safety KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026887 AU - Hurst, R V AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH REACTOR PHYSICS AND CONTROL MANUAL PY - 1965/04 SP - 153 p. AB - Lectures on nuclear physics that were given to N.S. Savannah reactor operator trainees as a refresher course are summarized in a physics and control manual. The lectures are specifically oriented to the members of each trainee group preparing for senior operator license examinations. The information, presented in a manner that requires only a basic knowledge of mathematics and physics, deals with: nuclear physics, fission process and chain reactions, reactor principles, reactor operation, N.S. Savannah reactor, and reactor control. Definitions are given in an appendix, and extensive tables and figures are included. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026903 AU - Sellars, F H AU - Goda, K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - THE EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF SHIP MODEL BENDING MOMENTS IN WAVES PY - 1965/03 SP - 37 p. AB - A comparative evaluation of three different methods of measuring ship model bending moment in waves is presented. The methods examined are (1) Semiconductor strain gages bonded into the shell of a fiberglass mode. (2) A segmented model with semiconductor strain gages bonded to a metal flexural element, and (3) a segmented model with relative displacement of the model sections measures by a linear variable differential transformer. The design of a bending moment dynamometer combining methods (2) and (3) is described and comparison of the three methods is made on the basis of operational experience and computations by linear strip theory. KW - Bending moments KW - Dynamometers KW - Loads KW - Ship models KW - Ships KW - Strain gages KW - Structural models KW - Wave induced loads KW - Waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026881 AU - Campbell, J W AU - Technology Audit Corporation TI - STUDY OF SHIPBOARD COMPUTER FOR SHIP OPERATION INPROVEMENT PY - 1965/02/05 SP - 24 p. AB - Potential uses of computer and data processing systems in commercial ship operations are reported, excluding a study of the merits of shipboard or shore-based facilities. Operational costs are given for amortization, wages and subsistence, port, brokerage, and voyage expense, cargo handling, stores, maintenance and repair, insurance, and fuel. Operational areas considered include: allocation of computer costs, assignment of shipboard activities to operational areas, documentation, cargo operations, ship en route operations, cost control and management, payroll control and preparation, and ship owner's management and control. Computer system requirements are also described. It is concluded that the estimates of potential economic pay-off are not considered to be more than order of magnitude estimates and are subject to modification. KW - Automation KW - Computerized freight payment KW - Cost control KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ship operation) KW - Freight billing KW - Information processing KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026908 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH-MAXIMUM CREDIBLE ACCIDENT PRESSURE SUPPRESSION REPORT PY - 1965/02 SP - 103 p. AB - The capabilities of various methods to provide pressure suppression in the N.S. Savannah containment vessel following a maximum credible accident (MCA) have been investigated. Four pressure suppression schemes were examined: 1. The use of one or more containment cooling system heat transfer coils for heat removal. 2. A water spray inside the containment vessel. 3. Flooding the lower void area to provide cooling external to the vessel. 4. Providing constant head removal rates by an (as yet) undetermined heat transfer system. The results of this investigation indicate that any method capable of providing a net cooling rate of about 1.5 million Btu/hr will reduce the containment pressure to about 65 psig within 24 hours after the MCA. Subsequent to this investigation, tests were performed to determine the characteristics of the containment cooling system for pressure suppression. Results of the tests demonstrated that containment cooling coil cooling water pressure can be maintained greater than the containment pressure, to prevent containment leakage. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026744 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH PROPULSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PY - 1965/02 SP - 169 p. AB - Reactor operations during reactivation of the N.S. Savannah are summarized for both dockside and sea operations. Measurements and tests on the reactor and auxiliary systems proved the safety and reliability of the ship and its equipment. Performance was evaluated by recording data at various levels of steady state operation and compared with previous calculations and measurements. Data were obtained at steady state power levels varying from essentially zero to 95 percent full power during the dockside and sea trial operations. Sea trial tests determined the transient characteristics of the plant in response to load changes. Zero and low power physics tests evaluated the safety of continued power operation with Core 1. Measurements were performed for the temperature and pressure coefficients of reactivity, critical control rod group positions for various orders of withdrawal, calibration of a proposed withdrawal sequence, and calibration of nuclear instrumentation channel 6. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3246 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00027902 JO - Power Engineering PB - Technical Publishing Corporation AU - Fixman, C M AU - Technical Publishing Corporation TI - LESSONS FOR INDUSTRIAL POWER GAINED FROM AUTOMATION OF MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1965/01 SP - p. 33-34 AB - Automation has been used to improve the operating efficiency of merchant ships. The design approach used by the U. S. Maritime Administration may help the operator of a stationary power plant effect a changeover from manual to automatic operation or help him design a new plant for automatic operation. The first approach was based on new construction, and started out by considering operational requirements then tailoring these requirements using the fewest reliable components, each as self-regulating as possible. The second approach was based on existing construction, where an add-on package of automation was applied depending on the economics of the situation. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Automation KW - Control KW - Control systems KW - Electric power plants KW - Power plant control KW - Ship automation KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026874 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - THE HISTORICAL SIMULATION OF TRADE ROUTE 27 PY - 1965/01 SP - 131 p. AB - Discusses the results of a run using historical input data applying a previously documented computer program, the MARAD Fleet Operations simulation, to the study of Trade Route 27. Historical data were derived from the 1961-1962 period of operation of C-3 ships on TR27. Qualitative outlines of the historical period were reproduced by the simulation, and most of the quantitative results were also in good agreement with the data. Output records of the run were used to test the effect of small changes in ship size. KW - Commodities KW - Freight and passenger traffic KW - Simulation KW - Statistics KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026879 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR POWER TO A TUG AND BARGE SYSTEM PY - 1965/01 SP - 121 p. AB - Comparison is made of unsubsidized U.S. nuclear and conventional tug and barge systems to determine the feasibility of using nuclear powered tugs towing barges in ocean service. It concludes that nuclear powered tug and barge systems are economically inferior to corresponding diesel powered systems. Appendices include cost calculations, economic relations and charts and figures illustrating the comparison. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026890 AU - Higgins, J A AU - Maritime Administration TI - SURFACE EFFECT SHIPS, A NEW ERA IN COMMERCIAL OCEAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1965 SP - 34 p. AB - The paper briefly reviews the economic history of the merchant marine, and discusses the effect that a declining merchant marine may have on the nation in general. The text discusses six requirements that a ship concept should have in order to meet the requirements for successful operation under American flag operations and compares our presently subsidized ship operation with that of our unsubsidized foreign aircraft operations. Five of the most promising surface effect ship concepts are discussed and a comparative analysis is made of the five machines in operation. Finally, the surface effect ships are compared against the six criteria originally laid down as requirements for successful economic merchant marine ship operation. The paper concludes that surface effect ships are economically and theoretically sound, technically feasible, and that such ships would be insensitive to the labor rate differential between American labor and our foreign competition. Further, the SES has vehicle characteristics capable of restoring the American merchant marine to its original vigorous state as a world leader in marine transportation, without requiring Government subsidy to survive. KW - Economic analysis (Ses) KW - Economics KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026864 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS, QUARTERLY REPORT. NOVEMBER 1, 1964-FEBRUARY 1, 1965 PY - 1965 SP - 62 p. AB - Reports on the N.S. Savannah's operating program during the three month period in which the ship completed her fourth European voyage. Also provides information on upgrading and tests on the ship's nuclear propulsion plant as required by the AEC's Memorandum and Authorization dated June 4, 1964. Included is the report on the ten-day maintenance outage scheduled during this period for voyage repairs and for quarterly and semi-annual tests. Appendixes cover: 1) Port Visitation reports; 2) Scram reports; and 3) Waste Disposal reports. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026876 AU - Air Reduction Company, Incorporated TI - NOBLE GAS RECOVERY STUDY - NS SAVANNAH, APPENDIX PY - 1965 SP - 107 p. AB - A solid absorption system with cryogenic enrichment was selected as the most feasible system for recovery of radioactive purge gas from the nuclear containment compartment of the N.S. Savannah. The process calculations made to determine the overall operational feasibility from material balance and thermodynamic considerations are presented in this appendix. In addition the size of each major piece of equipment was determined to permit a reliable estimate of the installed cost of the entire system. The appendix also contains a literature survey synopsis. KW - Bibliographies KW - Gas venting KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Radiation hazards KW - Radioactive materials KW - Safety KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026886 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS REPORT FEBRUARY 1, 1965--AUGUST 20, 1965 PY - 1965 SP - 177 p. AB - A quarterly operations report reviews operations and upgrading and tests on the nuclear propulsion plant of the N.S. Savannah for February 1 thorugh August 20, 1965, during which time the American Export Isbrandtsen Lines was the operating agent. The report includes data on chronology, power plant operation and maintenance, training, and health physics. Emphasis is on the Galveston outage, dealing with chronology, organization, annual inspection, maintenance and repairs, modifications, and testing and sea trial. STS engineering and facilities activities are also described. Appendices provide port visitation reports, scram and incident reports, a list of inspections, maintenance and modifications descriptions, and summaries of test data and results. KW - Health physics KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026776 AU - General Electric TI - DESCRIPTION OF THE 630A MARK 5 MARITIME NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR PY - 1964/12/10 SP - 34 p. AB - The design study and component development of the 630A Nuclear Steam Generator for maritime application has resulted in five major design evolutions. The first four designs utilize concentric ring, highly enriched fuel elements. The most recent of these, the Mark 4, differs from its predecessor principally in that it uses either air or helium at higher pressures as the primary working fluid, has a 55-cell rather than an 85 cell reactor core, and has gas circulators enclosed entirely within the primary loop. The 630A Mark 5 discribed in this report utilizes all the features of the 630A Mark 4 except that the reactor has low-enrichment, pin-type fuel elements. (Author) KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026771 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH 1500 AND 2500 EFPH PHYSICS TESTS PY - 1964/12 SP - 85 p. AB - The nuclear characteristics of the N.S. Savannah's Core 1, presented herein, were measured at intervals of 1399 and 3078 EFPH of core operation. These measurements fulfill the safeguard requirement of scheduled physics test periods at 1500 and 2500 EfPH. No adverse trend or anomalous reactivity effect has developed since Core 1 was installed in December 1961. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026734 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - McMullen (John J) Associates, Incorporated AU - American Export Isbrandtsen Lines TI - CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR, ECONOMIC DATA FOR NUCLEAR SHIP ROUTE STUDIES PY - 1964/12 SP - 73 p. AB - Descriptive information and cost estimates based on consolidated nuclear steam generator designs for 31,000-shp and 70,000-shp applications are provided. Included is data on: 1) total capital costs of the completed reactor plant for each of the specified power levels; 2) all reactor auxiliaries and service system components necessary to complete the primary loop and the associated costs of each component; 3) maintenance and repair projections; 4) reactor fuel and refueling operation costs; and 5) manning requirements associated with the complete reactor plant. KW - Crew size KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Manning requirements KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026791 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH SUMMARY REPORT FOR LICENSED OPERATIONS PY - 1964/11 AB - This report is prepared in approximate conformity with the format suggested for hazards summary reports in Part 50 of Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Subjects included are: ship and propulsion power plant descriptions, accident analyses, site and environmental considerations, organization of maritime administration and division of nuclear projects, plans for ship operation, radioactive waste disposal, and nuclear servicing vessel atomic servant. Typical figures show fuel exposed by cladding melting, containment leakage vs. pressure, effect of windspeed on exposure zone radius, ship profiles and plan views, etc. KW - Crash investigation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026777 AU - Stromsted, A J AU - Morse, H D AU - Carlaftes, P J AU - Fitzgerald, J P AU - Maritime Administration TI - STUDY OF LARGE ELECTRICAL BUS BARS IN PROTECTED DUCTS FOR AN ADVANCED SHIP PY - 1964/11 SP - 52 p. AB - The report outlines economic and other gains of an industrial bus duct system as a ship's electrical power distribution network and the special problems in a marine application. The study includes factors that influence utilizing a bus duct distribution system for ships, including electrical or structural problem areas and means of protection against injury. Consideration is given to the ships structure and providing physical protection of bus ducts. Watertight deck and bulkhead penetrations are discussed and illustrated. Extent of modification of standard electrical equipment for a bus duct type distribution system is considered. Several concepts of distribution methods are discussed and illustrated, according to degree of flexibility, selectivity and service continuity desired. Consideration is given to relative costs of each type of system, to the type of ship to which it is applied and to the severity of duty the system must accommodate with a minimum of service interruption. The study indicates that bus duct type distribution systems provide reduction of wireway runs, reduction of penetrations and identification markings, reduction in variety of cable sizes, improved maintenance and cleanliness conditions, reduced wiring problems in conversions, emergency conditions or new additions to the electrical installation. KW - Buses (Electricity) KW - Ducts KW - Electric power KW - Electric power system design KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electrical bus ducting KW - Electrical systems KW - Electrical wiring KW - System design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026749 AU - Maritime Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE PRACTICE OF RETAINING TUGS ON THE BASIS OF TIME TO MELT PY - 1964/11 SP - 11 p. AB - The practice of retaining tugboats for the N.S. Savannah on the basis of time-to-melt calculations is evaluated. Areas of study include site and environmental considerations, tug performance, hazards to tug personnel, auxiliary diesel electric propulsion, and tug expense and precedent implications. It is concluded that the health and safety of the public is adequately provided for in present safeguards, and that the practice of requiring tugs to be retained at the ship seems to represent an undue expense and set an unduly restrictive precedent that other nuclear ships very likely cannot follow. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Ship operations KW - Tug operations KW - Tugboats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026731 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - PORT OPERATION OF THE N.S. SAVANNAH PY - 1964/11 SP - 22 p. AB - Port criteria are presented for the N.S. Savannah, establishing basic limitations on its operations in all ports which supersede all previously issued specifications. The criteria are issued to assure due consideration of the health and safety of the public. Prerequisites are listed for both initial port entry and port reentries. Port acceptability limitations are outlined with regard to accident assumptions, mooring location considerations, remote anchorage, limitations on transit routes, port emergency plants, and special exception (one-hour zone). In-port administrative and procedural safeguards and port operating plans are also described. The appendix provides data on zone evaluation for environmental safeguards. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Ports of entry KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026628 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - LARGE ELECTRICAL BUS BARS IN PROTECTED DUCTS FOR AN ADVANCED SHIP PY - 1964/11 SP - 51 p. AB - This study discusses and evaluates the investigation, availability, and adaptability of electrical bus ducting systems to cargo ships such as the C-4. It compares two types of systems of relative reliability, space requirements, and flexibility. Advantages of adapting this type of system include: reduction of cumbersome installations; inproved maintenance conditions; reduction of cable sizes, cost and installation time. Disadvantages include the fact that this type of system is subject to certain regulatory limits. It concludes that ships be given individual consideration before deciding which type of system to use. One half of the document contains figures including schematic diagrams of bus duct systems. KW - Buses (Electricity) KW - Ducts KW - Electric cables KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electrical bus ducting KW - Electrical cable UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027661 AU - Sperry Piedmont Company TI - SHIP'S BRIDGE CONTROL CONSOLE SYSTEM TECHNICAL MANUAL VOLUME 1 PY - 1964/10 VL - 1 SP - 468 p. AB - Operational characteristics, operating instructions and maintenance instructions for the Ship's Bridge Control Console System of the Sperry Piedmont Company are presented. Six consoles comprise the system. These are the: (1) Ship's Condition Console, (2) Position Plot Console, (3) Navigation Aids Console, (4) Communications-Radar Console, (5) Steering Console, and (6) Open Bridge Console. Each of these is discussed in a separate section and where the console contains units or systems that are not functionally related each unit or system is covered independently. Information provided consists of both general and functional descriptions, operating instructions, principles of operation and maintenance of the consoles, systems or units. Also included is material common to two or more consoles and information on auxiliary equipment which is not part of any of the consoles. KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Consoles KW - Maintenance KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027662 AU - Sperry Piedmont Company TI - SHIP'S BRIDGE CONTROL CONSOLE SYSTEM TECHNICAL MANUAL VOLUME 2 PY - 1964/10 VL - 2 SP - 223 p. AB - Seven manufacturer's handbooks are combined to form this technical manual. Generally, all handbooks provide information on the operation and maintenance of the specified equipment. Included are: (1) Sperry Piedmont's instruction books on their open scale compass repeater and their motor controller; (2) Brush Instruments' manuals on their RD 264400 and RD 266400 oscillographs, and their dual channel amplifier model RD 562100; (3) the installation and service manual for the C.M.E. automatic radio direction finder; (4) Westrex's manual for their Nav-Pax System; and (5) the manual which provides a description of and operational information on the U.S. Navy's Synchros. KW - Electronic navigation KW - Electronic navigation aids KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026788 AU - Patterson, E S AU - Lloyd, A B AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - MARVEL-SCHEBLER CONTROL ROD DRIVE SYSTEM-ELECTRONICS REPAIR GUIDE PY - 1964/10 SP - 29 p. AB - This report covers the various circuits of the drive system, giving description of circuit operation and trouble shooting steps. Included are circuit diagrams and tables of circuit characteristics. KW - Control systems KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026745 AU - Fletcher, C M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH INSTRUMENTATION PY - 1964/10 SP - 45 p. AB - The complex instrumentation and control systems initially installed aboard the N.S. Savannah obtained large amounts of unnecessary data for routine operation. A new instrumentation program improved plant operations and safety, increased efficiency, and reduced maintenance. A plan was developed for overall plant instrumentation simplification directed toward propulsion system automation. The main control console would then be reduced to a one-man operation, reducing the number of instrument maintenance personnel required by providing a system of modular construction. The value of each indicator on the control console was evaluated on an individual basis. A preliminary design provides throttle control of a nuclear propulsion plant from the navigational bridge. A replacement bridge console and control station is being developed. KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Consoles KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion machinery controls KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026790 AU - General Electric TI - REVISION OF 630A INFORMATION FOR MARAD-NAVAL ARCHITECT STUDIES (MARK 4) PY - 1964/09/17 SP - 22 p. AB - This document is a revised edition of General Electric's "630A Information for MARAD-Naval Architect Studies", a manufacturer's informational publication. Revisions include a 50 degrees decrease on the recommended turbine inlet steam temperature, a revised heat balance based on the recommended change, a schematic drawing for the auxiliary systems, and estimated fuel costs. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026789 AU - General Electric TI - 630A INFORMATION FOR MARAD - NAVAL ARCHITECT STUDIES PY - 1964/09/15 SP - 20 p. AB - This document briefly describes the 630A Nuclear Steam Generator. It is an informational publication by the manufacturer. Information is provided on costs involved (including sales prices, installation costs, fuel costs, repair and maintenance costs, and refueling costs), manufacturer's services rendered with purchase, and guarantees and warranties, etc. There is a diagram of the RSA-630A 55 cell, a schematic of the marine power plant, the NSG weights required to meet normal propulsive power ratings, etc. KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026631 AU - Hinterthan, W B AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - PROPELLER EXCITED VIBRATORY FORCES FOR NS SAVANNAH DERIVED FROM MODEL WAKE SURVEY PY - 1964/09/09 SP - 35 p. AB - Propeller forces and moments induced by the nonuniform inflow velocities into the propeller plane of the N.S. Savannah are calculated from a wake survey conducted on a model of the ship at a displacement corresponding to 16,200 tons and at a speed corresponding to 20.5 knots. A harmonic analysis of the wake was made for the longitudinal and tangential velocity component ratios. The analysis indicated that the seventh harmonic (seven blades) has the smallest relative harmonic amplitude. The magnitude of the thrust fluctuation in percentage of the mean thrust amounted to 18.0 percent double amplitude D.A. at 20.5 knots. The torque fluctuation in percentage of the mean torque amounted to about 15 percent D.A. at the same speed. The eccentricity factor e/D is close to those of other surface ships. KW - Force KW - Harmonic analysis KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propeller forces KW - Propellers KW - Vibration KW - Vibration research KW - Wake surveys KW - Wakes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026773 AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - MARITIME CARGO SYMPOSIUM PY - 1964/09 SP - 199 p. AB - This volume contains papers presented during the Symposium. Leaders in the field of maritime cargo attempted to answer questions pertinent to all aspects of the field. Papers included focus upon the definition of the maritime cargo problem and its parameters, current practicable solutions, and benefits to be derived from these solutions. Among the figures is a schematic simulation model of a marine port complex example. KW - Cargo handling KW - Development KW - Marine terminals KW - Port operations KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026722 AU - Chu, F D AU - Frankel, E G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTED AND CONVENTIONAL SHIP PY - 1964/09 SP - 58 p. AB - A comparative analysis is presented of segmented and conventional ship operation in an analysis of an actual trade route using statistical data collected over a number of years. Trade Route 10 (Mediterranean improved) was selected, and the principal method of analysis adopted was simulation. In all, 20 cases of combinations of barge train size, number, and speed were tested and compared with 10 different cases for conventional dry cargo ships serving the same route. Considered in the study were Route 10 characteristics, barge train routing, barge train system, initial scheduling, basic simulation policy, and cost analysis. It was concluded that while in general an increase in the number of tugs enhances the flexibility of cargo delivery and minimizes cargo delivery time, minimum investment and maximum profit is achieved by single tug operation. Tables and figures account for half of the report. KW - Barge trains KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Economics KW - Routing KW - Ship routing KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026746 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - STATUS REPORT ON REACTOR COMPARTMENT AND REACTOR SPACE VENTILATION, NS SAVANNAH PY - 1964/09 SP - 79 p. AB - The N.S. Savannah reactor space ventilation system provides shipboard retention of fission products that could leak out of the containment vessel following a maximum credible accident. The containment is located in the reactor compartment, and together these spaces form a double barrier against leakage from within the containment to the atmosphere. Any leakage from the containment vessel goes into the reactor compartment, since this compartment is maintained at a negative pressure by means of exhaust fans. These fans take suction in the reactor compartment, pull air through a series of filters and an adsorber, and then discharge it to the atmosphere. The filters remove liquid droplets and particulate matter, and the adsorber removes iodine from the gases being exhausted. The reactor space ventilation system minimizes the potential environmental hazard of any radioactivity that might lead from the containment. KW - Fission KW - Fissionable materials KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation hazards KW - Radiation shielding KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026630 AU - Yeh, H AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - NS SAVANNAH SHALLOW WATER MOORING TEST MODEL 4671 PY - 1964/08 SP - 10 p. AB - Tests were conducted on N.S. Savannah Model 4671 to obtain information pertinent to the design of a bow thruster. Results indicate the forces experienced by the ship, while laying along-side a pier, subjected to broadside currents of various velocities in shallow water and the predicted turning moments resulting from the combination of the propeller-rudder action in these waters. KW - Bow thrusters KW - Navigation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propeller rudder interaction KW - Propellers KW - Rudders KW - Shallow water effects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026728 AU - Stanek, L J AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH MELTDOWN CALCUALTION; A DISCUSSION OF MODEL ASSUMPTIONS, INPUT SELECTION, AND CONSERVATISM PY - 1964/08 SP - 44 p. AB - A detailed description of the N.S. Savannah meltdown calculation is presented, with four areas discussed at length: model, inherent model assumptions, selection of input parameters, and degree of conservatism. An attempt is made to separate the effects of decisions in any of the four individual areas. The input parameters reviewed include heat generation, radiation, conduction, convection, and heat storage. Appendices are given with data on gamma heat power split and axial radiation. KW - Mathematical methods KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026724 AU - Inui, T AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - INVESTIGATION OF BULBOUS BOW DESIGN FOR "MARINER" CARGO SHIP PY - 1964/07 SP - 88 p. AB - The final report of an investigation of the bulbous bow design for the Mariner cargo ship is presented, based on three separate reports. Report 1 is on preliminary calculations for the alternative Mariner (with-bulb) design. It consists of conditions for the "waveless" state, requirements by the Maritime Administration, an outline of calculations, and discussions on the results obtained. Report 2 gives further preliminary calculations, considering principal particulars and lines of Design M-4, capacity and stability calculations on Design M-4, discussions of results, and a proposal of a Modified Design M-5. The third report consists of resistance tests on 2.5 meter models and EHP estimation, including: a description of the models and the bulbs, test condition for the resistance tests, turbulence stimulation, and analysis of the test results and EHP estimation. Tables and figures are included in each section to comprise the bulk of the report. KW - Bow bulb configurations KW - Bows KW - Bulbous bows KW - Cargo ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026725 AU - Takahei, T AU - Michelsen, F C AU - MOSS, J L AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - RESISTANCE OF CONVENTIONAL SHIP FORMS WITH LARGE BULBOUS BOWS. 1. SERIES 60, C SUB B EQUALS 0.60. 2. SERIES 60, C SUB B EQUALS 0.70 PY - 1964/07 SP - 54 p. AB - The resistance of conventional ship forms with large bulbous bows is reported, based on studies using two separate models and bulb designs. Test procedures and results are given for each series. It is concluded that the optimum configuration of bulbous bow should be specified from the first step of the hull design, instead of fitting a bulb to a convention hull form. Test results indicate that with a larger fillet behind the bulb, the residuary resistance is increased both in the full load and ballast condition. KW - Bow bulb configurations KW - Bows KW - Bulbous bows KW - Hulls KW - Ship design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026743 AU - Honeywell, A P AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH LABORATORY CENTRALIZATION PY - 1964/07 SP - 39 p. AB - Operating and maintenance functions on the N.S. Savannah were hampered by the ship's layout of machinery space, shops, and laboratories. No proper space was provided for the performance of routine cold water chemistry on the secondary system. Maintenance and operation of the ship was difficult because of separation and location of machinery and shop spaces. This resulted in ineffective use of available manpower, caused communications problems, and made engineering operations difficult. Conceptual layouts were made to provide centralization of the shops and laboratories to a location near the control room. The new shop areas provides a central storage area for reference materials and drawings pertaining to the ship, accessible storage for tools and spare parts, and a comfortable well-lighted workspace. Additional work on laboratory centralization is necessary to further the goals of reduced manning, lower operating costs, and more safe and efficient operation. KW - Constraints KW - Design KW - Design constraints KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship design KW - Ship operations KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026594 AU - McMichael, D B AU - Carrico, P E AU - Institute of Navigation TI - SPECIAL NAVIGATION PROBLEMS OF THE SAVANNAH PY - 1964/06 SP - 40 p. AB - The Nuclear Ship Savannah, built and operated as a joint project of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Maritime Administration, has the broad objectives of demonstrating a peaceful use of atomic energy and the feasibility of reactor power for marine propulsion. The consequent fusion of the oldest form of transportation and the newest power source could only be made by the rationalization of regulations, conventions and attitudes prevailing in both industries. Construction of a nuclear ship requires the incorporation of substantial safeguards against the usual hazards of navigation as well as the reactor safeguards typical of land-based plants. Operation in domestic and foreign ports is based upon an acceptable Port Operating Plan and upon the confidence that the judgment of the senior officers is adequate to meet with any potential hazard on or off the ship. KW - Navigational aids KW - Navigational planning KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026907 AU - Parissis, G G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - THE EFFECT OF HULL SHAPE NON-LINEARITIES ON THE CALCULATION OF HEAVE AND PITCH OF A SHIP PY - 1964/06 SP - 153 p. AB - Several theories on the behavior of a ship at sea have been used to derive linearized equations of motion for heave and pitch of a rigid ship body. Mathematical equations are used to determine the physical ship model and wave form. The strip theory for determination of the coefficients of the equation of motion, and how the theory was altered to account for hull shape nonlinearities is discussed and presented mathematically. A stepwise solution of the equation of motions is formulated accepting the position and velocities of the ship as initial conditions, and using equations computes the accelerations, velocities, and displacement of a ship. Experiments with a series 60 Block 80 model in a towing tank are discussed and compared with other experiments. Results indicate that adequate work was done in motion analysis. These results also indicate a better correlation with experiments than with linear theory. It is concluded that results would have been more satisfactory if a more accurate theory had been selected. KW - Hull geometry KW - Hull response KW - Hull wave interaction KW - Hulls KW - Ship motion KW - Water waves UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026726 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH TRAINING MANUAL, SHIP AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION, VOLUME 1 PY - 1964/06 VL - 1 SP - 208 p. AB - Intended to serve as introductory material to the N.S. Savannah, the training manual presents a summary of the ship and its equipment, both conventional and nuclear. Special emphasis is placed on the reactor and support systems. More complete and detailed training material in other areas is presented in supplementary volumes. Introductory remarks include discussion of the program, administration, regulation, port visit plans, the Galveston Facility, and the N.S.V. Atomic Servant. Descriptions of the ship include the hull structure and compartments, deck arrangements, reactor compartment and secondary shield, and ship control and communications equipment. The power plant description deals with the reactor assembly, reactor coolant system, radiation protection systems, and reactor plant control system. The bulk of the report is devoted to tables and figures. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power plant design KW - Ships KW - Structural design KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026727 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH TRAINING MANUAL, SHIP AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION, VOLUME 2 PY - 1964/06 VL - 2 SP - 188 p. AB - The second volume of the N.S. Savannah training manual provides ship and systems description, focusing on the power plant. Detailed data are provided on the reactor plant auxiliary systems, including pressurizing and relief systems, loop purification, buffer seal, hydrogen addition, cooling, waste disposal and collection, and emergency systems. The propulsion system is discussed in terms of steam systems, boiler feed, circulation, condenser contaminated drain and detection, take-home motor, and supplementary steam equipment. Finally, the electrical systems are described, considering functions, power sources, power distribution, and generating plant. Figures and drawings are provided throughout the text. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power plant design KW - Ships KW - Structural design KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026723 AU - General Electric AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - AN INTEGRATED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT STUDY PY - 1964/05/10 SP - 264 p. AB - The study of a 20,000-SHP, single-screw, integrated gas turbine power plant, conducted in compliance with the Maritime Administration's "scope of work" and the PD108 ship design, is reported. Significant results include: (1) a regenerative, two-shaft gas turbine is selected for the main power plant; (2) the expected all-purpose fuel rate for the ship at design conditions is 0.496 lb/SHP-hr; (3) a mechanical drive transmission system was selected having a double reduction gear and a controllable- and reversible-pitch propeller; (4) an auxiliary steam system is used with steam generated by means of a heat-recovery boiler and supplemented by auxiliary hot gas generators; (5) a gas turbine-generator set provides ship's standby electrical service and port electrical power requirements. Daily operating costs of the main propulsion plant and supporting auxiliaries are estimated, and the design performance data for the integrated gas turbine power plant are tabulated. KW - Electric power plants KW - Gas turbines KW - Power plant design KW - Propulsion KW - Ships KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026729 AU - Peterson, R R AU - Maritime Administration TI - GAS TURBINE GENERATOR & WASTE HEAT BOILER INSTALLED ON S/S PIONEER MOOR, EVALUATION AND CRITIQUE PY - 1964/05/01 SP - 28 p. AB - The feasibility and usefulness of constructing and installing a gas turbine-driven generator and waste heat boiler combination unit for merchant ships are reported. Figures are presented to show performance curves, performance tabulation, and a pictorial representation of the generator and boiler unit. It is concluded that the unit combination is currently acceptable for installation in emergency service capacity, and could be used as a ships service set once reliability is assured. After approval for ships service is otained, other uses could be considered. Recommendations are offered for improvement of the machine, improvement of installation, and possible additional services. Appendices are included on the contract history, chronology, procedure of evaluation, detailed questions and answers, and a typical log sheet. KW - Gas turbines KW - Generators KW - Propulsion KW - Waste heat boilers KW - Waste heat utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026742 AU - Taylor, J H AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH CONTAINMENT INTEGRITY QUARTERLY LEAK RATE TEST RESULTS PY - 1964/05 SP - 23 p. AB - Two containment leak tests were conducted on the N.S. Savannah to satisfy U.S. Coast Guard annual inspection requirements and to determine the current containment status. The first test was a post-maintenance test with the reactor completely cooled down. The primary system was at approximately 50 psig and 100 F. Decay heat was removed by the letdown coolers. Test data was recorded to determine leak rate by both reference and absolute methods. The second test, made following a two-day sea trial, was conducted in the "as-is" condition. The plant was shut down and cooled to about 200 F. Relatively stable temperatures were achieved in the containment and primary system. The primary objective of the test was accomplished with approval of the U.S. Coast Guard. Secondary objectives were: to conduct a pressure proof test on electrical fittings installed in penetration boxes; to determine containment air leakage following removal of the emergency cooling salt water pump and flow distribution valves; to determine reduction of the reference system leakage; to prove containment cooling fans could start from a dead stop in a 60 psig air atmosphere; and to determine the validity of containment leak rate data. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026772 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - CORE 1 FUEL ISOTOPE CURVES FOR SEMI-ANNUAL ACCOUNTABILITY REPORTS PY - 1964/04 SP - 81 p. AB - This report presents the estimated fuel concentration changes of total uranium, uranium-235 and total plutonium in the 32 partially expanded fuel elements through a series of graphs which give the concentration of these fuel materials as a function of core burnup. This manner of presentation simplifies the calculations and provides an estimate of these concentrations on a gram basis. An estimate of the daily, weekly, or cruise amount of U-235 burned, net plutonium produced or total uranium burned may also be determined through the use of these curves. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027626 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, DESCRIPTION AND ECONOMICS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM ON TRADE ROUTE 10 PY - 1964/03/20 SP - 114 p. AB - This report, the second of two parallel reports which together will comprise Phase 4 of the Selected Routes Study, describes an improved system on Trade Route 10 and its economic impact. The basic point made is that a fleet of ships specifically designed to permit rapid handling of unitized cargo, and thus fast port turnaround, would make possible a substantial reduction in total cost of operation (compared to the current replacement fleet) as well as a significantly higher return on investment; and this superiority would tend to increase in the future. It is concluded, however, that with regard to the Warehouse Ship concept, there is a definite need for a more explicit and tangible demonstration of the manner in which the cargo would be loaded, stowed, and discharged under various circumstances. KW - Cargo ships KW - Operations research KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026787 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH RADIATION MONITORING TRAINING MANUAL PY - 1964/03 SP - 165 p. AB - This manual is a guide for use in the N. S. SAVANNAH training program. It gives a general description and explanation of monitoring systems, including multichannel area, neutron, cooling water, gland seal, air particulate and radiogas. Included is a detailed description of various scintillation and neutron detectors. Nuclear radiation physics are broadly discussed and a glossary is provided. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation monitoring KW - Radiation physics KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026906 AU - Felbeck, D K AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - FEASIBILITY OF THIN-FILM ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR STUDY OF FINE DEFECT STRUCTURE IN STEEL AFTER LOW CYCLE FATIGUE PY - 1964/03 SP - 8 p. AB - Application of recent developments in thin-film transmission electron microscopy to specimens of ABS Class-C steel fractured by low cycle fatigue demonstrates that changes in fine defect structure can be clearly observed. It is concluded that this method is capable of revealing much information about the extent, magnitude and nature of low cycle fatigue damage in mild steel. KW - Cracking KW - Defects KW - Electron microscopy KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Materials tests KW - Steel KW - Steel testing KW - Structural deterioration and defects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026740 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH CORE 1 NUCLEAR CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1964/03 SP - 79 p. AB - Nuclear characteristics of the N.S. Savannah's Core 1 are based on improved calculations and measurements taken at about 10 percent of the core lifetime. An initial physics test program determined core excess reactivity, flux and power distribution, control rod group and pattern worths, and power-peaking values for various control rod patterns. Core physics tests included measurements of operating reactivity coefficients and calibrations of various control rod Groups. All full power values are based on a core power of 74 MW-t which delivers approximately 20,000 shp under normal operating conditions. Initial excess reactivity and the measured worths of various control rod groups and patterns at ambient temperature were determined by the water height method during zero power tests. The measured reactivity coefficients, which included the temperature coefficient, power Doppler coefficient, and the pressure coefficient, were calculated using both one and two-dimensional models. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026775 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - THE CNSG 3; CONCEPTUAL MERCHANT SHIP NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGN. REVISION 1 PY - 1964/02 SP - 90 p. AB - The design for a conceptual merchant ship nuclear reactor, the Consolidated Nuclear Steam Generator 3 (CNSG 3) is presented. The CNSG 3 is an improved pressurized water reactor that is more economical than conventional power plants for high shaft horsepower and high load factor applications. The entire primary system is contained in one pressure vessel, resulting in a compact and light system. The refueling cycle is completed in less than 3 weeks. Consideration is given to economics, safety analysis, operational procedures, design, future potential of water-cooled marine reactors, technical support services, and design history. An appendix gives plant information sheets. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026741 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SUMMARY REPORT FOR DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN PORT VISITATION PY - 1964/02 SP - 70 p. AB - Negotiations are in varied stages of completion for the N.S. Savannah to enter the waters of several foreign countries and their ports. The ship will be operated at sea and at approved port sites within specified limitations according to the Reactor Plant Operating Manual, Technical Specifications, Health Physics Manual, Port Operation of the Savannah, and Port Analysis Reports. The organization, responsibilities, and inter-relationships of the supervisory, operational, and advisory groups participating in this program are presented. KW - Foreign KW - Foreign maritime development KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Ship operations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026733 AU - Taylor, J H AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH CONTAINMENT INTEGRITY, ITS MEASUREMENT AND IMPROVEMENT PY - 1964/02 SP - 53 p. AB - Measures taken in a program to test and improve both containment integrity and the means of measuring it are discussed. Basically, the program was twofold. First, the scope of testing was enlarged and improved methods were devised to provide more meaningful data. Second, physical changes were sought that would either improve the containment integrity or facilitate testing. An introductory section reports on precautionary measures originally taken aboard the N.S. Savannah to minimize the possibility of radioactivity release to the atmosphere and includes schematics of the reactor compartment ventilation system, containment penetrations, and types of containment penetrations. Detailed results of the current program and plans for continuing it are presented at the report's conclusion. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026732 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH HAZARDS SUMMARY REPORT FOR 1964 SEA TRIALS, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION BACKUP CREW PY - 1964/02 SP - 116 p. AB - The N.S. Savannah hazards summary report is given for the 1964 sea trials operated with a government crew composed primarily of Maritime Administration personnel. The program of operations described is for dockside and sea operation at and out of Galveston, Texas, for the purpose of the personnel training to provide a government backup crew for the regular crew. Data are given for the ship condition, the proposed program of operations, organization, training program, site and hazards analysis, and criteria for operation. An appendix is included with resumes of personnel. KW - Nuclear hazard evaluation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear radiation KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Risk assessment KW - Ship trials KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026786 AU - Savannah Technical Staff TI - NS SAVANNAH CORE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1964/01 SP - 19 p. AB - The report is concerned with recommended and broader alternative program of core development for the N.S. Savannah, the results of which could be extrapolated to show feasibility of highly economical nuclear fueled ships in future. Cost estimates are included. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026632 AU - Weaver, A H AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - POWERING CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO V-BOW VARIATIONS FOR SERIES 60, 0.60=C SUB B COMPARED TO THE PARENT TMB MODELS 4969, 4210, AND MODEL 924 PY - 1964/01 SP - 16 p. AB - Predictions of horsepower and associated coefficients for the Series 60, 0.60 block hull with extreme "V" sections obtained from tests with Taylor Model Basin (TMB) Model 4969 are presented for a speed range of 12 to 28 knots. Composite plots of SHP, EHP, RPM, EHP/SHP, wake fraction from thrust, and thrust deduction obtained from tests with University of Michigan Model 924, TMB Model 4969, and TMB Model 4210 are presented for speeds of 16 to 25 knots. KW - Energy consumption KW - Hulls KW - Model testing KW - Power prediction KW - Ship design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3189 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00026783 JO - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers-Transactions PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Stuntz, G AU - Taylor, R J AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - SOME ASPECTS OF BOW-THRUSTER DESIGN PY - 1964 VL - 72 SP - p. 336-373 AB - Guides are presented for the design of bow thruster/tunnel endings for maximum thrust and minimum increase in hull resistance. In addition, the factors affecting producible thrust and required thrust are discussed. Curves and equations are given for estimating lateral forces and moments due to wind and current. KW - Bow thrusters KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ship motion KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3823 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00026782 JO - Publication of: Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Datz, I AU - Fixman, C M AU - Freidberg, A AU - Lewinson, V AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - A DESCRIPTION OF THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF SHIP OPERATIONS PY - 1964 VL - 72 SP - p. 493-523 AB - A mathematical simulation of the operation of a fleet of berth-liners has been developed for use as a planning tool. It consists of two major functional parts, a Roll Call Program which controls the activities of simulated ships and a Schedule Generator which assigns them sailing dates and services. The simulation output provides ship utilization information and financial data. A test of the simulation against the historical data for a North Atlantic Trade Route shows good agreement. Application of the simulation in investigating a ship of advanced design for future use is presented. Possible uses of this management tool are outlined. KW - Cargo management KW - Computerized scheduling KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Scheduling KW - Ship operations KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated ship operation KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026747 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS, QUARTERLY REPORT, MAY 1-AUGUST 1, 1964 PY - 1964 SP - 51 p. AB - The quarterly operations report reviews N.S. Savannah operations and changes to, tests of, and experiments on the ship's nuclear propulsion system from May 1 to August 1, 1964. The report includes data on operations chronology, power plant operation and maintenance, training, health physics, tests, Hoboken outage maintenance, and STS engineering and facilities activities. Appendices are included on the reactor compartment ventilation system filter efficiency test, scram reports, and a waste disposal report. KW - Health physics KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026748 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS, QUARTERLY REPORT, AUGUST 1-NOVEMBER 1, 1964 PY - 1964 SP - 96 p. AB - The quarterly operations report describes the operations, upgrading, and tests of the nuclear propulsion system of the N.S. Savannah from August 1, 1964 through November 1, 1964, during which time the second and third European voyages were made. The reports includes data on chronology, power plant operation and maintenance, training, health physics, tests, maintenance assistance, and STS engineering and facilities activities. Appendices are provided on scram and port visitation reports, summary of passengers and cargo carried, and heavy weather experience. KW - Health physics KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027623 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. DESCRIPTION AND ECONOMICS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM ON TRADE ROUTE 8 PY - 1963/12/20 SP - 113 p. AB - The first of two parallel reports which together comprise the fourth phase of the Selected Routes Study on operations analysis of the maritime transportation systems, this report gives a description and the economics of an improved system on Trade Route 8. The report is primarily a refinement of a preceding report with certain limitations regarding systems (restricting this study to that of the "Warehouse" fleet) and cargo load conditions. It is concluded that there are economic advantages to an improved fleet of Warehouse Ships, although there is need for further demonstration of the manner in which the cargo would be loaded, stowed, and discharged under various conditions. KW - Cargo ships KW - Operations research KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026603 AU - Dunlap and Associates, Incorporated TI - MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY PROGRAM PY - 1963/12/12 SP - 123 p. AB - Some of the initial tasks performed on the Development of a Maritime Administration Maintenance and Reliability Program (MA-3402) are discussed. The major initial tasks included work on: 1) examination of maintenance and reliability data sources and collection of data samples; 2) collection and development of mathematical models for data analysis for modeling shipboard activities; 3) collection and development of sets of classification schemes for use in the program; 4) preliminary organization and analysis of certain classes of maintenance, repair, reliability, and cost data; and 5) initiation of supporting studies dealing with ships systems and operations, and related maintenance and reliability data systems. It is concluded that mathematical models can be developed to treat theoretically the various aspects of shipboard maintenance and reliability. The apparent quality of existing data is seen as possibly precluding accurate resolution of certain design and policy questions, but it will be used for the greatest extent possible. The impact on ship operators of long-term data collection requirements is assessed. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Machinery KW - Maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Shipboard operations KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026638 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH HEALTH PHYSICS MANUAL PY - 1963/12/01 SP - 162 p. AB - A health physics manual for the N.S. Savannah establishes the standards, policies, and detailed instructions relating to radiation protection from the program. Operational procedures for health physics personnel are specified. Topics covered include: maximum permissible exposures and concentrations; control areas; contamination control and decontamination; work permits; respiratory equipment and protective clothing; personnel monitoring; routine, special, and environmental surveys; fixed radiation monitoring system; source storage and handling; waste management; shipment and receipts; records, logs, and reports; tests and measurement program; calibration equipment; maintenance, special, and casualty procedures; training program; and health physics storage areas. KW - Health physics KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026676 AU - Noonan, C J AU - Cummings, J T AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - VIBRATOR-GENERATOR TESTS ON NS SAVANNAH IN DEEP WATER PY - 1963/12 SP - 25 p. AB - Vibration-generator tests were made on N.S. Savannah in deep water while the ship was powered by her emergency propulsion system. Resonant frequencies and mode shapes of the hull for vertical, horizontal, and torsional vibration were measured. A comparison of experimental and calculated results indicated that agreement is about as satisfying as that usually found for surface ships. Recommendations for further tests are made. KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Measurement KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Vibration KW - Vibration measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026604 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH HAZARDS SUMMARY REPORT FOR 1964 SEA TRIALS PY - 1963/12 SP - 100 p. AB - A hazards summary report for the 1964 sea trials of the N.S. Savannah is presented for a program of operations for dockside and sea operation in and out of Galveston, Texas, in preparation for resumption of the program of port visitations by the Savannah. The report details the ship condition, proposed program of operations, organization, training, site and hazards analysis, and criteria for operation. It is concluded that through adherence to detailed written procedures previously proven satisfactory, by compliance with the provisions of the approved technical specifications and other critera, by observance of an approved program and sequence of operations, and through the use of knowledgeable and experienced personnel the proposed program can be performed without undue hazard to the health and safety of the general public. Personnel resumes are included in the appendix. KW - Nuclear hazard evaluation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear radiation KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Risk assessment KW - Ship operations KW - Ship trials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026601 AU - Robb, J E AU - Atomic Energy Commission AU - Maritime Administration TI - THE MARITIME NUCLEAR PROPULSION PROGRAM PY - 1963/11/18 SP - 22 p. AB - An analysis of the N.S. Savannah experience and accomplishments is made in relation to a program to promote rapid utilization of nuclear reactors in merchant ships. From the technical experience of the N.S. Savannah and the associated advanced reactor development effort have been derived compact reactor systems which are believed suitable for widespread use in the field. From the ship's legal and regulatory experience, new regulations, procedures, standards, agreements, and accepted practices now form a framework which will permit routine commercial use of nuclear merchant ships in domestic and foreign ports. Also from the N.S. Savannah's experience has come trained personnel for safe nuclear ship operation and the first commerical marine nuclear servicing facilities and staff available to private shipping customers. Finally, it is concluded that maritime nuclear propulsion can provide economically competitive ship systems and can achieve superiority over conventional propulsion in a number of shipping applications. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026687 AU - Grossman, R E AU - Thomson, W G AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH VENTILATION SYSTEM FILTER TESTING PY - 1963/11 SP - 20 p. AB - The status of the N.S. Savannah ventilation system filter testing is reported. System specifications and criteria are described, along with filter-absorber train test methods. These include analytical techniques evaluation and system tests. System performance adequacy is reflected in the continued high iodine removal efficiency of the filter-absorber train, which has been established by initial shore tests followed by a series of shipboard tests. It is concluded that the filters have maintained high retention of both iodine and submicron particulates since installation, and that the shipboard test methods assure that ventilation system filter efficiency will meet or exceed the requirements of the technical specifications. KW - Equipment tests KW - Filters KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026673 AU - Ross, H D AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH PRIMARY GATE VALVE STRESS REPORT. INVESTIGATION OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE RESULTING FROM VARIOUS TRANSIENTS DURING REACTOR OPERATION PY - 1963/11 SP - 24 p. AB - This report on an evaluation of the possible occurrence of craze cracks on the inner surfaces of the primary gate valve in the N.S. Savannah due to previous thermal cycles, and tries to determine if future transients could propagate these cracks if they were initially present. It concludes that the safety of the primary piping system has not been impaired by thermal transients which have occurred during service, that cold water make up transients may have initiated surface crazing over a small area of the inner surface of the valve, and that future transients will not be a source of concern since the most severe of these has been eliminated by introducing the make up water at a more favorable location. KW - Cracking KW - Fatigue cracking KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3211 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026637 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH GALVESTON OUTAGE REPORT PY - 1963/11 SP - 159 p. AB - A summary of modifications, maintenance, and inspection work performed on the N.S. Savannah during the Galveston outage of February, March, and April, 1963 is presented. Evaluation of the operational history and equipment performance since the start of the reactor operation resulted in recommended changes in the ship and power plant. Major modifications included replacement of the reactor compartment ventilation system, replacement of the radiation monitoring system, and addition of new quarters in the no. 6 hold. Routine equipment maintenance and repair items were scheduled. An extensive inspection and preventive maintenance program was performed on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, semiannual, and annual basis. Inspections required by the U.S. Coast Guard and the American Bureau of Shipping were performed at this time. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026605 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - SUMMARY OF POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1963/10/10 SP - 50 p. AB - Summarizes recommendations by which the U.S. Merchant Marine may be made more effective without increased spending and methods of implementing the reduction of port and transportation costs for the improvement of the United States' international trade position. Recommends an "Incentive Charter System," a new subsidy system, as the primary support for the Merchant Marine in foreign trade. Suggests that marine transportation costs be reduced by: (1) permitting vessel operators to operate outside conferences without prejudicing their subsidy position; (2) integrating land-sea transport through the use of door-to-door freight contracts; (3) adjusting customs' procedures to reduce cargo handling; (4) supporting development of equipment pools; (5) promoting specific container standards; (6) continuing Operations Research based analyses of vessel designs and operations; and (7) improving market forcasting programs. KW - Construction KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Operating subsidies KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026681 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - THE CNSG 2: A CONCEPTUAL MERCHANT SHIP NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGN PY - 1963/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The Babcock and Wilcox Company has designed the Consolidated Nuclear Steam Generator 2 (CNSG 2), improved pressurized water reactor that is more economical than conventional power plants for high shaft horsepower and high load factor applications. The entire primary system is contained in one pressure vessel, resulting in an extremely compact and light system. The refueling cycle is completed in only 10 days. The CNSG 2 design presented here is for 66,000 shaft horsepower, but basic plant information is given for designs of 15,000, 22,000, 30,000 shp.(Author) KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026629 AU - Sullivan, E K AU - Higgins, J A AU - Maritime Administration TI - TEST AND TRIALS OF THE HS DENISON PY - 1963/09 SP - 38 p. AB - Test and trials of the H.S. Denison are described and the following conclusions are presented: 1) hydrofoil ships can operate at speeds in the order of twice that of conventional ships and subcavitiating foil systems can operate at speeds up to 60 knots; 2) hydrid surface piercing configurations with pitch augmentation can be expected to operate satisfactorily in rough water; 3) an operating hydrofoil ship with high useful load to gross displacement ratio can be developed; 4) large right angle drive transmissions, utilizing spiral bevel gears can be successfully developed for use with hydrofoil craft; and 5) retractable hydrofoils greatly expedite maintenance and reduce drag by keeping the foils free of growth, while permitting more flexible operation in shallow water. KW - Hydrofoil performance KW - Hydrofoils KW - Performance KW - Ship trials KW - Subcavitating foils KW - Surface piercing hydrofoils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026639 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH HAZARDS SUMMARY REPORT FOR DOCKSIDE OPERATION PY - 1963/09 SP - 158 p. AB - Following the May 1963 shutdown of the reactor system, the N.S. Savannah's nuclear propulsion plant was maintained in a state of readiness by the operations of the Cold Iron Watch (CIW). The CIW ensured reactor safety, maintained plant readiness by frequent machinery operation, assisted in the maintenance program, and ensured the maintenance of proper water chemistry in all primary, secondary, and auxiliary systems. Further verification of plant readiness was obtained during a period of elevated temperature and pressure operation of the primary and auxiliary systems with the reactor subcritical. It is proposed that the Savannah reactor be operated as a stationary reactor system to check out system operation, make physics measurements, and train personnel. All operations will be performed using established procedures and guides for plant standards, emergency instructions, health physics, and standard operating procedures. KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026608 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE MERCHANT MARINE PY - 1963/09 SP - 173 p. AB - From both commercial and military viewpoints, this study concludes that a high speed nuclear express system promises substantial improvements in the Merchant Marine. The ships in the system would be of the warehouse type, a new concept which is capable of fully utilizing advances in cargo handling, including roll-on/roll-off capability, and yet flexible enough to function in the cargo handling environment of today. It's economic competitiveness with conventional ships on various trade routes is discussed. An evaluation of the consolidated nuclear steam generator (CNSG) reactor and the 630A gas-cooled reactor concludes that both are totally acceptable from the standpoint of safety and applicability to ship propulsion. KW - Cargo handling KW - Economics KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027625 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. REPORT ON IMPROVED SYSTEMS FOR TRADE ROUTE 29 PY - 1963/07/30 SP - 197 p. AB - This is a study on preliminary improved systems for trade route 29, the third of a series of steps comprising the overall Selected Routes Study contract. The system is designed to meet the functional requirements of the route and make evaluations, including estimates of the economics, to indicate the approximate degree of improvement over the conventional system. Various advanced system concepts are reviewed with the objective of selecting those offering the best possibility for improvement of service on the route. Functional requirements call for transportation of specific annual quantities of cargo between California ports and ports in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Okinawa. Three improved systems, capable of carrying "peak voyage" cargo, were devised for the current period, and for 1975 in accordance with anticipated trade demands. This report is based on the "Report on Functional Requirements of an Improved System on Trade Route 29," dated August 10, 1961, which contains supporting background information. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo operations KW - Operations research KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3460 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00026700 JO - ICHCA Journal PB - International Cargo Handling Coordination Assn AU - Andrea, M I AU - International Cargo Handling Coordination Assn TI - DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CARGO HANDLING SYSTEMS INCORPORATED INTO NEW DESIGNS OF U.S. SHIPS DURING THE PAST DECADE PY - 1963/07 IS - 3 SP - p. 24-31 AB - A review of "boom and winch" systems for handling cargo with sketches outlining the various parts. The application to various ships is listed. A simple description is made of the first containership and break - bulk ship designs. KW - Boom design KW - Booms (Lifting equipment) KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Cargo ships KW - Design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026616 AU - MOSS, J L AU - Kim, H C AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - HULL FORM DEVELOPMENT AND RESISTANCE AND PROPULSION TEST RESULTS OF A SERIES OF SHIP HULLS HAVING EXTREME "V" SECTIONS PY - 1963/07 SP - 137 p. AB - Hull forms were tested in an exploration of the effects of "V" forms on resistance, propulsion, and stability within and beyond the limits of design currently in practice in the United States. The sectional curves of the Series parent forms were retained along with the parent profiles within practical limits. Models were built and tested for both EHP and SHP. The geometric properties of the UM propeller models are listed in tables and compared with those of the parent propeller models, and additional tables list the particulars of the ship models. The differences in SHP and other propulsion components between the "U" form and the "V" form for the finer hulls seem excessive and are thought to reflect some scale effects not understood. Therefore the report is not considered a final statement of accurate results for at least the finer hulls, and further investigation is warranted. KW - Fluid resistance KW - Hull forms KW - Hull resistance KW - Hull testing KW - Hulls KW - Performance KW - Propeller performance KW - Propellers KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026609 AU - General Electric TI - DESIGN CRITERIA MARITIME PROTOTYPE TEST FACILITY (SECOND ISSUE) PY - 1963/06/18 SP - 33 p. AB - Design criteria are provided for the construction of a maritime prototype test facility (MPTF) at Test Area North, National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho. The MPTF is a single purpose, isolation type installation consisting of the test building enclosing the 630 nuclear steam generator, an auxiliary test equipment building, and control and equipment building. This report covers requirements for acceptance of design and records; operational and design considerations; a detailed description including functions, relationship and construction features of the major components of the MPTF; and general design and constructional requirements. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026703 AU - Delicate, W S AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR SAFEGUARDS REPORT FOR CORE 2 PY - 1963/06 SP - 106 p. AB - The design and anticipated operating characteristics for the N.S. Savannah reactor replacement core (Core 2) are reviewed and have been compared with Core 1 features. The application and use of core 2 in the N.S. Savannah plant, relative to the effect of its differences with Core 1 on the health and safety of the crew and general public, are evaluated in this report. The analysis of potential accidents considers both system malfunctions and capsize contingency. Based on this study, the differences attributed to Core 2 design do not significantly alter the existing safety margins; operation of the N.S. Savannah at a steady-state power of 80 MW with Core 2 fuel does not present undue hazard to the public or to the ship and its occupants. KW - Nuclear fuel cycles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Reactor fuel cycle KW - Refueling KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026678 AU - Hughes, O F AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF ARTICULATED SHIPS PY - 1963/06 SP - 117 p. AB - Using two computer simulation models as a means of evaluation, this presents the results of a study on the feasibility of the articulated ship concept in comparison with conventional ship types. An articulated ship is a vessel made up of a single powerplant section and several independent, detachable cargo sections which may be used as barges. No consideration is given to engineering feasibility or to a specific design. The first model was designed to consider economic factors primarily and simulates only very simple operational characteristics. A direct comparison is given between articulated and conventional vessels on the basis of capital Recovery Factor for a total of 1800 cases. Much more realistic operation, allowing for stochastic fluctuations in many quantities, unrestricted trade patterns, and Poisson cargo generation were simulated in the second model. The study concludes that for the same number of vessels per fleet and the same bale cubic per vessel, an articulated fleet can carry almost twice as much per year as a conventional fleet. It is also superior for all normal values of bale cubic, and for most values of voyage distance except the combination of very long voyages with a large number of ports and large amounts of cargo. KW - Economic analysis KW - Naval architecture KW - Ship design KW - Shipbuilding KW - Simulation KW - Tug barge systems KW - Tug ship interaction KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3214 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026635 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1963/05 SP - 51 p. AB - Significant design and operating limitations pertaining to the N.S. Savannah reactor are presented. Included are the specifications for site, containment, primary coolant system, steam and propulsion system, reactor core, safety and control systems, ventilation and waste disposal, reactor emergency cooling system, administrative and procedural safeguards, and emergency equipment. Any facility changes, procedural changes, or tests may be made by the Operating Agent if kept within the confines of the technical specifications. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026627 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1963/04/24 SP - 13 p. AB - Operating specifications of the NS Savannah are presented. Limitations pertaining to reactor operation, and reactor accident procedures are discussed. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026634 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - PORT OPERATING PLAN FOR HOUSTON, TEXAS PY - 1963/04/20 SP - 18 p. AB - An on-site survey of the Houston, Texas port was made to determine adequate facilities to accommodate the N.S. Savannah and to consider the special requirements necessary due to the nuclear aspects of the ship. The port is at the terminal end of a 45-mile long dredged channel. The controlling factor of the water level is wind rather than tidal action, with the most frequent water level at 3 to 4 feet above sea level. The roles of port authorities and various organizations who will be involved in the visitation are discussed. Evacuation procedures are to be carried out by the ship's crew, special auxiliary police, and the port police. The calculated potential total population dose is presented in tabular form. Remote anchorage is planned for the Gulf of Mexico, 10 miles distant from Galveston harbor. Public visitation on board the ship is strictly supervised. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - Ship operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026610 AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - REACTOR COMPONENTS VIBRATION ON NS SAVANNAH PY - 1963/04 SP - 20 p. AB - A vibration survey of selected items in the containment vessel of the N.S. Savannah was conducted as one of a series of tests to study the vibration characteristics of the ship. This is the second vibration survey of the containment vessel. Results of the first trial are presented in the Model Basin Technical Note SML-760-29 of May 1962. Tests were performed on the hydraulic and solid bar type vibration dampers used to surpress vibration of some of the containment vessel components. The results are presented in graphs which also include those results obtained in previous tests for easier comparison. KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ships KW - Surveys KW - Vibration KW - Vibration surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026602 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - STUDY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE FEATURES FOR WAREHOUSE SHIP PY - 1963/03/25 SP - 9 p. AB - A comparison of two potential warehouse ships is presented. National Defense Design A provides space for carrying about one-sixth of the cargo required by one division, but contains no troop space. National Defense Design B provides personnel and cargo space for approximately eleven percent of one division. Included are reference plans of both types of ship in addition to one of commercial design. KW - Cargo ships KW - Defense shipping KW - Military shipments KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027621 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS REPORT ON IMPROVED SYSTEMS FOR TRADE ROUTE 10 PY - 1963/03/15 SP - 123 p. AB - Part of a series on operations analysis for maritime transportation systems, this report describes improved systems for Trade Route 10, U.S. North Atlantic to the Mediterranean. The two improved systems are based on one ship type, the Warehouse Ship, and each is evaluated against a corresponding "base" system using a conventional ship type representative of present replacement programs for Mediterranean service. Results of the economic evaluations of the improved and based systems are summarized with respect to transportation costs, capital costs, capital recovery factors, and subsidy; and the two improved systems are definitely superior. It is concluded that serious consideration should be given to further development of the study of this route. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026671 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE MERCHANT MARINE-SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1963/03/15 SP - 41 p. AB - The position of the U.S. Merchant Marine in today's commerical and political environment is analyzed, and in general found to be deficient with respect to the needs of the U.S. Goverment, both military and non-military, and to the needs of the shipper and ship operator. The characteristics of a marine transportation system which would be responsive to the demands of the national interests are developed. This system is based on privately owned and operated high speed nuclear powered ships. Two different reactor concepts are evaluated for the new system, the Babcock & Wilcox Consolidated Nuclear Steam Generator (CNSG), and the General Electric Company's gas-cooled reactor (630 A). The CNSG is a development of existing proven pressurized water-cooled and water-moderated reactor technology, with a very low fuel cycle cost, and is recommended for maritime nuclear propulsion plants for construction in the immediate future. It is concluded, however, that because of its extreme versatility, its essential economic parity, and its very desirable safety characteristics, the 630 A reactor plant offers a much greater potential for future maritime applications. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026641 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS, MAY 1962 THROUGH MARCH 1963 PY - 1963/03/15 SP - 140 p. AB - A summary is presented of the overall performance of the reactor plant and of the ship during the nine month period specified. Also included are details of manning, the organization of a shoreside engineering and ship support group, servicing and maintenance facilities, and certain administrative features of the program. Among the changes being made are: 1) a new, improved reactor compartment ventilation system is being installed; 2) the radiation monitoring system is being replaced with one which will result in greater instrument sensitivities; 3) to eliminate a partial scramming of control rods, a change in the reactor scram system is being incorporated; 4) to incorporate a high pressure reactor scram at 2000 psig, a second change to the scram circuit is being made, and a revised pump current monitor scram circuit is being installed; and 5) modifications are being made to the take home motor system. KW - Crew size KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Radiation monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026675 AU - Banham, J W AU - Navy Boiler and Turbine Laboratory TI - ANALOG COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ALLIS-CHALMERS/COMBUSTION ENGINEERING 20,000 SHP SELF-REGULATING STEAM GENERATOR PY - 1963/03/04 SP - 92 p. AB - In a program designed to reduce costs of merchant ship construction and operation, a concept for a self regulating shipboard steam generating system was developed. An analog computer study was made to evaluate the characteristics of such a system under transient load conditions. Results of the study indicated satisfactoriness of the general principles of the system but indicated that some additional automation is required to obtain optimum transient response without excessive deviation of the controlled variables. It was also determined that the design of the boiler is such that a problem with excessive boiler water level excursions caused by inherent "shrink and swell" may exist. Alleviation of this condition can be expected to improve the self regulatory performance of the plant. KW - Analog computers KW - Boiler design KW - Boilers KW - Regulation KW - Steam KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam regulation KW - Transient analysis KW - Transient analyzers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026636 AU - Crouter, D E AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH 500 FULL POWER HOUR TESTS PY - 1963/03 SP - 55 p. AB - The measurements and testing performed on the N.S. Savannah after 500.5 effective full power hours of reactor operation are described. Zero and low power tests were performed at five core temperatures and included (1) determination of critical rod positions; (2) control rod calibration checks; (3) measurement of the temperature and power coefficients of reactivity; and (4) nuclear instrumentation calibration. Although these tests are less detailed and extensive than those previously performed, they provide a substantial basis for assessing core characteristics and the adequacy of related plant operating procedures from the standpoint of both efficiency and safety. The results indicate agreement with expected trends and/or variations in core nuclear characteristics. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027660 AU - Bentkowsky, J AU - Sperry Piedmont Company TI - SHIP'S BRIDGE CONTROL CONSOLE SYSTEM PY - 1963/02/20 SP - 53 p. AB - Report describes a ship's bridge control console system design sufficiently flexible for use in all ships and trades and concluded to be the optimum combination of equipment needed to carry out the ship's bridge functions in a safe, practical and economically realistic fashion. Details are given for the function, operation, and principal of the ship motion predictor, an experimental equipment developed for this prototype program. The predictor is a device for detecting incipiently dangerous conditions caused by heavy seas, predicting an optimum course of action, and evaluating the result of the corrective action without a trial and error period. The console is also discussed in terms of human engineering principles and operator performance capability. KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Consoles KW - Control consoles KW - Human factors engineering KW - Integrated systems KW - Ship motion KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026672 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - STEAMSHIP CONFERENCES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF CONTAINER TRAFFIC PY - 1963/02/14 SP - 47 p. AB - An important factor affecting the development of the use of containers and of other improvements in maritime cargo transport systems is the nature and aims of the "conferences" or associations to which most liner operators belong. Conferences in general are discussed, and the particulars of containers, their rules, regulations and practices are presented. The conservative nature of conferences, and their domination by foreign flag operators, who have less to gain from the use of containers than do U.S. flag operators, discourages increases in container traffic and other system improvements. To bypass the inhibiting effects of the conferences it is recommended that U.S. flag operators be permitted to decide for themselves whether or not to join conferences, and that conference membership should not be a prerequisite in order to qualify for subsidy. KW - Conference operations KW - Conference rates KW - Container traffic KW - International shipping policies KW - International trade KW - Policy KW - Shipping conferences UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026617 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - SUMMARY OF NINE POLICY REPORTS PY - 1963/02/14 SP - 128 p. AB - Nine policy reports on the U.S. Merchant Marine are summarized, dealing with the reduction of port costs, an improved system of maintaining the Merchant Marine, and the limitations and improvement of current foreign-trade forcasting procedures. Appendix A presents a brief summary of the results of the analysis of the selected trade routes. The result of the Operations Research simulation program are presented in Appendix B, along with a description of the operation of the Marad Simulation Model. Supporting data for the main body of the report are given in the last appendix. Recommendations are offered for greater economy and efficiency. KW - Economic forecasting KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Operations research KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026619 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - PROBLEMS OF MAINTAINING AN AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE PY - 1963/02/11 SP - 115 p. AB - In conjunction with a separate report entitled "Draft Report on Maritime Subsidy" (Jan. 30, 1963), this report assesses the problem of maintaining an American Merchant Marine. A tentative set of specifications for any new system is outlined, followed by a tentative application of those specifications to the Incentive Charter System. Four other major topics are discussed in separate appendices: cargo preference, labor management relations, the nature of the U.S. owned foreign flag fleet, and the legal issues involved in the so-called "flag of convenience cases" before the Supreme Court. The material is all in draft form without editorial integration. KW - Cargo preference KW - Financing KW - Flags of convenience KW - Labor relations KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Operating subsidies KW - Ship financing KW - Ship operations KW - Ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026622 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - PROPOSED REGULATORY CHANGES TO PROMOTE INTEGRATED SEA AND LAND TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS PY - 1963/02/11 SP - 116 p. AB - This report discusses the desirability of an integrated transport system for a through service of shipments between points in the U.S. and other countries, a single bill of lading, and a single-factor through rates. Discussion is confined to what Congress, the U.S. carriers, and others involved in the export-import trade can do to establish through arrangements between U.S. cities and overseas ports. It is recommended that all modes of transport serving the U.S. should, either voluntarily or if necessary by legislative requirement, issue uniform through export bills of lading, and that legislation be passed to enable the publishing of single-factor through rates which include U.S. inland charges, U.S. port charges, steamship charges to overseas ports, and insurance. Other suggestions for developing an integrated transportation system are made including a detailed discussion of container cargo and the need to streamline container shipping regulations. KW - Bills of lading KW - Container shipping guide KW - Container traffic KW - Intermodal shipments KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Rates KW - Shipments KW - Systems analysis KW - Throughrates KW - Trade restrictions KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026620 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - EQUIPMENT POOLS AND SYSTEMS PY - 1963/02/07 SP - 106 p. AB - International container and pallet pools are proposed to combat the port barrier. These pools would consist of an aggregate of containers from many foreign participants under the same controls and common liability. Direct governmental supervision is not recommended for a true pool system. This report includes discussions of eight existing pools and diagrams of their equipment. KW - Car pooling (Railroads) KW - Constraints KW - Container pooling KW - Containers KW - Palletized cargo KW - Pallets KW - Port finance KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027906 AU - Dodson AU - Lester, F C AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP SAVANNAH - A LIST OF PUBLICATIONS PREPARED BY THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY PY - 1963/02 SP - 33 p. AB - This document is a bibliographic listing of all reports, documents, technical papers and talks made by Babcock and Wilcox Company Employees concerning their effort in connection with the Nuclear Ship Savannah. KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026625 AU - Howard, G S AU - Leuthold, J E AU - Sosa, F AU - Vetere, A M AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation TI - MARITIME GAS COOLED REACTOR PROJECT ON COMPRESSOR MODEL TEST PY - 1963/02 SP - 107 p. AB - As a part of the Maritime Gas-Cooled Reactor (MGCR) compressor development program, a four stage full scale mode of the intermediate stages of the high pressure compressor was tested in a variable density tunnel. The mode was tested on air and data were generated for use in the design of prototype compressors for the MGCR turbomachinery. A total of twenty-six configurations of the same basic blading were tested and results indicate that a blade path efficiency of 87 percent is attainable. KW - Blades (Machinery) KW - Compressors KW - Design KW - Gas cooled reactors KW - Gas turbines KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026618 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - MARITIME SUBSIDY, DRAFT REPORT PY - 1963/01/30 SP - 51 p. AB - A maritime subsidy system, called the Incentive Charter System, is discussed as an alternative to the current subsidy methods. It is tentatively concluded that this system is superior to the current method and preferable to the alternatives which are also discussed. The Incentive Charter System relies on the use of vessel charters in which the U.S. Government charters vessels on a competitive bid basis to qualified operators and contracts for the construction of vessels by shipyards. Through the use of the system, an efficient use of American resources is assured, provided than an adequate choice of vessel types is made available in the bidding process to the prospective operators and shipbuilders. The system appears to be a desirable replacement for the current construction and operating differential subsidies, and may be expanded to replace all other forms of aid given to the Merchant Marine. KW - Chartering KW - Merchant fleet operation KW - Operating subsidies KW - Shipbuilding KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026615 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CONTAINER STANDARDS PY - 1963/01/24 SP - 41 p. AB - A report on container standards concludes that such standardization is essential if the potential benefits to be derived from the increased use of containers are to be realized. The promulgation of standard dimensions for large containers by the American Standards Association is noted, and the acceptance of American Standard containers throughout the world is forecast. It is concluded that the U.S. government should encourage the use of standard containers in U.S. domestic and foreign commerce. KW - Cargo handling KW - Container design KW - Container standards KW - Container surveys KW - Containers KW - Design KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026686 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - SUPPLEMENTARY PORT ANALYSIS REPORT. PANAMA CANAL. BALBOA VISITATION AND NORTHBOUND TRANSIT PY - 1963/01/10 SP - 16 p. AB - A supplementary port analysis report for the Panama Canal is presented, dealing with a Balboa visitation and northbound transit of the N.S. Savannah. Principal fields of investigation include: approaches to the harbor; pier and dock facilities; port fire control capability; tug size, number, and availability; water characteristics based on tidal conditions; communications between various agencies such as tug companies, Coast Guard, Civil Defense, police and fire departments; police control of crowds and ability to disperse and evacuate crowds; and the possibility of quick departure of the ship from its berth to a remote anchorage in emergency situations. Port and emergency procedures are outlined. KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Marine terminals KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Panama Canal KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Ship operations KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026624 AU - Rohr, C A AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation TI - MARITIME GAS COOLED REACTOR PROJECT ON HOOD AND DIFFUSER TESTS PY - 1963/01 SP - 131 p. AB - This report summarizes the development and evaluation by model test of four stationary components comprising gas flow passages in the Maritime Gas-Cooled Reactor (MGCR) turbomachinery. Individual reports are provided on high pressure turbine scroll, compressor and turbine diffusers and exhaust hoods, and high pressure to low pressure turbine cross-over flow passage. KW - Design KW - Gas cooled reactors KW - Gas turbines KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026612 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SPECIFICATION FOR THE NS SAVANNAH CONTROL AND FOLLOWER RODS FOR CORE 3 PY - 1963/01 SP - 13 p. AB - Specifications are presented for the cruciform composite control rods to be used with Savannah Core 3. The rods are fabricated from stainless steel and boron-modified stainless steel and have a Zircaloy-2 follower rod attached. Core 3 rods are to be dimensionally identical to those fabricated for core 1. Specifications include materials, fabrication, quality control requirements, required reports, marking, packing and shipping, and inspection and certification. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026642 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - INLAND AND MARITIME TRANSPORTATION OF UNITIZED CARGO PY - 1963 SP - 88 p. AB - A comparative economic analysis of van, pallet, and conventional break-bulk systems for maritime general cargo from shipper to consignee. The study analyzes the effects of variations in cargo stowage factor, van or pallet utilization, and unitizing location upon total cost, including packaging and claims. The report also assesses the impact of system change upon the shipper, inland and ocean carriers, stevedore, and marine terminal operator. For the warehousemen, truck drivers, and longshore personnel, the impact is measured in terms of changes in man-hours and earnings per ton. Those who are considering the use of vans or pallets in their own operations can use the methods demonstrated in this study, in conjunction with their own cost data, to decide whether the potential economic benefits are worth the financial risk involved. This study is a sequel to Publication 745 which examines, in detail, the pier-to-pier movement. KW - Cargo handling KW - Economic analysis KW - Unitized cargo UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026621 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - TRADE/CARGO FORECASTING PY - 1963 SP - 144 p. AB - Improved foreign trade methodologies are evaluated under various maritime policy alternatives. An analytical inventory of economic forecasts and forecasting parameters developed outside the maritime industry is provided together with a systematic method for relating this economic information to historical trends in U.S. marine transportation. A sample forecast of the U.S. foreign trade pattern is developed for 1970 and 1985. KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic forecasting KW - Forecasting KW - Foreign KW - International trade KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026701 AU - Fixman, C M AU - Maritime Administration TI - OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND SHIP DESIGN PY - 1963 SP - p. 112-126 AB - The Maritime Administration's Directed Research Program in part is directed toward Operations Research. Heart of this program is the development of a mathematical model for use in a computer to simulate the operations of a fleet of ships. Part of this model will be directed toward improving ship design so it can best serve the fleet operational needs. KW - Cargo movement KW - Computerized scheduling KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Scheduling KW - Ship operations KW - Ship simulators KW - Simulated ship operation KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026649 AU - Murphy, R D AU - Sabat, D J AU - Taylor, R J AU - Maritime Administration TI - LEAST COST SHIP CHARACTERISTICS BY COMPUTER TECHNIQUES PY - 1963 SP - 132 p. AB - This paper presents a systematic procedure utilizing computer techniques to determine the optimum combination of Length, Beam, Draft, Block Coefficient and Depth to satisfy a predetermined 'least cost' criterion for a dry cargo ship, which will meet a given set of Owner's Requirements for Speed, Fueling Range, Stowage Factor and Cargo Deadweight. The 'least cost' ship is obtained from a family of ships resulting from the permutation of four values each of five basic design variables. Selection of the 'least cost' ship is dependent upon the computer programming of standard preliminary design processes. The procedure is so designed that only those ships consistent with good design practice and existing regulatory requirements will be considered. The methodology, examples of actual applications and analysis of results obtained, are the principle features of the paper. The listing of the IBM 7090 program, developed for the determination of the 'least cost' ship, is included. KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship motion KW - Ship speed prediction KW - Ship stability KW - Ships by size KW - Speed KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026607 AU - Eccleston, D J AU - Carrico, P E AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - FOREIGN REGULATION OF NUCLEAR SHIPS. NS SAVANNAH TRAINEE SEMINARS - LEGAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR POWER OPERATION PY - 1963 SP - 31 p. AB - Seminar presentation covers four areas of foreign regulation of nuclear ships. Part 1, Bases of International Maritime Conventions and Regulations, discusses limitation of shipowners liability convention, the Public Vessel Act, and safety conventions including the Loadline Convention, SOLAS, and rules of the road. Part 2, International Atomic Energy Conventions and Regulations, discusses the need and the OECB, EURATOM, Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Brussels Conventions, International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP), and application of national transportation regulation and their compatibility. Savannah Acceptance Agreements, Part 3, describes the standard form used as the basic document for the negotiating team, approved agreements, agreements in negotiation, and overtures to Turkey. A summary of steps taken before a nuclear ship approaches a given foreign port is given in Part 4. KW - International shipping policies KW - International trade KW - Legal constraints KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026566 AU - Barrett, J M AU - Carrico, P E AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. SUMMARY REPORT OF VOLUMES 2 THROUGH 5 PY - 1962/12 SP - 60 p. AB - Five volumes assessing N.S. Savannah safety are summarized, dealing with engineering and construction, operations, radiological health, analyses of hypothetical accidents, and reactor system tests and sea trials. Particular safety features studied include: reactor system containment; containment vessel isolation; radioactive waste control; shielding; radiation monitoring; power plant reliability; operability of the power plant with failed fuel elements; emergency propulsion, steam, and electric power; reactor decay heat removal; reactor shutdown; ship maneuvering rates; centralized power plant control; ship movement; and protection of the rector system from chlorides. Figures and tables, comprising a large part of the report, provide data such as ship and reactor characteristics, training and organization, flow diagrams, component and containment vessel arrangement, and radiation monitoring. KW - Crashes KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Nuclear fuel cycles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Reactor fuel cycle KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026472 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - WORLD WIDE CUSTOMS CONDITIONS PY - 1962/12 SP - 69 p. AB - For door-to-door containerization to be achieved internationally, procedures at ports and frontiers must allow foreign containerized cargo to move unhindered by customs from point of origin to point of destination. Customs procedures in various nations as they affect containerization are provided, as well as the likelihood of foreign containerized cargo being shipped through the ports and to a point inland in the respective countries. Examination of customs procedures on a trade group basis is included. Customs procedures in many countries permit extensive public and private bonded warehousing operations outside the port area; therefore, customs procedures at these ports should not interfere with the inland inspection of containerized dutiable cargo. Questions were asked each nation concerning passage of foreign goods in foreign containers through a port of entry to an inland destination to be inspected by customs inspectors; inspection of goods exported in foreign containers at their point of origin inland and passage through the port without customs interference; the degree of freedom foreign containers can move within a country; and the rate of duty, if any, on a foreign container. KW - Container operations KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containers KW - Customs administration KW - International KW - International shipping policies KW - International trade KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Tariffs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027622 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS REPORT ON IMPROVED SYSTEMS FOR TRADE ROUTE 8 PY - 1962/11/15 SP - 197 p. AB - A study on preliminary improved systems for trade route 8 is designed to meet the functional requirements of the route and make evaluations, including estimates of the economics, to indicate the approximate degree of improvement over the conventional system. Various advanced system concepts are reviewed with the objective of selecting those offering the best possibility for improvement of service on the route. The selection of trade route 8 was heavily influenced by the degree to which mechanization, automation, and technological improvements could be utilized, and the opportunity for an expanded share of trade. The physical characteristics of the trade, the route, the ports, and their inland transportation links, as well as the attitudes of government, labor and industry appear amenable to the initiation of new systems. This report is based on the "Report on Functional Requirements of an Inproved System on Trade Routes 7 & 8", dated April 27, 1962, which contains supporting background information. KW - Cargo flow KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026478 AU - Stein Seal Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPORT ON FIRST CORROSION TEST WITH AN NMSR BUFFER SEAL AND SHAFT SECTION AS RECEIVED FROM NEW YORK SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION PY - 1962/11/12 SP - 47 p. AB - Tests determined the corrosive effect of rust, scale, and other detritus which accumulated on the seal rings of the buffer seal in the Savannah during an extended period when the rods were inactive but under pressure during pre-fueling test programs. Examination of one rod withdrawn prior to system cleanup indicated corrosion on the chrome plate of the seal shaft at the upstream edge of the upstream rings on the atmospheric side of the injection water inlet. A static corrosion test of the buffer seals simulated the conditions of crud plus immobility experienced during the shipboard tests. Test specimens contained dirt and contaminants accumulated during the pre-fueling tests. A second test determined the effect of water of reactor purity on an "A" clean NMSR buffer seal and shaft with the shaft restrained in a static position. Except for the cleanliness of the buffer seal and shaft, test conditions and apparatus were the same as those used in the first test. A third test, designed to separate the corrosion effects of pure water and of scale and dirt, evaluated the effect of reduced flow rate with water of reactor quality in a clean buffer seal and shaft without shaft motion. KW - Control systems KW - Corrosion tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Seals (Devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026462 AU - Stein Seal Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT ON TESTS OF GUIDE BUSHINGS FOR BUFFER SEALS PY - 1962/11/02 SP - 33 p. AB - The results of tests to investigate the suitability of materials for guide bushing service in buffer seals for high pressure water reactors are reported. The Stellite #3 guide bushings tested performed satisfactorily, while it was determined that the Teflon lined bushing must be discounted because of Telflon's high coefficient of thermal expansion which could cause severe dimensional changes during reactor operation. Of the atmospheric seal materials evaluated, it was found that the Raybestos-Manhattan "V" rings #1216 of asbestos impregnated with Buna-N was superior. Descriptions of the tests and related figures, tables, and photographs are provided. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Seal materials KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026471 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - US CUSTOMS REGULATIONS AND THEIR EFFECT ON DOOR-TO-DOOR CONTAINER OPERATIONS PY - 1962/11/01 SP - 51 p. AB - The flow of containerized cargo among countries is obstructed by customs regulations. Existing U.S. Customs offices in Canada, Bermuda, Nassau and the Bahamas permit goods to pass through U.S. ports without any delay. The same arrangement is possible at other foreign locations from which substantial quantities of containerized goods are exported. This would bring about uninterrupted shipment from the point of origin abroad to the point of destination in the United States. Sufficient volume from a particular point of orgin would warrant the presence of a U.S. Customs examiner. A description of present import and export systems and an evaluation of container operations are provided, as well as a description of needed adjustments. KW - Cargo movement KW - Container operations KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containers KW - Customs administration KW - Freight transportation KW - International KW - Operations KW - Tariffs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026547 AU - Rosser, R M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH UPGRADING ANALOG COMPUTER ANALYSIS PY - 1962/11 SP - 197 p. AB - Transient performance of the N.S. Savannah reactor plant was analyzed by analog computer. Analysis included the control and safety system actions required to prevent plant damage following operating and accident transients, and the possible simplification of the safety system. Accidents of greater severity, automatic limiting advices to preclude safety action, and realistic parameters based on operating experience were considered. The automatic limiting action (corrective action of less severity and reliability than a scram) stopped undesirable rod withdrawal or inserted rods at normal control speeds. Combined with safety action, forming the graded protective system, it also stopped scram at high speed which automatically limited excursions from normal operating conditions. Comparison between computer results and actual Savannah testing indicated analog simulation is reliable for transient studies. Present rod rates available to the controller were found adequate and safe, and installation of the graded protective system did not appear justified. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Simulated power plants KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026489 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - PROCEDURES MANUAL. VOLUME 1: HEALTH PHYSICS, QUALITY CONTROL, AND WASTE HANDLING PROCEDURES PY - 1962/11 VL - 1 SP - 287 p. AB - Procedures are detailed for health physics, quality control and waste handling in relation to the N.S. Savannah. A Health Physics Department has been established within the servicing and maintenance organization for the N.S. Savannah to provide the proper protection of personnel and property from the hazards associated with the presence of radioactive materials. The department's organization and personnel responsibilities are described. Procedures are given for controlled areas, personnel monitoring and protection, radiological surveys, environmental monitoring, radiological instrumentation, decontamination, radioactive material and control, completion and use of health physics records and forms, and radiation incidents and emergencies. Quality control procedures are given on cleanliness, welding, inspection, and testing of various components. Waste handling procedures are given for removal, transfer, storage, processing, and replacement of waste material; decontamination of radioactive components, tools and equipment; and handling of contaminated components and protective clothing. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Quality control KW - Radiation doses KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Radiological safety KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026490 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - PROCEDURES MANUAL. VOLUME 2: MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR PROCEDURES PY - 1962/11 VL - 2 SP - 310 p. AB - Procedures are detailed for maintenance and repair of the N.S. Savannah. Instructions are given for connecting shore power, steam and water to the ship; drydocking the ship; and removing and replacing, inspecting, repairing, installing and disassembling various power plant components. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Repairing KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ship repair KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026492 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - ANALYSIS OF THE TRAFFIC BETWEEN SELECTED EUROPEAN PORTS AND THEIR HINTERLANDS PY - 1962/11 SP - 62 p. AB - An analysis is made of the traffic between the following European ports and their hinterlands: Rotterdam, Antwerp, Genoa, Marseille, Naples, Livorno, and Barcelona. The percentage of traffic between each port and its hinterland carried by railroad, truck, or barges and the origin or destination of the traffic is determined and statistically presented. KW - Cargo movement KW - Freight transportation KW - International trade KW - Port surveys KW - Ports KW - River ports KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3108 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026479 AU - Stein Seal Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPORT ON "O" RING TEST PY - 1962/10/30 SP - 6 p. AB - Leakage and high temperature effects were observed on the "O" rings installed in a reactor prototype buffer seal. Using 48-181 compound Parker "O" rings, the lower end of the housing was held at 350 F for 168 hours; water pressure was maintained at 1800 psig using city drinking water; and the capsule housing was plugged at the orifice opening and lantern ring openings. No leakage was observed during periodic checking of the test. A diagram showing the arrangement of the test apparatus is provided. KW - Control systems KW - Equipment tests KW - High temperature KW - High temperature research KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Research KW - Seals (Devices) KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026508 AU - McCurdy, H C AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - STATUS OF THE MARITIME REACTOR PROGRAM ORNL JUNE 1, 1962 TO OCTOBER 1, 1962 PY - 1962/10/02 SP - 15 p. AB - The outcome of a series of in-place filter tests on the emergency and normal ventilation system of the reactor compartment is reported, and an evaluation of the consequence of the N.S. Savannah MCA (maximum credible accident) in port is presented. Results of the shielding survey confirm that dose rates in the passenger and crew areas exceed the specified limits at only one point. Also, material is presented on the measurement of fission product activities in samples taken from the pressurized water loop. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026542 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH REPLACEMENT CONTROL ROD DRIVES SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 1: DESCRIPTION PY - 1962/10 VL - 1 SP - 313 p. AB - The safeguard report for describing N.S. Savannah replacement control rod drives is presented. Two sections deal with (1) description of replacement drive, vessel head, and support systems and (2) rod drive reliability. Design criteria and the general system are outlined along with details of the electrical system, mechanisms, principles of operation, safety features, and construction materials. Design justification, qualification, and experience are also discussed. Illustrations are included for mechanisms and assembly, relay diagrams, and test set-ups. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Spare parts KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026491 AU - General Electric AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - INTEGRATED GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT DESIGN STUDY PY - 1962/10 SP - 60 p. AB - The results of the first six months work on an integrated gas turbine power plant design study are presented. Phase 1 of the study resulted in the selection of the regenerative cycle, two shaft gas turbine design as best suited to marine propulsion service. This design was evaluated as offering the optimum balance between first cost, maintenance requirements, operating ease and fuel. In the transmission study, the possiblities for simplification and cost reduction offered by an axial flow reversing turbine are promising, and further study is recommended. Development work in fuel treatment, metallurgy, and design is also recommended. KW - Electric power plants KW - Gas turbines KW - Operating costs KW - Power plant design KW - Propulsion KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026465 AU - Stein Seal Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPORT ON TESTS OF PERFORMANCE OF BUFFER SEAL FOR CONTROL RODS OF NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR PY - 1962/09/24 SP - 49 p. AB - The results of the tests reported reaffirm the conclusions of the first life test of the Nuclear Merchant Ship Reactor buffer seal and provide further assurance that, with respect to control of leakage, durability of parts, and overall operability, the design and the materials in which it is embodied are completely satisfactory for their intended service. No appreciable differences were found in wearability, or general durability due to the change in age hardening of the buffer seal shaft material from the 900-950 F to the 1100 F condition. Tests are described and related blueprints, photographs, and tables are provided. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026537 AU - Anderson, T D AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION TI - A THERMAL ANALYSIS OF ZIRCALOY FUEL-ELEMENT CONTAINERS FOR THE NS SAVANNAH REACTOR PY - 1962/09/21 SP - 42 p. AB - Zircaloy is considered as a substitute for stainless steel in the fuel-element containers for the N.S. Savannah reactor. A thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature distributions in the Zircaloy fuel-element container walls and spacer bars; these temperature distributions were obtained primarily for use in evaluating thermal stresses. The equations for temperature in the fuel-element coolant, control-rod coolant, and container walls were derived. Gamma-roy energy deposition rates in the Ziracaloy components were calculated. Three-dimensional temperature distributions in the spacer bars were obtained from numerical solutions of the heat-conduction equation. Results are presented in the form of temperature-profile curves for each component and for three reactor operating conditions.(Author) KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Temperature measurement KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026466 AU - Stein Seal Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPORT ON TEST OF STELLITE #3 GUIDE BUSHINGS WITH H1025 AND H1100 SHAFTS FOR BUFFER SEALS PY - 1962/09/21 SP - 33 p. AB - Tests determine the wearability of two chrome plated 17-4 PH shafts in guide bushing service for buffer seal applications on water reactor control rods. Age hardening specifications in ranges of 1015 - 1035 degrees and 1075 - 1100 degrees made mechanical straightening unnecessary. Each test provided 25,000 feet of travel of a dummy seal shaft with a 3-inch stroke over each wear point. The shaft was supported in two fixed bushings with a 120-pound loaded floating bushing between them. The tests were conducted with water of reactor purity taken from the loop for the buffer seal tests. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Seal materials KW - Sealing compounds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026493 AU - Feeny, R W AU - Smith, T G AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - A PROGRAMMING SYSTEM FOR NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED FLAME CUTTING OF SHIPS' PARTS PY - 1962/09/10 SP - 46 p. AB - A mew machining control system involving numerical control is applicable to shipyard metal burning and forming operations. Numerical control is the control of a piece of equipment by means of numerical data fed into a director in the form of punched tape, punched cards, or magnetic tape. The director converts this data into electrical impulses which actuate a servo-mechanism creating the motion along the axis of the machine. Tape controlled methods are used for cutting odd shaped parts from flat steel plate. The complexity of shapes, due to the hull contours involved, are handled by automatic computations made by computer routines developed especially for numerical control and shipyard requirements. The APT language (Automatic Programmed Tools) accepts input data in a form the parts programmer can understand and converts it to computer form; performs the necessary arithmetical calculations to convert this data into geometrical lines defining boundaries and intersections; and produces the data in a format understood by the machine director. KW - Flame cutting KW - Flame cutting machines KW - Flame forming KW - Forming KW - Information processing KW - Modernization KW - Numerical control KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026545 AU - Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company AU - Henry (JJ) Company, Incorporated AU - Combustion Engineering, Incorporated TI - INTEGRATED MARINE STEAM TURBINE PROPULSION PLANT PY - 1962/09 SP - 226 p. AB - An integrated marine steam turbine propulsion plant is described. The general concept of the plant is presented, followed by a view of the finally evolved plant, including: arrangement; boiler; turbine-gear-condenser unit; ship's service and auxiliary power; cargo handling power; fuel handling unit; and bilge and ballast, fire, fresh water, sanitary, and control air systems. Further consideration is given to: component preliminary performance characteristics; operating principles and sequence; research history and unqiue features; possible design variations; reliability, maintenance and manning; initial and operating costs; preliminary machinery arrangements; and end results required of a computer simulation of the power plant operation. An appendix gives drawings, sketches, and calculations. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Integrated systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion equipment KW - Steam power plants KW - Steam turbine propulsion KW - Steam turbines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026541 AU - Fisher, L J AU - Gallagher, J J AU - Naval Oceanographic Office TI - GALVESTON CHANNEL DYE DISPERSAL TESTS PY - 1962/09 SP - 72 p. AB - Dye tracer tests were conducted in Galveston Channel to determine the time required to remove or reduce to relatively low concentrations a contaminant from the channel and subsequently from the Galveston Bay complex. The tests consisted of releasing a quantity of rhodamine-b dye into the water and monitoring its dilution and despersion by continuous fluorometric analysis and by aerial photographs of the dye patch. Results of the test are discussed, and a set of empirical dilution factors have been computed. (Author) KW - Contaminants KW - Harbor pollution KW - Harbors KW - Monitoring KW - Pollution KW - Water pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026544 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR FOR MERCHANT SHIP APPLICATION, A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PY - 1962/08 SP - 345 p. AB - A conceptual design for merchant ship application of a consolidated nuclear steam generator (a compact integral boiler reactor fully submerged within a flooded containment tank) is presented. The current conceptual design discussed is accompanied by consideration of the work remaining to be done and the alternative features that would be incorporated in a potential power plant as incentives for the further development of a nuclear powered merchant fleet. Specific sections are provided on: economic perspective; goal and reference designs; reference design description; ship and plant arrangement; economic analysis; research and development; alternate designs; and supporting studies. Appendices deal with specifications and dispersion of radioactivity into the ocean. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026485 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH MARVEL-SCHEBLER INDIVIDUAL ROD MECHANISM TEST DATA PY - 1962/07/31 SP - 464 p. AB - Marvel-Schebler individual rod mechanism test data are given for the N.S. Savannah. The entire report is in tabular form, giving a series of mechanism installation records, and including data on component inspection, assembly, and testing. KW - Control rod mechanisms KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026482 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - SAMPLE TRANSPORTATION CHARGES WITH AND WITHOUT INLAND FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION PY - 1962/07/10 SP - 31 p. AB - Sample transportation charges with and without inland freight consolidation are reported. Three major conclusions are drawn: 1) freight containerization may reduce the transportation charge for the inland U.S. portion of export and import movements and lead to a substantial economy, but it increases the ocean transportation charges: 2) economic feasibility is influenced by shipment size (full-load or split-load) and by minimal distance hauls; 3) due to the ocean surcharge on containerization, it is cheaper to unpack a container on U.S. pier and ship the freight to Europe in break-bulk form. A future work program on integrated land-sea transportation between the U.S. and northeast Europe is proposed. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo operations KW - Containerization KW - Containerized cargo KW - Containerships KW - Economics KW - Freight handling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027594 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 5, PART 1: TEST AND SEA TRIAL REPORTS, SHIP TRIALS PY - 1962/07 VL - 5 IS - Pt1 SP - 425 p. AB - This volume consists of a detailed description of the N.S. Savannah's hull and machinery and the Maritime Administration's Trial Board Report of the Ship's sea trials. A series of four sea trials were performed. During the first trial certain emergency propulsion tests were conducted. The second sea trial was conducted primarily for the purpose of operating the reactor through the 80% power range. One hundred percent operation was achieved on the third sea trial. A fourth sea trial was confined to ship tests, standardization and the maneuvering tests. Machinery name plate data and copies of certificates and documents are provided. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship trials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027595 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 5, PART 2: TEST DATA SEA TRIAL REPORTS, REACTOR SYSTEMS TESTS PY - 1962/07 VL - 5 IS - Pt2 SP - 262 p. AB - This volume consists of eight reports from the N.S. Savannah reactor manufacturer and shipbuilder, the design and engineering consultant laboratory, and from the ship operator. The reactor system test program was divided into five phases. Phase 1 tests demonstrated the adequacy of construction and installation of components, structures, wiring and piping. Phase 2 tests determined the integrity and functional adequacy of all systems insofar as is possible prior to actual operation of the reactor. In Phase 3 the reactor fuel was installed and operations conducted at low power to explore, primarily, the physics of the reactor. Phase 4 tests provided an orderly progression from Phase 2 zero power tests to power operation, including the testing of plant response to transient steam load conditions. In Phase 5, the dockside power operation was continued through 40% of full power. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship trials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026497 AU - Battist, L AU - Winnowski, W S AU - Dieterly, D K AU - Koch, R C AU - Nuclear Science and Engineering Corporation AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - RADIOCHEMISTRY DURING START-UP AND EARLY OPERATION OF THE NUCLEAR SHIP SAVANNAH PY - 1962/07 SP - 85 p. AB - Three general types of radionuclides comprise the radioactivity content of the primary coolant in a pressurized water reactor: fission products, neutron-activated corrosion products, and activation products formed in coolant constituents and impurites. An experimental program correlates the concentrations of these radioactive species in the reactor primary coolant of the N.S. Savannah with important reactor and primary system operating parameters and with radiological safety procedures. It provides data for evaluation, reliability, or performance of specific components of the shipboard reactor plant. Data were required to evaluate the integrity of fuel element cladding, to estimate the uranium contamination of heat transfer surfaces in the core and corrosion in primary system surfaces, and to monitor the performance of the demineralizer, off-gas, and water-purification systems. Additional information was needed to determine base levels for the radioactivity content and any leakage of radioactivity from the primary to the secondary coolant systems, and to ensure that radioactivity concentrations in liquid wastes would not exceed maximum permissible concentrations. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiation monitoring KW - Radiological safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026481 AU - Denero, J V AU - Deville, R E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH THERMAL INSULATION TESTS PY - 1962/06/29 SP - 124 p. AB - A thermal insulation system was developed suitable for the primary and secondary system of the N.S. Savannah with a water atmosphere in the containment. Investigations of a dry insulation system and a wet insulation system were made. Test sections for both systems were tested in a water environment of 140 F to 160 F, while insulating a pipe surface of 520 F to 535 F. Heat loss data was taken for the purpose of evaluating insulation schemes and severity of leaks that wet the insulation. All of the dry system insulations tested under environment conditions were satisfactory as thermal insulation, provided they were kept dry. A suitable wet-system insulation was not completely developed before termination of the test program. KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation shielding KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026533 AU - Crouter, D E AU - Kulynych, G E AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER. NUCLEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF NS SAVANNAH REACTOR PY - 1962/06/15 SP - 70 p. AB - Physics measurements taken on the N.S. Savannah reactor ensured safe plant operation at designed power. Ambient temperature measurements during and immediately following criticality, as well as zero power tests at higher temperatures and pressures up to operating conditions, showed close agreement with design values. Operating coefficient measurements at power were consistent with design: the moderator temperature coefficient was slightly more negative than the isothermal case; the power coefficient fell within the band of doppler coefficients used in the design studies. No major reactivity effects were observed that would cause difficulty in normal operation of the plant. Measurement results indicated reactor behavior conformed closely with expected behavior and could safely be operated for normal maritime service. KW - Design KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026540 AU - Cottrell, W B AU - Kaplan, S I AU - Klepper, O H AU - Anderson, T D AU - Fontana, M H AU - BUCHANAN, J R AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - NS SAVANNAH SITE EVALUATIONS PY - 1962/06/09 SP - 112 p. AB - Exposure of persons in port areas as a result of certain N.S. Savannah accidents has been determined. The Savannah is evaluated by criteria established for stationary nuclear power plants. Determination of exposures includes consideration of the previous operating history of the vessel and the capability of removing it from port in the event of an accident. Ship removal capability from harbors and the lower powers associated with vessel operation in harbor waters combines to permit the exposures to be reduced to relatively small values. Resulting exposures following a maximum credible accident are below the allowable limits set by the Site Criteria Guide, even if no preventive action is taken. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation hazards KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026507 AU - Frisch, FAP AU - Oceanics Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OCEAN CONFERENCE FREIGHT RATE ANALYSIS PY - 1962/06 SP - 149 p. AB - Since this is a pilot study on conference rates, little in-depth discussion is attempted. An effort is made to broadly discuss the various elements, their relative importance, their interaction, and their influence in the final establishment of rates so that some general guideline may be provided for comparison of maritime freight rates between different shipping nations. Almost half of the document is devoted to appendices which supply supportive data on different conferences' rate obligations, range and cargo descriptions, and selected rates. KW - Conference rates KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Freight rates) KW - Freight rates KW - Freight service KW - Freight traffic KW - Rate making KW - Rates KW - Shipping conferences UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027544 AU - Vehicle Research Corporation TI - GROUND EFFECT SHIP DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PART 2: PRELIMINARY DESIGN: PART 3: DEVELOPMENT TESTING PY - 1962/05/31 IS - Pt2,3 SP - 150 p. AB - The first major step in experimental proof of previous analytical results in a program which seeks to provide a practical vehicle is represented in this report. Two basic sections are contained in the report and present results on both preliminary design and development testing. The Preliminary Design Section presents a comprehensive account of the work done to date on the various major aspects of the design. The Development Testing Section presents the experimental data obtained to date on the test program currently underway. Data presented show that: 1) a configuration has been defined which provides for the cargo and passenger space requirements in an envelope which predicts high translational efficiency; 2) the configuration defined is capable of achieving an L/D in excess of 20 in an operational manner; and 3) design work has progressed to a point where the essential structural and operational elements have been defined. KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026495 AU - Batch, M L AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER, KINETIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF N.S. SAVANNAH REACTOR PY - 1962/05/29 SP - 27 p. AB - Spectral noise analysis determines instabilities of the N.S. Savannah reactor at increasing power levels. A spectral power peak at the resonant frequency which increases in amplitude with power level will result in an instability. Two techniques of spectral noise analysis, analog and digital, were performed at eight power levels under various conditions of ship motion. Analog techniques determine the total current in a frequency band which is established by an electronic band-pass filter. A digital recording of chamber current is analyzed using an electronic computer. No indication of reactor instability was observed. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Power KW - Power spectra KW - Spectrum analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026476 AU - Spalaris, C N AU - Megerth, F H AU - Brandt, F A AU - General Electric TI - EVALUATION OF CIMCOOL CONTAMINATION IN NS SAVANNAH CORE 2 END PLUG CONNECTIONS PY - 1962/05/28 SP - 18 p. AB - One of the fuel segments of the assembly prototype for Sav 2-5-G-E was destructively examined after a 3-1/2 month exposure in VBWR. A crack was found through one of the end plug threads, believed to be due to chloride stress corrosion attack. The end connector of the segment was purposely contaminated with Cimcool, a water soluble chlorinated hydrocarbon used as a machining lubricant, followed by an autoclave cleaning cycle. The results observed from the destructive examination and their analysis are presented. These results are also related to the conditions believed to be operating in the N.S. Savannah Core 2. A program, initiated to investigate the effect of chlorides on the end connectors, yields results applicable to the evaluation of Core 2 fuel performance. KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion cracking KW - Cracking KW - Destructive testing KW - Fuel elements KW - Mechanical tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026534 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION TESTING AND PERFORMANCE FROM PRE-FUELING CHECK TO 100 PERCENT POWER PY - 1962/05/25 SP - 15 p. AB - Pre-operational tests and operational calibration of the nuclear instrumentation and safety systems were carried out for the N.S. Savannah. Pre-startup equipment check ensured proper function of instrumentation prior to reactor fuel installation, and provided calibration data for future operational evaluation. Overlap between the various channels of nuclear instrumentation during initial rise in reactor power was determined sufficient to allow safe operation at any level. Power range channels were calibrated using data derived from heat balance during power operation. Nuclear instrumentation was adjusted following reactor stabilization at a power level determined by the heat balance. The procedure was repeated at various levels from initial approach to full reactor power. KW - Electric power plants KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026546 AU - Lemon, J E AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER. PRIMARY SYSTEM FLOW MEASUREMENT PY - 1962/05/23 SP - 12 p. AB - A series of measurements were performed to determine the flow characteristics of the primary system and establish base points for use in future checks on primary system flow. The primary flow was determined for each pump operating individually as well as for various pump combinations. A flow coastdown test was performed to evaluate the primary flow decay following loss of pumping power. The results of these tests show that the total primary flow agrees closely with the predicted flow. The flow coastdown tests indicate that more flow than had been expected is available immediately after loss of all primary pumps therefore, the safety margin in heat transfer capacity during and shortly after the automatic reactor scram, which follows loss of primary pumps, is larger than had been predicted. /Author/ KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026539 AU - Haynes, V O AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - ORR PRESSURIZED WATER LOOP IRRADATION EXPERIMENTS 8 AND 9 SPECIMEN MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE PY - 1962/05/23 SP - 16 p. AB - Detailed procedures for manufacturing fuel specimens for the ORR pressurized-water loop irradiation test program are presented. Vibratory-compacted sintered-and-ground uranium dioxide test specimens are used in experiment 8; experiment 9 uses sintered-pellet uranium dioxide test specimens. Bundle assembly and materials specifications are also included. KW - Fuel elements KW - Manufactures KW - Manufacturing KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026486 AU - Deville, R E AU - Ferguson, K M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - STRESS CORROSION TESTING ON THERMALLY-INSULATED STAINLESS STEEL PIPING PY - 1962/05/23 SP - 31 p. AB - Thermally-insulated Type 304 stainless steel piping was exposed to conditions more conducive to stress corrosion cracking than those of actual service, and the possible effectiveness was investigated of aluminum in contact with stainless steel as an inhibitor to stress corrosion attack. Four test loops were built and operated for 500 hours and then were metallurgically examined. No stress corrosion cracking was detected in any of the sections examined, although intergranular corrosion to a depth of 0.0015 inch was seen in one straight leg section adjacent to a weld. This was concluded to be a structure-sensitive phenomenon. There was no evidence of either an inhibiting or accelerating effect on corrosion provided by the aluminum foil or wire used as wrapping for the piping of two of the test loops. KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion cracking KW - Corrosion tests KW - Fatigue tests KW - Pipe KW - Pipe stresses KW - Pipelines KW - Piping corrosion KW - Stress corrosion KW - Stress cracking KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026538 AU - Haynes, V O AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION INFORMATION FOR EXPERIMENTS 8 AND 9 IN THE ORR PRESSURIZED-WATER LOOP PY - 1962/05/16 SP - 14 p. AB - Uranium dioxide fuel specimens are irradiated in the pressurized-water loop concurrently. The two general types of specimens included are collapsed-clad pellitized uranium dioxide fuel rods, and vibratory-compacted sintered-and-ground uranium dioxide fuel rods. Estimates are given of specimen and loop performance at both nominal and scram or setback values. KW - Fuel elements KW - Fuel systems KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026593 AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - SHIP DESIGN IMPLICATIONS OF RECENT MARINE CARGO HANDLING RESEARCH PY - 1962/05 SP - 540 p. AB - Nineteen papers were presented at this conference on various aspects of cargo handling. The conference was divided into 5 sessions: (1) Cargo Transportation System Study, (2), Segments of Port System Analysis, (3) Cargo Handling Machinery,(4) Containerization, (5) Influence of Cargo Handling and Transportation on Ship Design. The discussion of each paper by the members present is included in the proceedings. A basic under current runs through all the papers directed toward the urgent need for better methods to handle general cargo. KW - Cargo flow KW - Cargo handling KW - Cargo ships KW - Freight transportation KW - Labor productivity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026564 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - SAVANNAH GEORGIA SITE REPORT PY - 1962/05 SP - 51 p. AB - Environmental data regarding the port of Savannah, Georgia and the operation of nuclear powered ships are evaluated. N.S. Savannah operations are reviewed along with a general site description, including: physical description, geology, seismology, tidal hydraulics and dispersion, climatology, population, water supply, industrial characteristics, agriculture, marine foods, and pre-operational survey. Consequences of credible accidents are considered. Proposed N.S. Savannah exposure criteria under emergency conditions are also included in an appendix. KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Ship operations KW - Standards KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026565 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - NEW YORK HARBOR SITE REPORT PY - 1962/05 SP - 57 p. AB - Environmental data related to the port of New York and its use by nuclear powered ships such as N.S. Savannah are summarized. N.S. Savannah operations are reviewed, followed by a site description, which includes: physical characteristics, geology, seismology, tidal hydraulics, climatology, population, water supply, industrial characteristics, agriculture, marine foods, and port environmental surveillance. Consequences of credible accidents are also considered. Proposed N.S. Savannah exposure criteria under emergency conditions are discussed in an appendix. KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Marine terminals KW - New York (State) KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026549 AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - VIBRATION MONITORING OF NS SAVANNAH CONTAINMENT VESSEL EQUIPMENT DURING PERFORMANCE TRIALS PY - 1962/05 SP - 17 p. AB - Items in the containment vessel which indicated resonant frequencies within the ship's operating range were monitored aboard the N.S. Savannah to ascertain whether the vibration level is within tolerable limits. A hull vibration survey was made at cruising speed (approximately 110 upm). The results indicated a sharp resonance around 64 rpm on the top of the pressurizer. Because of this resonance, the hydraulic dampers on the pressurizer were replaced by solid dampers, which reduced the overall vibration by a factor of about 1/3. KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Surveys KW - Vibration KW - Vibration surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026506 AU - Haney, D C AU - Houston, N T AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL CARGO MOVEMENTS BY HYDROFOIL SHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND PUERTO RICO PY - 1962/05 SP - 77 p. AB - A preliminary evaluation is offered of potential cargo movement by hydrofoil ship between the United States and Puerto Rico, estimating the freight rates that would be be necessary for hydrofoil to attract a volume of traffic approaching its capacity. Areas of study are existing carge volume and transportation services; cargo hydrofoil ship operations, such as port selection, speed, schedules, fleet size, and stowage; and cargo potential for a hydrofoil service, including cargo characteristics and ship costs. It is concluded that a cargo hydrofoil service between New York and San Juan could offer "second morning" delivery, at freight rates of 7-9 cents per ton-mile, and could attract a sufficient volume of cargo to utilize the available capacity. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Hydrofoil craft) KW - Freight handling KW - Freight operations KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Hydrofoils KW - Studies KW - Trade route studies KW - Trade routes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026513 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS REPORT ON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM ON TRADE ROUTE 10 PY - 1962/04/27 SP - 85 p. AB - Information on the functional requirements for an improved Maritime system for a specific liner service on Trade Route 10 is presented. These functional requirements consist of a definition of the work to be performed by the system and environment in which it is to operate. The work to be performed by the system is the receipt, loading, transportation, discharge and dispatch of quantitities of various cargoes between specific ports at a given frequency. Conditions, limitations and practices in the ports to be served and the weather and sea conditions on the route are the primary environmental factors considered. Only cargo carried on dry-cargo liners which fall into two distinct categories, "commercial" and "defense", is considered. KW - Cargo handling KW - Cost control KW - Cost reduction KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027628 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, REPORT ON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM ON TRADE ROUTES 7 & 8 PY - 1962/04/27 SP - 84 p. AB - Functional requirements for an improved maritime system for trade routes 7 and 8 consist of a definition of work to be performed by the system and the environment in which the system is to operate. Receipt, loading, transportation, discharge, and dispatch of quantities of various cargoes between specific ports at a given frequency comprise the work to be performed by the system. The environmental factors which will affect the system are conditions, limitations, and practices in the ports to be served and weather and sea conditions on the route. Both trade routes are similar with respect to distance, number of ports, and types of cargo. Trade route 8 was selected for the improved system due to the higher volume of commercial liner cargo, greater room for improvement in the competitive position of the U.S. flag ships, and a better balance of commercial and defense cargo. KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026503 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - SUPPLEMENT A, BY-PRODUCT MATERIAL LICENSE APPLICATION PY - 1962/04/18 SP - 237 p. AB - Specifications involving by-product materials of the N.S. Savannah are presented for a license application for the servicing and maintenance contractor. Specific authorization is sought for the following: to receive, possess, package, store, and transfer low level liquid and solid wastes; to receive, possess, decontaminate, use, repair, and modify and transfer certain low level contaminated and/or activated items; to receive, possess, store, sort, repackage, and transfer low level contaminated laundry; and to perform these operations in restricted areas where airborne concentrations exceed specified limitations. The N.S.V. Atomic Servant, a non-self-propelled barge of steel construction, provides a mobile servicing facility for the Savannah for the storage of irradiated fuel elements and for the acceptance, processing, and storage of liquid and solid wastes. It also contains facilities for decontamination and limited repair of equipment. The hazards involved in the transfer of low level liquid and solid waste materials from the Savannah to the Atomic Servant, and from the Atomic Servant to the licensed subcontractor, are presented and analyzed, The health physics program consists of instructions to personnel, as well as release limits, permissible exposures, and other standards. KW - Maintenance KW - Materials management KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026535 AU - Elder, J C AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER. CONTROL ROD DRIVE TESTING AND PERFORMANCE FROM PRE-CRITICAL CHECK TO 100 PERCENT FULL POWER PY - 1962/04/06 SP - 23 p. AB - Precritical testing of the control rod drive system on the N.S. Savannah followed an extensive maintenance period in which the buffer seal shafts were changed, drive mechanisms removed, and minor maintenance performed on the reactor head mounted equipment. Testing and operation were conducted immediately after fuel loading and ended at 100% full power. Test objectives were (1) to prove that equipment operation was still satisfactory following maintenance and core loading operations; (2) to prove the readiness of the system immediately prior to critical reactor operation; and (3) to accumulate a log of operating experience to judge system reliability related to hydraulic system integrity. Rod positioning, freedom of rod movement, and scram were the major system functions checked. Operational experience includes system operation through two sea trials in addition to zero power and reactor power operation. The results of the test program are considered satisfactory in all aspects of manual rod control. KW - Control systems KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Test procedures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026477 AU - General Electric TI - 630A MARITIME NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR, SCOPING STUDY PY - 1962/04/06 SP - 222 p. AB - Development and engineering modifications of the HTRE-1 reactor for use as a nuclear steam generator meet maritime and operational safety requirements. The nuclear steam generator consists of a water-moderated air-cooled reactor, a boiler, shielding, and accessory equipment. The air flows through the reactor, is heated, and then passes over the steam tubes where the heat is extracted. From the boiler it is routed through a single stage blower and then back into the reactor inlet to repeat the process. The coolant air is completely contained within the pressure vessel throughout the closed cycle. This system is smaller and lighter than other nuclear systems proposed for marine service. It is designed to deliver high-quality steam (850 psi, 950 F) or lower quality steam if required. Safety, reliability, operation and maintenance, and cost factors indicate HTRE-1 technology applied to maritime propulsions is both feasible and practical. KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation shielding KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026474 AU - Van Dyk, A C AU - Cochran, R G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1962/04/01 SP - 137 p. AB - This report summarizes a program of research, development, and design necessary to achieve an improved nuclear fuel for the N.S. Savannah. Nuclear and mechanical design methods and results are provided as well as significant proof-tests performed, such as pressure drop measurements, vibration tests, clad burst-and-collapse tests, and a fuel irradiation program. Specific objectives are improved mechanical and thermal flexibility, minimum pressure drop, improved reliability, improved power distribution, and ease and economy of fabrication. The design advances are limited to the fuel and exclude changes to core structure, system components, and processes. Detailed schematic diagrams are provided. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Reliability KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026548 AU - Burkart, C A AU - DeBoskey, W R AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - RESULTS OF NS SAVANNAH CORE 1 FUEL ROD IRRADIATION PROGRAM PY - 1962/04 SP - 207 p. AB - An irradiation test program was undertaken to confirm the Core 1 fuel rod design of the N.S. Savannah. This program provided data on the behavior of the UO2 fuel and stainless steel cladding materials tested in the range of Core 1 operating conditions. Irradiations were conducted in a high temperature and pressure dynamic water loop and in static capsules. UO2 fuel rods clad in stainless steel performed satisfactorily during irradiation. Heat ratings, thermal conditions, and burnup conditions bracketed Core 1 design maximum and average conditions. Loop irradiations were conducted in a test loop at a water temperature and pressure of 500 F and 1500 psi. Seven fuel rod specimens were irradiated. No harmful effects were noted. Fuel burnup ranged from 550 to 1100 MWD/tonne of oxide. The static tests were conducted in open process water and in sealed capsules. Fuel rod specimens were irradiated to burnups of 350 to 16.500 MWD/tonne of oxide. There was no evidence of cladding failure or distortion. A sublimation-condensation process caused some fuel redistribution at the higher heat ratings. Fission gas release varied from 4% at low heat rating to 10% at the higher heat ratings. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026368 AU - Kangilaski, M AU - Franklin, C K AU - Hare, A W AU - Dickerson, R F AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - LOOP IRRADIATION STUDIES ON URANIA FUEL RODS FOR THE NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR PY - 1962/03/13 SP - 57 p. AB - Loop irradiation studies on urania fuel rods are reported for the nuclear merchant ship reactor. Two series of loop specimens containing UO2 fuel pellets, clad with Type 304 stainless steel, were tested in a high-pressure, high-temperature loop to determine their behavior under irradiation. There were six short fuel rods in the short-term-irradiation series with an enrichment of 7.48%. The specimens were irradiated to burnups of 0.09 to 0.11 a/o of uranium. The only significant change in the rods was an oxide deposit on the cladding after irradiation. The dimensions, densities, and microstructures of the cladding and fuel did not exhibit any observable change after the irradiation test. In the long-term irradiation one long fuel rod was irradiated for seven cycles, resulting in an estimated burnup of 0.5 a/o of uranium. During irradiation a smooth oxide coating was deposited on the stainless steel cladding, but no changes in dimensions or bowing took place. KW - Fuel elements KW - Irradiated nuclear fuel KW - Irradiation KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation hazards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026512 AU - Goodyear Aircraft Corporation TI - EXPERIMENTAL RADAR DATA COMPUTER, PROTOTYPE NO. 1. TECHNICAL MANUAL, VOLUME 2: INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE PY - 1962/03 VL - 2 SP - 115 p. AB - The experimental Radar Data Computer (RDC), prototype no. 1, is a developmental tool constructed for shipboard evaluation of a system and equipment for interpreting information available for a marine radar into a presentation easily and rapidly utilizable as a navigational aid for ships, especially in collision avoidance, coastwise navigation, and in piloting. Volume 2 of the technical manual contains procedures for installation and maintenance of the RDC, including schematic diagrams. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Navigation computers KW - Navigation radar KW - Navigational aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026511 AU - Goodyear Aircraft Corporation TI - EXPERIMENTAL RADAR DATA COMPUTER, PROTOTYPE NO. 1. TECHNICAL MANUAL, VOLUME 1: THEORY OF OPERATION AND OPERATION PY - 1962/03 VL - 1 SP - 196 p. AB - Existing marine radar require augmentation with data measurements, plotting and computation in many navigational situations. Experience has shown that human capabilities are too slow for many situations, that personnel are often unavailable for this effort in the press of other duties and that mistakes are easily made. The experimental Radar Data Computer (RDC), prototype no. 1, is intended to minimize these disadvantages and enable more efficient utilization of the inherent information. The RDC is a developmental tool to be utilized as a navigational aid for ships, especially in collision avoidance, coastwise navigation and piloting. Volume 1 of the technical manual contains the theory of and procedures for operation of the RCD. KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Navigation computers KW - Navigation radar KW - Navigational aids UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026536 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER SUPPLEMENTARY SAFEGUARDS INFORMATION PY - 1962/02/27 SP - 20 p. AB - The hydraulic system for the control rod drive has been a source of oil leakage in the containment vessel of the N.S. Savannah. The hydraulic fluid in this system is a mineral-oil-base hydraulic oil with an auto-ignition temperature of approximately 715 F. Due to the flammability of the oil, fire or explosion hazards exist resulting from hydraulic system leakage. An information summary is presented relative to the hydraulic system experience, measures taken to minimize the fire and explosion hazards, and means of inerting the containment atmosphere to eliminate the possibility of flame or explosion. KW - Control systems KW - Explosion prevention KW - Explosions KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026494 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SANANNAH NUCLEAR POWER, WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION PY - 1962/02/27 SP - 3 p. AB - The chloride level in the secondary and intermediate cooling systems of the N.S. Savannah rose above specified limits during operation. The supplementary startup boiler feedwater was indicative of the chloride concentration in the secondary system. A thorough investigation determined that chlorides got into the secondary systems because of carryover in the evaporator discharge entering the system through the seal line to the salt water preheater drain pump, and leakage of the forward tube sheet of auxiliary condenser No. 2. The chloride concentration was restricted to the carbon steel portion where it was not injurious. The evaporators were modified to reduce carryover, and the path to the secondary system was closed by utilization of a self-sealing drain pump. The leaks in the condenser tube sheet were repaired. Chloride levels in the starboard steam generator and the intermediate cooling system were only slightly over specification and were not associated with prolonged operation at elevated temperatures and pressures. KW - Condensate KW - Condensate water quality KW - Evaluation KW - Feed water contamination KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Water pollution KW - Water quality KW - Water quality evaluation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027543 AU - Vehicle Research Corporation TI - GROUND EFFECT SHIP DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PART 1: FORMULATION OF CHARACTERITISTICS PY - 1962/02/15 IS - Pt1 SP - 61 p. AB - The report is intended as a guideline in defining the Ground Effect Ship and in calling attention to requirements which must be considered by the design. Gross characteristics of such a ship are obtained by integrating operational cargo-handling considerations, external and internal aerodynamic requirements for economical performance, and structural aspects. Four vehicles were designed to conform to the minimum economical size for different cargo and passenger loads. The report recommends that the vehicle selected for development be not less than 100 ft. long and 90 long tons gross weight. A detailed presentation is made of the design requirements needed by the vehicle for successful operation and are intended as the basis for an eventual specification for the Ground Effect Ship. As a result of this analysis, it is recommended that the ship selected for development be Contractor's C design, having a length of 158 ft. and 160 long tons gross weight, permitting a partial two deck configuration, with the lower deck designed to carry standard 8 times 8 ft. containers up to 40 ft. in length, with 100 passengers on the second deck. KW - Aerodynamic characteristics KW - Aerodynamics KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026996 AU - Batch, M L AU - Ball, R M AU - Farrar, J P AU - Poston, J W AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - ZERO POWER TESTS ON NS SAVANNAH CORE 2 PY - 1962/02 SP - 34 p. AB - Given below are the results of a series of zero power tests performed on the NS SAVANNAH Core 2. 1. Core 2 elements have a maximum nonuniformity equivalent to plus or minus 50 gm U-235 per element. 2. The core has a shutdown margin of $3.5 plus or minus 0.2. 3. The instrument response during a core loading is similar to that for Core 1. 4. Rod pattern evaluation showed worths similar to those for Core 1. 5. The rod bank worth shape peaks sharply in the lower half of the core and is nearly constant in the upper half. 6. The temperature effect on reactivity between 16.9 C and 51.8 C is uniformly -0.78 percent/C. 7. Flux distribution is similar to that for Core 1 but with somewhat lower peaking factors. 8. The stuck rod margin is less than that for Core 1. Detailed flux maps are presented for tow rod patterns, and the partial water height method is compared with the boron poisoning method of rod evaluation. KW - Equipment tests KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026488 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER - NS SAVANNAH POWER OPERATION TO 100 PERCENT PY - 1962/02 SP - 80 p. AB - Following extensive operations at low and intermediate powers, the N.S. Savannah nuclear power plant achieved full power operation on April 4, 1962. The reactor plant was operated under the different conditions of load changes, partial primary loop operations, scram and quick reversals that may be encountered in normal maritime service. Under each of these conditions, the reactor was either manually controlled or uncontrolled, illustrating that control of the reactor presents no special or difficult problems in operation. Sufficient data was recorded to demonstrate that both the nuclear and non-nuclear instrumentation will adequately show the power level of the plant. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026463 AU - Batch, M L AU - Ball, R M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH KINETICS INSTRUMENTATION, INSTRUCTION MANUAL PY - 1962/02 SP - 24 p. AB - The kinetics instrumentation for the NS Savannah consists of a micro-microammeter which amplifies the current signal coming from an ionization chamber, a band-pass filter, and the Kinetimeter, an instrument constructed especially for these kinetic measurements. This manual outlines the steps of operation for this equipment. The kinetics instrumentation measures the absolute energy content of a narrow bank of frequencies around a set frequency. Instruction and service manuals for the Kinetimeter are included. KW - Control systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Kinematics KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026496 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER REACTOR OPERATIONS AT CAMDEN PY - 1962/01/26 SP - 39 p. AB - The N.S. Savannah was first put into operation when a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction was achieved. At this time a series of low power test operations were performed, culmination with tests at approximately 10 percent of full power. No significant discrepancies were found between data taken from the fueling operation and those obtained during prior assembly of the reactor core. Following completion of fueling and reinstallation of the reactor head, final precritical tests were performed on the control rod drive system. A series of tests were also performed at zero power; i.e., the power level during these operations did not exceed 500 kW. This consisted of calibrations of control rods, observation and calibration studies of reactivity characteristics, and measurements of temperature coefficients ranging from ambient temperature to about 500 F, the normal operating temperature of the Savannah reactor. In the low power tests initial comparison of power calibrations from thermal data and from nuclear instrumentation was made and the response to various steam loads was studied. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026498 AU - Hathway, C W AU - Kobald, V AU - MacLeod, R E AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - WASTE HANDLING PROCEDURES FOR USE AT CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY AND YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA PY - 1962/01/19 SP - 69 p. AB - This report contains specific procedures for the waste handling operation related to the N.S. Savannah while the ship is at Camden, New Jersey or Yorktwon Virginia. Each procedure describes in detail the equipment needed and the prescribed operation necessary to perform the required function. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026480 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR DETERMINATION OF POWER LEVELS AND FUEL DEPLETION PY - 1962/01/16 SP - 33 p. AB - The adequacy of existing instrumentation for measuring reactor power levels is evaluated along with study methods for improving this accuracy. Assessment is made of the possibility of using a computer coupled with a recorder for computing and recording power levels for use in determining fuel depletion in the reactor core. The two general investigation categories of power level determination are non-nuclear instruments measuring flow, temperature, and pressure with the possible use of a computer and recorder, and nuclear instruments with a computer and recorder. The extent and estimated degree of accuracy which may be expected with the use of existing and recommended instrumentation equipment is outlined for determining core-depletion rate. An analysis of all pertinent facets of a nuclear instrumentation approach to core-depletion measurement serves as a comparison with existing instrumentation and provides an alternate method for core-depletion rate determination. KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026502 AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATIONS ANALYSIS PY - 1962 SP - 75 p. AB - Preliminary criteria for in-port operations were established for the N.S. Savannah. These port operation safety criteria are double containment, specified evaluation, visitor control, and ship mobility procedures. Double containment integrity assurance is provided by limiting containment vessel leak rate, maintaining the reactor compartment at negative pressure, and exhausting compartment air through filters. The compartment exhaust filters have a removal efficiency for particulates equal to or greater than the limits set in hazard analysis. Arrangements for visitor control and emergency ship evaluation include ship evacuation from the port, radiation monitoring, medical services, guard services, traffic control, use of emergency equipment, communications, and training programs. Movement of the ship within 30 minutes from port berths is guaranteed by establishing the availability of two tugs, slip situation of the ship, pilot availability, and maintaining plant auxiliary propulsion systems in a standby ready status. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026500 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH ANNUAL HEALTH PHYSICS REPORT PY - 1962 AB - Health physics procedures and operations carried out on board the N.S. Savannah for the period from May to December, 1962 were found satisfactory. Personnel exposures were held to extremely low levels, external whole body exposure did not approach 10 percent of the permissible 5 rem annual exposure limit, and internal exposures did not occur. The results of a comprehensive bioassay program carried out on engineering and nuclear staff personnel were negative. Increased radioactivity levels in the atmosphere and hydrosphere environment of the ship did not occur. Nuclear ship maintenance was carried out without the support of shipyards equipped with nuclear maintenance facilities. Health physics supplies and materials carried aboard ship were adequate for all operations. Radiation control, personnel protection, radiations incidents, maintenance, training, measurements, and analyses, and waste disposal operations are reviewed from a health physics standpoint. KW - Health physics KW - Human factors engineering KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026499 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - SERVICING OF NUCLEAR POWERED MERCHANT SHIPS BY COMMERCIAL SHIPYARDS PY - 1962 SP - 108 p. AB - Much of the servicing of nuclear powered ships can be performed utilizing existing facilities and personnel of commercial shipyards. However, the use of nuclear reactors, their associated systems, and the presence of radioactive materials require unique shipyard operations and performance requirements. The reactor must be maintained in a safe condition at all times and personnel must be protected against overexposure to radiation during servicing operations. Included under nuclear servicing are radioactive waste removal and refueling operations as well as the more common maintenance and repair functions performed on machinery and equipment. Present commercial shipyards are unfamiliar with these operations and the special requirements for radiation protection. Required support activities for nuclear servicing operations include health physics, quality control, training programs, water purification, waste disposal, reactor fuel storage, engineering and technical writing, and instrumentation and control. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Refueling KW - Ship maintenance KW - Ships KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026501 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH PLANT EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE PY - 1962 SP - 31 p. AB - Equipment performance for tne N.S. Savannah power plant and related equipment during the operations period from May to December, 1962, was good. Equipment systems in the containment vessel including the reactor, primary, pressurizing, relief, purification, and control rod drive systems performed their functions without serious malfunction. Reactor operation was not affected by equipment problems in these systems; repair was not necessary until the plant could be conveniently shut down and worked on in port. A normal amount of equipment repair and maintenance was encountered in the conventional ship mechanical systems. Overall power plant performance was proven reliable and without serious design deficiencies. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship equipment KW - Ships KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026464 AU - Batch, M L AU - Ball, R M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH KINETIC STUDIES, USE OF NOISE ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE REACTOR STABILITY AND XENON AND BURNUP EFFECTS PY - 1962 SP - 35 p. AB - Equipment developed for the N.S. Savannah determines the spectral power density of noise in the current from a neutron-sensitive chamber. The basic units (a band-pass filter, an analog integrator, and a voltage-to-frequency converter) search for indications of instability as the reactor is taken to power for the first time, and determine xenon and burnup effects for core power coefficients and time constants. The spectral power density is the sum of two terms: a white noise term due to the random nature of neutron travel to the chamber, and a reactor noise term due to the spectral reactivity driving function and the reactor transfer function. Measurements made at 100 KW and 6.9 MW gave no indication of instability. A computer program written for Fourier analysis of a magnetic tape recording of voltage-to-frequency converter output will yield a detailed spectrum, which can be used later to estimate xenon and fuel burnup effects on the reactor transfer function. KW - Equipment tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Kinematics KW - Noise intensity KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Sound level UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026373 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER, REPORT ON OUTSTANDING PHASE 2 TESTS PY - 1961/12/18 SP - 12 p. AB - Outstanding Phase 2 tests are reported for the nuclear power system of the N.S. Savannah. Data is given on various outstanding items, accompanied by reference sources and test results. The reports include: performance testing of the loss of flow circuits of the safety system, and of the control rod drive mechanisms after installation of new buffer seal shafts; strength and leak testing of portions of the buffer seal and gaseous adsorption equipment subsequent to the completion of minor modifications; leak tightness of the containment vessel manways and of the seal welds on the primary system pumps; labeling of all important components of the nuclear power plant; performance testing of primary system relief valves; emergency cooling sea water pump operation; and performance testing of the reactor compartment ventilation system. KW - Control rod mechanisms KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026339 AU - Griffin, R C AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REPAIR TO CLADDING ON CLOSURE HEAD, USS SAVANNAH PY - 1961/12/01 SP - 12 p. AB - A liquid penetrant inspection of cladding on the inside surface of the N.S. Savannah closure head indicated the presence of two unbonded areas due to rolled weld metal at automatic submerged arc process. Ultrasonic testing was employed to verify the extent of the defective areas. The first area, separated 360 degrees around the circumference of the head, was removed by machining on a vertical boring mill. The second area, extending 180 degrees, was removed by chipping and grinding. In both cases base material was exposed in the removal of the cladding. The closure head with the control rods welded in place was too heavy for a welding positioner. As this positioner is required for the submerged arc process, the manual metal arc clad welding process was utilized. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Inspection KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Ultrasonic tests KW - Weld inspection KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026398 AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH OPERATION (THE DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD); SAFEGUARDS REPORT TO THE AEC REGULATORY GROUP PY - 1961/12 SP - 70 p. AB - This report describes the planned operation of the N.S. Savannah by State Marine Lines, Inc., subsequent to delivery of the vessel. The operating organization is discussed and includes details on the duties and responsibilities of the personnel involved. Other governmental and non-governmental participants are identified and their functions are described. The various activities and the governing procedures which will be conducted during the post delivery operations period are provided. Since Todd Shipyards Corporation is responsible for performing nuclear maintenance and servicing work, and the ultimate control of the ship, its reactor and related system rests with State Marine Lines, a section of this report delineates the division of responsibility between Todd and State Marine during maintenance and servicing work. KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Planning KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026354 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, INVESTIGATION OF CONTAINMENT VESSEL COLLAPSE PY - 1961/12 SP - 91 p. AB - Investigation determines the depth to which the N.S. Savannah can sink before the combination of bending due to weight loading and external sea water pressure causes collapse of the unflooded containment vessel and allows possible escape of radioactive contaminants to the environment. The investigation also includes determination of the worst attitudes in which the ship might sink and evaluation of various portions of the containment vessel to determine weak points. Calculations were made for the stiffener rings in the cylindrical portion of the containment vessel for the ship sinking while rolled over at 90 degrees on either side, and sinking aft end down. Uniform external hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and weight of the containment vessel are sources of force on the stiffener rings. It was found that the stiffener rings would be the first portion of the containment vessel to collapse due to external pressure alone. Instability of one or more stiffener rings can result in a progressive collapse of the vessel and rupture of the containment shell. KW - Hydrostatic loading KW - Hydrostatic pressure KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation hazards KW - Rings (Devices) KW - Stiffening rings KW - Water depth effects UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026371 AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH MAINTENANCE (THE DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD) PY - 1961/12 SP - 161 p. AB - The maintenance and servicing work to be performed by a N.S. Savannah contractor are described and the associated hazards are evaluated. The work program is described with detailed step-by-step procedures included for selected typical jobs. Accidents with significant potential hazard are postulated, and the available safeguards are discussed. Conclusions as to the probability of occurrence and the potential associated hazard are presented for each postulated accident. Included are descriptions of the contractor organization responsible for carrying out the activities, and of the special facilities and equipment available or being planned. Working relationships with other participating corporations are not included, since they appear in a related report. KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Nuclear hazard evaluation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear radiation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Schedules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026363 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH ANALYSIS OF MAIN STEAM STOP VALVE CLOSURE PY - 1961/11/24 SP - 29 p. AB - Two main steam stop valves in the N.S. Savannah are opened by control air and kept open by a latching solenoid which has to be energized for closing the valves. Unlatching and closing operations are controlled by manual push button located on the main control console. Main propulsion and maneuvering valves are motor operated by two-speed motors, but can also be manually operated. These valves, interlocked with the scram signal, close in at slow valve speed if a scram is actuated. Main turbine, turbine generators, and boiler feed pumps also have protection interlocks which trip the main admission valve of each machine in case of overspeeding, low oil pressure, and other dangerous operating conditions. The main steam line valves are analyzed with respect to interlocking with the safety system and the resulting effects due to inadvertent operation. Plant conditions and necessary corrective actions following these valve operations are determined. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Regulation KW - Safety KW - Steam KW - Steam regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026423 AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - General Dynamics TI - MARITIME GAS COOLED REACTOR PROJECT PY - 1961/11/10 SP - 11 p. AB - Turbomachinery development for the Maritime Gas Cooled Reactor program established basic parameters to facilitate selection of helium rather than carbon dioxide as the cycle gas. Subsequent development of turbomachinery included reference designs, component development, and turbine material tests in helium. Studies to fit the turbomachinery to an array of overall plant concepts were undertaken to optimize cycle parameters. Principal dimensions and characteristics of rotating components were established at maximum pressures of 800, 1000, and 1200 psi with and without compressor intercooling. Basic parameters were set at 20,000 HP rating, 1300 F maximum temperature, and 800 psia maximum pressure for the helium machinery with an intercooled, regenerative cycle. Fossil fired gas turbine propulsion systems were also studied for application to merchant ships. The potential of various plants were evaluated including closed, semi-closed, and open cycles, as well as combined steam-gas turbine cycles. Comparisons were made on factors such as relative size, weight, cost, and adaptability to automation. KW - Design KW - Gas turbines KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026389 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER - SUMMARY TEST REPORT, PHASES 1 AND 2 PY - 1961/11/03 SP - 71 p. AB - Prefueling test program on the N.S. Savannah nuclear power plant demonstrated that the performance of the reactor system and auxiliaries was in conformance with design specifications, and demonstrated the capability of the crew to operate and maintain the power plant. The equipment in the reactor and auxiliary systems was tested as individual components, complete systems, and as a whole plant during the dummy run. Basic tests for the pressure components, electrical continuity tests, calibration of system instrumentation, and functional checks on limit switches, alarm points, controls, safety devices, and interlocks were performed. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3040 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00027901 JO - Journal of commerce AU - Sullivan, E K AU - Twin Coast Newspapers, Incorporated TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIPS - PRESENT AND FUTURE PY - 1961/11/01 SP - 8 p. AB - The present and future prospects for the use of nuclear- powered merchant ships are described in light of the development and launching of the N. S. Savannah. Ultra- conservative design has produced the first combination passenger-cargo ship to demonstrate the safety of nuclear fuel for merchant ship use. Operating costs will be above those normally considered acceptable for fossil fueled ships. These costs can be brought down to acceptable levels through research and development of more advanced types of nuclear reactors which are already being tested. The future looks bright for this type of vessel. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026420 AU - Haynes, V O AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INFORMATION FOR EXPERIMENTS 5 AND 7 IN THE ORR PRESSURIZED-WATER LOOP PY - 1961/11/01 SP - 11 p. AB - Analysis is presented of nonsintered fuel rods irradiated in the A-1 and A-2 pressurized-water loop concurrently. Fuel specimens, assembled in clusters of three, were fabricated primarily by fused-and-ground uranium dioxide; the cold swaged method was also utilized. Predicted loop performance characteristics (including temperature, enthalpy, density, velocity, and friction factor) for both experiments are presented for nominal and scram conditions. KW - Fuel elements KW - Fuel systems KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026403 AU - Dial, B C AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES ABOARD A TYPICAL OCEAN-GOING FREIGHT VESSEL, FINAL REPORT PY - 1961/11/01 SP - 96 p. AB - The research program consisted essentially of preliminary planning, shoreside studies with participating steamship companies, observational voyages, analyses of voyage data and controlling factors, and investigations of technological developments in other fields or of currently limited application to dry cargo vessels. Three observational voyages were made, one on each of the three specified types of vessels, a C2, a C3 and a C4 Mariner, over different routes and during somewhat different seasons of the year. The voyage observations and analyses developed cost and methods information in detail sufficient to emphasize areas of possible improvement, and establish a framework within which alternative methods might be sought. Studies of techniques, materials and equipment employed in other industries, or available to the maritime industry, suggested alternatives for some activities and tasks of major economic significance in vessel operation. Some data was obtained in only sufficient detail to indicate a need for improvement without corresponding suggested alternatives. KW - Dry bulk carriers KW - Labor market KW - Manpower studies KW - Operating costs KW - Shipboard operations KW - Ships KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026434 AU - Hale, F C AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - MEASUREMENTS IN THE EVALUATION OF WORK METHOD CHANGES PY - 1961/11 SP - 25 p. AB - Physiological measurements utilized in the evaluation of longshoring work method changes are studied, as they may affect the individual worker. Physiological measurements include oxygen consumption, energy cost of the job, and heart rate change. Physical environmental measures include temperature, humidity, and air movement. When ventilating equipment is properly used during use of gasoline powered units within the hold, no hazard exists. It is concluded that no decrement to working efficiency is attributed to environmental influences. KW - Cargo handling KW - Longshoremen KW - Personnel performance KW - Working conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026392 AU - Battist, L AU - Winnowski, W S AU - Koch, R C AU - Nuclear Science and Engineering Corporation AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - RADIOCHEMISTRY TEST PROGRAM FOR THE N.S. SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT. PART 1: CAMDEN OPERATIONS PY - 1961/11 SP - 22 p. AB - Radioactive constituents of the primary coolant of a pressurized water reactor plant are removed by natural radioactive decay, plant purification systems, and deposition on internal surfaces of the primary coolant system. The rate of removal for the first two processes are determined by standard physical methods; the third mechanism is expected to be constant unless coolant chemistry parameters change. Therefore, the amount of each radioactive species present in the system is a function of its production rate and removal rate. Both of these rate processes must be considered in evaluating the concentration of the individual radionuclides at steady--state conditions. The objectives of the radiochemistry test program for the N.S. Savannah are characterization of the radioactive species in the primary coolant of the reactor plant and the correlation of these concentrations with important reactor and primary system operating parameters and radiological safety factors. The three general types of radionuclides which comprise the radioactivity of the primary coolant are fission products, neutron-activated corrosion products, and other activation products resulting from neutron activation of the trace elements in the primary coolant or of the constituent atoms of the coolant. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Radiation doses KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Radiological safety KW - Radionuclides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026345 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, REFUELING ACCIDENT ANALYSIS PY - 1961/10/26 SP - 11 p. AB - Damage investigation is based on the control rod or fuel transfer cask being dropped a distance of 36 feet, from a point 8 feet above the promenade deck of the N.S. Savannah, and striking the rotary manipulator on the reactor vessel flange. An analysis was made for a straight drop of either cask directly on the manipulator. Angular drop was investigated by considering the results of a straight drop analysis and an 11 degree angular drop analysis of the reactor head. The weights of the control rod transfer cask and the fuel transfer cask are 95,000 pounds and 75,000 pounds respectively. The magnitude of the kinetic energy of the falling body before impact was calculated. After adjusting the energy to account for the energy losses during impact, calculations were made to determine whether the rotary manipulator could absorb this remaining energy within the elastic limit of the material. KW - Crashes KW - Damage assessment KW - Drop tests KW - Loss and damage KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026429 AU - Quirk, J AU - Lofftus, F H AU - General Dynamics TI - MARITIME GAS-COOLED REACTOR PROGRAM. STRENGTH AND STRUCTURE OF SINTERED BEO MODERATOR CERAMICS PY - 1961/10/24 SP - 17 p. AB - The development of beryllium oxide moderator ceramics for a gas-cooled reactor requires a knowledge of their strength and structure. Reactor service conditions of simultaneous irradiation, thermal stress, and exposure to hot gas have an important effect on moderator life and the cost of core maintenance. Purposes of this study are: 1) to select strength-test methods for evaluating small ceramic specimens used in capsule irradiation tests; 2) to assess the effects of grain size on the strength of beryllia ceramics; 3) to provide strength data needed for the design of beryllia moderator shapes. Tests were made on specimens to determine strength and to determine the modulus of elasticity in tension. The bend test gave more significant results and less instrumental scatter than the other methods. The ratio of internal tensile strength as determined by diametral loading, to bend strength was about 0.6 for the berryllium- oxide specimens. KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026235 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP INTERIM REPORT EVALUATION OF REACTOR SPACE VENTILATION SYSTEM, AIR FLOW MEASUREMENT AND PRESSURE MONITORING PY - 1961/10/15 SP - 42 p. AB - This evaluation limits itself to the supply and exhaust ventilation systems serving the electrical control cubicle, the hydraulic equipment room, the upper and lower voids of the reactor space and the containment vessel. Air flow measurement and continuous pressure monitoring facilities are also included within the report's scope. Three goals are specified: (1) the evaluation of the ventilation system for the reactor space with regard to supply, containment and disposal of the air in reference to this space; (2) the recommendation of necessary facilities for air flow testing; and (3) the development of a continous pressure monitoring system for detecting pressure differences which may result in air leakage out of the reactor space. KW - Emission control systems KW - Exhaust gases KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026378 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SELF-REGULATION STUDY PROGRAM FOR THE CONSOLIDATED NUCLEAR STEAM GENERATOR PY - 1961/10/13 SP - 12 p. AB - A self-regulation study program for the consolidated nuclear steam generator (CNSG) of the N.S. Savannah is reported. Proposals are made to 1) study the nuclear, thermal, and operational problems associated with self-regulation, 2) produce a conceptual design of a self-regulating CNSG, 3) demonstrate analytically the feasibility of the concept, 4) prepare a cursory cost analysis and evaluate the concept's economic potential, and 5) prepare a program to develop the self-regulation concept. Program analysis, organization, and scheduling are outlined. KW - Automatic power plants KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Regulation KW - Steam KW - Steam regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026332 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH H-1100 BUFFER SEAL SHAFT REPORT PY - 1961/10/10 SP - 175 p. AB - The back-up program for the development, production, and testing of H-1100 seal shafts for the N.S. Savannah is described, with details given on the fabrication and inspection development, various aspects of operational testing, and production. The materials procurement, fabrication, and inspection procedures followed in the program are found to be a feasible approach to production of 17-4 PH seal shafts. Both non-destructive and functional tests are discussed, the latter including accelerated wear test, simulated life test, bent shaft test, and residual stress evaluation. Appendices, which make up the bulk of the report, provide data on procurement specifications, Stein seal heat treat process sheets, inspection records, the residual stress report, and the development of non-destructive examination for components of the NMSR control rod drive system. KW - Construction KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026387 AU - Meghrian, J AU - Stouky, R J AU - Connaughton, M J AU - McClure, R AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NSV ATOMIC SERVANT. RECEIPT, STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF BY-PRODUCT MATERIAL AT CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY AND YORKTOWN, VIRGINIA PY - 1961/10/01 SP - 59 p. AB - Receipt, handling, processing, packaging, and disposal of by-product material aboard the N.S.V. Atomic Servant is reviewed, as well as decontamination procedures and minor hot machine repair work. The N.S.V. Atomic Servant, a non-self-propelled special services barge of steel construction, provides mobile, flexible, and contained servicing facilities for N.S. Savannah operations. The equipment for processing liquid wastes consists of ion exchange demineralizers with pre and post filters, and associated pumps, piping, and storage tanks. Wastes from the Savannah are first pumped through hoses to an influent-effluent station on the barge main deck, and then to either a shielded sump tank or an unshielded hold tank for storage of processing through the barge demineralizers. A schematic of equipment is provided. Detailed facilities descriptions, operations procedures, and hazards analyses are described. Diagrams are provided for outboard and inboard profiles, plan views of the main deck and the hold, resin and liquid waste transfer, crane lifting, and ventilation arrangements. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear disposal transport KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radioactive waste disposal KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste discharge management KW - Waste management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027523 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 1: HYDRODYNAMICS PY - 1961/10 VL - 1 SP - 144 p. AB - Performance characteristics for the 80-knot version of the H.S. Denison are presented, as well as the hydrodynamic considerations which led to selection of final geometry for foils, struts, pod, and propeller. Comparative drags for the various geometries considered for each element were the basis for selection of the final configuration. The objectives of the model test program were: development of an optimum forward foil configuration which could make a measurement of cavity drag of blunt base pod designs for pusher and tractor propeller arrangements; measurement of the drag benefit to be gained by forced ventilation of pod configurations; measurement of cavity drag for blunt base strut configurations; and measurement of flap effectiveness. The theoretical basis for the evaluation of final configuration is established and various alternative geometries are considered. Also included are drag and thrust available curves for final craft configuration, final tail assembly configuration, and turning and hydrostatic characteristics of the craft. KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027526 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 4: STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY AND WEIGHT STATEMENT PY - 1961/10 VL - 4 SP - 119 p. AB - Design loads, stress analysis, and deflection calculations establish adequate structural integrity for foils and struts for the 80-knot version of the H.S. Denison. Fabrication experiments, static test programs, and design studies conducted for the 60-knot version aided in the structural design of the foils and struts. The structure meets severe hydrodynamic and structural requirements while maintaining ease of fabrication, assembly, and maintenance. High speed foil and strut system welded assemblies can tolerate a small measure of distortion to provide geometry tolerances within acceptable hydrodynamic limits. Designing for very low distortion levels is necessary to prevent excessive salvage costs during manufacture. Weight statements are provided for the hull structure, propulsion, electric plant, auxiliary systems, outfit and furnishings, and communications, controls, foils, and struts with and without take-off foils. KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Structural analysis KW - Weight KW - Weight calculation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027525 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 3: MACHINERY AND SYSTEMS PY - 1961/10 VL - 3 SP - 217 p. AB - Machinery, systems, and controls were investigated as part of a feasibility study for converting the H.S. Denison from a 60 to an 80 knot vehicle. Investigations ranged from overall systems studies such as foil control linkage and craft steering systems, to detail part studies such as the foil control actuator and the control rod seal. Parallel machinery studies were made for comparative purposes. The steering system was changed from a fixed strut with rudder flaps to an all steerable aft strut and propeller pod for improved performance at high speeds. Controlled incidence, submerged foils provided optimum hydrodynamic characteristics for the forward foil control linkage. A tractor propeller configuration was selected over a pusher propeller for the aft foil control linkage. Linear actuators for incidence foil actuation lend themselves physically to incidence application, offer more reliability, and are less expensive than rotary hydraulic actuators. The foil borne hydraulic system was changed from a 100 H.P. with two pumps driven by the main engine to a 300 H.P. system with three pumps driven by a single idler gearbox. The control loads of the submerged foils at 80 knots led to the increase in system capacity. Steering and foil borne propusion system schematics are provided. KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic systems KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027527 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 5: STRUCTURAL RESEARCH PY - 1961/10 VL - 5 SP - 46 p. AB - Detailed drawings of structural research plans, plans of models used for hydrodynamic testing, and machinery and system arrangements for the H.S. Denison are provided. Included are diagrams of foil and strut assemblies, whirling tank tests and layout studies of these assemblies, and schematics of the displacement hydraulic system, foil borne hydraulic system, and pod ventilation. KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic systems KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027524 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 2. AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1961/10 SP - 152 p. AB - The report describes the work performed in defining the hydrofoil control problem relative to operational requirements utilizing simple, effective, and reliable control loops. A description of the automatic control system proposed for the 80 knot version of the HS Denison, the analytical work, and the performance evaluation performed in support of the engineering decisions is presented in this volume. The proposed autopilot is described in terms of: 1) hydrofoil craft control problems; 2) autopilot configuration; 3) system operation; 4) foil actuators; and 5) safety and reliability. The craft and system analyses are discussed in two main sections, longitudinal and lateral. Schematics are given for both the longitudinal and lateral control systems. Also presented is a discussion of craft impact in two emergency situations. A set of system components specifications based upon the outlined requirements concludes this volume of the report. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Automatic pilot KW - Automatic pilot KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil control KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027528 AU - Dynamic Developments, Incorporated TI - DESIGN STUDY. VOLUME 6: SUB CONTRACTOR REPORTS PY - 1961/10 VL - 6 SP - 127 p. AB - This volume contains the following subcontractor reports: (1) Lift and Drag Characteristics of the Proposed Hydrofoil Assembly for the 80-Knot MARAD boat (Davidson Laboratory); (2) Investigation and Preliminary Design of Several Tail Assemblies for the MARAD 80-Knot Hydrofoil Craft (Hydronautics); (3) Estimated Characteristics of Some Supercavitating Propellers for an 80-Knot Hydrofoil Craft (Hydronautics); and (4) Report of Design Study to Convert MARAD Hydrofoil Transmission System from 60-Knot to 80-Knot Configuartaion (GE). The first report determines lift and drag characteristics of the MARAD boat hydrofoil assembly at various submergences and angles of attack. Testing was done on the take-off foil along with some additional testing on the cruise and take-off foil combination. The second report determines the feasibility of an 80-knot tail assembly within the control of transmission system size and strength requirements. The third report provides studies of propeller performance in connection with research and design studies of pods, struts, and tail foils. The fourth report determines a method or methods which would permit the 60-knot MARAD main transmission system to be used as part of the craft steering mechanism for application as part of the 80-Knot transmission system. KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Propeller characteristics KW - Propellers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026442 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - SHIP CONSTRUCTION DIFFERENTIAL SUBSIDIES PY - 1961/09 SP - 209 p. AB - This report begins with a summary of the legislative and administrative background of the construction subsidy. Certain economic aspects of the program are then examined, followed by a detailed description and analysis of the present method used to compute construction differential subsidies. The policy of determining subsidies by attempting to equate the cost of ships to U. S. operators with the prices paid by foreign competitors has been found to be a basic element in the construction subsidy program. Consequently, a separate section is devoted to an analysis of the parity concept and formula. Several alternative methods of determining the construction subsidy are then described and analyzed. Section VIII covers the national defense aspects of the construction subsidy program. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Defense shipping KW - Military shipments KW - Operating subsidies KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026407 AU - Chen, SCY AU - MARKS, W AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - SURVEY OF FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENTS WITH EMPHASIS ON MARITIME APPLICATIONS PY - 1961/09 SP - 28 p. AB - A survey is made of the state-of-the-art of fuel cell development with the object of determining the potential of this device for commercial ship propulsion. General principles of fuel cell reactions are expounded and reasons are given for theoretically superior efficiencies of fuel cells over conventional heat engines. Operating characteristics of various fuel cells and current development activities are reviewed. Technical factors bearing on use of fuel cells for ship propulsion are examined and problem areas in research are outlined. Conclusions reached maintain that while the economics of fuel cells for ship propulsion cannot yet be fully determined, apparent operational advantages exist to warrant further development efforts. A number of recommendations for support in fuel cell research and development are presented. KW - Advanced propulsion KW - Electric batteries KW - Fuel cells KW - Heat exchangers KW - High speed rail KW - Propulsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026374 AU - Stilwell, T AU - Stearns, K R AU - Franklin Institute TI - CYCLIC TEST OF N.S. SAVANNAH REACTOR VESSEL MODEL PY - 1961/09 SP - 107 p. AB - Tests on the quarter-scale model of the N.S. Savannah reactor vessel under cyclic loading conditions are reported, with focus on the outlet nozzle area due to previous static tests which revealed yielding there. Continuous strain data were obtained at 38 locations for 3000 cycles of the simultaneous application of the maximum design pressure of 2000 psi, together with the most severe piping reactions expected. Despite high local strain, the results of these tests confirm the structural adequacy of the outlet nozzle region. Because stresses throughout the rest of the vessel were found to be well below the yield point of the material, it is concluded that all areas of the reactor vessel are structurally adequate. Continuation of the test program is therefore not recommended. The appendices include descriptions of the test facility and procedure along with a discussion of fatigue data and a set of source data. KW - Design KW - Nozzle stress KW - Nozzles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Strength analysis KW - Strength of materials KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026364 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, ADEQUACY OF INSTRUCTION BOOKS FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT PY - 1961/08/22 SP - 13 p. AB - Instruction books for maintenance and benchtesting of complex electrical equipment aboard the N.S. Savannah were examined with respect to 16 key questions. These questions involve test and diagrams, parts, and test procedures. Answers are provided in tabular form including comments on the overall quality and specific features of each book. KW - Electronic equipment KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Test procedures KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026236 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP INTERIM REPORT ON CONTAINMENT ISOLATION VALVE CLOSURES PY - 1961/08/21 SP - 26 p. AB - An analysis of the consequence of inadvertent closure of any single containment isolation valve is covered. As modified, the system valves and associated solenoid valves involved with the containment isolation system are shown. Appendixes provide a complete list of valves which are involved with containment isolation and of pressure relief valves. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026402 AU - Stanray Corporation TI - TRANSPORTATION OF IRRADIATED FUEL FROM NS SAVANNAH REACTOR: APPENDIX F TO SAFEGUARDS REPORT PY - 1961/08/18 SP - 11 p. AB - Additional information related to Safeguards Report ST-S1 entitled "Transportation of Irradiated Fuel from N.S. Savannah Reactor" is given. This appendix contains comments on fission products and shielding; preload, loading and unloading procedures; procedure for removing a ruptured fuel assembly prior to shipment; and procedure as a result of an accident during transportation. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling KW - Safety KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027627 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, REPORT ON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF AN IMPROVED SYSTEM ON TRADE ROUTE 29 PY - 1961/08/10 SP - 7 p. AB - Functional requirements for an improved maritime system for trade route 29 consist of a definition of work to be performed by the system, and the environment in which the system is to operate. The work to be performed includes receipt, loading, transportation, discharge, and dispatch of quantities of various cargoes between specific ports at a given frequency. The environmental factors which will affect the system are conditions, limitations, and practices in the ports to be served, and weather and sea conditions on the route. At present there are about a dozen American flag freighter services on trade route 29 competing against a much larger group of foreign services, mainly Japanese. Selection of service for this route has been confined to ports in California, Japan, Korea, Okinawa, and Taiwan. A base system for the service reflects methods of practice, schedule factors, and utilization of ships corresponding to the present or contemplated for the near future. KW - International trade KW - Marine terminals KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Shipping KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026433 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - A STUDY OF THE FLOODED CONTAINMENT CONCEPT AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1961/08/02 SP - 190 p. AB - The idea of operating a maritime nuclear steam generating plant in a water-filled containment and its application to the N. S. Savannah is investigated. The objectives of the work are: 1) To evaluate the idea of a wet containment; 2) to determine if the idea is technically and practically applicable to the N. S. Savannah; and 3) to determine and initiate research and development to substantiate these applications. Hazards, water chemistry and radioactive wastes, shielding, and systems consolidation are studied and discussed. Hazard studies require further investigation for all objectives. The studies indicate that many systems can be eliminated, or reduced in complexity and/or size due to the use of wet containment. It is concluded that the potential of the idea of wet containment is tied very closely to the design of the power plant and ship, and it is therefore difficult to see how operating a plant not specifically designed for this purpose can constitute a source of valuable information for future use. Appendices present the material in depth, and include a modification of the present Savannah in a schematic diagram for flooded containment. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation shielding KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027592 AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 3: RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH PY - 1961/08 VL - 3 SP - 212 p. AB - The radiological health factors and procedures which are of importance in maintaining desirable environmental conditions aboard, and in the near vicinity of, the N.S. Savannah, are covered in this volume. These aspects of the operation of the N.S. Savannah are carried out in accordance with the standards of the Atomic Energy Commission and under the supervision of the U.S. Coast Guard. Details are provided for: shielding, including design, shield arrangement, and sources of radiation; the ship's health physics program, including personnel training and facilities description; waste management philosophy and operations; and environmental support activities including environmental radioactivity surveillance for ports of call for the N.S. Savannah. A glossary of terms associated with nuclear merchant ship propulsion along with extensive drawings and tables accompany the descriptions. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027591 AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 2: OPERATIONS PY - 1961/08 VL - 2 SP - 156 p. AB - This volume outlines the policies that govern the operation of the N.S. Savannah and discusses the procedures followed to insure the safety of the ship. A description of the policies and procedures followed by cognizant federal agencies in the development of safety measures is provided. Details are given on: manning, including ship personnel selection, requirements and training programs; nuclear shore staffs, including the operating agent, servicing contractor, and certain ancillary service or inspection organizations; power plant description; tests and trials performed; standard operations; refueling, maintenance and repair facilities, particularly the Nuclear Servicing Vessel Atomic Servant, a nonself-propelled barge designed to provide a mobile base for servicing operations; refueling operations; and maintenance and repair operations. Extensive drawings and tables accompany the descriptions. KW - Manning requirements KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026344 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH UPGRADING PROGRAM, ADVANCED PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR CONCEPTS PY - 1961/08 SP - 393 p. AB - New pressurized water concepts for shipboard application were investigated through consideration of the technological advances made since the design of the N.S. Savannah. In an effort to utilize the Savannah as a research and development ship, major design features required for an economic ship were established. A nuclear-powered surface vessel incorporating these features could carry oil from the Persian Gulf to the United States as cheaply as a conventional ship. Lower operating temperatures of commercial shipboard reactors reduce the unit cost of heat and the capital cost of reactor plant equipment. Self-pressurization, which eliminates the need of a pressurizer, combined with the moderate temperatures reduce system operating pressure. This reduces the cost of equipment and simplifies fabrication and erection. With the exception of the reactor vessel interior, carbon steel could replace stainless steel as a primary system material. The number of required control rods would be reduced by use of either a soluble poison for lifetime reactivity control, or flux and trap rods with inert followers. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor economics KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026343 AU - Klemen, F M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTROL ROD NOZZLES ON THE NS SAVANNAH SPARE HEAD PY - 1961/08 SP - 69 p. AB - Control rod nozzle analysis takes into account the effect of pressure, temperature, dead loading, and the presence of mounting holes for a magnetic switch in the upper housing. The design condition was examined at 2000 psi pressure, and 650 F isothermal and 140 F ambient temperature. The normal operating condition was examined at 2000 psi pressure and 140 ambient temperature, plus a temperature gradient along the length of the nozzle. The thermal accident condition is a steady state condition with all parts at 2000 psi pressure and 520 F except for a 200 F thermal lag in the bolts. KW - Control systems KW - Nozzle stress KW - Nozzles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Stresses KW - Thermal stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026335 AU - Johnson, C R AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - LABORATORY AND FIELD NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF NS SAVANNAH BUFFER SEAL SHAFTING PY - 1961/08 SP - 58 p. AB - Control rod buffer seal shafts for the N.S. Savannah reactor are made of Armco 17-4 PH age-hardened stainless steel. The shafts used during the reactor startup testing program have been age hardened for at least four hours at 900 F. Replacement shafts are being manufactured and will be age hardened at 1100 F. This report describes the development of nondestructive tests both for 17-4 PH shafting during production and for finished shafts mounted in the reactor. The tests are sufficiently definitive to locate flaws and equivalent results are given by the laboratory and field tests. The development of nondestructive tests for both laboratory and field applications is outlined. Results from a series of experimental shafts tested by both test methods are compared and correlated with metallographic sections taken after completion of the nondestructive tests. KW - Control systems KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026394 AU - Hathway, C W AU - MacLeod, R E AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - WATER PURIFICATION STUDY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1961/07/24 SP - 59 p. AB - Results are presented of a study to determine the best method of providing high purity water to the primary systems of the N.S. Savannah's reactor power plant while the ship is at Galveston, Texas. The N.S. Savannah's requirements, quantity and quality are detailed, including requirements for barge and shore facilities, and for fill and clean-up for the spent fuel and mock-up pits. A comparison is made of two water plant designs, their systems and components, and costs. The water plant selected utilizes the demineralization principle. KW - Maintenance KW - Marine terminals KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Port structures KW - Ports UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026436 AU - Burian, R J AU - Berry, W E AU - Shober, F R AU - Dickerson, R F AU - Fink, W F AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - IRRADIATION DAMAGE OF BORON-MODIFIED STAINLESS STEEL PY - 1961/07/11 SP - 60 p. AB - Investigation of a program initiated to evaluate and confirm the fabrication techniques of the boron-modified stainless steel control rod and to aid in establishing the effect of radiation on the corrosion behavior and physical and structural properties of the control rods in the nuclear merchant ship reactor is presented. The three types of specimens prepared were tensile-impact specimens, and two types of clad corrosion specimens designated as composite and roll clad. Capsule design for the irradiation, and techniques and equipment are discussed. After irradiation testing the specimens were subjected to visual examination, impact tests, metallographic examination, microhardening measurements, and corrosion studies. Results of postcorrosion density measurements show that the high-burnup roll clad specimen expanded during corrosion. Advantages of using clad boron-stainless steel are: Cladding improves the mechanical properties, containment of irradiation-induced expansion, and prevention of the coolant reacting with the irradiated boride particles. The design in which the cladding and the core are held together mechanically appears more satisfactory then the design for the roll clad specimens. A disadvantage of not cladding the boron- stainless steel is that the alloy must bear the load of the control rod. This alloy has poor mechanical properties, and is thus not well suited for this function. KW - Corrosion tests KW - Design KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiation hazards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027620 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS ANALYSIS OF MARITIME TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1961/06/30 SP - 296 p. AB - A progress report on the Selected Routes Study for maritime transportation systems is presented, reviewing the background, philosophy, and objectives of the study, indicating the progress to date, and outlining plans for the continuation of the study. Consideration is given to the selection of routes and services, and to data analysis for selected routes for cargo, schedules, itineraries, ships and fleets, competition, ports and terminals, and inland water links. Systems analysis is provided on advanced ship analysis, cost factors, and improved systems. The bulk of the report consists of appendices on Trade Routes 7 and/or 8, Trade Route 10, Trade Route 29, examples of advanced ship analysis, and a system for classifying cargo commodities. KW - Integrated systems KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Scheduling KW - Ship operations KW - Systems analysis KW - Trade routes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026376 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - PROGRESS REPORT OF MA-2451, TASK ORDER NUMBER 1, JUNE 30, 1961. APPENDICES TO SECTIONS 1 AND 2 PY - 1961/06/30 SP - 63 p. AB - Appendices are presented to four sections of a report on the international marine transportation system and trade routes. The first discusses the sources and uses of data and data collection availability. A bibliography is included. The second provides 24 plots of trade and income data which were used in developing trade/income linear relationships, with accompanying tables summarizing the information derived from the plots. In the third appendix basic economic indicators of selected countries are compiled in tabular form. The final appendix offers data adjustments used in preparing the report of relationships between trade and national income. KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - International KW - International trade KW - Research KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics KW - Shipping research KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Transoceanic cargo transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026333 AU - Cowell, H AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - SPECIFICATION FOR INSTALLATION AND TEST OF SAVANNAH CONTROL ROD DRIVE SYSTEM PY - 1961/06/26 SP - 111 p. AB - Installation procedures are given for the Marvel-Schebler Control Rod Drive System, consisting of 21 control drive mechanisms with electrical control and power supply. Mechanism components are divided into two groups to satisfy installation requirements for the different types of reactor heads. Specific mechanism assembly sequences permit maximum work space and accessibility, and special tools facilitate mechanism installation. A prototype electrical control and power console is provided for individual mechanism testing upon completion of installation. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026388 AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - REPORT ON TESTS CARRIED OUT WITH A SHIP MODEL REPRESENTING CONTROL ROD DRIVE SYSTEM PY - 1961/06/26 SP - 39 p. AB - The control rod drive system controls fission action by moving the control rods and the follower rods in the active core of the nuclear reactor in response to signals from other components of the reactor plant. The system comprises 21 mechanisms with associated power supplies and instrumentation. Each control rod has a mechanism capable of raising or lowering the control rod either independently or in pre-selected groups. The mechanism leadscrew is mechanically coupled to the control rod, and they move in and out of the reactor core as an integral unit in response to electrical signals for positioning and fail-safe requirements. This report presents design criteria and principles of operation for the control rod drive system of the N.S. Savannah. A detailed diagram of the general assembly is provided. KW - Control rod mechanisms KW - Design KW - Fail safe systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026334 AU - Koksal, T AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH MECHANISM DESIGN ACCEPTANCE TEST ANALYSIS PY - 1961/06/21 SP - 99 p. AB - Performance characteristics of the N.S. Savannah control rod drive mechanism are evaluated. The results of tests performed in determining these characteristics are described, including graphs, data sheets, and photographs. Appendices contain detailed specifications for: (1) a test program to establish the ability of the control rod drive system to operate properly in all respects during its duty cycle, and to determine the system operating limits, and other engineering necessary for evaluation of this system; (2) a test to measure the temperature at designated positions, under different conditions; and (3) a test program to establish the ability of the control rod drive system to meet specified requirements. KW - Control rod mechanisms KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026435 AU - Pflasterer, G R AU - General Electric TI - EFFECTS OF VERTICAL GRAVITY OSCILLATIONS ON PERFORMANCE OF THE T7 NATURAL CIRCULATION BOILING WATER REACTOR PY - 1961/06/14 SP - 54 p. AB - This report presents results from an analog computer study of the effects of vertical gravity oscillations on the performance of a natural circulation boiling water reactor propulsion system in a T7 tanker under conditions of a ship's motion. Ship's motion was simulated as a sinusoidal variation in vertical accleration. The response of the reactor model was determined including flow, void content, reactivity, power fuel temperature, and reactor stream pressure. Void reactivity, frequency response, and the thermal-hydraulic model are discussed. Equations, numerical values, and nomenclature are presented. The results show that the T7 reactor, as designed, would operate successfully at 100% power during ship's motion. A schematic diagram of the analog computer is included. KW - Analog computers KW - Design KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Propulsion KW - Ship motion KW - Tanker propulsion KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026352 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, CONTAINMENT VESSEL THERMAL INVESTIGATION PY - 1961/06/14 SP - 100 p. AB - Thermal shock on the N.S. Savannah containment vessel is analyzed when subjected to an internal releasing primary fluid (steam and water) and simultaneously cooling the external surface of the vessel. It was assumed that water could flow into the ducts in the reactor compartment and contact the containment vessel after flooding had reached a sufficient height. Conditions and effects of cold water on the containment vessel are calculated under realistically assumed conditions. Since thermal shock failures of ductile materials require repetitive cycles of rapidly changing temperatures, it was concluded that failure of the containment vessel by a single thermal shock would not take place. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Thermal shock UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026390 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - INSTRUMENTATION BATTERY TESTING PY - 1961/06/05 SP - 21 p. AB - Continued instrumentation battery failure on the N.S. Savannah led to tests to determine the actual battery characteristics, and to evaluate these characteristics with respect to ship's specifications and technical adequacy. During plant operation prior to core loading, battery capacity must be adequate to supply the AC bus during switching transients on the ship's bus and at other times when the main bus is dead. Following core loading and prior to final ship delivery, battery capacity must be adequate to supply the instrument bus during switching transients experienced on the main bus. It must also supply the AC bus for a sufficient time following complete loss of ship's power to ensure that the reactor is safely subcritical and that the existence of concurrently arising radiation problems is known. A simplified diagram of the instrumentation bus is provided. KW - Electric batteries KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation instrumentation KW - Radiation monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026475 AU - Baxter, R J AU - Bergman, J E AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH CORE 2, PRODUCT QUALITY REPORT PY - 1961/06 SP - 26 p. AB - Principal product characteristics of the N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel are presented graphically. Data are based on measurements and analyses made throughout the manufacturing process. Data sheets show a frequency distribution and average value compared to design limits. KW - Information processing KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026380 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - SHIELD DESIGN PROCEDURES PY - 1961/06 SP - 105 p. AB - Procedures are presented for estimating secondary shielding design which are thought to be simple enough to be used by relatively inexperienced personnel. Introductory terminology and concepts are presented in the first section. Section 2 and 3 describe methods of obtaining the characteristics of the basic secondary shield and the added allowances for penetrations and local shielding. An empirical method of estimating weight and space requirements for primary shielding is presented next. Alternative methods and materials for the fabrication and installation of shields are discussed in Section 5. Sections 6 and 7 are concerned with methods for the development of the secondary shield in addition to discussing a point source computer code for determining direct radiation dose rates and dose rates from gamma scattering. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Radiation shielding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026404 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - HAND CALCULATION METHOD FOR PRELIMINARY SHIELD DESIGN PY - 1961/06 SP - 55 p. AB - The hand calculation method provides a means of estimating secondary shielding requirements during preliminary ship design stages. It was developed to compute dose rates from the primary loop of water moderated and cooled reactors of the pressurized or boiling water types. This report provides background information on the fundamentals and terminology of shield design, describes the principles of the hand calculation method and contains instructions, from and data for the application. KW - Design KW - Mathematical methods KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Nuclear reactors (Water cooled) KW - Radiation shielding KW - Water cooled reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026347 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS IN REPORT ESI-2(B)-1 PY - 1961/05/25 SP - 26 p. AB - A current summary of recommendations is made of a functional analysis report of the various reactor systems for the N.S. Savannah. A summary of general recommendations includes controls, annunciators, instrument power supplies, thermocouple lead wires, and diaphragm operated valve indicating lights. Detailed recommendations include nuclear instrumentation and safety, reactor control, cooling, buffer seal, sampling, waste collection and disposal, radiation monitoring, and primary and secondary systems. Recommendations are given for the control air supply and measurement of steam generators and pressurizer water levels. Equipment placement recommendations are also provided for the buffer seal system. KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026383 AU - General Dynamics TI - PRELIMINARY SAFEGUARDS REPORT FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL BERYLLIUM OXIDE REACTOR (EBOR) PY - 1961/05/15 SP - 87 p. AB - Summary safeguard information for the experimental beryllium oxide reactor (EBOR) to be located at the National Reactor Test Station at Arco, Idaho is given. The EBOR is designed to develop the concept of the beryllia-moderated gas-cooled reactor. Experiment objectives are to demonstrate reactor safety, reliability, operability, and controllability, to provide a basis for developing specific power plant applications, and to advance high temperature gas-cooled reactor technology. The experimental facility has been analyzed sufficiently to establish that it may be operated safely. This report covers site, facility and experimental equipment description, plant operation, and hazards evaluation. KW - Design KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Test facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026432 AU - Vanstone, R A AU - Brewer Engineering Laboratories, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH PRIMARY SYSTEM PRE-CRITICAL WATER HAMMER TEST PY - 1961/05/12 SP - 258 p. AB - The results of pre-critical water hammer tests of the primary coolant system of the N. S. Savannah are presented. The testing program was carried out in two phases, and comprised the experimental measurement of water hammer pressures and the associated reactor and loop piping stresses over the temperature range 125 F to 410 F. Weldable electric resistance strain gages were utilized during both phases and pressure cells were used during the first phase. The strain gages were evaluated and tested prior to installation in the loops. The validity of the data was checked by comparison with theoretical predictions when applicable. Included is an evaluation supporting the use of weldable type strain gages to measure both water pressure fluctuations and reactor system stresses. It concludes that strain gages of this type are of great value for this type of stress study. Maximum incremental pressures were encountered during Phase 1 testing. Maximum water hammer pressure occurring during Phase 2 was 157 psi at Check Valve PS-4. This occurred during Run 1 at 185 F and approximately 135 psi loop pressure. Maximum positive incremental mechanical stress was 475 psi at the "Y" junction in the port loop during Run 1 at 298 F and 825 psi. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Reliability KW - Strain gages KW - Systems reliability KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026348 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, REPORT ON CONTROL ROD ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE ALARM CIRCUITRY PY - 1961/05/05 SP - 7 p. AB - Proposed revision of the gas pressure, hydraulic pressure, and liquid detector alarm circuits on each of the control rod devices will enable the operators to determine when any number of alarms up to a total of five have occurred for each of the three functions. In the present system, when a rod has an accumulator malfunction, a switch is thrown on the control rod drive cubicle to silence the alarm on the main console. This energizes a relay to set up a continuous alarm circuit whenever a second switch is thrown. Thus, when the second rod has the same accumulator malfunction an alarm sounds immediately and continues after the switch on the second rod has been thrown. It is proposed to redesign this alarm circuit so that throwing the switch on the second, third, or fourth rod that has the same malfunction will silence the control room alarm each time and also light the respective indicating light on the rod cubicle. The circuit would produce a continuous alarm when the fifth rod had the same malfunction in the accumulator. A schematic of the proposed circuit is provided. KW - Alarm systems KW - Control systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026384 AU - Dial, B C AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - OBSERVATIONS ABOARD THE S.S. DOCTOR LYKES, VOYAGE NUMBER 55 PY - 1961/05/01 SP - 220 p. AB - A study of operations aboard typical ocean-going freight vessels is reported. This report covers observations aboard the S.S. Doctor Lykes on Voyage No. 55 from the Gulf Coast to the Mediterranean. It also considers such shoreside operations as appeared to bear most directly on vessel manning and shipboard operations. Vessel operating information detailed covers: (1) man-hours and costs for shipboard operations and activities; (2) descriptions of methods, techniques, equipment and policies; (3) possible application of technical developments in other fields suggested by voyage observations; (4) the utility or usage of various pieces of equipment; and (5) suggestions for design or construction changes toward operational betterments. KW - Cargo ships KW - Personnel performance KW - Shipboard operations KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027905 AU - Duke, D M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - A LIST OF REPORTS, PAPERS, BOOKS AND ARTICLES PUBLISHED ON THE NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP SAVANNAH PY - 1961/05 SP - 41 p. AB - This document is a bibliographic listing of report, books and articles prepared by Babcock and Wilcox Company in connection with their work on the Nuclear Ship Savannah. KW - Bibliographies KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027665 AU - Sperry Piedmont Company TI - SHIP'S BRIDGE CONTROL SYSTEM CONSOLE, SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1961/05 SP - 40 p. AB - Specifications are presented for the ship's bridge control system console. A statement of work is first given for system, electrical, and mechanical designs; breadboards and mock-ups; design plans and drawings; prototype fabrication; tools and special test equipment; spare parts list; manufacture test and shipments; installation, shipboard tests, and acceptance; and maintenance, evaluation, and training. Procedures are also given for technical manuals, progress reports, design decision, changes in scope, and approvals. The bulk of the report consists of system specifications for: steering station, position plot, navigation aids, communications, radar, and ship condition subconsoles; open bridge console, target altitude and azimuth equipment, recording equipment; and 400 CPS power supply. Customer furnished material is listed, and figures are included. KW - Bridge consoles KW - Bridges (Ships) KW - Conning KW - Conning systems KW - Consoles KW - Control consoles KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026428 AU - Birmingham, J T AU - David Taylor Model Basin TI - PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF VIBRATION GENERATOR TESTS ON NS SAVANNAH AT DOCKSIDE PY - 1961/05 SP - 36 p. AB - Vibration-generator tests were made on N.S. Savannah at dockside in shallow water with none of the ship's equipment operating. Amplitudes of vibration measured on the hull and on selected items of equipment are reported. Areas where vibrations were excessive are listed. Recommendations are made for improving the vibratory response of items associated with the nuclear power plant. KW - Equipment tests KW - Hull vibration KW - Hulls KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026351 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, NUCLEAR CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION CRITERIA AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1961/04/14 SP - 30 p. AB - Design objectives of a well-integrated set of reactor controls and instrumentation are presented to ensure maximum continuity of propulsion and ship's-service power from the N.S. Savannah reactor. Utilization of the more recent benefits of research and development applicable to these systems emphasizes reliability and human engineering factors. These factors determine mean time between failures, downtime when a failure does occur, and the ease of installation, maintenance, calibration, trouble-shooting, and operations of the equipment. Requirements for an improved system, evaluation of existing design of the reactor controls and instrumentation, and the considerations required for evaluation of these two systems are presented. KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Human factors engineering KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026375 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - TECHNICAL PRESENTATION TO U.S. COAST GUARD, N.S. SAVANNAH REACTOR HEAD PY - 1961/04/14 SP - 52 p. AB - The technical presentation for the N.S. Savannah reactor head, made to the Coast Guard, is given. Data is included on: buttering of "J" grooves, method of welding nozzles to the head, internal stainless steel cladding of mechanism tubes, external carbon steel buttering of mechanism tubes, stainless steel weld buttering on ends of nozzles, and weld between nozzle forging and the bi-metal tube. A sketch of the method of attaching nozzles to the head is included, as are the meeting agenda and correspondence. The ASME boiler and pressure vessel code is also attached. KW - Automatic welding KW - Bonding KW - Bonding and joining KW - Design KW - Nozzle stress KW - Nozzles KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026238 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - FAIL-SAFE AND COINCIDENCE CIRCUITRY ON REACTOR SAFETY SYSTEM PY - 1961/04/13 SP - 19 p. AB - Proposed revisions for the safety system on the N.S. Savannah include fail-safe circuitry to ensure scram action whenever scram conditions exist, and coincident circuitry to require two of three signals prior to scram to prevent spurious outages. Fail-safe circuitry will initiate a scram signal in the event a circuit or channel cannot carry one. Applied to two out of three coincident circuitry, a scram must be initiated on an auctioneered basis involving the remaining two channels after failure of any one channel. Existing nuclear scram circuits are not considered adequately fail-safe for operation of the N.S. Savannah. KW - Control systems KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026342 AU - Michelsen, F C AU - Couch, R B AU - Kim, H C AU - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor TI - RESISTANCE AND PROPULSION TESTS ON TWO SERIES 60 MODELS PY - 1961/04 SP - 23 p. AB - Report presents the result of resistance and self-propulsion tests of two David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) Series 60 parent models carried out at the ship model towing tank at the University of Michigan. Original DTMB parent models were 20 feet long compared to the 14 foot models used at Michigan. DTMB data was used as the basis for comparison. Instrumentation and techniques for propulsion and propeller tests were developed. Data was correlated from the Michigan tank with those of DTMB. Resistance, open-water, and self-propulsion test results are given in graphical form. KW - Dynamometers KW - Model testing KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Test procedures KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026350 AU - Engholm, B A AU - Pearson, T B AU - General Dynamics TI - ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF NUCLEAR AND CONVENTIONAL CONTAINER SHIPS PY - 1961/03/03 SP - 27 p. AB - Preliminary economic performance of a 10,000-ton-cargo high-speed container ship powered by an advanced maritime gas-cooled reactor is reported, and a comparison shown with a fossil-fueled vessel. Operating costs are determined for a short voyage and a long voyage. The nuclear-propulsion-cycle conditions are 1500 F helium outlet temperature and 1150 psia maximum pressure. Beryllia cladding, moderator, and reflector are specified, and the nuclear fuel cycle is the "out-in" reshuffling type. An economic summary provides nuclear or steam plant, propulsion system, and hull and outfit ship construction costs for both systems, as well as operating costs and cargo capacities for various voyage lengths and crew sizes. KW - Containerships KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Operating costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026366 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - INSTRUCTIONS, ENGINEERS OPERATING MANUAL MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES SYSTEMS, NS SAVANNAH PY - 1961/03 SP - 311 p. AB - Material presented in the manual, based on design and construction information applicable to the New York Shipbuilding Corporation built vessel (Maritime Administration Number 55), provides general instruction for the operation of engineering piping and electrical systems and related equipment at maximum efficiency, supplemental to the content of the Government Furnished Engineers Operating Manual for Nuclear Reactor and Propulsion Plant. Part 1 contains pertinent information on auxiliary machinery and equipment rating, tank capacities and references to manufacturers' instruction books. Part 2 offers a general description of the principal engineering piping systems, with accompanying diagrammatic arrangement plans and detailed description and instruction for the manner of operation. The third part contains information concerning the electrical plant and installations with accompanying diagrams, including a general description of the systems and detailed instructions for the operation of the vital electrical equipment. In general, the illustrations included are schematic or diagrammatic and are not intended to be used as working drawings. KW - Electrical systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Operational procedures KW - Operations KW - Piping systems KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026361 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, INVESTIGATION OF CONTAINMENT VESSEL STRENGTH PY - 1961/02/24 SP - 200 p. AB - Investigation of the structural strength of the containment vessel in the N.S. Savannah includes: a review of New York Shipbuilding Corp. calculations to check for accuracy of methods and assumptions, and for completeness; an analysis of the effect of external pressure on the vessel; an elastic stress analysis of the main stiffener rings with the ship at an inclination of 90 degrees; an investigation to determine a method of reinforcing the containment vessel where necessary to limit stresses to within the elastic limit; and an investigation based on plastic analysis to determine the ultimate load the containment vessel could sustain. All analyses and conclusions are based on the assumption that the external supports are capable of supporting the calculated reactions and that these supports will not deflect appreciably. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials KW - Strength analysis KW - Strength of materials KW - Structural stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026362 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, SWAY BRACING ANALYSIS PY - 1961/02/10 SP - 102 p. AB - Steam generators on the N.S. Savannah require bracing to withstand the forces resulting from a 90 degree inclination with an added acceleration force of one g. Analysis included checking stresses in the steam generators, in the support steel, and in the connected primary piping, and investigated alternate schemes for anchoring the steam generators. With the present design, the calculated stress in the 1-1/4 inch thick baseplate supporting the steam generator would be 145,000 psi which is in excess of the 60,000 psi ultimate strength of the material. Installation of longer shoulder bolts for anchoring the steam generator saddle support plate directly to the foundation steel relieved the bending stress in the baseplate under the saddle support plate. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural stability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026391 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - REPORT OF INVESTIGATION OF N.S. SAVANNAH REACTOR FILTER PLUGGING PY - 1961/02/06 SP - 12 p. AB - A gradually increasing loop pressure drop with a corresponding decrease in coolant flow rate during a test program on the N.S. Savannah was indicative of a decrease in the effective filter area of the reactor cleanup filter due to plugging. The primary loop was drained in preparation for removal and cleaning of the reactor filter. No filter packing was found at either nozzle packing gland; the bottom of the reactor vessel and the inside surface of the filter appeared clean; and no apparent damage to the inner or outer screen was noted. However, considerable foreign material was found on the filter screen, the filter nozzle insert piece, and the cavity formed by the core support ledge. Inspections and cleaning operations were performed on the steam generator inlet plenum chambers, the buffer seal surge tank, the waste storage tanks, and the primary pump "O" rings. A new filter screen of the same size and material was installed following a complete wash and wipedown of the reactor vessel surfaces and primary piping outlet nozzles. The silicone rubber gasket material was replaced by stainless steel cone-shaped seal rings. KW - Filters KW - Filtration KW - Filtration systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026349 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY SYSTEM BOLTING PY - 1961/02 SP - 65 p. AB - Bolts used for holding all components of the N.S. Savannah primary high pressure systems inside the containment vessel are reviewed under normal operating and emergency conditions. Bolts designed for specific service applications which are not necessarily covered by the American Standards Association (ASA) ratings and are not standard industrial items were tested under primary gasket leak, additional vertical weight, additional force, and nuclear radiation conditions. Bolts designed and fabricated in accordance with ASA standards to conform to specified temperature ratings were reviewed with respect to primary system diagrams, equipment specifications and drawings, bills of materials, and reports and operating manuals. KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026385 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH CONTAINMENT VESSEL THERMAL SHOCK INVESTIGATION PY - 1961/02 SP - 23 p. AB - In thermal shock the thermal stresses are produced by transient temperature gradients of a sudden nature. The thermal stresses are determined by the temperature distribution at any instant during the time of shock. The possibility of thermal shock on the N.S. Savannah containment vessel is investigated when it is subjected to an internal incident releasing primary fluid (steam or water) and simultaneously cooled on the external surface by reactor compartment flooding. Thermal shock conditions were established for "a worst possible case" since the exact velocity, temperature, and shock duration are unknown. The vessel shell is composed of a ductile material and can withstand appreciable strain before rupture. The calculated compressive thermal stresses as a result of a single cycle thermal condition do not exceed the minimum yield strength of 38,000 psi which exists at the assumed metal temperature of 365 F. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal shock UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026379 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - DETECTION OF FAILED FUEL ELEMENTS IN THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OF N.S. SAVANNAH, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SYSTEM DESIGN AND PREPARATION OF OPERATING PROCEDURES PY - 1961/01/24 SP - 18 p. AB - In an addendum to a supplement report for applying a fuel element detector system to the N.S. Savannah, methods are described for 1) detecting fuel failure at an early stage, 2) determining the location of a failed element during plant operations, and 3) testing single assemblies for failure after plant shutdown. The addendum elaborates on the eventual usefulness of the proposed detection system and suggests work to be done to insure that detection equipment designs and associated plant operating procedures that are developed yield maximum results. Recommendations are given for the development of procedures for failure detection by varying local power levels, the addition of fresh fuel elements during core life, and the application of radiation detection equipment. A list of specific and general references is included. KW - Failure analysis KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Radiation monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027562 AU - McCurdy, H C AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION TI - MARITIME REACTOR PROJECT, ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 1960 PY - 1961/01/17 SP - 60 p. AB - A summary of the continued technical assistance provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory to the development of the N.S. Savannah is presented. During the specified period, a design review was made of the Core 2 design, fabrication specifications and test work. Experimental measurements were made of the Core 2 UO2 fuel pellets and results indicate that the N.S. Savannah oxide compares favorably with other oxide fuels. The development of improved waste disposal techniques was completed. Work on advanced fuel materials consisted of metallurgical investigations of alternate fabrication methods for encapsulating UO2 in stainless steel. The construction of the pressurized-water in-pile test loop was completed and operation has begun. A schematic diagram of the loop is provided. KW - Design KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026430 AU - Cochran, R G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. FUEL ASSEMBLY TOP TIE PLATE LEAF SPRING TESTS PY - 1961/01/10 SP - 21 p. AB - This report covers the analysis of data and tests performed to ascertain the dimension to apply to the upper tie plate leaf springs of the N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel assemblies designed by General Electric Company. The as-built N.S. Savannah Core 1 fuel containers, not designed or fabricated by General Electric Company, into which the Core 2 fuel assemblies will be placed, were not fabricated within drawing tolerance. It is, therefore, necessary to examine the as-built container dimensions and deflection characteristics in order to arrive at workable fuel assembly leaf spring dimensions. Tests on the single cell container and leaf spring were conducted. On the basis of the analysis it is recommended that the tie plate leaf spring dimensions should be 8.789 and 8.814 inches for second and third pass fuel assemblies, respectively. (Author) KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026422 AU - Cochran, R G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. ANALYSIS OF PARTICULAR MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CORE 2 FUEL ASSEMBLY PY - 1961/01/09 SP - 40 p. AB - Design of the N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel assembly is determined by analysis of mechanical characteristics. The limits of fuel assembly center spacer deflection are indicated by fuel rod length variation tests. The maximum impact loading of the center spacer lobes on the fuel container walls during pitch and roll conditions of the ship is determined by angle of inclination, velocity, and acceleration calculations. Minimum fuel rod bow clearances are established for rod-to-rod and rod-to-container conditions. Fuel rod clearance factors include dimensional tolerance buildup, design tolerance allowances, and bowing due to vibration, axial loads, gravitational loads, and differential temperature. Maximum fuel assembly center spacer lobe load and its effect on the fuel container walls is given for 30-degree roll and ship-on-its-side conditions. Analysis indicates the optimum position of center spacer corner lobes is in the corner fuel rod of the 117-rod array, resulting in a decrease in the container wall bending stress. KW - Fuel elements KW - Mechanical properties KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026396 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SERVICING SITE EVALUATION PY - 1961/01/08 SP - 27 p. AB - The organization, training, and specific functions involved in servicing the N.S. Savannah at Galveston, Texas, Yorktown, Virginia, and New York Harbor are described. Details on site concepts and functions, and the location of personnel, equipment and facilities are provided. The various phases of the Savannah's initial operating period are defined with Todd Shipyards' operation during those periods described. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Port operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026397 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH REFUELING SITE COMPARISONS; ECONOMIC AND SAFETY PY - 1961/01/08 SP - 25 p. AB - The safety features and costs related to refueling the N.S. Savannah at Yorktown, Virginia and Sandy Hook in New York Harbor are analyzed and compared to those for Galveston, Texas. Refueling costs were estimated by comparing personnel requirements and the elapsed time of the refueling operation at each site. Safety features of each site are compared on the basis of population, climatology and hydrology. Results indicate the cost of refueling to be greater at Sandy Hook and Yorktown than at Galveston. KW - Costs KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Marine terminals KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Port finance KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026381 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - REPORT ON REACTOR COMPARTMENT MODEL TESTS PY - 1961/01 SP - 47 p. AB - Conservative calculations show that the reactor compartment of the N.S. Savannah, if sealed and without considering heat sink, will serve as an additional barrier from primary containment leaks equivalent to an opening of 1.2 inches in diameter or less; but the reactor compartment cannot be considered as an additional barrier if it is assumed that a large rupture occurs in the containment vessel. Tests with pressure suppression show conclusively that a liquid heat sink is effective in suppressing pressure. The report discusses the design and construction of the test model and the tests performed, and provides related figures and tables. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation shielding KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026340 AU - Mathay, P W AU - General Electric TI - MARITIME LOOP IRRADIATION PROGRAM FOR SAVANNAH 1 FUEL--PRE-IRRADIATION AND EXAMINATION OF NMSR-GETR TEST FUEL ASSEMBLIES 1 & 2 PY - 1961/01 SP - 37 p. AB - Two Savannah Core 1 test fuel assemblies, each containing nine fuel rods of a 3 x 3 rod array in a square configuration, were given pre-irradiation examinations. The fuel assemblies were proof-tested in the boiling water loop of a test reactor within defined loop parameters and irradiation conditions to approximate the N.S. Savannah reactor operations. Dimensional measurements of both fuel assemblies were performed for comparison with the five interim pool examinations, and the final post-irradiation examination. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026393 AU - Nederlandsch Scheepsbouwkundig Proefstation TI - REPORT ON TESTS CARRIED OUT WITH A SHIP MODEL REPRESENTING THE TANKER DESIGN T7-N-MA 562 PY - 1961/01 SP - 25 p. AB - Results are reported on tests of a ship model representing a single screw tanker. The tests were performed to obtain data on the maximum possible power absorption on large single screw tankers. Tests were made of models of propellers designed to absorb 30,000 SHP. KW - Energy consumption KW - Performance KW - Power prediction KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion tests KW - Propulsive performance KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026561 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - SAN FRANCISCO SITE REPORT PY - 1961 SP - 45 p. AB - Environmental data regarding the port of San Francisco and the operation of nuclear powered ships are summarized. N.S. Savannah operations are reviewed, but focus is on the general site description, including: physical characteristics, geology, seismology, hydrology, climatology, population, water supply, industrial characteristics, agriculture, marine foods, and port environmental surveillance. Consequences of credible accidents are considered, and proposed N.S. Savannah exposure criteria under emergency conditions are also included in an appendix. KW - California KW - Emergency contingency plans KW - Marine terminals KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Ship operations KW - Standards KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3148 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00026443 JO - Publication of: Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers PB - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers AU - Lewis, E AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - RESEARCH TOWARDS MORE EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION BY SEA PY - 1961 VL - 69 SP - p. 129-201 AB - This paper attempts to show that more efficient overseas transportation is a vital need at this point in history for the world in general and the United States in particular. It is suggested that planned economic and social changes can, with the aid of modern technology, produce vastly improved transportation systems in response to this urgent need. A research and development program directed toward such improved transportation by sea is outlined, beginning with the problems of water transportation systems-including economic and sociological aspects, ports and terminals and ship operation. Research projects in the area of ship design and construction are then considered, covering technical problems of automation, cargo handling, power plants, and economical construction. On the thesis that advances in the design of overseas transportation systems-through the introduction of an optimum degree of unitization of cargoes, automation, and co-ordination with land transport-will make advances in fundamental technical knowledge imperative, an immediate research program is recommended in the fields of ship powering, seakeeping, controllability, and structures. Suggestions are also given for basic research, and the paper concludes with a discussion of the problem of administration of maritime research in the United States. The material presented is intended as a basis for discussion rather than as a final research program. KW - Maritime research KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/4026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026367 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - FORECAST FOR TRADE ON US MARITIME ROUTE 10 PY - 1961 SP - 37 p. AB - Trends in commerce over maritime Trade Route 10 by 1975 are reported, summarizing trade projections for both U.S. imports and exports. Imports include: inedible crude materials, except fuels; foods, excluding cereals, sugar, and coffee; unmanufactured tobacco; base metals excluding iron and steel; alcoholic beverages; animal and vegetable oils and fats; and chemicals. Exports include: mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials; animal and vegetable oils, fats, greases, and derivatives; inedible crude materials, except fuels; cereal and cereal preparations; miscellaneous manufactured articles; iron and steel; chemicals; manufactured goods classified chiefly by material, excluding base metals; road motor vehicles; machinery and transport equipment; and beverages and tobacco. The methodology employed in the study is outlined briefly, and appendices are provided which summarize results of analysis. Graphs are included on trade by commodity groups between the United States and the Mediterranean area. KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Imports KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026382 AU - Resner, E P AU - Robinson, J G AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH: HEALTH PHYSICS OPERATIONS MANUAL PY - 1961 SP - 145 p. AB - This manual specifies the health physics requirements for refueling, criticality, and power testing of the N.S. Savannah nuclear power plant. It details the required health physics procedures, and the technical methods for carrying out, interpreting, and reporting these procedures and the information obtained therefrom. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Refueling KW - Safety KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026395 AU - Holtzinger, K AU - MCLEOD, R AU - Meghrian, J AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - SAFEGUARDS REPORT; SERVICING OF THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1961 SP - 313 p. AB - This report details the necessary safeguards in servicing the N.S. Savannah at its proposed home port at Brooklyn Shipyards, New York. The first section of the report describes the site, Todd Shipyards Corporation organization, and summarizes the maximum credible accidents (MCA). Section two through six each discuss a type of servicing: barge operation, waste transfer, drydocking, maintenance, and refueling. Each describes the equipment and process used and then postulates the serious credible accidents. The seventh section, on Health Physics, covers radiation safety as it applies to all types of servicing. The effects of the MCA, arrived at in sections two through six, on the Brooklyn Shipyard and surrounding area are discussed in section eight. KW - Crashes KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Port operations KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026370 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NOZZLE DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING PROGRAM FOR ENERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEM PY - 1961 SP - 28 p. AB - Results are presented on a study made to determine the best design for the Emergency Core Cooling (ECC) system penetration into the buffer seal. Through the use of dye penetrant methods and sectioning, it was found that the pin type weld may be reliably performed. The study also concludes that the thermal sleeve attachment method is satisfactory, thereby demonstrating that the rolling technique is suitable for the reactor installation. There was no evidence of failure of the flange or the piping joint after both hydrostatic and thermal shock tests. KW - Nozzle stress KW - Nozzles KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Stresses KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026386 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - TECHNICAL PRESS INFORMATION N.S. SAVANNAH PY - 1961 SP - 146 p. AB - This technical information packet contains descriptive material and illustration which may be used at any time in the preparation of material for public use concerning the N.S. Savannah. The packet consists of: 1) a fact sheet on the N.S. Savannah; 2) background information on the Savannah project; 3) description of the hull and outfitting and the propulsion plant; 4) safety considerations; 5) tests and operational plans; 6) personnel training; and 7) Savannah equipment procurement and names of major vendors. Appended material covers the containment vessel design and construction, and the mock-up of the nuclear power plant. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026284 AU - Benford, H AU - United Aircraft Corporation TI - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SEMI-AUTOMATED SHIP PY - 1960/12/21 SP - 23 p. AB - An economic comparison is made of two Mariner-type ships; one a conventional vessel and the other a proposed semi-automated ship. United Aircraft was responsible for estimating the first cost and maintenance costs for the automation equipment and the author estimates other economic factors. The report concludes that United Aircraft's shipboard automation appears economically feasible, can be applied to ships in either long or short trade routes with equal success, and would provide little, if any, benefit to subsidized operators under the present subsidy law. KW - Automatic vessel control KW - Automation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Operating subsidies KW - Ship automation KW - Ships KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026223 AU - Marburger, I L AU - HOWELL, D W AU - Liffengren, D J AU - Worthington, J T AU - Meukow, J W AU - General Electric TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION, MARITIME LOOP IRRADIATION PROGRAM, SAVANNAH 1 FUEL IRRADIATION PY - 1960/12/15 SP - 65 p. AB - Results are presented of an investigation to determine the nuclear, hydraulic, and thermal operating conditions for the N.S. Savannah fuel prototype which will be irradiated in the General Electric Test Reactor Boiling Water Loop. The irradiation will serve as a proof test of the fuel rods under reference nuclear and plant operating conditions. All values are within the limitations specified by the test assembly manufacturer with the exception of the 80 F temperature gradient across the fuel clad thickness. The result of thermal flux calculations performed to confirm the design requirements for the irradiation of the NMSR-GETR test assembly indicated that a peak heat flux of 300,000 Btu/hr/ft could be attained using zircalogy for the shroud can and installing a flux window to minimize the amount of moderating water between the test facility test section and the reactor pressure vessel. Studies indicate sufficient bypass flow is provided to prevent boiling in the area between the outside of the shroud can and the pressure tube surrounding the test assembly and shroud can, and a burn-out ratio of 2 or greater is maintained. Calculations were performed to determine both the axial and radial temperature profiles of the fuel elements at various velocities. KW - Fuel elements KW - Fuel systems KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026254 AU - Weissert, L R AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - FUEL ELEMENT DEVELOPMENT FOR THE NS SAVANNAH--CORE 1 PY - 1960/12/14 SP - 14 p. AB - Irradiation testing is reported of fuel elements for the pressurized water reactor used as the power source for the N.S. Savannah. The objective of the tests was to obtain data sufficient to permit favorable engineering judgment as to the safety and soundness of the fuel element design with respect to materials, mechanical integrity, thermal capabilities, and core design capabilities over the expected lifetime. Photographs, comprising the bulk of the report, are included to illustrate some of the capsule experiments described. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026221 AU - Rally, F C AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE FUEL RODS USED IN THE NS SAVANNAH CORE 2 PY - 1960/12/01 SP - 12 p. AB - In GEAP 3339, investigation is made of the bending, thermal, and pressure stresses in the N.S. Savannah Core 2 stainless steel fuel cladding operating at maximum overpower conditions. The pressures and thermal gradients utilized to compute stresses in the clad have been up-dated. Utilizing the up-dated values of thermal gradients and pressures, this report presents new clad stresses based on formulation presented in GEAP 3339. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026280 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NUCLEAR SERVICING VESSEL ATOMIC SERVANT, OPERATING MANUAL PY - 1960/12 SP - 179 p. AB - This manual provides general instruction for the operation of the ventilating and heating system, the waste processing system, the fuel pit cooling system, the electrical distribution system, the radiation monitoring systems, and the plug removal block of the nuclear servicing vessel Atomic Servant. This manual is intended to be a supplement to the manufacturer's instruction books for the items of equipment and does not contain duplicate information or detailed instructions for many routine operating procedures. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiation monitoring KW - Radiological safety KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste discharge management KW - Waste management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026220 AU - DAVIS, F W AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REACTOR DECONTAMINATION, A LITERATURE REVIEW WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DECONTAMINATION OF THE NS SAVANNAH REACTOR PY - 1960/12 SP - 61 p. AB - The problem of reactor decontamination is discussed and a review of the unclassified literature published after 1952 on chemical decontamination methods is presented. On the basis of this review recommendations are made for chemicals and procedures to be used in chemical decontaminations of the NS Savannah primary system. KW - Bibliographies KW - Contaminants KW - Decontamination KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026278 AU - MacLeod, R E AU - Meghrian, J AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - WASTE HANDLING AND TRANSFER PROCEDURES, N.S. SAVANNAH, FINAL DRAFT PY - 1960/11/30 SP - 56 p. AB - This report contains specific procedures for the waste handling and transfer operations of the N.S. Savannah. Each procedure describes in detail the equipment needed and the prescribed operation necessary to perform the required function. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste discharge management KW - Waste management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2955 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026279 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - SAVANNAH SERVICING STUDY PY - 1960/11/29 SP - 20 p. AB - Responsibility for maintenance and repair, refueling, waste transfer and other operations of the N.S. Savannah are discussed. Detailed organizational and procedural arrangements for these operations along with specific steps to be accomplished in covering the special requirements during start-up, dock and sea trials, and post sea trial periods are presented. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor refueling KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste discharge management KW - Waste management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026330 AU - Malley, J D AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SAVANNAH UPGRADING PROGRAM ION-EXCHANGER ARRANGEMENTS PY - 1960/11/11 SP - 7 p. AB - The following task was assigned to B&W by the Atomic Energy Commission: Demineralizer Rearrangement: Investigate rearranging demineralizer so that two units are in series at all times. Consider such items as piping changes, decontamination factor, and bedlife. In the broad sense, this question asks what resin or filtration medium permutations can be made to improve the service life, decontamination factor, and overall operational efficiency of the primary purification system demineralizer units, and minimize the effect of breakthrough. These improvements must be compatible with the present system. Resolution of this assignment is made by considering the advantages and disadvantages of five possible ion-exchange resin and/or filter medium arrangements. These five arrangements include the present system design which is included as a basis of comparison. It is concluded that a scheme which uses a cation resin bed in series with a mixed bed demineralizer is the most advantageous rearrangement. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026301 AU - Dikinis, D V AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - RELUCTANCE MOTOR TEST PY - 1960/11/01 SP - 13 p. AB - Data from torque, radial moment, and temperature tests establish the operating limits of the N.S. Savannah prototype reluctance motor. With maximum torque required to rotate the rotor engagement approximately 2 lb/ft at the end of mechanism life, the dynamic and static torque characteristics were found sufficient for latching torque. The radial moment test determined if the sufficient radial moment was available to latch and hold the arms with the minimum operating current. Temperature tests determined stator dissipation characteristics. The stator was found to meet all operational requirements. Battery power with 100 V was considered sufficient to latch and rotate the rotor under dc emergency operation providing the rod insertion speed was 60 inches per minute. Input of 120 Vdc provided a minimum of 20, additional torque and latching moments. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Stators KW - Torque UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027593 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 4: ANALYSIS OF HYPOTHETICAL ACCIDENTS PY - 1960/11 VL - 4 SP - 199 p. AB - This volume summarizes the analyses of representative hypothetical marine reactor accidents to the N.S. Savannah in relation to the safety features of the power plant and the ship. Power plant accidents described include reactivity accidents, mechanical failures, and miscellaneous accidents such as fire within the containment vessel or failure of the waste management system. Detailed analyses is made of the accidents to which any ship is exposed in normal operation including collision, grounding, flooding, sinking, heavy weather, fire, and explosion. Extensive drawings and tables accompany the descriptions. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026314 AU - Paulson, A E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CORE NUCLEAR CALCULATIONS ON PRELIMINARY CORE DESIGN FOR 30,000 SHP TANKER APPLICATION PY - 1960/10 SP - 19 p. AB - The economic and technical evaluation of a preliminary, newly designed nuclear core for 30,000 SHP tanker application is presented. The preliminary core, description of control schemes, description of a reshuffle scheme, and fuel costs for the first three core life cycles are discussed. Results and parameters of nuclear calculations are also discussed. KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Ship design KW - Tankers KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026310 AU - Lundgren, C E AU - Sawochka, S G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. BURN-OUT ANALYSIS PY - 1960/09/20 SP - 15 p. AB - An up-to-date analysis of burn-out in the General Electric core for the N.S. Savannah is added to the fuel design and development program. Sub channel "E" in a centrally located fuel channel in the third pass imposes the most severe burn-out conditions. Burn-out is expected at 3.85 times rated power, the minimum burn-out margin at 25% overpower being 4.39. Consideration also is given to bulk boiling and the rate of constant flow through the control element slots. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026268 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - SAFEGUARDS REPORT, ADDITIONAL DESIGN FEATURES, NS SAVANNAH, SUPPLEMENT TO VOLUME 1 PY - 1960/09/16 SP - 22 p. AB - Additional safeguards cited refer to reactor compartment ventilation and the monitoring of reactor compartment leakage. A continuous monitoring system for containment vessel leakage is also considered. KW - Emission control systems KW - Exhaust gases KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026272 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT TEST, START-UP AND TRIALS PY - 1960/09/16 SP - 173 p. AB - The plan for conducting the power plant and ship tests necessary to achieve successful operation of the N.S. Savannah in a safe and efficient manner is described. The test program objectives are: (1) to prepare the ship for safe and uninterrupted operation by a series of tests leading to start-up and operation of the power plant and operation of the ship; (2) to evaluate the performance of components and the installation of systems to determine that all equipment operates as an integrated plant; (3) to provide additional training of the crew; and (4) to evaluate operating procedures for inclusion in the Ship's Operating Manual and Component Instruction Manuals. Over half of the report contain appendices which provide a description of the health physics program at the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, a list of principal reactor plant tests to be performed, a sample test specification and test memorandum, and the Maritime Administration's procedure for testing machinery. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Ship operations KW - Ship trials KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026315 AU - Holcomb, R R AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION TI - MARITIME REACTOR WASTE DISPOSAL STUDIES: SOLIDIFICATION OF ION-EXCHANGE RESIN WITH PORTLAND CEMENT FOR RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL PY - 1960/09/13 SP - 16 p. AB - A procedure is reported for the sea disposal, by fixation in concrete with Portland cement, of ion-exchange resins containing sorbed fission products and filtered corrosion products. The results of sea disposal of both treated and untreated resins is presented. For the fixation of nuclear reactor-system demineralizer resin in cement, a mixture of 2 parts of cement, 1 part of resin, and 1 part of water was found to be optimum. A concrete block prepared by this receipt showed only 0.44% of the gross gamma activity leached after 2540 hr of contact with simulated sea water. The data indicate that very little or no further leaching will occur. (Author) KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Resins KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026302 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ADAPTING WELDING HEAD TO SEAL WELD CUTTING MACHINE CARRIAGE FOR THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/09/13 SP - 6 p. AB - Supplementary material is presented on the proposed program modifications, the seal weld cutting machine carriage is suitable for use in reactor seal membrane welding operations. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Research KW - Welding KW - Welding research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026319 AU - Mangrum, E AU - Megerth, F H AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. CORE 2 FUEL ASSEMBLIES NOS. 4 AND 5 PY - 1960/09/01 SP - 20 p. AB - Fuel assemblies #4 and #5, which are included in the N.S. Savannah Core 2 Fuel Irradiation Program, were modified to increase the experimental variables originally planned. In order to obtain as much information as possible from the irradiation of these assemblies the corner rods of Savannah 2-4 and -5 were opened, special pellets inserted, and a device for measuring the axial expansion of the fuel column into the plenum was incorporated. Hardware changes were necessary at this time. Segment assembly and final assembly are discussed. KW - Fuel systems KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027604 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 5: CREW TRAINING PY - 1960/09 VL - 5 SP - 92 p. AB - Training program for senior deck officers and engineer officers ensures the N.S. Savannah will be manned by a fully qualified crew. An integrated curriculum of comprehensive course work, including classroom and on-site training, trains experienced and licensed marine engineers to become qualified reactor operators. The academic phase of the senior deck officer's training program prepares the officers for responsibilities involved in safe ship operation and administration. Field training is also conducted at various reactor and industrial sites. A special training program for non-licensed crew members is also conducted. This course includes an introduction to nuclear propulsion and practical aspects of radiation detection, monitoring, and decontamination procedures. Descriptions of the curriculum offered in each of the training programs is included. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026306 AU - Shaw, H AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - CORROSION OF CADMIUM-STAINLESS STEEL COUPLES PY - 1960/09 SP - 12 p. AB - This report examines the possibility of cadmium corrosion, which could initiate a critical accident in the NS Savannah Refueling Barge. The corrosion of cadmium, in metallic coupled with stainless steel, by the introduction of various electrolytes was studied for over 300 hours at both room temperature and 75 to 85 C. Boric acid solution (2.55 g/l) was found to be the most corrosive medium for cadmium. Synthetic sea water had a significant effect on both members of the couple. The sodium hydroxide solution corroded both members of the couple by half that of synthetic sea water alone. Borax (4 g/l) and deionized water solutions were the least corrosive. With increased exposure the electromotive force increased and the current decreased between the cadmium anode and stainless steel cathode. The final voltages were about 0.55, and increase of 50 millivolts, and the final current was about 20 microamperes, a decrease of 30 microamperes. On the basis of these experiments the use of boric acid for extended periods of time is not suitable in a stainless steel cadmium system. (Author) KW - Corrosion protection KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026401 AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - THREE DESIGN STUDIES FOR SELECTING A PROTOTYPE REACTOR FOR A NUCLEAR TANKER PY - 1960/09 SP - 61 p. AB - This document reports on the findings of an evaluation group convened to consider three nuclear-powered tanker design and engineering studies. The studies were intended to identify a nuclear propulsion plant suitable for early and broad application to the merchant marine. A description of the major assumptions and general design data furnished to the contractors for the reference tanker, a 43,000 dead-weight ton tanker, is given in Appendix A. Appendix B presents a summary and a comparative tabulation of cost estimates for the different systems. A summary, which includes brief descriptions of the different systems and a comparative analysis of the technical aspects of the systems is provided in Appendix C. The future potential of the system is discussed in Appendix D and a list of the contractors' reports is in Appendix E. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Nuclear fuel cycles KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Propulsion KW - Reactor fuel cycle KW - Tanker propulsion KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026308 AU - Smith, W R AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR. GENERAL GUIDE TO SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS FOR ACTIVATED INTERNALS AND COMPONENTS PY - 1960/08/15 SP - 40 p. AB - Requirements prior to and during shipment of radioactive internals of the Nuclear Merchant Ship Reactor (NMSR) are discussed briefly. Sectioning plans, shipping container weights and dimensions are given for the individual components; plots of dose rate versus shield thickness are presented for each container. The bases are given for the sectioning of components and the specification of shielding thicknesses. (Author) KW - Containers KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor refueling KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026267 AU - Bunch, H M AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - UNDERWAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE SS AMERICAN MERCHANT, VOYAGE NUMBER 111 PY - 1960/08/12 SP - 277 p. AB - This study, the second in a series of three, was conducted for the purpose of determining unnecessarily costly and time consuming operational problems among ocean-going freight vessels. It is expected that the compilation of information garnered from these studies will eventually lead to substantial economies. A record of the observations made of the shipboard organization and activities aboard the vessel is presented. A comprehensive representation and analysis of the costs of ship operations are developed from the observation data. The Appendix contains supporting data from the voyage operations and from U.S. Lines' records. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic analysis (Ship operation) KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship management KW - Ship operations KW - Shipboard operations KW - Shipboard personnel KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027590 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH SAFETY ASSESSMENT. VOLUME 1: ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1960/08 VL - 1 SP - 196 p. AB - The N.S. Savannah is a single-screw, all steel, 9 compartment, passenger-cargo ship of 10,000 tons deadweight, with raked bow and modified cruiser stern. A pressurized water nuclear reactor system generates saturated steam to a two-stage steam turbine for the ship's propulsion. This volume describes the engineering and construction of the N.S. Savannah with special attention upon the safety features of her nuclear propulsion system. Background material provided in the introduction includes an historical sketch, principal features of the ship and power plant, and principal safety features of the ship. Details including design philosophies and criteria, are described for the ship, power plant, reactor system, propulsion system, ships service system, and refueling and radioactive waste management. Extensive drawings and tables accompany the descriptions. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety KW - Ship characteristics KW - Ship design KW - Ships KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026258 AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - THE APPLICATION OF BOILING WATER REACTORS IN VARIOUS SHIP TYPES, ADDITIONAL STUDIES PY - 1960/07/30 SP - 48 p. AB - Data is presented on an investigation conducted on the feasibility and the economics of the application of the direct cycle boiling water reactor described in General Electric's Report No. GEAP-3295 in a variety of ship types and sizes. As a basis for an economic evaluation of the various applications, an oil-fired "conventional" counterpart of each nuclear-powered design was also developed and studied. Included as a special case is a single application of a pressurized water reactor to a passenger liner. KW - Economics KW - Engine efficiency KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsive efficiency UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026256 AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH, CONTAINMENT VESSEL PURGING AND REACTOR SPACE VENTILATION PY - 1960/07/14 SP - 13 p. AB - A brief general description of the containment vessel and reactor space is provided in addition to an overview of the problem of leakage of radioactivity from the containment vessel. Both general and detailed descriptions of lower void and containment vessel purge ventilation under normal and emergency conditions are included. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation hazards KW - Safety KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026260 AU - Clayton, C T AU - United Aircraft Corporation TI - MERCHANT SHIP AUTOMATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1960/07/12 SP - 68 p. AB - Certain items of equipment required to partially automate a Mariner C4-S-la dry cargo vessel for navigation, collision avoidance, course deviation, automatic operation of the engine room and ship's machinery and dock operations are described. A partially automated ship is defined as having a minimum crew of 10-12 men. The crew's function is primarily for emergency action and necessary repairs that cannot wait until port. Ship controls are to be as automatic as practical. Cost estimates of development of items described are presented independently of this report. KW - Automation KW - Ship automation KW - Ships KW - Voyage management systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026255 AU - Romett, J H AU - New York Shipbuilding Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH, STUDY OF FEASIBILITY OF CONTINUOUS LEAKAGE MONITORING OF THE CONTAINMENT VESSEL PY - 1960/07/11 SP - 13 p. AB - The report concludes that some assurance of uniformity of helium concentration is required to assure proper workability, and that the compressed asbestos gaskets in the main access openings may leak helium more readily than air. Helium pressurization of containment vessel will cause controlled leakage which can be monitored for radioactivity. An equipment and piping schematic is given. KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation monitoring KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027612 AU - Ball, R M AU - Barksdale, C E AU - Batch, M L AU - Cure, J W AU - Farrar, J P AU - Kubik, R N AU - Lewis, R H AU - MacKinney, A L AU - Mortenson, J H AU - Pitts, T G AU - Spetz, S W AU - Worsham, H J AU - Ross, D A AU - Crouter, D E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR PROJECT EXTENDED ZERO POWER TESTS, NS SAVANNAH CORE 1. VOLUME 4 PY - 1960/07 VL - 4 SP - 194 p. AB - This volume contains the IBM-704 computer printouts from two experimental runs for the extended zero power tests on N. S. Savannah Core 1. A complete definition of each type of output and its application to the problem is presented. Included with output are: 1)The input summary, 2) tabular display of the composition mesh, and 3) a tabulation of each composition's total reactor volume, integrated flux and source, and averaged flux and source. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027611 AU - Ball, R M AU - Barksdale, C E AU - Batch, M L AU - Cure, J W AU - Farrar, J P AU - Kubik, R N AU - Lewis, R H AU - MacKinney, A L AU - Mortenson, J H AU - Pitts, T G AU - Spetz, S W AU - Worsham, H J AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR PROJECT EXTENDED ZERO POWER TESTS, N.S. SAVANNAH CORE 1. VOLUME 3 PY - 1960/07 VL - 3 SP - 298 p. AB - Final report consisting of numerical data for the extended zero power tests performed on the N.S. Savannah Core 1 reactor is presented. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3452 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00026324 JO - Marine Engineering/Log PB - New York: Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp. AU - Andrea, M I AU - Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation TI - UNIQUE BARGE FOR "HOT" CARGOES PY - 1960/07 SP - p. 58-60 AB - A background report on the barge "Atomic Servant". This special barge has been designed to service the NS Savannah nuclear fuel reactor. A special problem of nuclear propulsion is the storage of radioactive waste and spent fuel elements prior to decontamination and disposal. Special features are designed into the barge to protect the public from these radioactive wastes. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radioactive materials KW - Radioactive materials KW - Refueling KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026307 AU - MacKinney, A L AU - Ball, R M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - METHODS TESTING EXPERIMENTS WITH 4% MARTY FUEL PY - 1960/07 SP - 28 p. AB - Material is presented on experiments performed to determine the adequacy of methods to be applied in zero power testing of N.S. Savannah Core 1. These tests were performed in a 32 can Marty core with 4% enriched fuel. Included in the experiments were tests of control rod drives, manganese alloy wire as a flux detector, heterogeneous position holddown methods, methods of measuring holddown power of control rods and improved water heating methods. Much of the experimental work was devoted to established limitations and effectiveness of the equipment rather than to absolute measurements. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Test evaluation KW - Test procedures KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026289 AU - Ball, R M AU - MacKinney, A L AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR ZERO POWER TEST CORE 1 PY - 1960/07 SP - 137 p. AB - Test results are reported for N.S. Savannah Core 1 reactor, normal and conjugate, giving data on excess reactivity, control rod holddown, initial critical conditions, shipboard leading guide, temperature effects on reactivity, and four flux distributions. Some of the results are: (1) excess reactivity for Core 1, Normal $14.6; (2) control rod holddown for Core 1, Normal $17.5; (3) Core 1, Conjugate, is subcritical with all rods in; and (4) the water temperature effect on reactivity is negative between 16 and 51 C. (Author) KW - Control systems KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026320 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH DESIGN REVIEW PY - 1960/06/30 SP - 39 p. AB - This report contains a summary of investigations and reviews covering the safety, adequacy and reliability of certain design and construction features pertaining to the N.S. Savannah nuclear power plant and related systems. Resumes of 18 task assignments are presented and include conclusions and recommendations for modifications in equipment and/or design. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Power plant design KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026318 AU - Bielawski, C A AU - Douglas, E A AU - Theodore, J G AU - General Dynamics AU - Brush Berryllium Company TI - MARITIME GAS-COOLED REACTOR PROGRAM TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY STUDIES OF FABRICATION TECHNIQUES APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH-DENSITY BERYLLIA TUBES FOR POTENTIAL UTILIZATION IN THE MARITIME GAS-COOLED REACTOR PY - 1960/06/30 SP - 50 p. AB - This report describes the results obtained in a development program for the Maritime Gas-Cooled Reactor (MGCR) program. The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of several of several fabrication methods for producing beryllia tubes for potential use in the MGCR. The tubes are seven and one half feet in length with single or multi-hole tubes of which the outer configuration may be rectangular, square, hexagonal, or round. Preliminary studies utilizing extrusion, isostatic and cold axial pressing, and the slip casting of a beryllia, single-hole, hexagonal tube are discussed. As a result of the work a beryllia-beryllium sulfate-sodium silicate cement was developed, thus demonstrating the feasibility of joining multiple beryllia sections to form long structural beryllium-oxide elements. The extrusion method is potentially the most economical fabrication method, but it is accompanied by poor dimensional stability on firing. Modifications of apparatus and mix composition can be made to improve this. Additional work will be required before full length full size columns can be routinely produced for the prototype reactors. KW - Design KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026304 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - VALVE ACTUATOR AVAILABILITY STUDY FOR THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/06/30 SP - 35 p. AB - In an investigation of the availability and possible reasons for replacement of specific air operated valves with hydraulic or electric value actuators, survey of approxi- mately fifteen (15) vendors was made to determine the availability of remote valve actuators operating under the conditions that prevail within the containment of the N.S. Savannah. The results are tabulated along with recommended system changes to minimize both valves and containment penetrations. A qualitative discussion is given on factors that influence actuator selection, as well as on the actuators themselves. (Author) KW - Containing equipment KW - Containment vessels KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026231 AU - General Dynamics TI - A STUDY OF SERVICING FACILITIES FOR NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIPS, FINAL REPORT PY - 1960/06/30 SP - 12 p. AB - A servicing system, developed for the N.S. Savannah's nuclear power plant, is described and includes engineering studies, design work, and plan drafting; specifications for maintenance, refueling, and waste disposal; a list of equipment and tools necessary for refueling the pressurized water reactor; and similar and dissimilar characteristics of other reactor types. The system retains a reasonable degree of flexibility for adaptation to other nuclear merchant ships. Sufficient engineering and design information is furnished to formulate requests for bids on construction of maintenance, refueling, and waste disposal facilities. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Refueling KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026237 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP DESIGN REVIEW OF MAIN CONTROL CONSOLE PY - 1960/06/29 SP - 8 p. AB - Console arrangement drawings, onboard console and control room inspection, and inspection of a mock-up console were reviewed with respect to arrangement for time, motion, and psychological factors. Adequacy of instrumentation and control devices was studied via engineering flow and instrumentation schematic drawings. Functional operation of the instrument and control devices on the console was also investigated. Design handicaps and recommendations are presented. KW - Control panels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Ship operations KW - Ship pilotage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026240 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH CASUALTY ANALYSIS PY - 1960/06/24 SP - 188 p. AB - A review is made of Babcock and Wilcox's "Casualty Analysis", dated July 15, 1959, for the purpose of determining whether the functions and conditons described in that document are correct, adequate, and in agreement with the interconnection wiring and control diagrams. The extent of the review was determined solely by information supplied in the forementioned publication. This review incorporates approved field changes, but no corrections to drawings are made though certain conditons are noted for future upgrading. It is recommended that Babcock & Wilcox's "Casualty Analysis" be revised to bring it up to date, to correct specified errors, and to incorporate several omissions. It also suggests that the systems be rechecked after the revisions are made to determine their safety. KW - Failure analysis KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026227 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP EVALUATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS PY - 1960/06/24 SP - 132 p. AB - Instrumentation and control system components for the N.S. Savannah are evaluated according to their respective manufacturers. An operational survey of applicable marine installations is also made to ascertain the reliability of Bailey Meter Company equipment. A functional analysis of various systems is provided, as well as a review of pneumatic and electrical instrumentation and controls. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026269 AU - Boshears, G L AU - Dunn, E L AU - General Electric TI - NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF LOW COBALT STAINLESS STEEL FUEL CLADDING FOR CORE 2, NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/06/22 SP - 36 p. AB - Specifications for the second core for the N.S. Savannah designated type 304 stainless steel with low Cobalt content for the fuel cladding and stated that tubing with any defects greater than 10% of the wall thickness in radial dimension could not be accepted. This report records the information obtained from evaluation of the non-destructive and destructive testing of low Cobalt stainless steel thin wall tubing. It is concluded that the standards and techniques currently employed for non-destructive testing of stainless steel tubing insure detection of defects in excess of 10% of the wall-thickness. The strength of the tubing is not appreciably reduced due to the presence of the small laminar inclusions or voids except under fatigue loading conditions which will not affect current reactor applications of the tubing. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026243 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, DESIGN REVIEW OF MAIN PROPULSION PLANT AND AUXILIARIES PY - 1960/06/15 SP - 74 p. AB - A design review of New York Shipbuilding Corporation diagrams and equipment specifications is covered to check flows, pressure drop, line sizes, piping design, control valve components, miscellaneous pump heads and capacities, extraction heaters, deaerator, and feed pumps as used in the various systems of the N.S. Savannah. In addition, a review was made of the main steam piping extraction lines, boiler feed piping and crossover steam piping for thermal stress conditions. Appendices comprise the bulk of the report, providing calculation sheets on main high-pressure steam piping, auxiliary circulating-water pump and auxiliary condenser, auxiliary steam piping, boiler feed system, main condenser circulating pump, main condenser and main lube oil cooler, makeup purification system, and high-pressure feedwater heater. KW - Boiler feed pumps KW - Boilers KW - Electric power plants KW - Heat pipes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power plant design KW - Steam KW - Steam piping KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026242 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - DESIGN REVIEW OF B AND W ENGINEERING FLOW DIAGRAMS, NON-NUCLEAR SYSTEMS. PY - 1960/06/15 SP - 78 p. AB - Flow diagrams determine adequacy of non-nuclear systems on the N.S. Savannah with respect to velocities, pressure drops, line sizes, control valves, pump heads and capacities, and miscellaneous components and materials. Engineering flow diagrams of primary piping indicate that pressure drops, velocities, and minimum wall thicknesses are within good design limits and applicable code requirements. KW - Auxiliary machinery KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power plant design KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026228 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP DESIGN REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTAINMENT VESSEL ON THE EQUIPMENT LOCATED THEREIN PY - 1960/06/14 SP - 83 p. AB - Report contains the design reviews of : (1) power and control cables used inside the N.S. Savannah's reactor containment vessel; (2) the containment vessel air-conditioning system; and (3) the atmospheric corrosion due to containment environment. Documents on power and control cables used inside the containment were reviewed to determine the cables' suitability under environment conditions related to temperature, humidity radiation, nitric acid, pressure, and flammability. The Babcock & Wilcox Company specifications, drawings and related documents applying to the reactor containment vessel air-conditioning system are reviewed to evaluate the system's adequacy and reliability to maintain proper environment conditions inside the vessel. The design review of the atmospheric conditions within the containment vessel are to determine and evaluate the effects on the equipment located therein by humidity, temperature, pressure, nitrogen fixation, and nitric acid attack. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026241 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, DESIGN REVIEW OF PRIMARY SYSTEM EQUIPMENT, QUALITY CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1960/06/14 SP - 71 p. AB - Series of reports review quality control of primary system equipment on the N.S. Savannah and provide technical discussions, conclusions, and recommendations when applicable. The scope of this review entails: corrosion rates and maximum corrosion for the reactor and primary system; radiation effects on core materials, reactor vessel, and primary system piping; stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel piping and equipment; welding and stainless steel cladding procedures for the reactor vessel and primary loop to ensure against carbon migration and micro-fissures in weld heat-affected zones; calculations of the primary coolant; steam generator and pressurizer upgrading, and external force analysis on the steam drum and heat exchanger shells; and temperature limitations of primary system materials and components. KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosion monitoring KW - Monitoring KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Quality control KW - Welding KW - Welding techniques UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026239 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, DESIGN REVIEW OF INSTRUMENTATION RECORDERS PY - 1960/06/13 SP - 17 p. AB - The adequacy of the existing nuclear and non-nuclear recording instrumentation being installed aboard the NS Savannah is investigated in this report. Analyses were also made for the purpose of determining where additional recordings seem necessary to satisfy the objectives of this atypical ship. The report recommends additional recording instruments and modifications to existing instruments which should be installed prior to startup. KW - Instrumentation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor instrumentation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Recording equipment KW - Recording instruments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026244 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, DESIGN REVIEW OF PURIFICATION SYSTEM PY - 1960/06/10 SP - 28 p. AB - The adequacy of the design criteria, equipment, and method of control for reactor primary loop water purification aboard the N.S. Savannah is determined. Specifically, the review covers: (1) the selection of 1 ppm total solids as the design equilibrium water quality for the primary coolant; (2) the expected life of the demineralizer resins; (3) the adequacy of the pre-critical clean-up procedure; (4) effect of fission product leakage on the capacity of the demineralizer system; (5) equipment design adequacy for demineralizers, effluent filters, and letdown coolers; (6) the adequacy of the piping system design; and (7) the adequacy of system control criteria. Except for specific recommendations outlined for immediate change and for upgrading, it is concluded that the design of the purification system is in accordance with good practice and is expected to operate reliably. KW - Corrosion KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Pipelines KW - Piping corrosion KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026224 AU - Neubert, V H AU - Bascom, C W AU - General Dynamics TI - DEADWEIGHT AND SHOCK ANALYSES OF NS SAVANNAH PRIMARY COOLANT PIPING PY - 1960/06/09 SP - 154 p. AB - Deadweight and shock analyses of primary coolant piping on the N.S. Savannah indicate that the combined shock, deadweight, and pressure stresses are within allowable limits. A statutory shock analysis represented dynamic loading conditions for this piping system and the specified conditions of pitching, heaving, and rolling. The exact configuration of both the heat exchanger inlet and pump discharge lines, and the weight of the primary coolant pumps was accounted for in computations performed on the IBM 704 digital computer. Three computer runs determined longitudinal bending stresses due to deadweight, fore and aft shock, and athwartships shock. Stresses and support reactions of the deadweight run were multiplied by 0.3 to determine corresponding vertical shock condition results. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Pipe KW - Pipe stresses KW - Stresses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027600 AU - Kulynych, G E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/06 VL - 1 SP - 228 p. AB - This part of the final safeguards report for the nuclear merchant ship reactor presents a description of the N.S. Savannah, discussing the ship and its power plant, with particular emphasis on those features which are pertinent to the vessel's safe operation. The ship description includes: hull structure and compartments; deck arrangements; machinery spaces; reactor compartment and secondary shield; and ship control and communications equipment. The power plant description focuses on: the propulsion system; reactor assembly and coolant system; reactor plant auxiliary and control systems; containment vessel; fixed radiation monitoring system; shielding; radioactive waste management; and power plant auxiliary systems. Appendices provide data on error analysis, a list of penetrations, and radiation damage to the reactor vessel. KW - Design KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026312 AU - Mortenson, J H AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - A COMPARISON OF THE NMSR PROTOTYPE (SPARE) CONTROL ROD AND THE NMSR SERVICE CONTROL ROD PY - 1960/06 SP - 9 p. AB - The NMSR prototype control rod is tested to determine the feasibility of using it as an NMSR spare rod. Tests show satisfactory physical alignment and fit of the prototype in the NMSR core and small differences between the prototype and service blades. Chemically, the poison plate of the prototype blade contains 1.2 weight percent boron compared to 1.7 weight percent boron for the service blades. Reactivity measurements on poison sections and on follower sections of the prototype and service blades show no difference in the reactivity of either within 1% of the hold-down power of the blade. The prototype is therefore suitable for use as an NMSR spare blade, contingent upon the insertion of filler blocks in the hollow portion of the follower blade. KW - Design KW - Nuclear reactor components KW - Nuclear reactor control rods KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026296 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - INVESTIGATION OF TYPES OF SEALS FOR MAIN COOLANT PUMPS FOR LARGE PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR NUCLEAR PLANTS PY - 1960/06 SP - 98 p. AB - Comparative reliability and installion and operating costs of canned-motor and controlled-leakage pump designs are determined for application in a pressurized-water reactor. Data accumulated by consultation yielded the manufacturers' capability to produce pumps with specifications of 30,000-40,000 gpm flow range, 1500-2500 psig system operating pressure, 40-150 foot total dynamic head, and 1800 rpm. Initial and operating costs of both pump types in 1960 and 1965 are based upon constant dollars. Findings indicate production capability of reliable canned-motor pumps of 40,000 gpm capacity is possible for 1960; controlled-leakage pumps of similar capacity and reliability are not available. Manufacturers' seal research and development programs are inadequate due to limited research appropriations and lack of significant sales potential. Estimated pump cost reductions, and recommended research and development programs with cost schedules and estimates are presented. KW - Design KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Pumps KW - Seals (Devices) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027601 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 2: INSPECTION AND TESTING PROGRAM PY - 1960/05/31 VL - 2 SP - 98 p. AB - Inspection, testing, startup, and initial operation procedures are described for the N.S. Savannah reactor and propulsion components and systems. The program provides a means of checking material and equipment installation, determines the adequacy of test and operating procedures, proves systems operation following critical reactor operations, and provides personnel training and propulsion plant performance data. Inspection consists of all observations and indirect measurements made during installation procedures. Tests start with initial adjustment or operation of the equipment. The startup program includes component tests, system demonstrations, reactor fueling measurements, and dockside and sea trial propulsion plant demonstrations. All phases must be completed before the extended sea trials can begin. The test program is divided into preparation, demonstration, and analysis stages which occur in sequence with regard to any one system or operation. KW - Electric power plants KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance KW - Test evaluation KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026247 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONTAINER ASSEMBLY--SECOND CORE STRESS AND DEFLECTION DUE TO THERMAL GRADIENTS, PRESSURE DROP, AND SHIP MOTIONS PY - 1960/05/20 SP - 84 p. AB - Analyzes the maximum possible deflections and stresses in the walls of the fuel containers of the second core to determine the possibility of any interference with the operations of the control rods and any potential adverse effects on the core's structural integrity and life. The analysis is limited to calculation of the most critical deflections and stresses from the worst set of credible circumstances considering various temperatures, pressures, and ship motions in combination at full power level. Based upon this investigation, the design of the second core is considered adequate. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026245 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CONTROL ROD DRIVE SUPPORT STRUCTURE PY - 1960/05/17 SP - 33 p. AB - The design of the control rod drive support structure of the N.S. Savannah is checked to determine if the structure will prevent excessive deflections in the control rod drivelines and whether the support structure is structurally adequate. The extent of the study is limited to determination of the stresses at connections and at critical points in the control rod drive support structure, to determination of the deflection of the structure at the tie plate and at the alignment plate, and to review of the design calculations made by General Electric. No calculations were made to check the design of individual drives. The design of the support structure was checked for several conditions of loading -- normal ship motions, unusual ship motions, and other forces -- and it was concluded that the support structure will prevent excessive deflection of the control rod drivelines and is structurally adequate. Calculation sheets for stress and deflection are included in the appendix, comprising over half of the report. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026309 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SEALED VALVES STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1960/05/10 SP - 18 p. AB - This report is based on data obtained from a review whose purpose is the recommendation of specific areas where the present valves in a number of the auxiliary piping systems may be replaced by a limited number of sealed valves. The information provides additional reliability or assurance of proper operation and minimal maintenance, a specification which may be used to procure an assortment of valves for replacement use in critical areas recommended in the foregoing, and recommends vendors, lead time and approximate cost for purchase. The report concludes that valves within the containment vessel and particularly those isolating the primary system should be seriously considered for replacement with a sealed valve, and a list of valves in order of priority for replacement is provided. KW - Design KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor maintenance KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Piping systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026270 AU - Cochran, R G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. NS SAVANNAH PROTOTYPE FUEL ASSEMBLY TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE LOADING TESTS PY - 1960/05/09 SP - 10 p. AB - The results of tensile and compressive tests performed at room temperature on a dummy N.S. Savannah prototype Core 2 fuel assembly in a pre-irradiated condition showed conclusively that the assembly will withstand the two-thousand pound force associated with the refueling process of the assembly. The test equipment and layout and the test procedure and data are provided. KW - Loads KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Refueling KW - Tensile test KW - Tension tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026234 AU - Levine, S H AU - General Dynamics TI - ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES FOR THE MGCR CRITICAL FACILITY PY - 1960/05/09 SP - 44 p. AB - Administrative procedures for the MGCR critical facility, established at the John Jay Hopkins Laboratory to perform experiments for the marine gas cooled reactor, are described for safety measures and precautions to insure the fulfillment of three requirements: personnel protection near the reactor and at the laboratory, safety of persons outside the laboratory, and prevention of damage to the facility. The organization responsibilities and procedures for the facility operation are presented as prescribed by law, AEC regulations, and General Atomic Regulations. Sections are detailed also on reactor operating staff qualifications, safety reports, operational memoranda, review procedures, posted rules, operational practices, General Atomic emergency procedures, and training program. Appendices include information on admitting and authorized entry lists; emergency notification list, checkout list, and persons who may authorize issuance of special nuclear material for experiments. KW - Decision making KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Personnel management KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026263 AU - Bingham, B E AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - THE GASEOUS WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL, SAVANNAH UPGRADING PROGRAM PY - 1960/05/02 SP - 16 p. AB - The gaseous waste collection and disposal of the N.S. Savannah upgrading program are reviewed, examining the possibility of regeneration of the charcoal adsorbers in the system. Three aproaches are taken: (1) regeneration of the present charcoal adsorbers, (2) continuous operation of a charcoal adsorber presently in the system, and (3) use of a higher temperature system with molecular sieves as a drying agent. The first two approaches to the problem are to remove the necessity of replacing charcoal adsorbers except when the system is down for maintenance; the third approach has the same goal with a simpler operational system. Each approach is described and evaluated. It is concluded that continuous operation of the present system should be followed, although the other schemes might be considered for futute operation. Scheme 3 is thought to have definite advantages. KW - Exhaust gases KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Spent reactor fuels KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026316 AU - Maritime Administration TI - YORK RIVER SITE REPORT PY - 1960/05 SP - 59 p. AB - A summary of environmental data on York River, located in southeastern Virginia, under consideration as a site for the N.S. Savannah as an operating base during sea trials, is presented. Sea trials and waste disposal are briefly reviewed. Site characteristics studied include a physical description, population density, meteorological summary, water supplies, marine food resources, and agriculture. Disadvantages of this site were considered. This report considers the more significant consequences of the maximum credible accident as it affects the environment of this site. KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbor operations KW - Harbors KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026317 AU - Maritime Administration TI - HARBOR OF REFUGE SITE REPORT PY - 1960/05 SP - 17 p. AB - A summary of environmental data of Harbor of Refuge, located offshore of Cape Henlopen, Delaware, which may be used by the N.S. Savannah as an operating base during sea trials and for selected propulsion plant demonstration during phase V is presented. The test and trial program and waste management are briefly reviewed. Site characteristics including physical description, population, meteorlogical summary, public water supplies, marine food resources, and agriculture are discussed. Disadvantages of this site are also considered. This report considers the more significant consequences of the maximum credible accident as it affects the environment of this site. KW - Harbor facilities KW - Harbor operations KW - Harbors KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Port operations KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026812 AU - GOODWIN, R P AU - Maritime Administration AU - Atomic Energy Commission TI - REPORT ON STUDIES FOR TANKER PROPULSION SYSTEM PY - 1960/04/29 SP - 13 p. AB - This report is the transcript of a speech on the types of nuclear reactor power plants being considered for a tanker. Ten slides showing these plants in a simplified schematic form are part of the report. Three different engineering systems are presented: (1) the pressurized water reactor by Combustion Engineering (2) the indirect cycle boiling water reactor by Westinghouse, and (3) the direct cycle boiling water reactor by General Electric. The basic power plant economics for each system are discussed and it is shown that nuclear propulsion is more expensive than conventional propulsion but is approaching a position of economic competitiveness for large fast ships operating on long trade routes. KW - Nuclear fuel cycles KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Propulsion KW - Reactor fuel cycle KW - Tanker propulsion KW - Tankers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026305 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - EMERGENCY WATER INJECTION SYSTEM FOR THE NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/04/26 SP - 20 p. AB - This report presents the findings of an investigation into the loss of coolant accidents which have been evolved for the N.S. Savannah. Its ultimate purpose is the design of an emergency water injection system to make up water to the primary system when no power is available on board the ship. The results indicate that such a system can be installed and is capable of utilizing some of the present equipment. If planned in the beginning stages of core design, a better spray arrangement can be made. The greatest hinderance to the system is that the injection system will only operate when the ship is in a vertical or near vertical position. Calculations are given for the emergency injection flow needed to remove the decay heat and safety factors were added to these flows to allow for uncertainties in flow distribution that result from arrangement limitations. KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026216 AU - Wolf, R AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH CAPSIZE LATCH TESTS PY - 1960/04/22 SP - 9 p. AB - Test procedures used in determining the adequacy of the capsize latch pawl design on the N.S. Savannah control rod drive mechanism are outlined and the results reported. Procedures and results are detailed for pawl ratcheting tests, latching tests, pawl hold tests, and pawl strength tests. Photographs are included at the end of the report to offer pictorial evidence of the results described which indicate that the pawl functions properly as intended and fulfills all of the requirements imposed upon it. The illustrations also show the test set up as well as other points of interest. They illustrate the pawl assembly components, assembly in the rotor tube, set up for inverted lock-in pawl tests, pawl before and after ratchet tests, leadscrew use, segment arm, and pawl tooth after test completion. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027580 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OPERATING MANUAL. VOLUME 3: FUELING, MAINTENANCE AND HEALTH PHYSICS PY - 1960/04/15 VL - 3 SP - 391 p. AB - Three distinct facets of operation of the N.S. Savannah are presented. Fueling instructions are covered in the first portion. Among the areas included are: warning and safety notices; reactor head removal procedures; and reactor vessel head installation. An appendix of 26 figures accompanies this section. Maintenance of the nuclear power plant is dealt with next. Reactor plant maintenance and instrument calibration and maintenance are found in the second section. Lubricants, testing, cleanliness requirements and procedures, and equipment removal are among the maintenance aspects discussed. A health physics program to provide effective radiation protection for all persons associated with the ship is covered in the final section of the manual. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027578 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OPERATION MANUAL. VOLUME 1: DESCRIPTION AND SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION PY - 1960/04/15 VL - 1 SP - 412 p. AB - A complete description of the power plant of the N.S. Savannah is provided. Since the power plant consists essentially of three sections, the reactor plant, the steam plant, and the electrical plant, each section is designated as a separate plant for descriptive purposes. The manual provides a general description of the entire plant, plant detailed descriptions (plant and integrated systems), and detailed systems and equipment descriptions encompassing aspects of operation based upon the formentioned three plants. KW - Electrical systems KW - Energy resources KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Power sources KW - Steam power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027579 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OPERATING MANUAL. VOLUME 2: OPERATING PROCEDURES PY - 1960/04/15 SP - 906 p. AB - Operating instructions are specified within this volume for the power plants of the N.S. Savannah. Included in the operating instructions are sections on: normal operation; special or infrequent power operation; special or infrequent shutdowns; procedures following annunciated conditions; emergency operating procedures; heat balance and equipment calibration procedures; and operational chemistry. System operating procedures for the reactor plant systems, steam plant systems, and electrical plant are also covered. KW - Electric power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Power plant performance KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026248 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FUEL CONTAINER ASSEMBLY--FIRST CORE STRESS AND DEFLECTION DUE TO THERMAL GRADIENTS, PRESSURE DROP, AND SHIP MOTIONS PY - 1960/04/08 SP - 110 p. AB - For purposes of determining if there will be any interference with the operation of the control rods and if any adverse effects will be noted upon the structural integrity and life of the core, this structural analysis calculates the maximum possible deflections and stresses in the walls of the fuel containers of the first core. The analysis is limited to calculation of the most critical deflections and stresses from the worst set of credible circumstances considering various temperatures, pressures and ship motions in combinations at full power level and to determine their significance concerning the life and operation of the core. The investigation concludes that the present design is adequate. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Structural analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026288 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - SAVANNAH UPGRADING PROGRAM AUGMENTATION EFFORT PY - 1960/04/01 SP - 195 p. AB - The current status of the N.S. Savannah nuclear power plant is reviewed and recommendations are offered for spare parts and components that would provide added security. Components and parts are tabulated and identified in sufficient detail to enable rapid comparison with the spare parts for the procurement program, or to enable independent procurement of the components. The method of tabulation is explained before each section of the report. System tabulation sheets and recommended vital spares are given for: the non-nuclear instrumentation system; nuclear instrumentation and safety system; reactor control system; primary, auxiliary, and associated reactor systems; electrical system; refueling equipment; and control rod drive system. No attempt was made to tabulate the specific failures to which a component might be subject or the consequences of a failure on the reactor system. KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Production control KW - Reliability KW - Spare parts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026282 AU - Van Mater, P R AU - Zubaly, R B AU - Stevens Institute of Technology TI - HYDRODYNAMICS OF HIGH SPEED SHIPS. PART 1: SMOOTH WATER RESISTANCE PY - 1960/04 SP - 22 p. AB - The development of a hull form for the purposes of determining smooth water resistance of high speed ships is presented. The investigation consisted of studies of existing high speed vessels, determination of the range of variables to be covered, development of a parent form, and construction and testing of eight models covering the selected range of variables. The appendix contains resistant test conditions and procedures, results and expanded data. KW - Fluid resistance KW - High speed craft KW - Hull forms KW - Hull resistance KW - Hulls KW - Ship design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026275 AU - Sierra Research Corporation TI - SEAKEEPING INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM MODEL 101. VOLUME 1: TEXT; VOLUME 2: DRAWINGS PY - 1960/04 SP - 121 p. AB - The Seakeeping Instrumentation System is an unattended ship motion recording system for the purpose of collecting the data necessary to perform statistical analysis of ship motion. It is an analog system. Volume 1 describes the system installation, setup and calibration, system components, and maintenance. The major units of this system include a horsepower meter which utilizes a magnetic tape and head technique for measuring the speed of and twist in a ship's shaft. This device is described in detail in the appendix of Volume 1. Volume 2 of this report contains related drawings including 13 schematic diagrams. KW - Data collection KW - Instrumentation KW - Machinery KW - Machinery instrumentation KW - Seakeeping KW - Ship motion KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026229 AU - General Dynamics TI - COMPONENT FACILITY PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTIONS PY - 1960/03/24 SP - 79 p. AB - Component, facility, and system descriptions clarify areas of servicing for the N.S. Savannah. Procedural specifications are provided for the expended fuel element storage pit cooling system, and loading and unloading procedures for the ruptured fuel element detection cannister and the expended fuel element storage pit. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026298 AU - Shields, C M AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. REFUELING TESTS, PART 2 PY - 1960/03/23 IS - 3446 SP - 56 p. AB - Observations, measurements, and recommendations pertinent to the N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel assembly are a result of refueling tests of prototype fuel assemblies, reactor internals, and related equipment. Tests were made to determine sub-assembly integration of manufactured items in the Savannah reactor. Following initial fuel assembly inspection, the fuel bundle and upper transition assembly were placed in each of the 32 fuel containers to ascertain dimension variances. Refueling tests determined the compatibility of the fuel assembly with handling equipment and procedures. Equipment change recommendations are given for the fuel bundle, transition assembly, and control rod guide blocks. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026222 AU - Baird, R K AU - McClelland, R F AU - General Electric TI - STUDY OF THE AXIAL EXPANSION CHARACTERISTICS OF UO2 CONTAINED AND IRRADIATED IN 304 SS TUBING AS DETERMINED BY A NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION OF THE NS SAVANNAH 2-1 FUEL ASSEMBLY PY - 1960/03/22 SP - 18 p. AB - The results are reported of a study to determine the "hot" end plenum available in N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel rods during irradiation as compared with the initial end plenum as fabricated and the final end plenum following irradiation. The experimental data used was obtained from a non-destructive examination of a 9-rod, 304 SS clad, fuel assembly N.S. Savannah 2-1. The results are expressed in terms of end plenum lengths for three conditions of the fuel segments: pre-irradiation, during irradiation, and post-irradiation. It is concluded that the UO2 pellet column does not move upward into the initial end plenum of the fuel segment during irradiation of the fuel assembly; and there is no axial expansion of the UO2 pellet column relative to the 304 stainless steel tubing. There is also evidence of the end plenum being longer during the "hot" condition than initially, which suggests the possibility that the UO2 is experiencing densification or a fusing together of the pellets due to the high temperatures reached during irradiation. Photographs of the fuel assembly and a trace of the gamma traverse are included in the memorandum. KW - Fuel elements KW - Fuel systems KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026246 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP TERMINAL EXPANSION STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE PRIMARY PIPING SYSTEM PY - 1960/03/17 SP - 53 p. AB - Results are presented of an examination made to determine the effects of thermal expansion on the primary piping system of the N.S. Savannah based on the worst possible temperature conditions to which the system can be subjected. The effects of weight and acceleration upon the nozzles in the system were also reviewed. The investigation is based upon the system specifications, basic design data, weight stress analysis and thermal expansion stress analysis data prepared by the Babcock & Wilcox Company and the Electric Boat Division of the General Dynamics Company. Appendixes are included which provide the calculation sheets covering (1) basic conditions for analysis, (2) piping system stress analysis, and (3) nozzle stress analysis. As far as thermal expansion stresses are concerned, the investigation concludes that both the suction and discharge systems are satisfactory. Also, under the conditions of thermal expansion, internal pressure, weight, and acceleration used as the basis for this investigation, it was found that the nozzle is not overstressed. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Pipe KW - Pipe stresses KW - Stresses KW - Structural analysis KW - Thermal expansion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026257 AU - Ebasco Services Incorporated TI - NS SAVANNAH DESIGN REVIEW OF PURIFICATION SYSTEM REPORT PY - 1960/03/11 SP - 31 p. AB - The study's purpose is the evaluation of the adequacy of the design criteria, equipment, and method of control for reactor primary loop water purification. Excluded in the scope of this study is the design of the secondary system purification equipment, the demineralizer resin handling system, and the components selected for instrumentation and control. The report concludes that the purification system design is in accordance with good practice and may be expected to operate reliably. The following design changes are, however, recommended: 1) unitization of the demineralizer-filter system; 2) re-routing of the demineralizer bypass line; 3) addition downstream of filters of additional sampling connection; 4) installation upstream of the present demineralizers of high-flow rate cation units; 5) replacement of all inaccessible diaphram valves with electric valve operators; and 6) shielding of the effluent filters with a thick lead jacket. KW - Design KW - Filters KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Purification KW - Water purification KW - Water quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027605 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 7: POWER PLANT ACCIDENTS PY - 1960/03 VL - 7 SP - 127 p. AB - Written record is presented of examinations made of many postulated accidents within the N.S. Savannah power plant considered during assessment of its design and safety. Design details and safety features included show no appreciable hazard to the public or crew during power plant operation, even during loss of primary coolant. Accidents are classified in reactivity, mechanical, and miscellaneous categories. KW - Crashes KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Prevention KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026230 AU - Kornstein, D AU - General Dynamics TI - REPORT ON NUCLEAR SAFETY ASSOCIATED WITH DRYDOCKING NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/02/29 SP - 12 p. AB - Supplemental drydocking procedures and operations for the N.S. Savannah are provided from the aspect of radiological safety as a result of nuclear propulsion plant installation in the vessel. This document serves as a shipyard guide for both drydocking, and the radiological problems with regard to responsibility, monitoring, decontamination, temporary shielding, personnel, and temporary reactor cooling connections. The drydocking facility is responsible for radiological safety during shipyard operations, and requires increased strength and buoyancy to support the unusual load in the area of the reactor containment. KW - Drydock operations KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Safety KW - Shipyard safety KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026232 AU - General Dynamics TI - HEALTH PHYSICS REQUIREMENTS FOR NUCLEAR SERVICING FACILITIES PY - 1960/02/29 SP - 55 p. AB - Recommendations for a Health Physics Department in a shipyard devoted to the construction and repair of nuclear-powered ships are outlined. Requirements are provided for personnel, space, and facilities, and procedures are outlined for area surveys before and after criticality, record keeping, daily routine and education. Personnel instructions for radiological safety cover radiation control; handling of contaminated and radioactive materials; procedures and responsibilities for the decontamination of personnel, areas, and equipment; methods for protecting personnel against radiation hazards while fighting fires in radioactive areas; preventive measures and responsibilities when a skin injury occurs in a suspected area of contamination; contaminated tag and radioactive spill procedures; and personnel responsibilities in radiation zones. KW - Maintenance KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Radiation doses KW - Radiological safety KW - Shipyard design KW - Shipyards KW - Structural design KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026226 AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - CALCULATIONS OF STRUCTURAL ADEQUACY FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF THE MARVEL SCHEBLER DESIGNED CONTROL ROD DRIVE MECHANISM FOR NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/02/28 SP - 127 p. AB - Control rod drive mechanisms, electrically driven rotating nuts and translating screws, effect motion of the nuclear reactor's control rods to fulfill externally imposed power-demand and safe-reactor signals. Calculations for the M-S control rod drive mechanism were made according to Marine Engineering Regulations and Fired Pressure Vessel Code specifications. Thread stresses for threaded connections and bolts were computed utilizing Federal Screw Thread Standards. Detailed calculations and supporting information pertaining to the pressure boundary, stator water jacket, and drive line, show that this mechanism meets or exceeds applicable structural and safety rules and specifications. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural properties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026813 AU - Sullivan, E K AU - Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers TI - THE N.S. SAVANNAH DESIGN PY - 1960/02/26 SP - 42 p. AB - An historical account of the conception and design of the N.S. Savannah as an instrument of international goodwill and a proving ground for the peaceful use of atomic energy. The ship was designed and developed under a joint board from the Maritime Administration and the Atomic Energy Commission. The shipbuilding contract was awarded by this group to the New York Shipbuilding Corporation and the contract for the nuclear reactor was awarded to Babcock & Wilcox Company. Inherent in all the design effort has ban a very conservative attitude toward safety. The reasoning for the design even to minute details is very carefully documented as a guide for future designers. KW - Design KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026283 AU - Turner, N I AU - Greenlee, J E AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - UNDERWAY OBSERVATIONS OF SS PRESIDENT TAYLOR, VOYAGE NUMBER 10 PY - 1960/02/19 SP - 155 p. AB - This report is a record of the observations made in connection with the underway shipboard operation during a trans-Pacific voyage (Voyage No. 10) of American President Lines Vessel "SS President Taylor," a C-4 Mariner. These observations concern those phases of shipboard operation and management associated with or performed by the ship's crew including the departmental functions, organization, complement and activities aboard the vessel and associated items of factors influencing or conditioning its operation. Appendices include cost comparisons, crew requirements and responsibilities, and schedules. KW - Crew size KW - Personnel performance KW - Ship management KW - Shipboard operations KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026277 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - REPORT OF THE ADVISORY PANEL ON SHIP OPERATIONS PY - 1960/02/15 SP - 57 p. AB - The Advisory Panel on Ship Operations was formed to assist the Maritime Research Advisory Committee in determining the most profitable short- and long-range research objectives of the Maritime Administration, translating these objectives into specific suggestions for research and development indicating relative importance and priorities, and delineating methods by which this research and development can be effectively carried out. The panel is primarily concerned with communications, navigation, personnel, and management. This report provides discussions and recommendations for merchant ship operations in the following areas: navigation, propulsion, charting, personnel, vessel maneuverability, human engineering, search and rescue, harbor and coastal surveillance, mechanization and automation, statutory and regulatory items, and expediting. KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026233 AU - Barr, W E AU - General Dynamics TI - SPECIFICATION SYLLABUS FOR REFUELING NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/02/15 SP - 13 p. AB - A complete syllabus of a refueling program for the N.S. Savannah is presented, intended both as a basis for developing a detailed specification on which prospective refueling contractors may bid and as a guide in performing the refueling. A comprehensive breakdown of the refueling program is described along with a suggested method of organizing the final detailed specification. The refueling program outlined was planned after analyzing past shipboard refueling programs, the supplementary reactor servicing program being developed for the N.S. Savannah, and the refueling scheme contemplated by Babcock and Wilcox. The complete program outlined in this first of three volumes is divided into 12 Phases, each of which consists of a number of Tasks, which are in turn divided into Operations. Each of these are outlined. The bulk of the reports describes the organization of the refueling specification: the overall organization, the organization of the next volume, content of a task procedure, example of a task procedure, and task materials. Schedules of refueling tasks are included in an appendix. KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Refueling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026264 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - REACTOR INTERNALS CASUALTY ANALYSIS, NS SAVANNAH PY - 1960/02/12 SP - 65 p. AB - Results of an analysis and evaluation of the casualties to which the reactor internals may be subjected are presented. Also, for the purpose of minimizing plant operational delays, recommendations are made for spare parts and materials, and special equipment and procedures. Included in the study were the various operations to which each internal component will be subjected after leaving the supplier's shop. The analysis was based upon: (1) the probability of casualties; (2) the extent of damage; (3) the possibility of affecting a repair; and (4) the recommended "insurance", e.g., spare parts and materials. The recommended "insurance" for each assembly is based upon a detailed analysis in addition to an overall evaluation of the relationships involved. KW - Damage assessment KW - Loss and damage KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027616 AU - Ford Instrument Company AU - Maryland Shipbuilding and Drydock Company TI - NUCLEAR PROTOTYPE POWER PLANT INSTALLATION IN MERCHANT SHIPS PY - 1960/02 SP - 161 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate various techniques for pretesting and installing nuclear prototype power plants in merchant ships, and to develop that technique offering the widest general application using time, cost, and safety as essential criteria. Four basic schemes for the installation were conceived using a 32,790 dwt bulk oil tanker and a gas-cooled reactor system generating superheated steam as reference designs are presented. Scheme 1, erecting and testing the reactor in a newly constructed hull section that replaces an equivelant section of the ship's hull after testing is recommended. The testing program, test facilities, hazards and safeguards are discussed. Design development of the test vehicle, nuclear power plant, and test vehicle production schedule are presented. The nuclear power plant testing program, test site requirements and hazards evaluation are provided. Engineering, heat balance, and the electrical system are illustrated by schematic diagrams. KW - Hull construction KW - Hulls KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026215 AU - Wolf, R AU - Borg-Warner Corporation TI - NS SAVANNAH SCRAM TIME ANALYSIS PY - 1960/02 SP - 53 p. AB - Analysis determines the accelerating and decelerating forces acting on the control rod and its drive assembly, and presents the scram time characteristics of the control rod for both "worst-case" and maximum scram conditions. KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026311 AU - Lundgren, C E AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PRESSURE LOSSES AND FLOW RATES IN FUEL ASSEMBLIES PY - 1960/01/28 SP - 14 p. AB - Pressure losses and flow rates in fuel assemblies for the N.S. Savannah fuel design and development program are examined. Due to slightly modified calculation methods and Small changes in design, the previously committed pressure losses are changed by a small amount, now being 1.30 psi and 1.04 psi for the 2nd and 3rd pass. It is concluded that a decrease in the actual pump flow rate yields 63.1 psi and 2.76 psi pressure losses for the total primary system and the fuel respectively. An extensive appendix illustrates the recommended method used in calculating pressure losses through fuel bundles, consisting of rods, tie plates, and spacer(s). KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026300 AU - Zimmerman, D L AU - General Electric TI - IRRADATION AND POST IRRADATION EXAMINATION OF NS SAVANNAH TEST FUEL ELEMENT S1-A PY - 1960/01/28 SP - 73 p. AB - Modified core I fuel element following irradiation in the VBWR and post-irradiation examination, provided data on the irradiation performance of this element at maximum heat fluxes comparable to those expected in the N.S Savannah core I reactor. The modified element was of brazed ferrule design and consisted of 16 fuel rods in a square lattice. Post radiation examination revealed no evidence damage, corrosion, or significant dimensional changes. No evidence of fuel melting was observed and extensive pellet fragmentation was limited to peak burnup regions. Metallographic examinaton revealed no significant ferrule braze or end cap weld damage. An apparent fuel density increase of 4% was observed. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00027603 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company AU - States Marine Lines, Incorporated TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT. VOLUME 4: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OPERATIONS PY - 1960/01 VL - 4 SP - 69 p. AB - Corporate organization and management is presented for the N.S. Savannah operations agent together with specific organization for ship operation. The operating agent has the responsibility for manning the ship, ensuring safe reactor operation and ship navigation, personnel training, passenger and cargo service integration, and routine maintenance and servicing. Personnel organization on the Savannah includes requirements and responsibilities for the technical staff and the crew. Standards governing ship repair and maintenance are formulated by management and by various regulatory agencies. Organization charts, job descriptions, and licensing subjects are provided, as well as detailed standing orders for radar and watches, and a communications plan. KW - Corporate research KW - Corporations KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Personnel management KW - Research KW - Ship operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026276 AU - Combustion Engineering, Incorporated AU - Sharp (George G) Incorporated TI - NUCLEAR POWERED TANKER-DESIGN AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR PY - 1960/01 SP - 483 p. AB - This report details a design and engineering study and economic evaluation of a nuclear propulsion system suitable for a large tanker which employs a pressurized water reactor. The objective in development of the reference conceptual design for the nuclear propulsion system is minimum total cost of cargo delivery per unit weight, consistent with safe and reliable operation. The suitability of the pressurized light water moderated and cooled reactor system to marine application lies in its demonstrated reliability and certain inherent safety features. All improvements in the reactor system were made within specified guidelines. Details are provided for reactor assembly, reactor plant, propulsion plant, ship description, plant operation and safeguards, design bases and alternative design considerations, design and construction schedule, costs, and research and development program. Related tables and diagrams including schematics are included. KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Nuclear power KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Tanker economics KW - Tanker shipping UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2953 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00660269 AU - National Academy of Sciences AU - Maritime Administration TI - PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH PY - 1960 AB - The U.S. merchant marine would benefit directly from a government- and industry-supported program of research and development. The principal aim of the research program should be to assist in providing a strong U.S. maritime industry that can compete in the world market with a minimum of subsidy, and can provide improved foreign and domestic shipping services. Concurrent efforts should also be directed toward improvements in regulatory requirements and labor-management relationships. The two developments that offer the most promise are crew size reduction through automation techniques and improved cargo handling systems. Savings can be realized in shipbuilding costs through simplification and standardization of design. The physical characteristics of ship designs, including speed, should be based on fleet-wide operational studies that delineate the ship's functional requirements. Immediate priority should be placed on the development of currently available technologies to increase the commercial competitiveness of the replacement fleet. Volume 1 is a compendium of the principal conclusions and recommendations; Volume 2 contains the supporting studies, which include many additional recommendations and other promising areas of research. KW - Maritime research KW - Maritime research advisory committee KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Programs KW - Research KW - Shipbuilding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/400321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026266 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF INTERCOASTAL CONTAINERSHIP OPERATION PY - 1960 SP - 113 p. AB - Lift-on, lift-off cargo vessels operated in the United States intercoastal trade were studied with emphasis on the economic feasibility of such an operation. The economic feasibility of the containership operation depends on the ability of the proposed containership operations to attract and retain enough traffic at renumerative rates to cover operating costs. Key factors in the study therefore included: availability of intercoastal traffic suitable for containerization; containership operating costs at levels of traffic potentially attainable at current intercoastal cargo rates; and the ability of an intercoastal containership operation to attract and hold at renumerative rates this potentially available traffic against the competition of other intercoastal cargo carriers, such as railroads, motor carriers, air freight carriers, and other steamship companies. It is noted that competition in the form of selective rate cutting by railroads seeking to hold present traffic and gain additional traffic creates risks sufficient to raise serious questions as to the economic feasibility of the proposed operations. Further conclusions indicate that intercoastal containership operations are not economically feasible under the policies followed by the Interstate Commerce Commission and established by the interpretation of the courts. KW - Container traffic KW - Containerization KW - Containerships KW - Economics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026265 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - FORECAST FOR TRADE ON US MARITIME ROUTES 7 AND 8 PY - 1960 SP - 59 p. AB - The likelihood and nature of possible changes in commerce on U.S. Maritime trade routes 7 and 8 (serving the North Atlantic ports of the United States and the North Sea ports of Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Federal Republic of Germany) in the coming 13 years are reported. Concern is with the commerce over these routes within rather broad classes of cargo, including: food; beverages and tobacco; inedible crude materials, except fuels; mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials; animal and vegetable fats and oils; chemicals; manufactured goods classified chiefly by material; machinery and transport equipment; and miscellaneous manufactured articles. The demand for both U.S. exports and imports is reviewed, and graphs of trade by commodity groups are included. A statement of methodology of study is also presented, followed by an analysis of the limitations of the data. Appendices give tables summarizing results of analysis and data on which the analysis was based, and also a real gross national product projection to 1975. KW - Economic forecasting KW - Exports KW - Imports KW - Trade KW - Trade forecasts KW - Trade routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026287 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - UNITIZATION IN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION PY - 1960 SP - 43 p. AB - This is a selective bibliography of studies and articles on unitization of maritime general cargo, with emphasis on items of a quantitative nature. Entries are listed under eight categories: Principles and Analyses of Unitized Operations; Descriptions of Unitized Operations; Design, Types, and Sizes of Containers and Pallets; Ship Design; Port Facilities; Transfer Devices and Systems; Rail and Truck Unitized Services; and Miscellaneous. Each entry includes a brief summary of content. Only English Language, unclassified and generally available references are included. (This publication supersedes Publication 558, published in 1957.) KW - Bibliographies KW - Cargo handling KW - Unitized cargo UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026273 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH VOLUME 1: SUMMARY PY - 1960 VL - 1 SP - 66 p. AB - The U.S. merchant marine would benefit directly from a government and industry supported program of research and development. The principal aim of the research should be to assist in providing a strong U.S. maritime industry which can compete in the world market, with a minimum of subsidy, and can provide improved foreign and domestic shipping services. Concurrent efforts should also be directed toward improvements in regulatory requirements and labor-management relationships. Subsidy reduction can best be accomplished through a U.S. Maritime industry which obtains maximum productivity through efficient use of labor. The two developments that offer the most promise are crew size reduction through automation techniques and improved cargo handling systems. Savings can be realized in shipbuilding costs through simplification and standardization of design. The physical characteristics of ship designs, including speed, should be based on fleet-wide operational studies which delineate the ship's functional requirements. Immediate priority should be placed on the development of currently available technologies to increase the commercial competitiveness of the replacement fleet. KW - Economics KW - Labor relations KW - Personnel management KW - Policy KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026274 AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR MARITIME ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH VOLUME 2: CONTRIBUTING STUDIES PY - 1960 VL - 2 SP - 286 p. AB - This volume contains ten reports related to the study of a proposed Maritime Administration research program. The reports cover: 1) basic research; 2) the role of the U.S. Merchant Marine in national security; 3) port facilities research; 4) ship operations research; 5) future requirements for ocean transport; 6) methods of implementation of Maritime Administration research; 7) technical research suitable for the Maritime Administration; 8) the organization of maritime research in the United Kingdom; 9) thoughts on the management of applied research and development; and 10) lessons from history. KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Port operations KW - Ports KW - R and d priorities KW - Research management KW - Ship operations KW - Shipping KW - Shipping economics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026207 AU - Brammer, H A AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. REACTOR PHYSICS REPORT PY - 1959/12/21 SP - 55 p. AB - This report covers the nuclear analysis of the second core fuel loading designed for the N.S. Savannah by the Atomic Power Equipment Department of General Electric Company. A brief discussion is given of the methods of nuclear analysis applied to this core. Base core reactivity data is presented in the form of graphs and tables. Information pertinent to a safeguards analysis of the core is given. Estimates of the fuel lifetime behavior of the core are made. Information on the worth of the reactor control system as a whole and by study of gross reactor power peaking are also included in the report. (Author) KW - Design KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026142 AU - Baird, R K AU - McClelland, R F AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. INTERNAL PRESSURE IN NS SAVANNAH CORE 2 FUEL RODS DUE TO FISSION GAS PY - 1959/12/11 SP - 37 p. AB - Internal pressure of fission gases formed during irradiation life of the fuel contributes to stress on the N.S. Savannah Core 2 fuel rods. This study determines the magnitude of the pressure, the location of the segments expected to have the highest values during operation of the Core 2 fuel, and the factors influencing this pressure build-up. Experimentally obtained data was utilized from representative Core 2-type fuel assemblies irradiated in excess of Core 2 design temperature conditions, but at less than an equivalent life time. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026161 AU - Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - PRIMARY COOLANT PUMPS A, B AND C FOR NMSR SAVANNAH PY - 1959/12/11 SP - 103 p. AB - The report on three primary coolant pumps (Units "A", "B", and "C") for the N.S. Savannah is submitted to the purchaser for consideration of approval for units B and C, and for approval of certain mechanical and electrical tests of unit A. The chronological history of each unit is briefly outlined, noting difficulties experienced in obtaining consistent test results and the modifications made to pump performance and loop stability. Details are given on the test facility itself, preliminary test curves, discussion of test data, operating range, NPSH tests, locked rotor test, no lead saturation tests, start and stop tests, switch cycles, thrust tests, head capacity tests, 48-hour proof test, test variations, and certification. The bulk of the report is devoted to appendices on certified curves and data and preliminary test curves, the test data sheets for which are bound in three separate volumes. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Pumps UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026176 AU - Wall, F J AU - General Dynamics AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation TI - MARITIME GAS COOLED REACTOR PROJECT, METALLURGICAL PROGRAM PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1959/11/30 SP - 64 p. AB - A closed cycle, nuclear powered turbine was designed to use helium as the turbine working fluid rather than oxidizing combustion gas. The strength of turbine materials in helium was a major design consideration. Tests for stress-rupture, heat, and material fatigue were conducted. Mechanical properties of alloys are affected in gaseous environments in varying degrees depending on the environment itself, temperature, strain rate, and alloy composition. Inconel X and Discaloy, alloys used for commercial industrial gas turbine blades and discs respectively, were chosen for evaluation in carbon dioxide and helium. The program was expanded to investigate selection of alloys stronger than Inconel X and Discaloy suitable for use in the maritime gas cooled reactor turbomachinery; evolution of a test program for generation of data in helium pertinent to the design of turbomachinery; and development of test procedures to permit repetitive control of the test atmosphere and provide reproducibility of test results. KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Nickel alloys KW - Nuclear power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2877 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026174 AU - Lamale, G E AU - Smith, J C AU - Hare, A W AU - Dickerson, R F AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - EXPERIMENTAL IRRADIATION STUDIES ON UO2-CONTAINING ELEMENTS FOR THE NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR PROGRAM PY - 1959/11/11 SP - 51 p. AB - Two series of capsules containing uranium dioxide clad with stainless steel have been irradiated for the purpose of studying the properties after a moderate burnup in an efficiently cooled capsule in one series, and a moderate burnup in a capsule designed to simulate the condition of overpower in the other series. Specimens in the first series of three capsules had an enrichment of 4 percent and were irradiated to a burnup of 0.1 percent uranium. The uranium dioxide did not show any significant effects that could be definitely attributed to radiation. Specimens in the second series of three capsules had an enrichment of 3 percent and were irradiated to a burnup of 0.05 percent uranium. Low-conductivity materials of low thermal-neutron-absorption cross section were used to surround the specimens and thermally insulate the fissioning uranium dioxide. The uranium dioxide showed considerable change as a result of irradiation, chiefly in the formation of columnar grains and central voids in all three capsules. A sample of fission gas was taken from one of the capsules and its analysis for xenon-133 indicates that only approximately 0.0005 percent was released from the uranium dioxide. KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel elements KW - Irradiated nuclear fuel KW - Irradiation KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026172 AU - Bast, J A AU - Morse, C J AU - Eversole, J G AU - Davis, G J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Union Carbide Nuclear Company TI - COMPARISON OF ZIRCALOY AND STAINLESS STEEL AS THE STRUCTURAL MATERIALS IN THE CORE OF THE N.S. SAVANNAH PY - 1959/11/09 SP - 68 p. AB - The savings in fuel enrichments realized by changing the major structural material in the N.S. Savannah reactor core from stainless steel to Zircaloy-2 were studied. The basis of comparison was equal cold initial reactivity. By changing the major structural material from stainless steel to Zircaloy-2, the result is that for equal cold initial reactivity the uranium enrichment can be decreased from 4.2% to 3.1%. This, in turn, results in a savings of $1,300,000 in initial fuel investment--or $50,000 per year in use charges at a 4% rate. Futher studies in control rod worth, temperature coefficient or reactivity, and Zircaloy-2 costs must be made to determine the effect on the net cost. KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Nuclear fuels KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026181 AU - Cottrell, W B AU - Mann, L A AU - Parker, F L AU - Schmidt, G D AU - Oak Ridge National Laboratory AU - UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION TI - ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF NS SAVANNAH OPERATION AT CAMDEN PY - 1959/11/06 SP - 243 p. AB - An environmental analysis of hazards relating to reactor accidents and failures aboard the N.S. Savannah in confined waters is presented. To ensure that the important or controlling hazards are considered, various possible accidents are first examined. An evaluation is then given of atmospheric release following the maximum credible accident for typical lapse and inversion conditions. The various accidents considered include many less serious accidents, all of which could result in the loss of some acitivty to the environment. Accidents considered include: 1) inadvertent release of gaseous activity, 2) rupture of the double-bottom tanks, 3) spill of the ion-exchange resin, 4) damage to a fuel element during refueling, 5) the maximum credible accident with the ship afloat, 6) the maximum credible accident with the ship sunk, and 7) variations of the maximum credible accident in which the containment vessel is voided. Collisions at sea are not included in the scope of this report, but the consequences of such an accident may be evaluated by the data presented. KW - Crashes KW - Environmental impacts KW - Nuclear hazard evaluation KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear radiation KW - Nuclear reactor accidents KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026189 AU - Funderburg, J M AU - Barrett, L G AU - Clark, R H AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NMSR HOT EXPONENTIAL EXPERIMENT PY - 1959/11 SP - 2 p. AB - Material buckling and thermal neutron flux fine structure measurements of the NMSR hot exponential core are described. Fine structure measurements for cold and hot conditions through slab-geometry regions that represented a boron-SS control rod, an aluminum rod follower, and a water gap are described and their results are presented. Preparatory measurements, migration area calculation, and error analysis are discussed in the appendices.(Author) KW - Design KW - Materials evaluation KW - Materials selection KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Temperature measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026146 AU - Thoren, D E AU - Gestson, D K AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NUCLEAR MERCHANT SHIP REACTOR-CONTROL ROD DRIVELINE TESTS PY - 1959/11 SP - 111 p. AB - A prototype control rod driveline for the N.S. Savannah was tested for component performance. These tests were designed to evaluate the materials, design, and fabrication methods of the entire assembly, and to determine operating characteristics and requirements. Testing was divided into five phases, each consisting of life cycling and instrumentation tests. Schematic diagrams are provided for the ramp generator, bias valve, simplified hydraulic system, frequency response instrumentation, and scram instrumentation. KW - Control systems KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor control systems KW - Nuclear reactors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026162 AU - Leirvik, R M AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PHASES 2 AND 3 TO THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION FOR THE HANDLING EQUIPMENT FUNCTIONAL TEST FOR THE REFUELING SYSTEM OF THE NUCLEAR POWERED MERCHANT SHIP SAVANNAH (REV-1) PY - 1959/10/24 SP - 73 p. AB - Detailed descriptions are given of Phases 2 and 3, the Reactor Internals Handling Test and the Fuel Element-Control Rod Handling Test, respectively, for functional testing of handling equipment for the N.S. Savannah refueling system. The data demonstrate that the handling equipment specified is adequate to remove and install the internals, fuel elements, and control rods from the reactor vessel. Test parameters, equipment to be used, test location, and test period are listed. A general description of Phase 2 outlines the Permanent Internals Handling Test and the Upper Flow Baffle and Upper Grid Plate Handling Test. Phase 3 includes tests on manipulator handling, viewing equipment, fuel element, neutron detector enclosure clearance, neutron source handling tool, and dummy fuel element compatibility. Detailed descriptions and sequence of operations are given for each, and diagrams are included. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor safety KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Refueling KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026159 AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - NS SAVANNAH SUPPLEMENTARY DESIGN CALCULATIONS PY - 1959/10/19 SP - 174 p. AB - Design calculations are provided for the N.S. Savannah reactor vessel, steam generator, and primary piping. These calculations supplement the calculations included in three earlier reports entitled: (1) "N.S. Savannah Reactor Construction and Design Calculations," March 10, 1958; (2) "N.S. Savannah Generator Construction and Calculations," September 19, 1958; and (3) "N.S. Savannah Primary Piping Design Calculations, "March 13, 1959. Also provided is the specification for the design, fabrication, and testing of the reactor pressure vessel. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor construction KW - Nuclear reactor design KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Pipelines KW - Piping design KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026571 AU - Rosinski, J AU - Langer, G AU - Pierrand, J M AU - Whiteman, R A AU - Snow, R H AU - Bitten, J F AU - Alexander, F D AU - Fisher, M A AU - McCully, R C AU - Fochtman, E G AU - HAYNES, J AU - Nagamoto, C T AU - Howard, Dr AU - Bernsen, S AU - Armour Research Foundation TI - SCAVENGING OF PARTICULATE MATTER IN CONNECTION WITH NUCLEAR- POWERED SHIPS PY - 1959/10/15 SP - 156 p. AB - Gases, aerosols, and hydrosols are the forms of particulate matter which might be released from nuclearpowered ships. Methods for scavenging these materials were studied in detail. Visual and radar techniques were used in tracking gases and aeresols in the free atmosphere. Scavenging of radioactivity dispersed in substitute ocean water by a permanganate-ferrous salt system was studied. A schematic diagram of a pneumatic conveying system for this type of scavenging material is provided. KW - Equipment tests KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor testing KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive wastes KW - Spent reactor fuels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/3153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026157 AU - Boyd, R S AU - Byers, R H AU - Gordon, B B AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - Babcock and Wilcox Company TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF A STEAM-BYPASS SYSTEM ON CONTROL OF THE NMSR PLANT PY - 1959/10/14 SP - 174 p. AB - Analog-simulation techniques determine the possibility of controlling the N.S. Savannah nuclear reactor plant by use of an automatic steam-bypass system coupled to the steam generators. Four classes of control were used on the simulated plant: uncontrolled power transients, control with the control-rod system, control with both the control-rod system and steam-bypass system, and control by use of the steam-bypass system alone. The simulated steam-bypass system operates well and, when used with the reactor control system, results in good plant control. KW - Nuclear power plants KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor operation KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Operations KW - Regulation KW - Steam KW - Steam regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026178 AU - Todd Shipyards Corporation TI - NUCLEAR SHIP MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR STUDY SUMMARY OF DRYDOCKING, CRANE AND TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES PY - 1959/10 SP - 7 p. AB - Tabular presentation of drydock data, gantry crane capacities, floating derrick capacities, and transportation equipment at 76 shipyards located in 27 countries including the U.S. is provided. KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Crane capacity KW - Cranes KW - Drydock facilities KW - Drydocks KW - Maintenance KW - Materials management KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Shipyards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026206 AU - Bailey, J A AU - Shields, C M AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. FUEL ROD VIBRATION, PRELIMINARY REPORT PY - 1959/09/25 SP - 16 p. AB - This is a preliminary report on the investigation of the N.S. Savannah replacement fuel rod vibration amplitude when excited by water flowing parallel to the axis of the fuel rod. Methods of calculating the fuel rod natural frequency in air were verified by experiment. Work is continuing to establish the validity of methods of calculating natural frequencies in water and to confirm the correlation of flow induced vibration amplitude found in reference (1). On the basis of the tests and analysis outlined in this report the maximum amplitude of flow induced fuel rod vibration was found to be .003 inches. (Author) KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor materials KW - Nuclear reactors KW - Radioactive materials KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026198 AU - Baird, R K AU - Arterburn, J O AU - Brandt, F A AU - Spalaris, C N AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PRELIMINARY SUMMARY OF IRRADITION TESTS CONDUCTED ON NS SAVANNAH CORE 2 TYPE ASSEMBLIES 2-2 AND 2-3 IN VBWR PY - 1959/09/25 SP - 44 p. AB - A preliminary summary is presented of irradiation tests of N.S. Savannah Core 2 type assemblies 2-2 and 2-3 which aimed at providing additional experimentally determined data for setting final design parameters for Core 2 production fuel. Parameters including uranium dioxide pellet-to-tubing clearances, pellet quality, fabrication processes, and dimensional stability were studied. The two fuel assemblies of nine rods, each consisting of half-inch diameter uranium dioxide pellets contained in stainless steel type 304 tubing, were operated in the Vallecitos Boiling Water Reactor and irradiated for varying periods of time to observe both short- and medium-term effects when operated under conditions at and above Core 2 design limiting conditions. Partial data is presented on the fabrication, irradiation and post-irradiation examination, and results are given but are subject to change and further interpretation upon completion of the work. Sufficient evidence is available, however, to indicate substantial confidence in Core 2 design adequacy. KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Radiation monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00026194 AU - Cochran, R G AU - General Electric TI - NS SAVANNAH FUEL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. INVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FUEL ASSEMBLY PY - 1959/09/25 SP - 33 p. AB - The operational characteristics of the fuel assembly of the N.S. Savannah are reported. The investigation reviewed assists in the establishment, by calculation and experimental methods, of the final mechanical configuration of the fuel assembly design. Factors considered in the study include: shipboard motions and loading criteria; fuel container deflections resulting from coolant flow pressure gradients; the mechanical and thermal characteristics inherent to the base or initial design concept; and clearance between the fuel rods and the fuel container wall. KW - Fuel elements KW - Nuclear powered ships KW - Nuclear reactor coolants KW - Nuclear reactor cores KW - Nuclear reactor fuel elements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/2890 ER -