TY - RPRT AN - 00150493 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE GENERAL MOTORS TRANSBUS PY - 1975/05 SP - 479p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093483 AU - SHERRET, A AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMMEDIATE TRAVEL IMPACTS OF TRANSBAY BART PY - 1975/05 SP - 153 p. AB - The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System started service beneath San Francisco Bay in September 1974. The report analyzes travel patterns in the transbay corridor in the period before and immediately after the start of transbay BART service. Aggregate transbay travel by automobile and transit are analyzed in terms of historical trends and seasonal and short-term variations as the basis for assessing the impacts of BART. Impacts on traffic congestion are analyzed using highway travel time survey data. The results of on-route questionnaire surveys of transbay travelers using automobile, BART, and bus in October 1974 provide descriptions of the origin-destination pattern of transbay trips, their purposes, and the profiles of travelers. Traveler choices between BART and the alternative modes are analyzed in terms of reported travel times and costs and ratings of perceived importance and satisfaction for a set of 14 travel factors (impedances) included in the survey questionnaire. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - California KW - City planning KW - Data collection KW - Highway traffic KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Passengers KW - Questionnaires KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveys KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093019 AU - Middendorf, D P AU - Heathington, K W AU - Davis, FWJ AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR BUS AND SHARED-RIDE TAXI SERVICE IN TWO SMALLER URBAN AREAS PY - 1975/05 SP - 312 p. AB - This report is a study of the demand for the publicly owned, fixed-route, fixed-schedule bus service and the privately owned, demand-responsive transportation service in two smaller urban areas--Davenport, Iowa, and Hicksville, New York. The objectives of the report were to compare the travel patterns and markets of the bus and shared-ride taxi systems, to compare the travel patterns and markets of the shared-ride taxi systems in each study area, to analyze factors and circumstances underlying the choice of either the bus or the shared-ride taxi, and to measure the public sentiment toward each form of public transportation. Information was gathered through on-board surveys, mail surveys, home interviews, and dispatching records and drivers' logs maintained by the taxicab companies. Users as well as non-users of public transportation were interviewed. A bibliography is furnished. Appendices contain Customer Data Record, Vehicle Data Record, and the bus passenger, taxi passenger and household survey questionnaires. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Planning KW - Public opinion KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Systems engineering KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143207 AU - Texas Mass Transportation Commission AU - Austin; Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Washington, D.C. TI - TEXAS TRANSIT OPERATIONS (1974) (STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS) PY - 1975/05 SP - 31 p. AB - Charged with the responsibility to develop and plan for urban transit in Texas, the Texas Mass Transportation Commission (TMTC) began gathering operational information early in 1974. Tables present data on the number of transit passengers in 1975, statewide operating statistics, finances, calculated indicators for transit, financial assistance to Texas from UMTA, estimated effect of employee strikes on transit, statewide transit ridership for 1973 and 1974, estimated growth of statewide transit ridership, calculated transit indicators for urbanized areas in Texas, and transit passengers and vehicle miles per capita in Texas urbanized areas (1974). The distribution of statewide transit characteristics, 1974 transit patronage by quarter and city category, and the effect of 1974 strikes on statewide transit ridership trends are represented on graphs. General conclusions are given. KW - City planning KW - Economic analysis KW - Financing KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Strikes KW - Texas KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092030 AU - Ellis, R H AU - Worrall, R D AU - SHERRET, A AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND TRAVEL BEHAVIOR PROJECT RESEARCH PLAN PY - 1975/05 SP - 122 p. AB - The Transportation System and Travel Behavior (TSTB) Project of the BART Impact Program will assess the impacts of BART upon the characteristics and performance of the Bay Area transportation system--including BART, parallel and complementary transit services, and the highway system--and the responses of travelers to BART and related transportation system changes, including traveler perceptions, attitudes, and behavior. The report includes discussion of a conceptual framework of the impact processes, the major research questions to be addressed, the priorities for the research, the research methods, and finally, the major work elements of the TSTB Project. KW - Attitudes KW - California KW - Economic impacts KW - Highway traffic KW - Impacts KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation devevlopment KW - Transportation effects KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137370 AU - Huss, M F AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMIZING RAPID TRANSIT CAR DESIGN PY - 1975/05 SP - 248 p. AB - The report provides a methodology for creating an initial rough design of a rail rapid transit car, or for evaluating an existing design. It is based on optimizing the design features by minimizing the sum of the annual costs of purchasing, power consumption, maintenance, and on-board operating labor for a fleet of such vehicles. Linear programming is used to arrive at a solution based on the interaction of several hundred equations which describe the complex inter-relationships amongst the elements of car design, dimensions, and performance, and the various components and sub-assemblies which comprise the vehicle, and the associated costs. KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric vehicles KW - Energy consumption KW - Equations KW - Estimates KW - Life cycle costing KW - Linear programming KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Optimization KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Purchasing KW - Quality of work KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Systems engineering KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091562 AU - DENVER REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - REGIONAL BIKEWAY SYSTEMS PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1975/05 SP - 198 p. AB - A final report is more on a current regional bikeway planning design, and on implementation techniques for developing regional bikeway systems. The objective of this report is to provide a uniform set of design recommendations concerning bicycle facility development to all jurisdictions within the Denver Metropolitan Area. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bicycles KW - Bikeways KW - Capacity KW - Colorado KW - Communities KW - Design standards KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - Planning KW - Public relations KW - Recommendations KW - Recreation KW - Recreational use KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Safety KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197431 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INTRODUCTION TO TRANSIT MARKETING PY - 1975/05 SP - 16 p. AB - The report presents a general overview of the marketing process as applied to transit, to the value of marketing, and to the marketing plan and its components. It also presents some cautionary remarks about transit marketing. The report contains a selected bibliography of marketing publications as well as a list of marketing assistance sources for transit operators. KW - Bibliographies KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Methodology KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094127 AU - Mouchahoir, G E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY EVALUATION OF THE HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION PY - 1975/05 SP - 45 p. AB - The Haddonfield, New Jersey Dial-A-Ride demonstration was instituted in February 1972 to determine public attitudes toward DRT, measure its public acceptance, evaluate its technical and economic feasibility, and measure the impacts of the DRT concept on the community. The purpose of the report is to summarize the preliminary evaluation of the Haddonfield demonstration in terms of what was learned from the experiment while attempting to achieve the stated objectives. The concept had favorable public acceptance, and the improvements in the system parameters, such as increase in service area, introduction of shuttle service, and reduction of fares, caused increases in ridership and productivity. Ridership, productivity, and quality-of-service parameters of the Haddonfield system compare favorably with DRT systems operating in other U.S. cities. KW - Attitudes KW - Communities KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impacts KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Prices KW - Productivity KW - Public opinion KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092340 AU - REMINGTON, P J AU - Rudd, M J AU - Ver, I L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated TI - WHEEL/RAIL NOISE AND VIBRATION. VOLUME I: MECHANICS OF WHEEL/RAIL NOISE GENERATION PY - 1975/05 SP - 210 p. AB - The final reports are reported of a project to develop a basic understanding of urban transit wheel/rail noise control measures. Analytical models of impedance, response, radiation efficiency, and directivity of wheels and rails are presented and compared with field and laboratory measurements. Analytical formulas for the prediction of noise in the three general categories of wheel/rail noise - squeal, impact, and roar - are presented and verified by comparison with laboratory measurements as well as field measurements using a small steel-wheeled personal rapid transit vehicle on a test track. Volume one deals with the theory of wheel/rail noise generation. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Measuring instruments KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Railroads KW - Test vehicles KW - Tests KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150495 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE GENERAL MOTORS TRANSBUS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1975/05 SP - 104 p. AB - The report is a summary of the final vehicle design (vol. 1) and the program effort (vol. 2) that went into the building of the GM TRANSBUS. The GM TRANSBUS, designed and built as part of a program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, features a number of design departures from present production coaches including a significantly lower floor; an independent front suspension; a special kneeling feature; a U-shaped lounge; improved air-conditioning, heating, and exhaust systems to provide a year-round, fume-free, temperature-controlled internal environment. This GM TRANSBUS is powered by a Detroit Diesel Allison gas turbine. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Diesel engines KW - Emission control systems KW - Evaluation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Heating KW - Public transit KW - Suspension systems KW - Suspensions KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47535 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150496 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE GENERAL MOTORS TRANSBUS. VOLUME 3 PY - 1975/05 SP - 322 p. AB - The GM TRANSBUS, designed and built as part of a program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, features a number of design departures from present production coaches including a significantly lower floor; an independent front suspension; a special kneeling feature; a U-shaped lounge; improved air-conditioning, heating, and exhaust systems to provide a year-round, fume-free, temperature-controlled internal environment. This GM TRANSBUS is powered by a Detroit Diesel Allison gas turbine. Volume 3 is the Appendix. (Portions of this document are not fully legible.) KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Diesel engines KW - Emission control systems KW - Evaluation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Heating KW - Public transit KW - Suspension systems KW - Suspensions KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47536 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00150494 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - THE GENERAL MOTORS TRANSBUS. VOLUME 1 PY - 1975/05 SP - 53 p. AB - The report is a summary of the final vehicle design (vol. 1) and the program effort (vol. 2) that went into the building of the GM TRANSBUS. A low-floor coach was designed to conform to the requirements of the Department of Transportation. The purpose of this design was to provide a more attractive and useful coach that could be manufactured using existing technology. Three prototypes were built to test and evaluate this design. The GM TRANSBUS, designed and built as part of a program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, features a number of design departures from present production coaches including a significantly lower floor; an independent front suspension; a special kneeling feature; a U-shaped lounge; improved air-conditioning, heating, and exhaust systems to provide a year-round, fume-free, temperature-controlled internal environment. This GM TRANSBUS is powered by a Detroit Diesel Allison gas turbine. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Diesel engines KW - Emission control systems KW - Evaluation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Heating KW - Prototypes KW - Public transit KW - Suspension systems KW - Suspensions KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093369 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - REGIONAL PROFILE. THE EXPRESSWAY CONNECTION. VOLUME III. NUMBER 1 PY - 1975/05 SP - 9 p. AB - Expressway 'stub ends' should be completed in order to get the most out of public dollars that have already been spent. This was significantly demonstrated through a systemwide analysis of roadways in the Morristown area after the opening of a four-mile segment of Interstate 287 in Morris County. Opening the missing segment has alleviated congestion on the north-south roadways--U.S.202, N.J.53, Whippany and Parsippany roads and on the east-west routes--N.J.10 and County 510. Total costs of vehicular travel in the Morristown area--including time, accident and operating costs, plus payment for land and construction costs--are now lower per unit of travel than before. KW - Construction KW - Expressways KW - Highway traffic KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Regional planning KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092421 AU - Maricopa Association of Governments AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRIP GENERATION BY LAND USE PY - 1975/04/01 SP - 189 p. AB - The report provides an assessment of trip generation from small areas for particular land uses; allows determination of internal circulation systems, parking requirements, entrance and exit warrants, and the impact on adjacent streets of a given land parcel. The publication is basically a compilator of land use trip generation studies from across the nation. The methods, procedures, and results are analyzed and evaluated with respect to the Phoenix area. However, the information can serve as a comparison to rates now being measured in any given area, or can help in the selection of appropriate trip rates in lieu of rates developed specifically for an area. This publication is intended for use on a day-to-day basis by traffic engineers, urban planners, zoning staffs, and consultants. KW - Arizona KW - Circulation KW - Demand KW - Handbooks KW - Impacts KW - Information systems KW - Land use KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Rates KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133089 AU - HINMAN, E J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMAND AND CONTROL STUDIES FOR PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT, PROGRAM STATUS, 1974 PY - 1975/04 SP - 165 p. AB - The document reviews the APL effort on command and control systems for circulation and distribution applications. A brief history of the program is given, together with the results of the work and its effects on system performance. The discussion is divided into an investigation of vehicle management (the controlling of a fleet of vehicles in terms of scheduling, dispatching, empty vehicle allocation, and station operation) and an investigation of vehicle regulation (the controlling of an individual vehicle either alone or within a string of vehicles). A bibliography of the reports, papers, and significant memoranda relating to this work is included, as well as summary descriptions of the major digital computer simulations that have been developed in support of these investigations. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Command and control systems KW - Command guidance KW - Command systems KW - Digital computers KW - Dispatching KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Optimization KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093020 AU - Heathington, K W AU - Davis, FWJ AU - Symons, R T AU - Middendorf, D P AU - Griese, S C AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TWO PRIVATELY OWNED SHARED-RIDE TAXI SYSTEMS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1975/04 SP - 25 p. AB - The report is the executive summary of a comprehensive study of the markets, economic characteristics and operation of two privately owned, demand-responsive transportation systems in operation in Davenport, Iowa, and Hicksville, New York. Objectives of the study are stated and the study areas examined. In terms of the characteristics of bus and shared-ride taxi usage, the level of ridership, roles of bus and shared-ride taxi service, level of service, market composition, frequency of use, and modal choice determinants are addressed. Revenue, goods movement, and costs are presented in the section on economic considerations. Attitudes toward public involvement, management and organization, and the potential of shared-ride taxi service are discussed. KW - Attitudes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301228 AU - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Atlanta Regional Commission TI - THE EFFECT OF FARE REDUCTION ON TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN THE ATLANTA REGION PY - 1975/04 SP - 80 p. AB - The ridership for the first 12 months of operation under the reduced fare of 15 cents (3/1/72 to 2/28/73) was 14.6 percent over that of the preceding year and 20.6 percent greater than the ridership estimated under continued Atlanta Transit System operation. However, based on data from the on-board survey, the indicated increase in ridership for the twelve months ending June 30, 1973, was 30.2 percent taking into account additional fare-induced trips made by old riders, new rider trips, and using continuing old rider trips as a base. During the initial months of reduced fare service, trips by new riders comprised 90 percent of the additional ridership with virtually all induced tripmaking by old riders taking place on weekends. Almost two-thirds of weekday new riders previously made the trip in an automobile--nearly two-thirds of which were drivers. New drivers are generally younger and wealthier than old riders, with a high proportion of males and whites; and a greater percentage of them use transit for making non-work trips. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Data collection KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Trip purpose UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/141797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093368 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - REGIONAL PROFILE. REGIONAL MIGRATION, 1970. VOLUME II. NUMBER 7 PY - 1975/04 SP - 19 p. AB - Although Tri-State residents relocate rather frequently--85.2 percent since 1950--only 8.6 percent of the Region's total population moved before 1950. After 1965 however, 47.8 percent of the Region's 7,451,000 residents five years and older changed their addresses: 43.4 percent moved within the same subregion; 20.8 percent moved from a different subregion in the same state; and 11.3 percent moved from one state to another. Of the 18,724,940 total regional residents in 1970, 6.2 percent had never moved. Central Naugatuck, Brooklyn and Passaic were the highest nonmover areas, while Housatonic Valley, Rockland, Monmouth and Manhattan were reported to have the lowest percentage of nonmovers. KW - Census KW - Connecticut KW - New Jersey KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - Population migrations KW - Population movements KW - Regional planning KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133458 AU - Ruiter, E R AU - Kocur, G A AU - Stuart, D G AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - A STUDY DESIGN FOR DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY PY - 1975/03/20 SP - 204 p. AB - This document is a Study Design for a Dual Mode Planning Case Study to be carried out for the Milwaukee, Wilconsin, Metropolitan region. The 14 month case study is expected to develop a methodology for dual mode planning at the sketch planning level of detail, to provide feedback to the UMTA dual mode hardware design effort, and to evaluate the usefulness of recent UMTA software development efforts for conducting such a case study. The Study Design includes a detailed description of the individual project tasks and subtasks which will be carried out. The tasks emphasize both the need to represent dual mode as a new transportation technology with many uncertainties as to its characteristics; and the need to consider the goals, objectives, and socioeconomic and trip making characteristics of the local area. In addition to the description of the planned technical work steps, this document also contains cost allocations, time schedules, organizational arrangements and management control procedures for the conduct of this project. KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Cost allocation KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Grooves KW - Hardware KW - Management KW - Pavement grooving KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Software KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092487 AU - San Diego County, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. TECHNICAL SUMMARY REPORT. VOLUME I PY - 1975/03 SP - 240 p. AB - The report is the technical summary of the Regional Transportation Plan for the San Diego region. It contains an overview of the plan's development process; describes the existing transportation system; summarizes the Regional Transportation Plan by modal elements; contains adopted regional development and transportation goals, objectives and policies, the implementation strategy (financial plan), proposals for changes in institutional arrangements (operations plan), and a description of the continuing planning activities to be undertaken to further refine and assist in plan implementation. KW - Air pollution KW - Air transportation KW - California KW - Finance KW - Highway transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Mode S KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - San Diego (California) KW - Strategic planning KW - Strategy KW - Technical analysis KW - Technology assessment KW - Transit companies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092488 AU - San Diego County, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. FINANCIAL PLAN. VOLUME II PY - 1975/03 SP - 99 p. AB - This report documents the financial analysis undertaken in the Regional Transportation Plan. Following a brief description of the plan elements, the report describes the basic assumptions used for cost and revenue escalation and source of funds. A cost/revenue comparison for the transit and highway elements is presented and the additional transportation funding needs are identified. The final chapter discusses three financial policies adopted to support plan implementation. A five-part appendix documents the history of transportation revenues and expenditures in the San Diego region, describes the cost constrained financial plan, and contains the detailed project listings and revenue and expenditure forms required by the California Department of Transportation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Comparative analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic factors KW - Economic needs KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Financial expenditures KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Light rail transit KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Revenues KW - San Diego (California) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099185 AU - Connell, W M AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PRIORITIES IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT. VOLUME 2 - EXHIBITS PY - 1975/03 SP - 280 p. AB - This report contains the exhibits of the Volume 1 report, a report which develops a program to identify what should be done to aid in assuring that rail rapid transit safety continues to produce the lowest number of fatalities of any of the major passenger transportation modes. Exhibits are: (1) Work Statement; (2) Project Implementation Plan; (3) Safety Advisory Board; (4 & 5) Safety Advisory Board Meeting Agendas and Minutes; (6) Safety Advisory Board Committee Meeting Minutes; (7) Montreal Fire Report; (8) Compilation of Safety Related Items; (9) Accident Source Items Final Listing; (10) TDC Monograph Series 500 "Transit Flammability Requirements" 500-3; (11) UITP - Combustibility of Material Used in the Construction of Modern Rolling Stock; (12) Work Statement on Non-metallic Materials; (13) Consultants Report on Fire Safety of Materials; (14) Engineering for Fire Safety of Rail Rapid Mass Transit Systems - SRI; (15) TDC Monograph Series 500 "Smokeless Cable" 500-2; (16) NASA Problem Statement No. 72-04-025 Smokeless Non-toxic Cable; (17) Fire Extinguishing System - 8-74; (18) Work Statement The Development of a Method and Equipment for Early Detection of Fire, etc; (19) a proposed Study of Accidents on Fixed Stairs in Rapid Transit Stations - E. Novell; (20) Proposed Work Statement "Design, Test and Acceptance Criteria for Transparencies; (21) Work Statement for the Production and Distribution of a Safety Film on Mass Transit; and 6 other exhibits with relevancy to the main report. KW - Crash causes KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electrical equipment hazards KW - Fires KW - Hazards KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Poisons KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Windows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099186 AU - Connell, W M AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PRIORITIES IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT. VOLUME 1 - REPORT PY - 1975/03 SP - 45 p. AB - Rail Rapid transit presently produces the lowest number of fatalities of any of the major passenger transportation modes. This report develops a program to identify what should be done to aid in assuring that rail rapid transit safety continues. All aspects of rail rapid transit safety are reviewed, hazards are identified, priorities established, and remedial actions recommended. Recommendations include: (1) an evaluation program for materials which utilizes new methods of computing and assessing risk in the areas of flammability, smoke and toxicity; (2) compilation and dissemination of procedures, techniques, and equipment used in the safe evacuation of rail rapid transit patrons; (3) an improvement study of fixed stairs in rail rapid transit facilities to determine whether significant reduction can be achieved in the number of patron falls; (4) a safety education plan to produce films for public education and use in primary schools; (5) work efforts in the development of fire detection and transit vehicle fire extinguishing equipment; (6) establishment of criteria for transparencies used for transit vehicles; (7) determination of hazards of power regeneration and the evolution of procedures to eliminate them; and (8) continuation and support of the Safety Advisory Board techniques for analyzing and assessing safety in rail rapid transit to help assure coordinated technical information input to transit safety development. A bibliography is furnished. KW - Electrical equipment KW - Electrical equipment hazards KW - Fires KW - Hazards KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Poisons KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Windows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167299 AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PATRON ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY. A METRO TRANSIT/CITY OF SEATTLE JOINT PROJECT (1973) PY - 1975/03 SP - 102 p. AB - The purpose of this survey was to provide a current data base which would assist in the rational planning and marketing of public transportation in King County, Washington. The report presents the methods and preliminary results of the transit patron origin and destination survey conducted on May 23 and 24, 1973, on the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) Transit System. The survey consisted of two parts, including a one-way (inbound) questionnaire distributed to approximately 58,000 passengers who boarded buses outside the Seattle Central Business District (CBD), and a complementary survey questionnaire distributed to approximately 33,000 persons boarding inside the Seattle CBD. The results of the survey were processed and stored in machine-readable form on magnetic tape. Data were summarized on both a geographic and a demographic basis. KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Statistical analysis KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166497 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated AU - Honeywell AU - Twin Cities Area Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED SMALL VEHICLE FIXED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS STUDY PY - 1975/03 SP - 255 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to provide sufficient, reliable information to citizens and public officials of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area as a basis for determination of the best form of automated fixed guideway system to satisfy needs of the area. For purposes of comparison, an overall objective of the SVS study process was to develop small vehicle alternatives which would be comparable in cost to the 57-mile Intermediate Capacity Rapid Transit (ICRT) system approved by the Twin Cities Area Metropolitan Transit Commission in December 1972, and which would offer a more demand-responsive service. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Financing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Minnesota KW - Optimization KW - People movers KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133287 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. STATION PLANNING PY - 1975/03 SP - 72 p. AB - The project was designed to develop a revised and updated series of handbooks covering various aspects of the design, construction, and equipment of a modern rail rapid transit system. This volume covers station planning. KW - Car clearances (Railroads) KW - Circulation KW - Clearances KW - Components KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Doors KW - Electrical equipment KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fare collection KW - Fire causes KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Planning KW - Platforms KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Public address systems KW - Radio KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Structural design KW - Surveillance KW - Telephone KW - Toilet facilities KW - Toilets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133290 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. SIGNALS AND COMMUNICATION PY - 1975/03 SP - 245 p. AB - The main purpose of signaling is to provide safety and headway for rapid transit operations. This is accomplished by installing and interconnecting thousands of components of signal equipment into a coordinated system that, in all phases, stresses safety. There are three (3) main classifications of signals: automatic signals, approach signals and home signals. The purpose of the manual is to assist in standardizing the procedures involved in furnishing and installing of equipment to establish a signal system. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic train stop system KW - Block signal systems KW - Block systems KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fail safe systems KW - Handbooks KW - Highway traffic control KW - Instructions KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad signals KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Signal devices KW - Signal systems KW - Telecommunications KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090658 AU - Madigan, R J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM FISCAL YEAR 1974. YEAR END SUMMARY PY - 1975/03 SP - 94 p. AB - Major areas include program management, technical support and application engineering, facilities development, test and evaluation, and technology development. Specific technical discussion includes track measurement systems; UMTA facilities development at the DOT High Speed Ground Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado; rail car test and evaluation; instrumentation for data acquisition and processing; noise abatement technology; tunneling; and car crashworthiness studies. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Instrumentation KW - Noise control KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ride quality KW - Safety engineering KW - Structural engineering KW - Transportation development KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136912 AU - McQueen, J T AU - Miller, G K AU - HARRISON, C AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS BUS-ON-FREEWAY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT/A STUDY OF PARK-AND-RIDING PY - 1975/03 SP - 52 p. AB - The market for fixed route transit operations is not limited to travelers within walking distance of transit stops. This was demonstrated by the Shirley Highway Express-Bus-on-Freeway Project as project promoted park-and-ride operations led to sizable increases in bus patronage: Park-and-riders, commuters who traveled by auto to a bus stop and then by bus to work, greatly expanded the market for the fixed route bus service in the Shirley Highway Corridor area. This report presents results of a study of the successful park-and-ride operation within the Shirley Highway Corridor area: suburban fringe parking lots coupled with the high speed buses of the Shirley Highway Express-Bus-on-Freeway Project. Demographic characteristics of the park-and-riders as well as characteristics of their present park-and-ride and previous commute trips are examined. Factors important in the commuters' decisions to park-and-ride are identified. The report also describes the survey procedures used in the study. KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Freeways KW - Parking facilities KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133296 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. MATERIALS INSPECTION-1 PY - 1975/03 SP - 318 p. AB - This volume contains an overall picture of the function, structure, and operation of the Materials Inspection Division. Included in this volume are the following: Functions of the materials inspection division; Inspections - general information; Introduction - testing laboratories; Physical testing laboratory; Chemical testing laboratory; Cement testing laboratory; Soils testing laboratory; Radiography - testing; Metallography - testing; Construction and road materials - sampling, inspection and testing; Steel and allied materials - sampling, inspection and testing; Procedures for inspection of special track work and truck frames for rapid transit cars. KW - Building materials KW - Cement KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chemical composition KW - Construction projects KW - Equipment tests KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Inspection KW - Materials KW - Metallography KW - Metals KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Quality control KW - Radiography KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sampling KW - Soil tests KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Steel KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test equipment KW - Test facilities KW - Tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133292 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. TRACK AND CONTACT RAIL PY - 1975/03 SP - 58 p. AB - The project was designed to develop a revised and updated series of handbooks covering various aspects of the design, construction, and equipment of a modern rail rapid transit system. This volume deals with track and contact rail. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Building KW - Classification KW - Concrete slab track KW - Crossovers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power supply KW - Facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Installation KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switches (Railroads) KW - Third rail KW - Track components KW - Track design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133289 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. CONSTRUCTION PY - 1975/03 SP - 186 p. AB - Contents: Construction guidelines: Underpinning; Decking; Maintenance, support and protection of utilities; Excavation; Steel erection; Restoration; Hard rock tunneling; Mixed face tunneling; Soft ground tunneling; Pressure grouting and graveling. KW - Atmospheric pressure KW - Construction KW - Construction equipment KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Design KW - Excavating equipment KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavations KW - Grouting KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Pressure gradient KW - Public utilities KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural supports KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Underpinning KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133291 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. HYDRAULICS, ELECTRIC DUCTS AND PLUMBING PY - 1975/03 SP - 52 p. AB - Contents: Hydraulics; Electric ducts; Electric duct manholes; Plumbing. KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Ducts KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric raceways KW - Electrical equipment KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulics KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Plumbing KW - Plumbing systems KW - Public utilities KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133293 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. EQUIPMENT PY - 1975/03 SP - 243 p. AB - Contents: Equipment guidelines: General criteria; Auxiliary electrical power and lighting; Heating; Ventilation and air cooling; Escalators; Pumps and ejectors; Fire lines; Direct current connections. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Building materials KW - Construction management KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Electric power supply KW - Electrical equipment KW - Environmental engineering KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Lighting KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Structural members KW - Subways KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133295 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. NEW CAR ENGINEERING PY - 1975/03 SP - 269 p. AB - The project was designed to develop a revised and updated series of handbooks covering various aspects of the design, construction, and equipment of a modern rail rapid transit system. This document contains information on new car engineering. KW - Air brakes KW - Assemblies (Equipment) KW - Assembling KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Building materials KW - Concrete finishing KW - Construction KW - Control devices KW - Control systems KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Doors KW - Fabrication KW - Frames KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Motors KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Painting KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion controls KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety equipment KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Underframes KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle frames KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133286 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PY - 1975/03 SP - 196 p. AB - The project was designed to develop a revised and updated series of handbooks covering various aspects of the design, construction, and equipment of a modern rail rapid transit system. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Local government KW - Mode choice KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Passengers KW - Pollution control KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sociology KW - Subways KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133288 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. STRUCTURAL DESIGN PY - 1975/03 SP - 125 p. AB - Contents: Structural design guidelines: Datum table; Clearances; Loads and stresses to be used in designing subways, tunnels and elevated structures; Details of design for structural steel; Design columns; Design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures; Water proofing of subways; Natural ventilation design criteria between stations. KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Elevated structures KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Structural members KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133294 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. POWER PY - 1975/03 SP - 31 p. AB - The Power Standards for new lines provide the basic concepts for the design of traction power systems for new routes. The Standards describe the criteria used for the determination of the power requirements, the parameters used in the selection of substation sites and the types of electrical equipment employed for the conversion of High Tension AC power to DC traction power. They include the techniques used to control the power system from one control point and the means by which each substation can be controlled in the event of a supervisory cable failure. The Standards also describe the methods employed to give maximum safety in the substations and on the railroad in case of faults or emergencies. These guides should prove helpful in the design of traction power systems for new routes. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric power KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric railroads KW - Electric substations KW - Electrical equipment KW - Energy consumption KW - Handbooks KW - High voltage KW - Instructions KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Power equipment KW - Power requirement KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Remote control KW - Safety KW - Traction KW - Traction systems KW - Transmission lines KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133297 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY DESIGN GUIDELINES. MATERIALS INSPECTION-2 PY - 1975/03 SP - 409 p. AB - Contents: Specific inspections: paint-sampling, inspection and testing; Lumber-sampling, inspection and testing; Inspection of fuel oils and lubricants; Uniforms and textile materials-sampling, inspection and testing; Soaps and synthetic detergents-sampling, inspection and testing; Rubber and synthetic rubber, sampling, inspection and testing; Plastics-sampling, inspection and testing; Leather inspection-sampling, inspection and testing; Floor coverings (non-textile)-sampling, inspection and testing. KW - Chemical analysis KW - Chemicals KW - Detergents KW - Elastomers KW - Equipment tests KW - Fabrics KW - Floor coverings KW - Fuel oils KW - Fuels KW - Handbooks KW - Inspection KW - Leather KW - Lubricants KW - Lubricating oils KW - Lumber KW - Materials KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Paint KW - Plastics KW - Quality control KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sampling KW - Soap KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Synthetics KW - Test equipment KW - Test facilities KW - Tests KW - Uniforms UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093628 AU - Lovett, C D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS PY - 1975/03 SP - 69 p. AB - The bus priority strategies tested in eight different cities (Washington, D. C.; Leicester, England; Derby, England; Kent, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; Miami, Florida; Bern, Switzerland; Alkmaar, Netherlands) used a variety of signal control techniques to award priority to buses at traffic control intersections. The report results range from seven seconds reduction in average bus delay at one intersection in Leicester, to 24 seconds reduction at an intersection in Bern. More importantly, the range of travel time through an intersection in Derby was reduced by more than one half. Such reduction in range of travel time has a significant impact on reducing run time variation along a bus route. In Washington, 34 intersections were equipped with bus detectors which fed bus arrival information to the central Urban Traffic Control System/Bus Priority System computers. The U.S. and European approaches to BPS demonstrations differ. U.S. demonstrations range in size from three to 34 intersections and emphasize hardware and software development. In contrast, demonstrations outside of the U.S. typically include one intersection and stress studies of how the mean travel time and the range of travel time through the intersection have improved with priority as compared to buses operating without priority. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Florida KW - Instruments for measuring time KW - Intersections KW - Kentucky KW - Netherlands KW - Ohio KW - Signal devices KW - Signalization KW - Switzerland KW - Time measurement KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - United Kingdom KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090515 AU - Kienstra, W G AU - Minnick, D J AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POINT-TO-POINT TRIP MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS) PY - 1975/02/07 SP - 27 p. AB - The preliminary analysis of Point-To-Point Trip Management (PTPTM) was prepared for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration in Washington, D.C. PTPTM is concerned with providing prospective riders of mass transit with the necessary detailed information for particular trips. This report contains the results of a literature search on automation in the telephone information center, and analyzes the data collected from 29 existing centers. Additionally, on-site visits were made to three operational centers, and tapes of actual telephone inquiries and responses were obtained and analyzed. The use of microfiche and computers are examined as an aid to the operators in these centers. Total automation of these centers is also discussed. Conclusions and recommendations for further study in this area, and an annotated bibliography, are also part of this report. KW - Automation KW - Computers KW - Information systems KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Ridership KW - Telephone KW - Transit riders KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093364 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTING SHARED TAXICAB SERVICES. A CASE STUDY IN ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA PY - 1975/02 SP - 45 p. AB - Recent research has suggested that significant improvements in urban mobility could be achieved by allowing taxicabs to offer a variety of shared-ride services, for which passengers with different trip origins or destinations can share the same taxicab. Local regulations in most urban areas in the U.S. have historically discouraged or prohibited such services, however. Arlington County, Virginia, recently decided to introduce shared taxicab services on an experimental basis, with a view to their eventual implementation as a permanent new form of public transportation for the county. This paper discusses the motivation for this experiment, the issues and problems encountered in designing it, and the specific service provisions and fare structure adopted. The paper also outlines measurement procedures designed to assist Arlington County in evaluating the experiment. KW - Case studies KW - Economic analysis KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Sharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092212 AU - Gillan, J AU - Wachs, M AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Yellow Cab Company TI - LIFESTYLES AND TRANSPORTATION NEEDS AMONG THE ELDERLY OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY PY - 1975/02 SP - 28 p. AB - The report examined the trip-making behavior of persons over 65 years of age residing in Los Angeles County, California. The two types of elderly lifestyles that were studied were those living in the inner-city and those located around the urban fringe. Four areas within the county were selected that reflect these two living patterns. A comparative analysis of trip patterns and socio-economic data was completed. In addition to investigating travel patterns, a survey of taxicab use on weekends and weekdays was undertaken. The elderly represent a substantial proportion of taxicab patrons. Their use of taxis is further indicative of the changes which occur in mobility patterns upon reaching retirement. This mode of transportation is presently the only type of demand-responsive service available to the senior population in some parts of the county. Tables present data collected in the study. KW - Aged KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Inner cities KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Old age KW - Requirement KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Specifications KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092034 AU - Adams, G J AU - Mobility Systems and Equipment Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TEST AND EVALUATION OF AN EDDY CURRENT CLUTCH/BRAKE PROPULSION SYSTEM PY - 1975/02 SP - 98 p. AB - This report covers the Phase II effort of a program to develop and test a 15 hp eddy-current clutch propulsion system. Included in the Phase 2 effort are the test and evaluation of the eddy-current clutch propulsion system on board a test vehicle. The test vehicle was designed and built to be compatible with an existing monorail track and was instrumented for the duration of the test program. KW - Advanced systems KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Clutches KW - Eddy current brakes KW - Eddy currents KW - Electric drives KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Monorail transportation KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Speed control KW - Testing KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093564 AU - TOYE, C R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE AVAILABILITY SIMULATION OF AGT SYSTEMS PY - 1975/02 SP - 33 p. AB - The report discusses the analytical and simulation procedures that were used to evaluate the effects of failure in a complex dual mode transportation system based on a worst case study-state condition. The computed results are an availability figure of merit and not an absolute prediction with associated confidence levels of system availability. The advantage of this procedure is that it avoids the use of a dynamic network traffic flow simulation which is both costly and time-consuming. The analytical and simulation approach taken encompasses fault tree and failure mode and effect analyses. The novel aspect of this approach is the use of the Monte Carlo technique to determine the physical location of failed vehicles in the system (on or off the guideway, in station berths, or at various merge/demerge sectors). KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Availability KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Failure KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Maintainability KW - Mechanical guides KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Numerical analysis KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Planning KW - Reliability KW - Simulation KW - Streets KW - Supply KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093348 AU - Bronitsky, L AU - Misner, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EVALUATING URBAN TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES PY - 1975/02 SP - 62 p. AB - The objective of the report was to compare five alternative methods for evaluating urban transportation improvement options: unaided judgmental evaluation cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis based on a single measure of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness analysis based on multiple measures of effectiveness, and scoring function methods. Each method was assessed within the framework of eight methodological criteria relating to the three major concerns of feasibility, reviewability, and relevancy. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) the judgmental method is satisfactory in several respects, but its subjectivity, lack of specificity might create difficulties in a federal review of the local decision process; (2) of the systematic evaluation methods, cost-effectiveness analysis based on multiple measures of effectiveness poses the fewest difficulties in simultaneously serving the local and federal purposes. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Methodology KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Substitutes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092352 AU - Duffy and Shanley, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CRANSTON TRANSVAN PY - 1975/02 SP - 42 p. AB - This is the final report of the Cranston TRANSVAN, a demonstration program of low-cost, demand-responsive transportation for the elderly and the handicapped of Cranston, Rhode Island, a suburban community of over 75,000 population. This report covers activities from Sept. '72 through Dec. '74. TRANSVAN'S unique and innovative scheduling provides a combination of services to maximize the utilization of the systems 3 buses to best serve subscriber demands. Fixed and flexible routes, variable fixed schedule and dial-a-ride, all door-to-door and on demand, operate in concert. Transportation services offered have been: Mon. through Fri., personal trips for medical services, grocery and retail shopping, senior club meetings, personal business, and charters and connections; Sat. group recreational trips; and Fri. evening and Sun. worship service. This report presents a picture of the project in terms of planning, organization and operation and includes data, maps and statistics. Drawings and pictures of the 19-passenger buses as redesigned for the program are included. One of the three buses has a special elevator to allow easy access for passengers in wheelchairs. KW - Aged KW - Data KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Door to door service KW - Maps KW - Methodology KW - Minibuses KW - Minorities KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rhode Island KW - Scheduling KW - Statistics KW - Transit buses KW - Transportation KW - Transportation development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136979 AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Harrison, H D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DATA ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EVALUATING RAIL JOINTS AND RAIL FASTENERS IN URBAN TRACKS PY - 1975/02 SP - 156 p. AB - Rail fasteners for concrete ties and direct fixation and bolted rail joints have been identified as key components for improving track performance. However, the lack of statistical load data limits the development of improved design criteria and evaluation tests. This report evaluates the data required for design, laboratory tests, and for the development and verification of analytical models of fastener and joint performance. Available track instrumentation is reviewed for fulfilling these requirements, and functional specifications have been developed for improved tie plate load cells and instrumented wheels. Also included are recommendations for data analysis and data processing procedures and test site selection criteria needed to plan and conduct comprehensive measurement programs. KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Concrete ties KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment tests KW - Failure KW - Fasteners KW - Instrumentation KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Joints junctions KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Rail fasteners KW - Rail joints KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Test equipment KW - Track response investigations KW - Track structures KW - Trafficability KW - Train track dynamics KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090537 AU - Cohn, S G AU - Ellis, R H AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF THE AC TRANSIT STRIKE UPON BART PY - 1975/02 SP - 80 p. AB - The Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) and the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) provide bus and rapid rail public transportation, respectively, on the east side of San Francisco Bay. On July 1, 1974, AC Transit employees began a strike that was to last 62 days. This study assesses the impacts of the strike on BART travel, on travel between the east side of the Bay and San Francisco, and on the travelers who normally used AC Transit. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - California KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Strike recovery KW - Strikes KW - Surveys KW - Transit riders KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093021 AU - University of Montreal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAFFIC EQUILIBRIUM METHODS: STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPERS PY - 1975/01 SP - 260 p. AB - Twelve papers, selected from those presented at the International Symposium on Traffic Equilibrium Methods held at the Universite de Montreal, November 21-23, 1974, summarize the current state of model research, computation and practice in this area. The papers are on topics as follows: 'Equilibrium versus Optimum in Public Transportation Systems'; 'Integrated Equilibrium Flow Models for Transportation Planning'; 'Equilibrium Methods for the Study of a Congested Urban Area'; 'Area Traffic Control and Network Equilibrium'; 'Delay Functions in Assignment Problems'; 'Analysis and Comparison of Behavioral Assumptions in Traffic Assignment'; 'Supply Functions for Public Transport-Initial Concepts and Models'; 'Equilibrium Methods for Traffic Assignment'; 'Freeway Corridor Assignment Equilibria'; 'Network Equilibrium Capabilities for the UMTA Transportation Planning System'; 'The Choice of Assignment Techniques for Large Networks'; 'Equilibrium Models in Use-Practical Problems and Proposals for Transport Planning'. KW - Canada KW - Equilibrium (Mechanics) KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093361 AU - Hajj, H M AU - University of South Carolina, Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAPID COMMUTER TRANSIT FOR MEDIUM SIZED URBAN AREAS PY - 1975/01 SP - 318 p. AB - The approach to the problem took into account present and future travel, public attitudes and preferences available on-site facilities and state-of-the-art equipment, and the interest of local businessmen, financial agencies, and government officials in solving the problem prior to its continued development. Chapters include: An inventory of existing conditions in the Corridor; models and forecasts (1995) of planning and travel data; alternative transit concepts such as priority lanes and ramp metering; detailed analyses of the most promising transit alternatives; recommendations for the provision of high quality transit service in medium-sized urban areas; and the extent of applicability of these recommendations to medium-sized urban areas throughout the U.S. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Commuting KW - Medium sized cities KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Planning KW - Public opinion KW - Ramp metering KW - Rapid transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - South Carolina KW - Substitutes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29967 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092466 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME III. RIDE QUALITY TESTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 250 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Commuter cars KW - Deceleration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger transportation KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092467 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME IV. NOISE TESTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 125 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Commuter cars KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Noise KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Power spectra KW - Power spectral density KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Sound level KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12000/12054/Land_Developer.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092468 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TESTS CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME V. STRUCTURAL, VOLTAGE, AND RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE TESTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 84 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Commuter cars KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Electric potential KW - Interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Loads KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Radio frequency interference KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Structural analysis KW - Testing KW - Thyristors KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092469 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME VI. SOAC INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PY - 1975/01 SP - 117 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Braking KW - Comfort KW - Commuter cars KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Dynamic tests KW - Electric power KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Measuring instruments KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Stresses KW - Structural engineering KW - Test equipment KW - Testing KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092464 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME I. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND TEST SUMMARY PY - 1975/01 SP - 88 p. AB - The six-volume report presents the technical methodology, data samples, and results of tests conducted on the SOAC on the Rail Transit Test Track at the High Speed Ground Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado during the period April to July 1973. The Test program comprises three areas: Vehicle testing, ways and structures testing and track geometry measurement. The objective of the SOAC program is to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art in rail rapid transit vehicle technology, with passenger convenience and operating efficiency as primary goals. In this series, Vol. I contains a description of the SOAC test program and vehicle, and a summary of the test results; Vol. II, Performance Test data; Vol. III, Ride Quality Test data; Vol. IV, Noise Test data; Vol. V, Structural, Voltage, and Radio Frequency Interference Test data; and Vol. VI a description of the Instrumentation system used for performance, ride quality and structural testing. KW - Comfort KW - Commuter cars KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Sound level KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Systems engineering KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Track geometry KW - Track quality KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092465 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME II. PERFORMANCE TESTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 160 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Braking performance KW - Commuter cars KW - Deceleration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Energy consumption KW - Friction KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Traction KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092463 AU - BOEING COMPANY AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORTS PY - 1975/01 SP - 824p-in 6V AB - No Abstract. KW - Commuter cars KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - Interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Structural analysis KW - Testing KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092213 AU - Gelick, M S AU - SILVER, M L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN FOR THE HANDICAPPED IN ELEVATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1975/01 SP - 68 p. AB - The report is concerned with the mobility of the physically disabled within urban areas. It identifies architectural barriers faced by the handicapped in relation to rapid transit, establishes design standards, and shows ways these standards may be incorporated in prototypical and existing stations. An evaluation of the Howard Street line of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is presented. Design standards are established to aid designers in making elevated transportation systems accessible to the handicapped. Various architectural elements, including doors, entry and exit controls, stairs and elevators are diagrammed and discussed. The design standards established are for minimal tolerances and may be exceeded wherever it is felt necessary. The two basic types of platforms presently being used in rapid transit systems, the mid platform and the split platform, are analyzed with particular interest to providing access to the handicapped. Representative station types presently used are explained by diagrams and text. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Doors KW - Elevated guideways KW - Elevated structures KW - Employees KW - Escalators KW - Human factors KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation problems KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143016 AU - Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SCHOOL BUS: A TRANSPORTATION RESOURCE FOR NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS PY - 1975/01 SP - 77 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to explore the possibility of more extensive use of school buses in northeastern Illinois. The study area includes the six counties of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will. The study approaches the subject through four steps: (1) putting the school-bus resource in the six-county area into perspective; (2) examining the potential market for additional transit service; (3) identifying the principal constraints in using school buses for non-student transportation purposes; and (4) developing conclusions regarding areas of opportunity for the broader use of school bus equipment. KW - Buses KW - Constraints KW - Counties KW - Illinois KW - Market research KW - Market surveys KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - School buses KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158089 AU - GILSINN, J F AU - Saurdens, P B AU - Pearl, M H AU - National Bureau of Standards TI - PATH FINDING ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES FOR POINT-TO-POINT TRIP MANAGEMENT PY - 1975/01 SP - 78 p. AB - This report identifies and characterizes the data base and computer software requirements of a Point-to-Point Trip Management )PTPRM) System which provides detailed transit trip itineraries in response to inquiries made by prospective passengers. The requirements fall into four categories, corresponding to successive states in processing such as inquiry: (1) reception and interpretation; (2) location and connection; (3) path calculation; and (4) report. Procedures for path calculation are discussed in detail, including techniques for improving shortest path algorithm performance both through optimized computational schemes and through special methods of representing and manipulating the data base describing transit routes and schedules. Estimates, based on step-by-step schemes presented in an appendix, indicate that computation time will be sufficiently small (less than one second per request) that on-line path computation is feasible. Since path finding represents only a fraction of the total time spend in answering a request for itinerary, a queuing model is developed to establish how many formerly lost calls would be captured by a computerized system which achieved a prescribed fractional saving in service time; illustrative application of this model indicates a sharp reduction in lost calls. KW - Algorithms KW - Computers KW - Data systems KW - Databases KW - Daylight KW - Estimates KW - Information systems KW - Inquiry KW - Interpretation KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - On line computers KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Routes KW - Software KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509276 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Center city commuter rail connection, Philadelphia : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293600 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01506767 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Evaluating Demand-Responsive Transportation Systems. General Discussion PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 156-159 AB - No abstract U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Adolescents KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Digital communication systems KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Productivity KW - Ridership KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1290777 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411727 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Light rail transit PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - 173p U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail transport KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Rail transport KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr161/sr161.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070844 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Draft outline, for the Colorado Regional Transportation District Dsum; : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft environmental impact analysis, first segment, Melody Drive addendum B1 KW - Colorado KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070615 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Metropolitan Washington rapid transit system : environmental impact statement PY - 1975///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Metro Route A extension and service-inspection yard relocation, Rockville to Shady Grove (DC,MD) FDsup(2v), Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830000 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126170 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heinle, George W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 75-76 AB - The criteria developed for the selection of demand- responsive transportation (DRT) vehicles, the minibuses that were bought, the innovative design features and the mechanical problems that were encountered are briefly described. The minibus had low steps, was sturdy, and ecologically acceptable (it had a dual fuel system which used natural gas as the regular fuel and gasoline as a backup fuel). The minibus had disc brakes which were an improvement over the standard drum brakes. Innovative features included an exit door at the extreme rear of the right cantilever, perimeter fiber glass seats, no seat legs in the aisle area, removal of tripping hazards, and storage area under the seats. Some of the mechanical problems (short life of brake linings) were the result of crowding 50 people into a 21-seat bus (at noon). Problems were also encountered with the dual fuel engine; stalling, low fuel mileage overheating and radiator troubles were frequent. A preventive maintenance program has been developed: lubricating, oil change, and normal fluid collection and engine check are done every 3,000 miles, and major inspection is performed every 6,000 miles. Specifications have now been developed which provide for substantially larger, heavy duty brake systems and fuel systems for propane gas or other nonfossil fuels. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Air quality management KW - Braking performance KW - Criteria KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dual fueling KW - Equipment KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Minibuses KW - Motor vehicles KW - Natural gas KW - Performance based specifications KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Propane KW - Propane fuel KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Specifications KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34781 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126150 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS & SERVICES PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - 177 p. AB - The forty two papers presented at the conference on demand-responsive transportation (DRT) are oriented toward a number of significant issues that are still unresolved and will impact the future of DRT. Three papers on the state-of-the-art of DRT examines the services and techniques used to provide those services. The role of DRT service in larger metropolitan areas with significant fixed route service is discussed and the importance of integrating DRT and fixed route systems is considered. Four papers cover aspects of planning for new and integrated DRT systems, and 2 papers discuss the implementation and operation of integrated transit services. Six papers describe the implementation and operation of new DRT services. Service for the elderly and handicapped (should it be combined with general DRT; and special vehicle design) is discussed in 2 papers, presented at the session devoted exclusively to taxicabs, examined the role of taxi companies in DRT operations, as well as the more general issues of taxicab operations. Research and development in DRT is covered in 4 papers. The role of automation is discussed and the issue of whether dispatching should be computer aided or computer controlled is examined. Four presentations on marketing and promtion of DRT, cover aspects such as fare structures, price-demand elasticities and marketing techniques and programs. Presentations were also made on system evaluation (2 papers) and political and public policy issues related to DRT (3papers). The panel and general discussions following the presentation of some papers are also included. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Development KW - Dispatching KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Future concepts KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Innovation KW - Installation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public policy KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Service KW - State of the art studies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126171 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Aex, Robert P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 77-78 AB - Experience in vehicle operation and maintenance in the demand-responsive transportation (DRT) system in Batavia, New York is briefly described. The system uses four 23-passenger Flexible Flxettes, and one 10-passenger Ford Courier each of which travel 600 miles per week during the busy season and totals 23,000 miles per year. The operation's preventive maintenance program requires a maintenance check every 1,000 miles. The cost of maintenance (including interior and exterior washing) for a total of 76,383 miles was 10.6 cents/mile. Maintenance costs and an analysis of maintenance and repair jobs are tabulated. Heavy and frequent use of brakes in DRT service cause excessive wear, and break adjustments, relining etc., have contributed significantly to vehicle downtime. Brakes must be relined every 5,000 miles and brake drums replaced each 10,000 miles. Valve failure is the principal weakness in the automobile type of gasoline engines used in most of the small vehicles. DRT service also requires a better system for the cooling of the transmission oil. The recommendation has been made for a replacement program that calls for new vehicles after 75,000 miles or 3 years of service. The program establishes the life of the body as 6 years, and the bodies are remounted on new chassis. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Braking performance KW - Cooling KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Downtime KW - Equipment KW - Equipment replacement KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34783 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126172 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schnell, John B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 78-79 AB - The maintenance and operating costs of 3 fleets of buses is briefly discussed and the efforts towards development of specifications for small buses is outlined. The total maintenance cost is 34.71 cents/mile for the fleet of small vehicles, 7.54 cents/mile for the 1968 fleet of large 40-ft. diesel-powered vehicles, and 4.23 cents/mile for the fleet of full-sized 1972 vehicles. A Small Bus Specification Subcommittee was formed which consulted with manufacturers in the development of specifications. The response from people interested in these specifications has been encouraging. The evaluation of bus bids on the basis of more than low price, will provide the incentive to bus manufacturers to provide competitive, high-quality, reliable, small buses for the market. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Bids KW - Buses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Maintenance KW - Manufacturing KW - Operating costs KW - Performance based specifications KW - Prices KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34784 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126169 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Chaput, Hector AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 69-75 AB - When the Ottawa Transportation Commission converted (1958) from streetcars, trolley coaches and buses to an all-bus operation, specifications were prepared and tenders were requested for 107 buses. The tenders received were evaluated on the basis of initial cost, availability (downtime), reliability (road calls), and operating and maintenance cost. Bus appearance, comfort, driver and passenger appeal, service and delivery were considered as important intangibles. Data, conditions and circumstances that had to be satisfied by acceptable tenders are listed and 3 fictitious tenders are used as illustrative examples. All tenders must be analyzed to consider what has been included or excluded in the buses offered, and the initial cost adjusted accordingly. The calculation of availability and road calls is described. The calculation of availability and road calls is described. In the calculation of maintenance costs, the standard procedure was to plot the maintenance cost of buses in cents per mile against the number of years in operation. The plot falls on a straight line which increases at the rate of 1.2 cents/mile/year. This represents the maintenance cost standard for own property and the bus that has been standardized on. Project cost curves are illustrated and the establishment of relative costs is explained. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Availability KW - Bids KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Calculation KW - Computation KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Downtime KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Performance based specifications KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34780 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126176 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Samuels, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 87-91 AB - In the field of demand-responsive transportation (DRT), government regulation at every level must be reviewed to permit the inclusion of more modern concepts of the 3 major areas of regulatory concern: chauffeures, vehicles and service. This review must come soon because the thrust of current recommendations is to provide additional DRT service rather than to provide the means for existing business to meet the problem. In the area of chauffeur regulation, adequate and reasonable regulation must be enforced everywhere because too many licenses depend entirely on the licensing procedure to screen chauffeurs. Research indicates that the regulation of the design and construction of vehicles other than limitation of seating capacity is practically nonexistent. The regulations concerning age and condition of vehicle is generally left to administrative judgment. The van type vehicle is often omitted, and as a result vehicles rendering jitney and DRT services are unregulated. The point is made that taxicabs, which have historically been the vehicles for the private transportation of one or more persons, must have the opportunity to provide any additional or new DRT services that may be needed. The average DRT vehicle load is well within taxicab capacity. The latter is also suited to package delivery. Partnership with public transit is also a possibility. Improvement in the regulations concerning the limitation of the number of vehicles to be licensed is long overdue. Regulations related to the requirement of financial reliability need to be updated. The enactment of no-fault insurance legislation will reduce accident costs. A further major regulatory feature of DRT industry is the fixing of rates of fare. The rate structures must be revised so that any new DRT service can be provided at the outset at least, by taxicabs or limousines of existing operators or other vehicles provided by the operators. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Drivers KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Licenses KW - No fault insurance KW - Package and mail service KW - Parcels KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Regulations KW - Service KW - Taxicabs KW - Transit vehicles KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34789 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129809 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sullivan, Brian E AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ROUTE LAYOUT PHILOSOPHY AND SERVICE COORDINATION PARTICULARLY FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 26-36 AB - Peak-period and all-day service in public transportation are discussed with emphasis on light rail transit. Peak- period service treats each line as a separate entity operating from residential neighborhoods directly to the central business district. This type of service is typified by the American metro-mode motor-bus concept. Each route in an all-day service interacts with every other route enabling regionwide mobility. This integrated approach is found throughout Europe and is also well developed in a few U.S. and Canadian cities. Traditional network arrangements, such as radial and grid setups, and more recent concepts, such as the timed transfer focal point, are considered. Detailed aspects of service integration including schedules, passenger facilities, information, and fares are reviewed. That a widespread disinclination in North America to implement integrated systems exists because of limited funds and management disinterest is noted. The organizational structure successfully adopted in Europe to bring about service integration is described. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Mobility KW - Networks KW - Passenger service KW - Scheduling KW - Service KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36526 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126175 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Boynton, Charles AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 86-87 AB - Certain features and problems are discussed of the taxi industry which has 190,000 vehicles, carries 25 percent of the commuter traffic and serves 3,400 cities of all sizes. An important feature of the industry is the group riding or demand-responsive transportation service. Contracts have been entered into with schools, and special education schools. Service is provided for welfare recipients and handicapped persons requiring wheelchair service. Package delivery and jitney service are also provided. One of the problems faced by the industry is retention of accumulated revenues. Ninety five percent of the money from the taxi meter goes to employees. During the past 10 years, the industry has moved from employer-employee businesses to a lessee relation in when the company provides licensed system insurance, dispatching, and coordination and rents the car to the driver. The frequent entry-exit problem is illustrated by the service in Washington, D.C. which has 8,000 licensed taxis and an estimated 1,500 on the streets in the best of times. Central coordination will improve the situation. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Freight transportation KW - Insurance KW - Jitneys KW - Leasing KW - Package and mail service KW - Parcels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private transportation KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Schools KW - Sharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Welfare KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34788 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126177 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Greyshock, Donald G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 91-92 AB - The successful operation is described of a demand-responsive transportation (DRT) system in Huntington Park, California, and the opinion is expressed that DRT operation is entirely compatible with taxicab operation. The employees of the taxicab company (the successful bidders for the city's DRT operation), took only 3 hours for adjusting to the new operations. The city which uses federal revenue sharing funds to buy the services, is supplied with drivers, vehicles and vehicle maintenance. The cost to the city is $8.25/hour. Rates are 25 cents for children, adults and senior citizens alike. Two buses are operated from 9:00 a.m. to 6 p.m., and carry an average of 95 passengers/day/bus. The vehicle used is a 16-passenger van. A third bus is now needed (to meet the growing ridership) with a lift for handling of the handicapped, particularly those in wheelchairs. After 9 months of operation, it is concluded that no matter how high the ridership is, at the current rate structure, the operation will never be profitable. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Drivers KW - Fares KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private transportation KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Revenue sharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126168 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lovdahl, J Leonard AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 66-68 AB - The history is outlined and the operations are briefly described of a transportation service (Handicabs) for the elderly and handicapped in Milwaukee. The service offers door-to-door, low-cost, safe transport of passengers by employees trained in handling wheelchairs and disabled passengers. For the success of the system, it is considered that the users must become aware of the type of service offered. The commission arrangement with the driver is considered essential for the efficiency and economics of a demand-responsive service. The operator must keep the turnover rate as low as possible. Detailed and accurate information (does passenger have a wheelchair or must it be provided? is the passenger on the second floor? etc.) is critically important. Correct billing information (Medicaid information) must be obtained on the initial order. Good dispatching is as important as good information gathering. Adequate 2-way radio control, and drivers efficient in wheelchair handling and ambulatory assistance are also considered essential. To better serve the health community, handicabs has developed a nonpaid advisory group of representatives of the health care community, a consultant group from the private agency field to advise on agency matters, and user input aids such as addressed evaluation forms. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Bus drivers KW - Communication systems KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Door to door service KW - Drivers KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Installation KW - Medical services KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Radio KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34779 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126166 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, Nigel H M AU - Higonnet, B Trevor AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 55-60 AB - The major control functions (of considerable importance to integrated demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and conventional transit systems) are reviewed, and alternatives being implemented or are realistic possibilities for the future are presented. Control functions are composed of information transfer (related to service requests and vehicle activities), and decision-making (related to operation of DRT vehicles) functions. The service request option for the customer is the telephone system. For integrated systems, another option is receiving the request from the driver of a fixed-route bus (establishing direct communication between the control center and the driver of any route interfacing with DRT). Although the majority of DRT operations now use voice communication for driver instructions, digital communication will become the usual option for large integrated systems. In the Santa Clara integrated DRT and fixed-route system, digital communications will be used in conjunction with mobile displays and an automatic interfare with a computer used for dispatching. Information for driver progress form the driver to dispatcher may be digital or voice communication system. The decision process in integrated DRT and conventional systems can be divided into 3 functional categories: (1) control of simple DRT-the basic issues of a desirable control system are manual or automatic decision making, extent of future planning and commitment, and decentralization of decision making; (2) control of the conventional system; (3) control of transfer trips - the best issues for analyzing this function are (a) the extent of information pertinent to one subsystem, and (b) the extent of dependence of one subsystem on another. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Chlorates KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Decision making KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Dispatching KW - Drivers KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Implementation KW - Installation KW - Level of service KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Service KW - Speech KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Vehicles KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34777 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126180 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davidson, John H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 103-104 AB - Electronic data processing (EDP) equipment used by the Yellow Cab Company of Los Angeles has demonstrated that the use of such equipment in dispatching demand-responsive vehicles is technically and economically feasible for an operation handling a minimum of 2,700 orders per day. The equipment receives and validates all types of incoming orders. Orders are automatically routed to the appropriate sender, and the first, second, and third alternate stand calls are displayed along with the address. The system automatically displays advance calls before the required service time. Call backs, repeat calls, cancellations, special and emergency calls are all handled appropriately. Several business-oriented reports monitor the total communications operation and the individual performance of the operators. The computer hardware consists of 2 Data General Nova series minicomputers of 32K each, 2 dual disk driver units, 1 line printer, 1 teletype, 14 Hazeltime CRTs, and appropriate switching gear to enable the system to be fully backed up in case of computer hardware failure. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Computers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Development KW - Dispatching KW - Equipment KW - Hardware KW - Information processing KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34794 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126193 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McManus, Robert H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POLITICAL AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 165-169 AB - The UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration Program is described, the purpose of which is to bring about the imaginative use of traffic management and marketing techniques, pricing, service variations, and technology to attain clearly defined objectives. The objectives selected for program planning purposes are listed: reduce travel time for transit uses; increase coverage of transit service; improve reliability of service; improve transit vehicle system productivity; improve service for the elderly and handicapped; increase convenience of using transit; and reduce congestion. The question was also addressed: should it actively induce change and diffuse innovation or build a knowledge base and be more passive with respect to a change-agent role? To implement the change-agent role, a category of demonstrations termed "exemplary demonstrations" are being established. An experimental demonstration category which will help expand the knowledge base will use a part of the resource for analytical studies (e.g. attitudinal surveys may be conducted). UMTA will put together the project designs and assume responsibility and the full cost for evaluations for both types (exemplary and experimental) of demonstrations. The above described resource employed in conjunction with other UMTA programs will make possible the following: the identification of vanguard practices for emulation and diffusion of best practices through a change-agent role by collaterally using planning assistance program as a resource to help a much larger number of cities evaluate promising new ideas; development of services standards and determinations of costs to meet them; possible simulation of service levels of advanced technologies by using available systems, or, failing that, establishing service levels approximating those of advanced technologies to judge the merits of incurring the incremental costs to achieve the higher service levels. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Change KW - Computer programming KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Methodology KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Politics KW - Prices KW - Programming KW - Public policy KW - Service KW - Standards KW - Technology KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34809 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126174 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heathington, Kenneth W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 84-86 AB - The benefits that could result to the taxi operator and the municipal government from the integration of privately owned and publicly owned transportation systems is discussed, and plea is made for a change in the manner in which financial support is provided to various public transportation services. A comparison of the shared-ride taxi operation with several demand-responsive transportation (DRT) systems reveals that the levels of service of the taxi operations are higher although productivity is low. The demand for service is also higher for the shared-ride systems. Taxi operations are, however, not generally subsidized. DRT services are costly because of low demand, capital intensiveness, high labor rates, restrictions on work rules, and few economic incentives. A publicly owned system that used federal money under a 13-C agreement cannot easily change its type of operation. It has been suggested that efficient services at low operating costs can be provided better by private enterprize. Private operations could receive financial assistance but difficulties in obtaining the assistance was so great that almost no private system did receive assistance. Recently, however, the 2 groups (private and public) have begun discussion on the potential that exists for cooperative venture of the 2 groups. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Circuits KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Electric circuits KW - Fund allocations KW - Installation KW - Level of service KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Nationalization KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Sharing KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34787 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126178 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirby, Ronald F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 5 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 92-98 AB - This paper pursues the proposition that a demonstration program is needed to evaluate the potential for taxicabs for providing various paratransit services, and specifies, in general terms, a program of empirical investigation and experimentation designed to test and evaluate promising service innovations for taxicabs. Regulations seldom deal adequately with the various shared-ride services (jitney, dial-a-ride-, hail-a-ride, subscription) that taxicabs can provide. Taxicab operations by the private sector have not been eligible for the UMTA Capital Grant Program. A promising subsidy mechanism is one in which the public body negotiates a contract with a transportation provider to offer certain specified services at reduced fares; public funds are paid to the operator to supplement fare revenues. A second subsidy mechanism is the use of tickets sold to target group travellers at reduced rates and redeemed at the full fare value by the transportation provider (variations of this mechanism are also suggested). Benefits and potential problems with these services (jitney, dial-a-ride, hail-a-ride, subscription) and subsidy mechanisms are discussed. Transforming innovations in taxi services from ideas to implementation involves 2 major steps: broadening the knowledge base, and the dissemination of information relating to these factors to planners etc. Analyses conducted on the lines outlined here could provide a basis for the development of planning guidelines and demonstrations. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Information dissemination KW - Innovation KW - Jitneys KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Sharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34791 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126184 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mouchahoir, George E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING AND PROMOTION OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 122-131 AB - The fare changes made in the Haddonfield, New Jersey demand-responsive transportation (DRT) system, their impact on public attitude, and their effect on ridership are briefly described. Basically, two fare structures and a free-fare day have been in operation since the inauguration of the demonstration. A substantial increase in daily ridership, and a 26 percent increase in vehicle supply occurred during the free-fare day. The average productivity increased by 50 percent and the quality of service, as measured by promised pickup time, decreased. The number of cancellations and no-show customers (another measure of service quality) during the free-fare day was 3 times higher than the normal. The effect of fare reduction from 60 to 30 cents per ride could not be isolated because of the parallel changes in the mode of operation (shuttle, zonal, computer scheduling) and, possibly, the energy crisis. However, the effect of fare reduction and improvement or additions to the service resulted in high elasticity of demand. This observation conforms with experiences of conventional transit systems, whose riders are more sensitive to service quality or travel time changes than to fare changes. The comparison of the DRT systems with conventional transit systems indicates that the riders of DRT respond to fare changes (at the 60-cent fare level) similarly to riders of conventional transit systems. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Productivity KW - Public opinion KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Transit vehicles KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34798 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126190 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. PANEL DISCUSSION PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 153-156 AB - In the panel discussion following the presentation of papers on the evaluation of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) systems, comments were invited on the evaluation process. Experience in Washington, D.C. leads one to the view that for the same fixed of dollars, it is possible to provide a much higher level of service by making adjustment in the mix of the service. In the evaluation of DRT as a mode in comparison to other modes, factors considered are the incremental costs of ridership productivity of one mode against another mode under the same circumstances. Taxicabs are identified as a form of DRT and the comment is made that in the industry, measurement is made on a vehicle-per-mile basis whereas most disucssions at the conference centered on a vehicle-per-hour measurements. The need is also indicated for a vehicle designed for the handicapped, elderly and children. The importance is emphasized of the study and discussion of DRT system failures as an aid to the better understanding of these systems. It is noted that the study of other transit modes is important as a means to determine under what conditions DRT is an effective strategy. DRT is seen as a means of transportation uniquely suited to the aged, the handicapped, and the young. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Adolescents KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Incremental costs KW - Level of service KW - Minors KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Ridership KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34805 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126153 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ziegler, E W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE OF THE ART OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 5-7 AB - Demand-responsive transportation (DRT) provides effective suburban services which should be an integral part of metropolitan transit systems and closely coordinated with fixed-route, line-haul services. Operating economics will be realized by such a comprehensive service. Integrating DRT service into a larger system provides management flexibility. Fixed-route drivers can be used on DRT vehicles in off-peak hours to reduce total system costs. DRT service has been effective in raising local funds for transit operations. Origin-destination data collected as a by-product of DRT operations, particularly computer based operations, can contribute to a better use of vehicles and drivers in both types of services. Such data, which is useful in transit planning, can replace information now collected in surveys. A diversity of DRT scheduling methods have been identified and studies are now in progress to determine the best combination of scheduling methods under a variety of operating circumstances. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Bus drivers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Drivers KW - Financing KW - Information processing KW - Line haul KW - Line haul transport KW - Operating costs KW - Origin and destination KW - Scheduling KW - State of the art studies KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126157 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gray, George AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR NEW AND INTEGRATED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 27-31 AB - The implementation of various demand-responsive transportation (DRT) services is discussed (with emphasis on funding at the state and federal levels), and the DRT activities of several state transportation departments are reviewed. It is emphasized that the need for a service must first be established and then state administration must be approached to obtain funds to meet that need. Work in California is progressing on those lines. Funds for operating and capital expenses are available through federal programs such as Title 3 of the Older Americans Act. Capital assistance from UMTA is available for services designed for the elderly/handicapped and programs may be established to fit the fund. The importance is noted of combining services (eg services for the handicapped, meals services and other social services). DRT can serve a variety of riders, but the market segments must be identified and then the service marketed to that segment. Institutional constraints should be identified and resolved before the DRT service is implemented. Information is presented that was provided by 4 states involved in DRT activities. In Oregon, three demonstration projects incorporating DRT services were established in a cooperative program to improve mobility for the disadvantaged; funds from federal programs were combined with local and state funds. Data on these systems are tabulated. A non-fixed-route subscription, DRT system for the elderly and handicapped is in operation in St. Petersburg, Florida. The DRT system being planned and implemented in Wisconsin will be the first system open to the general public (other DRT services in the state are provided for elderly and handicapped). The Dial-A-Ride Transportation program in Michigan as well as the DRT services in 9 cities are briefly outlined. In California, funds provided by a 1971 Transportation Act are being used or planned for use in the provision of DRT. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Cooperation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Federal aid KW - Fund allocations KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - State highway departments KW - Subscription bus service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34766 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126163 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Klug, Claude J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 5 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 42-43 AB - The demand-responsive transportation (DRT) service in La Mirada, California is briefly discussed, and certain unique qualities are noted. The system which was marketed not as just transit but an innovative service in a progressive city, was found to have been oversold prior to start of operations. The system anticipated carrying 50,000 passengers per year, but found that it carried 110,000 during the first year. The system has since been reevaluated and its philosophy is changed. The DRT system has been used as a patrol system and operator reports are a worthwhile service to the community. Public Services such as charter service, free rides to the swimming pool and contacts with shopping center are also offered. A radio communication system and a sophisticated FM paging system are other features of the DRT Service. This DRT Service has contributed considerably to the community image. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Buses KW - Charter operations KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Implementation KW - Innovation KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Patrol KW - Public service vehicles KW - Ridership KW - Shopping centers KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34773 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126186 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Frank, Warren H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING AND PROMOTION OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 132-136 AB - The successful marketing program of the CNY Centro which registered substantial increases in ridership and revenues is described. Marketing functions have included the following: researching group transportation needs (which uncovered a great deal of latent demand) and elderly and handicapped transportation needs; the establishment of reasonable pricing policies; modification of bus design and equipment of minibuses for the elderly and handicapped (equipped with a wheelchair); monthly call-a-bus newsletter and literature; programing activities (guidelines are issued by a policy making advisory committee) which include the elderly and disabled, and involving social agencies; and instituting special promotions and services involving reduced rates. Projects which have improved the image of the total system and have become responsive and responsible to the social services and commercial enterprises in the region are listed and discussed. These include the a super shopper's special, a farmers market bus, a cooperative arrangement with a restaurant corporation, a park-and-ride venture operating 5 parking lots, a subscription service, major technical improvements in equipment and service, winning of a maintenance efficiency award, a driver patroling service, and newspaper sales on buses. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fares KW - Latent demand KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Newspapers KW - Park and ride KW - Patrol KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Prices KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34801 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126187 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gates, Howard W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING AND PROMOTION OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 136-141 AB - The acceptance and use of a personal transit (PERT) Dial-a-bus service was achieved by a marketing and promotional campaign which attempted not only to sell a service but also to persuade these who would use it to change their habits and life-styles. The various types of service (by the PERT system) each of which required specific marketing techniques are: home-to-work service, home-to-school service, feed-bus service and dial-a-bus service. The two basic approaches employed were the rifle approach (most succesful) directed exclusively toward service area residents, and the 'shotgun' approach which used advertisements in the mass media. The initial plan called for 3 phases encompassing a period of 5 months. Phase I centered on direct contact with the various publics involved. In Phase II, the major preservice promotion, direct mail took a major part of the budget. A series of newspaper advertisements were placed, and a "Lunch by Bus" invitation was issued to news media representatives and public officials. During phase III, newspaper ads were continued, contact was established with school officials and PTA groups, incentive programs were worked out with half-fare coupons. Special citizen programs were implemented, and industrial and school charter work has been explored. A strong foundation of support from the various maintained on a constant basis. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Media KW - Newspapers KW - Paratransit services KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transit KW - Public opinion KW - Service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34802 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126159 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shilling, David R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 33-39 AB - The major steps in the process of starting a demand- responsive transportation (DRT) system are highlighted and the problems and potentials of such a system are reviewed. The initial step in DRT planning is the identification of the needs of the area for which it is considered, followed by planning to accommodate those needs. Demographic and geographic characteristics, peak demand, and seasonal variations are some of the factors to be considered. An overall evaluation of land use is also essential. Determination of the financial plan will be the second step. Modifications to fit available funding, and the need for subsidies must be considered. The marketing and advertising of the service is important and money invested in this area will be returned with dividends. Employees can either make or break a DRT operation and care must be expended in the selection and training of personnel. The importance is emphasized of equipment selection and maintenance planning. Vehicle selection must be based on the requirements of the service and the ability of the operator to purchase and to maintain the equipment. In high-demand areas, digital communication may be necessary to minimize air time. Sound accounting and reporting procedures must be developed to prevent losses and to monitor system efficiency. Computer control must be avoided unless it is needed. If a computer is needed, evolution of the system from a manual system is advised. Fast expansion must be avoided. Initial sources of a small system may lead to over extension of the service. Needs must be identified, opportunities for service must be inventoried, potential markets surveyed, funding capabilities evaluated, and financial sources found before actual expansion. Operators may be contracted to operate the system. Professional help may be needed to achieve the DRT planning, implementation and operation objectives. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Accounting KW - Communication systems KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Equipment KW - Financing KW - Geography KW - Implementation KW - Land use KW - Maintenance KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Personnel KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Seasonal variations KW - Seasons KW - Subsidies KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34769 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126160 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Helsing, Roy G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 39-41 AB - The essential features of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) are reviewed. The first step in implementing a DRT system is to establish goals and objectives. Goals should be specific and objectives should be set to measure goal achievement. Program management is extremely important, and the program manager should be at a high level in the organization, able to make decisions and able to report directly to the transit agency, community, city council or the mayor. Planning design must be considered a part of system design which also includes determination of hours of service, fare collection methods, type of control system, location of the control center, and areas of high ridership potential. Point-to-point travel times must be determined. Topographic features (hilliness) and accessibility will determine the level of service (design of the system and number of vehicles). Funding sources should be explored before a DRT service is started. Capital costs of most DRT systems are covered by matching grants. Local business managers, taxi operators and private transit operators should be included in discussions of DRT from the outset. Public support must be maintained during the laps between the time the decision is made and the time the DRT system begins service. During the implementation phase, marketing and sales promotion are important. Also during this phase, phase control procedures must be carried out and control personnel selected and trained. Spatial perception tests are useful in the selection of employees. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Capitalized costs KW - Control systems KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Design KW - Fare collection KW - Fund allocations KW - Implementation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Personnel KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Ridership KW - Strategic planning KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34770 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126182 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Murphy, Roy E AU - Paisley, Phillip L AU - Siersema, John N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 109-112 AB - Defects in current demand-responsive transportation (DRT) technology are examined, and a way in which these defects may be corrected are described. DRT has paid little attention to the economic efficiency of vehicle use, and current technology is unable to provide practical DRT services to a large geographic area where, for example, door-to-door service could be as long as 2 hours. Another weakness is the poor accuracy of current scheduling methods. Technology based on low-cost, highly reliable minicomputers have been developed to assist with scheduling. Adaptive control methodology has also been developed which is based on a management information system (MIS). MIS is an automatic feedback by-product of a computer-assisted scheduling and dispatching system. MIS records operational transit statistics. The MIS also identifies when and where trips begin and end by each zone or reference point in the service area. A second level of control technology that has been programmed is the automated adaptive control process which can precive a problem and reset the controls. This system is useful when heavy demand makes reliance on 15-minute pickup times infeasible. A truly integrated DRT and express bus system in which multiple demand-responsive trips are coordinated with the express bus schedules, requires substantial computerization of the entire bus operation. Computerization of a DRT system is not as previously thought. Typical cost figures generated from the paratransit model and simulation service in Santa Clara County are tabulated. The advent of microprocessor electronics makes the outlook for adaptive DRT computer- controlled systems look better than the current economics indicate. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Adaptation (Psychology) KW - Bus transportation KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Development KW - Dispatching KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economics KW - Information processing KW - Installation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Scheduling KW - Technology KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34796 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126155 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - O'Leary, Katherine AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR NEW AND INTEGRATED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 14-20 AB - North American data are presented that indicate a small but rapidly growing market for demand-responsive transportation (DRT). Systems are proliferating at the rate of 2 to 3 per month and indications are that it will continue. It is shown that except for taxi operations, fleets usually have fewer than 10 vehicles and fares are typically 50 cents or lower. The size of area served by DRT is usually smaller than 13 sq. miles. The DRT services implemented to data differ from each other in 3 ways: technical design of the system; markets served by the service; and funding sources for the service. Tailoring the service offered to the market served is the most important consideration in implementing successful DRT services. The commuter market is a major market; DRT services have sometimes been substituted for unprofitable fixed routes, and sometimes serve as feeders to rail rapid systems. It is noted that commuting patterns have been changing during the past decade. Groups with special mobility needs (elderly, handicapped, and the economically disadvantaged) is a second market. Patrons needing local transportation within a particular area are a third market. A recent survey revealed that of 22 reporting systems, all but 3 required subsidy. Of more than 49 operating services, more than half were funded from a single source. Among the range of options for funding DRT services are: local taxes; fares; receipts from package delivery and sale of marketing space; federal subsidies (in Canada); and UMTA grants. In an effort to disseminate basic information to planners and operators, DOT has devised a method to synthesize the substantial array of available literature on DRT services into a state-of-the-art document and to validate the document (prior to its dissemination) at a workshop where experts and local transit operators and planners would comment on the accuracy and relevancy of the material. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Commuting KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Feeder services KW - Fund allocations KW - Information dissemination KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Marketing KW - Package and mail service KW - Parcels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Service KW - State of the art studies KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34764 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126161 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zobrak, Marcel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - p 41 AB - Various ways of obtaining federal money for use in implementing a demand-responsive transportation (DRT) system are briefly reviewed. Eligible communities may obtain 80 percent of the funds for all capital equipment and facilities from the capital grants program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). Funds for capital equipment may also be obtained from the Highway Trust Fund from monies allocated for the Interstate Highway System - if the community decides it no longer wants the Interstate Highway. Communities may borrow capital funds from the Mass Transit Assistance Act (1974) for use as operating funds. Applications to the UMTA involve submission of a preapplication briefly describing the program and the money needed. If this is successful, a more detailed application is made. UMTA must also be given a 5-year financial plan that includes a 5-year capital improvement program. An environmental impact statement must also accompany the grant application. Before submission of the application, however, a public hearing must be held 30 days after posting a notice of the hearing. A copy of the preapplication is sent to the U.S. Department of Labor, since the UMTA cannot grant money to a community in which those funds would adversely affect labor. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Administration KW - Capitalized costs KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Equipment KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Implementation KW - Operations KW - Public hearings KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34771 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126158 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ball, Loren A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR NEW AND INTEGRATED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - p. 32 AB - The initial success and some problems faced by a demand- responsive transportation (DRT) service in Oakland, California, are briefly described. The passenger response has been 3 times that of other DRT operations of comparable size. Telephone tie-up was experienced when control room operators were instructed to call-back and verify calls for service. The DRT vehicle consisted of a conventional bus from which a 6 ft. section was cut out and then rejoined; this vehicle could then negotiate turns at some difficult intersections (minibuses were found unsatisfactory). The vehicle interiors were tastefully remodeled. Drivers were given an intensive 2-week training session and control room operators who ride with drivers derive the benefit of personal contact. DRT fares are 25 cents and no transfers are issued or accepted. The marketing of DRT services received assistance from the Model Cities Program and from the city of Richmond. The cost of operating the DRT system remains a problem and the question is asked whether the public is willing to pay the price through taxes, fares, or federal/state subsidies. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Buses KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Driver training KW - Fares KW - Operating costs KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation planning KW - Turning path KW - Turning radius KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34768 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126173 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davidson, John H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 5 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 79-81 AB - Comments are made (based on discussions and surveys made in the parcel, light air cargo, and passenger demand-responsive transportation systems) on the need for, and the design and use of a diversified-use vehicle (DUV). The DUV is a vehicle that can be used for the ground transportation of one or more of the following: able-bodied passengers, handicapped persons, local parcel delivery, and light air-cargo parcels. The desirable vehicle design was identified as a van type vehicle that had the driver in front, a luggage and cargo carriage in the rear compartment over a rear-mounted power plant and transmission. To these must be added the safety dicates of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The vehicle will incorporate the following basic points; unitized construction; 116-in. wheel base; front-wheel power steering; free-float suspension on all 4 wheels of a 4-wheeled vehicle; conventional oil over air suspension; 4-doors; power disc brakes for all 4 wheels and 12-in. rotors; 15-in. steel wheels and medium profile tires; 6-cylinder gasoline engine coupled to a 3-speed automatic transmission; bolt-on panels where possible and none if unitized construction; capacity for a maximum of driver and 6 forward-facing passengers; capacity for at least 500 lb of cargo in addition to passengers; and rear-mounted power plant and transmission. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Bi-modal transit vehicle KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Engines KW - Equipment KW - Freight transportation KW - Maintenance KW - Package and mail service KW - Parcels KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Suspension (Stability) KW - Suspension systems KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34786 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126185 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reading, James E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING AND PROMOTION OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 131-132 AB - Marketing demand-responsive transportation (DRT) is discussed largely on the basis of experiences in Rochester, New York (implemented in 1973) and a new service in Denver. Marketing is viewed as the dynamics of making a beneficial service available to the communities served for value received. In Rochester, a flexible fare policy was developed to offset the rather high fares (the system was entirely locally financed). Discounted weekly passes, home-to-work, home-to-school, feed-a-bus, and dial-a-bus rates were established. Groups of 2 or more can ride for reduced rates provided everyone in the group have a common origin and destination. Other promotional fares included Rider Appreciation Week, when home-to-work passes were reduced. Another fare promotion called "Lets Split" was designed to introduce DRT to residents of a new service area by splitting the $1 fare with them. A flexible fare policy is planned in the Denver Regional Transportation District's DRT service planned for the elderly and handicapped. The newly designed buses (of this door-to-door service) have lower floors, wheelchair lifts and tie downs, and an extending entrance step. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Door to door service KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Service KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34800 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126188 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, Nigel H M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 142-146 AB - This discussion of the important elements in the evaluation of a demand-responsive transportation (DRT) system, focuses on the groups of individuals who are potentially affected by implementation of a service, and the type and degree of impact. The broad categories of affected groups are identified as users of DRT services; non-users of DRT; operators of DRT; operators of other transportation services, and managers of other business and activity centers in the area. It is recognized that evaluation is and must remain primarily a local issue. Decisions on whether to provide DRT service, who is to operate the service, the quality of service, and the financing of the operation will all be resolved at the local level. Users benefit either from the new service allowing them to take advantage of urban activities previously unavailable (induced demand) or from the new service being preferred to the one previously used. Nonusers are affected in a number of ways through externalties (air pollution, congestion, etc.) associated with the system. A basic decision is whether the operator of the service should be public or private transit based or taxi based. There may be significant negative impacts on other transportation services which must be recognized. The impact of DRT on other businesses and activities will be such that positive benefits will accrue to the activities previously poorly served by transportation and decreasing benefits associated with previously well-served activities. Research and operation experience indicate that more productive operations can be provided at higher demand densities; to achieve the higher demand density, however, requires subsidy. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Businesses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic conditions KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Local government KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34803 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126151 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roos, Daniel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS & SERVICES. INTRODUCTION PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 1-2 AB - Significant, unresolved issues which will impact the future of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) are the focus of this International Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation Systems. The integration of demand- responsive and fixed route services is of utmost importance in large metropolitan areas. Some area-wide approaches are being implemented in Ann Arbor, Rochester, Orange County, Toronto and other areas. The question of whether door-to- door service for the elderly and handicapped should be combined with the more general service was addressed, and the role of computers in automated dispatching systems was discussed. The conference also addressed the role of taxicab companies in DRT operations as well as the more general issues of taxicabs companies. The Committee on (Urban Transport Service Innovations) paratransit, which organized this conference, recognizes that DRT involves many different groups (transit, taxi, labor, government) who must cooperate with each other and coordinate their work. The Committee recognizes that several unresolved issues such as ride-sharing, vehicle design and institutional problems are common to the different paratransit concepts. It is also recognized that a successful urban transportation system should consist of integrated paratransit and transit services rather than independent uncoordinated services. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Automation KW - Computers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Installation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Sharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126152 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Aex, Robert P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE OF THE ART OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 3-5 AB - The techniques used to provide the services of demand- responsive transportation (DRT) are examined and illustrated with reference to the small system in Batavia, N.Y. and the larger system in Rochester, N.Y. The vehicles used for DRT have evolved from 10-passenger vehicles to 20- and 25- passenger vehicles (some powered by diesel fuel). A battery-powered Electrobus is the most recent innovation. Key-punched information from telephone operators is used with digital communication equipment to relay instructions to drivers. A radio voice message system serves as a backup. Permanent records from digital communication equipment can be based in analysis and reporting. Many to-on service, services provided for senior citizen housing units, and subscription service are now offered by DRT. The slowly developing small package delivery has been found to be profitable for DRT and compatible with passenger service. Small systems such as Batavia dispatch manually, but systems such as Rochester will include computer dispatching and the interface of the computer with digital equipment. The Rochester System will be integrated with the existing fixed-route system. Operating costs in the Rochester system has decreased from $5.00 per passenger in August 1973 (first month of operation) to $2.54 per passenger in August 1974. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Communication systems KW - Computers KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Installation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Package and mail service KW - Parcels KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Transit vehicles KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126165 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fielding, George J AU - Grant, Susan B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 48-55 AB - The significant aspects of a short range plan in Orange County, California are reviewed, the preliminary system design is outlined, and the implementation is detailed of a demand-responsive transportation (DRT) in Orange County, California. Initially, 27 feasible DRT service areas were defined (the criteria are listed), followed by screening the 27 manually controlled areas to determine those most in need of additional service. In the third stage, five criteria were used to rank the candidate areas according to the need for and effectiveness of public transportation. The system design involved establishment of a DRT fare by 50 cents, establishment of service hours the integration of DRT with existing fixed-route services, and the encouragement of commuter services between and within service areas. The preliminary implementation schedule consists of 3 phases; expansion in selected areas, automation, and countrywide expansion. The process, however, requires several projects from designing equipment specifications to locating sites for the storage of vehicles and fuel. Specifications were drawn up covering vehicles, communications equipment, fare boxes, tow trucks, service trucks etc. The system will initially use 2 mountain-top UHF base stations, 1 centrally located UHF base station, 3 microwave terminals and 1 microwave repeater. Each city involved in the expansion program has been asked to contribute 1/3 of the operating deficit of the system operating in the city. Four or more operators will operate the 8 service areas. A common computerized area will be used to avoid duplication of control room space and personnel. A personnel training program is planned which will consist of an aptitude and general intelligence test. An evaluation program is planned which will consist of a monthly overview of each operation and detailed analysis of a day's operation. A management review will take place monthly. A promotional campaign (which avoids overselling) is planned. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - City government KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Implementation KW - Installation KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Performance based specifications KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Specifications KW - Systems engineering KW - Training KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34776 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126167 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Garner, D P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 61-65 AB - As a result of deputations and requests for transportation from several handicapped groups, surveys were conducted in 6 Ontario cities. Interviews and mail surveys were carried out (to determine the economic and travel characteristics of the handicapped) and basic transportation options were identified. Work at the provincial level and the independent work of 2 large operators point to the conclusion that initially, the most effective way of providing transportation for the severely phsically handicapped in urban areas is to provide a specially equipped demand-responsive transportation service. As the demand for this type of service grows, partial integration of services may be required. The three basic transportation improvement options identified in the studies were: improve existing services, pay direct subsidy to handicapped individuals; and provide new special services for the handicapped. The Toronto Transit Commission has initiated a pilot project for the physically handicapped in which door-to-door transportation is provided for 50 people on their work trips. The project is estimated to require an operating subsidy of $14,000 per year at a regular 25-cent fare. In Ottawa a handicapped persons' transportation service will be contracted out to a private operator and will provide service for work and medical trips. The daily demand is estimated at between 300 and 400 trips and the anticipated cost is expected to be $400,000 a year. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economics KW - Improvements KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Subsidies KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34778 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126179 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hirsch, Stanley AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXIS AND OTHER PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. SPEAKER 6 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 98-99 AB - This paper expresses the opinion that the nations need for demand-responsive transportation (DRT) could be met by independent taxi-paying businesses, and deplores the current tendency toward socialization of transportation. For more than 25 years Long Island's taxicab industry has, in fact, been a DRT system. It has paid its way while fares have been maintained low. It has accomplished this within the confirms of the existing socioeconomic system and without any direct subsidy through transit bills, tax relief, or price support for inequitable fuel costs. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fares KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126181 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, Nigel H M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 104-109 AB - Two research efforts devoted to the potential use of computers in the control of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) systems are reported: a computer simulation model to test alternative computer control algorithms and to predict system performance; and a set of control procedures in which (a) the immediate assignment of each request was made to the current 'tour' of the best vehicle, (b) the assignment was based on feasibility conditions, under which each user receives service within specified bounds, and (c) the determination of the best assignment was based on the minimization of total service times for current and future passengers. These control procedures were tested by a simulation model and were found to perform well in intuitive grounds and relative to other proposed algorithms. However, since no optimal solution algorithm has been developed, absolute statements about performance were not possible. A demonstration project of the concept was mounted in Haddonfield, New Jersey, to obtain a market test of the service concept and to obtain data on the potential of computer dispatching. The assumptions and simplifications of the real-world system required in the design of the simulation model are discussed, and the findings on modeling assumptions are described. Areas in which improved performance might be achieved are: inflexibility of hand constraints, objective function as a true reflection of utility, handling of advanced and periodic requests, constraint of vehicle position at future time, restriction of certain vehicles to given zones, preassignment capability, scheduling at start and end of driver and vehicle shift, and gearing of algorithm to underused system. The study shows that the simulation model can accurately predict system performance providing that vehicle in-service times are used. The lower demand densities at Haddonfield suggest that the economies of scale possible with these systems cannot yet be realized - and that productivities of 5 to 8 passenger trips per vehicle hour are more realistic than previously cited ranges of 9 to 13. Current research suggests that it is both feasible and desirable for the computer algorithms to achieve better service and to allow the operation of large integrated DRT and conventional transit systems. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Algorithms KW - Caterpillars KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Development KW - Dispatching KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Insects KW - Installation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Simulation KW - Transit vehicles KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34795 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126192 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POLITICAL AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 162-165 AB - The paper focuses on UMTA's view relating to the potential of paratransit or demand-responsive transportation (DRT), and discusses some of the policy implications. The future of community paratransit service, characterized by the flexible routing and scheduling of small vehicles to provide shared-occupancy, door-to-door, personalized transportation service within smaller communities and suburban neighborhoods is vertually assured. However, the biggest scope for the future expansion of paratransit lies in its becoming an element of integrated metropolitan transportation systems. An effective urban transportation system, one that will provide a high level of service at the least cost, requires a mix of vehicles, service levels, and operating regimens, tailored to the different demand conditions, widening densities, and travel patterns prevailing in particular corridors and subareas of the metropolitan region. UMTA will encourage applicants to be more mindful of the immediate and near-term transportation needs of metropolitan areas. UMTA will also want to know to what extent long-range transportation plans can be implemented in a more time-phased, incremental fashion. Examples of potential new paratransit applications are listed, and quoted as examples of the ways in which paratransit could complement (not compete with) existing transportation services. UMTA would like to know whether prearranged feeder service to line-haul commuter buses and trains could be provided by private operators at a cost that commuters could afford. It is emphasized that single-mode transportation systems, be it paratransit, rail, or freeway systems, cannot offer a solution to all transportation problems. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Commuting KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Feeder services KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Politics KW - Private enterprise KW - Public policy KW - Ridership KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34808 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126154 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Boynton, Charles AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE OF THE ART OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 3 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 7-13 AB - The clarification of the overall role of the taxi industry in the urban transportation system is identified as the major issue facing the industry today. Taxis are a major element in the urban transportation system; they serve more than 3,400 communities. Taxicabs carry more than 27 percent of the urban public transportation market. The taxi is considered the most flexible and efficient for demand-responsive service and shared use of the taxi in coordination with buses is the best short-range solution to urban transportation problems. It could also be the best long-range solution provided it continues to offer flexibility at favorable overall cost. The need for a flexible public passenger transportation system and the coincidental responsibility of making capital grants and fare subsidies is recognized. The need is indicated for subsidies and for monies to fulfill the need for equipment replacement, research and design of vehicles, and automatic identification-dispatch syst;ems that would increase productivity 20 to 30 percent. The whole area of taxi regulation needs to be examined by the industry and government. There is a need for subsidized rides. A change of legal status is also necessary if the industry is to receive help on a continuing basis from local or federal sources. It is proposed that the taxicab industry and UMTA open discussion on eligibility for grants and the subsidization of particular groups of riders. The discussions should initially center on 4 areas: finance; service standards; entry into the industry and exit of the market; and equitable and consistent rate-making policies. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Automation KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Equipment replacement KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Rates KW - Service KW - State of the art studies KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34763 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126156 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, R J AU - Simpson, Anthony U AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR NEW AND INTEGRATED DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 20-27 AB - Key elements of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) planning are discussed and common pitfalls are identified. Three fundamental items are necessary for the achievement of comprehensive DRT planning: (1) work statements which define the scope of each task to accomplish program objectives; (2) schedules of tasks laid out chronologically in logical sequence of events presented in the form of a bar chart or as a task interrelationship network; (3) budgets containing costs (or applications of funds) to accomplish the tasks - the status of each task is indicated by the relation of funds or person-hours expended to data versus those budgeted. For effective implementation control certain other key elements must be incorporated such as the arrangement of plans to fall into natural phases. Also, resources that must be considered include personnel, sources of funding, facilities and equipment, management, and intangibles such as political support. Contingency plans should be prepared for each element of the plan, and the program should be controlled on the basis of work accomplished, costs incurred, and schedule. Estimates of ridership are important in planning and a sector model has recently been developed. Recently developed supply models are outlined, and economic planning, the required level of technology, and operator selection and personel are briefly reviewed. Contingency planning must cover aspects such as legal issues arising from competition with other forms of transportation, modifications that must be made to standard equipment, the startup overload, radio license, critical paths in DR schedules (vehicles and radios), and the choosing of the mix of services (many-to-many, may-to-one, subscription, parcel delivery etc.). U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Budgeting KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Fund allocations KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Sectors KW - Service KW - Technology KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34765 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126162 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gray, George AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - p 42 AB - The transportation agencies of the states of Michigan, Oregon, Wisconsin and Florida are the most involved in demand-responsive transportation (DRT) and active in aiding local communities or transit district with planning, guidance and funding. New Jersey has funded the Haddonfield project, and California has made available funds (from sales tax on gasoline) through the Transportation Development Act (1971) as local option money. The California Division of Mass Transportation provides technical service and identifies the potential for new services after the local decision-making body has established evidence of interest in a public transportation program. California also provides assistance in marketing, information systems, equipment specifications and special services in areas where DRT already exists. The Santa Clara County DRT project which has 325 Program funding (Transportation Development Act of 1971) is noteworthy. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fuels KW - Fund allocations KW - Implementation KW - Operations KW - State highway departments KW - Taxation KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34772 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126164 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davidson, John H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. SPEAKER 6 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 43-44 AB - Comments are made which are based on personal experience and the experience of personnel in the supervision of demand-responsive services. Communication is effected via telephone (by the patron) and radio (between vehicles and the communication center, and possible between vehicles). The telephone equipment must be simple at the start. Sophisticated Automatic Call Distribution System may be used with expansion. Call counters on the lines to indicate incoming flow was found to be useful, as was also the linear recording device to show when the call was answered. A tape system to record all incoming calls and all radio conversations helps eliminate problems between dispatcher and driver, and provides a tool for analyzing and responding to complaints. Radio equipment must also be simple. If DRT is operated by a municipality or transit district, cooperation from the FCC is better if the radio frequency used is from the public safety or transit bus frequency blocks. If a private operator is to operate the system, the use of assigned taxicab frequencies will expediate the initiation of the service. Publicity prior to inaugration of a service is important. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Advertising KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Implementation KW - Operations KW - Radio KW - Recording KW - Recording systems KW - Telephone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34774 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126183 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mouchahoir, George E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 4 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 113-121 AB - Evaluatory study of the Haddonfield, New Jersey demand- responsive transportation (DRT) demonstration is briefly summarized. The study was designed to determine public attitudes toward the DRT concept, measure public use of the system, forecast demand for DRT, determine the economic feasibility of a DRT system, test and evaluate the technical feasibility of such a system, and to measure and evaluate the impact of DRT on the community. A series of surveys prior to and during the demonstration also provided information on trip-making behavior of residents under different operating conditions. A comparison of users perceptions of the influence of DRT characteristics and of their former modes of transportation indicated that automobile users were not strongly influenced to use the DRT system. Surveys also indicated the reason why DRT was not used. The monthly ridership trends of the system have been changing as a result of changes in operating characteristics and seasonal effects. Three area expansions resulted in different effects on ridership. The introduction of a shuttle service and the reduction of fare from 55 to 25 cents also affected ridership. A comparison of the Haddonfield system with other DRT systems in the U.S. and Canada reflected favorably on the local system. The evaluation of the economic feasibility of the DRT concept as demonstrated in Haddonfield included analyses of costs, revenues and financing, and the results include the effects of experimentation and local conditions. The technical feasibility of the DRT concept has been evaluated in terms of the effects of the operating parameters on the quality of the service and vehicle productivity. The study reveals that the DRT concept was well received by residents, and that it was not used more often for work trips because it did not reach the desired destination. Area expansion caused increased ridership but quality of service decreased. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Operations KW - Public opinion KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Shuttle service KW - Transportation KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34797 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126189 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ward, Jerry D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPEAKER 2 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - pp 146-153 AB - Development trends in cities and their implication for urban transportation systems are briefly reviewed. The CBD-focused, fixed-route transit systems are mismatched to the evolving needs of increasingly low-density and multinucleated cities. Regionwide door-to-door systems such as those in Orange and Santa Clara counties, in Rochester and in Ann Arbor, overcome this mixmatch. Conjectures as to how these regionwide systems might evolve are presented, and some criteria for their success are listed (double current transit ridership; achieve full decongested traffic flow without car disincentives; achieve mostly decongested flow with some car disincentives; increase current transit ridership 10 times; and provide 99 percent availability in time and space) are discussed. A figure is presented which compares a flexible-route system with a fixed-route system offering the same level of service, defined as the ratio of walk, wait, and trip time to the best no-wait direct route. Figures also show that the higher the service level, the greater the proportion of flexible-route elements in a total system. The two-phase evolution of the system over time is described; the first phase is that in which coverage of the low-density suburbs is being added, and the second is that after complete coverage is achieved. Experience suggests that these new systems cannot pay for themselves while at the same time attracting a higher level of use. Apart from the problem of overall subsidy, there should be an internal-to-the- system cross subsidy between high- and low-productivity elements. Private taxi operators lead to the issue of private capital and public subsidy. These systems are seen to lend themselves ideally to incremental planning and implementation. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Criteria KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34804 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00126191 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ingalls, Walter M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POLITICAL AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES RELATED TO DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION. SPEAKER 1 PY - 1975 IS - 154 SP - p. 160-161 AB - The role played by the state in cooperating with local and federal agencies in sharing the risks that fall to innovators of DRT will be debated by the legislature, which will seek to develop a means of bridging the needs of local jurisdictions and the strengths of the federal government with state resources and thereby share in the risks that innovations in service and technology will entail. Demand-responsive transportation (DRT) is seen as an attempt to solve some of the problems of congestion and pollution, and the immobility of the poor and the elderly. It must, however, be realistc and efficient in implementation. It must be realized that most DRT systems have not generated demands greater than 10 requests/square/mile/hour; ridership surveys show that the majority of rides have not replaced autombile trips. Concern for efficiency is an important factor; the California legislature opposed DRT because of its labor-intensive nature and the resulting costs. Several communities in California are developing contracts with the private sector to transport the immobile. In Los Angeles, positive steps are being taken with respect to the private sector; the supply of taxicabs has been increased in its franchise areas and jitney services are being experimented. In Santa Clara county, an experimental countywide DRT and arterial bus system is being inaugurated. U1 - Fifth Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation SystemsTransportation Research BoardCalifornia Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transit AssociationAlameda-Contra Costa Transit DistrictMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationTechnology Sharing ProgramOakland,California,United States StartDate:19741111 EndDate:19741113 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, California Department of Transportation, American Public Transit Association, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Technology Sharing Program KW - Aged KW - Air pollution KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Federal government KW - Jitneys KW - Local government KW - Low income groups KW - Personnel KW - Politics KW - Private enterprise KW - Public policy KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Standard error KW - State government KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34806 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00159904 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Taylor, Stewart F AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 1-2 AB - The papers published here were presented at the National Conference which was designed to put forward the basic characteristics of light rail transit, and the techniques of applying it to improve transportation and the quality of urban life. The first session established the rationale for considering light rail transit from among several modes, and worldwide developments in light rail transit were described. The second session (on system concept) described specific characteristics that give light rail transit a place in the public transportation spectrum. How such transit coordinates with other modes was an important aspect of this session. Physical and operating characteristics were discussed in the third session; both fixed facilities and vehicle received extensive coverage. Economics (cost and revenue potential) were examined, and the beginnings of a method for selecting an optimum urban transport system that uses various modes were formulated in the fourth session. The final session, which considered the potential of light rail transit in the institutional context of contemporary American society, indicated that tangible effort must be made in the U.S. to emulate the developments in Canada and Europe if the true potential of this mode is to be realized. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Economics KW - Guideways KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/54194 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00159903 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patricelli, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - FOREWARD TO LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - 2 p. AB - The papers presented in this report cover a wide range of subjects related to light rail transit including a description of system concepts, such as performance characteristics of such transit; comparison with other modes; and applications. The technology and operational aspects of light rail transit are treated in a set of papers that address permanent way requirements, electrification and control systems, and U.S. and foreign vehicle developments. Of major significance are the economic considerations of light rail transit. A number of papers also discuss the various costs of construction, operation, and maintenance as well as social costs and benefits. The observation is made that the current trend to move away from a unimodal solution to a system that blends a number of discrete transit elements, each of which is closely tailored to demands and local conditions, should make light rail transit desirable for cities that require a fixed guideway system. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Control systems KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Guideways KW - Light rail transit KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Railroad electrification KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/54193 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00131927 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Silien, Joseph S AU - Mora, Jeffrey G AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - NORTH AMERICAN LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 93-98 AB - This paper presents the evolution of North American light rail vehicles from the 1920s to the present. Emphasis is placed on conditions of the electric street railway industry in the 1920s, attempts of car standardization, and movement toward a radically new, high-performance car as background to the development of the Presidents' Conference Committee car of the 1930s. Events leading to the new standard light rail vehicle are presented along with its significant dimensional specifications and performance characteristics. The proposed Canadian light rail vehicle is described. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Development KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - PCC Car (Streetcar) KW - Performance KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Streetcars KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44927 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129816 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - von Rohr, Joachim AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - FOREIGN LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 99-110 AB - This paper begins with a brief description of how the light rail mode has been developed in several West European countries, expecially in the Federal Republic of Germany. The basic features of the light rail vehicle and how the vehicle was derived from the streetcar and the subway or heavy rapid transit car are explained. Finally, the various attempts at standardization of light rail vehicles in West Germany after World War II are discussed. Several modern light rail vehicles are described, and it is explained why standardization could only be partically achieved. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Development KW - Germany KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Standardization KW - Streetcars KW - Technology KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36533 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129813 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Landgraf, Robert J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL PERMANENT-WAY REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 77-85 AB - This paper sets forth the technical requirements for the permanent way needed in construction of light rail transit facilities and then develops sources for assembling rights-of-way. Described first are the physical capabilities of light rail transit for grade, curves, and clearances. Requirements for the guideway are established with the development of standards for track work suited to light rail transit. The latest techniques in track component design are evaluated. Pitfalls to be avoided in light rail facility design are pointed out. General requirements for stations are set forth with particular emphasis on space needs. Types of platforms, shelters, and security enclosures are described. Station needs for light rail transit are contrasted with the needs of full-scale rapid transit. Sources that can be considered for light rail rights-of-way are treated in a way intended to stimulate the imagination of the engineer and planner in locating potential routes. Dealt with are surplus railroad tracks, boulevard and freeway center strips, canal beds, stream channelization, electric transmission lines, parkways, street running, reservation of streets, and the selective application of elevated lines, bridges, and subways to light rail transit. Advantages and limitations of each type of right-of-way are explained. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Design KW - Elevated structures KW - Guideways KW - Light rail transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Track design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36531 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129818 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beetle, George R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 115-121 AB - Light rail transit has attractive service characteristics that can be secured in most cities for modest investments. The relatively low construction costs of light rail transit are due primarily to avoiding large civil works by relying instead on reserved rights-of-way at grade. Many options are available for alignments at grade, and costs for way reservation can vary widely. This paper describes the construction costs for modern light rail transit; it takes into consideration way reservation and the more predictable costs for stations, street crossings, track, cars, electrification, signals, communications, and other requirements. The costs presented are estimates, based on the experience of the author in recent evaluations of light rail transit for several U.S. cities. Few new light rail facilities have been built in the United States in recent years; therefore, little opportunity exists for relating estimates of this type to actual construction. Figures discussed here range from high to low where convenient, and single estimates presented are conservative representations of the largest values likely to be experienced in most cities. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Capital investments KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Estimating KW - Investments KW - Light rail transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr161/sr161-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36535 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129819 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - DeGraw, Ronald AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 122-125 AB - This paper explains the costs of operating light rail lines, and it explains how light rail can be more economical than other modes under certain conditions. Using 3 recent studies of proposed light rail lines as examples, the paper shows that new lines can be economically constructed and operated with a potential ridership of as little as 20,000 daily passengers. The self-service fare systems used on European light rail lines is explained, and an opinion is given recommending that such a system could be implemented on new light rail lines built in the United States. Relatively fixed maintenance costs, high passenger-to- operator ratios, and multiple-unit capabilities make traffic increases on light rail lines much more economical to accommodate than on bus lines. The paper details how light rail lines have high passenger carrying capabilities (as much as 20,000 passengers/h) yet need relatively low passenger loads (only 20,000 passengers/day) to economically justify implementation and still have sufficient revenue to cover all operating costs. Also discussed are the ease of implementation, the versatility of the mode, and passenger acceptance and preference. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Economics KW - Implementation KW - Light rail transit KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36537 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129805 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rogers, Lee H AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: 1975 USAGE AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 7-13 AB - A worldwide survey of light rail transit systems and specific details of many of these operations are included. General principles of the application of light rail technology are derived from some of these applications. The author notes that the design and subsystem components for the guideway, as well as the power distribution technology exist presently. The vehicle necessary to implement this technology is currently in design or is being manufactured in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Canada and the U.S. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Planning KW - Surveys KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36522 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129808 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Vigrass, J William AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - PHYSICAL, OPERATIONAL, AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIGHT RAIL MODE PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 19-25 AB - An overview of the light rail mode is presented. General characteristics and application of the mode are described, emphasizing the versatility of its guideway, the railway track. Physical characteristics of the right-of-way and ranges of dimensions for right-of-way and vehicles are discussed. Stations are discussed briefly. Basic technical simplicity of the light rail mode is pointed out as a significant virtue. Operating characteristics (both maximum running speeds and typical average operating speeds) are indicated. Acceleration of typical vehicles is noted. Frequency of service is discussed, and ranges for various traffic control systems are given. Riding quality and visual impact are pointed at as being favorable. Capacity of light rail lines is given as a few thousand to 12,000 passengers/h. In special cases, a high of 18,000 passengers/h can be achieved by using multiple-unit trains of 3 or more cars. Choices a designer has to attain maximum capacity are stated. Capital costs of contemporary new light rail systems are given as ranges of costs for various configurations. It is concluded that light rail transit is a medium-cost mode providing a medium level of capacity at medium speeds that can find application in many corridors or areas in medium and larger sized urban areas. It is pointed out that light rail is an existing mode with proved capabilities that needs little or no new research and development. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Capital investments KW - Costs KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Passenger service KW - Performance KW - Railroad stations KW - Riding qualities KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle capacity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36525 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129821 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thompson, Gordon J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 147-158 AB - This paper identifies the social aspects of light rail transit and categorizes them according to the viewpoints of the rider, those on the wayside, the community, and the contributor of capital funds. The physical characteristics and service qualities of light rail transit accumulate to benefits that are judged to outweight the social costs. Highlighted is the light rail transit attribute of serving a greater number of persons' travel needs through extensive distance covered for a given investment, frequent stations, easy access, and short door-to-door travel time. The ability of light rail transit to condense the amount of time between ground breaking and operation of service is stressed. This is credited to simpler construction enabled by need for narrower rights-of-way, use of sharper curves and steeper gradients, and tolerance of grade crossings. The ability of light rail transit to evolve at a later date, through additional investment, into conventional rapid transit is acknowledged. The paper draws conclusions from a 1960 study in Frankfurt, Germany, that served as the springboard for the now extensive development of light rail transit networks throughout Europe. Instances of specific social aspects are cited. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Benefits KW - Capital investments KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Passenger service KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Service KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36539 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129822 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Parkinson, Tom E AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM EVALUATION PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 159-166 AB - Evaluation of a light rail transit system involves many considerations that are specific to sites or systems and cannot be treated in a general study. However, it is possible to establish a value for reductions in running time relative to reductions in direct operating cost, savings in passenger time, and increases in net system revenue. These values, which depend on passenger volume, can be related to capital cost improvements. These include eliminating on-street running, eliminating grade crossings, instituting high-platform loading, and varying fare-collection systems. Brief commands are included on other factors of system evaluation including reliability, safety, and provision for future growth. The paper concludes that, although certain intensive improvements are likely to be justifiable, these must depend on a more detailed system-specific evaluation. In general it suggests that the planning and design of light rail transit should keep the system as simple as possible and, on the surface, avoid automatic application of rapid transit or railroad standards-and costs. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Capital investments KW - Evaluation KW - Grade crossing elimination KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Railroad stations KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36540 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129804 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mills, James R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: A MODERN RENAISSANCE PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 3-6 AB - The evolution of light rail transit from the earliest street railways is traced. Between the demise of the electric interurban and streetcar systems and the resurgence in urban rail transit, the concept of light rail was lost. The rediscovery is not now motivated by sentimentality, but on the inherent advantages of this technology. Rapidly increasing costs in heavy rail development and uncertainty about new transit technology served to spark the new interest. It offers the opportunity to initiate rail transit development at rather modest costs. The flexibility of light rail technology allows transit service, system capacity and available resources to be traded off in a variety of ways. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Evaluation KW - Light rail transit KW - Public transit KW - Streetcars KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36520 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129810 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lehner, Friedrich AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL AND RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 37-49 AB - Light rail transit can be considered as an advanced form of the conventional streetcar. Its tracks lie primarily on separated rights-of-way. In areas where there is heavy congestion, they are often in tunnels. Like rapid transit, which is independent from surface traffic on its entire length, light rail transit with modern vehicles can undertake the role of the primary transit carrier in medium and large urban areas, supplemented by and coordinated with a secondary feeder system. The most common application of light rail is in medium-sized cities. Rapid transit serves large cities. With respect to its service quality, capacity, productivity, and efficiency, rapid transit is superior to light rail transit in various degrees. However, a particularly important advantage of light rail transit is that its network can be constructed with lower investment costs and in a shorter period of time than can a rapid transit network. Moreover, individual sections can be used immediately after completion. When light rail transit has under ground sections in central urban areas, it can be a transitional system to later rapid transit as long as adequate alignment standards are applied in construction. The requirement for an integration of transportation and urban design is particularly important for light rail and rapid transit. Their radial lines from the central cities should form the axes of residential corridors. Thus they perform 2 roles To the corridor residents and commuters from the region, through park-and ride, they represent an attractive alternative to the private automobile; at the same time, they reduce traffic loads on urban arterials and streets. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Service KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36527 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129817 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Korach, Robert S AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - OPERATING A LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 111-114 AB - The most important parts of a transit operation-movement and control of vehicles-are discussed. Scheduling and control of trains in a hypothetical system are described. Examples of movement and control in light rail systems in Boston, Newark, Shaker Heights, and Cleveland are given. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Block signal systems KW - Block systems KW - Control KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Scheduling KW - Signal systems KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36534 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129806 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION VIEW OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 14-15 AB - This paper addresses the issues of how the Urban Mass Transportation Administration views light rail transit, what future role UMTA sees for this technology in American cities, and what considerations lead UMTA to sponsor a Light Rail Transit Conference. Although UMTA recognizes the virtues of the light rail concept, it does not see this as a panacea for urban mobility problems. It is believed that light rail may be a major solution to the search for less costly, more efficient and more environmentally attractive transportation systems that can economically serve the dispersed land use and travel patterns of metropolitan areas. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Costs KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Land use KW - Light rail transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36523 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129807 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Herringer, Frank C AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: AN URBAN TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVE PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 16-18 AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration expects federal policy for investment in major urban transportation projects to lead to a rational allocation of limited resources. This is not a new concept and analysis on the basis of cost effectiveness by both federal and local agencies should encourage more cities to consider light rail as an alternative. Light rail on exclusive right of way can be an attractive competitor to the automobile. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Investments KW - Light rail transit KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36524 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129820 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jessiman, William A AU - Kocur, George A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ATTRACTING LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT RIDERSHIP PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 126-146 AB - This paper addresses the complex planning considerations for attracting ridership to transit systems, particularly light rail transit systems. Taking the viewpoint of a potential rider, the authors present some observations that lay the foundation for understanding ridership response. Users are not interested in technology per se but in the level of service the system provides. Level of service is a complex combination of many system attributes such as travel time, cost, comfort, and convenience. Different user groups (market segments) make different trade-offs among these attributes. They assign different relative weights or importance to each attribute. To attract maximum ridership, the system should be tailored to the particular needs and constraints of the market segments it is serving. No single system is superior for all market segments. The paper discusses the various level-of-service attributes and their relative importance to different market segments based on empirical evidence and attitude surveys. Although one cannot generalize because different market segments assign different relative weights to level-of-service attributes, the following rank ordering of attributes from most influential to least influential is most typically the case: out-of-vehicle travel time, in-vehicle travel time, cost, comfort, and safety. For work trips travel time reliability should be added as either the first or second most important attribute. The characteristic convenience is dismissed from this list as being too broad to be specifically and universally defined. The paper goes on to introduce disaggregate, behavioral, travel-demand models as an emerging analytical technique that the transit planner can use to more precisely address the problem of the ridership response of different market segments to different level-of-service packages. Examples of these models are then used to demonstrate how different prototypical households would respond to various technologies under various representative operating policies. Some conclusions are drawn on the situations in which light rail transit would appear to be the most attractive form of public transportation from the rider's point of view, and some suggestions are made on how to improve attraction of light rail transit ridership. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Passenger service KW - Passengers KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36538 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129823 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - TENNYSON, E L AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - PUBLIC CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ECONOMICS AND MARKETING OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 167-172 AB - The term light rail transit is defined for its use in this paper. This paper is concerned with that type of rail transit that permits electric operation of rail vehicles, singly or in trains, and is capable of subway, elevated, at-grade, and in-street operation on any given route. Economics and marketing are related in the same manner that revenue and expense are related. Adaptation of the service to maximize public response cost will confer public benefits to both the user and the taxpayer when more costly alternatives are relieved or avoided. The unique aspects of light rail transit in developing and conferring benefits are reviewed and analyzed. Light rail transit is often less costly and more convenient than full-scale rapid transit; it is often more efficient, attractive, and economical than conventional bus transit within its proper area of operation. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Economic efficiency KW - Economics KW - Efficiency KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36541 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129812 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Vuchic, Vukan R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - PLACE OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT IN THE FAMILY OF TRANSIT MODES PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 62-76 AB - The paper attempts to clarify concepts and terminology of urban transit systems. Modes are defined by type of right-of-way, system technology, and type of service and operation. Right-of-way is shown to be the most important single feature determining mode performance and cost. Advantages of partial or full separation of transit from surface traffic are defined. The basic features of system technology are analyzed. Guided systems are compared with driver-steered systems; rail systems are compared with rubber-tire guided systems; and manually driven systems are compared with automated systems. With respect to operations, it is pointed out that commuter transit should be a supplement to, not a substitute for, regular transit. An analysis of optimal vehicle size shows that, for guided systems that are in use or may be operational in the near future, minimum vehicle capacity should be 40 to 50 spaces. Based on this analysis of mode components, it appears that potential light rail applications are in medium-sized cities as carriers serving major routes and in large cities as a supplement to rapid transit. In large cities with low densities, light rail transit or light rapid transit (fully grade-separated light rail transit) also has potential for application. Small cities and special services may sometimes also use this mode. The following rights-of-way are best suited for light rail street and highway medians, railroad rights-of-way, aerial structures, and, in downtown areas, short tunnel sections. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Elevated structures KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Operations KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Service KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle capacity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36530 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129814 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Touton, R D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ELECTRIFICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR LIGHT RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 86-92 AB - This paper provides a broad overview of available electrification and control system technologies for new light rail systems. It is intended for groups with widely diverse backgrounds ranging from city planners to economists and consequently does not deal with detailed, specific, technical design parameters. The portion on electrification is subdivided into sections on power generation, distribution, and collection on the light rail vehicle. The portion on control systems is broader and is divided first into propulsion control on the vehicle and then into systemwide operational control features that are further subdivided into sections on control on the vehicle, control among a number of vehicles, control as a central status reporting area, and automation. The paper concludes with general recommendations for a typical light rail system but recognizes that conditions mights require additional or fewer optional features. This is done to emphasize the flexibility and adaptability of light rail systems. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Automatic train control KW - Automation KW - Control systems KW - Light rail transit KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Signal systems KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36532 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00129811 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morris, William H AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - COMPARISON OF BUSWAY AND LIGHT RAIL MODES PY - 1975 IS - 161 SP - pp 50-61 AB - Much has been offered to convince decision makers that busways are the least costly of fixed-guideway services in medium-density urban corridors. Until recently, these claims could be questioned but not refuted because a thorough analysis of comparable busway and light rail transit (LRT) systems did not exist. However, such a work was completed in late 1974. The Rochester, New York, Charlotte-Henrietta corridor studies are a detailed busway-versus-LRT mode comparison for a specific corridor. The studies show that, although LRT and busway investment costs are similar for equal facilities, LRT exhibits substantial operating costs, operation, and service advantages. U1 - National Conference on Light Rail TransitTransportation Research BoardUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationAmerican Public Transit AssociationUniversity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19750623 EndDate:19750625 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, American Public Transit Association, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Busways KW - Competition KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Passenger service KW - Service KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/36528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092332 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Henneman, S S AU - Hudson, C L AU - Putnam, E S AU - Thiesen, D J AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center TI - JOINT STRATEGIES FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION, AIR QUALITY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION. JOINT ACTION PROGRAMS PY - 1974/12 SP - 378 p. AB - This report develops an integrated approach for resolving problems created by traffic congestion, air pollution, and petroleum shortages. In Part 1, the basic relationships among the strategies and actions are summarized in a matrix display. Each item is ranked to access its impact on six subgoals, or phenomena, in the near or long term: improved auto alternative, improved vehicular flow; reduced auto use; reduced travel demand; reduced vehicular emissions; and reduced vehicular petroleum consumption. Two synergistic joint action programs are presented. Part II contains an information review of experience, impacts on goals (mobility, air quality, energy conservation), and an overall evaluation of 54 specific actions. KW - Air pollution abatement KW - Air pollution control devices KW - Air quality management KW - Air transportation KW - Automobiles KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Conservation KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Government policies KW - Highway traffic control KW - Impacts KW - Mobility KW - Policy KW - Pollution control KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Supply KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trucks KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151721 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Dei Rossi, J A AU - Henneman, S S AU - Putnam, E S AU - Usowicz, T W AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - JOINT EPA/UMTA/FEA STRATEGY FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY. VOLUME 2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE URBAN TRANSPORTATION MODAL MIXES PY - 1974/12 SP - 92 p. AB - The objective of this four-volume study is to formulate a basis for the design of a joint interagency action program which would simultaneously improve urban mobility and air quality and conserve petroleum resources. This second volume presents an algorithm for calculating the impacts on transportation energy use and pollutant emissions of alternative urban transportation mixes. The algorithm is used to compare the change in national urban energy use and pollutant emissions implied by the maximum conceivable diversion of 1990 urban auto travel to bus, rail and para-transit compared to the no-diversion case. This exercise is supported by appendices showing the derivation of the methodology and of the database. The volume also includes a discussion of issues, tradeoffs, and methodologies relevant to the local determination of a balanced modal mix in an individual metropolitan area. KW - Air pollution KW - Air pollution forecasting KW - Air quality management KW - Algorithms KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Conservation KW - Databases KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Paratransit services KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093359 AU - Scott, R L AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMS IMPLEMENTATION HANDBOOK. SERVICE, INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM PY - 1974/12 SP - 93 p. AB - The Service, Inventory, and Maintenance System (SIMS) has been developed to aid urban bus transit properties in managing their servicing and maintenance activities. This automated information system is currently operational and consists of three components: the Service/Unit Change System, Inventory System, and Repair Cost System. General descriptions of the system's data requirements and the reports it produces have been published, and detailed software documentation is available for each of the three components. This handbook furnishes guidance to management in planning the implementation of the SIMS components at individual properties, by outlining such steps as data base generation, training, and acquisition of data processing services. KW - Automation KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - COBOL (Computer program language) KW - Computer programming KW - Cost engineering KW - Handbooks KW - Information processing KW - Inventory control KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Services KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00301225 AU - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority AU - Atlanta Regional Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF FARE REDUCTION ON TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN THE ATLANTA REGION. SUMMARY REPORT NO. 2--ANALYSIS OF NON-TRANSIT USER DATA PY - 1974/12 SP - 17 p. AB - This paper discusses the results of interviews of Fulton and Dekalb County, Georgia residents concerning ridership of the Atlanta Region Bus System. Nonusers of the bus system generally expressed a favorable opinion of the quality of service. However, it was found that public awareness of the fare reduction of 15 cents was quite low: although, it had been publicized for several months prior to the start of the survey. More than one-half of the new riders interviewed in the on-board survey stated that reduced fare was the reason they began riding the bus. KW - Awareness KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Data collection KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Interviewing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/141794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092220 AU - Christiansen, G AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME 5. POST REPAIR TESTING PY - 1974/12 SP - 65 p. AB - The Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program is an integrated development program directed toward improving high speed, frequent-stop urban rail systems. The objective of the State-of-the-Art car (SOAC) is to demonstrate the best state-of-the-art in rapid rail car design, with two improved cars using existing proven technology. Primary goals for the cars are passenger convenience and operating efficiency. This document presents the test results for the Post-Repair Testing of the SOAC. The purpose of these tests was to show: (1) compliance with the SOAC Detail Specification (NTIS no. PB-222 147) following repairs to the Number 2 car damaged in an accident on August 11, 1973 at the DOT High Speed Ground Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado; and (2) to complete the Simulated Demonstration Testing (Volume 4) which had been interrupted by the accident. Chapters present configuration, instrumentation, test procedures, test results and conclusions. KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092158 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Transportation Center TI - PROJECT SUPER BUS: HIGH-CAPACITY BUS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STUDY PY - 1974/12 SP - 193 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine the technical criteria for high-capacity transit buses for U.S. operation. Principal emphasis was placed on the articulated bus concept, because the maneuverability of articulated buses makes them suitable for service on any routes that can be served by a standard 40-foot rigid bus. The double-deck bus concept was also studied because it offers some operating cost advantages, but vertical clearance problems would limit its use to about 30 percent of the high-capacity routes. Design studies were made of a number of specific configurations for the two generic concepts. The objective in the double- deck design studies was to achieve maximum height in the aisle in both decks while maintaining the maximum number of seats in a conventional arrangement. Information is presented on the market potential and production costs for high-capacity buses. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Bus transportation KW - Capacity KW - Configuration KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Double deck buses KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Production KW - Safety KW - Shape KW - Transit buses KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098964 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates TI - HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1974/12 SP - 78 p. AB - The Haddonfield (New Jersey) Dial-A-Ride Project is one of about 60 demand-responsive transportation systems currently being used throughout the U.S. and Canada. The Haddonfield Project was designed, implemented and operated as a research and development project to determine the feasibility of a demand-responsive door-to-door transportation service. The prime pbjective of the Project was to obtain accurate and reliable data for evaluation of the Dail-A-Ride concept. This final report delineates project direction, beginning February 19, 1972 and ending June 30, 1974. It details ridership trends, vehicle productivity, service quality, revenues and costs of operation. The report includes a quantity of graphs, charts, and tables that show the effects of zonal mode of operation, and the elimination of the shuttle service. The main objectives of the Project covered by this report were to: (1) provide accurate data for demand and cost analysis; (2) determine the degree of public acceptance of demand-responsive transit systems; (3) determine limits of a manually controlled scheduling system: (4) determine system parameters for a computer-controlled scheduling system; and (5) test the developmental computer-controlled scheduling system. Appendices contain a list of Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride reports and data collection and analysis procedures. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information processing KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143045 AU - Texas Mass Transportation Commission AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TEXAS TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1975-1990 PY - 1974/12 SP - 205 p. AB - Contents: History of urban transportation development; Urban transportation development in Texas; The role of transit in Texas; Policy, goals, and objectives for transit in Texas; Future transit travel in Texas; Transit cost-revenue projections for 1980 and 1990; Financing Texas transit programs; Intercity passenger transportation. KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Forecasting KW - Government policies KW - Intercity transportation KW - Intercity travel KW - Legislation KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - State government KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Travel surveys KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090512 AU - Waksman, R AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS-BUS-ON-FREEWAY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT/A STUDY OF REVERSE COMMUTE SERVICE SN - NBSIR-74-624 PY - 1974/12 SP - 40 p. AB - Bus-on-freeway operations generally provide peak period commuter transit service to persons traveling from suburban residences through congested corridors to jobs in the major employment centers of metropolitan areas. In a few cases, peak period reverse commute operations may provide service to persons traveling from residences near the downtown employment centers to jobs in the suburbs. In early 1973, two major Shirley Highway Express-Bus-on-Freeway Demonstration Project reverse commute routes began service to office buildings in Northern Virginia. An analysis of this reverse commute service revealed that it was a successful operation because it provided considerable benefits to its patrons and was slightly profitable to the bus operator on an incremental cost basis. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Freeways KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Reverse commuting KW - Routes KW - Transit buses KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation routes KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151723 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Henneman, S S AU - Putnam, E S AU - Usowicz, T W AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - JOINT EPA/UMTA/FEA STRATEGY FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY. VOLUME 4. INFORMATION DATA BASE: STATUS OF URBAN CONGESTION, AIR POLLUTION, AND ENERGY USE PY - 1974/12 SP - 272 p. AB - The objective of the study is to formulate a basis for the design of a joint program which would simultaneously improve urban mobility and air quality and conserve petroleum resources. This fourth volume contains INTERPLAN's initial definition of the transportation-related urban problems now faced by UMTA, EPA, and FEA, and their authority to cope with these problems. The current status of transportation-related urban congestion, air pollution, and energy usage is analyzed on a national level, and the future status likely to obtain if present trends continue unchecked is projected. Congestion and air pollution is also examined in four cities: Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Seattle, and Baltimore. KW - Air pollution KW - Air pollution abatement KW - Air pollution forecasting KW - Air quality management KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - California KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - City planning KW - Congestion KW - Conservation KW - Databases KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental surveys KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information systems KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Pennsylvania KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Problem solving KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47836 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151722 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Henneman, S S AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - JOINT EPA/UMTA/FEA STRATEGY FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY. VOLUME 3. THE POTENTIAL OF DUAL MODE PY - 1974/12 SP - 41 p. AB - Interdependence of goals of the three agencies, EPA, UMTA, and FEA generates this four-volume study. The common issue around which all three agencies' policies revolve is the use of the private auto involving both incentives and penalties to catalyze a change in existing urban travel characteristics. This third volume expresses INTERPLAN's judgment about the applicability, timing, and impact of dual mode urban transportation technologies. A three-system, three-phase, gradual evolution of demand for dual mode is suggested. The dual mode essay is prefaced by a short overview and comparison of the propulsion and energy use characteristics of conventional and future urban transportation modes. KW - Air pollution KW - Air pollution abatement KW - Air pollution forecasting KW - Air quality management KW - Automobiles KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Conservation KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Ferries KW - Forecasting KW - Helicopters KW - Pallets KW - Parking facilities KW - Policy KW - Short takeoff aircraft KW - STOL aircraft KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47835 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147303 AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UNIVERSITY AREA TRANSIT STUDY. A PRELIMINARY DESIGN PY - 1974/12 SP - 165 p. AB - Situations and events of the past ten years in the University Area of the West Bank, East Bank and St. Paul Campuses of the University of Minnesota, generated discussions of the need for a transit circulation and distribution system and the need to define the relationship between the circulation system and the regional transit system. The University Area Study was conducted in two parts: Part (1) System selection -- The work completed (goals, objectives, culture and performance requirements, identification of potential...users, transit system alternatives, and summary report) resulted in the definition of a conceptual transit system for the University Area. Part (2) Preliminary design -- This work refines the conceptual transit system, defines system performance specifications, estimates capital and operating costs, and includes an implementation schedule. KW - Costs KW - Minnesota KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Scheduling KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092327 AU - Lavine, L AU - Peterson, R AU - Bulbulian, F AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VISUAL IMPACT OF PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1974/11 SP - 35 p. AB - PRT systems offer on-demand, non-stop service from origin to destination over extensive networks of guideways. To date, these guideways have been portrayed as elevated above grade, minimizing network costs and interference with other circulation systems, but maximizing the visual impact on neighborhoods they pass through. This study does not attempt to present a design solution to these problems, but rather it lays a foundation for developing PRT visual impact design criteria on which future design decisions can be predicted. The key lies in finding effective communications media through which the visual impact of PRT can be conveyed to the public at large. The study explores the effectiveness of three graphic communication techniques. KW - Aesthetics KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Communities KW - Constraints KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Elevated guideways KW - Environmental impacts KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Guideways KW - Information systems KW - Networks KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Pollution control KW - Public relations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation networks KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban information systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Visibility UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092419 AU - Johanning, J AU - Talvitie, A AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/11 SP - 75 p. AB - The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) is a direct outgrowth of the significance Congress has attached to environmental impacts of government actions and policies. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) has written guidelines for Federal agencies to follow when establishing policies concerning the environment. These guidelines also instruct agencies as to the content of impact statements, which may have a wide variation of content. In order to determine how well transportation impact statements conform to NEPA, forty statements were randomly selected, reviewed and summarized in this report. Sites chosen were both urban and rural, magnitudes ranged from statewide to local, modes included highway and mass transit, and report sizes were from a few pages to a few hundred. KW - Agencies KW - Environment KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental policy act KW - Environmental surveys KW - Evaluation KW - Government agencies KW - Government policies KW - Government regulations KW - Guidelines KW - Highway transportation KW - Management KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092217 AU - Dunton, W AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME 2. SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL TESTING PY - 1974/11 SP - 143 p. AB - The Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program is an integrated development program directed toward improving high speed, frequent-stop urban rail systems. The objective of the State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) is to demonstrate the best state-of-the-art in rapid rail car design, with two improved cars using existing technology. Primary goals for the cars are passenger convenience and operating efficiency. This document, Volume 2 of the SOAC Final Test Report, presents the test results for the subsystem functional testing of state-of-the-art transit cars. The purpose of these tests was to show compliance with the SOAC Detail Specification (NTIS no. PB-222 147). After adjustments and changes where required, all subsystems met the requirements of the detail specification. Chapters of the report present instrumentation, test procedures and results, and conclusions. Items discussed in the chapter on test procedures and results are car body, lighting, wiring, equipment, main propulsion control and motor rotation, braking, propulsion auxiliaries, car weight, pantograph, air compressor, hostling panel, and visual. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Control devices KW - Development KW - Documents KW - Engines KW - Environmental engineering KW - Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Lighting KW - Lighting systems KW - Motors KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Systems engineering KW - Tests KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158073 AU - Oren, R AU - Boeing Vertol Company TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR (SOAC) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH-SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER VOLUME V11 POST-REPAIR TESTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 202 p. AB - This document presents the test results from the State-of-the-Art Post-Repair Engineering Test Program conducted at the DOT High-Speed Ground Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from March 18th to 29th, 1974. The SOAC has been developed under UMTA's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program to enhance the attractiveness of rapid rail transportation to the urban traveller. The test data continuity between the original HSGTC Engineering Tests and the Post-Repair Test was established. Test data of variations from the original data have not been significant in terms of overall vehicle performance. of overall vehicle performance. KW - Rapid transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Test results KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133104 AU - International Business Machines Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Chicago Transit Authority TI - SCHEDULE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM STUDY PY - 1974/11 SP - 557 p. AB - The report describes a study performed for the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) to develop recommendations and development plans for a Schedule Control and Management Information System. According to the authors, this system would be a further improvement upon and extension of the Automatic Vehicle/Bus Monitoring (AVM) System which was installed by CTA in 1970 and was the first of its kind in the U.S. Sections 1, 2, and 4 of the report constitute the equivalent of an executive summary. Section 1 presents an overview of the system, giving the purpose, background data, and scope of the study. Section 2 gives system requirements, functional information flow, and a brief system description. Section 4 details the implementation plan with a breakout of functions and task objectives including a discussion of schedules and personnel organization and responsibilities, and a detailed discussion of potential benefits. Section 3 comprises a comprehensive system description by subsystem including bus control, communications, communications processing, main processing, operations control center, route control, street displays, customer information system, and radio maintenance. KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Displays KW - Illinois KW - Information display systems KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Personnel management KW - Radio KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133452 AU - Hodge, D C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - AN EQUITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIAL AND SOCIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF BENEFITS AND COSTS PY - 1974/11 SP - 221 p. AB - This report deals with the distribution question, i.e., the distribution of resources among members of society. Public investment decision-making in the provision of impure goods (those public goods which intrinsically incorporate a spatial dimension) is discussed and a public investment model which describes investment issues as both a production and a distribution question is presented. Then, an alternative public investment model, the Equity Evaluation Model (EEM) which examines public investment as a distribution question, is examined. The mathematical foundation of distributional analysis, particularly the link between aggregate and distributional analysis, is discussed. The three stages of the EEM are detailed which special attention to the selection of a proper equity criterion by which competing public projects are to be evaluated. A case study application of the EEM is presented through the examination of the geographic setting of Pittsburgh and the alternative public projects, three mass transit proposals. The social and economic environment of Pittsburgh region is described and the results of conventional benefit/cost evaluations of the projects are presented. The distribution of benefits and costs is determined for each of the three proposals using the EEM. Net change in the distribution of real income is calculated and evaluated in terms of equity. The projects are compared and the most equitable project, according to the author, is chosen. Finally, the concepts of the report are integrated with an imphasis on an understanding of the key role played by spatial forces in the distribution of real income. The model is evaluated in terms of methodological soundness and its overall appropriateness to the equity paradigm. Future applicability of the model is discussed. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Decision making KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Evaluation KW - Investments KW - Mathematical models KW - Public interest KW - Public policy KW - Social values KW - Traffic distribution KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084756 AU - Neumann, A L AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWNER BUS SERVICE PY - 1974/11 SP - 44 p. AB - The Washington, D.C. Downtowner "Midibus" Demonstration Project has for its goals: (1) reduction of downtown congestion; (2) reduction in size of transit coaches in the city core area; (3) reduced air pollution; (4) assistance and support of downtown revitalization efforts; (5) a revenue-cost ratio of 0.5; and (6) optimum routing of downtown circulation vehicles. The medium-sized bus, 25' long and 8' wide, has percipheral seating for 25 and standing capacity of 15. The Daytime Connector Route proved to be optimum by all performance measures as indicated. By completion of the program in June '74, more than 1,200,00 passengers has been carried on all routes, nearly all on the Connector route. In July '74 the service was taken over by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in consonance with an agreement with the District Government to continue service if the demonstration proved utilitarian and well patronized. A modified-zone fare structure proved acceptable and the service-cost ratio of 0.5 was exceeded by a wide margin. Both low fare and convenience of movement within the CBD encouraged public use of mass transit to circulate around the CBD for shopping and other errands. The net result was a reduction of downtown traffic with consequent lowered air pollution and progress in efforts to revitalize the downtown area. Chapters address the project in terms of financing, management, publicity, vehicles, liquified natural gas fuel system and ridership. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Fuel systems KW - Management KW - Minibuses KW - Ridership KW - Route choice KW - Traffic congestion KW - Vehicle capacity KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084750 AU - Talvitie, A AU - Neal, A AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - A ROUTE COST MODEL FOR BUS PY - 1974/11 SP - 39 p. AB - In this report, a cost model is developed for calculating total variable cost, by route, for a bus system. The model is designed to predict the total variable cost, by route, as a function of three variables: (1) vehicles; (2) vehicle-miles; and (3) operation days. The financial statements of the system under study are analyzed and the various costs are allocated to the variable with which they vary. The purpose of the model is to provide transit managers and transportation planners with a more rational framework for comparison of costs of alternative plans or operating policies than is being used at present. Also, the model will provide for the calculation of marginal cost fares, by route. The type of pricing will, according to the authors, insure that the transit company covers its costs at any particular level of service. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Costs KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operating costs KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Variables KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094053 AU - Hartzler, R E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEM PERFORMANCE DATA PROCESSING FOR A DEMAND-RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1974/11 SP - 119 p. AB - The report is intended to be a guide for transit operators and managers interested in operating a demand-responsive transportation system and for programmers who maintain the data processing programs. In the broad evaluation of the Haddonfield, New Jersey Dial-A-Ride Demonstration Project, extensive data are required, including attitude data from personal interviews, cost data, and system performance data. The processing of system performance data is the topic of this report. The Haddonfield system was scheduled manually from the start of the demonstration in February 1972 until February 1974. During the latter part of this period, the automated system was the primary scheduling system. The procedures used in collecting and processing data from the manual scheduling system are described. Also discussed are manual system data files and tabulations. The computer programs that process automated system data and the automated system tabulations are presented. KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Manual control KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094421 AU - ROBESON, J F AU - Lai, A W AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MODELING THE URBAN GOODS CONSOLIDATION TERMINAL SITE SELECTION DECISION. PART III PY - 1974/11 SP - 133 p. AB - The study investigates the economic feasibility of implementing the concept of a consolidated terminal for small shipments destined to or originating in the central business district (CBD) of an urban area. More specifically, this involves the determination of the number and location(s) of hypothetical consolidation terminal(s) within the greater Columbus, Ohio, metropolitan area, and the assignation of shipments to each terminal in terms of CBD zones and clusters of truck operators. The consolidation terminal site selection problem is formulated as a linear integer programming model which takes into consideration the various characteristics of the CBD small shipment. Shipment sizes of 5000 pounds or less, and 1000 pounds or less were investigated. The solution technique developed for the model utilizes a linear programming computer algorithm for the initial solution; an iterative heuristic solution approach follows which provides for only integer values of the binary variables and for the nonlinear nature of the operating cost function. The heuristic solution converges rapidly and can be adopted wherever linear computer programming is available. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Consolidating stations KW - Consolidations KW - Distribution systems KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Linear programming KW - Mathematical models KW - Ohio KW - Operating costs KW - Physical distribution KW - Shipments KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080816 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1974/10 SP - 83 p. AB - The plans are summarized of eleven urban agencies participating in the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program the purpose of which is to test and demonstrate the concerted use of available highway traffic engineering and transit operations technology for relieving traffic congestion in radial corridors serving major urban centers. The program which is directed to metropolitan areas of over 200,000 population, emphasizes low-capital intensive improvements rather than new major construction to demonstrate whether rapidly implementable, relatively inexpensive projects can effectively relieve urban traffic congestion. This report which is presented with the purpose of apprising public officials and citizens of ideas that will help relieve peak-hour traffic, discusses highlights of proposed projects, provides relevant information for prospective applicants and lists of participating agencies and proposed projects. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Highway operations KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081908 AU - Gerrard, W L AU - Caudill, R J AU - Rushfeldt, T R AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - CRASHWORTHINESS FOR HIGH-CAPACITY PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1974/10 SP - 121 p. AB - This study is concerned with the design of crashworthy vehicles for high-capacity personal rapid transit (PRT) systems. PRT systems offer on-demand, non-stop service from origin to destination over an extensive network of exclusive guideways. Proposed high-capacity PRT systems operate at fractional second headways. The necessity for such short headway operation has resulted in concern for passenger safety in high-capacity PRT. This study is undertaken to establish guidelines for the design of PRT vehicles in which passengers would not be seriously injured even under the conditions of a worst case collision. It is established that even in the case of a collision with a fixed unyielding barrier, adequate passenger protection can be obtained using existing technology provided impact velocities do not exceed 30 to 40 m.p.h. /UMTA/ KW - Crashworthiness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety factors KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081302 AU - Madigan, R J AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - URBAN RAIL SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM-FISCAL YEAR 1973 YEAR END SUMMARY SN - PM-P-6 PY - 1974/10 SP - 64 p. AB - The Urban Rail Supporting Technology Program, being conducted for the Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) is described for the 1973 Fiscal Year period. Major areas covered include program management, technical support and application engineering, facilities development, test and evaluation and technology development. Specific technical discussion covers track geometry measurement, UMTA facilities development at the High Speed Ground Test Center at Pueblo, Colorado, rail car test and evaluation, especially of the State-of-the-art-Car (SOAC) and of Boston's MBTA Green Line, instrumentation for data acquisition and processing, noise abatement methodology, and tunneling and crashworthiness studies. KW - Crashworthiness KW - Data collection KW - Facilities KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Management KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Technical assistance KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093018 AU - Davis, FWJ AU - Heathington, K W AU - Symons, R T AU - Griese, S C AU - Alford, R W AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIVATELY OWNED SHARED-RIDE TAXI SYSTEMS PY - 1974/10 SP - 117 p. AB - The report presents an analysis of costs, revenues, and investment requirements associated with two privately owned, demand-responsive transportation systems in Davenport, Iowa, and Hicksville, New York. Objectives of this report were: (1) determination of the costs, revenues, ridership characteristics, and benefits of providing public transportation with two privately owned systems; (2) measurement of the economic viability of the different levels of service; and (3) determination of the economic feasibility of combining the transportation of goods and people into a single operation. Primary sources of taxi revenue are identified and driver and vehicle productivity are evaluated. The financial analysis of taxi operations includes both capital costs and operating expenses for each of the four operational areas (vehicles, garage, dispatching, and administrative). A generalized model for predicting shared-riding investment requirements is presented. A comparison of privately owned, shared-ride taxi systems and publicly owned dial-a-bus systems is offered on the basis of cost, investments and revenues. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Investments KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Systems engineering KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093017 AU - Heathington, K W AU - Davis, FWJ AU - Griese, S C AU - Symons, R T AU - Alford, R W AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ORGANIZATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW OF TWO PRIVATELY OWNED, SHARED RIDE TAXI SYSTEMS PY - 1974/10 SP - 133 p. AB - The report has been based primarily on data from two privately owned demand-responsive public transportation systems operating in two different urban environments. Both are radio-dispatched shared-ride taxi systems, one in the industrial-agricultural city of Davenport, Iowa, and the other in the residential-commercial city of Hicksville, New York. Secondary data concerning national averages were obtained to enable generalized statements. Organizational aspects of these systems are discussed in terms of functional structure and methods of providing operational services. Requirements for and characteristics of taxi system's managerial personnel, dispatchers and drivers are examined. Regulatory issues confronting taxi systems are delineated. Meter, zone, multi-zone, and trip length pricing are discussed as alternative pricing mechanisms for taxi service. The data lead the authors to the major conclusion that the most important factor to be considered in the use of shared-ride taxi services is the needs of the various market segments in the urban public transportation market. It was also concluded that a taxi company under a highly innovative manager is an effective public transportation service. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Organization KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Prices KW - Regulations KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Systems engineering KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092157 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Transportation Center TI - PROJECT SUPER BUS: SPECIFICATION FOR AN ARTICULATED TRANSIT BUS PY - 1974/10 SP - 87 p. AB - The report is a specification providing a prospective manufacturer with guidelines to develop an articulated bus specifically suited to transit service in the U.S. It specifies the basic physical dimensions, passenger accommodations, and propulsion for a series-built multipassenger public service vehicle designed primarily for urban service but with adaptability to arterial and truck line service.The nominal design capacity is for a vehicle having a single operator and a capacity for 70 or more seated passengers, with state-of-the-art propulsion and human factors design. The specifications meet all applicable U.S. Federal, state, and local safety and performance standards. Chapters discuss vehicle structure, furnishings, driver's station and controls, energy conversion, suspension and guidance (steering), and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Appendices contain definitions and abbreviations. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Capacity KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Doors KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle engines KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Seats KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Transit buses KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Windows UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092219 AU - Gordon, T AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME 4. SIMULATED DEMONSTRATION TEST PY - 1974/10 SP - 50 p. AB - The Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program is an integrated development program directed toward improving high speed, frequent-stop urban rail systems. The objective of the State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) is to demonstrate the best state-of-the-art in rapid rail car design, with two improved cars using existing proven technology. Primary goals for the cars are passenger convenience and operating efficiency. Simulated Demonstration Tests of the SOAC two-car train was conducted with the purpose to enhance the probability of trouble-free operation in the demonstrations for the riding public to be held in the cities of New York, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, and Philadelphia. The demonstration profile was set up as a composite of the five demonstration city routes. KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Routes KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation routes KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195889 AU - ALDMAN, B AU - Brattgaard, S O AU - Hansson, S AU - Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden AU - Gothenburg University, Sweden TI - SAFETY DURING SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE TRIPS. VOLUME ONE; TRANSPORTATION IN VEHICLES DESIGNED FOR THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1974/10 SP - 122 p. AB - Special transportation is provided in Sweden for those who have difficulty in using the regular public transportation systems. The vehicles used for the special transportation are generally small buses and all are equipped with a ramp or a small elevator to more the passengers into or out of the vehicles. Inside of the vehicle, seats have been removed and special fastening equipment for wheelchairs has been installed. Travel service vehicle transportation can be divided into three main parts: 1) moving to or from the vehicle; 2) moving into or out of the vehicle; and 3) traveling in the vehicle. The University of Goteborg conducted studies on the safety aspect of loading and securing wheelchairs in this type of transportation service. This report covers the wheelchair-securing portion of the study. A related study: Volume Two: Movement In and Out of Special Transportation Service Vehicles (PB 289-132T), deals with safety factors during the movement into and out of the vehicles. In the conducted studies described in this report, dummy-occupied wheelchairs were dynamically tested on a sled simulator while secured by various methods. Six different types of chairs were tested. Crash simulations were made at acceleration levels of 5g, 10g, 15g, and 20g, and all occurring under at least 100ms from onset. The report concludes that satisfactory securement can be provided for forward and rearward-facing wheelchair users on the special transportation vehicles. However, sideway facing is not advisable because of the low tolerance of the human body to side stresses. /UMTA/ KW - Highway planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84595 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090445 AU - Rochester-Gennessee Regional Trans Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Corddry, Carpenter, Dietz, and Zack TI - PLANNING MODE SELECTION AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT. CHARLOTTE-HENRIETTA TRANSIT CORRIDOR. VOLUME II. MODE SELECTION AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY PY - 1974/10 SP - 259 p. AB - The document provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the three selected alternative rapid transit systems for the Charlotte-Henrietta Corridor. The results of this analysis indicate the economic feasibility of an optimal system and lend to the recommendation of a specific mode. Requirements for implementing the most feasible rapid transit system in the Charlotte-Henrietta Corridor at the earliest possible time are identified. KW - Buses KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Fares KW - Implementation KW - Light rail transit KW - New York (State) KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rochester (New York) KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151147 AU - Scales, W C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEMS PY - 1974/10 SP - 69 p. AB - Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) systems, which provide the location of fleet vehicles automatically determined and made available at a central office, have been the subject of study for many years. This report examines a variety of techniques proposed for AVM applications, as well as, the efforts made in the related field of Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI). Technologies for locating urban fleet vehicles are discussed and classified under four broad categories: Dead-reckoning, Radio Time-of-Arrival, Proximity, and Triangulation techniques. AVM offers the potential of increasing the efficiency of several types of fleet operation, including mass transit, police, taxi, and other fleet systems, while simultaneously improving the security on board these vehicles. AVM also offers a high potential for commercial users in urban areas, namely, package delivery services, private maintenance services, and truck delivery systems. KW - Automatic vehicle identification KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Delivery service KW - Detectors KW - Distance measuring equipment KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Identification systems KW - Level of service KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Police KW - Proximity KW - Public transit KW - Radio KW - Radio beacons KW - Services KW - Suspended sediments KW - Triangulation KW - Trucks KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082729 AU - Shanley, J W AU - Consortium of Universities TI - SAFETY IN MASS TRANSIT: A CASE STUDY OF BUS ACCIDENTS IN WASHINGTON. D.C. PY - 1974/10 SP - 146 p. AB - The purpose of this report was to obtain an increased understanding of the variables involved in transit bus accidents. It is a case study of bus accidents in Washington, D.C. The methodology is an analysis of 1971 District of Columbia police accident reports that have a bus coded as one of the vehicles involved in the accident. To give the research perspective and facilitate the development of a research design, the future role of transit buses in urban transportation and traffic safety was analyzed and a review of relevant traffic safety research and programs was conducted. It is in the area of injuries that transit buses have their greatest safety problems. Factors in the operating environment such as traffic congestion, intersection width, differences in maneuverability between vehicle types, and route design were found to have an important role in the frequency and severity of transit bus accidents. Because vehicle design is significantly circumscribed by the requirements of intracity bus service, improved bus safety requires, according to the author, a reduction of safety hazards in the operating environment in addition to vehicle design innovation. Recommendations for reducing safety hazards in the operating environment are made and an inexpensive safety program for implementing these recommendations in different metropolitan areas is proposed. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Crash reports KW - Crash severity KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Hazards KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Injuries KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094012 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Mitre Corporation AU - LEX Systems, Incorporated AU - DAVE Systems, Incorporated AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR AN AUTOMATED SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR DEMAND-RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE). PART I. CONTROLLER FUNCTIONS PY - 1974/10 SP - 191 p. AB - The two-volume manual is a user's guide for a computer-controlled, demand-responsive transportation system (Dial-A-Ride). The goal of the manual is to provide the information needed by the Dial-A-Ride Control Center personnel to operate an automatic Dial-A-Ride transit service using a Westinghouse 2500 mini-computer, its associated peripheral devices, and its software. The user of the manual should have a thorough knowledge of the operation of a manually scheduled demand-responsive public transportation system. With the exception of the Introduction (which is needed by all Control personnel), this manual is sectioned functionally. The personnel involved will find within their sections all the information necessary for them to do the tasks connected with their functions. Persons operating in a certain function should be aware of sections of the manual, but they will not need them for their day-to-day guidance. Part I contains the telephonist, dispatcher and supervisory functions. Part II encompasses the computer operator's function and the appendices--scheduling function, computer hardware, and glossary of terms. KW - Automatic control KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Computer programming KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information processing KW - Instructions KW - Manuals KW - Minicomputers KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094013 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Mitre Corporation AU - LEX Systems, Incorporated AU - DAVE Systems, Incorporated AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR AN AUTOMATED SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR DEMAND-RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE). PART II. COMPUTER OPERATOR FUNCTIONS PY - 1974/10 SP - 144 p. AB - The manual is the product of the Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride Demonstration sponsored by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. The purpose of this volume is to explain the Computer Operator's tasks in using an automated scheduling system for demand-responsive public transportation. KW - Automatic control KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Computer programming KW - Computer systems hardware KW - Computers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Instructions KW - Manuals KW - Minicomputers KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080663 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Ontario Development Corporation AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Calgary City Transportation Department TI - PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE AMERICAN TRANSIT ASSOCIATION WESTERN CONFERENCE HELD IN VANCOUVER, CANADA, ON MAY 6-9, 1974 PY - 1974/10 SP - 153 p. AB - The contents are: Preparation for instituting Calgary's contra-flow bus lane; Criteria for establishing exclusive bus lanes; The current status of high capacity bus development; UMTA's transit marketing project; Transportation for senior citizens and the disadvantaged; Ontario's approach to personalized rapid transit. KW - Aged KW - Bus lanes KW - Disadvantage KW - Marketing KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Public transit KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080664 AU - Herringer, F C AU - Scott, S AU - Hare, W AU - CHAPUT, H AU - Giuliani, C AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Port Authority of Allegheny County AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated TI - PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE ATA MID-YEAR MEETING HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ON MAY 20-23, 1974 PY - 1974/10 SP - 124 p. AB - The authors' paper summarizes UMTA's accomplishments within the last year as well as proposed transit legislation. Mr. Scott reviews minority employment in both the government and the transit industry. The next 3 papers deal with UMTA bidding procedures, the method of evaluation of new vehicles by the Ottawa-Carleton Regional Transit Commission, and a new specification for a 30' bus. Mr. Geissenheimer's paper discusses PAT's Product Price Promotion program. Mr. Mateyka deals with ways to improve the safety of TRANSBUS and the paper by Mr. Hoadley describes Split Grant Funding and the Criteria which guide UMTA in developing procedures for the changes made by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973. KW - Buses KW - Employment KW - Financing KW - Laws KW - Minorities KW - Public transit KW - Specifications KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189350 AU - ALDMAN, B AU - Brattgard, S O AU - Hansson, S AU - California Department of Transportation TI - SAFETY DURING SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE TRIPS--VOLUME TWO: MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE VEHICLES PY - 1974/10 SP - 83 p. AB - Special Transportation Services (STS) is a form of transportation in Sweden which provides transportation services for handicapped individuals. Special Service Vehicles (SSV) are designed to accommodate wheelchairs, and are driven by personnel who pick up the passengers at home or work. This report deals with the safety factors during movement into and out of the SSV. Attention is placed upon the risks involved for wheelchair users who use a ramp as compared to those who use a hydraulift. In most cases, the lift is the most comfortable way to enter and exit the vehicle. However, most lifts do not have security rails, which increases the risk of falling off the platform. Also, manual lifting of the passenger and of the wheelchair creates additional risks of personal injury to both the passenger and the assistance personnel. This method is not analyzed in this study. In order to increase the security for the passenger, a study was conducted at the University of Goteborg investigating actual events in a transportation service situation. Problems were discussed with passengers and service personnel and experiments were performed with ramps and hydraulic lifts. The major results of the study are that both ramps and lifts can be designed so as to provide adequate safety. Measurements are given for the ramps, lifts and vehicles in order to allow for both the wheelchair user and an assistant. This report contains Appendices 1 and 2: Specifications of Eight Different Wheelchairs and Tables Describing Components from the Primary Experiments, respectively, and a Bibliography. /UMTA/ KW - Highway delineation KW - Highway delineators KW - Highway design KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Safety KW - Space KW - Special service KW - Vehicles KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090444 AU - Batchelor, T J AU - Sinha, K C AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Marquette University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF A FREEWAY SYSTEM WITH RESPECT TO AN AVERAGE REAL ESTATE PROPERTY TAXPAYER IN THE CITY OF MILWAUKEE PY - 1974/10 SP - 37 p. AB - The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of freeways with respect to property taxpayers within a municipal area. The city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin was examined. The scope of the analysis was limited to quantifiable items for which data were available. A conservative approach was taken. The environmental impact of the freeway was not included in the analysis. KW - Assessed valuations KW - Assessments KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost savings KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Local government KW - Property acquisition KW - Property taxes KW - Real property KW - Revenues KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Taxes KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093468 AU - Hoppe, C F AU - Cleveland Transit System AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE WABCO AC PROPULSION SYSTEM. VOLUME 1. CTS/UMTA AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1974/09 SP - 211 p. AB - In 1971, the Cleveland Transit System received a grant contract from UMTA to test, demonstrate, and evaluate a WABCO solid state AC propulsion system on three rapid transit cars (Project OH-06-0006). The independent evaluation was performed by Transportation and Environmental Operations, TRW, Inc, Redondo Beach, Calif. This is the final project report. AC Pulse Width Modulation propulsion test data is evaluated to determine whether the advantages claimed for AC PWM propulsion were demonstrated. Retrofit feasibility, AC/DC car compatibility, signal compatibility, and electromagnetic interference are assessed. Factors related to the relatively undeveloped state of the AC system limit the specificity of the results and conclusions relative to their applicability to other transit properties in the future. Chapters present project objectives, project description, summary and conclusions, principal task evaluations, the AC/PWM propulsion system, and ancillary task evaluations. A bibliography is furnished. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Cost engineering KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Ohio KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Pulse duration modulation KW - Pulse modulated control KW - Pulse modulation KW - Pulse time modulation KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Soild state controls KW - Solid state devices KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090463 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FOR FLORIDA'S GOLD COAST. DADE, BROWARD, PALM BEACH, TRI-COUNTY, FLORIDA PY - 1974/09 SP - 45 p. AB - The report is the culmination of a 4 year transit planning effort in which the entire Florida Gold Coast was viewed from a comprehensive regional perspective. In a series of 22 technical reports (described in the Appendix) the need, feasibility and detailed description of the following Florida Gold Coast transit improvements were documented. The regional perspective enabled the location of rapid transit to accomodate heavy travel demand across the Dade-Broward line. South Palm Beach/North Broward Co. local travel market was considered for dial-a-ride service. Transit from Palm Beach Co. to Broward and Dade is recommended by interfacing express buses with regional rapid transit. KW - Bus transportation KW - Coasts KW - Development KW - Express buses KW - Florida KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transit buses KW - Transportation development KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090189 AU - Priver, A S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURVEY OF PRT VEHICLE MANAGEMENT ALGORITHMS PY - 1974/09 SP - 100 p. AB - The document summarizes the results of a literature survey of state of the art vehicle management algorithms applicable to Personal Rapid Transit Systems(PRT). The surveyed vehicle management algorithms are organized into a set of five major component subcategories: network routing, merge control, empty vehicle management, station management, and blocked segment management. The classification scheme enables the comparison and description of algorithms in common terms. One intent of the survey was to form a data base for system designers and users. Another intent was to use the results of the survey to aid in designing a simulation model to evaluate and develop PRT vehicle management algorithms. KW - Algorithms KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Bibliographies KW - Classification KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Dispatching KW - Management KW - Merging control KW - Merging control system KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reviews KW - Route choice KW - Routing KW - Simulation KW - State of the art KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133112 AU - Lin, F B AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STRATEGY FOR THE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WITH MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSEQUENCES PY - 1974/09 SP - 174 p. AB - This report undertakes two interrelated efforts: (1) the examination of the validity of existing evaluation techniques potentially suitable for dealing with the problems involving multidimensional consequences of urban transportation systems; and (2) the development of an evaluation model in the context of additive utilities for unifying value judgements in search of the best alternative transportation plan. Four basic evaluation models are identified for comparative analysis. The focus of the analysis is on the theoretical soundness of the models and on the sensitivities of the models with respect to the number of alternatives encountered, to the distribution of outcome states, and to the addition or the reduction of the number of alternatives from the original set. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Correlation analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - Probability density functions KW - Ranking KW - Ranking (Statistics) KW - Sensitivity KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090103 AU - Kurzweil, L G AU - LOTZ, R AU - Apgar, E G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT AND ABATEMENT IN RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. REPORT ON THE MBTA PILOT STUDY PY - 1974/09 SP - 116 p. AB - A methodology is described for assessing the noise climate and for selecting the combination of abatement techniques which reduces the existing noise to user specified levels for minimum cost. This methodology, developed in a pilot study of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) rapid transit lines, takes into account the large number of interrelated acoustic and economic considerations present in rail transit systems. Noise sources include several types of wheel-rail noise, propulsion, power pick-up, auxiliary equipment and braking noise. Noise propagation paths include airborne and structure-borne components establishing both direct and reverberant sound fields in tunnels, stations, transit cars, and communities. In the pilot application to the MBTA, minimum-cost noise control options were determined for noise level goals in the range 75 to 90 dBA. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Analysis KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Estimates KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Methodology KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Noise sources KW - Noise standards KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Standards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23542 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00072794 AU - PRAUSE, R H AU - Pestel, H C AU - Melvin, R H AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories TI - A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF RAIL TRACK STRUCTURES PY - 1974/09 SP - 142 p. AB - This bibliography was prepared as part of the Rail Supporting Technology Program being sponsored by the Rail Programs Branch of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. It is based on the reference material that was used to evaluate the technical factors which govern the design and performance of at-grade track structures for urban rail systems. While most of the reference material that has been included is directly related to track used for railroad, rail rapid transit and light rail transportation, there are some additional references on related topics such as rail vehicle dynamics, soil mechanics, stress analysis, etc. However, this bibliography does not include a comprehensive review of these related topics. This survey includes much of the published literature on track design, track loading, ballast, wood and concrete cross ties, rail and rail fasteners. It also includes considerable material on track problems such as rail wear corrugation, rail defects, rail joints and track degradation. The formal literature search for this bibliography covered the time period from about 1963 to 1973. The principal sources were the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) file of government reports, Engineering Index, and the Applied Science and Technology Index. Earlier references were identified from the Railroad Research Information Service (RRIS) computerized data base and bibliographies prepared by the RRIS and the Association of American Railroads. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Bibliographies KW - Defects KW - Fastenings KW - Loads KW - Noise KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail joints KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Soil mechanics KW - Structural design KW - Track design KW - Track loading KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093469 AU - Hoppe, C F AU - Cleveland Transit System AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE WABCO AC PROPULSION SYSTEM. VOLUME 2. RELATED REPORTS AND EXHIBITS PY - 1974/09 SP - 301 p. AB - In 1971, the Cleveland Transit System received a grant contract from UMTA to test, demonstrate, and evaluate a WABCO solid state AC propulsion system on three rapid transit cars (Project OH-06-0006). The independent evaluation was performed by Transportation and Environmental Operations, TRW, Inc. Redondo Beach, Calif. This is the final project report. Measurements of wheel wear, window safety glazing, ride quality, and passenger reaction to the restyled car interiors and new AC propulsion system are discussed. Contents of this report are: experimental design description for the CTS/WABCO AC propulsion demonstration program; instrumentation assessment, AC propulsion project; life cycle cost analysis plan for the Cleveland Transit System AC propelled cars; passenger reaction to AC propelled restyled rapid transit cars; evaluation of safety glazing; survey of Cleveland Transit System rapid transit maintenance procedures and facilities; and, telephone influence factor measurements. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Cost engineering KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electronic controllers KW - Expansive clays KW - Experimental design KW - Influence factors KW - Instrumentation KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Ohio KW - Passenger comfort KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Pulse duration modulation KW - Pulse modulated control KW - Pulse modulation KW - Pulse time modulation KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Riding qualities KW - Solid state controls KW - Solid state devices KW - Telephone influence factors KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00125322 AU - Hullender, D A AU - Bortley, T M AU - University of Texas, Arlington TI - GUIDEWAY ROUGHNESS AS RELATED TO DESIGN TOLERANCES AND PROFILE CONSTRAINTS PY - 1974/09 SP - 64 p. AB - The design and construction of a guideway for ground transportation involves compromises between the desired smoothness and the necessary sacrifices in regard to expense and time to achieve it. The degree of natural terrain alteration by means of filling or leveling must be considered during the design of the desired profile in addition to the necessary layout and alignment accuracy of the guideway during actual construction. This report addresses the subject of guideway roughness as related to design and construction tolerances and constraints. The approach is to calculate the power spectral densities (PSD) associated with constrained natural terrain irregularities and construction inaccuracies. Both an analytical approach resulting in equations for PSD and a numerical approach calculating PSD based on the fast Fourier transform are used. Guidelines are established for constraining the profile relative elevation variations during the initial planning and layout of the desired profile. The degree of degradation in smoothness resulting from random surveying, measurement, and alignment errors during the actual construction is determined. /UMTA/ KW - Alignment KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Equations KW - Fourier transforms KW - Guidelines KW - Guideways KW - Numerical analysis KW - Power spectra KW - Profiles KW - Riding qualities KW - Roughness KW - Tolerances KW - Tolerances (Engineering) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095364 AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission TI - PHILADELPHIA CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PARKING RATE EXPERIMENT PY - 1974/09 AB - This project is designed to investigate public response to an experimental rate structure of an off-street parking facility which would provide a short-term (non-commuter) parker with a marked rate advantage so as to stimulate transient-type activity at the expense of the all-day (commuter) parker. The purpose of the project was to maximize use of transportation related facilities with a relative minimum expenditure of capital. KW - Central business districts KW - Energy KW - Off street parking KW - Parking duration KW - Public opinion KW - Rates KW - Short term KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081011 AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission TI - PHILADELPHIA CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PARKING RATE EXPERIMENT PY - 1974/09 SP - 40 p. AB - The Philadelphia Central Business District (CBD) Parking Rate Experiment is one of the elements of DOT's Urban Corridor Demonstration Program. The Program's purpose is to maximize the use of transportation related facilities with a relative minimum expenditure of capital. This particular project was designed to investigate public response to an experimental rate structure of an off-street parking facility. This would provide the short-term (non-commuter) parker with a marked rate advantage so as to stimulate transient-type activity at the expense of the all-day (commuter) parker. Additionally, this project demonstrated the capability of the proposed rate structure to act as a mechanism for increasing the turnover rate (utilization) of such a facility. Data collected for the period Jan. '70 to Oct. '73 was evaluated to determine how natural rate changes affected the general parking behavior. Two garages were chosen for this analysis on the basis of their different locations within the Phila. CBD. A sensitivity analysis was conducted. According to the authors, changes made in the rate structures showed that the objectives of the experiment were accomplished. Rates favored the short-term parker while long-termers have shown decreased usage over most periods. Turnover rates have increased thereby requiring potentially less new parking space construction. The economic viability of both facilities was maintained; both garages showed growth in gross revenue. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Off street parking KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Public opinion KW - Rates KW - Turnover UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133443 AU - Trygar, T A AU - Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh AU - National Science Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TWO STOCHASTIC SIMULATORS FOR TESTING FIXED ROUTE AND DEMAND ACTUATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ROUTING AND SCHEDULING POLICIES PY - 1974/08/31 SP - 329 p. AB - Stochastic models for both fixed route and demand actuated transportation systems were developed in this dissertation. Event driven simulators based on these models were constructed and their operation verified. Several example simulations studies were performed. The fixed route transportation system model developed describes the movement of buses over a specified route, the generation of riders for the buses and the boarding and alighting of passengers at the various stops on the route. A computer program which simulates the operation of the model was written and its operation verified by hand checking its operation as the program processed a large number of events and by constructing the program so that it monitors the self-consistency of its operation. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Digital simulation KW - Fixed routes KW - Mathematical models KW - Routes KW - Simulation KW - Stochastic processes KW - Systems engineering KW - Theses KW - Training simulators KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094125 AU - Erikson, G AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELLING RAPID TRANSIT TO THE VOTERS, THE LOS ANGELES EXPERIENCE PY - 1974/08 SP - 36 p. AB - In 1968, an attempt was made to sell a sales tax and bond issue proposal to the voters of Los Angeles, California, for an 89 mile rapid transit system (Proposition A). The attempt failed to reach the required voter approval of 60% and even failed to achieve a simple majority. This report is an examination of that effort to learn what can be gained from the experience. The report includes a brief history of the various groups that preceded the final citizens group which undertook the promotion on behalf of the proposition. The report focuses on efforts to publicize the issue including actual sales techniques, the raising of funds, the separate roles of the transit district and citizen group, the opposition encountered, efforts to counteract specific opposition, and some retrospective insights as to why the issue ultimately lost at the ballot. KW - California KW - City planning KW - Communication KW - Communication systems KW - Communities KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Marketing KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public opinion KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Taxation KW - Taxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080433 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Bhatt, K U AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES ON THE OPERATION OF SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICES PY - 1974/08 SP - 76 p. AB - The report deals with the planning, organization, and operation of specialized bus services, termed subscription, which are tailored to serve urban travelers who agree to patronize them on a regular basis. Based on ten detailed case studies of such services, the report develops guidelines on identifying and informing potential riders, obtaining vehicles and drivers, meeting regulatory requirements, setting routes, schedules, and fares, and obtaining special privileges such as the use of express lanes and close-in parking. The report concludes with a discussion of the potential impacts of these services on the congestion, pollution, and fuel consumption associated with urban travel. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080213 AU - Buckley, R F AU - Carlson, Rodrigo Castelan AU - Jucker, J V AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN AUTOMATIC CREDIT CARD FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM PY - 1974/08 SP - 64 p. AB - The concept of an automatic fare collection system that accepts bank credit cards for payment of fares is examined. The fare collection system is composed of two major sub-systems. The on-vehicle system includes all fare-related activities conducted inside the vehicle. The off-vehicle system is all fare-related activities that are separated from user transactions in the vehicle, by time and space. There are four areas of interest in the design of the off-vehicle system. The fare structure of the transit system is one determining factor in the system design. The needs of management for data, in addition to that required for computation of user fares, is also an important consideration. The data processing system uses data inputs from the on-vehicle system to generate management reports. Lastly, billing involves the generation of billing information on magnetic computer tapes which are then delivered to the respective banks for customer billing. Various possible configurations of on-vehicle hardware are studied. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fares KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Revenues KW - Ticketing KW - Ticketing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264711 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Bhatt, K U AU - Urban Institute TI - GUIDELINES ON THE OPERATION OF SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICES SN - DC-06-0093 PY - 1974/08 SP - 75 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide guidelines on the planning, organization, and operation of subscription bus services. The report deals with identifying potential riders; obtaining vehicles and drivers; meeting regulatory requirements; setting routes, schedules and fares; revising routes and schedules as demand changes; and obtaining special privileges such as the use of express lanes, priority movement at intersections, and close-in parking. The term "subscription" has been applied to a variety of specialized bus services tailored to serve urban travelers who patronize them on a regular basis, usually for their daily trips to and from work. This report concentrates on services provided by large buses. Guidelines are presented which are critical to the successful operation of subscription bus services. These guidelines are based on detailed case studies of subscription services in Wentzville, MO; Fredericksburg, VA; Huntington Beach, CA; Reston, VA; the San Francisco Mid-Peninsula; Gaithersburg, MD; Los Angeles, CA; Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District "Commute Clubs"; Flint, MI; and Peoria, IL. The report concludes with a discussion of the potential impacts of subscription services on the congestion, pollution and fuel consumption associated with urban travel. A glossary and a bibliography are furnished. KW - Driver selection KW - Drivers KW - Fares KW - Guidelines KW - Labor unions KW - Organization KW - Planning KW - Ridership KW - Route choice KW - Scheduling KW - Selection and appointment KW - Subscription bus service KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080217 AU - Wood, P AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT TRAINING NEEDS. VOLUME V. RAILCAR REPAIRMAN TRAINING NEEDS PY - 1974/08 SP - 53 p. AB - The report is the fifth of a five-volume series summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study of urban mass transit training needs. This volume is devoted to the railcar repairman. About half of the training is generalized enough to allow a standardized training course to be developed. An outline of such a course, and sources of training material which would be included are presented. One conclusion is that because of the financial difficulties of the mass transit industry, it is recommended that implementation be delayed until funds become available to cover the costs of training. KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Passenger car servicing facilities KW - Personnel development KW - Rapid transit KW - Service stations KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143194 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority TI - SCHOOL/REGULAR ROUTE COORDINATION SERVICE PY - 1974/08 SP - 58 p. AB - The study demonstrates, both operationally and financially, the feasibility of expanding routes in suburban regions of Erie County, Pennsylvania, through coordinated school/regular route bus service. The initial phase of this report contains a review of school transportation laws and existing transportation services in the County including those provided by the Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority (EMTA), the school districts and private carriers. This review indicates the feasibility of the school/regular route coordinated service concept. Two corridors in the County were chosen and three joint-use routes were defined which expand EMTA regular route service to about 20,000 residents in Erie County who at present have no transit service available. About 430 students from three School Districts would be served by the coordinated school/public transit routes. Finances of the project are discussed as well as fleet size and manpower quotas. KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Laws KW - Pennsylvania KW - Regional planning KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - School buses KW - Schools KW - Students KW - Suburbs KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092216 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME I. COMPONENT TESTING PY - 1974/08 SP - 291 p. AB - The Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program is an integrated development program directed toward improving high speed, frequent-stop urban rail systems. The overall objective is to enhance the attractiveness of rail transportation to the urban traveler by providing service that is as comfortable, reliable, safe and economical as possible. The objective of the State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) is to demonstrate the best state-of-the-art in rapid rail car design, with two improved cars using existing proven technology. Primary goals for the cars are passenger convenience and operating efficiency. This document, Volume 1 of the SOAC Final Test Report, presents the test results of the component testing of the State-of-the-Art car. The purpose of these tests was to show compliance with the SOAC Detail Specification (NTIS PB-225 934). All component tests were conducted by the supplier of the applicable subsystems. An introduction, test procedures and results, and conclusions are presented. Appendices are titled: Propulsion, Dynamic Braking and Auxiliary Power Equipment; Truck Frame; Truck Bolster; Windshield; Seat Strength; and Materials - Fire Resistance. KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Design KW - Development KW - Documents KW - Engines KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Materials KW - Motors KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Seats KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092215 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORTS PY - 1974/08 SP - 833 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136916 AU - Grand Rapids City Demonstration Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Ford Motor Company TI - THE GRAND RAPIDS DIAL-A-RIDE. A DEMAND RESPONSIVE COMMUNITY SERVICE TRANSPORTATION PROJECT PY - 1974/08 SP - 118 p. AB - This is the final report of a demonstration project, conducted in Grand Rapids, Michigan, from June 1971 through August 1974. The purpose of the project was to develop a demand-responsive public transportation system which would supplement the existing fixed-route, fixed-schedule transit operations. The system was primarily oriented to the inner-city poor and elderly residents and their needs for travel to jobs, health and social service facilities, and cultural and recreational activities. The chapters of the report are: introduction; operating plan summary; dispatching and evaluation design; operations and training; interim results from summer operation; final results from 13 month full operation; and conclusions. Appendices are 'Transportation Inventory Survey of the Grand Rapids Model Neighborhood' and 'Model Cities Evaluation Report.' KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Communities KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Fixed routes KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Michigan KW - Minorities KW - Neighborhoods KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Recreational facilities KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090164 AU - Levinsohn, D M AU - McQueen, J T AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING AUTOMOBILE FUEL CONSUMPTION ON CONGESTED URBAN ROADS PY - 1974/08 SP - 20 p. AB - An estimated procedure is proposed that is designed to be particularly sensitive to automobile fuel consumption in congested, peak hour traffic. This procedure is based upon vehicle attributes and roadway operating conditions. Vehicles are classified by weight and model year. The proposed roadway classifications are expressway, arterial, and local street. For each vehicle type category, base fuel consumption rates are determined. These base consumption rates are then modified by adjustment factors which reflect the roadway operating conditions. The rates are multiplied by the vehicle miles of each vehicle category and summed over all categories to compute the total fuel consumption on the road under analysis. An example application of the procedure including sensitivity analyses is presented. KW - Automobile engines KW - Automobile makes KW - Automobiles KW - Automotive engineering KW - Design KW - Energy KW - Environment KW - Estimating KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gasoline KW - Rolling friction KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081901 AU - Adams AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TWO FEDERALLY-ASSISTED DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1974/08 SP - 126 p. AB - This report is an analysis of two demonstration projects. Demonstration projects resulted from the passage of the Housing Act of 1961 which marked the beginning of the Federal government's role in providing funds to aid urban areas in solving their transportation problems. One of the demonstration projects examined was undertaken by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Compact (SEPACT) from October 1962 to October 1965; and the other by the Mass Transportation Commission of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (MTC) from December 1962 to March 1964. Both projects provided data for the purpose of predicting the effects on ridership levels of various changes in fares and frequencies. Both projects were analyzed from regional and national viewpoints. It was determined what could be learned from these projects and what could have been done to obtain more information that might have increased their worth to both the Federal government and the local area. It should be recognized that while other modes were included in the demonstrations, only commuter rail experiments (which comprised the largest group) were considered for the purpose of analysis in order to limit the size of the study. Appendices contain the letter to B&M's passengers and an excerpt from the Housing Act of 1961. A selected bibliography is furnished and there is a list of those contacted for the structured interviews and telephone conversations. KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Needs assessment KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081012 AU - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District TI - COORDINATED BUS STUDY PY - 1974/08 SP - 91 p. AB - Purpose of this report, a summary of 3 individual consultant studies, was to analyze the need for local and feeder transit services in the East Bay communities of Contra Costa County, Livermore-Amador Valley, and the Tri-Cities of Fremont, Newark, and Union City, California. These 3 areas are inside the BART District but outside of the service area of the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). In each of the 3 study areas, similar findings and recommendations were made. Recommendations include: transit service along the major corridors should be developed and expanded; local service by itself would not significantly reduce the dominance of the auto; and local transit should be provided to serve the limited mobility population. Feeder and local services were recommended. These systems proposed include conventional bus routes, flexibly routed buses and demand activated bused (dial-a-bus). In addition to dial-a-bus services in the Contra Costa study area, electrically powered, publicly owned automobiles (PAS) were recommended for development. Report also provides an overview of the Bay Area setting for these studies, reviews need for transit, summarizes recommendations regarding transit alternatives, gives a brief overview of impacts of transit alternatives, and describes the implementation procedures, including the institutional, financial, and management arrangements. Maps, charts, tables, illustrations and appendices are included. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Financing KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Management KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080228 AU - Thrasher, E J AU - Wood, P AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT TRAINING NEEDS. VOLUME IV. BUS MECHANIC TRAINING PROGRAM. BUS MECHANIC INSTRUCTOR TRAINING PROGRAM PY - 1974/08 SP - 117 p. AB - The report is the fourth of a five-volume series summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study of urban mass transit training needs. The training of mechanics and mechanic instructors is described in this volume. An outline of a general training program containing ten independent modules is presented, together with sources of material for use in the course. One conclusion reached is that because of the financial difficulties of the mass transit industry, it is recommended that implementation be delayed until funds become available to cover the cost of training. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264628 AU - Ligaraj, B P AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Sinha, K C AU - Marquette University TI - AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR DETERMINING HEADWAYS FOR TRANSIT ROUTES PY - 1974/08 SP - 23 p. AB - This report concentrates on the problem of headway determination, the first step in the scheduling process of transit service. The objective of the report is to develop a practical procedure for determining optimal headways, recognizing all of the relevant factors. Based on an optimization approach, a chance constrained programming model is developed. The scope of using vehicles of different sizes and operating costs is built into the model which attempts to minimize the total operating cost. The uncertainty associated with demand forecasts is expressed as a chance constraint that specifies the desired level of reliability with respect to the satisfaction of demand. The model also includes a constraint related to the management policy regarding the minimum service to be provided on a transit route. The deterministic equivalent of the model is solved by linear programming. Its application is demonstrated with an example problem. The authors conclude that the model is simple in concept, practical, and the procedure is applicable to both conventional bus and rapid transit systems. The input data are realistic and usually available or can be obtained without any difficulty. Although this model does not actually schedule vehicles, its results are used in developing headway tables and subsequently vehicle and operator assignments. KW - Heat balance KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operating costs KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195948 AU - Faddick, R R AU - Martin, J W AU - Colorado School of Mines TI - PNEUMATIC-HYDRAULIC MATERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS SN - MA-06-0025 PY - 1974/08 SP - 151 p. AB - The objective of this study is to advance the technology of tunnel excavation by analyzing the application of pneumatic and slurry pipelines for increasing the rate of muck removal from the tunnel face. A computer simulation was used to analyze the cost-performance of the pipeline transportation system. This report discusses the results of a two-phase study on rapid excavation. The first phase aims to model the performance of the proposed transport system so that parametric analyses can be performed to determine the applicability of the system and, the second phase aims to model the cost-performance of the system in which grinding at the face by the tunnel-boring machine is minimized while the cutter wear life is maximized. A crushing circuit is provided for the much to reduce the energy requirements for pipeline transportation, both pneumatically and hydraulically. The pneumatic pipeline provides the necessary extensibility by telescoping pipe to convey the muck from the advancing tunneling machine to the stationary high capacity slurry pipeline for rapid long distance transportation. The system concept is based entirely on commercially available equipment with minimum modifications necessary to adapt it to tunnel geometry. Unit transportation costs for several system designs are also discussed herein. /UMTA/ KW - Construction KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Hydraulics KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic devices KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Simulation KW - Slurry trench construction KW - Slurry trenches KW - Structural design KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel hydraulics KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092024 AU - Walbridge, E W AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PER PASSENGER-MILE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS FOR SUBURBAN COMMUTER SERVICE DIESEL TRAINS PY - 1974/08 SP - 65 p. AB - Results presented in this report are based on data obtained from Chicago, Illinois' three diesel commuter railroads. Operations and equipment are described, particularly in terms of energy consumption and pollutant production. Service characteristics, such as average occupancy and average trip distance, and energy consumption results are presented and discussed. KW - Air pollution KW - Analysis KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Commuter service KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Diesel locomotives KW - Electric power demand KW - Electric power supply KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Fuel consumption KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095361 AU - Rohr Industries, Incorporated TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1974/08 AB - This report consists of the Phase I Concept Definition program of the Dual Mode Transit System Program which entailed anlaysis of system requirements, development of candidate concepts and performance of trade-offs leading to logical selection of cost-effective system concepts. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Concepts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Energy KW - Innovation KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084751 AU - ROBESON, J F AU - CADOTTE, E R AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF CONSTRUCTING AND OPERATING AN URBAN GOODS CONSOLIDATION TERMINAL - PART 2 SN - OH-11-0001 PY - 1974/08 SP - 165 p. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the cost of an urban goods small shipment consolidation terminal for Columbus, Ohio. These costs are compared against the potential economic and social benefits which would be realized by the adoption of the consolidation terminal concept for the pick-up and delivery of small shipments in the Columbus CBD. More specifically, the study deals with: (1) the investment requirements for the initial structure of the terminal and its materials handling systems; (2) the timing and size of future investments in the terminal's structure and/or materials handling system; and (3) the terminal's operating expenses throughout the terminal's planning horizon. The answer to each of the above questions is dependent upon the design of the urban consolidation terminal. Depending upon the level of automation, alternate terminal designs require different investments in construction, materials handling equipment and manpower. Therefore the above questions are investigated in terms of four alternate terminal designs. In the order of decreasing materials handling automation, the four facility designs studied are: a tilt-slat sorting conveyor, a towveyor with non-powered bump-off spurs, a towveyor without spurs, and a manual four wheel cart system. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Flatness KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Investments KW - Materials management KW - Operating costs KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264713 AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Makowski, G C AU - Sinha, K C AU - Marquette University TI - RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORIGIN-DESTINATION SURVEYS AND DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL SAMPLE SIZE PY - 1974/08 SP - 36 p. AB - This report investigated the sample size requirements for specific levels of reliability at both trip distribution and traffic assignment stages, and also examined the concepts of individual and simultaneous reliability. The sample size of origin-destination (O-D) surveys in urban areas is usually based on guidelines recommended by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The FHWA sample sizes, however, are not explicitly related to the reliability of either the trip interchange values or the assigned link volumes that are the basic indices of travel demand. Investigations revealed that the reliability at the trip distribution stage is most appropriate for deriving an optimal sample size due to its simplicity and because the non-route specific desire lines, directly related to O-D data, are the fundamental basis of transportation planning. Alternative ways of expressing the accuracy of trip interchange values were examined and it was concluded that the error at the trip generation stage should be expressed in terms of an absolute amount instead of on a percentage basis. The recommended formula for optimal sample size based on the simultaneous reliability of all zone to zone trip interchange values is presented. A sensitivity analysis was performed to show relationship of areawide sample size with various independent variables. Comparison with FHWA sample sizes was made. The recommended formula was considered conservative in estimating sample sizes but in most practical cases with a large number of traffic zones, the sample size derived with the formula would be adequate for the specified level of reliability. KW - Formulas KW - Origin and destination KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Reliability KW - Sample size KW - Statistical sampling KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092153 AU - Fox, J N AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/07/26 SP - 89 p. AB - The contents include discussion of: Integrating highway and transit plans for the region; Dallas area transit plan; Fort Worth transit plan; Research results on metro area public attitudes; Evaluation of rail rapid transit and express bus service in the urban commuter market; Financing alternatives for urban public transit. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Highway transportation KW - Meetings KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Regions KW - Research KW - Texas KW - Transit industries KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00099692 AU - University of Texas, Arlington TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON REGIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/07/26 SP - 81 p. AB - This report contains the proceedings of the Regional Public Transportation Symposium presented by the Public Transportation Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, on July 26, 1974. Papers presented in this report are as follows: (1) "Integrating Highway and Transit Plans for the Region" by John J. Roark, Director of Transportation, North Central Texas Council of Governments; (2) "Dallas Area Transit Plan" by Rodney W. Kelly, Director of Mass Transit Technical Studies and Assistant Director of Traffic Control, City of Dallas; (3) "Fort Worth Transit Plan" by James R. McMeans, Transportation Planning Engineer, City of Fort Worth; (4) "Research Results on Metro Area Public Attitudes" by John N. Fox, PhD, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington; (5) "Evaluation of Rail Rapid Transit and Express Bus Service in the Urban Commuter Market" by J. Haydeen Boyd, PhD, Director, Economics Division, Motor Vehicle Manufacturing Association, Detroits, Michigan; and (6) "Financing Alternatives for Urban Public Transit" by David R. Miller, PhD, Barton-Aschman Associates, Chicago, Illinois. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Financing KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/27416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093289 AU - Anchorage, City of, Alaska AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF ANCHORAGE DEMONSTRATION TRANSPORTATION GRANT PY - 1974/07 SP - 101 p. AB - The objective of the demonstration project was to develop a fixed route transportation system in an area of limited mass transportation services, the city of Anchorage, Alaska. Groups served by this project include the elderly, handicapped, Indians, Native Eskimos, poor, unemployed, and youth. Several concepts of the demonstration were: (1) Inner-city circulation which would enable transit users to travel between different areas of the city. These routes provided resident access to health, employment, business and social service facilities. (2) Home-to-work and work-to-home services within the area served by the project. The effectiveness and benefits of the operation were measured and evaluated. Elements of the demonstration included: A take-home passenger survey to determine passenger attitudes, trip origins and destinations; a monthly bus pass, at reduced fares; and a shuttle service from a parking lot to the downtown core area. KW - Access KW - Aged KW - Alaska KW - Benefits KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Effectiveness KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Low income groups KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Mobility KW - Origin and destination KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091360 AU - Carlson, Rodrigo Castelan AU - Daetz, D AU - Eschenbach, T G AU - Jones, DLJ AU - Jucker, J V AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR THE HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION PY - 1974/07 SP - 118 p. AB - The overall experimental design was developed as three separate but related experiments that deal with estimation and explanation of ridership, estimation and explanation of costs, and identification and evaluation of benefits. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Market surveys KW - Open mixes KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Transit riders KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00149620 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - STATUS OF THE URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1974/07 SP - 86 p. AB - This review of the accomplishments of the Urban Corriodor Demonstration Program (UCDP) by project type, also compares the similarities and differences of projects in each of the selected cities and documents a preliminary cost-impact evaluation of different improvement techniques. This report also summarizes what has been learned so far about the success or failure of various improvement concepts and discusses the remaining uncertainities. The UCDP projects were subdivided into 3 main groups: improved transit services and facilities, roadway and traffic control improvements, and other projects. Six of the 8 cities implemented some form of new bus service: express buses; expansion of preexisting express bs services; superimposition of new express services; and reorganization of routes and schedules. A variety of roadway and traffic control projects was developed including ones employing innovative preferential bus treatment concepts. A mixture of concepts were also imployed in projects which included enforcement of parking regulations on surface streets, progressive parking raes in off-street facilities etc. KW - Bus transportation KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Impact studies KW - Parking KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation corridors KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263670 AU - Northeastern University AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MOVING WAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1974/07 SP - 313 p. AB - Moving way transportation systems are described as constituting means for massive movement of people in cities and in such places as airports, sprawling university campuses, shopping centers, rapid transit stations and the like, where traffic congestion or considerable walking distances occur. Principal issues affecting the development and implementation of moving way systems in the U.S. and abroad are discussed at this workshop, with a view to exchanging related socio-economic and technical concepts among the participants, while within bounds set by proprietary considerations. Engineering and economic data are presented not only to report prior state-of-the-art which goes back to the 1880's, but also to stimulate aggressive research and development activities in the private and public sectors. Questions of need, safety, financing, public acceptance and implementation of moving way transportation systems are discussed with the development of a regard for the difficult problems that remain to be solved. Optomistic attitudes are discernable, however, in the sense that vigorous action is already underway, contemplated and projected. KW - Airports KW - Cities KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Shopping centers KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093346 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1974/07 SP - 125 p. AB - The report reviews the third year's efforts of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program. The objective of the Program is to enhance the attractiveness of rail rapid transit to the urban traveler by providing him with transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe and economical as possible. Accomplishments for the year ending June 1974 included the following: Completion of the review of BART data; completion of the SOAC test and simulated demonstration programs at the High Speed Ground Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado after repairing the damage to the SOAC cars resulting from a collision with a standing car on August 11, 1973; completion of SOAC demonstration runs on the NYCTA lines. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Commuter cars KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Ride quality KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29945 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263361 AU - Mitre Corporation TI - HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE THIRD PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1974/07 SP - 68 p. AB - The Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride Demonstration Project is one of more than 40 demand-responsive transportation systems currently being used throughout the world. The prime objective of this particular project is to obtain accurate and reliable data for evaluation of the Dial-A-Ride concept. This third progress report delineates project direction during Phase II, beginning February 1, 1973 and ending January 31, 1974. It details ridership trends, vehicle productivity, service quality, revenues, and costs of operation. The report includes a quantity of graphs, charts, and tables that show the effects of service-area expansion, fare reduction, fleet expansion and service innovation. The main objectives of the Project for the period covered by this report were to: (1) determine achievable performance maxima for the Haddonfield manually scheduled Dial-A-Ride system: (2) determine when the manually scheduled system should be abandoned in favor of computer scheduling; (3) develop the system constants required to implement a computer-based scheduling function; and (4) simultaneously expand the service areas and introduce new system concepts while maintaining or improving service quality. To meet these objects, the following changes were made: two service area expansions, addition of six 10-passenger buses, inauguration of a shuttle service and a basic and senior citizen fare reduction. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Information processing KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Service KW - Shuttle service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263363 AU - Thrasher, E J AU - Mitre Corporation TI - MASS TRANSIT TRAINING NEEDS--VOLUME III. BUS OPERATOR TRAINING PROGRAM, BUS OPERATOR INSTRUCTOR TRAINING PROGRAM SN - VA-06-0004 PY - 1974/07 SP - 182 p. AB - This is the third of a five-volume series summarizing the finding, conclusions, and recommendations of a study of urban mass transit training needs. This study includes a detailed analysis of the training requirements; a discussion of the availability of training programs to meet the needs of the industry; an outline of supplementary material needed to bring training programs up to an acceptable standard; and proposals for programs to upgrade the standard of training as it currently exists. This volume is devoted to bus operators and bus operator instructors. A recommended standardized course for bus operators is presented, together with sources of suitable training materials. One significant conclusion reached is that it is considered that existing sources of training are adequate to meet the needs of operator instructors. /UMTA/ KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus transportation KW - Driving instructors KW - Instructors KW - Methodology KW - Programs KW - Public transit KW - Standards KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081010 AU - Arrilloga, B AU - Mitre Corporation TI - SOCIOECONOMIC AND TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAL-A-RIDE USERS SN - VA-06-0012 PY - 1974/07 SP - 44 p. AB - Ten socioeconomic characteristics of the average daily users of the Dial-A-Ride system in Haddonfield, New Jersey have been obtained and compared with the characteristics of the residents of the entire service area. Five questions were asked on the trip characteristics, including frequency of Dial-A-Ride use during the week and weekend, trip purpose, trip distance, and the usual means of transportation. Ratings and rankings of seven Dial-A-Ride system characteristics were obtained using a seven-part semantic scale. This information was obtained by means of two on-board surveys that were conducted on 10 July 1973 and 18 September 1973 by employees of The MITRE Corporation. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Paratransit services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084752 AU - ROBESON, J F AU - MCDERMOTT, D R AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY OF AN URBAN GOODS CONSOLIDATION TERMINAL, PART I SN - OH-11-0001 PY - 1974/07 SP - 152 p. AB - The scope of the UMTA/OSU study includes an examination of general freight pick-up and delivery shipments ranging from one to 5000 lbs. Flowing into and out of the Columbus, Ohio Central Business District (CBD) performed by private and for-hire carriers stationed outside the CBD. Excluded from the study scope were organizations that specialize in small shipment distribution, namely the Postal Service, United Parcel Service, and Railway Express Agency. This study examines the impact that routing the measured daily demand through a consolidated terminal would have on traffic flows in the CBD. The experimental technique of simulation was used to make this determination. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Consolidations KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Routing KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182058 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1974/06/30 SP - 163 p. AB - The purpose of the Urban Mass Transportation's RD&D Program is to provide information about possible improvements to urban mass transportation systems which communities can use in selecting the best way to deal with their particular transportation requirements. The principal means of providing this information is to publish annually a compilation of reports on the status of UMTA's projects. Research projects are intended to produce information about possible improvements in urban mass transportation; development projects involve fabrication, testing and evaluation of new equipment, facilities, systems or methods; and demonstration projects introduce, on an experimental basis, new methods, equipment or systems of urban mass transportation into a representative urban environment. This publication is a supplement to the 1972 comprehensive volume, and contains updated descriptions of research, development and demonstration projects initiated, active or completed in FY 74. The directory is divided into the following subject areas: bus transit, rail transit, new systems and automation, special projects, transit planning, and transit management. KW - Automation KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Facilities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - State government KW - Systems analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136986 AU - BATA, A F AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF THE 1972 TRENTON, NEW JERSEY BUS STRIKE ON THE MODAL CHOICE OF THE COMMUTERS PY - 1974/06 SP - 120 p. AB - The drivers of the Transport of New Jersey (TNJ) Bus Company declared a strike against their employer in 1972 for seventy-five days, leaving about 350,000 daily riders with the problem for finding alternate modes of transportation. The objectives of this report are to establish 'what happened' in modal use during the strike-related periods and to attempt to identify how location and passenger characteristics may or may not affect such strike-related modal use changes. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Commuters KW - Economic impacts KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - New Jersey KW - Passenger transportation KW - Strikes KW - Theses KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090472 AU - Stern, M AU - Jones, T AU - International Research and Development Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Technology Incorporated TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. APPENDIX F: THE INTERACTION OF DMTS DEMAND AND SERVICE LEVELS PY - 1974/06 SP - 171 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to determine likely demand for and operational strategies of the Dual Mode Transit System when implanted in a realistic urban environment. Various large U.S. cities were investigated and the Washington, D.C. and Houston metropolitan areas were chosen as most suitable. A computerized model was built to simulate trip generation, trip distribution and modal split for any urban area subdivided into a manageable number of zones (20-100). Required input consists of travel time matrices for conventional and DMTS modes, as well as economic and demographic information about each zone. Demand for the DMTS was simulated by trip purpose and time of day. Station and link loads were calculated. Likely service strategy options were identified for different times of day, various trip purposes, and various locations. KW - Buses KW - Centrol city KW - Command guidance KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Simulation KW - Suburbs KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090453 AU - Transportation Technology Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. PHASE I PY - 1974/06 SP - 462 p. AB - The report describes a dual mode transit system, demonstrates the rationale for design and presents a summary of activities undertaken to develop the system. It documents results of research which combines a demand-activated, high-speed system using pallet transporters that move on a guideway with a feeder bus system that retains flexibility through the use of dial-a-ride. Chapters include discussion of user scenarios, command, control and communication system, malfunction detection, on-guideway vehicle longitudinal and lateral control, vehicle, guideway, system capacity and future expansion, stations, maintenance, environmental impact, safety, reliability, maintainability, availability, and a cost analysis summary. KW - Buses KW - Command guidance KW - Communication systems KW - Control KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Equipment KW - Feeder buses KW - Pallets KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Transportation equipment industry KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090471 AU - System Development Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. APPENDIX A-E PY - 1974/06 SP - 48 p. AB - This volume contains the following information: applicable documents; lists of abbreviations; chassis structure calculations; determination of ratio of buses to transporter required for DMTS; bid specifications - Mercedes Benz diesel bus model 0309D. KW - Buses KW - Command guidance KW - Control KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Equipment KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Transportation equipment industry KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090473 AU - System Development Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Technology Incorporated TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM. APPENDIX G: PASSENGER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY STUDY PY - 1974/06 SP - 149 p. AB - This volume contains the following information: system overview; vehicle management strategies; O & D sce demand generation; trip origination; fare collection; transfer operations; trip termination; off-guidewa procedures; on-guideway procedures. KW - Buses KW - Control KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Fare collection KW - Fares KW - Flexibility KW - Guideways KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Research KW - Transit riders KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080216 AU - Thrasher, E J AU - Wood, P AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT TRAINING NEEDS. VOLUME II. HISTORY AND METHODOLOGY PY - 1974/06 SP - 104 p. AB - The report is the second volume of a five-volume series summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study of urban mass transit training needs. This volume describes the history and methodology of the program. Statistics relating to transit industry training are derived. KW - Personnel development KW - Rapid transit KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263956 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR NORTHERN KENTUCKY PY - 1974/06 SP - 75 p. AB - After a lengthly history of declning ridership, the Cincinnati, Newport and Covington Transportation Company (the Green Line) gave notice that transit service in Northern Kentucky would be permanently withdrawn on Nov. 4, 1972. In anticipation of the Green Line closure, The Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky (TANK) was created to assume responsibility for providing publicly owned mass transit in the area, subject to voter approval. This study presents an updated five-year transit development program specifically for TANK. The impact that loss of transit service in Northern Kentucky would have is also evaluated. Among the TANK improvements were that: all Green Line routes would continue to be operated, many with more frequent service; service to Cincinnati CBD would be improved by a downtown shuttle bus; and demand-actuated routing (dial-a-bus) would provide better service levels in several areas. Furthermore, a two zone fare system would be instituted and reduced fares would be available for school children and senior citizens. All intra-systems transfers would be free. Program costs are discussed. Figures and table complement the text. Appendices are "Bus Stop Shelter Location" and "1971 Valuation of Cincinnati, Newport and Covington Transportation Company (The Green Line)." KW - Bus transportation KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264035 AU - Navin, FPD AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities TI - DEMAND ACTIVATED TRANSIT PY - 1974/06 SP - 305 p. AB - This report focuses on the problem of estimating the ridership increase experienced when regular fixed-route and fixed-schedule bus systems adopt a Dial-A-Bus policy. The mathematical model used to accomplish such estimation is a modal split model. At the time this study was initiated (Jan. 1971) there were three distinct Dial-A-Bus operations: Columbia, Maryland; Bay Ridges, a suburb of Toronto Ontario, Canada; and Mansfield, Ohio. All three communities had conventional fixed-route and fixed-schedule bus systems prior to the introduction of Dial-A-Bus. A combination of published data, data specific to Dail-A-Bus (DAB) operations, and data collected for 3 surveys were used to develop a modal choice model which explained the transit ridership increases. The model development depended on an understanding of transit operations and the interaction of patrons with the system. The technique used to develop the model was a process of fitting empirical data, from diverse sources, into a relationship which was reasonable from transit operation experience and easy for a transit planner to use. The model was then tested using a stochastic demand process and the Bay Ridges study area. The test showed the applicability of the model for small area transit analysis. The study also established relationships between attitudes held by people toward potential service of DAB. Many attributes of DAB were ranked relative to each other, thus providing insight into DAB operation. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Estimating KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Stochastic processes KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263953 AU - Obinani, F C AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - HOME INTERVIEW UPDATE AND SELECTED OPINION POLL PY - 1974/06 SP - 43 p. AB - During 1963-64, the Tri-State Regional Planning Commission conducted a survey of households in a 1 percent random sample of occupied housing units and other special dwelling places in the New York metropolitan region to determine travel habits. Data obtained from the survey have subsequently been used to develop travel forecasts and plans for highways and transit. The 1972-3 home interview update conducted in Brooklyn was undertaken primarily to test the cost and reliability of updating key data items in the 1963-4 estimates. Three methods of data collection, all based on at least one face-to-face contact between an interviewer and a respondent member of a household, were used in the update survey. A qualitative measure of the overall stability of trip generation rates between 1963 and 1972 was provided using simple cross-classification analysis. Total person or household trips were cross-classified by the number of automobiles available (owned) by the household, structure size and household size. In general, the relationships between the independent and dependent trip generation variables were invariant over the two time periods. Chapters of the report include an introduction, findings, estimates from 1972 sample and data collection methods, trip generation rates, analysis of walk trips, analysis of travel behavior and the use of Downtown Brooklyn, and the relative effectiveness of data collection methods. Twenty-five tables are presented. KW - Methodology KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261730 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Bhatt, K U AU - Kemp, M A AU - McGillivary, R G AU - Wohl, M AU - Urban Institute TI - PARA TRANSIT: NEGLECTED OPTIONS FOR URBAN MOBILITY SN - CA-06-0045 PY - 1974/06 SP - 442 p. AB - Increasing concern over pollution, congestion, and fuel consumption accompanying the use of private the auto in urban areas, together with greater emphasis on needs of those without access to autos, has led to major efforts to upgrade scheduled bus and rapid rail transit service in the U. S. cities. Other forms of transportation which are available to the public and use the streets and highways of urban areas, referred to as "para-transit," are now under consideration as transportation alternatives. This study was designed to review the experience to date with para-transit services, to access their potential for servicing urban transportation demand, and to design an RD&D program as needed to identify and demonstrate innovations in the provisions of para-transit services which would be beneficial. Services studies were grouped into 3 categories: (1) "hire and drive" - daily car rentals and forms of short-term car rentals that have been proposed including Minicar and Public Automobile Sytem; (2) "hail or 'phone" - taxi, dial-a-ride, jitney and related services; and (3) pre-arrange ride-sharing - forms of car pool, van pool, and subscription bus services. Four major applications of para-transit services are identified. Chapters include comparative study of para-transit modes, innovations in para-transit regulations and case studies. A para-transit bibliography is furnished. Tables and figures complement the text. A summary of this report is "Para-Transit: A Summary Assessment of Experience and Potential." KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Feeder buses KW - Leasing KW - Minibuses KW - Mobility KW - Motor vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261539 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - A TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN FOR THE CITY OF MERIDIAN, MISSISSIPPI PY - 1974/06 SP - 58 p. AB - The area encompassed by this report is the City of Meridian, Mississippi and its immediate environs. The purposes of the study were: (1) to evaluate the transit operation, make recommendations for service improvements, and identify financial needs (both operating and capital) in the short-term future; and (2) to examine alternative transit ownership and management options available to the city. The first phase of the study was designed to evaluate transit requirements for the next 5 year period and develop appropriate service improvements. The thrust of this phase was to analyze the operation of the Meridian City Lines, including financial status, maintenance facilities, equipment requirements, and bus routes and schedules. The second phase was directed to the future ownership and operation of the bus company. While it had been recognized that transit should become a publicly-operated service, there were several alternative structures for public management. The main segments of the report deal with the aspects of existing transit operations such as fares, public attitude surveys, the immediate action program, public involvement and program development. Tables and figures complement the text. KW - Bus transportation KW - City planning KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136978 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Los Angeles, City of, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR THE EAST/NORTHEAST AND WATTS MODEL CITIES NEIGHBORHOODS PY - 1974/06 SP - 81 p. AB - The report documents the activities and operations of a Demand-Responsive Transportation Project in the East/Northeast and Greater Watts Model Neighborhoods of Los Angeles for the period of May 1, 1973 to April 30, 1974. Included are a chronology of events, a summary of operations, cost and performance data as well as an evaluation of the system performance. The project was undertaken to determine if demand-responsive public transportation, using subscription techniques, could be a successful and important service in supplementing existing fixed bus route operations within an inner city area. The study was to identify socio-economic, urban planning and transportation criteria, which, if successful, could be used in adopting similar dial-a-bus programs on a city or nationwide basis. The following were the program priorities in terms of provision of service: (1) persons requiring access to health and related facilities within the service areas; (2) elderly persons requiring transportation within the area; (3) persons without autos to shopping facilities; (4) youth to facilities and services available under Model programs; and (5) other priorities defined on the basis of project experience. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Inner cities KW - Minorities KW - Neighborhoods KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084749 AU - DeBeer, A M AU - Consortium of Universities TI - FINANCING OPERATING SUBSIDIES FOR URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS: AN ANALYSIS OF STATE AND LOCAL TAX OPTIONS PY - 1974/06 SP - 56 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to analyze the various taxing alternatives open to state and local governments when faced with the problem of covering deficits of their urban mass transit systems. The format of the study is to: (1) outline the financial condition of the urban mass transit industry; (2) present the issue of operating subsidies; (3) present data on the state and local government response; (4) analyze state and local taxes used and not used for financing subsidies; and (5) provide a brief outline of the Federal role in the issue. According to the author, the financial condition of the urban transit industry guarantees that operating deficits will continue and increase at progressive rates. The author finds that state governments rely mainly on retail sales taxes and specific excise taxes to meet operating deficits of the transit industry, while local governments rely mainly on property taxes. By definition these taxes tend to fall primarily upon a class of persons that are supposed to benefit from an urban transit subsidy program. Alternatives to the present taxing mechanisms are presented. Conclusions and recommendations are furnished. A bibliography is included. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - State taxation KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transportation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090022 AU - Lieb, J G AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPARISON OF THE DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM AND VARIOUS OTHER TRANSIT BUS OPTIONS PY - 1974/06 SP - 126 p. AB - The annual costs and level of service of a Dual Mode Transit System (DMTS) are compared with those of Exclusive Busway Bus (EBB), Exclusive Busway Bus with Small Bus Feeder (EBB/SBF), Expressway Bus (EB), and Conventional Bus (CB) systems. Large and small-bus versions are studied. The systems, defined for Milwaukee in 1990, all provide the same capacity and routes. UMTA Milwaukee Dual Mode Study baseline data are used. Trip time and transfer characteristics are used as measures of level of service. Construction of busways and creation of reserved lanes increase vehicle speed that, in turn, increases driver/vehicle productivity and decreases travel time. The use of small buses allows for shorter headways, more privacy, and demand-responsive service. But small-bus operations are not economical unless automated operations are used. Transfers may have an unacceptable effect on EBB/SBF ridership. KW - Analysis KW - Bus lanes KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Transit riders KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090032 AU - Arrillaga, B AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOCIOECONOMIC AND TRAVELING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIAL-A-RIDE USERS PY - 1974/06 SP - 47 p. AB - Ten socioeconomic characteristics of the average daily users of the Dial-A-Ride system in Haddonfield, New Jersey have been obtained and compared with the characteristics of the residents of the entire service area. Five questions were asked on the trip characteristics, including frequency of Dial-A-Ride use during the week and weekend, trip purpose, trip distance, and the usual means of transportation. Ratings and rankings of seven Dial-A-Ride system characteristics were obtained using a seven-part semantic scale. This information was obtained by means of two 1973 on-board surveys. KW - Consumer relations KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083585 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND PY - 1974/06 SP - 206 p. AB - This report documents the work performed and the conclusions reached in the Huntington (NY) Mass Transportation Study. Two broad objectives were established: (1) to identify problems associated with transit services and the local access elements of commuter railroad service in the Town, and to identify alternative opportunities for service improvement; and (2) to develop policy and program directions that would help the town better cope with the weakness of near total reliance on the auto. In the first phase of the study, existing transit services, population, employment, and economic data were collected. About 20 interviews with representatives of potential transit user groups were conducted. Three surveys related to existing and potential transit use were conducted. In the second phase, existing transit services were analyzed, needs for additional transit services were defined, alternative improvements were identified and preliminarily screened, and findings were presented. In the final phase, alternative transit improvements were analyzed in detail and a Transit Development Program was developed and detailed. The program includes 4 categories of services: (1) fixed route services; (2) commuter services; (3) specialized services: and (4) a cooperative taxi program for special user groups. Appendices contain the transit rider, commuter access and potential needs surveys, potential user interviews and preliminary program proposeal. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Employment KW - Fixed routes KW - Interviewing KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082728 AU - Gale, J E AU - Consortium of Universities TI - SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR DETERMINING DIAL-A-RIDE FEASIBILITY IN THE WASHINGTON L'ENFANT AREA SN - DC-1170003 PY - 1974/06 SP - 53 p. AB - Dial-A-Ride (DAR), according to the author, is a viable transportation system for the Washington, D.C. L'Enfant area. The relatively high DAR demand density of the area (average of 50 demands per square mile per hour) suggests that DAR may be more desirable than the present taxi system and should complement existing public transportation by providing feeder service to the fixed route facilities. Completion of the first phase of the METRO subway system will reinforce the DAR feeder system concept. The L'Enfant DAR system size can be estimated from the simulation results reported in this document. A rough estimate of the economic feasibility of the system is possible based on the number of vehicles and cost per trip. Conclusions are based primarily on cost considerations although the utility of a system should also consider aspects such as relief of traffic congestion and improvement of urban environment. This report attempted to identify some of the needs of the area disadvantaged which could be aided by DAR implementation. It was concluded from the high demand density of elderly and handicapped that DAR is necessary and might be initiated solely to support their needs. Even assuming a low modal split for the low income people, enough demand would be generated to make DAR suitable for mobilizing this group to suburban job opportunities. Therefore, indications encourage DAR implementation in the L'Enfant area for use as either a feeder system or as a service to the disadvantaged. /IMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Modal split KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080627 AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments TI - CITIZEN SAFETY AND BUS TRANSIT PY - 1974/06 SP - 99 p. AB - This report investigates all of the major factors which effect the relationships between bus transit, crime and the citizen in the Washington, D.C. area. These factors include: (1) actual reported on-bus incidents; (2) reported incidents that occur at local bus stop intersections and bus stop approaches; (3) incidents observed by bus riders; and (4) attitudes of bus riders and non-riders about bus related personal safety. The report documents the current methods of transit crime reporting and investigates obstacles to the provision of thorough accounting and reporting of transit crimes. Major related issues such as passenger victimization, public perception of transit crime vs. actual reported incidence levels, and prerequisites to maintaining the public confidence are discussed in conjunction with recommendations for agencies involved. /UMTA/ KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Crimes KW - Public interest KW - Public opinion KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Security KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080419 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. DEMAND MODEL SELECTION MANUAL PY - 1974/06 SP - 53 p. AB - The manual describes procedures for selection of demand models used in forecasting urban travel. It was prepared for UMTA under its Software Systems Development Program (SSDP) and is designed as an integral part of the UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS). The purpose of the manual is to instruct the planner on how to develop criteria and formulate hypotheses to guide the selection and testing of demand models in the context of overall travel forecasting process. KW - Passengers KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092403 AU - Clark, J W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEFINING AN URBAN GROWTH STRATEGY WHICH WILL ACHIEVE MAXIMUM TRAVEL DEMAND REDUCTION AND ACCESS OPPORTUNITY ENHANCEMENT PY - 1974/06 SP - 125 p. AB - This report investigated the potential for directing the growth of an urban region so that the evolving urban form contributes to high levels of access opportunity with minimum travel requirements. Measures of total travel, accessibility, and spatial equity were defined for use in the evaluation of alternative urban spatial patterns. A computer-aided investigation determined optimum locations within the urban region for expected growth. Repeated application of a technique for assigning small increments of growth resulted in the definition of a high performance growth path for a 10 to 20 year period. As a case study, the population and employment growth forecast for the 1970-1990 period for the Puget Sound region in Washington state was investigated. KW - Accessibility KW - Availability KW - City planning KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Economic models KW - Employment KW - Employment forecasting KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Labor market KW - Measurement KW - Minimax techniques KW - Optimization KW - Policy KW - Population growth KW - Puget Sound KW - Puget Sound Region KW - Recommendations KW - Supply KW - Traffic distribution KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban growth KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097468 AU - Farr, L AU - Lamoureax, R AU - Rosenthal, P AU - Transportation Technology Incorporated TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM - PHASE I SN - CO-06-0006 PY - 1974/06 SP - 158 p. AB - This report was prepared as a result of work performed under contract to UMTA for the design phase of the three phase Dual Mode Transit System (DMTS) Development Program. The main report describes a system that Transportation Technology, Inc. (TTI) believes to be optimal for the UMTA DMTS program. The purpose of this appendix is to view the DMTS based on the passenger interfaces of: demand generation, trip origination, fare collection, transfer operations, and trip termination. Various passenger interface strategies are evaluated and procedures for off-guideway operations are recommended to maximize passenger service and satisfaction. Functional requirements for fare cards, trip tickets, service request equipment, fare collecting equipment, destination selection equipment and passenger information equipment are presented that can be met using existing technologies. Related TTI reports include: the main report; Appendix A- E which contains applicable documents, list of abbreviation, chassis structure calculations, determination of ratio of buses to transporters required for DMTS, and bid specifications for Mercedes-Benz Diesel Bus Model 0309D; and Appendix F - The Interaction of DMTS Demand and Service Levels. KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Fare collection KW - Interfaces KW - Passenger comfort KW - Technology KW - Transfers KW - Transportation KW - Transportation technology KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080964 AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITIZEN SAFETY AND BUS TRANSIT. A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP IN BETWEEN PERSONAL SAFETY AND BUS TRANSIT USAGE IN THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON AREA PY - 1974/06 SP - 100 p. AB - The report investigates all of the major factors which effect the relationships between bus transit, crime and the citizen in the Washington, D.C. area. These factors include: (1) Actual reported on-bus incidents; (2) reported incidents that occur at local bus stop intersections and bus stop approaches; (3) incidents observed by bus riders; and (4) attitudes of bus riders and non-riders about bus related personal safety. The report documents the current methods of transit crime reporting and investigates obstacles to the provision of thorough accounting and reporting transit crimes. Major related issues such as passenger victimization, public perception of transit crime vs. actual reported incidence levels, and prerequisites to maintaining the public confidence are discussed in conjunction with recommendations for agencies involved. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265486 AU - Hultquist, J F AU - Wilson, E M AU - Stetzer, F AU - ROSS, T J AU - Corn, L AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - PROMOTING OFF-PEAK HOUR BUS RIDERSHIP PY - 1974/06 SP - 36 p. AB - This report builds on previous promotional efforts by experimenting with a new inducement of off-peak bus ridership, using a coupon redeemable for cash. The underlying assumption was that, by tempting people who ordinarily use autos for off-peak hour trips into seeking information on the bus system and then using the bus, it could be demonstrated that the bus is a viable alternative to the auto for many off-peak hour trips. The study took place in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, using two relatively homogeneous, middle-class neighborhoods. Methodology included ridership counts, an on-board survey of ticket users and recordings of the questions asked by ticket users over a special telephone. A follow-up telephone survey determined the reasons why people did not utilize the tickets. It was decided that 2 distinct levels of inducement, $1 and $3, would be used to help detect any different effects the level of inducement may have on utilization of the coupons. Coupons were employed in the following manner: each coupon had the name of the adult members of the household on it; the person must ride and have the coupon validated during specific hours of a specific week; the rider must pay regular fare; and, the second time the coupon was presented, the ticket was collected and the user received the appropriate amount of money. Results of the study showed that no new ridership was generated and overall less than one household in eight even used the coupons. KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Tickets KW - Traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080225 AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM MANHATTAN CBD-NEW JERSEY CORRIDOR. AUTOMATIC BUS IDENTIFICATION PY - 1974/06 SP - 270 p. AB - The purpose of the Automatic Bus Identification Project was fourfold: to evaluate the performance of Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) Systems on buses in normal field operations; to consider the potential benefits of AVI for monitoring bus movements, including non-stop toll collection; to develop methods of coding and numbering that could be used as a standard for AVI systems; and to prepare specifications for an AVI system based on test results. Four manufacturers, all using low power radio frequency technology, participated in the project. The objectives of the project were met by conducting a two-phase test program. The first phase supplied road-side interrogators to monitor bus passage in a closed loop system. Data were transmitted over leased telephone lines to a computer located at a point about midway between the interrogation sites. The second phase was designed to provide a rigorous analysis of the performance of each AVI system. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262563 AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Sinha, K C AU - Marquette University TI - MODE CHOICE ESTIMATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE URBAN AREAS. A CASE FOR BAYESIAN APPROACH PY - 1974/06 SP - 35 p. AB - The success of long range transit studies in small and medium sized urban areas is closely related to the quality and capability of the mode choice models that are used for predicting future transit usage. This report analyzes the traditional approach for model calibration which relies entirely on existing data and finds it inappropriate for developing mode choice models for the smaller citie, particularly those which are expected to change significantly in the future. This report discusses 3 different approaches for mode choice analysis for small and medium sized urban areas. An approach based on the principles of Bayesian statistics is recommended for developing mode choice models. The Bayesian techniques, which explicitly recognize the uncertainty associated with an estimate, can be used to combine information from various sources and also provide the scope of continued surveillance as well as the revision of a model as new information becomes available. The application of the Bayesian approach in developing a mode choice model is demonstrated. References are furnished. KW - Bayes' theorem KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Small cities KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261538 AU - Watkins, E H AU - Dallas Area Rapid Transit TI - ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR USE ON A 25- PASSENGER BUS PY - 1974/06 SP - 187 p. AB - Since the early 1960's the Federal government, mindful that motor vehicles are the major source of air pollution, has developed increasingly stringent vehicle emission standards. In the late '60's Federal and state agencies initiated a series of studies and demonstrations aimed at determining the feasibility of certain alternatives to the internal combustion engine. Studies suggested that the external combustion engine (ECE) could become a workable alternative to the ICE. Although there are several classes of the ECE, the application of modern technology appeared, according to the authors, most promising in the case of the Rankine cycle engine. In early '71, the Dallas Transit System received an UMTA grant to develop and test an ECE engine in a small coach. The objective of the program was to determine the feasibility and access the pollution reduction value of installing and operating an organic rankine cycle propulsion system in a 25-passenger bus. Phase I consisted of system definition, fabrication, systems integration, installation and operational checkout of the Rankine Cycle (ORC) propulsion system consisting of burner heater, turbine engine, regenerator, condenser, etc. The transit bus used was a Twin Coach, model TC-25, manufactured by Highway Products, Inc., Kent, OH. This phase successfully demonstrated the feasibility of installing and operating an ORC engine in an urban bus. Results of Phase IA indicate that the bus meets the '75 Heavy Duty Diesel emission limits. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Emission control systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rankine cycle KW - Rankine engines KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320341 AU - Caruoto, J R AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECT OF FARE REDUCTIONS ON PUBLIC TRANSIT RIDERSHIP, 1974 PY - 1974/05 SP - n.p. AB - Report describing reduced transit fare programs in the US and Canada and their effects on ridership and costs. Data are from information provided by transit systems and from published sources through 1974. Contents: A. Introduction and study methodology, with listing of reduced fare programs in US and Canada, and 2 tables showing passenger travel demand elasticity computations. B. Program descriptions: senior citizen reduced fare programs in 19 cities and reduced base fare programs in 11 cities, with 4 tables showing costs and percent increase in ridership for each program; free fare programs in 4 cities and promotional fare programs in 2 cities. C. Summary and conclusions, with 1 table showing percent increases in ridership due to fare reduction programs. D. Appendix listing of senior citizen reduced fare programs, 1966-73, by city, including date implemented, qualifications and identification requirements, hours of operation, change in ridership, and estimated profit or loss; free fare programs and special reduced fares and procedures for the blind, handicapped, unemployed, and welfare recipients, footnotes and bibliography. Data are from information provided by transit systems and from published sources through 1974. KW - Aged KW - Costs KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Low income groups KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090451 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Los Angeles City Demonstration Agency TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR THE EAST/NORTHEAST AND WATTS MODEL CITIES NEIGHBORHOODS PY - 1974/05 SP - 94 p. AB - The project was designed to demonstrate that a demand-responsive public transportation system using subscription techniques could be a successful and important service in supplementing existing fixed-route bus operations. Service priorities of the program were: (1) Persons requiring access to health and related facilities within the 2 Model Cities service areas; (2) elderly persons requiring transportation within the service area; (3) persons without autos to shopping facilities; (4) youth to Model Cities programs. A fleet of 12-passenger radio-dispatched vans would provide low fare transportation (15 cents). Operating data describing ridership, revenues, travel characteristics, performance of system in terms of wait and travel times are discussed. Funds expended and estimated monthly operating costs are presented. KW - Aged KW - Analysis KW - California KW - Captive riders KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Energy KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Mobility KW - Model Cities Program KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Transit riders KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137423 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF NAPA LOCAL NEEDS AND PLANNING STUDY PY - 1974/05 SP - 147 p. AB - The transit objectives of the city of Napa, California, as defined is this report, are: (1) To increase the transit mobility of all persons, including those especially dependent on transit---the poor, the handicapped, the young and senior citizens; (2) to increase transit service, particularly to the downtown area where most trips converge and to South Napa where many work and school trips converge; (3) to promote transit as a more important factor in achieving an improved environment, and a generally better community in which to live; and (4) to insure that Napa Transit System complements the transportation systems existing and envisioned for the County and Region. The primary goal of this particular study is to design a transit system which meets the transit objectives as stated above. Chapters address data collection, evaluation criteria, three alternatives, evaluation and recommendations, and implementation. System requirements and phasing over five years are discussed. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Level of service KW - Minorities KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145579 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE LOWER PENINSULA AREA OF VIRGINIA PY - 1974/05 SP - 251p-in 2v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00138362 AU - Goldstein, L AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TRAIN CONTROL PY - 1974/05 SP - 187 p. AB - This report represents the completion of project which deals with the economics of rapid transit train control. Information dealing with rapid transit control systems from all parts of the world is used for the development of a computer program to analyze costs of an automatic vs. manual train control system. The Train Control Analysis Program (TCAP) utilizes actual data from a rapid transit operator. This data can be from an existing manual system which is considering automation, or it may be a system in the planning phases, which is trying to determine the proper transit control to utilize. Once the data has been entered through the computer terminal keyboard, an analysis is made. The program operates in a time sharing mode so that it is very convenient to change certain input parameters and observe the corresponding analysis immediately. This program can be used to determine what the above benefits may cost in relation to a less sophisticated system. The results of this analysis may be used in the decision making process of selecting an adequate control system. KW - Automatic train control KW - Automatic train operation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Economic analysis KW - Operating strategies KW - Rapid transit KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/43248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133321 AU - Kwickliss, C S AU - Roess, R P AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATING COSTS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1974/05 SP - 64 p. AB - The report examines the cost of operation of rail rapid transit systems, and the prediction of such costs for future systems, based on data obtained from the urban rail rapid transit operators in the United States and Canada. Existing cost-prediction models, based on the division of operating costs into maintenance of way and structures, maintenance of equipment, power, conducting transportation, administrative expenses, and miscellaneous expenses, are updated according to the most recent data available. In addition, those transit systems for which information is available are examined for division of costs into non-labor, direct labor and indirect labor categories; for the degree of utilization of personnel and facilities; for the relation of unit costs in the six categories to system characteristics; and for their relative scales of wages and benefits. KW - Analysis KW - Canada KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Estimating KW - Forecasting KW - Labor market KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Salaries KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Wages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080218 AU - Waddell, M C AU - WILLIAMS, M B AU - Ford, B M AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DISPOSITION OF EMPTY VEHICLES IN A PERSONAL RAPID TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/05 SP - 132 p. AB - A basic vehicle management function, associated with operation of a Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System, is that of continually redistributing empty vehicles throughout the system. In this report a procedure for performing this function is developed and evaluated. The procedure, carried out periodically (e.g. every few minutes) consists of three steps: (a) estimation of the surplus or deficit of empty vehicles at each station; (b) allocation of surpluses to deficits; and (c) preparation of a dispatch list for each station, based on the allocations, the list giving the disposition of successive empty vehicles as they become available. Two computer simulations were constructed to evaluate the procedure. Simulation runs demonstrated that the procedure worked well. KW - Automatic monitoring KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Car distribution (Railroads) KW - Monitoring KW - Passenger operations KW - Passengers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21174 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080215 AU - Thrasher, E J AU - Wood, P AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT TRAINING NEEDS. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1974/05 SP - 42 p. AB - The report is the first of a five-volume series summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of a study of urban mass transit training needs. This study includes a detailed analysis of the training requirements; a discussion of the availability of training programs to meet the needs of the industry; an outline of supplementary material needed to bring training programs up to an acceptable standard; and proposals for programs to upgrade the standard of training as it currently exists. Specifically, this volume summarizes the results of an inquiry into industry needs for standardized programs regarding training of (1) bus operators, (2) bus operator instructors, (3) bus mechanics, (4) bus mechanic instructors, and (5) rapid transit rail car repairmen. Following a description of programs currently in use at transit properties, the general contents of the respective standardized programs are outlined, the role of the Federal government in funding is examined, alternative methods of delivering programs are discussed, and costs of development and demonstration are estimated. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Personnel development KW - Rapid transit KW - Training programs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092426 AU - Caruolo, J R AU - Roess, R P AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF FARE REDUCTIONS ON PUBLIC TRANSIT RIDERSHIP PY - 1974/05 SP - 89 p. AB - The study was undertaken to determine the effects of various reduced fare programs on transit ridership. A listing of all reduced fare programs in North America is provided. The concept of fare elasticity was defined and determined for the various programs. Empirical evidence was obtained and analyzed from senior citizen programs. Reduced base fare programs, free fare programs and promotional programs. These programs have been successful in achieving their particular social and environmental objectives. KW - Data files KW - Effectiveness KW - Fares KW - Impacts KW - Incentives KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public transit KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Transit riders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260974 AU - Sanders, D B AU - Reyen, T A AU - Bhatt, K AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS--A HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS PY - 1974/05 SP - 111 p. AB - This report consists of a handbook to be used by transportation planners and urban specialists for estimating system parameters for conventional transportation technology. Three modes are evaluated: rail transit, local bus and bus rapid transit, and highway systems. Each mode contains an assessment of the following seven selected supply parameters: (1) speed-average, maximum; (2) capacity (service volume)-vehicle, person; (3) operating cost (vehicle); (4) energy consumption (vehicle or source); (5) pollutant emission (vehicle or source); (6) capital cost-land, construction, vehicle acquisition; and (7) accident frequency. These parameters are organized as proxy variables in describing the characteristics of each transport mode. Each mode has an analogous Appendix section whereby these parameters are evaluated in further detail and for particular geographic areas. Two additional Appendix sections contain all references used in the tables/figures and a general bibliography for further information. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Capacity KW - Costs KW - Energy KW - Fuel consumption KW - Handbooks KW - Highway transportation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Pollutants KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/130120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00084755 AU - Morag, D AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATING POLICIES FOR PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1974/05 SP - 100 p. AB - Personalized Rapid Transit (PRT) systems development is concerned with the more complex new generation of PRT systems that will utilize small automated vehicles closely spaced on an exclusive right-of-way to achieve a higher lane capacity and non-stop service, along with reduction of traffic congestion and pollution. The author perceives a need to carefully define and study operating policies relating to vehicle separation, and velocity as the capacity of the system increases. This report describes and evaluates operating policies for PRT systems and illustrates their implementation in a PRT vehicle autopilot. The vehicles frequency of passage and other considerations that contribute to the selection of such frequencies are the major topics of the report. Also studied are the various effects on system parameters and performance that follow the selection of an operating policy. The report examines 3 potential operating policies for PRT systems and defines the necessary limitations on headways resulting from design parameters and the effects of maneuvers. The operating policies considered are constant separation, constant K factor, and constant headway operation. A longitudinal control system was devised for the purpose of testing implementation of each operating policy. This test was accomplished by a digital computer simulation of a string of PRT vehicles controlled by the longitudinal control system models and operating according to the various policies. /UMTA/ KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Energy KW - Headways KW - Implementation KW - Operating strategies KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Policy KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083588 AU - Dietvorst, T F AU - Purdue University TI - ATTITUDES AND ATTITUDE CHANGE TOWARD BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1974/05 SP - 61 p. AB - The purpose of this report, according to the author, is to show that attitude measurement can provide meaningful information and that it should be a basic part of periodic evaluations of bus transit systems. The data for this study were 2 attitude surveys conducted for the Greater Lafayette (Indiana). Transportation Corporation: one before major system changes and one after system changes were completed. It was hypothesized that: (1) attitudes of the bus riding public would be significantly more favorable after changes in the bus system were made as compared to before changes were made; and (2) differences in attitudes would be related specifically to those parts of the system that had been changed. 566 bus riders took part in the first survey in Mar. '73 and 704 riders took part in the second survey in Oct. '73. The questionnaires were presented to the bus riders by the drivers during the afternoon of the survey days. It was found that attitudes did change significantly in a favorable direction between the first and second surveys. The data show significant change even when the demographic characteristics of the population, which had also changed, were held constant. Greater change was shown for those attributes that were directly affected by system change than for those indirectly affected by system change. The use of the questionnaire results in providing information for future planning is also discussed. Tables, a bibliography and appendices are included. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Community values KW - Evaluation KW - Measurement KW - Public transit KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Social values KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080247 AU - Kenkel, J J AU - Consortium of Universities AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACTORS AFFECTING CARGO LIABILITY PROBLEMS IN URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS PY - 1974/05 SP - 93 p. AB - The report explores the liability problems associated with the intermodal movement of goods into, out of, and through urban areas. It focuses on loss, damage, delay of shipments, and stresses the susceptibility of small shipments to loss, damage and delay. The relationship of liability to the urban area is particularly strong since approximately 85 percent of the loss and damage occurs at the interfacing terminals in the urban area. The inadequacies of present recovery practices and procedures are discussed, as well as the need for uniform standards of liability for intermodal cargo shipments. KW - Crimes KW - Freight security KW - Freight terminals KW - Insurance claims KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Loss and damage KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Prevention KW - Security KW - Security programs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145581 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE LOWER PENINSULA AREA OF VIRGINIA. VOLUME II. APPENDIX PY - 1974/05 SP - 95 p. AB - This Transit Development Program is a detailed analysis and five-year operations plan for mass transit in the Lower Peninsula Area of Virginia, which includes James City County, York County, Williamsburg, Newport News, Poquoson, and Hampton. The appendices volume contains route profiles, a resident attitude survey, and a research review. KW - Attitudes KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Economic analysis KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Research KW - Residents KW - Reviews KW - Routing KW - Surveys KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145580 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE LOWER PENINSULA AREA OF VIRGINIA. VOLUME I. MAIN REPORT PY - 1974/05 SP - 156 p. AB - This program is a detailed analysis and five-year operations plan for mass transit in the Lower Peninsula area of Virginia which includes James City County, York County, Williamsburg, Newport News, Poquoson, and Hampton. The report examines the characteristics and adequacy of existing transit service and community attitudes toward public transportation. A recommended transit system is outlined, describing route alignments and frequency of service; the capital investment needed to sustain the system is defined; the five-year revenue/cost implications of the program are described. In addition, a marketing program aimed at making transit more attractive to all residents is defined. Finally, a plan for activities required to monitor, maintain and update the Transit Development Program is set forth. KW - Attitudes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Communities KW - Counties KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Investments KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Marking KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Operations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Revenues KW - Routing KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Systems analysis KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264627 AU - Remington, R J AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated TI - WHEEL/RAIL NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL SN - DOT-TSC-UMTA-74-7 PY - 1974/05 SP - 176 p. AB - Reported here are the interim results of a program under the UMTA Urban Rail Supporting Technology Program to develop a basic understanding of urban transit wheel/rail noise generation for application to the evaluation and improvement of wheel/rail noise control devices. The report critically reviews existing analytic models and related experimental findings for the wheel/rail dynamic system and for the three categories of wheel/rail noise generation: squeal, impact, and roar. The limitations found result in recommendations for the remaining work required. A compilation is presented of existing or promising wheel/rail noise control devices, their acoustic and nonacoustic effects. The relative severity of the three noise categories is compared by examining wayside noise data from numerous transit systems and railroads around the world, and by using a scale recommended here for rating urban transit wheel/rail noise, i.e., the peak A-weighted sound pressure level to which the receiver of interest is exposed. Squeal produces the most annoying noises followed closely by impact and roar. Lastly, methodology is presented for assessing the non-acoustic performance of wheel/rail noise control devices. The method is applied to an example in which it is assumed that resilient wheels are installed on all New York City Transit Authority cars. KW - Acoustic properties KW - Acoustics KW - Control devices KW - Environmental impacts KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Wheel screech noise KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092285 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Wienser, N R AU - Marquette University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF EARTHEN ATTENUATION DEVICES IN REDUCING NOISE AND IMPROVING PRIVACY IN NEIGHBORHOODS ADJACENT TO URBAN FREEWAYS PY - 1974/05 SP - 196 p. AB - The use of earth berms as a method of attenuating highway noise pollution into adjacent residential neighborhoods has become more prevalent throughout the country. The purpose of this paper is to compare and assess, the measured and calculated attenuations obtained from these sound berms, and also to assess the perceived effects of selected berms on adjacent residential neighborhoods by means of an attitudinal survey. Recommendations for the future development of sound attenuation devices are made in five areas of highway responsibility: Planning, Design, Construction, Landscaping/Maintenance, and Future Research. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Attenuation KW - Attitudes KW - Berms KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Embankments KW - Freeways KW - Highway planning KW - Landscaping KW - Neighborhoods KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Public opinion KW - Soils KW - Sound absorption KW - Sound barrier KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264009 AU - National Transportation Center AU - Apt, Bramer, Conrad and Associates AU - Southwest Research Institute TI - PROJECT CLEAN AIR '72. LNG CONVERSION OF GM-71 SERIES DIESEL ENGINE PY - 1974/05 SP - 138 p. AB - The specific goal of Project Clean Air '72 was to develop and design a conversion procedure for the Detroit Diesel Series 71 engine, the standard engine for transit buses in the U.S., to operate on liquid natural gas (LNG) as a fuel. The conversions would provide dependable, proven transit bus powerplant with low emissions and an extended service life. Air pollution caused by a transit rubber-tired vehicle as a result of its emissions is the function of its engine and the type of fuel used. Pollution reduction, at the source, can be obtained by altering the vehicle engine, adapting it to the use of a proper fuel, which lends itself to emission control. A gaseous fuel converted engine, if properly developed, offers the potential of lower exhaust emissions, control of smoke and odor and lower engine noise levels. A few objectives of a gaseous fuel converted engine are: equal or better horsepower than the diesel, comparable economy of operation on a BTU basis, meeting proposed 1975 EPA standards, extending engine life, and providing a powerplant that can be serviced by present personnel with minimal specialized training. During Phases I and II-A of the project, it was demonstrated that a viable conversion of the GM6V-71 engine is possible. However, a complete conversion, including the development of a fuel control system, has not been completed. The advantages derived from the conversion have been identified, but not, according to the authors, demonstrated. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Bus transportation KW - Diesel engines KW - Energy conversion KW - Engine noise KW - Engines KW - Natural gas KW - Noise KW - Pollutants KW - Service life UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262575 AU - Kenkel, J J AU - Consortium of Universities TI - FACTORS AFFECTING CARGO LIABILITY PROBLEMS IN URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS SN - DC-11-0003 PY - 1974/05 SP - 92 p. AB - This report explores the liability problems associated with the intermodal movement of goods into, out of, and through urban areas. It focuses on loss, damage, and delay of shipments, and stresses the susceptibility of small shipments to loss, damage and delay. The relationship of liability to the urban area is particularly strong since approximately 85 percent of the loss and damage occurs at the interfacing terminals in the urban area. The inadequacies of present recovery practices and procedures are discussed, as well as the need for uniform standards of liability for intermodal cargo shipments. The goal of this report is to analyze the problems of cargo liability and propose solutions. The objectives focus on making the cargo liability system more economical and efficacious. The porposed solutions range from functional alternatives within the present legal framework, to far-reaching changes in the legal structure of the system, including various forms of no fault insurance. The DOT Urban Goods Movement Task Force Report and the studies on "Freight Loss and Damage" and "Nature of Future Cargo Liability Systems" are discussed. A bibliography is furnished. KW - Commodities KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Liabilities KW - Loss and damage KW - Losses KW - Traffic delays KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135380 ER - TY - SER AN - 01310445 JO - Institut de Recherche des Transports PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - BIEBER, A AU - BIEN, G AU - SATO, L AU - CHAMPAGNE AU - BLEHAUT, M AU - BOURGUIGNAT, X TI - VALORISATION D'UNE LIGNE DE TRANSPORT EN COMMUN EN SITE PROPRE. PY - 1974/04 IS - 3 SP - 44P AB - CE RAPPORT EST CONSACRE A UNE METHODE PERMETTANT L'EVALUATION DE VARIANTES DE TRACE POUR UNE LIGNE DE TRANSPORT EN COMMUN EN SITE PROPRE, VALORISANT A LA FOIS LE SITE PROPRE ET L'URBANISATION ENVIRONNANTE. APRES AVOIR, DANS UNE PREMIERE PARTIE, DEFINI ET PRESENTE LES CRITERES D'ACCESSIBILITE - GENERALE ET LOCALE - LA SECONDE PARTIE EN ILLUSTRE L'APPLICATION A L'EVALUATION DE VARIANTES URBANISATION-TRACE DU SITE PROPRE DANS LE CORRIDOR NORD-EST DE STRASBOURG. KW - Accessibilite KW - Accessibility KW - Choix KW - Environment KW - Environnement KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Expansion urbaine KW - France KW - France KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Itineraire KW - Itinerary KW - Land use KW - LIGNE (TC) KW - Methode KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Selection KW - Site propre KW - STRASBOURG KW - Transport en commun KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Utilisation du sol KW - Zone urbaine UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1071627 ER - TY - SER AN - 01306619 JO - Institut de Recherche des Transports PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - BIEBER, A AU - BIEN, G AU - SATO, L AU - CHAMPAGNE AU - BLEHAUT, M AU - BOURGUIGNAT, X TI - EVALUATION OF AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF WAY PUBLIC TRANSPORT LINE T2 - VALORISATION D'UNE LIGNE DE TRANSPORT EN COMMUN EN SITE PROPRE. PY - 1974/04 IS - 3 SP - 44P AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF VARIATIONS IN THE ALIGNMENT OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT LINE WITH EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF WAY, IMPROVING AT THE SAME TIME THE EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF WAY AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT. HAVING, IN THE FIRST PART, DEFINED AND PRESENTED THE CRITERIA OF ACCESSIBILITY - GENERAL AND LOCAL - THE AUTHORS ILLUSTRATE IN THE SECOND PART THE APPLICATION OF THE EVALUATION OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT - EXCLUSIVE RIGHT OF WAY IN THE NORTH EAST CORRIDOR OF STRASBOURG. KW - Accessibility KW - Accessibility KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation (assessment) KW - Exclusive right of way KW - France KW - France KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Itinerary KW - Itinerary KW - Land use KW - Land use KW - Method KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Selection KW - Selection KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1067798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143018 AU - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council AU - Community Sciences, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSIT CONCEPT FOR PINELLAS COUNTY PY - 1974/04 SP - 102 p. AB - The report examines the transit needs in Pinellas County, Florida. It deals with local and County-wide transit operating concepts, demand prediction, system sizing and costing, financing and system management. It is concerned with transit needs over the five-year period from 1974 through 1978, and defines the equipment and facilities that will be required during each of these years. The focus of the study is on the definitions and evaluation of broad transit system concepts for the County. Estimates are generated for the number and types of transit vehicles that will be required, the supporting facilities needed, the total and equivalent annual capital investment and operating costs that will be incurred, and probable levels of transit revenue. KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Florida KW - Forecasting KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Needs assessment KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Revenues KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094131 AU - MCKELVEY, D J AU - Dueker, K J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: THE URBAN AND RURAL INTERFACE AND TRANSIT NEEDS OF THE RURAL ELDERLY PY - 1974/04 SP - 28 p. AB - The three objectives of the report are: (1) To identify and assess rural transportation problems, especially those affecting the elderly; (2) to identify specific problems and actions taken during the planning and implementation phases of a seven county rural transportation system in southeastern Iowa; and (3) to suggest research questions that could be addressed to evolve more comprehensive and effective transportation planning programs. The following are observations emphasized by the authors: (1) Planning needs should be as coordinated and comprehensive as possible at the regional (rural-urban) scale; (2) planning may not require extensive surveys to initiate a satisfactory system; (3) door-to-door service is required for most elderly; (4) the process should involve users, transportation operators, political leaders, and social agencies; (5) promotion of the system is critical and should emphasize identity with and use of the system through memberships, reasonable fares, and availability of all trip types for both elderly and non-elderly; (6) some level of continued funds from state, county or Federal sources should be assured prior to implementation; and (7) extensive monitoring and evaluation of demonstration systems need to be undertaken to facilitate planning of future systems. KW - Aged KW - Door to door service KW - Facilities KW - Financing KW - Iowa KW - Level of service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Prices KW - Problem solving KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Rural urban fringe KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262573 AU - Boeing Vertol Company TI - STATE-OF-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM VOLUME I: DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TEST SN - IT-06-0026 PY - 1974/04 SP - 182 p. AB - As systems manager for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program, the Boeing Vertol Company is supervising the design, fabrication and testing of two new State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC) with the objective of demonstrating the current state-of-the-art in rail rapid transit vehicle technology. Passenger convenience and operating efficiency are primary goals for the cars. Built by the St. Louis Car Division of General Steel Industries, the SOAC features a DC-DC chopper in the propulsion system, separately excited DC traction motors, all-steel construction (with molded fiberglass ends), and vandal-resistant and fire-retardant materials in the interior. This volume, Volume 1 of a two-volume report, covers the development program through engineering testing; including data on design and performance, propulsion and braking, subsystems, test program, mockup and demonstration programs, and economic analysis. Volume 2 will report on operational tests and evaluations to be performed in revenue service in New York, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago and Philadelphia. KW - Braking KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Passenger comfort KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261727 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated TI - MANUAL OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN CIVIL EMERGENCIES PY - 1974/04 SP - 60 p. AB - A case study of transit service in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., following the Hurrican Agnes flood of June 1972, reveals the need for improved nationwide transit disaster procedures. All phases of planning for transit support in civil emergencies require upgrading by Federal, state and local governments. This manual describes the actions necessary to accomplish contingency planning, emergency transit evacuation and relief services in a systematic manner. Recommendations are offered. These include the following: according to the author, Federal efforts should focus on incorporating disaster preparedness into the existing requirements for capital grants by, for example, expanding "Exhibit O -- Evaluation of Flood Hazards" in the capital grant application to include fixed-facility vulnerability to the pertinent major disasters; states should avail themselves of Federal matching funds for disaster planning with the state department of transportation or highway department responsible for transit planning input; etc. Chapters discuss Federal, state and local emergency frameworks and emergency transit operations preparedness procedures. References are furnished. A sequel report, "Manual for Transit Operations in Civil Emergencies -- Transition Period," documents return to normal operations after emergency transit service in the Wilkes-Barre area. KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Federal aid KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - State planning KW - States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092354 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Associated Engineers/A Joint Venture TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF SIMPLIFIED METHODS TO PREDICT SUBWAY AIR PRESSURE TRANSIENTS PY - 1974/04 SP - 143 p. AB - This report is one of many reports leading to final product, a subway environmental design handbook. Simplified models are introduced to predict subway air pressure transients. The models deal with pressure changes due to portal entry, post portal entry, vent passage, portal exit and passing trains. Predictions yielded by the models are compared to full-scale field test data gathered at BART. It was concluded that the models are sufficient to identify pressure transient problem areas, as well as solutions in the early stages of subway system design. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air resistance KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Atmospheric pressure KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - Dynamic pressure KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Experimental data KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Pressure KW - Pressure signatures KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Simulation KW - Subway environment KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train resistance KW - Transients KW - Tunnel environment KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267031 AU - Kurban, G J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSIT SUPPLY IN SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES PY - 1974/04 SP - 69 p. AB - This study proposes to demonstrate that with a small- or medium-sized community's given hardware systems, under-utilization of service and hence enconomic loss for the operator need not always be the case. Instead, by accessing the present ridership rates and route characteristics, analysis can be performed which will suggest a system that is both acceptable to passengers and economically viable to the bus operator. Frequency of service was used as the indicator of the relative quality or level of service. An attempt was made, therefore, to demonstrate the use of a methodological technique to aid transit operators in adjusting bus service using the financial resources available. Objectives were: (1) to test the service specification concept as a means for determining the economic conditions of bus transit operators; and (2) to establish a correlation between economically viable route characteristics and ridership rates. A bibliography is furnished. Appendices include an example of the questionnaire used to obtain data and summary statistics for linear regressions performed in the development of the study analysis. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Small towns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080249 AU - Boeing Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOAC (STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR) DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME I. DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TEST PY - 1974/04 SP - 193 p. AB - Design, fabrication and test of two new State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC) whose objective is to demonstrate the current state-of-the-art in rail rapid transit vehicle technology were carried out. Passenger convenience and operating efficiency were primary goals. The SOAC features a DC-DC chopper in the propulsion system, separately excited DC traction motors, all-steel construction (with molded fiberglass ends), and vandal-resistant and fire-retardant materials in the interior. This volume, Volume 1 of a two-volume report, covers the development program through engineering testing; including data on design and performance, propulsion and braking, subsystems, test program, mockup and demonstration programs, and economic analysis. KW - Car design KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit cars KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00072444 AU - Manning, J E AU - Cann, R G AU - Fredberg, J J AU - Cambridge Collaborative TI - PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF RAIL TRANSIT NOISE AND VIBRATION. A STATE OF THE ART ASSESSMENT PY - 1974/04 SP - 254 p. AB - As systems manager for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Rail Supporting Technology Program, the Transportation Systems Center has undertaken research in rail transit noise abatement. As part of this effort, this report contains the results of a critical review of current technology for the prediction and control of urban rail transit noise and vibration, with primary emphasis on the parameters affecting propagation paths. Specifically included are tools for the prediction of wayside noise and vibration adjacent to both at-grade and elevated transit track, groundborne noise propagation from subway tunnels, and noise in cars and in stations. In addition, several noise and vibration control techniques are evaluated including resilient rail fasteners, floating slabs, noise barriers, elevated structure enclosures, structural damping, and acoustical treatment of stations and tunnels. Specific recommendations are made for areas requiring further research and development. Two of these areas, elevated structure noise and groundborne vibration from tunnels, have been selected for continued investigation under this contract. KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Vibration KW - Vibration levels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260638 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - St Petersburg, City of, Florida TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY (TOTE). A PILOT PROJECT TO DEVELOP MOBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1974/04 SP - 51 p. AB - The Transportation of the Elderly (TOTE) Demonstration Project in St. Petersburg, Florida, was initiated for the purpose of improving and increasing the mobility of the elderly and handicapped. This demonstration is being conducted in a 10 square-mile area which houses a target group of 30,000 persons. Reservation, Subscription, Demand Response and Renta-Bus are the 4 door-to-door services being utilized to provide the elderly (60 and over) and the handicapped (no age limitation) with increased mobility. At the conclusion of the project it is anticipated that TOTE will be integrated with the Municipal Transit System to complement the 30 some fixed routes presently in operation within the demonstration area. As a means of control and a method of identifying the riders, a registration program was initiated 4 months before service started. Approximately 7,000 had registered prior to the first passenger pick-up. This figure had increased to 12,626 as of March 31, 1974 and it is expected that close to 20,000 will be registered by the end of the project. Among findings are: the two major outgoing trip purposes for the first six months of operation have been medical/Dental (27.9%) and personal business (25.9%); peak-hours have been between 10 a.m. and noon; and, reservation and subscription services have been used by approximately 85% of the riders during each month of operation. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Public transit KW - Reservations KW - Ridership KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261537 AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Williamsport, City of, Pennsylvania AU - Lycoming, County of, Pennsylvania TI - WILLIAMSPORT AREA TRANSIT STUDY: TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1974/04 SP - 85 p. AB - On Aug. 7, 1969, the City of Williamsport, Pa., purchased, with the aid of a Federal grant, the Williamsport City Bus Lines. This action preserved transit service in the area since the private operator had been suffering losses which precluded continuation of operations. Despite progressive actions, however, performance of bus operations has been declining. Questions have been raised as to whether existing service should be increased or decreased, fares raised or lowered, routes changed, apportionment of operating losses to service municipalities be re-evaluated, and whether the ever-increasing deficit can be decreased. In addition, the issue of the most suitable form of public ownership has been raised by the problems which have developed in attempts to secure regional support for city operation. This study was undertaken to answer the above questions and to develop a short-range transit development program covering the five-year period of 1073-77. Observations of the long-range implications of present trends are also included. Recommendations are presented and include the formation of a City-County Transit Authority or a County Transportation Department as the first step in carrying out the transit development program. Appendices include transit analysis zones and tables of total person trips and transit trips. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Nationalization KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092218 AU - Brown, P AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME 3. ACCEPTANCE TESTING PY - 1974/04 SP - 284 p. AB - The Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program is an integrated development program directed toward improving high speed, frequent-stop urban rail systems. The objective of the State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) is to demonstrate the best state-of-the-art in rapid rail car design, with two improved cars using existing proven technology. Primary goals for the cars are passenger convenience and operating efficiency. This document, Volume 3 of the SOAC Final Test Report, presents the test results for the vehicle acceptance testing of two state-of-the-art transit cars. Performance, ride quality, noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) acceptance tests were conducted. Chapters contain a summary of test results, configuration, test equipment and instrumentation, and test procedures. KW - Development KW - Documents KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Noise KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260069 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY MASS TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY PY - 1974/04 SP - 220 p. AB - The primary objectives of this study were to examine in detail the existing transit system in Hillsborough County, to determine the distribution of potential transit demand beyond the Tampa city limits, and to make recommendations for implementation over the next five years which would include the modification and expansion of existing services and the provision of new service. The work plan was arranged in three phases. The first phase was devoted to the collection and preparation of data and the second involved the detailed analysis of the collected data. The final phase was the development of a detailed five-year improvement program including an identification of priorities for the implementation of all physical, service and management improvements. Tables, maps and figures are numerous. Appendices include fleet inventory and inspection results and the home interview and pilot interview questionnaires. KW - Bus transportation KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267009 AU - Arrillaga, B AU - Mouchahoir, G E AU - Mitre Corporation TI - DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PLANNING GUIDELINES PY - 1974/04 SP - 41 p. AB - Based on the limited empirical information of 12 demand-responsive transportation systems, preliminary planning guidelines have been developed to aid in the design of new demand-responsive systems. These guidelines facilitate the estimation of ridership, fleet size, staff requirement and costs. A summary is also presented of the major characteristics of these 12 demand-responsive systems that are operating in the United States and Canada. This summary illustrates the types of systems that have been recently implemented. They include many-to-many, many-to-few, many-to-one and route deviation systems. KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Estuaries KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Paratransit services KW - Size UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095040 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - PROCEDURE LOGIC DESIGN FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 SP - 87 p. AB - This report is a supplement to "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." This particular report on the procedure logic design is presented to show the logic flow of all phases of a manually controlled Dial-A- Ride. The logical design of the Dial-A-Ride Control System is the heart of the system design. From it stem the procedures and training materials. The diagrams shown here are after the initial simulation task was completed. The shorthand notational system employed is presented. Arrow flow diagrams show that time sequence and events in the system. With use of these diagrams, questions of timing, branching to new procedures, flow of documents and information storage can be studied. Personnel and equipment requirements can be determined. Results of time studies made during simulation are presented. KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Energy KW - Flow charts KW - Flow diagrams KW - Logic KW - Logic (Mathematics) KW - Manual control KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095037 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - DRIVER'S CLASS DESCRIPTION SHEETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 AB - This report is a supplement to "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." These description sheets are presented as a detailed aid in preparing an hour-by-hour training program for drivers. The sheets have the following format: subject, content, what is to be learned, technique(s), references, visual and other aids, handout(s), and tests(s). Among the subjects covered by the class description sheets are orientation, personnel policies, area familiarization, public relations, vehicle operations, emergency procedures, simulation, mobile radio operation and driving instruction review. Lectures are given and tours arranged. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Driver training KW - Energy KW - Guidelines KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Orientation KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Radio control KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095038 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - CONTROLLER'S CLASS DESCRIPTION SHEET FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 SP - 113 p. AB - This report is a supplement to the report entitled "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." Controller's class description sheets are presented as detailed aids in preparing hour-by-hour training program for Control Room personnel. The description sheets are arranged in the following format: subject, content, what is to be learned, technique(s) references, visual and other aids, handout(s), and tests(s). Among the subjects covered by these description sheets are orientation, personnel policies, area familiarization, control map familiarization, public relations; dispatcher, scheduler and telephonist functions and control staff functions. Lectures are given and tours arranged. KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Energy KW - Manual control KW - Orientation KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095035 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - CONTROLLER'S CLASS NOTEBOOK FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 SP - 147 p. AB - This report is a supplement to "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." This controller's class notebook is presented as an aid to training Control Room personnel in all phases of Control Room operation of a manually controlled Dial-A-Ride. Its purpose is to guide and direct those who are responsible for operating Dial-A-Ride system in Haddonfield, New Jersey, and surrounding service areas. It contains the necessary policy and procedures to operate the system. It is also used for training control room staff and the vehicle operators. As an adjunct to the operating portion there is also a section on personnel policies and procedures. Staff is discussed in terms of such issues as personnel selection and training, wage and pay policy. Another topic presented is on contingency/emergency procedures. Radio communications are discussed. Definitions are presented for ease in understanding. KW - Control systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manual control KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095039 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - MANUAL CONTROL OPERATING PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 SP - 290 p. AB - This report is a supplement to "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." This particular manual is presented as an aid to the operation of a manually controlled Dial-A-Ride. Personnel policies toward the vehicle operators and control room staff (i.e., public contact, wage and pay policy) are presented. In terms of vehicle operations, discussion includes pickup and delivery etiquette and vehicle scheduling. Contingency/Emergency procedures are related. Functions of telephonist, scheduler, dispatcher and supervisory activities and responsibilities are delineated. Radio communications are discussed. The appendices contain interim instructions. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Energy KW - Maintenance practices KW - Manual control KW - Manuals KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Personnel KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31195 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095036 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - DRIVER'S CLASS NOTEBOOK FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/04 SP - 90 p. AB - This report is a supplement to "Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride)." This Driver's Class Notebook is presented as an aid to training drivers for a Dial-A-Ride type operation. Since attainment of the purpose of Dial-A-Ride is largely in the hands of the vehicle operator, such topics as public relations, pickup and delivery etiquette, stop procedures, handling cash fares and tickets, vehicle scheduling and driver assignment are discussed under the heading of vehicle operations. Contingency/ emergency procedures to follow in case of illness or breakdown are presented. Radio communication is examined. Appendices present the phonetic alphabet and an example of the radio exchange when a vehicle makes a stop. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Driver training KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Pickup trucks KW - Pickups KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090118 AU - Smith, R D AU - Skantar, E T AU - Cleveland Transit System AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Westinghouse Air Brake Company TI - REVENUE SERVICE OPERATION, 1973. AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1974/04 SP - 79 p. AB - This report discusses the integration of three AC powered cars into the Cleveland Transit System's revenue operation during 1973. The year of operation was divided into two distinct operating periods. In the first period, January through June, the three AC cars were not compatible with the remaining Airporter fleet. During the second period, July through December, the three AC cars were modified in such a manner as to render them compatible with the DC cars and were operated the remainder of the year in mixed service. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric railroads KW - Motor performance KW - Motors KW - Performance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Traction drives KW - Transfer functions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00071853 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANUAL OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN CIVIL EMERGENCIES PY - 1974/04 SP - 65 p. AB - A case study of transit service in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., following the Hurricane Agnes flood of June 1972, reveals the need for improved nationwide transit disaster procedures. All phases of planning for transit support in civil emergencies require upgrading by Federal, state and local governments. This manual describes the actions necessary to accomplish contingency planning, emergency transit evacuation and relief services in a systematic manner. Recommendations are offered. These include the following: Federal efforts to focus on incorporating disaster preparedness for capital grants; states to avail themselves of Federal matching funds for disaster planning with the state department of transportation or highway department responsible for transit planning input; etc. Chapters discuss Federal, state and local emergency frameworks and emergency transit operations preparedness procedures. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/20455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080420 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. INTRODUCTION TO URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING. SUMMARY PY - 1974/03/31 SP - 45 p. AB - The summary report serves as a guide to Volumes I and II. An overview of UTPS is presented and the purposes of travel forecasting in terms of sketch planning and long-range and short-range planning are discussed. Within the scope of transportation planning, the range of options, impacts and principles are considered. Guidelines to the use of the manual are outlined. References are furnished. KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Simulation KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080421 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. INTRODUCTION TO URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING. VOLUME I. DEMAND MODELLING PY - 1974/03/31 SP - 313 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration Transportation Planning System provides a wide range of analytical and computerized tools for making travel forecasts for existing and proposed transportation systems. The manual provides an introduction to travel forecasting to enable transportation planners and analysts to utilize UTPS effectively. It provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology of travel forecasting, the analytical tools available and their appropriateness for typical problems the transportation planner faces, input requirements, outputs needed for proper evaluation, and appropriate levels of effort for various stages of analysis. The manual is divided into three parts: The Summary; Volume I - Demand Modelling; and Volume II - Evaluation. KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Simulation KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143208 AU - Duncan and Jones AU - Sanders Associates, Incorporated AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - D.C. TI - BART (BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT) MULTI-MODAL TERMINAL PLAN, CITY OF WALNUT CREEK, CALIFORNIA PY - 1974/03 SP - 102 p. AB - As a basis for evaluating alternative designs to correct the deficiencies of the existing station and to deal with demands from anticipated changes, the following goals were developed: Maximize the value of the public investment in the BART system and encourage use of the system by maintaining and improving the accessibility of the station to all modes of transportation; conserve fuel and reduce pollution by encouraging use of public feeder transit service to the BART station; improve patron comfort and safety in the station area; encourage development in the station area that will relate to and enhance the value of the BART station as a multi-modal transportation terminal. KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - California KW - Comfort KW - Feeder buses KW - Feeder services KW - Fuel consumption KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger terminals KW - Pollution KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Safety factors KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133306 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated TI - THE AERODYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF SUBWAY DESIGN CONCEPTS PY - 1974/03 SP - 157 p. AB - This report is one of many such reports leading to the final product -- a 'Subway Environmental Design Handbook.' Subway environment simulation (SES) computer program applications to a variety of hypothetical double-track subway rapid transit systems with bi-directional train operations are presented and discussed. The study encompasses the effects of subway geometrical features, such as ventilation shaft configuration and location, mechanical systems, such as fans and cooling equipment, and train operations. Results are presented in terms of both instantaneous and average subway air flows and temperatures. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Blocking KW - Environment KW - Evaluation KW - Flow KW - Heat transfer KW - Mechanical engineering KW - Operations KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad trains KW - Simulation KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Temperature control KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080248 AU - Wallace, P S AU - Buren, R M AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POLICING INTER-COMMUNITY MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS: PROPOSED LEGISLATION FOR CHICAGO WITH A CONSIDERATION OF OTHER CITIES PY - 1974/03 SP - 62 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to present model legislation that will require inter-community mass transit systems to be responsible for the safety of their passengers while using transit facilities. An effort is made to show why this legislation is necessary and how it is a solution to the present problem of high crime and low passenger safety on selected mass transit systems. In metropolitan Chicago, Illinois, as a selected example, the recent history is given (1967-1972) of the rise in transit crime and the apparent police response. The effects of the present multi-community policing are stated and explained. Some brief concluding remarks are presented. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Crimes KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Prevention KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158140 AU - Duncan and Jones TI - BART MULTI-MODAL TERMINAL PLAN. CITY OF WALNUT CREEK, CALIFORNIA PY - 1974/03 SP - 98 p. AB - Purpose of study is to develop specific plans for the mutli-modal transportation facilities at the BART station site in Walnut Creek, California, based on the functional requirements of the various transportation modes connecting with the station. The study was divided into two phases as follows: the first phase consisted of data collection and survey of present usage of the BART site by cars, bicycles, pedestrians, taxis, buses in order to evaluate the efficiency of movement and space allocation on the site. Anticipated changes in existing transportation systems, highway improvement, street realignments and closures, and other changes were evaluated. Literature relating to multi-mode transportation terminals, the use of air rights, and innovative transportation linkages was reviewed. The second phase defined the focus and function of the site, given the options and constraints identified in the first phase. Design alternatives were analyzed and a development plan outlined, with implementation measures and time frames detailed. This report contains a site plan showing the recommended schematic design in functional and spatial terms and the movement systems which are determined to be feasible and desirable, and includes explanatory text and material describing the function, operations and spatial interrelationships of the various modes. It includes an evaluation of the financial feasibility of the plan recommendations and an estimate of the construction and development costs involved, as well as recommendations on the phasing of the plan in graphic and descriptive form. KW - Air rights KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Multimodal transportation KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151775 AU - Basmaciyan, H AU - Stappler, R F AU - VTN Consolidated Incorporated AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, Washington AU - Washington State Legislature AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SEATTLE PRT STUDY. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT PY - 1974/03 SP - 213 p. AB - In 1969 and 1970, the City of Seattle became one of five selected medium sized cities to be included in the Center Cities Transportation Project (CCTP). Increased interest in PRT/people-mover technology culminated in a three-party agreement and ultimately led to the current investigation and analysis of automated transit technology. The Technical Supplement Volume consists of ten individually self-contained Appendices documenting a specific study or feature. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air pollution KW - Automatic control KW - City planning KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151774 AU - Basmaciyan, H AU - Stappler, R F AU - VTN Consolidated Incorporated AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, Washington AU - Washington State Legislature AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SEATTLE PRT STUDY. VOLUME I. SUMMARY PY - 1974/03 SP - 104 p. AB - In 1969 and 1970, the City of Seattle became one of five selected medium sized cities to be included in the Center Cities Transportation Project (CCTP). Increased interest in PRT/people-mover technology culminated in a three-party agreement and ultimately led to the current investigation and analysis of automated transit technology. The feasibility of a PRT or people-mover system application is being evaluated in a two-phase study: Phase 1 - Site-selection for a people-mover system, and Phase 2 - System implementation for the locales selected in Phase 1 study. This is the Interim Report for Phase 1 of the PRT study and is presented in two volumes. This volume consists of a general overview of the total Phase 1 study. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air pollution KW - Automatic control KW - City planning KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264033 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM INTRODUCTION TO URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORCASTING-VOLUME I-DEMAND MODELLING PY - 1974/03 SP - 310 p. AB - The UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS) provides a wide range of analytical and computerized tools for making travel forecasts for existing and proposed transportation systems. This manual is designed as an integral part of UTPS. The object of the manual is to provide an introduction to travel forecasting to enable transportation planners and analysts to utilize UTPS effectively. It provides a comprehensive overview of the methodology of travel forecasting, the analytical tools available and their appropriateness for typical problems the transportation planner faces, input requirements, outputs needed for proper evaluation, and appropriate levels of effort for various stages of analysis. The manual is divided into three parts: the Summary; Volume I - "Demand Modelling;" and Volume II - "Evaluation." /UMTA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Software KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263374 AU - Medville, D M AU - Arrillaga, B AU - Mitre Corporation TI - THE HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION: DEMOGRAPHIC, SYSTEM AND USER CHARACTERISTICS SN - VA-06-0012 PY - 1974/03 SP - 37 p. AB - Data concerning the Dial-A-Ride demonstration in the Haddonfield, New Jersey area are presented in tabular and graphical form. This is a demonstration conducted by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and the New Jersey Department of Transportation. The tables and graphs found in this report summarize the major characteristics of the area served, the attributes of the services provided and the characteristics of Dial-A-Ride users. Where it is possible to do so, comparisons are provided between the characteristics of the Dial-A-Ride users and those of the entire area served. The information used in this report was obtained from household surveys conducted during October 1971 and January 1973, from trip ticket data through October 1973, and from three on-board surveys conducted in January, July and September of 1973. /MITRE/ KW - Demographics KW - Demonstration projects KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Paratransit services KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143255 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - New Jersey Department of Community Affairs AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW JERSEY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STUDY. PHASE A. IT-09-0023 TS F110 (7350). IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN PY - 1974/03 SP - 227 p. AB - The study examined the existing public transportation characteristics and following extensive analysis the Immediate Action Plan recommends appropriate action for the preservation and extension of bus services. The study recommendations are designed to lead to improved coordination, operation and regulation of essential bus services in New Jersey and will guide the most effective use of state and federal assistance for the bus industry. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - New Jersey KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - State aid KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267010 AU - Rebibo, K K AU - Scott, R L AU - Ferrantino, J R AU - Hartzler, R E AU - Klopfenstein, R C AU - Mitre Corporation TI - SUMMARY OF AN AUTOMATED SCHEDULING SYSTEM FOR DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/03 SP - 28 p. AB - The Dial-A-Ride Automated Scheduling System is a package of computer programs developed on a Westinghouse 2500 minicomputer by the MITRE Corporation under sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The system contains an automated scheduler that dynamically assigns customer requests for trips to vehicle tours and dispatches the vehicles through their stops; data analysis programs that produce statistical reports on system performance; and programs to generate and maintain the data files required by the scheduler, such as the file of related street names. The automated scheduler accepts messages from control room personnel through computer terminals. The messages are processed by an interactive message editor that verifies the message and initiates the appropriate function. Functions performed by the real-time scheduler include the assignment of trip requests, deferment of trip requests to be assigned later, cancellation of trip requests, vehicle dispatching, vehicle positioning, reassignment of stops of a disabled vehicle, and complete monitoring capabilities. In addition, the system supports a file containing trip requests that are automatically scheduled on a periodic basis. During scheduling, vehicle tours are printed in the event of failure of the automated system and a tape file is created for use by the data analysis programs. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267019 AU - Bartholomew (Harland) and Associates TI - A SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT STUDY PY - 1974/03 SP - 114 p. AB - The study area that is the focus of this report includes the cities of Tuscaloosa and Northport, Alabama, and the unicorporated areas of Holt and Cottondale. Community and operational transit desires and requirements were set forth in the form of goals and objectives; and transit recommendations made in accordance with them. These recommendations include a five-year transit development program, an analysis of long-range transit potential in Tuscaloosa and recommendations for a shuttle bus system on the University of Alabama campus. Important recommendations include: (1) a replacement of all vehicular equipment now owned or leased by the Tuscaloosa County Parking and Transit Authority and the construction of new office and garage facilities; (2) an increase in all transit service and route coverage; (3) the implementation of a transit program that is cognizant of public attitudes; and (4) a shuttle bus system on the University campus to meet present short-range needs. Existing conditions and reestablishment of transit service in the area served by the Tuscaloosa County Parking and Transit Authority are discussed. Census and other available demographic data were studied and on-board bus survey conducted. Transit organization and operation were discussed and a recommended program delineated. Priorities, financial implications and funding alternatives were considered. Appendices include survey results, description of recommended route locations and the University of Alabama proposed shuttle schedule. Tables, figures and maps are numerous. KW - Census KW - Community values KW - Demographics KW - Financing KW - Public opinion KW - Route choice KW - Shuttle buses KW - Social values KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267020 AU - Bartholomew (Harland) and Associates TI - A SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT STUDY TECHNICAL MEMORANDA PY - 1974/03 SP - 50 p. AB - These memoranda provide background and supporting information pertaining, among other things, to the existing transit system in the Tuscaloosa, Alabama urban area. The procedures and assumptions used in the development of performance indices and other data contained in the final report are identified. Peak-period directional passenger counts showing present patronage trends are discussed and a table presented showing transfer volume on the existing system. Also presented is the analysis and evaluation procedure used to develop the proposed transit system as described in the final report. Parameters and constraints unique to Tuscaloosa which influenced route selection are outlined and alternatives analyzed. A description of typical route scheduling envisioned for the recommended system is included. A table is presented showing transit travel times, including transfer wait times. Financial evaluation memorandum contains information pertaining to the procedures and estimates used in determining and analyzing the financial circumstances of the Tuscaloosa County Parking and Transit Authority. It is intended that this memorandum provide the basis for the Authority to contrast and modify, if necessary, revenue and expanditure estimates for the recommended five-year program. Tables and maps complement the text. KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Route choice KW - Scheduling KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095033 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/03 SP - 224 p. AB - This publication describes features of the installation and operation of the manually scheduled Haddonfield, New Jersey Dial-A-Ride system. Considerable interest has arisen in providing Dial-A-Ride service to other localities. The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines from the experience in the Haddonfield project to assist others in procuring and operating a Dial-A-Ride system. Included are sections on: the facility and equipment, operations, handling of and accounting for revenue, communications, personnel training, and sales promotion. In order to serve as a guide for implementing a similar system, information for ordering and building equipment as well as actual operating procedures and forms are reproduced. The appendices explain the logic and rationale behind the development of certain procedures. This information should be useful in adapting those procedures to different situations. KW - Communications KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Energy KW - Equipment KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Manual control KW - Operating revenues KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31185 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095034 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation TI - SUMMARY OF A REPORT COVERING THE IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF A DEMAND RESPONSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE) PY - 1974/03 SP - 23 p. AB - This report is an executive summary of Report No. UMTA-NJ-06-0002-74-3, Implementation and Operation of a Demand Responsive Public Transportation System (Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride). The subject report is a guide to installing and operating a manually operated Dial-A-Ride System, covering both the physical and functional aspects of the system, i.e., required equipment, furniture, and forms, and people and what they do to operate the system. The subject report is based on manual operation and control of the Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride Project, covering the period from February 1972 through January 1973. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Energy KW - Manual control KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080422 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. INTRODUCTION TO URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING. VOLUME II. EVALUATION PY - 1974/03 SP - 80 p. AB - In the report, Volume II, an evaluation of transportation alternatives is made and discussion centers around the evaluation problem, methods of community interaction, prediction of and incidents of impacts, evaluation methods, and extended evaluation method. A summary is presented and references are furnished. KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Simulation KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080359 AU - Cymbor, W P AU - Smith, R D AU - Cleveland Transit System TI - MULTIPLE CAR PERFORMANCE, AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1974/03 SP - 49 p. AB - In 1971 the Cleveland Transit System received a grant contract from the Department of Transportation's Urban Mass Transportation Administration to test, demonstrate and evaluate a solid state AC propulsion system on three rapid transit cars (Project OH-06-0006). The AC propulsion system was developed by the Westinghouse Air Brake Division, Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO), Wilmerding, Pa. This report is one of a series on various aspects of the project. To demonstrate general performance and applicability of the propulsion system, an on-board computer controlled data acquisition system was used to collect performance data. The data were reduced, analyzed, and plotted by computer. This report presents the performance data collected during the multiple car operation. The general performance characteristics are displayed by means of graphs plotted by computer from the raw data. Detailed discriptions of the data system and single car performance results are reported separately in UMTA-OH-06-0006-73-1 and UMTA-OH-06-0006-73-3 respectively. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Traction drives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21262 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092400 AU - Schimpler-Corradino, Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Louisville Medical Center, Incorporated AU - Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency TI - LOUISVILLE MEDICAL CENTER TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1974/03 SP - 114 p. AB - The Louisville Medical Center is a closely-knit neighborhood of similar land uses with several interacting institutions of the region's health service delivery system. In the past, measures designed to integrate facilities and eliminate duplication of services have been implemented by area institutions and further steps are planned. In order to fully unify the area both physically and functionally, a transportation system to facilitate movement of persons and goods is deemed necessary. The purpose of this study is to quantify growth in the Medical Center area and to recommend a system to satisfy its transportation demands. Potential funding sources have been explored and are presented. KW - Bus lines KW - Cargo transportation KW - Centers KW - Facilities KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Fund allocations KW - Kentucky KW - Land use KW - Measures of central tendency KW - Medical services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrian movement KW - Ramps KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00265485 AU - Bakr, M M AU - Kretschmer, S L AU - Marquette University TI - OPTIMAL SCHEDULING OF BUS MAINTENANCE PY - 1974/03 SP - 32 p. AB - The study of current practice in the management of bus maintenance has revealed to the authors that preventive maintenance schedules and procedures are based intially upon previous experience, and reviewed and adjusted according to feedback regarding the cost of maintenance and the reliability of performance of a bus fleet. The method proposed in this report takes a formal approach toward the determination of bus maintenance schedules. This approach is based upon the evolutionary process used by maintenance management. A cost function which takes into account the sum of maintenance and associated costs has been developed. The total cost cosists of the cost of periodical preventive maintenance and the cost of failures and unscheduled repairs. The cost is expressed in terms of various cost elements and the probabilities of failure for different systems on the bus. A computer mehtod is used to derive the least cost maintenance schedule. KW - Buses KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267011 AU - MILLER, H G AU - Basham, W M AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF THE MONITOR-CTA AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM SN - MA-06-0024 PY - 1974/03 SP - 142 p. AB - In June 1972 the Urban Mass Transportation Administration requested that the Transportation System Center of DOT perform an evaluation of the CTA (Chicago Transit Authority) Monitor-Automatic Vehicle Monitor (AVM) system. TSC planned the overall evaluation, prepared the analytical data reduction, performed data evaluation and prepared conclusions and recommendations. The CTA cooperated in the collection of the data according to the TSC plan and provide and commentary without which this evaluation would not have been possible. The results of the evaluation show that until present system technical deficiencies have been corrected, the system cannot be considered to be fully operational. From the cost analysis it is concluded that this system appears to be a good public investment. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Automation KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262570 AU - Schimpler-Corradino, Associates TI - PADUCAH TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1974/02 SP - 170 p. AB - Transit patronage in the Paducah, Kentucky metropolitan area has declined so that it is no longer profitable for a private firm to operate the public transit system. This report is developed to improve transit service in order to alleviate, to the greatest extent possible, traffic problems which now exist and to improve the mobility of those people particularly dependent upon public transportation. The basic purpose of this study is to define short-range transit needs in the Paducah metropolitan area and to make recommendations for improvements. The analysis and findings will provide a method for accelerated progress in providing needed mass transportation facilities. Chapters discuss community involvement, transit objectives, evaluation of pre-existing conditions, data collection, transit ridership survey results, the short-range improvement program, implementation, and continuing transit planning. Appendices include the transit attitude questionnaire, projected operating statements by alternate, Kentucky House Bill No. 414, and the legal opinion on establishment of a transit authority. Tables, figures, and maps complement the text. KW - Improvements KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092345 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Associated Engineers/A Joint Venture TI - COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND SCALE MODEL TESTS OF SUBWAY TUNNEL AIR FLOW PY - 1974/02 SP - 60 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe the validation of the aerodynamic theory in the subway environment simulation (SES) computer program, using data from the subway aerodynamic and thermodynamic test (SAT) scale-model facility. Direct comparisons of measured and theoretical vehicle aerodynamic drag and piston-action air flows are presented for both single train and bi-directional train operations, with and without tunnel venting. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Air resistance KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - Dynamics KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Experimental data KW - Flow KW - Mathematical models KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Scale models KW - Simulation KW - Subway environment KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Thermal properties KW - Thermodynamics KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Train resistance KW - Tunnel environment KW - Tunnels KW - Validity KW - Ventilation systems KW - Wind tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267012 AU - Rochester-Genesee Regional Transport Authority AU - Corddry, Carpenter, Dietz, and Zack TI - PLANNING MODE SELECTION AND ECONOMIC FESIBILITY REPORT-CHARLOTTE-HENRIETTA TRANSIT CORRIDOR-VOLUME I-PLANNING AND PRELIMINARY MODE SELECTION PY - 1974/02 SP - 318 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide the necessary documentation by which an evaluation may be made of the economic and technical feasibility of the proposed Charlotte-Henrietta Rapid Transit System in Rochester, New York. The Charlotte-Henrietta Corridor is unique in that the proposed right-of-way is predominantly along existing railroad lines, thus minimizing the problems of land acquisition, relocation of residences and businesses, and the interference with existing transportation systems during construction or after implementation. The rapid transit system is also being designed to permit the continuance of existing freight service during nightime operations without interference to passenger operations. Presented are an analysis of present conditions, the determination of future transit requirements and an initial analysis of alternative transportation systems. Requirements for rapid transit are based on propulation projections, employment projections, existing land use, proposed land use plans, patronage projections and resultant service characteristics. The three alternative rapid transit modes which best satisfy all of the criteria established for Rochester were the grade separated conventional rail, light rail and busway system. Appendices include description of existing railroad lines, models and projections, initial transit system design and a theoretical concept for obtaining qualitative measures of mode effectiveness. Figures, tables, maps and photographs are numerous. KW - Freight transportation KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Planning KW - Property acquisition KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267016 AU - Veatch, J F AU - Urban Transportation Study Group TI - DOWNTOWN CIRCULAR SERVICE IN KANSAS CITY AN EVALUATION OF DIME-A-TIME PY - 1974/02 SP - 81 p. AB - Since a number of cities have or are considering adopting some kind of downtown circulator service, it is useful to describe and analyze a specific bus circulator service such as Dime-A-Time in Kansas City, Missouri. This study describes Dime-A-Time and its history and then goes on to analyze Dime-A-Time by comparing its operations and characteristics with similar service in Cleveland and Denver. It is shown that by eliminating rush hour service (as in Denver), Dime-A-Time could cut its operating deficit although at the price of providing less service. A multiple regression model is used to test several hypotheses and estimate the value of the relationships among ridership, fare policy and external conditions. The estimates obtained from this regression model make it possible to evaluate the impact of fare changes. It is shown that a somewhat higher fare would increase total revenue but not substantially. The conclusions are that Dime-A-Time has been set up and operated in a reasonable manner, given its situation. Other cities may wish to adopt alternative systems such as the shorter hours used in Denver or the provision of circulator service with regular route buses. Benefits and costs of various alternatives are discussed. KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Fares KW - Jitneys KW - Mathematical models KW - Minibuses KW - Models KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267027 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE LYNCHBURG URBAN AREA PY - 1974/02 SP - 181 p. AB - The report summarizes the findings and recommendations of a technical studies planning grant for the Lynchburg, Va. urban area. Using data and information gathered throughout the study, the current status of transit service is described, trends over the past five years are provided and the financial prospects for the future operation of the Lynchburg Transit Co. are given. Using the information obtained in the community interviews, public transportation needs in the Lynchburg area are identified and transit goals and objectives are stated. Transit ownership and management alternatives are described indicating the possible advantages and disadvantages of each alternative. In response to the specific transit objectives identified earlier, a set of service modifications are presented and discussed for incorporation into a Transit Development Program. KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090101 AU - Lieb, J G AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR SEVERAL URBAN PASSENGER GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1974/02 SP - 95 p. AB - The energy consumption rates, or efficiency, of the urban passenger ground transportation modes are compared. In addition, the efficiency of new transit systems being developed including large- and small-vehicle PRT's and Dual Mode, are estimated. Various measures of actual and potential efficiency are used. On an average load basis, mass transit (transit bus and rapid rail) is from 2 to 3 times more efficient than the predominant personal modes (light truck and passenger car) and on a crush load basis, 4 times more efficient. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acceleration physics KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Consumption KW - Drag KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Electricity KW - Energy consumption KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gasoline KW - Ground transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Motorcycles KW - Performance KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Petroleum products KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling friction KW - Slopes KW - Street railroads KW - Transportation planning KW - Trucks KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080418 AU - Hartl, F B AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDIES IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: NOISE GENERATION AND ABATEMENT PY - 1974/02 SP - 143 p. AB - This report deals with the amount and intensity of transportation systems noise generation, along with efforts used to lessen the impact of noise. An introductory discussion of the physics of noise and noise measurement is given to help the reader in understanding how noise impact is analyzed. Transportation planners and designers must be aware of noise assault any proposed system will have on environment. The mandate for this stems from the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970; the first requires assessment of all Federally funded projects to determine any adverse impacts on environment and the second, aimed at highways that are Federally funded, requires noise abatement of any proposed road that hasn't received approval before July 1, 1972. (Modified author abstract) KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Sound level UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080965 AU - Eaves, R E AU - Kodis, R D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR DUAL MODE TRANSPORTATION PY - 1974/02 SP - 45 p. AB - A program is underway to develop and demonstrate transportation systems based on vehicles which are capable of automatic operation on special guideways and manual operation on conventional roads. Adequate and reliable communications to and from vehicles is essential to dual mode's success. The report treats this important aspect of communications. In the chapter on communications systems for dual mode transportation, the dual mode concept, on-guideway communications, off-guideway communications and FCC regulations are discussed. In terms of candidate communications systems communication through electromagnetic fields and closed-circuit communication through mechanical contact are covered. Conclusions are presented. References are furnished. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264034 AU - Hartl, F B AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: NOISE GENERATION AND ABATEMENT PY - 1974/02 SP - 142 p. AB - This report deals with the amount and intensity of transportation systems noise generation, along with efforts used to lessen the impact of noise. An introductory discussion of the physics of noise and noise measurement is given to help the reader in understanding how noise impact is analyzed. Transportation planners and designers must be aware of the noise assault any proposed system will have on the environment. The mandate for this stems from the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970; the first requires assessment of all Federally funded projects to determine any adverse impacts on environment and the second, aimed at highways that are Federally funded, requires noise abatement of any proposed road that hasn't received approval before first section deals with a general overview of physical phenomena associated with noise as sound energy, the physiological effects of noise. The second deals with the psychological effects. The third topic considers various major transportation systems (with primary emphasis on highway networks) and the noise they generate. Also considered are methods that can be used to abate transportation noise. Among noise sources discussed are noise from rubber tire vehicles, traffic noise, noise and vibration in rail transportation, and aircraft noise and sonic boom. References are furnished. Appendices include FHWA PPM 90-2, HUD Circular 1390.2, and FHWA Computer Simulation. /UMTA/ KW - Aircraft noise KW - Environmental impacts KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Physiological aspects KW - Psychological aspects KW - Sonic boom KW - Traffic noise KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239572 AU - George Washington Transportation Research Institute. Center for Intelligent Systems Research TI - FOSTERING URBAN TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES IN UNIVERSITIES: RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION PY - 1974/02 SP - 113 p. AB - SECTION II OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1964, AS AMENDED, PROVIDES GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES FOR RESEARCH, STUDENT FELLOWSHIPS, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER ACTIVITIES. UMTA HAS BEEN EXPLORING THE FEASIBILITY OF CONCENTRATING AVAILABLE SUPPORT AT A SMALLER NUMBER OF INSTITUTION WHICH WOULD PERMIT MORE EXTENSIVE PROGRAMS AT THE SELECTED UNIVERSITIES. IT IS ALSO SEARCHING FOR WAYS TO STIMULATE RESEARCH, TRAINING, AND OTHER ACTIVITIES MORE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND OPERATIONS, BOTH FOR UMTA PROGRAMS AND FOR THE CONCERNS OF STATE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL AGENCIES INVOLVED IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. THIS STUDY FOUND THAT UMTA GRANTS TO UNIVERSITIES HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BOTH RESEARCH AND TRAINED PERSONNEL IN THE FIELD OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION. INDICATIONS ARE THAT WHETHER A UNIVERSITY IS PUBLIC OR PRIVATE HAS LITTLE RELATION TO ITS ABILITY TO SERVE AS A RESOURCE FOR A REGION LARGER THAN A SINGLE STATE, ALTHOUGH OTHER INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS MAY AFFECT THIS ABILITY. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ARE: 1) UMTA SHOULD INITIATE A LIMITED NUMBER OF "PROGRAMS" IN UNIVERSITIES, WITH A HIGHER LEVEL AND GREATER CONTINUITY OF FUNDING THAN IN THE PAST; 2) A PORTION OF THE FUNDS SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR LESS EXTENSIVE "PROJECT" TYPE SUPPORT; 3) ONE OR MORE "CENTERS" SHOULD BE EVOLVED ON AN EXPERIMENTAL BASIS; 4) A STEERING COMMITTEE SHOULD BE CREATED FOR ASSESSMENT; 5) A PHASE TRANSITION SHOULD BE MADE. /UMTA/ KW - Fund allocations KW - Governments KW - Research KW - Transportation planning KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174729 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Maryland Department of Transportation TI - BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM. PHASE I PY - 1974/01 SP - 131 p. AB - Significant transportation planning for Baltimore was begun in the early 1960's with an analysis of the long-range and specific urban transportation requirements for the region. The T9-6 (September 1971-December 1973) is one more step in the continuing planning and design process leading to the construction and operation of a public rapid transit system in the Baltimore region; it is administered and supervised by the Mass Transit Administration. This report presents a review of the work completed and the results achieved by the T9-6 Baltimore Rapid Transit project, and summarizes the rapid transit development program to date, as well as the current and future program leading to Phase I implementation. The basic purpose of the T9-6 project was to provide preliminary engineering designs, design criteria and guide specifications for the Phase I system; and to develop additional studies and analyses relative to cost, schedule, and other technical aspects to serve as a basis for the current Phase I Capital Grant Project. The Phase I system includes the Northwest and South lines (about 28 miles of line structure and 20 stations). The two Phase I lines are completely grade separated along routes extending northwest and south from Charles Center, and will provide frequent, high-speed, automated rapid transit service utilizing modern steel wheel vehicles traveling on steel rails. The two Phase I lines and corresponding stations are illustrated herein. KW - City planning KW - Cost engineering KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maryland KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routing KW - Specifications KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176547 AU - Kaiser Engineers TI - BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM. PHASE 1 REPORT PY - 1974/01 SP - 131 p. AB - Significant transportation planning for Baltimore was begun in the early 1960's with an analysis of the long-range and specific urban transportation requirements for the region. The T9-6 (September 1971-December 1973) is one more step in the continuing planning and design process leading to the construction and operaiton of a public rapid transit system in the Baltimore region; it is administered and supervised by the Mass Transit Administration. This report presents a review of the work completed and the results achieved by the T9-6 Baltimore Rapid Transit project, and summarizes the rapid transit development program to date, as well as the current and future program leading to Phase I implementation. The basic purpose of the T9-6 project was to provide preliminary engineering designs, design criteria and guide specifications for the Phase I system; and to develop additional studies and analyses relative to cost, schedule, and other technical aspects to serve as a basis for the current Phase I Capital Grant Project. The Phase I system includes the Northwest and South lines (about 28 miles of line structure and 20 stations). The two Phase I lines are completely grade separated along routes extending northwest and south from Charles Center, and will provide frequent, high-speed, automated rapid transit service utilizing modern steel wheel vehicles traveling on steel rails. The two Phase I lines and corresponding stations are illustrated herein. Final design is not included in this report. It is anticipated that final design for the Phase I system will proceed in subsequent work programs. KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Engineering KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Specifications KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081295 AU - Jamison, E E AU - National Scientific Laboratories, Incorporated TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENTS OF PRT SYSTEMS AT "TRANSPO 72", VOLUME III--FORD SYSTEM SN - UM409/R4716 PY - 1974/01 SP - 56 p. AB - An X-Y plot is made of the radiated electromagnetic signals and noise between 1 KHz and 50 KHz at each of the four Personalized Rapid Transit (PRT) sites at Dulles International Airport. The PRT systems were operated individually to establish the signal characteristics of each system. A spectrum analyzer was used to view the frequency spectrum broadband prior to recording and a Polaroid scope camera was used in conjunction with the spectrum analyzer to photograph signals between 50 KHz and 50 MHz. This frequency range was sufficiently broad to cover all command and control frequencies of the four PRT systems. The purpose of the measurements program was to establish some base line information on the electromagnetic signal characteristics in the Dullas area in the event there was an interaction between the PRT Command and Control systems and the Federal Aviation Administration Air Traffic Control equipment. The measurements obtained during this series of tests will be used for a comparison with data obtained with no PRT systems operating and later with all four systems operating simultaneously. KW - Air traffic control KW - Electromagnetic properties KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Spectrum analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093345 AU - CRAIN, J L AU - Fitzgerald, P G AU - Stoffel, F C AU - Three Affiliated Tribes AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Crain and Associates TI - FORT BERTHOLD INDIAN RESERVATION BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1974/01 SP - 203 p. AB - A demonstration project was designed to develop and evaluate a transit system in a growing urban-rural Indian Region in Central North Dakota. Fort Berthold is a reservation of about 650 square miles, with an Indian population of approximately 2,774. The people reside mainly is five small towns. The distance from the main town to the most distant community is 110 miles. The primary concern of the project was to support the economic and social development of the entire region by interconnecting the various, and sometimes isolated communities with employment, commercial, medical, educational, and other centers of activity. An element of the project was to search for ways of incorporating all the transit services in the region into a package that would sustain the system at a point where it would become economically self-sufficient. KW - Activity centers KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Demographics KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Distance KW - Economic development KW - Households KW - Improvements KW - Indian reservations KW - Native Americans KW - North Dakota KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Questionnaires KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Small towns KW - Social factors KW - Social values KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263921 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION POOLING PY - 1974/01 SP - 283 p. AB - With the advent of impending energy shortages in the winter of 1973-74, the U.S. Department of Transportation embarked on an accelerated program to promote increased use of high-occupancy vehicles--transit and carpools. As part of this program a series of reports was prepared that summarized the major aspects of carpool programs designed to assist local areas in initiating successful pooling action programs. This report is a collection of the ten individual reports. The goal of the Carpool/Buspool program is to satisfy travel requirements more efficiently by increasing passenger occupancy in autos and buses, thereby reducing the number of vehicles using the streets and highways. Achievement of that goal calls for coordination among many institutions within a metropolitan region. The information and techniques presented in this report should be considered as a guide to the development of a sound program in a metropolitan area. The individual reports contained in this volume are: Review of Carpool Activities, Organization for Carpooling, Approaches to Matching, Legal and Institutional Issues, Incentives to Carpooling, Transit/Taxi Coordination, Vanpools, Buspools, Pooling for the Disadvantaged, and Carpool Backup Systems. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Buspools KW - Carpools KW - Energy KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Paratransit services KW - Programs KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092338 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Associated Engineers/A Joint Venture TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION (SES) HEAT CONDUCTION MODEL VALIDATION PY - 1974/01 SP - 43 p. AB - The purpose of this particular report describes the validation of heat conduction analytical model which comprises part of the subway environment simulation (SES) computer program. The conduction model is a closed form transfer cylindrical coordinate frame solution which treats the case of unsteady heat transfer in two, interfacing concentric materials. The validation was accomplished through field tests conducted within the Toronto Transit Commission subway over several months. The field measurements, including temperature at the tunnel air-wall interface and temperature in the earth beyond the tunnel structure, were compared directly with analytical model predictions. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Conduction KW - Cooling systems KW - Environment KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Field tests KW - Flow KW - Heat KW - Heat transfer KW - Heating KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Subway environment KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Surface temperature KW - Temperature KW - Tests KW - Toronto Transit Commission KW - Tunnels KW - Validation KW - Validity KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092329 AU - RRC International Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN ROCKLAND COUNTY PY - 1974/01 SP - 109 p. AB - The objective of the report is to develop a precise description of the transportation problems of the handicapped and elderly in Rockland County, N.Y., and to formulate an operational solution to these problems. The essence of the statement of work scope is that a joint Federal-local, multi-agency approach should be used to develop the transportation facilities deemed necessary as a result of this planning study. Key elements to the work statement are data gathering and analysis, system design sketch, support plan and implementation plan. Some of the major problems facing the elderly and handicapped are delineated. A system design plan incorporating some of the following elements has been developed: establishment of a County office responsible for all transportation activities; development of a 'Council of Agencies' to coordinate agency needs, including transportation; appointment of a Policy Advisory Committee drawn form the agencies, government, target group and employers; 'Purchase of Service' agreements between agencies and the centralized transit operation to provide target group activities; and recommendation of Federal funding for three major purposes. KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Coordination KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Hospitals KW - Local government KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Minorities KW - New York (State) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Problem solving KW - Routes KW - Shopping centers KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation problems KW - Transportation routes KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261577 AU - Sudar, S AU - Grantham, L AU - Atomics International TI - DIESEL EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM PY - 1974/01 SP - 150 p. AB - The purpose of the report was to demonstrate a prototype of the atomics International diesel exhaust control system in a Southern California Rapid Transit District bus (a flexible coach equipped with a Detroit Diesel 6V-71N engine). The program objectives were to meet the California 1975 heavy-duty vehicle standards and to establish the economics of the system. Emission reduction objectives were attained except for the reduction of NO sub x. To meet California requirements of less than 5 gm/B-Hp-Hr of combined HC and NO sub x, larger residence times were required. The resulting muffler size may not be compatible with bus installation constraints. Alternative technologies of NO sub x control under development by diesel engine manufacturers may prove to be more cost effective. Advantages and disadvantages of the Atomics International diesel exhaust emission control system (DEEC) in vehicle application are discussed. Recommendations are offered and conclusions reached. Tables and figures are numerous. Appendices include the tabulation of laboratory test data, muffler performance test reports provided by the California Air Resources Board, Air Resources Laboratory, and a market analysis for the DDEC muffler. KW - Air quality management KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Diesel engines KW - Emission control systems KW - Pollution KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/134816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260171 AU - Cunningham, Short, Berryman and Associates, Inc TI - LONG BEACH TRANSIT MARKETING PROJECT PY - 1974/01 SP - 41 p. AB - The Long Beach Public Transportation Company received an UMTA demonstration grant to fund a program which, through innovative marketing, would attempt to focus on increased ridership among traditional "non-transit users", specifically those in moderate income categories and others not considered "transit captives." The foremost goal of the Transit Marketing Project was to familiarize the citizens with the advantages of bus travel and the services of the city-owned Long Beach Public Transportation Company. An extensive public information campaign was launched in the community. Augumenting the community outreach efforts were a newspaper-radio campaign and special on-board services such as free coffee. It was felt that these measures would do much to increase "middle class" acceptance of transit as a socially acceptable form of mobility, as well as increase awareness of the availability of public transportation among lower income persons. Statistical analysis enabled the determination of changes in 5 basic variables: ridership patterns; attitude toward riding the bus; trip frequency; source of bus information; and revenue data. Results of the evaluation are in table form. Appendices include the survey instrument and examples of newspaper advertisements. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Bus transportation KW - Marketing KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267007 AU - Mundy, R A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - MARKETING URBAN MASS TRANSIT-1973 PY - 1974/01 SP - 26 p. AB - In 1962, Dr. Lewis M. Schneider collected data on the marketing practices of 12 U.S. transit systems (Marketing Urban Mass Transit, Harvard University Press, Boston, 1965). This 1974 report is an update of the marketing progress that has been made in the 10 years since Schneider's study. Forty-one transit systems are examined in this study. Eighteen of the 41 polled now have formal departments of marketing and the vast majority of marketing officers are considered members of the top management team. In terms of marketing activity, the decision to create or expand the marketing role has occured more frequently in medium and a few small transit systems rather than in large systems. It was found that the average expenditure for marketing by transit systems was not different from that determined by Schneider. Smaller systems appear to lead the shift from a a product to a market-oriented transit industry. Internal problems of marketers are delineated and include line vs. staff conflicts. According to the author, development and implementation of an integrated marketing strategy designed to attract different classes of riders has not yet been accomplished although the past 10 years have been ones of marketing awareness for some. Tables and figures support the text. Appendices are "Marketing Practices in Transit Industry" questionnaire and a worksheet of results of the survey. References are included. KW - Administration KW - Advertising KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Rapic transit systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Small towns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267026 AU - Mundy, R A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - U.S. AND CANADIAN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1974/01 SP - 156 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate U.S. and Canadian transit systems on a comparative basis. It was proposed that this investigation be confined to the study of three conceptual variables of organizational structure and personnel profiles, personnel process, and marketing strategies. The basic objective of the study was to provide knowledge that would be of use in establishing and implementing policies concerning the basis or rationale for investment in the development of U.S. transit personnel and the marketing of transit services. A major problem of those wishing to recommend investment in the development of human resources is the demonstration of tangible results. It is the authors belief that internal development of U.S. transit personnel and their policies is the most expedient route to revitalizing public transit in U.S. cities. The quality of individuals who serve in transit's managerial, technical, and supervisory positions is a leading (if not single-most important) determinant of the extent to which mass transit will be improved. A bibliography is included. Among the appendices are the transit interview format, transit employee questionnaire, marketing practices in transit industry, and personnel process and marketing strategy worksheets. KW - Canada KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094642 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN ST. LOUIS. VOLUME I. MAIN REPORT PY - 1974/01 SP - 80 p. AB - The report describes in 2 volumes the transportation problems of the handicapped and older persons of St. Louis, Missouri. The features of the proposed plan are: (1) contracts between the Bi-State Development Agency and health-welfare agencies for purchased transit services; (2) reductions in fares for all persons over 65, and further reductions, through a specific agency contract, for seniors and handicapped who are poor; (3) a special demand actuated subsidiary of the Bi-State system providing door-to-door service for handicapped persons and for the elderly who do not live near the present bus routes; and (4) an accountability system that assures payment for all trips under the various agency contracts. The major breakthrough of the proposed demonstration would be the entry of the transit operator into a new social service role, providing transportation on a purchased services basis in support of health-welfare programs. Simultaneously, the operator would be initiating a new form of public transportation---small bus, demand actuated, door-to-door service. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Door to door service KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Health KW - Level of service KW - Missouri KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Sociology KW - Standard of living KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094641 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR SENIORS AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN ST. LOUIS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES PY - 1974/01 SP - 145 p. AB - The primary purpose of the St. Louis Transportation Study was to identify the unmet public transit needs of the elderly and handicapped and plan a demonstration project to respond to these needs. Several specific innovations were being considered at the time, including a reduced fare plan for senior citizens and the handicapped during off-peak hours and a subsidiary, demand-actuated transit service for the physically disabled. KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Missouri KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Sociology KW - Standard of living KW - Traffic KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509275 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Airport high speed line from Penn Center to the Philadelphia International Airport : environmental impact statement PY - 1974///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070612 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Archer Ave route (proposed) construction, Queens : environmental impact statement PY - 1974///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070610 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Unified transportation assistance program, Bill amending Title 23, U.S. Code, Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 : environmental impact statement PY - 1974///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772719 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1974 SP - 504 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the General Motors Dual Mode Transit System (DMTS) concept and to develop a preliminary system design. This report summarizes the effort and the concept, with particular emphasis on the rationale behind system and subsystem design decisions. KW - Automated vehicle control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143928 AU - Central Midlands Regional Planning Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPREHENSIVE TRANSIT STUDY. THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 1974 SP - 165 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to formulate and evaluate alternative transportation concepts which would provide internal circulation within the University of South Carolina (in Columbia) complex. Such a system would serve both university and non-university persons. The planning efforts made in the study relate to overall transportation system planning for the Columbia area. Demographic information, coupled with interviews of students, faculty, and staff, provided descriptive measures of the university population. A recommended plan was developed which encouraged a pedestrian environment for the campus area integrated with highway improvements and key fringe parking facilities. Access to parking areas and circulation within the campus is to be provided initially by mini-buses, eventually, as long-range demand criteria are satisfied, automated Personal Rapid Transit systems are recommended. Interface with the surrounding community and its transportation facilities, existing as well as planned, is accomplished at all levels of development. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Demographics KW - Interviewing KW - Minibuses KW - Neighborhoods KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Pedestrians KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Public relations KW - Routes KW - South Carolina KW - Transportation planning KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082931 AU - Nussbaum, E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LABOR SAVINGS IN A DUAL MODE TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1974 SP - 63 p. AB - Dual Mode Transit Systems will be less labor intensive than conventional bus operations because each vehicle will make a large percentage of every trip on an automated guideway. To determine the labor savings achievable, data from the 1971 Milwaukee County Dual Mode Systems Study were used as inputs to the RUCUS programs to produce realistic driver schedules. It was found that a practical saving of 58 percent would be obtainable for a case in which the theoretical saving was 66 percent. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267029 AU - Morris, R J AU - Stanford University TI - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRIP DISTRIBUTION AND ASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN DEVELOPING REGIONS PY - 1973/12 SP - 409 p. AB - Several different models have been developed in the past decade for the performance of trip distribution and traffic assignment functions in the modeling of transportation systems. Few have been designed for application to intercity planning in developing regions, a setting in which the high degree of uncertainty in the available data poses special problems. Four trip distribution models--the Furness growth factor model, gravity model, intervening opportunities model and preferencing model; and four traffic assignment models--the all or nothing model, one pass multiple routing by centroid model, incremental assignment model and DIAL multipath assignment model, are described and compared in order to provide insight into the problem of model selection. The research hypothesis tested is that differences in results obtained from the various models are much more sensitive to the uncertainty in input data than to the effects of the different models tested. To test this hypothesis the models were calibrated, and each of the possible 16 combinations was applied to the highway network of Northeast Brazil, using data obtained from the 1967 Brazil Transport Survey. The principal techniques used for analyzing results were a two-day analysis of variance procedure, and procedures based on Friedman rank sums. Based on results of these analyses, it was concluded that significant differences in the trip distribution models did exist, although similarities were noted between the growth factor and gravity models, and between the intervening opportunities and preferencing models. The differences in the link flows resulting from the effects of the traffic assignment models were much less than the differences resulting from the effects of the trip distribution models. /UMTA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Developing countries KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Traffic assignment KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00090477 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Los Angeles City Demonstration Agency TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR THE EAST/NORTHEAST AND WATTS MODEL CITIES NEIGHBORHOODS PY - 1973/12 SP - 51 p. AB - The report documents activities and operations of Demand-Responsive Transportation Projects in the East/Northeast and Greater Watts Model Cities Neighborhoods from May 1, '73 to Oct. 31, '73. The project was designed to demonstrate that a demand-responsive public transportation system using subscription techniques could be a successful and important service in supplementing existing fixed-route bus operations. A fleet of 12-passenger, radio-dispatched vans would provide low fare transportation (0.15). Operating data describing ridership, revenues, travel characteristics, types of pick-ups and general performance in terms of wait and travel times are included. Funds expended and estimated monthly operating costs are delineated. Productivity measures are evaluated. KW - Bus transportation KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fixed routes KW - Model Cities Program KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Radio KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Subscription bus service KW - Transit buses KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/23708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094405 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Departmental Science, Incorporated TI - VENT AND STATION TEST (VST) FACILITY - SPECIAL AND COMPLEX VENT SHAFT TESTING PY - 1973/12 SP - 230 p. AB - This report has been prepared under the Transit Development Corporation, Inc. (TDC) project, 'Ventilation and Environmental Control in Subway Rapid Transit System' and is one of many such reports leading to the final product a 'Subway Environmental Design Handbook.' The purpose of this particular report is to present and describe the testing of special and more complex vent shafts. A generalized theory is formulated as an extension of this and previous VST work. Comparison between theory and experiment, according to the authors, is good. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Environmental control KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flow KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Structural design KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Testing KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems KW - Vents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00082956 AU - Research Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council TI - FOUNDATION FOR MASS TRANSIT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION MANAGEMENT REPORT PY - 1973/12 SP - 80 p. AB - The Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (TBRPC) has pursued a vigorous program of transportation planning for the Tampa Bay Region. Resulting from this effort has been the identification of the need for establishment of a public mass transit planning and operating authority to execute studies related to the eventual development and operation of a mass transit system in the Tampa Bay Region. The study was performed as part of the 'Coordinated Support Services Management Study' of the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council for the Authority. KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080939 AU - Research Group, Incorporated TI - FOUNDATIONS FOR MASS TRANSIT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION. MANAGEMENT REPORT PY - 1973/12 SP - 80 p. AB - Report is part of a work effort being performed for the "Coordinated Support Services" program of the Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council (TBROC) to the Tampa Bay Area Rapid Transit Authority (TBART) in Florida. Report reviews recent efforts of TBRPC to establish the Authoriy. Chart. I, "Organizing for Transit Development," covers steps taken by the Planning Council and TBART to establish the Authority and reviews issues related to securing the required local committments to undertake a transit development planning project. Chapt. II describes the nature and source of existing State and Federal grant programs to financially support planning and preliminary engineering efforts of the Authority, and alternative sources of long-term local financial resources necessary to support system construction, operation and maintenance. The chapter on "TBART Pre-Referendum Intergovernmental Relations Program" addresses itself to the procedural requirements necessary in the planning process to secure approval of the adopted TBART system concepts by units of local government, the State of Florida, and UMTA. Chapt. IV reviews the organizational structure and staffing pattern of transit agencies similar to TBART in legal and transit development status, recommends on organizational framework and accompanying pre-referendum staffing pattern and estimates financial resources required to support the Authority in the pre-referendum period. Chapt. V deals with issues confronting the Authority as it moves from system design efforts to construction and operation of a proposed transit system. /UMTA/ KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Labor unions KW - Organization KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080263 AU - Brown, R L AU - Lund, Jay R. AU - KIDDER, A E AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1973/12 SP - 48 p. AB - Previous studies of transportation need of the North Carolina Piedmont Triad area indicate that low income, carless residents of urban centers and hinterland are very dependent on other auto drivers for mobility. Bus service accounts for no more than 30% of trips taken by carless residents despite a wide network inside city limits. Taxis or 'catching a ride' are alternate modes upon which the carless have come to depend. Studies have shown that these people without access to cars have difficulties getting to medical facilities, manpower training programs and getting children to recreational programs. Social service agencies in Greensboro, North Carolina, have identified the needs of low income residents and each agency has its own program which has attempted to solve the problem of immobility among its clients. With the cooperation of 24 agencies, surveys were conducted to answer questions related to the transportation resources currently at the disposal of the agencies. Recommendations were put forth and hypotheses tested. Models for alternative consolidated systems for improving transportation services of agencies are presented and advantages and disadvantages examined. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260637 AU - Klamath Area Transit TI - COMMUNITY/SCHOOL BUS PROJECT. A PILOT PROJECT USING SCHOOL BUSES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1973/12 SP - 108 p. AB - The Community/School Bus Project, funded by a demonstration grant from UMTA, was designed to test the feasibility of using school buses for public transportation when not in school service, thus obviating formidable capital investment in equipment. Klamath Falls, Oregon, is a small urban community (approximately 36,000) lying in the heart of a sparsely populated region. Prior to the commencement of this project the area has been without the public bus service since 1958. According to the 1970 Census, nearly 15% of the population was 62 years of age or older. The combination of a number of conditions, namely, a community without public transportation and a growing demand for such service, the resistance of taxpayers to local budget increases, and the existence of idle school buses led to the conception of this demonstration project. Three objectives were: (1) to test and report on feasibility of using school buses for public transportation during their idle hours; (2) to evaluate the need for public transportation in the area; and (3) to lay a foundation for continuing a public bus service after conclusion of the project. The two phases of the project were during the 1972-3 school year when service was part-time and during the summer of 1973 when buses were continually available. Organization, operations, community response, local versus state operation, legislation, conclusions and recommendations are discussed. Photographs complement the text and appendices include advertising techniques. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Community consequences KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Public transit KW - School buses KW - Small cities KW - Social impacts KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095362 AU - Research Group, Incorporated TI - FOUNDATIONS FOR MASS TRANSIT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION: MANAGEMENT REPORT PY - 1973/12 AB - This report reviews efforts of the TBRPC to establish the Authority. It examines issues related to securing required local commitments to undertake transit development planning projects, financial support, preliminary engineering efforts, organizational framework and other related topics. KW - Energy KW - Labor unions KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Organization KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083347 AU - Merritt, J C AU - Purdue University TI - THE EFFECT OF IMPROVED SERVICE ON THE BUS TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN THE GREATER LAFAYETTE AREA PY - 1973/12 SP - 44 p. AB - This report was for the purpose of studying the effects of new equipment and improved routing on the type of riders and their attitudes toward the local transit system, the Greater Lafayette (Indiana) Transportation Corporation. The report analyzes the change in characteristics and attitudes of the riders, both old system riders and new riders. Two on-board surveys were conducted, one before the initiation of the new system (March 1973) and one afterwards (October 1973). The results of the data gathered showed a trend change in public transportation for the Greater Lafayette area. Daily ridership had more than doubled since the ribbon cutting ceremony and was still increasing. In areas where improvements in service had been made, rider attitudes had improved. Attitudes toward the driver were the most positive of any area. In terms of service dependability, the rider again expressed a more positive attitude. As for efficiency and convenience of the service of the service, riders indicated that the system was performing well. The type of person found on the buses was changing with increased ridership. The new rider drawn to the system were, for the most part, younger, had more education, and had a higher family income when compared to those who had been riding for more than a year. And, an increased percentage of new riders had other means of transportation. Appendices of the report include the questionnaire and results of the administration of the questionnaire. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080254 AU - McAulay, A D AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DETECTION OF TRACK GUIDED GROUND VEHICLES USING THE TRACK AS AN ELECTROMAGNETIC SURFACE WAVEGUIDE PY - 1973/12 SP - 193 p. AB - The importance of vehicle detection and communication in mass transportation systems is discussed along with the advantages of track guided systems and the use of automation. Present and proposed methods of tracked vehicle detection are reviewed. An innovative method is proposed for detecting or communicating with tracked vehicles in which the track is used as an open waveguide. The characteristics of a rail as a communication channel are determined and suggestions for analyzing other parts of the system are discussed. A method of analyzing wavelengths of arbitrary shape and consisting of glossy materials was required. The problem of distinguishing the desired modes from non-physical spurious and other modes is discussed and the complete set of programs is listed and described. History, definitions, and applications of electromagnetic surface waves are reviewed and behavior of two types of surface waves are presented. KW - Automatic train control KW - Automatic train location KW - Automation KW - Communications KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetic waveguides KW - Electromagnetism KW - Railroad trains KW - Waveguides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098420 AU - Brastow, W C AU - Stanford University TI - A MODEL FOR DYNAMIC TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT IN CONGESTED NETWORKS WITH SHOCK WAVES PY - 1973/12 SP - 123 p. AB - A mathematical formulation of a dynamic, deterministic traffic assignment algorithm particularly applicable to congested networks is specified. The model lies between the traditional stochastic simulation models, and the static, multicommodity flow formulations of the traffic assignment problem in level of detail. The following properties make the model appear to be useful for the investigation of time varying flows in congested networks of moderately large size. Exogenous demand for travel between trip origins and destinations are treated as piecewise- constant functions of time. These demands are transformed via flow-density relations, which are assumed known for each network link, into piecewise constant functions of distance ("flow packets") which approximate the time and space-varying distributions of vehicle density on network links. The increased densities characteristic of congestion are propagated backward resulting in increased travel times, not only on the under-capacity links, but also on the upstream links feeding them. The model forces the distribution of flows to approach those of "user optimized" flows at any instant by dynamically reassigning flow elements to their shortest-time paths whenever these elements reach nodes which intersect alternative partial paths to their destinations. KW - Algorithms KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Time KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262574 AU - McAulay, A D AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - DETECTION OF TRACK GUIDED GROUND VEHICLES USING THE TRACK AS AN ELECTRO MAGNETIC SURFACE WAVEGUIDE SN - PA-11-0007 PY - 1973/12 SP - 267 p. AB - The importance of vehicle detection and communication in mass transportation systems is discussed in this report, along with the advantages of track guided systems and the use of atuomation. Present and proposed methods of tracked vehicle detection are reviewed. An innovative method is proposed for detecting or communicating with tracked vehicles in which the track is used as an open waveguide. The characteristics of a rail as a communication channel are determined and suggestions for analyzing other parts of the system are discussed. The problem of distinguishing the desired modes for non-physical spurious and other modes is discussed and the complete set of programs is listed and described. History, definitions, and applications of electromagnetic surface waves are reviewed and behavior of 2 types of surface waves are presented so that results may be more easily understood. In order to verify the above procedure, determine the limitations and gain insight, relatively simple structures are considered for which some analytical results are available. The numerical procedure was applied to a steel rail augmented by a strip of dielectric material, resting directly on the ground. Results indicate that the proposed method is technically feasible for vehicle detection and suggestions are made for further study. References, tables, figures and appendices are included. KW - Communications KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rayleigh waves KW - Tracked vehicles KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Waveguides UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260513 AU - Frank, J E AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - COODINATION OF URBAN GROWTH POLICY AND FISCAL POLICY WITH TRANSPORTATION POLICY AT THE STATE AND SUB-STATE LEVEL PY - 1973/12 SP - 104 p. AB - The central concerns of this report are: (1) the examination of two groups of policy options which recently have been suggested as mechanisms for rationalizing the control of urban development; and (2) the investigation of the possibilities for relating these policies in coordinative fashion to development-sensitive transportation policies within urban areas. The two groups of policy examined are state involvement in urban growth policy and land use controls and development-related fiscal policy. The interrelationship between transportation and land use and the three approaches to modeling land use/transportation interface and the theoretical-behavioral approach are presented. State involvement includes discussion of the historical development of land use controls and the recent entry of states into development control policy, the trend toward comprehensive revision of enabling statutes for local development control and the implications for transportation policy. Two major land use distortions resulting from local revenue systems and trends in fiscal policy are discussed. The potential for coordination and reinforcement among transportation, land use and fiscal policies is presented. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Development KW - Land use KW - Land use controls KW - Land use planning KW - Laws KW - Policy KW - Regional planning KW - State government KW - State planning KW - States KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267018 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments TI - BICENTENNIAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL AREA PY - 1973/12 SP - 88 p. AB - This report examines the impact of the Bicentennial celebration on the transportation facilities available to Washington, D.C. visitors in 1976. The study projects the number of out-of-town visitors to be expected, based upon existing tourist levels and announced plans for commorative events and exhibits. It has also estimated the demand for transit and other forms of transportation by visitors in 1976 and the report has recommended the type and amount of transit and other transportation improvements which should be developed to meet the anticipated demand. The recommendations of this study are directed toward the following major problems: parking for automobiles of visitors attending exhibits and cermeonies in the downtown Mall area; transportation of visitors between their automobiles and the Mall area; transportation of visitors within the Mall area; and providing information to visitors on the availability and costs of transportation. KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Information systems KW - Motor vehicles KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Tourists UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240056 AU - KOIKE, H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A MODEL FOR GENERATING SOCIALLY DESIRABLE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS PY - 1973/12 AB - THIS STUDY REPRESENTS AN EFFORT TO DEVELOP A MODEL WHICH IS CAPABLE OF DESIGNING OR IMPROVING A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK SYSTEM THAT WILL LEAD TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A GIVEN SOCIAL GOAL. THE INCREASE OF SATISFACTION LEVEL INDEX IS USED AS THE GOAL AND IS A FUNCTION OF OPPORTUNITY (TRANSPORTATION OR EMPLOYMENT ACCESSIBILITY) AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS. THE MODEL IS STRUCTURED TO PRODUCE A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK DESIGN THAT HAS A HIGHER AND MORE EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SATISFACTION LEVEL INDEX THAN A GIVEN BASELINE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SATISFACTION LEVEL. THE DESIGN PROCESS IS GUIDED BY THE WEIGHTING FUNCTION OF PUBLIC POLICY. IT GIVES PEOPLE WITH LOW LEVEL OF SATISFACTION PROPORTIONATELY MORE WEIGHT THAN THOSE WHO ARE PRESENTLY HIGHLY SATISFIED. THE TRAVEL DESIRES OF THIS WEIGHTED POPULATION DISTRIBUTION ARE THEN USED TO GUIDE THE DESIGN OR IMPROVEMENT OF THE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK. /UMTA/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - Social values KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260166 AU - Mundy, R A AU - SPYCHALSKI, J C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park TI - MANAGERIAL RESOURCES AND PERSONNEL PRACTICES IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SN - PA-11-0010 PY - 1973/11 SP - 320 p. AB - The primary purpose of this project was to identify and evaluate policies, practices and other conditions relating to the supply of managerial personnel in the urban mass transit industry. The study, conducted during 1972-1973, sought to provide information concerning the following: (1) an inventory of management, technical, and supervisory personnel in the industry; (2) a current profile of management and technical personnel; (3) a summary of personnel practices and training methods now being used in the industry; (4) an assessment of manpower demand and supply in the industry by administrative levels; (5) a review of the roles of UMTA, universities and the industry in improving the training of personnel in the transit industry with respect to training methods, course contents, level of support for trainees and related matters. Questionnaires supplemented by personal interviews with transit property officials were used to obtain data. Ten Canadian and thirty-one U.S. transit properties were polled. The survey was designed to permit statistical inferences to be drawn for the industry as a whole. Accoring to the author, little formal organization and planning concerning the development and utilization of human managerial resources were found to exist within the U.S. urban transit industry. Furthermore, according to the author, urgent action is needed to prevent deterioration of the industry's management structure. Data are presented. KW - Education KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Training devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201072 AU - Harvey, D L AU - Nagel, J W AU - Vanlieshout, W T AU - Malachuk, D AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK IV REPORT--VOLUME III-REPORTING SYSTEM FORMS PY - 1973/11 SP - 133 p. AB - THE REPORT IS THE THIRD VOLUME IN A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A UNIFORM REPORTING SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY. IT PROVIDES THE FORMS FOR THE WORK DONE IN PART 2 WITH APPROPRIATE CROSS REFERENCES. INCLUDED ARE ASSET REPORTING FORMS, LIABILITY REPORTING FORMS, CAPITAL REPORTING FORMS, EXPENSE REPORTING FORMS, AND NONFINANCIAL OPERATING DATA REPORTING FORMS. PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE NOT FULLY LEGIBLE. /NTIS/ KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standardization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201070 AU - Harvey, D L AU - Nagel, J W AU - Vanlieshout, W T AU - Malachuk, D AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK IV REPORT--VOLUME I-TASK AND PROJECT SUMMARY PY - 1973/11 SP - 80 p. AB - THE REPORT IS THE FIRST VOLUME IN A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A REPORTING SYSTEM WHICH WOULD BE UNIFORM FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. IT CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TASK III, THE THIRD OF FOUR TASKS IN PROJECT FARE (UNIONFORM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING ELEMENTS). PART 1 COVERS THE NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY, GENERAL DESIGN, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUDES WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANS OF TASK IV, THE LAST SCHEDULING OF THE SERIES. /NTIS/ KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standardization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262345 AU - Tucker, T AU - Schenker, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - A STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF FINANCING FUTURE TRANSPORT NEEDS OF THE MILWAUKEE URBAN AREA PY - 1973/11 SP - 56 p. AB - An examination is made of sources of revenue for financing future transport needs with an emphasis on the needs of the Milwaukee area. Revenue sources are evaluated on the basis of four criteria: how much revenue is provided by the source; how well the source encourages people to conserve transportation resources; how equitably the sources allocates burdens; and the extent to which the source provides demand signals for the adjustment of the scale of the transport system. The study concludes that: (1) at the federal level the most effective source of revenue is the funding provision of the Urban Mass Trancit Act; (2) at the state level the two most effective revenue sources are increases in the excise tax on gasoline, increases in vehicle registration fees; and (3) at the local level in two most effective sources of revenue are a surcharge on all-day parking and an ad valorem tax on automobiles registered in the Milwaukee urban area. /UMTA/ KW - Demand KW - Financing KW - Gasoline KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135246 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267014 AU - Truby, T J AU - Consortium of Universities TI - DOOR-TO-DOOR BUSPOOLS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PUBLIC POLICY PY - 1973/11 SP - 57 p. AB - Buspools, based on a partnership between a group of riders and a privately-owned bus company, provide potentially higher efficiency for commuter travel than traditional bus service. Pickup and discharge close to home and office eliminate necessary of transfer. Routes and schedules may be tailored to a specific group of commuters. Overcrowding is reduced. Multiple-trip tickets diminish demand for exact change and offer discount fares. Personnel is on-board, in addition to the driver, to generally make the trip more comfortable. For these reasons, this report suggests that buspools be given serious consideration in formulating public transportation policy relating to commuter travel. The purpose of the report is to aid that consideration by first, describing the planning, implementation, expansion, refinement and problem areas of 2 previously undocumented community initiated and operated buspools based in Columbia, Maryland, servicing Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Maryland, and then, by identifying ways that public policy can encourage creation of buspools. Buspools in Columbia; Reston, Virginia; Flint, Michigan; and Peoria and Decatur, Illinois, are compared. Indicated are overall advantages of having riders participate in operations and of having privately-owned companies rather than public transit authorities, provide buses and drivers. Public policy could encourage consumers' attempts to develop buspools by facilitating matching of time-origin-destination data, providing seed money to cover deficits in the initial period of operation and devising pricing policies for the charter of public transit equipment and drivers. Data on rider surveys, routes and scheduling, population characteristics and location maps are provided. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Buspools KW - Charter operations KW - Park and ride KW - Ridership KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091365 AU - Roberts, K R AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE SCHEDULING AND DRIVER RUN CUTTING. RUCUS PACKAGE OVERVIEW PY - 1973/11 SP - 25 p. AB - This report describes the Run Cutting and Scheduling (RUCUS) package, which is a set of computer programs designed to assist in headway sheet development, vehicle scheduling and driver run cutting. The purpose of using computer programs for this task is to cut down on the time involved in designing schedules while improving the accuracy of the finished product. The RUCUS package seeks to avoid the three major pitfalls which have been responsible for a lack of success in previous attempts to design a computer scheduling system. The RUCUS package attempts to cover all phases of the scheduling department's activities, yet still be suitable for stage or partial implementation. KW - Bus lines KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Drivers KW - Field tests KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Optimization KW - Passenger transportation KW - Problem solving KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Time KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083587 AU - Schimpler-Corradino, Associates TI - LOUISVILLE METROPOLITAN TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1973/11 SP - 355 p. AB - Louisville is Kentucky's largest city and the 40th largest in the U.S. Located on the Ohio River, its population was 361,472 in 1970. The study area for the Louisville Metropolitan Transit Improvement Program constitutes the original SMSA boundaries - Jefferson Co., Kentucky, and Clark and Floyd Counties, Indiana. This area also includes 26 incorporated communities. The purpose of this report is to provide a short-range (five-year) transit improvement program. This program is designed to offer the Louisville community a specific course of implementation and several alternate funding sources whereby transit can be shaped to accomodate the community's needs. This report has included an on board origin-destination survey, public hearing, goals-based alternate systems analyses, and financial/legislative research to define practical avenues to implement the recommended plan. Chapters address the background of the area, community involvements, transit goals and objectives, adequacy of service, valuation of physical assets, characteristics of transit users, alternate ownership/management framework, alternate transit systems, program for implementation, and continuing transit planning and improvement program. Figures and tables are numerous. KW - Communities KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Origin and destination KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201074 AU - Harvey, D L AU - Nagel, J W AU - Vanlieshout, W T AU - Malachuk, D AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK IV REPORT--VOLUME V COMMUTER RAIL REPORTING SYSTEMS FORMS PY - 1973/11 SP - 47 p. AB - COMMUTER RAIL REPORTING SYSTEM FORMS CONTAINS EXAMPLES OF ALL OF THE FORMS USED IN THE SYSTEM FOR COMMUTER RAIL OPERATIONS. EACH FORM SHOWS A CROSS REFERENCE TO THE APPLICABLE INSTRUCTIONS IN VOLUME IV. KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standardization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201071 AU - Harvey, D L AU - Nagel, J W AU - Vanlieshout, W T AU - Malachuk, D AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK IV REPORT--VOLUME II-REPORTING SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS PY - 1973/11 SP - 471 p. AB - THE REPORT IS THE SECOND VOLUME OF A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A UNIFORM REPORTING SYSTEM FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. IT CONTAINS GENERAL SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS, PRESCRIBED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THIS REPORTING, AND DETAILED DEFINITIONS OF ALL REPORTING CATEGORIES IN THE SYSTEM FOR TRANSIT OPERATIONS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL. PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE NOT FULLY LEGIBLE. /NTIS/ KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standardization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201073 AU - Harvey, D L AU - Nagel, J W AU - Vanlieshout, W T AU - Malachuk, D AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK IV REPORT--VOLUME IV-COMMUTER RAIL REPORTING SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS PY - 1973/11 SP - 145 p. AB - THE REPORT IS THE LAST VOLUME IN A SERIES OF FOUR WHICH COVER TASK III OF THE FOUR-TASK PROJECT FARE. IT COVERS THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. ICC FORM A IS INCLUDED WITH MODIFICATIONS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A COMPLETE REPORT OF REVENUES, EXPENSES AND NONFINANCIAL OPERATING DATA PERTAINING TO COMMUTER RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE. THE PURPOSE OF THE SEPARATION OF RAIL TRANSIT FROM OTHER TRANSIT SYSTEMS IS DERIVED FROM CHAPTER 3 VOLUME I THE TASK SUMMARY, WHICH EXPLAINS WHY COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS ARE SUBJECT TO A DIFFERENT REPORTING REQUIREMENT FROM THAT OF OTHER TRANSIT SYSTEMS. /NTIS/ KW - Design KW - Information systems KW - Methodology KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Representative samples KW - Representative samples (Statistics) KW - Standardization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260750 AU - Stroh, PAL AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY: AN ANNOTADED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1973/11 SP - 120 p. AB - The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a collection of material dealing exclusively with urban transportation policy. It is designed to enable policy analysts, planners and government officials to understand how urban transportation policy is formed and how current arrangements may be altered to influence future outcomes. The bibliography is organized to emphasize the demands that shape policy, the institutional framework that constrains policy alternatives and how these factors shape supply strategies. Sections present overviews of urban transportation problems and prospects, literature on the demand or input side of transportation and ideas of how and why people travel in cities. Other sections present essentially normative material on the art of urban transportation decision-making and management, offer empirical studies of policy-making arrangements in the U. S., and compile prescriptive works on the design of institutional arrangements for urban transportation. The effects of transportation on urban form, environment and welfare are looked at along with alternatives currently being introduced to improve transportation facilities. international and comparative aspects or urban transportation policy are examined and works dealing with metropolitan political fragmentation, politics of planning and quality or urban life suggested. Each annotation includes the following information about the item: its purpose, contents (noting the inclusion of a bibliography where applicable), data (case studies, statistics, legislative documentation), and conclusions. KW - Bibliographies KW - Case studies KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097469 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Mitre Corporation TI - SIMS OVERVIEW. SERVICE, INVENTORY, AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM PY - 1973/10 SP - 56 p. AB - UMTA's Transit Operations and Management (TOMS) project includes the development of a maintenance management information system for use by the urban mass transportation industry in the maintenance of bus fleets. The service, Inventory,and Maintenance System (SIMS) has been developed to operate as a software package at computer service bureaus or on computers operated by transit properties. SIMS consists of a package of computer programs written on ANSI COBOL language and currently operates on an IBM 360/50 or larger computer. Practical design has been enhanced by experience from field tests at the Dallas Transit System (DTS) of Dallas, Trexas and Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (ACTD) of Oakland, California. The system has been operating daily at both DTS and ACTD on a demonstration basis. This report provides an overview of the system using illustrations of the reports produced by SIMS. Information displayed on the reports allows management to plan repair actions, avoid road calls and control expenses. The Service module helps to identify consumption of oil and coolant. Transit property stock room supplies are monitored through the use of the SIMS Inventory module. The Maintenance (Repair Cost) module provides repair costs data for individual buses and divisions, segregating costs into subassemblies, inspections, accidents, and vandalism repairs, and provides information about total maintenance labor utilization. Appendices contain computer requirements and glossary. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242233 AU - Popper, R J AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF RELATIVE OPPORTUNITY INDICIES FOR TRANSIT MOBILITY EVALUATION PY - 1973/10 SP - 165 p. AB - AN ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF PREVIOUS STUDIES OF TRANSPORT MOBILITY LEADS TO THE FORMULATION OF RELATIVE OPPORTUNITY INDICIES TO MEASURE TRANSIT MOBILITY IMPACTS. THE INDICIES ARE USED IN A COMPARISON OF RELATIVE ZONAL ACCESS TO A SET OF OPPORTUNITIES BY EXISTING AND MODIFIED TRANSIT SERVICE. AS MOBILITY INDICATORS, THEY CAPTURE BOTH THE LEVEL AND ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF ACCESSIBILITY IMPLICATIONS FOR A PROPOSED TRANSIT PROJECT. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER MODEL TO ANALYZE THE REALTIVE OPPORTUNITY DISTRIBUTIONS IS DISCUSSED. APPLICATION OF THE MODEL TO REAL DATA FOR THE PITTSBURGH EAST CORRIDOR INDICATES THAT THE LEVELS OF MOBILITY IMPROVEMENT REALIZED THROUGH A TYPICAL TRANSIT CORRIDOR PROJECT ARE SMALL. THIS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EXPECTED ACCESSIBILITY/MOBILITY IMPACTS INDICATES THAT ONLY LOW LEVELS OF ACTUAL BENEFIT SEEM ATTAINABLE. IMPLICATIONS SUGGEST THAT BENEFIT-COST RATIOS SHOULD NOT BE PROMOTED ON THE BASIS OF THESE EXPECTED, BUT USUALLY UNQUANTIFIED ACCESSIBILITY/MOBILITY IMPACTS. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Mobility KW - Models KW - Opportunity models KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242221 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT PROGRAM FOR HOUSTON VOLUME 1 PY - 1973/10 SP - 301 p. AB - THIS FINAL REPORT, DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES, DOCUMENTS THE WORK PERFORMED AND THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED IN PHASES THREE, FOUR AND FIVE OF THE HOUSTON TRANSIT ACTION PROGRAM. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TEN SECTIONS, SUPPLEMENTED BY TECHNICAL MEMORANDA AND WORK SHEETS AVAILABLE FROM THE CITY OF HOUSTON. VOLUME I CONTAINS THE FIRST SIX SECTIONS. SECTION I SUMMARIZES THE TOTAL PROCESS AND THE RESULTING RECOMMENDATIONS. SECTION II EXPLAINS THE ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK PROGRAM, INCLUDING THE STATUS OF AREA PLANNING AND THE CITIZEN-COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT WORK. SECTION III DESCRIBES AREA DEVELOPMENT TRENDS, COMMUNITY CONCERNS AND OBJECTIVES, TRANSIT ISSUES, AND THE EVALUATION FACTORS SELECTED TO COMPARE THE ALTERNATIVES. SECTIONS IV AND V PRESENT THE WORK CONDUCTED TO ANALYZE LONG-RANGE TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES, PROCEEDING FROM THE INITIAL SEARCH FOR POSSIBILITIES OF SMALL AND LARGE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH THE IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSIT CUSTOMER MARKET POTENTIAL RELATED TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSIT SERVICES, TO A FINAL EVALUATION OF THE MORE PRACTICABLE ALTERNATIVES. SECTION VI CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF THE LONG-RANGE PROGRAM AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE BENEFITS ESTIMATED TO ACCRUE FROM ITS DEVELOPMENT. THE THREE ORIGINAL GOALS OF THE TRANSIT ACTION PROGRAM WERE: (1) A LONG-RANGE PROGRAM LOOKING TO THE END OF THE CENTURY; (2) A STAGE ONE RAPID CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM FOR THE 70'S; AND (3) AN IMMEDIATE FIVE-YEAR BUS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. ALL THREE ARE A COORDINATED EFFORT TO PROVIDE IN THE HOUSTON AREA THE BEST POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION FOR THE MOST PEOPLE. /UMTA/ KW - Dust filters KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242222 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT PROGRAM FOR HOUSTON VOLUME II PY - 1973/10 SP - 285 p. AB - THIS FINAL REPORT, DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES, DOCUMENTS THE WORK PERFORMED AND THE CONCLUSIONS REACHED IN PHASES THREE, FOUR AND FIVE OF THE HOUSTON TRANSIT ACTION PROGRAM. THE ORIGINAL GOALS OF THE TRANSIT ACTION PROGRAM WERE: 1) A LONG-RANGE PROGRAM LOOKING TO THE END OF THE CENTURY, 2) A STAGE ONE RAPID CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM FOR THE 70'S, AND 3) AN IMMEDIATE FIVE-YEAR BUS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. ALL THREE ARE A COORDINATE EFFORT TO PROVIDE IN THE HOUSTON AREA THE BEST POSSIBLE TRANSPORTATION FOR THE MOST POSSIBLE PEOPLE. THE REPORT ALSO SUMMARIZES AND MAKES USE OF THE WORK AND DOCUMENTS PREPARED UNDER PHASES ONE AND TWO. THE ENTIRE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TEN SECTIONS, SUPPLEMENTED BY TECHNICAL MEMORANDA AND WORK SHEETS AVAILABLE FROM THE CITY OF HOUSTON. THIS, THE SECOND VOLUME, CONTAINS SECTIONS VII THROUGH X. SECTION VII PROVIDES FURTHER DETAILS TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STAGE ONE OF THE PROGRAM, WITH REFINED CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATES, A TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF DEVELOPMENT, AND REVENUE ESTIMATES. THE EMPHASIS IN SECTIONS VIII AND IX IS ON SHORT-RANGE BUS IMPROVEMENTS. SECTION VIII PROVIDES A SUMMARY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS AND AN EXTENSIVE DOCUMENTATION OF ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF BUS SERVICE AND FARES. SECTION IX IS THE RECOMMENDED FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM FOR BUS SERVICES, INCLUDING GUIDES TO THE CONTINUING WORK EFFORT NEEDED TO UPDATE AND REFINE THE FIVE-YEAR PROGRAM. SECTION X DESCRIBES FIRST THE CONCLUSIONS ON THE BASIC IMPLEMENTATION TASK FOR HOUSTON. IT THEN DESCRIBES THE NATIONAL, STATE AND LOCAL FINANCIAL PROGRAM FOR THE 1ST YEARS, AND CONCLUSIONS ON FINANCING AND ORGANIZATIONAL REQUIREMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242218 AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission TI - CLOSING REPORT FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1973/10 SP - 55 p. AB - THIS REPORT REVIEWS 33 COMPREHENSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS FOR THE DELAWARE VALLEY REGION IN PENNSYLVANIA. THE EMPHASIS OF THE REPORT IS ON THE PLANNED DEVELOPMENT OF THIS URBANIZED AREA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES AND SERVICES. THE VARIOUS OPERATING AGENCIES IN THIS AREA WHICH HAVE RESPONSIBILITY FOR SHORT-RANGE PLANNING INCLUDE THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (SEPTA), THE DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY (DRPA), THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, THE CITY OF TRENTON, AND THE MERCER COUNTY IMPROVEMENT AUTHORITY (MCIA). SPECIFIC PROJECTS COVERED BY THE REPORT INCLUDE COORDINATION OF OPERATIONS, TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS, CONGESTION AND PUBLIC PARKING IN DOWNTOWN AREAS, COST EVALUATIONS, RIDERSHIP PROFILES, POSSIBILITIES OF BUS, RAPID TRANSIT AND COMMUTER RAIL EXTENSIONS, BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS, METHODS OF TRANSIT EVALUATION AND PLANNING, TRANSIT INVENTORIES, TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, FARES AND TRANSFERS, EMPLOYMENT, GEOGRAPHIC AND LAND USE DATA, CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION. EACH PROJECT IS COVERED WITH ONE TO THREE PAGES OF DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY INCLUDING PROJECT TITLE, DVRPC PROJECT NUMBER TO FACILITATE THE RETRIEVAL OF THE COMPLETE STUDY, PROGRAM PURPOSE, SUMMARY AND CONTENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Dust filters KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239568 AU - Ate Management & Service Co, Inc TI - ORLANDO URBAN AREA SHORT RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1973/10 SP - 166 p. AB - THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED FOR THE EAST CENTRAL FLORIDA REGIONAL PLANNING COUNCIL ON BEHALF OF THE ORANGE-SEMINOLE- OSCEOLA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY. ITS PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE AN IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM THAT WILL ATTRACT RIDERS WHO PRESENTLY USE AUTOMOBILES BUT CAN BETTER BE SERVED BY MASS TRANSIT. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED REGARDING SERVICE, FACILITIES AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES ALL OF WHICH COULD BE IMPLEMENTED BY GRADUALLY RECASTING THE PRESENT SYSTEM. CONJESTION RELIEF IS DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO CORRIDOR AND INTERSECTION IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH CAPITAL SOLUTIONS. SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED VIA THE MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF SERVICE, THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SYSTEM OF SUBURBAN EXPRESS SERVICE, SERVICE TO OUTLYING COMMUNITIES WITH HEAVY CONCENTRATIONS OF ELDERLY AND SERVICE EMPHASIZING THE NEEDS OF THE TOURISTS. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (1973-1977) ARE DELINEATED AND THE VEHICLE AND FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS ARE PUT FORTH. POSSIBLE SOURCES OF LOCAL FUNDING ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. IN TERMS OF MARKETING AND PROMOTIONAL ASPECTS IT IS NOTED THAT TO ATTRACT 100 NEW RIDERS, EXPENDITURES OF UP TO $15,000 ARE JUSTIFIED BASED ONLY ON THE FIRST YEAR OF RIDING. IT IS PROJECTED THAT THROUGH THIS PLAN, A 40% INCREASE IN SERVICE MAY BE REALIZED AND THE EXPECTATION IS THAT THE NUMBER OF RIDES PROVIDED EACH YEAR CAN BE EXPANDED BY 1,300,000. THE "ORANGE-SEMINOLE-OSCEOLA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY POLICY STATEMENTS" AND THE "RESULTS OF ON-BOARD SURVEY" MAKE UP THE APPENDICES. OTHER MATERIALS INCLUDE A MAP OF EXISTING ROUTES, SCHEDULE HOURS OF OPERATION, FIVE YEAR ESTIMATES AND GRAPHIC DEPICTION OF EXPANSION AND EXTENSION OF BASE SERVICE /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144064 AU - Adams, G J AU - Mobility Systems and Equipment Company TI - DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF AN EDDY-CURRENT CLUTCH-PROPULSION SYSTEM PY - 1973/10 SP - 202 p. AB - This report covers the Phase 1 effort which is to develop and to test an/AC-propulsion system for personal rapid- transit vehicles. This propulsion system incorporates an AC-induction motor in conjunction with an eddy-current clutch and brake. Also included are development of the propulsion system, fabrication of the propulsion system, description of the laboratory test program, and analysis of the test results. KW - Advanced systems KW - Alternating current motors KW - Eddy currents KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080212 AU - Boston Metropolitan Area Planning Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority TI - SOUTH SHORE RAIL RAPID TRANSIT EXTENSION. PRELIMINARY IMPACT STUDY PY - 1973/10 SP - 175 p. AB - The major goal of the report is to increase the understanding of impacts of this transit extension with the view toward the planning of future extensions. The major data source for the study was a ridership survey. The questionnaire was developed to determine a variety of ridership characteristics and transit extension impacts;i.e., time of use, mode of transportation to the station, previous mode of travel, origin, destination, reasons for use, propensity to transfer, time saved or lost, and a variety of socio-economic characteristics. A sample questionnaire is included in this report. Chapters include the introduction-methodology, historical review, planning considerations, engineering design aspects, ridership characteristics, impacts on traffic volume and patterns, economic impacts, and land use impacts. Conclusions are presented. A bibliography is furnished. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Mode choice KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097471 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Vuchic, V AU - Remak, R AU - Henneman, S AU - Interplan Corporation TI - INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS. SUMMARY SN - RI-06-0005 PY - 1973/10 SP - 6 p. AB - This summary volume contains conclusions reached in the three main volumes of the report, "Integration of Transit Systems. "The objective of the report is to assess the potential for interagency and intermodal integration of transit systems in U.S. urban areas, drawing on an analysis of the successful experience of European transit systems. Vol. I documents the need for transit integration in U.S. urban areas, presents the conceptual and evaluative framework, and reviews current transit integration efforts by Federal, State, and local governments. Vol. II describes in detail four major European transit systems (London, Hamburg, Paris, Munich); gives brief descriptions of six others; and summarizes and appraises the applicability to U.S. systems of European successes. Vol. III deals with the application of these techniques to Philadelphia, San Francisco and Seattle, to an archetypal smaller urban area, and makes a brief assessment of the potential for application in six other U.S. cities. This summary volume serves as a guide to the location of detailed factual information upon which conclusions presented here are based, as well as a summary of the study's findings. An outline of the study and the steps in its execution are presented. The salient points of each volume are brought together, including definition of the forms which integration may take, evaluation of U.S. deficiencies, an approach to identifying systems ready for integration and estimates of costs of U.S. expansion and improvement. KW - Foreign KW - Governments KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Systems integration KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091309 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Vuchic, V AU - Remak, R AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME 4. SUMMARY PY - 1973/10 VL - 4 SP - 73 p. AB - This summary volume contains conclusions reached in the three main volumes of the report, 'Integration of Transit Systems.' The objective of the report is to assess the potential for interagency and intermodal integration of transit systems in U.S. urban areas, drawing on an analysis of the successful experience of European transit systems. KW - Administration KW - Commuter service KW - Coordination KW - Europe KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - France KW - Germany KW - Government funding KW - Government policies KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Management KW - Methodology KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Systems management KW - Transit companies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264710 AU - Boston Metropolitan Area Planning Council TI - SOUTH SHORE RAIL RAPID TRANSIT EXTENSION PRELIMINARY IMPACT STUDY PY - 1973/10 SP - 167 p. AB - The first phase of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's (MBTA) South Shore Rapid Transit Extension, which opened in Quincy, MA in 1971, was the Authority's first high speed rail rapid transit link between Boston and the suburban communities on the South Shore. Realizing the effects of this project on transportation and regional growth, the MBTA contracted with the Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) to study the impacts related to the transit extension. The major goal of this report, then, is to increase the understanding of impacts of this transit extension with the view toward the planning of future extensions. The major data source for the study was a ridership survey. The questionnaire was developed to determine a variety of ridership characteristics and transit extension impacts; i.e., time of use, mode of transportation to the station, previous mode of travel, origin, destination, reasons for use, propensity to transfer, time saved or lost, and a variety of socio-economic characteristics. A sample questionnaire is included in this report. Chapters include the introduction-methodology, historical review, planning considerations, engineering design aspects, ridership characteristics, impacts on traffic volume and patterns, economic impacts, and land use impacts. Conclusions are presented. A bibliography is furnished. KW - Commuting KW - Extension KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242182 AU - PEAT MARWICK MITCHELL & CO TI - NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROGRAM-- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, WORK ITEM 2: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM EVALUATION INDICATORS PY - 1973/09/13 SP - 67 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN TO DEVELOP AND TEST A SET OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR USE IN THE MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS. SPECIFICALLY, THESE INDICATORS ARE DEFINED AS EVALUATION MEASURES DESIGNED TO AID IN THE ESTIMATION OF PROBABLE LEVELS OF SUCCESS OF PLANNED/PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES IN ACHIEVING LOCAL OBJECTIVES. THIS DOCUMENT PRESENTS A DETAILED OUTLINE OF INDIVIDUAL WORK TASKS, INCLUDING A PROGRAM FOR INTERACTION WITH THE PROFESSIONAL PLANNING COMMUNITY TO ENSURE ADEQUATE CONSIDERATION OF USER REQUIREMENTS. VARIOUS TYPES OF MEASURES OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. IN ADDITION TO THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED TECHNICAL WORK STEPS, THIS DOCUMENT ALSO CONTAINS TIME SCHEDULES, ORGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR THE PROJECT. /UMTA/ KW - Management KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080259 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING MASS TRANSIT DEMONSTRATIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE SEATTLE EXPRESS BUS SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. VOLUME 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, MAIN REPORT PY - 1973/09 SP - 96 p. AB - UMTA has been actively involved in the process of funding full-scale demonstration projects in select metropolitan areas throughout the country. These demonstrations are carried out for the purpose of research, testing and evaluation of transit concepts with potential nationwide implications. One major objective to be accomplished is the development of a systematic and effective means of evaluation which will enable UMTA to determine not only the effectiveness of the specific projects, but also the extent of applicability to other areas. The effort sought to accomplish this objective through three steps. The basic approach of the study was development of an experimental design, in Seattle, WA, where an express bus service demonstration project was initiated in 1970. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051581 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ABSTRACTS. VOLUME 2 PY - 1973/09 SP - 244 p. AB - The volume contains 194 abstracts of reports in the field of urban mass transportation which are available from the National Technical Information Service. The reports were generated by research, development and demonstration; technical studies; and university research and training projects sponsored under the UMTA Act of 1964 (amended). Each abstract contains complete bibliographic data, from two to twelve keyword identifiers, up to 400 words of text capsulizing major topics covered in the report, and the NTIS accession number and price. In addition, all abstracts are indexed by title, geographic area, performing organization, project number and keyword. Abstract of reports from the first book of abstracts (PB-213-212) are also cross-referenced. These abstracts cover a broad spectrum of urban mass transportation research of interest to engineers, planners, students, transit managers and operators, public administrators, students, and persons in related fields. Further books of abstracts will be published on a regular basis. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Training KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56639/urbanmasstranspo02unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239571 AU - Zebauers, Valdis AU - Surti, V H AU - Colorada University TI - WORK TRAVEL DEMANDS AND TRANSIT PLAN: A CASE STUDY OF DENVER PY - 1973/09 SP - 62 p. AB - APPROXIMATELY 75% OF THE DENVER METRO TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IS FOR WORK TRIPS, MOST OF THESE TAKING PLACE WITHIN THE CBD. HOWEVER, ONLY ABOUT 12% OF THE TOTAL METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT IS LOCATED WITHIN THIS AREA. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DEVELOP THE MAIN PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES TO BE UTILIZED IN DETAILED TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, CONCENTRATING ON PROVIDING NEEDED TRANSIT SERVICE TO CENTERS OF SECONDARY EMPLOYMENT. METHODOLOGY IS AS FOLLOWS. USING THE ALREADY ESTABLISHED DATA OF THE HOME BASED WORK TRIP TABLE DERIVED FROM A RECENT ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY, TRAVEL PATTERNS AND TRIP CONCENTRATION TO HIGH EMPLOYMENT ZONES WERE IDENTIFIED. THESE TRIP CONCENTRATIONS WERE PLOTTED ON A SERIES OF MAPS. THE AUTHORS USED THE GRAPHIC TOOL OF MAP OVERLAYS IN DOING THEIR ANALYSIS. THE EXISTING BUS NETWORK WAS EVALUATED BY OVERLAYING THE ROUTE NETWORK TO THE TRIP CONCENTRATION MAP AND RECORDING ON THE OVERLAY THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TRIPS SERVED BY ROUTE NETWORK LINKS. THIS YEILDED THE LOW DEMAND SERVICE ROUTE LINKS. A SIMILAR PROCEDURE RESULTED IN A GUIDE FOR LOCATING NEW ROUTES OR ALTERING EXISTING ONES TO ACCOMMODATE MORE WORK TRIP DEMAND. COMMENTS WERE MADE ABOUT THE INADEQUACIES OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS AND TOOL AND SUGGESTIONS OFFERED. THE USE OF THE 24 HOUR DAY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF TRAVEL ANALYSIS IS CONSIDERED INAPPROPRIATE IN MANY INSTANCES. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE ORIGIN-DESTINATION TRIP TABLES SHOULD BE SURPLANTED BY THE USE OF PRODUCTION AND ATTRACTION TABLES WHICH OFFER MORE INFORMATION. REFERENCES ARE FURNISHED AND THE APPENDICES CONSIST OF TRIP ZONE PLOTTING MAPS OF THE DENVER METROPOLITAN AREA AND ZONE AND FINAL EXPANSION FACTORS TABLES. /UMTA/ KW - Information processing KW - Mapping KW - Methodology KW - Planning KW - Route surveying KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239562 AU - Schlappi, M L AU - Dickey, J W AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg TI - QUADATT II: A TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TOOL PY - 1973/09 SP - 93 p. AB - QUADATT II (QUICK AND DIRTY ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR TRANSPORTATION-SECOND VERSION) IS A COMPUTERIZED TRANSPORTATION PLANNING MODEL WHICH ATTACKS THE PROBLEMS STEMMING FROM THE HIGH COST OF DATA COLLECTION AND COMPUTER TIME AND THE DIFFICULTY IN INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATING MODEL OUTPUT BY SIMPLIFYING THE DATA COLLECTION PROCESS AND OUTPUTS OF THE MODEL. QUADATT II REQUIRES COMPARABLY LITTLE INPUT DATA WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED FROM READILY AVAILABLE SOURCES SUCH AS THE CENSUS BUREAU, PLANNING AGENCIES, AND HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS. NO CALIBRATION COSTS ARE CNCURRED SINCE IT IS ASSUMED THAT MOST OF THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF METROPOLITAN AREAS HAVE ALREADY BEEN DISCOVERED IN PREVIOUS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIES. COSTS ARE ALSO DESCREASED BY GAUGING THE COMPUTER EXECUTION TIME IN SECONDS RATHER THAN IN HOURS. THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE USER IS FACILITATED BY PRESENTED THE OUTPUT IN A HIGHLY DOCUMENTED, TABULAR FROM. QUADATT II PROVIDES, FOR FORECASTING PURPOSES, RELATIVE INDICATORS WHICH WILL BE MORE VALUABLE WHEN PLANNERS AND DECISION-MAKERS PLACE MORE FAITH IN COMPUTER MODELS, AND WHEN THE CASUAL FACTORS OF THE URBAN SYSTEM ARE BETTER UNDERSTOOD. THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE OF QUADATT II IS TO RESTORE CREDIBILITY TO COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSPORTATION PLANNING MODELS, TO ASSIST IN METROPOLITAN POLICY FORMULATION, TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF THE URBAN SYSTEM, AND TO PREPARE AN ATMOSPHERE FOR DEVELOPING MORE SOPHISTICATED PLANNING MODELS. THE QUADATT II PROGRAM CONTENT IS DISCUSSED INCLUDING PATH PROCEDURES, DIVISION OF RIDERSHIP BY POPULATION, INCOME AND EMPOLYMENT, LAND USE, TRIP PRODUCTIONS, AND MODELS FOR TRIP DISTRIBUTION AND TRIP-INTERCHANGE. QUADATT II IS APPLIED AND EVALUATED AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE MADE. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IF INCLUDED. TESTING WAS APPLIED TO 30 TRANSPORTATION ZONES IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF ROANOKE, VIRGINIA. KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer planning systems KW - Computers KW - Content analysis KW - Demographics KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262572 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING MASS TRANSIT DEMONSTRATIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE SEATTLE EXPRESS BUS SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT VOLUME I-MAIN REPORT PY - 1973/09 SP - 96 p. AB - UMTA has been actively involved in the process of funding full-scale demonstration projects in select metropolitan areas throughout the country. These demonstrations are carried out for the purpose of research, testing and evaluation of transit concepts with potential nationwide implications. One major objective to be accomplished is the development of a systematic and effective means of evaluation which will enable UMTA to determine not only the effectiveness of the specific projects, but also the extent of applicability to other areas. This report sought to accomplish this objective through 3 steps: (1) determining the feasibility of using experimental design methodology to evaluate transit demonstration projects; (2) utilizing the methodology in assessing the impact of transit innovations; and (3) determining the implications and applications of the demonstration findings in other locales. The basic approach of the study was development of an experimental design, testing design methodology and evaluation of results. The setting was established in Seattle, Washington, where an express bus service demonstration project was initiated in 1970, supported by UMTA R&D funds. It was concluded, among other things, that the utilization of the methodology is an effective and economical means of evaluating projects on a micro-level where differences in effectiveness and estimates of performance potential can be measured. Tables complement the text. Apendices are in Volume II. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00262571 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING MASS TRANSIT DEMONSTRATIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE SEATTLE EXPRESS BUS SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT VOLUME II-APPENDICES PY - 1973/09 SP - 105 p. AB - One major objective of UMTA demonstration projects is to develop a systematic and effective means of evaluation of the projects which will enable determination not only of effectiveness of specific projects but also the extent of applicability to other areas in the country. This report sought to accomplish this objective through 3 steps: (1) determining the feasibility of using experimental design methodology to evaluate transit demonstration projects; (2) utilizing the methodology in assessing the impact of transit innovations; and (3) determining the implications and applications of the demonstration findings to other locales. The setting was established as Seattle, Washington, where an express bus service demonstration project was initiated in 1970, supported by UMTA R&D funds. This report contains the appendices of the Volume I Main Report. These appendices are: Magnitude of Ridership on Blue Streak Routes, Data from the Origin and Destination Surveys, Magnitude of Vehicles Using Expressway Facilities, Evaluation of Methods for Counting Bus Passengers, and Issues Arising in the Conduct of the Study. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Methodology KW - Origin and destination KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135376 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00260165 AU - Surti, V H AU - de Hsu, J AU - University of Colorado, Denver TI - EVALUATION OF BUS MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES THROUGH SYSTEMS ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY PY - 1973/09 SP - 37 p. AB - Every transit company is faced with the maintenance operations of buses. Each bus in the garage is a loss of revenue. In order for the transit system to operate efficiently, maintenance procedures must be such that buses receive proper maintenance and repairs with minimum loss of time. The main purpose of this study is to provide an analytical basis for a bus maintenance shop. Bus maintenance procedure is primarily based on the mileage of the buses and the life mileages of major parts on each bus. This procedure becomes complicated as the variety of bus types increases as well as when number of parts grows. To make formal analysis possible a generalized model was constructed. This model consisted of submodels of the inspection shop, the repair shop and a cost minimization submodel. The validity of the models was established through comparison between observed data and that produced by the model. Information made available by the Denver Metro Transit Company (DMT), which is owned and operated by the City and County of Denver, was used as the observed data base. Queueing theory plays a key role in the analysis of the inspection shop and repair shop. The relationship among the various factors was examined and it was found that most of the characteristics of each part were determined by curve fitting to the life mileage curve, which can be determined by curve fitting to the actual data. The model, according to the authors, provides much insight into a maintenance shop. Figures, tables and references are furnished. KW - Analysis KW - Buses KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267021 AU - University of Texas, Arlington TI - LINEAR CITY RAPID TRANSIT AS A DETERMINANT OF URBAN FORM PY - 1973/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to forecast and describe some of the physical planning implications of implementing innovative types of public transportation in the Dallas-Ft. Worth region. In this context, the authors have sought to document in this report conclusions about some of the physical implications of the use of rapid transit to structure new forms of urban development and to depict, in words and images, impressions of the increased quality of life possible in these transit-structured communities. The study approach consisted of developing generalized concepts for structuring new urban growth based upon transit, and then particularizing these concepts by applying them to specific parts of the Dallas-Ft. Worth region. The initiation of this process involved gathering on extensive inventory of physical, economic and demographic data on the geographic area chosen as the focus of this study. KW - Demographics KW - Economic factors KW - Land use KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202236 AU - Reyes (JA) Associates, Incorporated TI - BILINGUAL TRANSIT MARKETING DEMONSTRATION PY - 1973/09 VL - ii SP - 295 p. AB - THIS STUDY DESCRIBES THE DESIGN, DEMONSTRATION, AND EVALUATION OF FOUR DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS IN MASS TRANSIT ADVERTISING AMONG MEXICAN AMERICANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WAS TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING BUS RIDERSHIP OF THIS ETHNIC GROUP THROUGH BILINGUAL ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES. THE CITIES SELECTED FOR DEMONSTRATION WERE ALBUQUEQUE (NEW MEXICO), CORPUS CHRISTIE (TEXAS), SAN ANTONIO (TEXAS) AND SAN DIEGO (CALIFORNIA), SELECTED BECAUSE THEY REPRESENTED DIVERSITY OF GEOGRAPHY, CULTURE, ADMINISTRATION, AND URBANIZATION, WHILE REFLECTING ADEQUATE HOMOGENEITY IN ETHNIC CONCENTRATIONS. THE PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMS CENTERED ON MID-DAY RIDERSHIP, WHEN BUS CAPACITY IS UNDER-UTILIZED. PRE AND POST DEMONSTRATION SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED BOTH ON THE BUSES AND WITHIN A 1/4 MILE RADIUS OF THE ROUTES. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE SURVEY RESULTS BY MEANS OF 264 DIFFERENT TABLES DEVIDED INTO ELEVEN CATAGORIES; (1) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, ALL SITES, FREQUENCY COUNTS; (2) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, ALL SITES, CROSS TABULATIONS; (3) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, ALBUQUEQUE, CROSS TABULATIONS; (4) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, CORPUS CHRISTIE, CROSS TABULATIONS; (5) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, SAN ANTONIO, CROSS TABULATIONS; (6) PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY, SAN DIEGO, CROSS TABULATIONS; (THE NEXT FIVE ALL CONCERN POST-DEMONSTRATION SURVEYS); (7) ALL SITES, FREQUENCY COUNTS; (8) ALBUQUEQUE, CROSS TABULATIONS; (9) CORPUS CHRISTI, CROSS TABULATIONS; (10) SAN ANTONIO, CROSS TABULATIONS; AND (11) SAN DIEGO, CROSS TABULATIONS. THE PRE-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY EXPLORED PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS, RIDERSHIP HABITS, AND TRANSIT ATTITUDES. THE POST-DEMONSTRATION SURVEY EXPLORED SIMILAR QUESTIONS ABOUT PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AS WELL AS THE EXPOSURE AND EFFECT OF THE PROMOTIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Communities KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Latent demand KW - Low income groups KW - Market research KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242792 AU - Smith, W AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates, Columbia TI - READING-BERKS TRANSIT STUDY; READING, PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1973/09 SP - 282 p. AB - THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS REPORT WAS TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THE TRANSIT PROBLEMS OF DECLINING PATRONAGE, FINANCIAL LOSSES, AND INADEQUATE SERVICE IN READING AND BERKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. A DETAILED EVALUATION OF EXISTING TRANSIT DEFICIENCIES INCLUDED THE FINDINGS THAT TRANSIT SERVICE COVERAGE IS NOT PROVIDED ADEQUATELY IN MUCH OF THE AREA, ONLY 51.1% OF THE AREA RESIDENTS ARE PROVIDED SOME TYPE OF SERVICE, FARES HAVE INCREASED FROM 18found TO 35found IN THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD OF 1962-1972, AND FINANCIAL REPORTS OF THE READING BUS COMPANY INDICATE A NET LOSS FOR 1972 OF $211,279, WITH NO BRIGHTER HOPES FOR THE FUTURE. LOCAL PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD TRANSIT WERE SURVEYED. RECOMMENDED TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN IS INCLUDED. TOPICS CONSIDERED ARE A RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT PLAN, TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY FORMATION, FEASIBLE EXTENT OF TRANSIT SERVICES, SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES, RECOMMENDED SERVICE LEVELS, FARE LEVEL TESTS, DETAILED PASSENGER PROJECTION, TRANSITORIENTED STREET IMPROVEMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, RIDER AMENITIES AND FIELD SUPERVISORY AND SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Highway safety KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202237 AU - Reyes (JA) Associates, Incorporated TI - BILINGUAL TRANSIT MARKETING DEMONSTRATION VOLUME I: DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND EVALUATION OF DATA PY - 1973/09 SP - 203 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE DESIGN, DEMONSTRATION, AND EVALUATION OF FOUR DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS IN MASS TRANSIT ADVERTISING AMONG MEXICAN AMERICANS OF THE SOUTHWEST. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WAS TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPROVING BUS RIDERSHIP OF THIS ETHNIC GROUP THROUGH BILINGUAL ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES. THE CITIES SELECTED FOR DEMONSTRATION WERE ALBUQUEQUE (NEW MEXICO), CORPUS CHRISTI (TEXAS), SAN ANTONIO (TEXAS), AND SAN DIEGO (CALIFORNIA), SELECTED BECAUSE THEY REPRESENTED DIVERSITY OF GEOGRAPHY, CULTURE, ADMINISTRATION, AND URBANIZATION, WHILE REFLECTING ADEQUATE HOMOGENEITY IN ETHNIC CONCENTRATIONS. THE PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMS FOCUSED ON MID-DAY RIDERSHIP, WHEN BUS CAPACITY IS UNDER-UTILIZED. THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN HOUSEWIFE WAS THEREFORE THE PRINCIPAL TARGET OF THE DEMONSTRATION STUDY. FOUR GROUND RULES WERE ESTABLISHED FOR CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENTS: (1) THE TARGET POPULATION WAS THE 10 A.M. TO 3 P.M. RIDER; (2) RIDERSHIP PATTERNS WOULD BE MEASURED ON THREE BUS ROUTES WHICH PASS THROUGH LOW TO LOW-MIDDLE INCOME MEXICO AMERICAN COMMUNITIES; (3) PRE-DEMONSTRATION AND POST-DEMONSTRATION SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED BOTH ON THE BUSES AND WITHIN A 1/4 MILE RADIUS OF THE RADIUS OF THE BUS ROUTES; AND (4) LOCAL MEXICAN AMERICAN PERSONNEL WERE RECRUITED TO SUPERVISE AND TO WORK ON THE DEMONSTRATION IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH A SPIRIT OF COMMUNITY SUPPORT. DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT PROMOTIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS WERE CONDUCTED IN EACH OF THE CITIES IN ORDER TO FACILITATE MORE MEANINGFUL COMPARISONS OF PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES. EACH OF THE DEMONSTRATIONS SOUGHT TO INVOLVE THE POPULATION RATHER THAN MERELY TO ADDRESS IT. THE ALBUQUEQUE DEMONSTRATION HAD ON-BOARD BILIGINGUAL HOSTESSES WITH SUPPLEMENTARY ADVERTISING IN NEWSPAPER AND ON RADIO. OTHER MEANS OF PROMOTION INCLUDED DOOR-TO-DOOR VISITS, FREE RIDES, CONTESTS, AND SIDEWALK HOSTESSES. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Communities KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Latent demand KW - Low income groups KW - Market research KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239566 AU - Schnell, J B AU - Smith, A J AU - Dimsdale, K R AU - Thrasher, E J AU - American Transit Association TI - VANDALISM AND PASSENGER SECURITY PY - 1973/09 SP - 452 p. AB - THIS STUDY ANALYZES THE EXTENT AND SERIOUSNESS OF CRIME AND VANDALISM ON URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS AND EXAMINES APPROACHES FOR DEALING WITH THE PROBLEM. ON THE BASIS OF DATA OBTAINED FROM 37 U. S. TRANSIT SYSTEMS, THE RANGE OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CRIMINAL INCIDENTS ON ALL U. S. TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN 1971 IS ESTIMATED AT APPROXIMATELY 33,000 TO 39,000, AND THE RANGE OF TOTAL NATIONAL TRANSIT VANDALISM COSTS AT $7.7 MILLION TO NEARLY $10 MILLION THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF VANDALISM COSTS ARE WINDOW BREAKING, DAMAGE TO SEATS, DAMAGE TO STATIONARY FACILITIES, AND GRAFFITI. CHAPTER IV OF THE STUDY DESCRIBES GLAZING, SEATING, AND PANELLING MATERIALS THAT RESIST DAMAGE. CHAPTER V DISCUSSES DEVICES AND PROCEDURES FOR PROTECTING PASSENGERS AND EMPLOYEES, DETERRING CRIMINALS AND VANDALS, KEEPING THEM UNDER SURVEILLANCE, AND HELPING APPREHEND THEM AFTER CRIMES ARE COMMITTED. CHAPTER VI DESCRIBES PROGRAMS AND LIAISON EFFORTS DIRECTED AT MAINTAINING GOOD RELATIONS WITH COMMUNITY AND EDUCATIONAL CIRCLES AND INVOLVING THEM IN THE ANTI-VANDALISM EFFORT. CHAPTER VII LOOKS AT RELATIONS BETWEEN TRANSIT SYSTEMS AND INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS THE POLICE, THE JUDICIARY, EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES, AND THE MASS MEDIA AS FACTORS IN DISCOURAGING CRIME. THE FINAL CHAPTER PRESENTS SIX CASE STUDIES OF PASSENGER ATTITUDES IN AN ATTEMPT TO ASSESS THE INFLUENCE THAT FEAR OF TRANSIT CRIME AND VANDALISM EXERTS ON PASSENGER DECISIONS CONCERNING USE OF URBAN MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES. KW - Costs KW - Crimes KW - Graffiti KW - Passengers KW - Protection KW - Public transit KW - Surveillance KW - Urban transportation KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223956 AU - Pier, J R AU - Cleveland Transit System TI - PRE REVENUE SERVICE ACTIVITIES, AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1973/09 SP - 69 p. AB - IN 1971 THE CLEVELAND TRANSIT SYSTEM RECEIVED A GRANT CONTRACT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION TO TEST, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SOLID STATE AC PROPULSION SYSTEM ON THREE RAPID TRANSIT CARS (PROJECT OH-06-0006). THE AC PROPULSION SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED BY THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE DIVISION, WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE COMPANY (WABCO), WILMERDING, PA. THIS REPORT IS ONE OF A SERIES ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT. THE RETROFIT PROCESS IS DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED IN DETAIL. THE CAR CHECK-OUT PROGRAM TO VERIFY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IS ALSO DESCRIBED AND SPECIFIC PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS DISCUSSED. THE PROBLEMS AND UNUSUAL DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN THE PRE REVENUE SERVICE EFFORT ARE SUMMARIZED IN THIS REPORT. THE INSTALLATION OF A CAR CARRIED COMPUTER BASED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED AND THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THISUNIQUE EFFORT ENUMERATED. NO SPECIFIC DATA ACQUISITION PROGRAMMING DETAILS AND NO SPECIFIC CAR PERFORMANCE DETAILS ARE PROVIDED. THESE ARE REPORTED SEPARATELY IN UMTA-OH-06-0006-73-1 AND UMTA-OH-06-0006-73-3 RESPECTIVELY. /UMTA/ KW - Computer programming KW - Data collection KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242213 AU - Talvitie, A P AU - Liou, P S AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - DISAGGREGATE ACCESS MODE AND STATION SELECTION MODELS FOR RAIL TRIPS PY - 1973/09 SP - 91 p. AB - IN THIS STUDY, DISAGGREGATED PROBABILITY CHOICE MODELS ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE ACCESS MODE AND FOR ACCESS STATION SELECTIONS. IN EACH OF THESE MODELS, THERE ARE AT LEAST TWO ALTERNATIVES FROM WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL TRAVELLER IS ALLOWED TO MAKE A CHOICE. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT THE TRAVELLERS' DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR THE MODE AND STATION CHOICES OF AN ACCESS TRIP IS BEHAVIORALLY SEPARATE. THAT IS THE MODE CHOICE PRECEDED BY STATION CHOICE. THE AUTO MODE IS SHOWN TO BE THE LEAST PREFERRED ACCESS MODE AS COMPARED TO THE WALK AND BUS MODES. THE TRAVELLERS DO NOT VALUE THE SET OF TRANSPORTATION ATTRIBUTES THE SAME WHEN MAKING DECISIONS OF THE TWO CHOICES. FINALLY, IT IS SHOWN THAT DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS OF THE "RELEVANT ALTERNATIVES" RESULT IN SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT MODELS. /NTIS/ KW - Access KW - Logistics KW - Mathematical models KW - Mode S KW - Models KW - Operations research KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267004 AU - Schneider, J B AU - Beck, J R AU - American Right of Way Association TI - REDUCING THE TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS OF THE AMERICAN CITY: AN INVESTIGATION OF ALTERNATIVE URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURES PY - 1973/08 SP - 35 p. AB - Little attention has been given to investigating the potential for gradually restructuring the city so as to reduce its built-in requirements for transportation. This report investigates this potential by analyzing the transportation requirements of some alternative urban spatial structures. The effort is to deal with what are perceived to be the basic causes of urban transportation transportation requirements instead of examining only the symptoms of these problems. A computer-directed search procedure was developed and tested using 2 simple urban structures. These experiments form the basis for an investigation of a larger urban structure based on the 1970 urban pattern of the western part of King County, Washington. This study has demonstrated that a simple search algorithm can be a useful tool for finding spatial structures that have desired characteristics. Results indicated that by moving about one third to on half of the people and about one third of the jobs to other locations, very substantial reduction (50 per cent or more) in travel requirements could be obtained while also improving overall access levels. While structural changes of this magnitude arenot feasible in near future, many cities may be growing by this much in the next 20-30 years. The potential for non-transportation solutions appears to be a significant but projections, initial transit system design and a theoretical According to the author, what is most needed now is a way of identifying particular locations where it would be most beneficial to encourage new people/jobs to locate and orient programs and policies to encourage growth there. KW - Algorithms KW - City planning KW - Demographics KW - Information processing KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263441 AU - Gatens, D M AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - LOCATING AND OPERATING BUS RAPID TRANSIT PARK-RIDE LOTS: A SYNTHESIS OF EXPERIENCE AND SOME PRELIMINARY PLANNING GUIDELINES PY - 1973/08 SP - 33 p. AB - This report reviews and synthesizes previous experiences with locating and operating park-ride lots throughout the country is such places as Seattle, Washington, Washington, D.C., New Brunswick, New Jersey, Milwaukee, Wisconsin and the Northeast Corridor in general. The data represents the experiences of 7 municipalities and accounts for approximately 4500 park-ride spaces in 13 park-ride lots serving as change of mode facilities for bus transit. The characteristics of park-ride users are investigated. Data were analyzed to determine the characteristics of trip lengths and trip times as well as the trip purpose, type of employment, trip origin and mode to bus. Further considerations included mode of travel to work prior to the establishment of park-ride lots and environmental impact factors. From the analysis of data gathered, some preliminary and general planning guidelines relevant to the location and sizing of a park-ride facility in an urban transportation corridor are developed. References are furnished. KW - City planning KW - Commuting KW - Environmental impacts KW - Location KW - Northeast Corridor KW - Northeastern United States KW - Operations KW - Park and ride KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242226 AU - Gehner, C D AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - THE URBAN-REGION TRANSIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM (UTRANS) VOLUME II: USERS MANUAL PY - 1973/08 SP - 70 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO PROVIDE DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF THE URBAN-REGION TRANSIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM (UTRANS) AND TO MAKE AVAILABLE TO POTENTIAL USERS OF THIS TOOL A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF GUIDELINES AND INSTRUCTION ON THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER MODELS. THE STUDY IS DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES AIMED AT TWO DIFFERENT AUDIENCES: VOLUME I TOWARD THOSE WITH A COMPUTER BACKGROUND WHO MAY WISH TO ADAPT UTRANS TO A SPECIFIC APPLICATION OR TO A DIFFERENT COMPUTER HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT, AND VOLUME II, THIS REPORT, TOWARD THOSE WHO HAVE NO BACKGROUND IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING BUT STILL WISH A DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER SIMULATION. VOLUME II BEGINS WITH SECTION VII, A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF INSTRUCTIONS WHICH ARE COMPLETELY SELF-CONTAINED SO THAT USERS WITH NO PRIOR EXPERIENCE IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CAN OPERATE THE SYSTEM. SECTION VIII CONTAINS INFORMATION ON ERROR HANDLING. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240168 AU - Gale, J E AU - Consortium of Universities TI - TRANSPORTATION POLICY ALTERNATIVES AND THE SOCIOECONOMIC REACTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1973/08 AB - THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION POLICY ALTERNATIVES ON SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA. THE COMPUTER SIMULATIONS TOOL USED IN THIS STUDY IS THE "EMPIRIC" ACTIVITY ALLOCATION MODEL. SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES AS DEFINED HERE REFER TO POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME QUANTITIES. A SECONDARY PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF THE EMPIRIC MODEL IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT THE CONCLUSIONS OF THIS SENSITIVITY STUDY, ALTHOUGH PERTINENT TO THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA, MAY BE APPLICABLE TO OTHER URBAN AREAS AS WELL. THE CONCLUSIONS ARE NUMEROUS AND RANGE FROM THE RELATIVE IMPACT OF TRANSIT AND FREEWAY SYSTEMS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC QUANTITIES TO THE FEEDBACK EFFECT OF THESE QUANTITIES ON TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USAGE. THE TRANSIT APPROACH IS FOUND TO BE A BETTER ALTERNATIVE THAN THE FREEWAY APPROACH. IN ADDITION, THE EMPIRIC MODEL IS JUDGED ON ITS ABILITY TO REPRODUCE THE PROPER MECHANISMS AND SENSITIVITY OF URBAN GROWTH WITH RESPECT TO TRANSPORTATION POLICY INPUTS. KW - City planning KW - Economic factors KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Simulation KW - Social factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242227 AU - Columbia Region Assoc of Govts TI - A PROPOSED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR THE PORTLAND- VANCOUVER METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1973/08 SP - 39 p. AB - SUMMARY REPORT WAS PREPARED FOR DISTRIBUTION THROUGHOUT THE PORTLAND-VANCOUVER METROPOLITAN AREA TO INFORM CITIZENS OF THE ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. WHICH IS THE RESULT OF A TWO-YEAR STUDY WHICH ANALYZED ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS OF PROVIDING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE PORTLAND-VANCOUVER METROPOLITAN AREA. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE COMMUNITY SHOULD GREATLY EXPAND ITS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM UTILIZING EXCLUSIVE TRANSIT LANES, ROADWAYS, AND PARK-AND-RIDE STATIONS. IT WAS ALSO DECIDED THAT ALL FACILITIES SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO ALLOW FOR FUTURE CONVERSION TO AN AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED TRANSIT SYSTEM ON FIXED GUIDEWAYS WITH OFF-LINE STATIONS WHEN IT BECOMES TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE. THE SYSTEM RECOMMENDED IN THIS REPORT WOULD PROVIDE THE COMMUNITY WITH HIGH SPEED, CONVENIENT AND ATTRACTIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CONNECTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS TO CENTERS OF EMPLOYMENT, COMMERCE, EDUCATION, CULTURE, RECREATION AND COMMUNITY SERVICES. SPECIFIC FEATURES INCLUDE: 160 MILES OF EXPRESS ROUTES WITH 22 MILES OF EXCLUSIVE TRANSIT ROADWAYS AND 15 MILES OF RESERVED BUS LANES; 75 EXPRESS BUS STATIONS AND STOPS WITH TOTAL PARKING FOR 15,000 AUTOMOBILES; 1,000 SHELTERED WAITING AREAS; CONVERSION OF CERTAIN STREETS IN DOWNTOWN PORTLAND TO EXCLUSIVE TRANSIT MALLS WITH WIDE SIDEWALKS AND PLEASING ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT; 1,000 ADVANCED CONCEPT DESIGNED, AIR-CONDITIONED BUSES BY 1990; A MAJOR DOWNTOWN TRANSFER STATION WHICH WOULD BE PART OF A MULTIMODE TRANSPORTATION TERMINAL; EXCLUSIVE TRANSIT ROADWAYS WHICH COULD LATER BE CONVERTED TO AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED FIXED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS; AND FREQUENT SHUTTLE SERVICE IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA. KW - Bus priority KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Guideways KW - Park and ride KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit usage KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242215 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI PY - 1973/08 SP - 80 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYZE THE TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI AND TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM OF IMPROVEMENT FOR IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION. THIS IMMEDIATE ACTION PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO COVER REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS. RECOMMENDATIONS MADE INCLUDE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE SYSTEM, SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS OPTIONS FOR THE IMPORTANT QUESTION OF THE APPROPRIATE TYPE OF OWNERSHIP/MANAGEMENT, SINCE THE SYSTEM HAS BEEN LOSING MONEY UNDER THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF PRIVATE OWNERSHIP. WHEN THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY WAS ORIGINALLY DESIGNED, THE JACKSON TRANSIT SYSTEM WAS SUCCESSFUL AND THE RIDERSHIP WAS QUITE HIGH. HOWEVER, AFTER TRANSIT OPERATIONS CEASED FOR TWO MONTHS DURING A TRANSIT STRIKE, IT WAS FOUND THAT TRANSIT RIDERSHIP SUFFERED A 20 PERCENT DECREASE. SPECIFIC STUDIES CONCERN ROUTE NETWORK REVISIONS, THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CONVENIENT TRANSIT CENTER, AN EFFECTIVE MARKETING PROGRAM, THE EXTENSION OF THE TRANSIT SERVICE INTO CERTAIN OUTLYING AREAS, VARIOUS TYPES OF OWNERSHIP, AND COSTS OF CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS. THERE IS ALSO A SECTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS IN WHICH THE ROLE OF TRANSIT IN THE FUTURE IS STUDIED ALONG WITH SUBSEQUENT LONG-RANGE PLANNING STRATEGIES AND SERVICE POSSIBILITIES. SURVEY FORMS ARE ALSO A BRIEF SECTION WHICH DESCRIBES THE PROCESS OF DEMAND FORECASTING. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093015 AU - Heathington, K W AU - Davis, FWJ AU - Griese, S C AU - Middendorf, D P AU - Brogan, J D AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED RIDE TAXI SYSTEMS: AN ANALYSIS IN SUMMARY PY - 1973/08 SP - 26 p. AB - Two privately owned demand-responsive transportation systems, one in Davenport, Iowa, and the other in Hicksville, New York, were studied to determine the economic feasibility and marketability of these systems and the roles they play in small and medium-sized urban areas. The systems analyzed offer door-to-door service on a shared-ride basis using six-passenger automobiles. The overall objectives of the study were to: (1) Determine the cost, revenues, ridership, and other benefits of providing public transportation service with privately owned demand-responsive systems; (2) analyze the market demand for each level of service; (3) analyze the contribution of each level of service for providing mobility for specific segments of the urban community; (4) measure the economic viability of the different levels of service; (5) measure the demand for service as a function of level of service and pricing scheme; (6) determine the effectiveness of automatic scheduling and monitoring on system performance, costs, and revenues, if put into operation; and (7) determine the economic feasibility of these systems. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Mobility KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093014 AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED RIDE TAXI SYSTEMS PY - 1973/08 SP - 757p-in 6v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/38295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267013 AU - Mitre Corporation TI - OVER VIEW OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEMS PY - 1973/08 AB - This report is an overview of Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM), systems which automatically determine and make available to a central control point the position of a vehicle or a group of vehicles. AVM systems used in urban applications are based upon, or are varieties of, four basic techniques: radio propagation time, proximity, dead reckoning, and triangulation. The relative merits of each of these systems is discussed. Test or simulation data and cost information are provided where available. Also included is a discussion of secondary systems functions (polling, computation, telemetry, etc.) that must be addressed before a workable AVM system can be implemented. Potential applications for AVM systems include: transit buses, police vehicles, taxi fleets, delivery services, maintenance services, and possibly even moving vans, which would require inter-city capabilities in order to be completely responsive. This state-of-the-art in AVM systems begins with a brief discussion of these applications, followed by a more detailed analysis of AVM techniques that have been demonstrated, tested, or proposed. The best available technical and cost data have been used throughout and are documented. The report concludes with a discussion of the various system considerations. An appendix summarizes the cost data for one specific AVM system. A full list of references and an extensive bibliography is provided. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Propagation KW - Proximity method KW - Radio KW - State of the art studies KW - Time KW - Triangulation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267028 AU - Smith, R D AU - Cymbor, W P AU - Cleveland Transit System TI - WABCO DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1973/08 SP - 102 p. AB - In June 1971, the Cleveland Transit System received a grant contract (Project OH-06-0006) from the Department of Transportation's Urban Mass Transportation Administration to test and evaluate on three rapid cars an AC propulsion system developed by the Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO). The AC propulsion system incorporates a pulse width modulated inverter to convert constant voltage DC energy to variable frequency, variable voltage AC energy which in turn powers simple AC traction motors. This report describes the data acquisition system which was developed to measure, record and analyze performance data for the AC-powered rapid transit cars. This report is one of a series on various aspects of the project. KW - Alternating current KW - Alternating current motors KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Data collection KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Energy conversion KW - Inverters KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Pulse duration modulation KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rapid transit KW - Traction drives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228299 AU - Murray, W S AU - Scales, W C AU - Mitre Corporation TI - OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEMS PY - 1973/08 SP - 66 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS AN OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) SYSTEMS WHICH AUTOMATICALLY DETERMINE AND MAKE AVAILABLE TO A CENTRAL POINT THE POSITION OF A GROUP OF VEHICLES. AVM SYSTEMS USED IN URBAN APPLICATIONS ARE BASED UPON, OR ARE VARIETIES OF, FOUR BASIC TECHNIQUES- RADIO PROGAGATION TIME, PROXIMITY, DEAD RECKONING, AND TRIANGULATION. THE RELATIVE MERITS OF EACH OF THESE SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED. ALSO INCLUDED IS A DISCUSSION OF SECONDARY SYSTEMS' FUNCTIONS (POLLING, COMPUTATION, TELEMETRY, ETC.) THAT MUST BE ADDRESSED BEFORE A WORKABLE SYSTEM CAN BE IMPLEMENTED. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR AVM SYSTEMS INCLUDE TRANSIT BUSES, POLICE VEHICLES, TAXI FLEETS, DELIVERY SERVICES, MAINTENANCE SERVICES, AND POSSIBLY MOVING VANS, WHICH WOULD REQUIRE INTER-CITY CAPABILITIES IN ORDER TO BE COMPLETELY RESPONSIVE. THE PAPER OPENS WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS, FOLLOWED BY A MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS OF AVM TECHNIQUES THAT HAVE BEEN DEMONSTRATED, TESTED, OR PROPOSED. TECHNICAL AND COST DATA ARE INCLUDED. AN APPENDIX SUMMARIZES THE COST DATA FOR ONE SPECIFIC AVM SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Dead reckoning KW - Intercity transportation KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Police vehicles KW - Proximity method KW - Radio KW - Taxicabs KW - Telemetry KW - Triangulation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle detectors KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239559 AU - Buckley, R F AU - Stanford University TI - ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION CENTER PY - 1973/08 SP - 51 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS CONCERNED WITH THE COMPUTERIZATION OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION CENTER. THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF SUCH A SYSTEM ARE OUTLINED AND INVESTIGATED. THE CO,PUTERIZED SYSTEM IS COMPARED TO THE MANUAL SYSTEM AND THE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE MANUAL SYSTEM ARE EXPLORED. FOUR COMPUTER SYSTEMS WERE CHOSEN FOR EVALUATION IN A HYPOTHETICAL INFORMATION CENTER. THE COMPUTER SYSTEMS WERE CONFIGURED ACCORDING TO A SET OF CRITERIA WHICH MATCHED THE NEEDS OF AN INFORMATION CENTER. THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE FOUR COMPUTER SYSTEMS INCLUDES A BUY/LEASE STUDY BASED ON MULTIPLE ESTIMATED SYSTEM LINES AS WELL AS ON MULTIPLE CAPITALIZATION FACTORS,. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES THE ADDITIONAL SERVICES WHICH COMPUTERS CAN PROVIDE FOR THE INFORMATION CENTER AS WELL AS USES WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS IN THE TRANSIT ORGANIZATION. CERTAIN LIMITATIONS INHERENT TO THE COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT FUTHER STUDY SHOULD BE MADE INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BETTER INFORMATION AND INCREASED RIDERSHIP TO DETERMINE IF A COMPUTERIZED INFCORMATION WOULD BE ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED. HOWEVER, IT IS ALSO POINTED OUT THAT LARGE REGIONAL MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE MORE EFFICIENT MEANS OF ORGANIZING THE TRANSPORTATION FUNCTION AND THAT PREVIOUSLY SIMPLE TASKS WOULD BE MUCH MORE COMPLEX IN SUCH SYSTEMS, MAKING THE COMPUTER A MORE NECESSARY TOOL. KW - Communication systems KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Earths crust KW - Natural earth crust materials KW - Public transit KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201075 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF INFLATION AND REAL INCOME GAINS ON CHOICE OF MODE FOR URBAN RAPID TRANSIT INVESTMENT PY - 1973/08 SP - 87 p. AB - THIS REPORT CONSIDERS THE DIFFERENTIAL FINANCIAL EFFECT THAT INFLATION AND INCOME CAN HAVE ON CAPITAL INTENSIVE AND LABOR INTENSIVE APPROACHES TO MASS TRANSIT SUCH AS RAIL AND EXPRESS BUS SERVICE. IT IS THE OPINION OF THE AUTHORS THAT THE EFFECT OF THESE FACTORS HAS NOT BEEN WELL STUDIED. THE STUDY EMPLOYS A SIXTEEN MILE HYPOTHETICAL TRANSIT CORRIDOR, SERVICE 30 MILLION PASSENGERS A YEAR, WHICH IS COSTED FOR BOTH RAIL AND EXPRESS BUS. COST AND REVENUE FACTORS ARE INFLATED USING A RANGE OF ASSUMPTIONS. RIDERSHIP AND TREND ASSUMPTIONS ARE ALSO VARIED. NET PRESENT VALUES OF REVENUES MINUS COSTS (INCLUDING AMORTIZATION) FOR THIRTY YEARS OF OPERATION ARE THEN ESTIMATED IN CASH TERMS AND COMPARED. IT WAS FOUND THAT BUS OPERATION IS MORE SENSITIVE TO REAL WAGE INCREASES, AND LESS SENSITIVE TO INFLATION AND TO RIDERSHIP LEVELS. THE FINANCIAL VIRIANT FOR BUSES WAS CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN FOR RAIL WHICH, ADDED TO THE SHORTER TIME NEEDED TO INSTITUTE BUS SERVICE AND THE GREATER FLEXIBILITY OF BUSES, WOULD, ACCORDING TO THE AUTHORS, PLACE IN QUESTION THE WISDOM OF THE CURRENT TREND TOWARD RAIL RAPID TRANSIT. VARIOUS ILLUSTRATIVE TABLES AND FIGURES ARE INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - External pressure KW - Financing KW - Income KW - Logistics KW - Penetration macadam KW - Pressure KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202235 AU - Reed, R R AU - Stanford University TI - MARKET SEGMENTATION DEVELOPMENT FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1973/08 SP - 135 p. AB - THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO ARREST ITS DECLINE AND, PERHAPS, RESTORE PROFITABILITY. BUT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE OPPORTUNITY WILL REQUIRE A RADICAL SHIFT IN THE WAYS TRANSIT APPROACHES ITS MARKET AND MANAGES ITS OPERATIONS. THE CONTINUED DECLINE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, STARTING FIFTY YEARS AGO, HAS POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH. YET OTHER INDUSTRIES HAVE SUFFERED SIMILAR DECLINES, AND HAVE BHEEN ABLE TO RECOVER BY EXPANDING THEIR MARKET WITH A SERIES OF SPECIALIZED PRODUCTS. THE EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT TRANSIT COULD ALSO FOLLOW THIS COURSE, EARNING PREMIUM FARES, BY AUGMENTING ITS STANDARD SERVICE WITH SPECIAL SERVICES BASED ON A STRATEGY OF MARKET SEGMENTATION. SUCH AN APPROACH WOULD, HOWEVVER, BE ACCOMPANIED BY MORE COSTLY AND COMPLEX MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS THAT MUST BE SPECIFICALLY PLANNED FOR. THE REPORT PRESENTS EXAMPLES OF NEW SPECIALIZED OFFERINGS FOR TRANSIT, AND A DISCUSSION OF BOTH SPECIFIC OPERATING PROBLEMS AND THE OVERALL QUESTION OF HOW TO MANAGE THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW MARKET STYLE BASED ON MARKET SEGMENTATION. /FHWA/ KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Special service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223957 AU - Cymbor, W P AU - Smith, R D AU - Cleveland Transit System TI - SINGLE CAR PERFORMANCE - AC PROPULSION PROJECT PY - 1973/08 SP - 94 p. AB - IN 1971 THE CLEVELAND TRANSIT SYSTEM RECEIVED A GRANT CONTRACT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION TO TEST, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SOLID STATE AC PROPULSION SYSTEM ON THREE RAPID TRANSIT CARS (PROJECT OH-06-0006). THE AC PROPULSION SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPED BY THE WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE COMPANY (WABCO), WESTINGHOUSE AIR BRAKE DIVISION, WILMERDING, PA. THIS REPORT IS ONE OF SERIES ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT. TO DEMONSTRATE GENERAL PERFORMANCE AND APPLICABILITY OF THE PROPULSION SYSTEM, AN ON-BOARD COMPUTER CONTROLLED DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM WAS USED TO COLLECT PERFORMANCE DATA. THE DATA WERE REDUCED, ANALYZED, AND PLOTTED BY COMPUTER. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS. A DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPULSION SYSTEM IS PRESENTED IN THE FORM OF TABULAR LISTINGS AND GRAPHS. SOME OF THE AREAS COVERED INCLUDE ROLLING RESISTANCE, ACCELERATION AND BRAKING CAPABILITY, TORQUE OUTPUT, POWER CONSUMPTION, SYSTEM EFFICIENCY, AND MOTOR TEMPERATURES. /UMTA/ KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Braking performance KW - Computer programming KW - Data collection KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Information processing KW - Measurement KW - Power measurements KW - Power output KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Temperature measurement KW - Torque KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228301 AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Ojo, J AU - Kennedy, M AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - AN ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM TRADEOFFS TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO SPECIAL GENERATORS PY - 1973/08 SP - 158 p. AB - TRAFFIC CONJESTION AND EXTENSIVE PARKING NEEDS FOR THE IMMEDIATE AREA OF SPECIAL TRAFFIC GENERATORS (I.E., AIRPORTS, UNIVERSITIES, SHOPPING CENTERS, HOSPITALS) CREATE ACCESS AND EGRESS PROBLEMS. DIFFICULTIES ARE COMPOUNDED BY THE FACT THAT GENERATORS ARE OFTEN LOCATED IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS WHICH PRECLUDE, BY THEIR VERY NATURE, THE SECURING OF ADDITIONAL LAND TO HANDLE INCREASED SPATIAL DEMANDS FOR PARKING. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY THE ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN PROVIDING ACCESS TO SPECIAL GENERATORS. A COMPUTERIZED MODEL WAS DEVELOPED TO TEST THESE ALTERNATIVES AND WAS APPLIED TO A SAMPLE SPECIAL GENERATOR, AN URBAN UNIVERSITY, LOCATED IN A HYPOTHETICAL CITY. RESULTS INDICATE THAT EFFICIENT, FREQUENT, LOW COST SERVICE WILL ENCOURAGE INCREASED PATRONAGE BY THE MODEL UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY. TO ALLEVIATE THE EXPENSE OF PROVIDING COSTLY SERVICE ADDITIONS TO THE ENTIRE REGIONAL TRANSIT SYSTEM, SPECIALIZED TRANSIT SERVICES MIGHT BE INSTITUTED. AN EXAMPLE OF SUCH SPECIALIZED SERVICE WOULD BE THE PROVISION OF EXPRESS SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE DIRECILY TO A GENERATOR FROM OUTLYING LOST. WHEN SHUTTLE BUSES OPERATE FROM OUTLYING LOTS AT A PREMIUM FARE OR AT COSTS SIMILAR TO BASE TRANSIT SERVICE, RIDERSHIP DECLINES. PARKING DEMANDS AT A GENERATOR CAN BE CONTROLLED BY IMPOSITION OF PARKING FEES OR LIMITATION OF PARKING AVAILABILITY. MOST OF THE ECONOMIC TRADEOFF ANALYSIS DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF SUBSIDY PROVIDED BY THE GENERATOR. THIS STUDY IS REPLETE WITH TABLES AND FIGURES AND THE APPENDIX CONSISTS OF A CASE STUDY OF THE PARKING SCENARIO AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE, DEFINITIONS OF RELEVANT TERMS, AND SAMPLE COMPUTER PRINTOUT SHEETS. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airports KW - Costs KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Parking demand KW - Shuttle buses KW - Shuttle service KW - Traffic congestion KW - Trip generation KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242225 AU - Gehner, C D AU - Clark, J W AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - THE URBAN-REGION TRANSIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM (UTRANS) VOLUME I: DOCUMENTATION PY - 1973/08 SP - 349 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PROVIDE DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF THE URBAN-REGION TRANSIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM (UTRANS) AND TO MAKE AVAILABLE TO POTENTIAL USERS OF THIS TOOL A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF GUIDELINES AND INSTRUCTIONS ON THE OPERATION OF THE COMPUTER MODELS. THE STUDY IS DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES AND IS AIMED AT TWO DIFFERENT AUDIENCES: THOSE WITH A PROGRAMMING BACKGROUND WHO MAY WISH TO ADAPT UTRANS TO A SPECIFIC APPLICATION OR TO DIFFERENT COMPUTER HARDWARE ENVIRONMENTS WILL FIND COMPLETE INFORMATION ON PROGRAM OPERATION IN VOLUME I. THOSE WISHING A DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER SIMULATION REQUIRING NO BACKGROUND IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMING WILL FIND VOLUME II, THE USER'S MANUAL, USEFUL. SECTION II OF THIS VOLUME PRESENTS A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE, OPERATION AND CAPABILITIES OF UTRANS. SECTION III PRESENTS A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT AT THE URBAN SYSTEMS RESEARCH CENTER. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF DATA STRUCTURE AND THE SPECIFIC FEATURES USED FOR UTRANS ARE DISCUSSED IN SECTION IV. THE "DISK FILE STRUCTURE", PRESENTED IN SECTION IV, IS MORE FULLY DESCRIBED IN SECTION V. SECTION VI PRESENTS A SHORT SYNOPSIS OF THE SALIENT FEATURES OF EACH PROGRAM, AN OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION AND A LISTING OF THE FORTRAN CODE, INCLUDING A FLOW CHART OF THE PROGRAM. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Computers KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Hardware KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Regions KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242214 AU - Olafson, G AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR THE LOCATION OF PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT FACILITIES PY - 1973/08 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DEVELOP A METHODOLOGY WHICH WOULD ASSIST PLANNERS AND ENGINEERS IN THE DESIGN OF FIRST-CUT PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT NETWORKS WHICH, GIVEN PRAGMATIC CONSIDERATIONS, COULD GENERATE A NETWORK OF LINES AND STATIONS WHICH WOULD BE WORTHY OF A MORE COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. THE REPORT POINTS OUT THAT MOST PREVIOUS NETWORK GENERATION MODELS HAVE NOT DEMONSTRATED THEIR USEFULNESS FOR PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS, WHICH CONSIST OF SMALL, AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED VEHICLES UTILIZING THEIR OWN GUIDEWAY AND OFF-LINE STATIONS. AN OPPORTUNITY INDEX IS DEFINED BY WHICH THE NETWORK IS EVALUATED AND COMPARED TO THE PRESENT AUTO-STREET SYSTEM. IT CONSISTS OF A MODIFICATION OF THE STANDARD ACCESSIBILITY INDEX. THE NETWORK IS FIRST DEVELOPED IN A GENERAL WAY AND THE RATIONALE FOR THE OPPORTUNITY INDEX IS PRESENTED. THE METHOD IS THEN DEMONSTRATED BY DESIGNING A PRT SYSTEM NETWORK FOR A SECTION OF MINNEAPOLIS. THE STUDY CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Planning KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133113 AU - Louviere, J J AU - Beavers, L L AU - Norman, K L AU - Stetzer, F C AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THEORY, METHODOLOGY, AND FINDINGS IN MODE CHOICE BEHAVIOR PY - 1973/07 SP - 53 p. AB - This report represents an exploration into the modeling of mode choice from a strictly psychological theoretic standpoint. As such, previous references to the mode choice literature are felt by the authors to be inappropriate because: (1) There are no standards for comparison; (2) research has not dealt with the real world prediction of mode choice; and (3) results are too preliminary to base comparisons upon. Nonetheless, the research reported here is within the domain termed 'behavioral modal split models' but it is clearly different in its psychological orientation and experimental methodology. This research was designed to: (1) Test the feasibility of laboratory type experiments for transportation research, specifically mode choice; (2) test the applicability of methodology developed in experimental judgment studies to such experiments; and (3) draw conclusions based on (1) and (2) which would lead to recommendations for further research. KW - Behavior KW - Decision making KW - Experimental data KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Human factors KW - Judgment (Human characteristics) KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Psychological aspects KW - Psychological tests KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Social psychology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation research KW - Travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41363 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200636 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROGRAM. A PROCEDURE FOR LONG RANGE TRANSPORTATION (SKETCH) PLANNING PY - 1973/07 SP - 41 p. AB - THE PAPER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENTIRE UTPS (URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM) PACKAGE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PLAN. IT CONTAINS A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SKETCH PLANNING PROCEDURE AS WELL AS OTHER UTPS MODULES USED WITH THE PROCEDURE DESIGNED TO AID PLANNERS AT ALL LEVELS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. THE GOAL OF SKETCH PLANNING IS TO OVERCOME THE TRADITIONAL PROBLEMS OF HIGH COST IN SPECIFYING AND EVALUATING PLANNING ALTERNATIVES, AND THE INABILITY TO CONSIDER ALL MODES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE PROCEDURE PROVIDES AN EFFICIENT MEANS OF DESCRIBING AND ANALYZING MANY ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS, EACH COMPOSED OF A LARGE VARIETY OF MODES, AT A LEVEL OF DATA AGGREGATION APPROPRIATE TO LONG RANGE PLANNING AND TO REQUIRED POLICY DECISIONS. AMONG THE PROCEDURE'S UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER SCORES OF NETWORK ALTERNATIVES EXPRESSED AS A BASIC NETWORK WITH APPENDED TREE-STRUCTURED SET OF MODIFICATIONS, ITS ALGORITHM FOR FINDING MULTIPLE PATHS THROUGH A MULTI-MODAL NETWORK, AND ITS ESTIMATION OF TRAVEL DEMAND USING A MULTI-MODAL MODEL. THE PROCEDURE WILL PROVIDE INTERACTIVE OPERATION USING A TIME-SHARED COMPUTER AND ON-LINE GRAPHICS FOR PHASED NETWORK MODIFICATION AND EVALUATION. INITIAL MODULES OF THE PROCEDURE WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC IN FALL 1973. /AUTHPR/ KW - Algorithms KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Multiple paths KW - Network analyzers KW - Systems analysis KW - Time sharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242210 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROGRAM-A PROCEDURE FOR LONG RANGE TRANSPORTATION (SKETCH) PLANNING-TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1973/07 SP - 43 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS PART OF THE UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS), A SET OF TOOLS DESIGNED TO AID PLANNERS AT ALL LEVELS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. THIS PAPER PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE ENTIRE UTPS PACKAGE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PLAN. IT CONTAINS A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SKETCH PLANNING PROCEDURE AS WELL AS OTHER UTPS MODULES USED WITH THE PROCEDURE. THE GOAL OF SKETCH PLANNING IS TO OVERCOME THE TRADITIONAL PROBLEMS OF HIGH COST IN SPECIFYING AND EVALUATING PLANNING ALTERNATIVES, AND THE INABILITY TO CONSIDER ALL MODES SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE PROCEDURE PROVIDES AN EFFICIENT MEANS OF DESCRIBING AND ANALYZING MANY ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS, EACH COMPOSED OF A LARGE VARIETY OF MODES, AT A LEVEL OF DATA AGGREGATION APPROPRIATE TO LONG RANGE PLANNING AND TO REQUIRED POLICY DECISIONS. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ARE TO HAVE A PLANNING TOOL WHICH IS RELATIVELY EASY TO USE, CAN BE IMPLEMENTED WITH MINIMAL FUTURE NETWORK AND HOST ENVIRONMENTAL DATA, AND IS EFFICIENT IN TERMS OF THE COMPUTER AND HUMAN RESOURCES, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PROVIDING USEFUL INFORMATION REGARDING EXPECTED TRAVEL DEMAND, TRAVEL COST, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS. AMONG THE PROCEDURE'S UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ABILITY TO CONSIDER SCORES OF NETWORK ALTERNATIVES EXPRESSED AS A "BASIC" NETWORK WITH APPENDED TREE-STRUCTURED SET OF MODIFICATIONS, ITS ALGORITHM FOR FINDING MULTIPLE PATHS THROUGH A MULTI-MODAL NETWORK, AND ITS ESTIMATION OF TRAVEL DEMAND USING A MULTI-MODAL MODEL. THE PROCEDURE WILL PROVIDE FOR INTERACTIVE OPERATION USING A TIME-SHARED COMPUTER AND ON-LINE GRAPHICS FOR PHASED NETWORK MODIFICATION AND EVALUATION. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Finance KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Networks KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242240 AU - VOORHEES, A M AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Des Moines City Plan and Zoning Commission TI - DES MOINES AREA TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1973/07 SP - 197 p. AB - INCREASING CAR OWNERSHIP, IMPROVED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS AND THE DISPERSAL OF POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT TO THE SUBURBS HAVE BEEN MAJOR FACTORS CAUSING THE STEADY DECLINE IN TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN DES MOINES AS WELL AS OTHER CITIES SINCE THE EARLY 1950'S. THE CENTRAL IOWA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION (CIRPC) RETAINED ALAN M. VOORHEES AND ASSOCIATES TO ANALYZE TRANSIT SERVICE AND NEEDS IN THE DES MOINES, IOWA, URBAN AREA. THE STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EQUITABLE AND PRACTICAL IMMEDIATE ACTION AND SHORT-RANGE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS, AND TO PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR LONG-RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING. THE PRESENT STATUS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE STUDY AREA IS EXAMINED. LAND USE AND POPULATIN DATA WERE DEVELOPED FOR THE 12 SUPER-DISTRICTS UNDER CONSIDERATION. DESCRIPTIONS, SUMMARIES, AND ANALYSES OF DATA COLLECTION ARE PRESENTED AND TRANSIT CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS DISCERNED. THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR TRANSIT ARE PUT FORTH. CONTINUANCE OF PRESENT OPERATIONS WITHOUT ASSISTANCE, A MUNICIPLE OPERATION, A METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY, OR PAYMENT OF DIRECT SUBISDY TO THE PRIVATE OWNER ARE CONSIDERED ALTERNATIVES. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE POSITED AND FINANCIAL NEEDS DETERMINED. TABLES, CHARTS AND MAPS ARE NUMEROUS. THE APPENDICES INCLUDE VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS OF THE DES MOINES PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SAMPLES OF THE SURVEYS CONDUCTED, MAPS OF MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATORS, ROUTES AND EXISTING LAND USE. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267023 AU - Yang, S AU - University of Minnesota, Twin Cities TI - LOW SENSITIVITY DESIGN OF OPTIMAL FEEDBACK SYSTEMS FOR LONGITUDINAL CONTROL OF AUTOMATED TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1973/07 SP - 158 p. AB - Many new urban transportation systems involve the use of automatically controlled vehicles. Some new systems, such as Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) and Dual Mode, are characterized by small automated transit vehicles traveling on exclusive guideways. The number of passengers per vehicle is small and short headways are necessary for high capacity. This requires a versatile, efficient and safe control system which maintains proper spacing between vehicles on guideways without causing passenger discomfort. The longitudinal control system is an essential part of the overall control system for automated transit vehicles. It must be capable of closely following the acceleration-deceleration profiles as commanded by wayside computers during merging, manuvering to avoid conflicts at intersections, pushing a failing vehicle or stopping for an emergency. This report was devoted to the design of such a longitudinal control system by using modern control technology. A detailed mathematical model of the longitudinal motion of automated transit vehicles in an external-reference system is presented. The model is nondimensional so that results are applicable to a variety of systems. From the results of the study, it appears to the author that optimal control theory can be usefully applied to the design of a longitudinal control system for automated transit vehicles. A bibliography is included and appendices include "Flow Charts of Computer Programs" and "Derivation of Steady-State Behavior of the Observer." KW - Automatic train control KW - Computer programs KW - Control systems KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Headways KW - Longitudinal KW - Mathematical models KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Signaling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242220 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - SEATTLE MODEL CITIES TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1973/07 SP - 117 p. AB - THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS IN THE CITY OF SEATTLE, IDENTIFY THEIR MAGNITUDE AND PROPOSE SOLUTIONS. THERE WERE FOUR PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES TO THE STUDY: (1) TO DETERMINE TRANSIT DEMAND AND TO ASSESS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PROBLEMS OF MODEL CITY RESIDENTS, (2) TO RECOMMEND SOLUTIONS IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL AND DOCUMENTATION TO ENABLE IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION, (3) TO RECOMMEND PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF BEING PART OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES OR WHICH PROVIDE VIABLE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, AND (4) TO COORDINATE THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY WITH RELATED AREA AND SUB-AREA LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION STUDIES, PLANS, AND PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE THE ACCESS OF MODEL CITY RESIDENTS TO DESIRED DESTINATIONS AND ACTIVITIES WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE AREA. COORDINATION WAS MAINTAINED BETWEEN THE LOCAL PUBLIC AGENCIES VIA A TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND THE MODEL CITY RESIDENTS THROUGH A COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT PROGRAM WHICH IS DESCRIBED FULLY IN THE REPORT. WORK PROGRAMS WERE REVISED AS THE STUDY PROCEEDED DUE TO DIFFICULTIES IN TAKING SURVEYS, THE INSTITUTION OF A "MINI-TRAN" EXPERIMENTAL COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICE, THE DESIGNATION OF SEATTLE AS A MODEL CITY "PLANNED VARIATION" CITY, AND THE START OF A STUDY TO ESTABLISH A COUNTY-WIDE TRANSIT PLAN. THE AUTHORS MAKE FIVE SPECIFIC LENGTHY RECOMMENDATIONS DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION IN THE STUDY AREA IN THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME AT THE GREATEST ECONOMY. KW - Access KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Model Cities Program KW - Social factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00221867 AU - Roemer, F P AU - Sinha, K C AU - Marquette University TI - THE PROBLEM OF PERSONAL SECURITY IN BUSES ALONG A TRANSIT ROUTE IN MILWAUKEE AND ITS EFFECTS ON RIDERSHIP PY - 1973/07 SP - 71 p. AB - THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DECREASE IN TRANSIT PASSENGERS AND THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENCES AND BELIEFS OF RIDERS AND POTENTIAL RIDERS RELATIVE TO INCIDENTS OF ON-BUS CRIME AND VANDALISM. AN ATTEMPT IS ALSO MADE TO IDENTIFY A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUCH BELIEFS AND EXPERIENCES ON PASSENGER USAGE AS RELATED TO THE SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS OF THE RESPONDENTS. THE STUDY PROCEDURE INCLUDES TWO QUESTIONNAIRES FORMS WHICH WERE DESIGNED, PRETESTED AND REVISED PRIOR TO EXECUTING THE FINAL SURVEY OF THE RIDERS USING THE TRANSIT ROUTE AND NON-RIDERS LIVING ADJACENT TO THE ROUTE. THE INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT TRANSIT CRIME AND VANDALISM HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON PASSENGER USAGE, AND THAT THE EFFECT BECOMES MORE PRONOUNCED AS THE DISTANCE FROM THE POSITION ON THE ROUTE DECREASES RELATIVE TO THE CENTRAL CITY. HOWEVER, IT WAS FOUND THAT SERVICE FACTORS SUCH AS FREQUENCY OF SERVICE, FARE LEVEL, CONVENIENCE OF ROUTE, AND TRAVEL TIME PROVED TO BE MORE CRITICAL FOR TRANSIT USAGE THAN PERSONAL SECURITY. A LIST OF REFERENCES AND SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRES ARE INCLUDED. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Crimes KW - Passengers KW - Personal property KW - Private property KW - Ridership KW - Urban transportation KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/111648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242219 AU - Mark Battle Associates TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1973/07 SP - 195 p. AB - THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO EXPLORE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSIT USAGE BY THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED AND TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO THEIR USE OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS INCLUDING PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, TRAVEL NEEDS, INFORMATION NEEDS, AND OTHER PROBLEMS AS ASCERTAINED BY THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED THEMSELVES. THE TWO PRIMARY METHODS OF RESEARCH WERE A SEARCH OF LITERATURE RELATING TO THE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED AND CASE STUDIES OF FOUR CITIES IN WHICH THE NEEDS AND PROBLEMS OF THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED WERE CONSIDERED IN DETAIL. THE FOUR CITIES WERE ALBANY, KNOXVILLE, SACRAMENTO AND SOUTH BEND, CHOSEN WITH REGARD TO POPULATION, GEOGRAPHY, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS, MASS TRANSIT USE AS COMPARED TO AUTOS, TYPES OF MASS TRANSIT AND PERCENTAGE OF ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. EACH CITY HAS MORE ELDERLY RESIDENTS THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE AND ALL HAVE A BUS SYSTEM. FINDINGS ARE SUMMARIZED BY TRANSIT USAGE OF THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED, PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS, PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS, TRANSPORTATION COSTS, RESPONSIVENESS OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM TO TRAVEL NEEDS, PREFERRED AND MOST USED INFORMATION SOURCES, SERVICE AND SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE HANDICAPPED ENCOUNTER MORE TRANSIT PROBLEMS THAN THE ELDERLY, SPEND MORE MONEY ON TRANSPORTATION EVEN THOUGH THEY USE MASS TRANSIT LESS. THE AUTHORS MAKE LISTS OF RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH WOULD ENABLE THE TRANSIT SYSTEM TO REMOVE PHYSICAL BARRIERS, INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS, ECONOMIC BARRIERS, INFORMATION BARRIERS, AND SERVICE BARRIERS. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Information systems KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Psychological aspects KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Transportation KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081303 AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE HANDICAPPED AND ELDERLY MARKET FOR URBAN MASS TRANSIT-EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1973/07 SP - 32 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine the urban mass transit needs of the elderly and handicapped in order that the Department might better meet their needs. The entire study is divided into three reports: The Executive Summary (this report), a Technical Report which details the study findings, methodology, references, data, etc., and a Census Data section which consists of supportive statistics. This report describes the status, existing services and transit needs and demands of the elderly and handicapped. Alternative solutions discussed include the upgrading of existing or planned systems, Dial-A-Ride, transit stamps, coupon taxi and ubiquitous fixed route service. Various impacts are analyzed and recommendations are made concerning further studies and reports and approaches for local planners are outlined. KW - Aged KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Improvements KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00264621 AU - RRC International, Incorporated TI - THE VALLEY TRANSIT DISTRICT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1973/07 SP - 28 p. AB - The Valley Transit Demonstration project represents a comprehensive and far reaching effort to develop new flexible forms of integrated transit operations to serve the transportation needs of many small to medium-sized cities. This interim report summarizes the significant results and accomplishments of this innovative bus system which has been in public operation for approximately 6 months in the Southern part of Connecticut. The three year program began July 1971 and is currently beginning its third year. The first phase (18 months in duration) was devoted to the design and development of equipment and operations. The second phase is concerned with testing and demonstrating the system in public operation. Operations at present involve the use of 6 medium-sized buses owned and operated by the Valley Transit District (VTD) of Derby, CT. Transit services provided include door-to-door, rent-a-bus, and shuttle service. Major accomplishments to date include: ridership response has been overwhelming with the VTD now taking action to double fleet size; a new concept of fare collection based on the use of credit cards is now an operating part of the system; and vehicle modifications have been demonstrated in actual transit operations to be highly acceptable and effective means of solving bus entry/exit problems encountered by elderly/handicapped passengers. KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Double layer theory KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/136721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224646 AU - Schultz, O W AU - Gesell fuer Kernenerg in Schiffbau & Schiffahrt TI - THE VOV-STANDARD-LINIENBUS. CREATION OF THE CONCEPT-CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES-PROBLEM AREAS-TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS PY - 1973/07 SP - 125 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO DESIGN A CITY TRANSIT BUS WHICH COMBINES THE GREATEST POSSIBLE ADAPTABILITY TO PEOPLE WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN REGARD TO POLLUTION AND NOISE. VARIOUS MEETINGS WHICH LED TO THE STANDARD BUS CONCEPT FORMULATION ARE DISCUSSED. THE FIRST MAJOR PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC DISCUSSED IS THE VEHICLE'S DIMENSIONS AND DESIGN, INCLUDING FACTORS SUCH AS BODY STRUCTURE, FLOOR SHAPE, ENGINE, WHEEL AND TIRES, AND OUTSIDE AND INSIDE DIMENSIONS. DRAWINGS ARE INCLUDED AS EXAMPLES OF EACH ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERED. A SHORTER VERSION OF THE STANDARD BUS IS EXAMINED AS A VEHICLE VARIANT. COMPONENTS AND VEHICLE EQUIPMENT DISCUSSED INCLUDE GLAZING, DOORS FOR ENTRANCES AND EXITS, VEHICLE SERVICE FLAPS, THE DRIVING COMPARTMENT, SEATING ARRANGEMENT AND SEATS, HANDRAILS, SIGNS AND MARKINGS, HEATING AND VENTILATION, AND BODY ACCESSORIES. POWER SUPPLY, CURRENT CONSUMER AND WIRING ARE ALL DISCUSSED IN THE SECTION ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. THE BRAKING AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IS DIAGRAMMED AND OUTLINED. ALL TOPICS OF DISCUSSION ARE ILLUSTRATED BY CHARTS, DRAWINGS, AND/OR PHOTOGRAPHS. APPROXIMATELY 6,000 OF THE STANDARDIZED VOV BUSES HAVE BEEN MANUFACTURED IN WEST GERMANY, HUNGARY AND IN FRANCE, WHICH PRODUCES A SMALLER VERSION. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Brakes KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electrical equipment KW - Environmental engineering KW - Noise control KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Size KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242228 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING PY - 1973/07 SP - 194 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS A REFERENCE DOCUMENT FOR THOSE COMMUNITIES CONTEMPLATING THE PREPARATION OF SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF THESE PROGRAMS ARE THE REVITALIZAITON OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND THE PROVISION OF GREATER MOBILITY FOR SUBSTANTIAL GROUPS OF TRANSIT DEPENDENT PERSONS. IT SHOULD BE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST TO LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS, REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES, AND TRANSIT OPERATIONS. THE MATERIAL IN THIS REPORT WAS DESIGNED FOR COMMUNITIES HAVING LESS THAN 1 MILLION RESIDENTS BECAUSE LARGER AREAS HAVE INCREASED COMPLEXITIES OF TRANSPORTATION/GENERAL PLANNING RELATIONSHIPS. SEVEN MONOGRAPHS ON SELECTED PHASES OF TRANSIT PLANNING WERE PREPARED FOR THIS REPORT. THE MONOGRAPHS ARE NOT MEANT TO INCREASE THE STATE OF THE ART BY PRESENTING NEW AND UNTRIED PROCEDURES OR METHODS, NOR ARE THEY ADVOCATES OF THE USE OF SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES OVER OTHERS. THEY DO PRESENT TECHNIQUES WHICH HAVE BEEN USED SUCCESSFULLY IN SELECTED URBAN AREAS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONAL AREAS ARE COVERED IN THE MONOGRAPHS: ROUTES AND SCHEDULES; FARE STRUCTURE AND PRICING; FLEET MIX; MARKETING; MANAGEMENT; FINANCIAL PLANNING; AND CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Communities KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Route choice KW - Scheduling KW - Small cities KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00205212 AU - American Horticultural Society TI - TRANSIT PLANNING: A MANUAL PY - 1973/07 SP - 68 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO DEVELOP A MANUAL FOR THE HORTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTS IN ORDER TO ENVISION AN URBAN LANDSCAPE OF THE FUTURE AND UNDERSTAND THE NEED TO SOFTEN THAT SCENE BY THE INTRODUCTION OF NATURAL PLANT ELEMENTS. THE INTENTION OF THE PROJECT IS TO SHOW THAT VARIOUS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENTS IN URBAN AREAS COULD LOOK MORE ATTRACTIVE AND FUNCTION MORE EFFICIENTLY BY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO ECOLOGICAL AND HORTICULTURAL FACTORS. VARIOUS LANDSCAPES ARE INTRODUCED IN WHICH HIGHLY RELIABLE, ALL-SEASON PLANTS WOULD BE A PRIME CONTRIBUTOR TO THE DESIGN. THERE IS ALSO A GUIDE WHICH WOULD ENABLE TRANSIT PLANNERS ANYWHERE IN THE NATION TO MAKE A BETTER SELECTION OF PLANTING MATERIALS FOR THEIR PARTICULAR REGION SO THAT MATERIALS ONCE CHOSEN WOULD PROVIDE AN ASSURANCE OF SUCCESSFUL AND ECONOMICAL MAINTENANCE. THIS MANUAL IS ALSO INTENDED TO STRENGTHEN CITIZEN SUPPORT AND STIMULATE LOCAL ACTION AIMED AT "GREENING UP" URBAN ENVIRONMENTS. JUDGMENTS ON THE SUITBAILITY OF SPECIFIC PLANTS IN SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS ARE BASED ON ECOLOGICAL ADAPTABILITY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SUCH FACTORS AS CLIMATE, THE PLANT'S ABILITY TO RESIST POLLUTION, AND THE AMOUNT OF CARE REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN THE SPECIFIC PLANT. BESIDES AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL ZONES, AND ALPHABETICAL LISTS OF PLANTS ACCORDING TO SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES, SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED IN RELATION TO BUS STOPS, SUBURBAN TERMINALS AND DOWNTOWN STATIONS. TREES ARE ANALYZED ACCORDING TO SIZE, GROWTH RATE, SHAPE, FEATURES SUCH AS SHADE, FLOWERS OR ORNAMENTAL VALUE, POSSIBILITIES OF TRAINING TO A LARGE SCHRUB, AND TYPES OF SOIL REQIRED. ALSO DISCUSSED IN A LIKE VEIN ARE SHRUBS, GROUND COVERS AND INTERIOR PLANTS. /UMTA/ KW - Beautification KW - Ecology KW - Highway beautification KW - Highways KW - Landscape design KW - Manuals KW - Planting KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic rollers KW - Public transit KW - Rollers KW - Urban areas KW - Vegetation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202099 AU - National Urban League, Inc AU - Mark Battle Associates TI - MARKETING TECHNIQUES AND THE MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1973/07 SP - 116 p. AB - THIS REPORT, A TRANSIT INFORMATION AND MARKETING STUDY, WAS PERFORMED WITH TWO OBJECTIVES IN MIND: (1) TO IDENTIFY MARKETING AND INFORMATION TECHNIQUES BEING USED SUCCESSFULLY BY MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS TO INCREASE PATRONAGE AND TO MAKE THEIR SYSTEMS MORE ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC, AND (2) TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR EVALUATING TRANSIT INFORMATION AND MARKETING SYSTEMS AND TO DEVELOP METHODS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE SYSTEMS. THREE METHODS WERE USED TO GATHER THE INFORMATION IN THIS REPORT: A LITERATURE SEARCH, A WRITTEN QUESTIONNAIRE TO TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND VISITS TO FIVE CITIES FOR PERSONAL INTERVIEWS WITH TRANSIT SYSTEM OFFICIALS. THIS STUDY DESCRIBES A NUMBER OF EFFORTS BEING MADE IN VARIOUS PLACES TO OVERCOME THE PROBLEMS CONFRONTING TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THE MAIN PROBLEMS ARE FOUND TO BE COMPETITION WITH OTHER TRANSIT MODES (ESPECIALLY AUTOMOBILES), INCREASING COSTS, AND COMMUNICATION BARRIERS BETWEEN THE TRANSIT SERVICE AND THE PUBLIC. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE AND AREAS WHERE FURTHER WORK AND RESEARCH MAY BE USEFUL ARE SUGGESTED. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED IN TEN CHAPTERS ARRANGED IN THREE SECTIONS: MARKETING CONCEPTS, MARKETING IN FIVE SELECTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND A SYSTEMATIC MARKETING EVALUATION MODEL. A COMPANION HANDBOOK TO THIS REPORT INCLUDES SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF ADVERTISEMENTS AND PROMOTIONAL PAMPHLETS FOR USE BY ALL MEDIA. KW - Competition KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242211 AU - Boeing Vertol Company TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1973/07 SP - 74 p. AB - THIS REPORT REVIEWS THE SECOND YEAR'S EFFORTS OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION'S URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROGRAM IS TO ENHANCE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSIT TO THE URBAN TRAVELER BY PROVIDING HIM WITH TRANSIT VEHICLES THAT ARE AS COMFORTABLE, RELIABLE, SAFE AND ECONOMICAL AS POSSIBLE. REVIEW OF THE BART PROTOTYPE TESTING HAS BEEN COMPLETED. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR (SOAC) WAS DELIVERED AND TESTED AT THE HIGH SPEED GOUND TEST CENTER. THE FULL- SCALE SOAC MOCKUP HAS BEEN EXHIBITED IN SEVERAL CITIES. THE DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION DEVELOPMENT PHASE OF THE ADVANCED CONCEPT TRAIN (ACT-1) WAS COMPLETED. KW - Comfort KW - Economic factors KW - Rapid transit KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241580 AU - Brand, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - DUAL MODE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS OF DEMAND AND BENEFITS IN URBAN AREAS; AND DEVELOPMENT OF PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS PY - 1973/06 SP - 134 p. AB - THE DUAL MODE CONCEPT ASSUMES THAT VEHICLES, OPERATING AT HIGH DENSITIES UNDER AUTOMATIC CONTROL ON GUIDEWAYS, RETAIN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CONVENTIONAL AUTOMOBILES OR BUSES OFF THE GUIDEWAY, NAMELY MANUAL OPERATION ON SHARED RIGHTS OF WAY. THE PRINCIPLE SERVICE OBJECTIVES IN URBAN AREAS ARE TO PROVIDE THE HAUL CAPACITY COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH MASS TRANSIT AND THE DOOR-TO-DOOR TRAVEL SERVICE NOW PROVIDED BY THE PRIVATE CAR. QUESTIONS RELATING TO APPROPRIATE AND DESIRABLE GUIDEWAY SPEEDS, CAPACITIES, METHODS OF OPERATION AND PLACEMENT (SPACING, ETC.) NEED TO BE RESOLVED. AS ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT PROCEEDS ON DUAL MODE SYSTEMS, AND DESIGN TRADEOFFS BETWEEN CAPACITIES, SPEEDS, COMFORT AND COSTS, ETC., BECOME BETTER UNDERSTOOD, THEY MUST BE SUBSTITUTED IN PLACE OF THE THEORETICAL FLOW MAXIMUMS AND INITIAL COST DATA USED IN THIS ANALYSIS. FOR THIS REASON, THE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS DEVELOPED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE VIEWED AS INITIAL STANDARDS. THEY CONSIDER URBAN MOBILITY AND BENEFIT ISSUES SO AS NOT TO DEVELOP A "NON SYSTEM WHICH SOLVES A NON PROBLEM." /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240167 AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - THE FEASIBILITY OF FARE-FREE TRANSIT IN LOS ANGELES PY - 1973/06 SP - 169 p. AB - THIS REPORT EXPLORES THE FEASIBILITY OF FARE-FREE TRANSIT IN LOS ANGELES FROM FOUR PERSPECTIVES: HISTORY OF TRANSPORTATION IN LOS ANGELES, RIDERSHIP ASPECTS OF FARE-FREE TRANSIT, FINANCING CONSIDERATIONS AND SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. THERE ARE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING EACH OF THESE CONSIDERATIONS AS WELL AS A SUMMARY OF ALL CONCLUSIONS REACHED ON THE SUBJECT. A SIMULATION MODEL WAS USED TO DERIVE A POSITION ON THE EFFECT OF NO FARE ON RIDERSHIP; A BRIEF SURVEY OF KEY POLITICAL FIGURES WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THEIR SUPPORT OF SUCH AN ISSUE. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Simulation KW - Social factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097472 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Remak, R AU - Henneman, S AU - Interplan Corporation TI - INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME III - TRANSIT INTEGRATION IN THE U.S. URBAN AREAS PY - 1973/06 SP - 343 p. AB - This is the third of a three volume report designed to assess the potential for interagency and intermodal integration of transit systems in U.S. urban areas, drawing on an analysis of the successful experience of European systems. This volume deals with the application of techniques which have contributed to the success of European systems to three major U.S. cities: Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle. This application of techniques was also tested in an archetypal smaller urban area, "Middletown." The procedure is described by which a selection was made of representative areas for investigation from the 243 SMSA'S in the U.S. Also described is a preliminary investigation of 30 major metropolitan areas and the further investigation of 17 others by means of literature searches, questionnaires, wish lists, and field investigations, The report then reviews the final selection of three areas where different European approaches to integration could be applied. The report contains a number of profiles and includes an assessment of the transit integration potential in Baltimore, Cleveland, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, and San Diego. Suggested programs for transit integration are presented for the three major U.S. cities and "Middletown." Discussions present descriptions of area characteristics, existing public transit services, Local transportation planning and efforts at transit integration, and a program outline to integrate the metropolitan area public transit services. Appendices are included. KW - Foreign KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Systems integration KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242206 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - BLUE STREAK BUS RAPID TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT--APPENDIX PY - 1973/06 SP - 98 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS THE APPENDIX TO THE FINAL BLUE STREAK REPORT WHICH IS AN EXPRESS BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGNED TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF INCREASED LEVELS OF SERVICE ON TRANSIT ROUTES AND THE OVERALL IMPACT OF A PARK-AND-RIDE LOT WITH EXPRESS SERVICE TO DOWNTOWN SEATTLE. IT WAS A TWO AND ONE HALF YEARS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT AFTER WHICH GUIDELINES WERE STUDIED FOR THE LOCATION OF PARK-AND-RIDE LOTS, THE IMPACT OF EXCLUSIVE TRANSIT FREEWAY RAMPS WAS SIMULATED, AND A MODAL SPLIT MODEL WAS CALIBRATED. THE APPENDIX CONTAINS AN INTRODUCTION, A DESCRIPTION OF BLUE STREAK, AN OUTLINE OF THE ROUTES, A DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA COLLECTION AND, AS THE BULK OF THE REPORT, A SERIES OF CHARTS AND FIGURES WHICH SERVE TO ILLUSTRATE THE MAIN BODY OF THE REPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Calibration KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Parking lots UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223955 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated TI - AERODYNAMIC AND THERMODYNAMIC VALIDATION TESTS IN BERKELEY HILLS TUNNEL PY - 1973/06 VL - I SP - 118 p. AB - THIS MILESTONE REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED UNDER THE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (TDC) PROJECT "VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS," AND IS ONE OF MANY SUCH REPORTS LEADING TO THE FINAL PRODUCT -- A "SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT DESIGN HANDBOOK." THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A SERIES OF FIELD TESTS CONDUCTED ON THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT (BART) SYSTEM IN CALIFORNIA FOR THE PURPOSE OF VALIDATING THE ANALYTICAL TOOLS DEVELOPED PURSUANT TO THE TDC PROJECT. THE REPORT ALSO PRESENTS DIRECT COMPARISONS OF EXPERIMENT AND THEORY, DEMONSTRATING THE APPLICABILITY OF THE ANALYTICAL TOOLS TO FULL SCALE RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THIS REPORT IS THE FIRST VOLUME IN A TWO VOLUME SET. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental engineering KW - Field tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Simulation KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242795 AU - Regional Planning Council, E Cent Fla TI - PLAN TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY IN ORANGE, SEMINOLE, AND OSCEOLA COUNTIES PY - 1973/06 SP - 71 p. AB - RECOGNIZING THE NEED FOR IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY LIVING WITHIN SEVERAL FLORIDA COUNTIES, A PLANNING STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO MORE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFY THEIR NEEDS AND DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO RESPOND TO THESE NEEDS. ON COMPLETION OF THE PLANNING PHASE, A SECOND GRANT APPLICATION WAS PREPARED AND SUBMITTED TO CARRY OUT A 24 MONTH DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM WITHIN THE 3 COUNTY REGION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WAS TO INCREASE MOBILITY OF THE ELDERLY IN THE STUDY AREA AND IN DOING SO, INCREASE THEIR OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE MORE FULLY IN OBTAINING AND USING THE SERVICES AND FACILITIES AVAILABLE WITHIN THE COMMUNITY. THROUGHOUT THE PLANNING PHASE, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION WAS MAINTAINED THROUGH THE SENIOR CITIZEN TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY COMMISIONS IN THE COUNTIES. OBJECTIVES TO BE MET BY THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARE: IT MUST BE KNOWN AND UNDERSTOOD BY USER, CONVENIENT TO USE, COMFORTABLE, DESIGNED TO INTERCONNECT ELDERLY RESIDENTIAL LOCATIONS WITH DESTINATIONS TO WHICH THEY DESIRE ACCESS, AND MUST BE "COST-EFFECTIVE." IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED THAT EIGHT, 25-30 PASSENGER VEHICLES BE PURCHASED. WITHIN CENTRAL ORANGE COUNTY AREA, SERVICE WILL BE ON A DOOR-TO-DOOR BASIS TO SERVE THOSES WHO CANNOT USE REGULARLY SCHEDULED TRANSIT. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Cost accounting KW - Finance KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224034 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated TI - AERODYNAMIC AND THEORMODYNAMIC TESTS IN THE BERKELEY HILLS TUNNEL VOLUME II PY - 1973/06 SP - 59 p. AB - THIS MILESTONE REPORT DESCRIBES THE VALIDATION OF THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION (SES) COMPUTER PROGRAM. THIS VALIDATION WAS DONE BY FIELD TEST IN THE BERKELEY HILLS TUNNEL OF BART. THIS VOLUME II CONTAINS THE DETAILED PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS MADE INSIDE THE TUNNEL, ON-BOARD SIX-CAR TRAINS AND AT THE TUNNEL PORTAL. PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS SHOW ENTRY AND EXIT TRANSIENTS AND PRESSURE FLUCTUATION INSIDE THE TUNNEL CAUSED BY BOTH TRAIN AND EMERGENCY FAN OPERATIONS. /FHWA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental engineering KW - Field tests KW - Measurement KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnel pressures KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190229 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING URBAN MOBILITY: A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1973/06 SP - 213 p. AB - The purpose of the Urban Mass Transportation's RD&D Program is to provide information about possible improvements to urban mass transportation systems which communities can use in selecting the best way to deal with their particular transportation requirements. The principle means of providing this information is to publish annually a compilation of reports on the status of UMTA's projects. Research projects are intended to produce information about possible improvements in urban mass transportation; development projects involve fabrication, testing and evaluation of new equipment, facilities, systems or methods; and demonstration projects introduce, on an experimental basis, new methods, equipment or systems of urban mass transportation into a representative urban environment. This report is a supplement to the 1972 volume, and contains updated descriptions of projects sponsored and funded by UMTA. The project numbering scheme used in this volume was changed in FY 72 and conversion tables from old to new project numbers are provided in the 30 June 72 report compilation, but are not repeated in this supplement. The annual volumes that comprise UMTA's RD&D projects are: "Research, Development and Demonstration Projects, 30 June 72" (this report is an historical record of all projects funded earlier under authorization of the Housing Act of 1961, and is available from the National Technical Information Service, NTIS Order No. PB 213-228), and "Innovation in Public Transportation: A Directory of Research, Development and Demonstration Projects, 30 June 1974" and for fiscal years 1975 and 1976 (three separate reports with the same title), which are also available from NTIS. The annual report for FY 1977 will be available within the near future. /UMTA/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239556 AU - Harvey, D L AU - NAGEL, J AU - Van, LIESHOUT W AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK III REPORT, URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY REPORTING SYSTEM DESIGN PART II - REPORTING SYSTEM INSTRUCTION PY - 1973/06 SP - 475 p. AB - THIS IS THE SECOND OF A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A UNIFORM REPORTING SYSTEM FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. PART II CONTAINS GENERAL SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS, PRESCRIBED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THIS REPORTING, AND DETAILED DEFINITIONS OF ALL REPORTING CATAGORIES IN THE SYSTEM FOR TRANSIT OPERATIONS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL. PART I, THE TASK SUMMARY, COVERS NEEDS, OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY, GENERAL DESIGN, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANS OF TASK IV, THE TASK REPORT WHICH WILL COMPLETE PROJECT FARE. PART III SUPPORTIVE OF PART II, PROVIDES THE DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL. PART IV COVERS THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. THE AIMS OF THE COMPLETE PROJECT FARE (UNIFORM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING ELEMENTS) ARE BRIEFLY OUTLINED IN THE INTRODUCTION. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Design KW - Design information KW - Finance KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12745/index UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12745/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239557 AU - Harvey, D L AU - NAGEL, J AU - Van, LIESHOUT W AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK III REPORT, URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY REPORTING SYSTEM DESIGN PART III - REPORTING SYSTEM FORMS PY - 1973/06 SP - 117 p. AB - THIS IS THE THIRD IN A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A UNIFORM REPORTING SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY. PART III PROVIDES THE FORMS FOR THE WORK DONE IN PART II WITH APPROPRIATE CROSS REFERENCES TO PART II. THIS COVERS ASSET REPORTING FORMS, LIABILITY REPORTING FORMS, CAPITAL REPORTING FORMS, EXPENSE REPORTING FORMS, AND NONFINANCIAL OPERATING DATA REPORTING FORMS. PART I, THE TASK SUMMARY, COVERS NEEDS, OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY, GENERAL DESIGN, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND A DESCRITPION OF THE PLANS OF TASK IV, THE TASK REPORT WHICH WILL COMPLETE PROJECT FARE. PART II, IN COOPERATION WITH PART III, PROVIDES DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL. PART IV COVERS THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. THE AIMS OF ALL FOUR TASKS IN PROJECT FARE ARE OUTLINED IN THE INTRODUCTION. KW - Administration KW - Capital KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Financial expenditures KW - Liabilities KW - Operating revenues KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12238/index UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12238/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239555 AU - Harvey, D L AU - NAGEL, J AU - Van, LIESHOUT W AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK III REPORT, URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SUMMARY PY - 1973/06 SP - 41 p. AB - THIS IS THE FIRST OF A FOUR VOLUME STUDY WHICH DESCRIBES A REPORTING SYSTEM WHICH WOULD BE UNIFORM FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. PART I COVERS A DESCRIPTION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TASK III, THE THIRD OF FOUR TASKS IN PROJECT FARE (UNIFORM FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING ELEMENTS). THE PURPOSES OF PROJECT FARE AND A BREAKDOWN OF EACH TASK ARE OUTLINED IN THE INTRODUCTION. PART I SPECIFICALLY COVERS THE NEEDS AND OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY, GENERAL DESIGN, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUDES WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANS OF TASK IV, THE LAST OF THE SERIES. PART II AND III, WHICH ARE BOUND SEPARATELY, PRESENT THE DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. PART IV COVERS THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Design KW - Design information KW - Finance KW - Financial programming KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12737/index UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12737/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239558 AU - Harvey, D L AU - NAGEL, J AU - Van, LIESHOUT W AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Co. TI - PROJECT FARE TASK III REPORT, URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY, REPORTING SYSTEM DESIGN PART IV - COMMUTER RAIL REPORTING PY - 1973/06 SP - 35 p. AB - THIS IS THE LAST IN A SERIES OF FOUR REPORTS WHICH COMPRISE TASK III OF THE FOUR TASK PROJECT FARE. IT COVERS THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS. ICC FORM A IS INCLUDED WITH MODIFICATIONS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A COMPLETE REPORT OF REVENUES, EXPENSES AND NONFINANCIAL OPERATING DATA PERTAINING TO COMMUTER RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE. THE PURPOSE OF THE SEPARATION OF RAIL TRANSIT FROM OTHER TRANSIT SYSTEMS IS DERIVED FROM CHAPTER 3 OF PART I, TASK SUMMARY, WHICH EXPLAINS WHY COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS ARE SUBJECT TO A DIFFERENT REPORTING REQUIREMENT FROM THAT OF OTHER TRANSIT SYSTEMS. PART I, THE TASK SUMMARY, COVERS NEEDS, OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY, GENERAL DESIGN, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANS OF TASK IV, WHICH WILL COMPLETE PROJECT FARE. PART II AND PART III, WHICH ARE BOUND SEPARATELY, PROVIDE DETAILED DOCUMENTATON OF REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS OTHER THAN COMMUTER RAIL. THE AIMS OF ALL FOUR TASKS IN PROJECT FARE ARE OUTLINED IN THE INTRODUCTION. KW - Administration KW - Design KW - Design information KW - Finance KW - Operating revenues KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12235/index UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12235/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081297 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - IMMEDIATE IMPROVEMENTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. PORTLAND VANCOUVER METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1973/06 SP - 191 p. AB - This report describes the analyses, conclusions and recommendations concerning immediate improvements in regional public transportation to be implemented in the next few years. The report describes present transit service in the area, outlines surveys and analyses performed, articulates objectives and standards, recommends a plan for transit improvements, presents estimates of financial results of operation and outlines an implementation program. A summary of the conclusions and recommendations is included at the beginning of the report. Part II, which is not yet finished, will be the 1990 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN. The implementation of the plans presented in both parts will result in a regionwide bus rapid transit system operating on exclusive busways, reserved busways on existing streets or in mixed traffic, with the capability to be converted to a new technology of public transportation systems as that technology unfolds. The performing organization worked closely with the staffs of the Columbia Regional Association of Governments (CRAG), the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District (TRI-MET), the City of Portland, the Oregon State Highway Division, and staff members of the various cities and public agencies throughout the metropolitan area. Meetings with civic, professional and community groups were held to inform the public and to receive comments on the plan. Two large maps, one on existing transit service as of 1971 and one on the recommended transit plan, are included. KW - Busways KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00263143 AU - Marquette University TI - PROCEEDINGS ON THE LECTURE SERIES ON URBAN TRANSPORTATION, 1971-1972. PY - 1973/06 AB - This report is a collection of ten lectures presented during the fall and spring semesters 1971-72 by the Urban Transportation Program at Marquette University. The fall series was on mass transit planning and engineering and the spring series discussed the social and technical aspects of urban transportation problems. Nine of these papers are from the first series and one is from the second. KW - Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Finance KW - Highway transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Social factors KW - Technical analysis KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242794 AU - Mpc Corporation, Penn TI - TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY REPORT-PHASE II PY - 1973/06 SP - 285 p. AB - UNDER SPONSORSHIP OF PORT AUTHORITY OF ALLEGANY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY WAS DEMONSTRATED AND TESTED IN A FULL SCALE EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT. THIS REPORT INCLUDES CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION, TESTING AND EVALUATION OF SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FROM PHASE I. TEST FACILITY IS LOCATED IN ALLEGANY COUNTY'S SOUTH PARK, 11 MILES SOUTH OF PITTSBURG, PA. CBD. TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY ENVISIONS A SYSTEM OPERATING ON FIXED GUIDEWAYS WITH CONTINUOUS HEADWAYS AS CLOSE AS 90 SECONDS. SYSTEM IS BASED ON OPERATING COMPACT, MINIMUM WEIGHT VEHICLES TO PROVIDE ECONOMY OF OPERATIONS IN OFF-PEAK HOURS AND STILL MAINTAIN HIGH FREQUENCY SERVICE. THE ALL ELECTRIC FULLY AUTOMATED VEHICLES RESEMBLE BUSES AND RUN ON 4 PAIRS OF DRIVEN PNEUMATIC TIRES. THE PROJECT IS COMPRISED OF 9,360 FOOT LONG MAIN GUIDEWAY, PRINCIPALLY ON AN AERIAL STRUCTURE WITH A SHORT SECTOR OF AT-GRADE GUIDEWAY. FORMS COMPLETE LOOP WITH STATIONS AT NORTH AND SOUTH ENDS. ROLLING STOCK IS 3 VEHICLES OPERATED SIMULATANEOUSLY OR SINGULARLY. SPECIFIC DISCUSSION OF TEST INCLUDES SPUR ROADWAY WITH 10% GRADE, EMERGENCY WALKWAY, GROUNDING CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CLEARLY DELINEATED. PHOTOGRAPHS, DIAGRAMS, TABLES AND FIGURES PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric buses KW - Evaluation KW - Guideways KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic tire KW - Test facilities KW - Tires KW - Transit expressway KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242303 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION, SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT PY - 1973/06 SP - 46 p. AB - THE TOTAL PURPOSE OF THIS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, OF WHICH THIS REPORT REPRESENTS ONE SMALL PART, IS TO TEST AND EVALUATE NEW TECHNICAL CONCEPTS IN THE FIELD OF RAPID TRANSIT, INCLUDING A VARIETY OF ADVANCED HARDWARE AS WELL AS AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL AND AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS. THE REPORTS ARE ENGINEERING EVALUATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT TESTED AND, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE CONSIDERED FOR POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION INTO THE BARTD SYSTEM, ARE NOT INTENDED TO REFLECT THE FINAL DECISIONS AS THEY MIGHT PERTAIN TO THE DESIGN OF THE BARTD SYSTEM. THIS SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT DESCRIBES THE FINAL VERSION OF THE FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT AND ITS OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH THE FIRST NINE MONTHS OF BART REVENUE SERVICE OPERATION, SEPTEMBER 1972 TO MAY, 1973. THE MAIN PART OF THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE FINAL CONFIGURATION OF THE EQUIPMENT, BOTH FROM A PHYSICAL AND OPERATIONAL VIEWPOINT, AND REFLECTS THE RESULTS OF THE ORIGINAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PARTICULAR MATTERS DISCUSSED INCLUDE EQUIPMENT, HUMAN FACTORS AND OPERATIONS. THE ORIGINAL REPORT, WHICH DISCUSSED THREE SEPARATE AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS, WAS PUBLISHED IN JANUARY 1970 AND IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (PB-189-148,*3.00 ). KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Operations KW - Rapid transit KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242212 AU - Link, D AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - THE PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLES IN AN URBAN TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR PY - 1973/06 SP - 216 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS CONCERNED WITH THE GROWING TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON METROPOLITAN HIGHWAYS, A SITUATION WHICH HAS BECOME SELF-PERPETUATING. BECAUSE OF INCREASED CONCERN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, THIS TREND IS NOW CHANGING WITH THE TENDENCY TO IMPROVE EXISTING SYSTEMS IN ORDER TO MOVE MORE PEOPLE USING FEWER VEHICLES. IT IS POINTED OUT THAT INCENTIVES MUST BE PROVIDED TO ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO USE HIGHER OCCUPANCY VEHICLES SUCH AS BUSES OR CARPOOLS. THESE INCENTIVES COULD BE PROVIDED BY PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLES ON HIGHWAYS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS. USING THE HOLLYWOOD/GOLDEN STATE FREEWAY CORRIDOR IN LOS ANGELES AS AN EXAMPLE, THIS REPORT STUDIES VARIOUS PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT SCHEMES WHICH WOULD IMPROVE THE PERSON FLOW RATE THROUGH THE CORRIDOR, ADDING AS FEW PHYSICAL FACILITIES AS POSSIBLE TO THE EXISTING SYSTEM. THE INVESTIGATION IS MADE ALONG THREE MAJOR CRITERIA: TRANSPORTATION POTENTIAL, ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY, COST, AND SEVERAL MINOR CRITERIA. A RELATIVE IMPORTANCE SCALE COUPLED WITH A PERFORMANCE RATING OF EACH ALTERNATIVE BY EACH CRITERION PROVIDES THE FINAL RATINGS. TWO IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES ARE RECOMMENDED: (1) MULTIPLE OCCUPANCY VEHICLES BY-PASSING OTHER TRAFFIC AT METERED ON-RAMPS; (2) CONTRAFLOW LANES ON THE OFF-PEAK DIRECTIONAL ROADWAYS. THE REPORT IS CONCLUDED WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE ARRANGEMENTS, POTENTIAL, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECOMMENDED PRACTICES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239550 AU - Eisenberg, L AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CONTROL OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1973/06 AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF CLASSICAL CONTROL THEORY FROM A TUTORIAL VIEWPOINT WITH EMPHASIS ON APPLICATIONS TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE LIMITATION OF THE EMPHASIZATION OF SPECIFIC AREAS OF CONTROL THEORY IS BASED ON THE CONSIDERATION OF SPACE, TIME AND NEED. MOST OF FEATURES APPLICABLE TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE PRESENTED, ALTHOUGH MOST OF THE THEORIES PRESENTED ARE JUST AS EASILY APPLICABLE TO CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL, CIVIL, AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. EXAMPLES ARE DEVELOPED THROUGH THEORICAL DESIGN TECHNIQUES AND THEN FURTHER DESIGNED, ANALYZED, AND VERIFIED BY MEANS OF DIGITAL COMPUTER SIMULATIONS. IT WAS FOUND THAT DIGITAL COMPUTER LANGUAGE "CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS MODELING PROGRAM" (CSMP) PROVIDED AN AFFECTIVE MECHANISM TO EFFECT THE SIMULATIONS. KW - Computer programming KW - Control KW - Information processing KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00046015 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1973/05/09 SP - 654 p. AB - The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) has filed an application for Federal capital grant assistance to construct a rapid transit system (50-mile rapid rail) which will include 9 miles of subway, 16 miles of elevated rail and 25 miles of surface rail. In addition, there will be 14 miles of new exclusive busway included in the system. The project affects the total 50-mile system of the City of Atlanta, from the CBD to the Fulton and DeKalb County limits. The permanent adverse environmental impacts for this project include community disruption, family and business displacement and relocation, inappropriate land use changes traffic intrusions, severence of neighborhoods, noise and visual intrusions. Also, there will be acquisition of comparatively small amounts of parks and ecological areas. The historical markers will be relocated. KW - Dekalb County (Georgia) KW - Environmental protection KW - Fulton County (Georgia) KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242192 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE LEHIGH VALLEY PY - 1973/05 SP - 116 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP AN ACTION PROGRAM FOR THE CONTINUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF BUS SERVICE IN THE LEHIGH VALLEY. THE IMPORTANT ISSUES CONSIDERED DURING THE STUDY AND DOCUMENTED IN THIS REPORT INCLUDE: THE QUALITY OF BUS SERVICE TO BE PROVIDED, THE BEST MEANS OF OWNING AND OPERATING A BUS SERVICE IN LEHIGH-NORTHAMPTON COUNTIES, THE COSTS OF PROVIDING GOOD BUS SERVICE AND FINANCING BUS SERVICE. THERE ARE RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING ROUTES, FARE, SERVICE, BUS STOPS AND HARDWARE. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Economics KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267002 AU - Ryan, T T AU - Consortium of Universities TI - LAND ACQUISITION AND CONVEYANCING BY URBAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES: A CASE STUDY OF METRO PY - 1973/05 SP - 61 p. AB - In recognition of the need to relieve traffic conjestion and improve the physical character, economic growth and well-being of the National Capitol region, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) was created in 1967. On December 9, 1969, a bill authorizing Federal participation in the 98-mile regional system (METRO) was signed by the President authorizing $1.1 billion in Federal funds to be expended over a 10 year period. METRO will be a modern rapid rail transit system, utilizing its own exclusive right-of-way with 47 of the 98 miles and 53 of the 86 stations underground. Some 42 miles will be on the surface and 30 miles will be along existing railroad rights-of-way or in medians of highways. The remaining 8 miles will be on aerial structure, mainly grade separations and bridges. As of September 25, 1972, a total of $81.2 million had been committed to real estate and rights-of-way acquisition. The primary objective of this study has been to investigate the plans, programs and operations of WMATA with regard to real estate acquisitions with special emphasis placed on the preparation and conveyancing of title to WMATA. In order to accurately investigate the preparation and conveyancing practices, it was necessary to work closely with with Land Title Insurance Company and attorneys with whom WMATA had contracted to do this work. As a direct result of the investigation and analysis, included in this report are guidelines which should be of assistance to other urban transportation authorities involved in the acquisition of real estate. A bibliography is included. KW - Land use KW - Property acquisition KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242241 AU - Dallas Public Transit Board TI - SPRING CREEK DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM, EARLY IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT PY - 1973/05 SP - 68 p. AB - IN AUGUST, 1971, THE CITY OF DALLAS AND THE DALLAS TRANSIT SYSTEM, UNDER THE URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM, INITIATED A ONE-YEAR EARLY IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT WHICH WAS TO LEAD TO MORE THAN A DOUBLING OF TRANSIT SERVICE ON DTS' LONGEST ROUTE. THE PROJECT'S GOAL WAS TO SIMULATE DIVERSION OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ORIENTED WORK TRIPS FROM PRIVATE AUTO TO RAPID BUS TRANSIT. THE BUS SCHEDULE WAS REVISED IN ORDER TO MAKE BUS SERVICE MORE ATTRACTIVE TO THOSE PERSONS WORKING OR NEAR THE CBD. THE NUMBER OF DAILY TRIPS WAS INCREASED FROM 17 TO 44 RAISING THE BUS REQUIRE- MENT FROM 2 TO 6 VEHICLES. AS A RESULT, MORNING INBOUND TRIPS MORE THAN DOUBLED AND AFTERNOON OUTBOUND TRIPS MORE THAN TRIPLED. THE EXPERIMENT CONFIRMED THE BELIEF THAT INCREASED BUS SERVICE IN HEAVILY-TRAVELLED URBAN CORRIDORS WILL RESULT IN A DIVERSION FROM AUTO USE IN PEAK TRAVEL HOURS. AN ON-BUS SURVEY COUNTED A TOTAL OF 1,062 PASSENGERS ON AUGUST 24, 1972, AS COMPARED WITH A TOTAL OF 557 PASSENGERS ON MARCH 25, 1972, FIVE MONTHS PRIOR TO PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION. A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF NEW TRIPS WERE ALSO GENERATED. DURING THE PROJECT THE PROPORTION OF PASSENGERS WHO USED THE BUS FROM 1 TO 3 DAYS/WEEK DECLINED FROM 18 TO 11%. AT THE SAME TIME, THE PROPORTION OF DAILY TRIPS IN- CREASED FROM 78 TO 86%. INCLUDED IN THE REPORT ARE A HIS- TORY OF ROUTE SERVICE, PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, EQUIPMENT RE- QUIREMENTS AND A FINAL PROJECT EVALUATION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - Commuting KW - Level of service KW - Neutral pressure KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Pore pressure KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223954 AU - Lukes, M AU - Shea, R AU - Chicago Transit Authority TI - MONITOR-CTA-FINAL REPORT PY - 1973/05 SP - 121 p. AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES A MONITORING SYSTEM WHICH WAS IMPLEMENTED TO TEST THE PRACTICABILITY OF CENTRALIZED AUTOMATIC SCHEDULE ADHERENCE CHECKING, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A CLENDESTINE ALARM ABOARD A TRANSIT VEHICLE AND THE POSSIBILITY THAT SUCH AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM WOULD ALLOW SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN RADIO CHANNEL UTILIZATION. THE EVALUATION WAS PERFORMED BY COLLECTING DATA PERTINENT TO THE SYSTEM'S PERFORMANCE (I.E. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY) IN SPECIALLY DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS. THE OPTIONAL ASPECT WAS EVALUATED BY COLLECTING DATA BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION. THE RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION INDICATE AN EXCELLENT POTENTIAL FOR INCREASED MANAGEMENT INFORMATION. ALTHOUGH THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WAS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY POOR RELIABILITY OF THE INITIAL EQUIPMENT ABOARD THE BUSES, IT WAS SHOWN THAT THIS SYSTEM CAN MAINTAIN SCHEDULE ADHERENCE AT LEAST AS WELL AS THE PRESENT METHODS, ACCURATELY LOCATE A VEHICLE IN AN EMERGENCY AND PROVIDE THE INFORMATION CAPACITY OF TWICE AS MANY CONVENTIONAL VOICE RADIO CHANNELS. FROM THESE RESULTS IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THIS SYSTEM IS A GOOD INVESTMENT. ACCEPTABLE RELIABILITY IN FUTURE EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE FACILITATED THROUGH THE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE TAKEN PLACE SINCE THE PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN. SIMULTANEOUS MODIFICATIONS IN SOFTWARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE WITH THIS PILOT INSTALLATION MAY PROMOTE EXPANDED USEFULNESS OF THE SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Communications KW - Emergency warning devices KW - Monitoring KW - Radio KW - Warning signs KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239563 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES: 5-COUNTY TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1973/05 SP - 28 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS DESIGNED FOR USE BY COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES WHO ARE CONCERNED WITH THE EVENTUAL RESULTS OF THE 5-COUNTY TRANSIT STUDY. IT PROVIDES A MEANS OF REVIEWING AREAWIDE AND LOCAL ISSUES AND STUDY OBJECTIVES EARLY IN THE WORK PROGRAM, AND FACILITATES SOLUTIONS TO POTENTIAL PROBLEMS BY BRINGING INTO DISCUSSION ISSUES DERIVED FROM A COMMON BASIS AS A SOURCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE STUDY'S MOVEMENT AND CONDUCT. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING CATAGORIES: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE; GENERAL PERSPECTIVE, WHICH DISCUSSES THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT-PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE: AREAWIDE ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES AND SUBAREA ISSUES AND OBJECTIVES FOR EACH OF THE FIVE COUNTIES IN WHICH BASIC PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ISSUES ARE IDENTIFIED FROM DISCUSSIONS WITH COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES AND REVIEWS OF LOCAL PLANNING REPORTS; AND BACKGROUND DATA ON THE ORIGIN, ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND SCOPE OF THE 5-COUNTY TRANSIT STUDY. ISSUES ARE DEFINED TO INCLUDE KNOWN POLICIES, IMPLIED PLICIES, EXISTING CONDITIONS PLANNING GOALS OR OBJECTIVES, AND CONCERNS. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - County government KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242791 AU - Aslaksen, T D AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - QUANTIFICATION OF COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS FOR BEHAVIORAL MODE-CHOICE MODELS PY - 1973/05 SP - 196 p. AB - ONE OF PRIME OBSTACLES TO DEVELOPMENT OF BEHAVIORAL MODELS OF MODE-CHOICE IS DEFINITION OF RELEVANT PARAMETERS FOR MODELS. RESEARCH HAS IDENTIFIED RELIABILITY, COMFORT, CONVENIENCE, TIME AND COST AS MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN CHOICE OF TRANSPORTATION MODES. TWO PROBLEMS MET WITH USE OF COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS: DEFINITION OF THESE QUALITATIVE VARIABLES IN QUANTITATIVE TERMS; AND WHETHER TO USE REAL, MEASURED VALUES OF THE VARIABLES, OR USERS' PERCEPTIONS OF VARIABLES IN THE BEHAVIORAL MODELS. IN THIS STUDY THE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS WERE DEFINED BY SETS OF MODAL ATTRIBUTES BASED ON PREVIOUS RESEARCH. A SELF-ADMINISTERED, MAIL-BACK QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DEVELOPED TO GATHER DATA TO TEST THE FACTOR DEFINITIONS IN A RECENTLY DEVELOPED BEHAVIORAL MODE-SPILT MODEL AND TO EXAMINE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRAVELER'S ATTITUDES TOWARD MODES, THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF MODAL ATTRIBUTES AND ACTUAL TRAVEL BEHAVIOR. ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIPS SHOWED THAT TRAVELERS WITH FAVORABLE ATTITUDES TOWARD A PARTICULAR MODE OF TRANSPORTATION WERE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE UNREALISTICALLY FAVORABLE PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THAT MODE THAN WERE THOSE WHO HAD UNFAVORABLE ATTITUDES TOWARD THE MODE; THUS INDICATING A NEED TO ACCOUNT FOR TRAVELER'S ATTITUDES IN MODELS ATTEMPTING TO SIMULATE ACTUAL MODE-CHOICE BEHAVIOR. THE USE OF THE DEFINITIONS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIORAL MODEL INDICATED THAT THE DEFINITIONS WERE ABLE TO QUANTIFY COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS FOR SUCH MODELS. THIS MEASUREMENT DEVICE TO RECORD ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS MAY BE A VALUABLE GUIDE FOR TRANSIT MARKETING EFFORTS. APPENDIX "A" CONTAINS THE QUESTIONNAIRE AND "B" AND "C" CONTAIN RAW DATA ANALYSIS PROGRAMS. TABLES, FIGURES, REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Passenger comfort KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Quantifying KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239561 AU - ADAMS, R C AU - Herlands, M S AU - Consortium of Universities TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION ASPECTS OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT: A CASE STUDY OF THE WASHINGTON AREA PY - 1973/05 SP - 62 p. AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENT- ING URBAN TRANSPORTATION CONTROLS IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1970. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH AN ANALYSIS OF THE AMOUNTS AND SOURCES OF SUCH NOXIOUS ELEMENTS AS NITROGEN OXIDE, PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDENTS, CARBON MONOXIDE. LEGAL METHODS OF ALLEVIATING THIS SITUATION ARE THEN DISCUSSED AND INCLUDE STATE AUTHORITY AND PRIVATE RIGHTS OF ACTION AND POSSIBLE LOCAL LEGISLATION WITH PARTICULAR APPLICATION TO THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE INTERJURISDICTION- AL NATURE OF THE PROBLEM IS POINTED OUT AND PREVIOUS ATTEMPTS TO REGULATE AIR POLLUTION ARE PRESENTED. THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1970 PLACES PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF REDUCING POLLUTION ON THE STATES, BUT IT RESERVES SUFFICIENT FEDERAL POWER TO INTERCEDE IF A STATE DOES NOT COMPLY BECAUSE THE PROBLEM HAS BECOME A NATIONAL CONCERN AND BECAUSE OF THE INEFFECTIVENESS OF THE 1967 AIR QUALITY ACT. FEDERAL JUSTIFICATIONS ARE INCLUDED AS ARE CERTAIN CASES WHICH HAVE BEEN TRIED BEFORE THE COURTS. POSSIBLE CONSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. THE SECOND PART OF THE STUDY IS, SPECIFICALLY, A CASE STUDY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WHICH INCLUDES A MANDATE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, HISTORY AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE AIR QUALITY ACT OF 1967, AND THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS INCLUDING GENERAL CONSIDERATION FOR A PARKING SURCHARGE WITH PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS TO MARYLAND, VIRGINIA AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND RESULTANT CONSTITUTIONAL OBJECTIONS. INCLUDED ALSO AS ARE QUOTES FROM THE CLEAN AIR ACT. KW - Air pollution KW - Clean Air Act KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Planning KW - Pollution KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091307 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Vuchic, V AU - Remak, R AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II. INTEGRATED EUROPEAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1973/05 VL - 1 SP - 322 p. AB - This is the second of a three volume report designed to assess the potential for interagency and intermodel integration of transit systems in U.S. urban areas, drawing on an analysis of the successful experience of European systems. This volume describes in detail four major European transit systems (London, Hamburg, Paris, and Munich); gives brief descriptions of six others (Newcastle upon Tyne, Edinburgh, Stockholm, Gotenburg, Copenhagen, and Oslo); and summarizes and appraises the applicability to U.S. transit systems of techniques which have contributed to the success of these European systems. KW - Commuter service KW - Coordination KW - Denmark KW - Europe KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - France KW - Germany KW - Government funding KW - Government policies KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interagency relations KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Loading and unloading KW - Management KW - Methodology KW - Norway KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Scotland KW - Sweden KW - Systems management KW - Transit companies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Unloading KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091306 AU - Krzyczkowski, R AU - Vuchic, V AU - Remak, R AU - Interplan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME 1. CONCEPTS STATUS, AND CRITERIA PY - 1973/05 VL - 1 SP - 145 p. AB - The institutional, operational and physical forms of transit integration and the intermodal and interagency approaches are defined and discussed. Current transit integration efforts are described. Standards for evaluating existing transit systems are developed from a concept of an ideal system and typical deficiencies of U.S. systems and their causes are described. These standards are then used to evaluate and compare transit systems of London, Hamburg, and Paris with those of three U.S. urban areas. Criteria are presented for selecting demonstration projects. Also considered are benefits and costs involved in improving public transit through integration and related measures. KW - Administration KW - Commuter service KW - Coordination KW - Europe KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - France KW - Germany KW - Government funding KW - Government policies KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interagency relations KW - Light rail transit KW - Management KW - Methodology KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Systems management KW - Transit companies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Upgrade KW - Upgrades (Roads) KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081298 AU - Wells, W R AU - Stanford University TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS: WHAT LEVEL OF SOPHISTICATION? PY - 1973/05 SP - 45 p. AB - This report describes a transportation information center which is designed to perform the following functions: (1) provide simple route and schedule information, (2) provide information on special transit offerings such as commuter specials, holiday specials, etc., (3) provide a public transit sightseeing trip planning service, and (4) refer calls to other transit district services such as a community representative. The system is to be telephone based staffed by multilingual operators and would be open twenty-four hours. Three different information retrieval systems are discussed. System A is a manual, hardcopy file system containing maps and schedules color coded for rapid use. System B utilizes a microfiche video display with the route and schedule information on slides. System C is an interactive computer system with video display and light pen interaction. Operators and phone lines required as well as the annual cost of each system are analyzed. The author concludes that the computer system would be much more costly than either of the other two systems and that the volume of information would not be so large that it could not be handled just as efficiently by a trained operator. KW - Commuting KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Information systems KW - Maps KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00051587 AU - Boeing Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DETAIL SPECIFICATION FOR STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR PY - 1973/05 SP - 208 p. AB - The report contains the detail specification for the State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC). This specification represents the SOAC configuration as delivered to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) for test and demonstration. The SOAC has been developed under UMTA's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems program which has the objective of enhancing the attractiveness of rapid rail transportation to the urban traveler by providing him with transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe and economical as possible. The SOAC is one phase of this program. (Modified author abstract) KW - Control devices KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric power transmission KW - Environmental engineering KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Technological innovations KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/14257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00050737 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ADDITIONAL COST OF PROVIDING MOBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ON THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1973/05 SP - 48 p. AB - The report presents an estimate of the cost of adding elevators and associated equipment to the Washington Metropolitan Rail Rapid Transit System as part of a planning and designing procedure which would meet the special needs of the elderly and the handicapped. The report covers the following specific areas of study: potential elderly and handicapped users, needs of the elderly and handicapped in rail rapid transit, the metro system and its accessibility to the elderly and the handicapped, cost of providing additional facilities, security and safety. A list of references is included. KW - Aged KW - Cost estimating KW - Elevators KW - Employees KW - Estimates KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201076 AU - Consortium of Universities TI - SUBSIDIZATION OF TRANSIT OPERATING COSTS: A CASE STUDY OF METRO PY - 1973/05 SP - 43 p. AB - AN ATTEMPT BY TRANSIT PROPERTIES TO FINANCIALLY SURVIVE HAS USUALLY RESULTED IN THEIR INCREASING FARE LEVELS FOLLOWED BY A SUBSEQUENT DECLINE IN PATRONAGE. THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE REASONS WHY PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TO URBAN TRANSIT PROPERTIES IS OFTEN VERY NECESSARY. A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IS MADE OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY'S (WMATA OR METRO) RAIL SYSTEM PRESENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION. BY DEFINING RAIL NET REVENUE AS GROSS RAIL REVENUE MINUS TOTAL RAIL COSTS (INCLUDING DEPRECIATION ALLOWANCES AND DEBT RETIREMENT), IT IS CALCULATED THAT A RAIL SYSTEM OPERATING DEFICIT OF OVER $5 MILLION IS LIKELY TO OCCUR IN 1990. WAYS TO RELIEVE DEFICITS ARE IDENTIFIED AS DEFICIT SUBSIDIES, INPUT (COST) SUBSIDIES OUTPUT SUBSIDIES AND FARE SUBSIDIES. A FORMULA IS DEVISED TO SEE HOW THE FINANCING OF SUCH A DEFICIT MIGHT BE ALLOCATED AMOUNT THE 3 MAJOR POLITICAL JURISDICTIONS IN THE AREA: THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND. THE PROPOSED FORMULA IS BASED ON SERVICE, RIDERSHIP AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH OF POLITICAL PROBLEMS AND JURISDICTIONAL CONFLICTS ARE ALLUDED TO BUT NOT DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. IN DISCUSSION OF TRANSIT FINANCING AND PRICING, ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC TRANSIT COSTS AMONG NON-USERS AS WELL AS USERS OF THE SERVICE IS DEBATED. THE AUTHOR SEES A STRONG ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF ELICITING RELATIVELY MORE SUPPORT FROM NON-USERS THAN IS PRESENTLY THE NORM. IN TERMS OF JUSTIFICATION FOR THIS IT IS NOTED THAT THE EXTERNAL ECONOMY IS STIMULATED BY MASS TRANSIT TO THE EXTENT THAT THERE IS INCREASED BUSINESS IN THE CENTRAL CITY AND MORE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY. KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Governments KW - Jurisdiction KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242790 AU - CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY AU - Chicago & Northwestern Railway TI - NORTHWEST PASSAGE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1973/05 SP - 69 p. AB - "NORTHWEST PASSAGE" WAS DESIGBED TO PROVIDE A CONVENIENT PEDESTRIAN INTERCHANGE BETWEEN A COMMUTER RAILROAD AND A RAPID TRANSIT LINE IN THE CHICAGO AREA. IT WAS THE FIRST TRANSIT PROJECT IN THE NATION COMBINING BOTH CAPITAL GRANT AND DEMONSTRATION GRANT PROGRAMS OF UMTA INTO A SINGLE COORDINATED PROJECT INVOLVING TWO TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES---CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY (CTA) AND CHICAGO AND NORTH WESTERN RAILROAD (C&NW)---AND THE CITY OF CHICAGO, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. A MODERN WEATHER-PROTECTED CONNECTING PASSAGEWAY BETWEEN C&NW'S SUBURBAN CONCOURSE IN THE MAIN PASSENGER TERMINAL AND THE MEZZANINE LEVEL OF THE CLINTON-LAKE STATION ON CTA'S LAKE-DAN RYAN RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE WAS CONSTRUCTED. THE CLINTON-LAKE TRANSIT STATION WAS REHABILITATED. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY WERE TO: (1) DETERMINE EFFECT OF RIDER USE OF PASSAGE ON C&NW, CTA'S RAPID TRANSIT LINE AND OTHER TRANSPORTATION MODES; (2) ASCERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF RIDERS GAINED OR LOST AND REASONS FOR USE OF EACH PARTICULAR MODE; (3) DETERMINE DESIRABILITY OF ADDITIONAL COORDINATION BETWEEN SERVICES IN OTHER INSTANCES; (4) TEST WHETHER CONNECTION WILL PROVIDE LINKAGE BETWEEN JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND RESIDENCE AREAS OF POTENTIAL EMPLOYEES; (5) DEVELOP GUIDELINES IN PREPARING COMPREHENSIVE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN AND MOST SPECIFICALLY IN CHICAGO, FOR APPLICATION TO CENTRAL TRANSIT STUDY. DISCUSSION OF ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER SURVEYS INCLUDES MARKET ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY, A.C. NIELSEN SURVEY RESULTS AND CTA PASSENGER SURVEYS. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IS ALSO DELINEATED. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pedestrians KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227367 AU - Popper, R J AU - Anderson, R B AU - Hoel, L A AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - SIMULATION OF A PASSENGER FLOW THROUGH A RAPID TRANSIT STATION PY - 1973/05 SP - p. 77 AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING THE FLOW OF PASSENGERS THROUGH A RAPID TRANSIT STATION. THE MODEL IS A KEY ELEMENT IN THE ATTEMPT TO DEVELOP A COMPLETELY RATIONAL APPROACH TO THE DESIGN OF TRANSPORTATION INTERFACE FACILITIES. THE MOVEMENT OF PEDESTRIANS IS DEPICTED AS SEQUENTIAL FLOWS OF PEOPLE ACROSS INDIVIDUAL STATION COMPONENTS. STOCHASTIC ELEMENTS OF THE MODEL DESIGN INCLUDE THE MAGNITUDE AND DISTRIBUTION OF OF PASSENGER DEMAND, AND THE MODAL SPLIT OF ARRIVALS. THE BASIC PROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR PASSENGER FLOW IS DETERMINISTIC. THE MODEL INCORPORATES THE USE OF EMPIRICALLY DERIVED FUNCTIONS OF PEDESTRIAN FLOW THROUGH SPECIFIC STATION COMPONENTS. THE MODEL IS DESIGNED TO SERVE AS AN AID TO THE STATION DESIGNER BY SIMULATING THE MOVEMENT OF PASSENGERS ON A DIGITAL COMPUTER. EXAMPLES ARE PROVIDED TO DEMONSTRATE THE PROGRAM'S FLEXIBILITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ACCESS MODE ANALYSIS, TRANSIT SCHEDULING, AND THE TESTING OF ALTERNATIVE STATION LAYOUTS. KW - Algorithms KW - Design KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mathematical models KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202233 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ADDITIONAL COST OF PROVIDING MOBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ON THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1973/05 SP - 52 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS AN ESTIMATE OF THE COST OF ADDING ELEVATORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT TO THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM AS PART OF A PLANNING AND DESIGNING PROCEDURE WHICH WOULD MEET THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED. MOST OF THE INITIAL DATA WAS SUPPLIED BY THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. THE COST ESTIMATES AND SUBSEQUENT FINDINGS, HOWEVER, WERE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. ALTHOUGH THE DEPARTMENT RECOGNIZES THE NEED TO PROVIDE GREATER MOBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN ALL PHASES OF MASS TRANSPORTATION, THIS PARTICULAR REPORT ADDRESSES ITSELF ONLY TO THE PROBLEMS RELATING TO RAIL RAPID TRANSIT. THE BROADER ISSUES OF PROVIDING MOBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN THE AREA BUS SYSTEMS, AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF OTHER PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES TO THE RAIL RAPID SYSTEM WILL BE DISCUSSED IN A SEPARATE STUDY BEING PREPARED BY THE METROPOLITAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS AND THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. THE REPORT COVERS THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC AREAS OF STUDY: POTENTIAL ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED USERS, NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT, THE METRO SYSTEM AND ITS ACCESSIBILITY TO THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED, COST OF PROVIDING ADDITIONAL FACILITIES, SECURITY AND SAFETY. A LIST OF REFERENCES IS INCLUDED. /NTIS/ KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242197 AU - PEAT MARWICK MITCHELL & CO TI - NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROGRAM, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM EVALUATION INDICATORS PY - 1973/05 SP - 163 p. AB - THE INTENT OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP A SET OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM EVALUATION INDICATORS FOR USE IN THE MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS. SINCE THE PLANNING PROCESS REFLECTS A GREAT VARIETY OF OBJECTIVES, AND SINCE MANY OF THESE OBJECTIVES ARE OFTEN IN CONFLICT, THERE MUST BE AN EVALUATION COMPONENT WHICH ENCOMPASSES TRADING OFF ATTAINMENT OF THESE OBJECTIVES, ONE AGAINST THE OTHER. THE REPORT DOES NOT DEAL WITH THE PROCESS PER SE, THAT IS WITH THE MECHANICS OF EVALUATION, BUT RATHER WITH THE IDENTIFICATION OF CERTAIN CRITERIA PUT INTO THE PLANNING PROCESS, ON THE MANY AND VARIED OBJECTIVES PERTINENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, AND ON THE AVAILABLE METHODS FOR ASSESSING ACHIEVEMENT OF THESE OBJECTIVES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. KW - Bibliographies KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242198 AU - Boeing Vertol Company TI - DETAIL SPECIFICATION FOR STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR PY - 1973/05 SP - 231 p. AB - THE STATE-OF-THE-ART (SOAC) CAR WAS DEVELOPED UNDER UMTA'S URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROGRAM IS TO ENHANCE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF RAPID RAIL TRANSPORTATION FOR THE URBAN TRAVELER BY PROVIDING HIM WITH TRANSIT VEHICLES WHICH ARE AS RELIABLE, ECONOMICAL, SAFE AND COMFORTABLE AS POSSIBLE. THE SOAC IS ONE PHASE OF THIS PROGRAM AND ITS PARTICULAR SPECIFICATIONS WITHIN THE STUDY INCLUDE DESIGN AND FABRICATION, DESIGN CRITERIA, AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS. SPECIFIC MATTERS UNDER STUDY IN REFERENCE TO THE ABOVE CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE: CAR BODY, COUPLER AND DRAFT EQUIPMENT, CAR BODY ITEMS, DOOR OPERATION, HEATING, COOLING AND VENTILATING SYSTEMS, AND VARIOUS ELECTRICAL AND POWER SYSTEMS INCLUDING SYSTEMS SUPPORT, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND TESTING METHODS. A GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS IS INCLUDED WITH A SET OF DRAWINGS. /UMTA/ KW - Design KW - Railroad cars KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242208 AU - Boeing Vertol Co TI - APPLICATIONS OF BART PROGRAM EXPERIENCE TO THE UMTA URBAN RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1973/04 SP - 46 p. AB - THIS REPORT REVIEWS ONE TASK ELEMENT OF THE UMTA URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM OBJECTIVE IS TO ENHANCE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSPORTATION TO THE URBAN TRAVELER BY PROVIDING EXISTING AND PROPOSED TRANSIT SYSTEMS WITH SERVICE THAT IS AS COMFORTABLE, RELIABLE, SAFE AND ECONOMICAL AS POSSIBLE. THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT (BART) SYSTEM PROTOTYPE CAR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM AND EARLY REVENUE SERVICE HAVE BEEN OBSERVED AND REVIEWED TO IDENTIFY POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR (SOAC) AND ADVANCED CONCEPT TRAIN (ACT) PROJECTS WITHIN THE URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE & SYSTEMS PROGRAM. SUCH IMPROVEMENTS WHICH WERE INCORPORATED IN SOAC DURING THE DESIGN PHASE INVOLVED THE WINDSHIELDS, SIDE WINDOW MATERIAL, BRAKES, PROPULSION MOTOR COOLING AND COUPLING, CONSOLE, EQUIPMENT TRAYS, ACCESSIBILITY AND NOISE SPECIFICATIONS. THESE AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS BASED ON BART EXPERIENCE WERE CONSIDERED DURING THE ACT STUDY AND PROPOSAL EFFORTS AND ARE REFLECTED IN THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE ACT-1 VEHICLES. IN ADDITION, THE ACT-2 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS INCLUDE AREAS OF INVESTIGATION SUGGESTED BY THE RESULTS OF THE BART PROGRAM. /UMTA/ KW - Comfort KW - Commuters KW - Design KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - State of the art studies KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239565 AU - Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission TI - SUBURBAN FACTBOOK 1973 PY - 1973/04 SP - 167 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS A COMPREHENSIVE SOURCE OF BOTH CENSUS AND NON-CENSUS DATA CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS. THE TABLES ARE ORGANIZED INTO THREE SECTIONS. THE FIRST IS DEVOTED TO COUNTIES AND TOWNSHIPS. DATA FOR MUNICIPALITIES AND UNINCORPORATED PLACES IS INCLUDED IN THE SECOND SECTION. THE LAST SECTION CONTAINS DATA ON TWO IMPORTANT TYPES OF SPECIAL PURPOSE GOVERNMENTS, SCHOOL DISTRICTS AND PARK DISTRICTS. THERE ARE THREE APPENDICES WHICH CONTAIN VALUABLE BACKGROUND INFORMATION. APPENDIX I PRESENTS EXTENSIVE NOTES AND DEFINITIONS IMPORTANT TO THE CORRECT INTERPRETATION AND USE OF EACH OF THE TABLES. APPENDIX II CONTAINS A LIST OF THE SOURCES FOR EACH OF THE TABLES (ALL SOURCE DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE DATA CENTER AT THE NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS PLANNING COMMISSION). APPENDIX III CONTAINS A DESCRIPTION OF OTHER DATA SERVICES AVAILABLE THROUGH THE NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS PLANNING COMMISSION. THE REPORT IS DESIGNED TO BE A USEFUL TOOL FOR MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING DECISION MAKING. VARIOUS MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. KW - Census KW - Data KW - Planning KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226496 AU - Scales, W AU - MITRE Corporation TI - URBAN FIELD TESTS OF FOUR ELECTRONIC VEHICLE LOCATION TECHNIQUES PY - 1973/04 SP - 56 p. AB - FOUR ELECTRONIC VEHICLE LOCATION TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN TESTED IN PHILADELPHIA. THE TESTS WERE PERFORMED IN ORDER TO MEASURE THE ACCURACY AND COVERAGE CAPABILITIES OF EACH TECHNIQUE UNDER REALISTIC CONDITIONS. THE TESTS INDICATE THAT MICROWAVE PROXIMITY TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED TO ACHIEVE ACCURACIES OF ABOUT 330 FEET WITH 95 PERCENT CONFIDENCE. THE MEASURED ACCURACIES OF LORAN C AND NARROWBAND PHASE MULTILATERATION ARE ON THE ORDER OF 1100 TO 2000 FEET WITH 95 PERCENT CONFIDENCE DEPENDING ON THE VEHICLE'S ENVIRONMENT. WIDEBAND PHASE MULTILATERATION, WHICH ACHIEVED ACCURACIES OF 2800 TO 5000 FEET, SHOWED NO SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGE OVER THE NARROWBAND PHASE TECHNIQUE. A GLOSSARY IS INCLUDED. KW - Management KW - Monitoring KW - Operations KW - Scheduling KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00243144 AU - Madigan, R J AU - Transportation System Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATUS REPORT URBAN-RAIL SUPPORTING-TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM: FISCAL YEAR 1972 YEAR END SUMMARY PY - 1973/04 AB - THIS REPORT OUTLINES ACTIVITIES MANAGED BY THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CENTER FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATIONS' RAIL PROGRAMS, IN SUPPORT OF ADVANCING URBAN RAIL TECHNOLOGY, THE EMPHASIS HAS BEEN IN THE AREA OF RAPID TRANSIT, HOWEVER, THE LONG-RANGE APPLICATIONS OF THE PROGRAM WILL BENEFIT BOTH COMMUTER RAIL AND LIGHT RAIL. EFFORTS TO MEET THE IMMEDIATE TESTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE PROGRAM HAVE BEEN UNDERWAY SINCE THE FIRST TEST SERIES IN APRIL, 1971. A LONG-RANGE EFFORT IS CONCENTRATED ON DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS, EFFICIENT OPERATING PROCEDURES, AND A MEASUREMENT, DATA-ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING CAPABILITY. A GENERAL VEHICLE TEST PLAN WAS PREPARED AND MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS DEFINED. THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION AND EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES DIRECTED TOWARD THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A BASIC MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY, IN SUPPORT OF THE EVOLVING PROGRAM PLAN, FOR THE TEST AND EVALUATION OF RAPID RAIL CARS, CAR SUBSYSTEMS, AND TRACK STRUCTURES. UNDER THE CATAGORY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT, SEVERAL PROJECTS ARE DESCRIBED INCLUDING A TUNNELING PLAN, NOISE ABATEMENT PROJECT, WHEEL/RAIL DYNAMICS RESEARCH FACILITY, AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIOUS CONTRACTOR REPORTS. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Development KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Operations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Testing KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242242 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - WASATCH FRONT REGIONAL TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1973/03 SP - 304 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO FIRST EVALUATE THE PRESENT LOCAL SERVICE PROVIDED IN PARTS OF BOX ELDER, WEBER, DAVIS, SALT LAKE AND TOOELE COUNTIES, UTAH, BY PRIVATE BUS COMPANIES AND TO DETERMINE THE ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING SERVICE INCLUDING THE POSSIBLE PUBLIC ACQUISITION OF THESE PRIVATE COMPANIES. SECOND IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SHORT-RANGE PROGRAM FOR IMPROVING TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE STUDY AREA AND INTEGRATION OF THE IMPROVED PROGRAM WITH THE OPERATIONS OF THE UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY (UTA). IN 1972 A PATRONAGE INCREASE OF NEARLY 10% OVER THE PREVIOUS YEAR WAS EXPERIENCED BY UTA AND IT IS INTENDED THAT ALL TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE REGION BE ON A LEVEL AT LEAST EQUAL WITH THAT PROVIDED BY UTA. THE SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM WHICH IS INCORPORATED INTO THIS REPORT INCLUDES ALL SURVEYS, INVENTORIES AND ANALYSES LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OVERALL TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH 1980. PRESENT TRANSIT SERVICE IS ANALYZED IN TERMS OF SUCH FACTORS AS ROUTE CHARACTERISTICS, FARES, EQUIPMENT, MANAGEMENT, MAINTENANCE AND FACILITIES, PATRONAGE AND USER CHARACTERISTICS, TRIP PURPOSE AND TRAVEL PATTERNS. TRANSIT SERVICE ALTERNATIVES ARE EXAMINED; RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PROPOSED; AND IMPLEMENTATION, ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ARE DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Facilities KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242194 AU - Herman, M S AU - Purdue University TI - A STUDY OF BUS TRANSIT PLANNING IN SMALL URBAN AREAS PY - 1973/03 SP - 246 p. AB - IN RECENT YEARS PRIVATE BUS TRANSIT COMPANIES IN SMALL URBAN AREAS HAVE BEEN DECLINING, WHICH HAS OFTEN FORCED PUBLIC TAKEOVER OF THE SYSTEM. IN ORDER FOR A CITY TO IMPROVE THE BUS SYSTEM AND OPERATE IT MORE EFFICIENTLY, IT IS NECESSARY TO OBTAIN DATA UPON WHICH TO BASE RECOMMENDED CHANGES. THE REPORT DISCUSSES PROCEDURES THAT CAN PROVIDE MUCH OF THE INFORMATION UPON WHICH LOCAL DECISIONS ARE MADE. IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING A BUS TRANSIT PLANNING PROCESS, THE REPORT PROVIDES ALTERNATIVES TO A CITY FOR CONDUCTING VARIOUS PHASES OF THE PLANNING PROCESS. THE INFORMATION FOR THESE GUIDELINES IS FROM CURRENT LITERATURE, BUS TRANSIT STUDIES AND DISCUSSIONS WITH PERSONS ACTIVE IN THE FIELD. THROUGHOUT THE REPORT, LOCAL DECISION-MAKING IS EMPHASIZED, AS IS THE NATURE OF THE REPORT AS ONLY A GUIDELINE. APPENDICES INCLUDE INFORMATION AND EXAMPLES OF A SMALL CITY GOING THROUGH THE PROCESSES OUTLINED IN THE BULK OF THE REPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Economics KW - Management KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242720 AU - Jones, D W AU - Stanford University TI - MUST WE TRAVEL? THE POTENTIAL OF COMMUNICATION AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR URBAN TRAVEL PY - 1973/03 SP - 83 p. AB - FUTURE SPECULATIONS ON ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS WHICH WOULD LINK THE HOME TO BANKING SERVICES, SCHOOLS, LIBRARIES, TELECONFERENCES, COMPANY FILES, AND RETAIL AND WHOLESALE SHOPPING HAVE GENERATED CONSIDERABLE THOUGHT TOWARD THE POSSIBILITY OF SUBSTITUTING COMMUNICATION FOR PHYSICAL TRAVEL. THIS REPORT ESTIMATES THE UPPER-BOUND LIMIT OF HOME-WORK, RUSH-HOUR TRAFFIC WHICH IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO COMMUNICATION SUBSTITUTION THROUGH THE USE OF HOME OR NEIGHBORHOOD INFORMATION UTILITIES. THE STUDY REPORTS THE PERCENTAGE OF HOME-TO-WORK TRAVEL WHICH COULD EITHER BE ELIMINATED THROUGH THE USE OF A CENTRALLY CONTROLLED COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK OR SHIFTED OUT OF THE RUSH-HOUR PERIOD BY THE PERFORMANCE OF PART OF THE WORK TASK FROM HOME. THIS STUDY ALSO EXAMINES THE DESTINATION, ROUTE, TIME, ORIGIN, AND DURATION OF HOME-WORK TRAVEL WHICH MIGHT BE SUBSTITUTED BY COMMUNICATIONS, WHICH INCLUDE THE USE OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TO CONVEY AUDIO, VISUAL, MOVING VIDEO OR DIGITAL MESSAGES WHICH COULD PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE TO FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION. OCCUPATIONS WERE CODED TO DETERMINE THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TRAVEL SUBSTITUTION ACCORDING TO A RANKING SYSTEM WHICH CLASSIFIED THEM BY INCREASINGLY GREATER CONCEPTUAL, MECHANICAL AND TRANSACTIONAL SKILLS RESULTING IN OCCUPATIONS WHICH WERE PRIMARILY WHITE-COLLAR WORK ROLES INVOLVING A HIGH DEGREE OF CONCEPTUAL AND TRANSACTIONAL WORK ACTIVITY AND THE ELIMINATION OF VIRTUALLY ALL ROUTINE CLERICAL AND BLUE-COLLAR WORK ROLES. OF GREAT VALUE TO THE STUDY WAS A SURVEY CONDUCTED IN 1965 ON BAY AREA TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS BY THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY COMMISSION (BATSC). RESULTS OF THE STUDY WERE FAVORABLE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Communication systems KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Substitutes KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226499 AU - Owen, C S AU - Vialet, J L AU - MITRE Corporation TI - TRANSIT TELEPHONE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1973/03 SP - 68 p. AB - THIS REPORT IS INTENDED AS A GUIDE FOR TRANSIT PROPERTIES CONSIDERING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION SERVICE, BUT IT WOULD ALSO BE OF USE TO TRANSIT AGENCIES THAT WISH TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXISTING TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH AN ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND DATA ON REPRESENTATIVE SYSTEM OPERATING COSTS. THERE ARE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SYSTEM INAUGURATION AND MAINTENANCE, A DISCUSSION OF THE OPERATION OF REGIONAL TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, AND OF THE ALTERNATE METHODS OF INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION BEING USED IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE USE OF TELEPHONE INFORMATION RETRIEVAL. /UMTA/ KW - Communication systems KW - Information systems KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200560 AU - Design & Production Inc. AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION CENTER, SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA OF WASHINGTON, D. C. PY - 1973/03 SP - 19 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT WAS TO DEVELOP AND TEST A PROTOTYPE PORTABLE INFORMATION CENTER TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION REGARDING BUS ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, AND TO FACILITATE THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION WHICH MIGHT LEAD TO CAR POOLING. A POOL CONDUCTED BEFORE AND AFTER THE CENTER WAS INSTALLED IN FIVE BUILDINGS IN SOUTHWEST WASHINGTON, D.C., REVEALED THAT ALTHOUGH PEOPLE WERE DRAWN FROM BUS TRAVEL, CAR POOL CONTACTS INCREASED, PROVIDING A NET DECREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CARS USED FOR COMMUTING TO THE AREA AMONG THE GROUP POLLED. THE REPORT NOTES SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SOUTHWEST AREA, PROVIDES PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CENTER AND CHARTS ON CENTER SPECIFICATIONS, AND GIVES RESULTS OF USER POLLS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Consumer behavior KW - Information dissemination KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00224533 AU - Liguoria AU - Kaplang AU - Haberc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1973/03 SP - 294 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND COST ESTIMATES OF ALL MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN X-BAND SIGNPOST VEHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM. IN PARTICULAR, IT DESCRIBES THE X-BAND SIGNPOST TRANSMITTERS THE VEHICLE X-BAND REVEIVERS, THE COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM BETWEEN THE VEHICLES AND THE CONTROL CENTER AS WELL AS THE CENTRAL PROCESSOR THAT DRIVES THE SYSTEM. IT ALSO DESCRIBES IN SOME DETAIL THE DEMONSTRATION TESTS CONDUCTED IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA THAT ESTABLISHED TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF THE X-BAND SIGNPOST SYSTEM. THE AVM COST FIGURES ARE PROVIDED ON A BUDGETARY BASIS FOR PLANNING PURPOSES ONLY AND ARE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS IMPLYING THAT RCA HAS AN AVM PRODUCT LINE OF THE TYPE DESCRIBED HEREIN. (A) KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Costs KW - Pretensioning KW - Radio receivers KW - Radio transmitters KW - Tracking KW - Tracking systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223952 AU - Rohr Industries TI - BART PROTOTYPE CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM-VOLUME 2, PROGRAM DETAILS PY - 1973/03 SP - 273 p. AB - THIS REPORT TRACES THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE PROGRAM THROUGH THE PLANNING PHASE, DESIGN PHASE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTOTYPE TEST PHASE. THE PROGRAM WAS ESTABLISHED TO ENHANCE THE ATTACTIVENESS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSPORTATION TO THE URBAN TRAVELER BY PROVIDING A COMFORTABLE, RELIABLE AND SAFE CAR INCORPORATING THE LATEST ENGINEERING CONCEPTS. THIS REPORT PROVIDES DESIGN JUSTIFICATIONS, TESTING HIGHLIGHTS, AND REASONS FOR MODIFICATIONS AND CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE PROTOTYPE TEST PROGRAM, SPONSORED BY THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION. THIS REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME 1, PROGRAM SYNOPSIS, PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE COMPLETE PROGRAM AND IS DIRECTED TOWARD FEDERAL, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RAIL TRANSIT MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL. VOLUME 2, PROGRAM DETAILS, PROVIDES THE DETAILED TECHNICAL MATERIAL FOR ENGINEERING PERSONNAL. /UMTA/ KW - Comfort KW - Commuters KW - Design KW - Planning KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112247 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223953 AU - Rohr Industries TI - BART PROTOTYPE CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM-VOLUME 1, PROGRAM SYNOPSIS PY - 1973/03 SP - 90 p. AB - THIS REPORT TRACES THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE PROGRAM THROUGH THE PLANNING PHASE, DESIGN PHASE, AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTOTYPE TEST PHASE. THE PROGRAM WAS ESTABLISHED TO ENHANCE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSPORTATION TO THE URBAN TRAVELER BY PROVIDING A COMFORTABLE, RELIABLE AND SAFE CAR INCORPORATING THE LATEST ENGINEERING CONCEPTS. THIS REPORT PROVIDES DESIGN JUSTIFICATIONS, TESTING HIGHLIGHTS, AND REASONS FOR MODIFICATIONS AND CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE PROTOTYPE TEST PROGRAM, SPONSORED BY THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION. THIS REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME 1, PROGRAM SYNOPSIS, PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE COMPLETE PROGRAM AND IS DIRECTED TOWARD FEDERAL, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND RAIL TRANSIT MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL. VOLUME 2, PROGRAM DETAILS, PROVIDES THE DETAILED TECHNICAL MATERIAL FOR ENGINEERING PERSONNEL. /UMTA/ KW - Comfort KW - Commuters KW - Design KW - Planning KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228295 AU - Liquori, A AU - Kaplan, G AU - Haber, C AU - Radio Corporation of America TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1973/03 SP - 287 p. AB - RESEARCH HAS BEEN CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP AND TEST ALTERNATIVE REAL-TIME AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) SYSTEMS. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND COST ESTIMATES FOR MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AN X-BAND SIGNPOST AVM DESIGNED BY RCA GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. IN THIS SYSTEM, SHORT-RANGE X-BAND TRANSMITTERS ARE INSTALLED IN SIGNPOSTS ALONG BUS ROUTES WHICH RELAY LOCATION INFORMATION TO PROPERLY EQUIPPED VEHICLES AS THEY PASS BY. CHECKS ON SIGNAL STRENGTH AND PARITY ARE PERFORMED BY THE VEHICLE RECEIVER UNIT TO ENSURE THAT ONLY RELIABLE MESSAGES BASED ON STRONG SIGNALS WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR STORAGE. A TWO-WAY RADIO IS THEN EMPLOYED BY THE OPERATIONS CONTROL CENTER TO INTERROGATE THE VEHICLES AND OBTAIN LOCATION INFORMATION. ELEMENTS OF THE PROPSOED AVM SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO USER REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATIONS (EG. POLICE EMERGENCY VEHICLES, BUSES, TAXICABS, TRUCKS, AND OTHER DISPATCH SERVICES); BASELINE SYSTEM CONFIGURATION (INCLUDING A SUMMARY OF THE X-BAND SIGNPOST LOCATION TECHNIQUE, COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, AND COMPUTER SYSTEM); VARIATIONS FROM BASELINE REQUIREMENTS; AND ADVANCED DESIGN OF SIGNPOST EQUIPMENT. ATTENTION IS ALSO GIVEN TO COST ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS SYSTEM COMPONENTS. RESULTS OF AN OPERATIONAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT EXPERIMENT ARE PRESENTED IN DETAIL. TESTS OF LOCATION ACCURACY, INTERFERENCE AND OTHER SYSTEM PARAMETERS ARE DISCUSSED. THE EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED IN A SPECIALLY-INSTRUMENTED SECTION OF DOWNTOWN PHILADELPHIA AS WELL AS SPECIAL AREAS IN PROXIMITY TO AIRPORT RADAR TRANSMITTERS, POWER GENERATORS, AND TALL BUILDINGS. HIGH SPEED TESTS WERE ALSO PERFORMED IN OPEN AREAS. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT THE X-BAND AVM PERFORMED SATISFACTORILY, WITH ACCEPTABLE AVERAGE LOCATION ERRORS. /UMTA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Communication KW - Location KW - Two way communication KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223941 AU - Dunton, W H AU - Norton, P R AU - Boeing Vertol Co D174 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION FOR URBAN RAIL CARS PY - 1973/03 SP - 187 p. AB - THIS DOCUMENT IS THE GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION TO BE USED AS THE STANDARD FORM FOR THE PREPARATION OF DETAIL PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND TEST OF SELF-PROPELLED URBAN RAIL CARS. GUIDELINES ARE PROVIDED FOR BOTH COMMUTER AND RAPID TRANSIT RAIL CARS. THIS SPECIFICATION ENCOURAGES THE USE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION BY ESTABLISHING MEASURABLE PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES RATHER THAN SPECIFYING EXISTING EQUIPMENT OR EQUIVALENT. THE SPECIFICATION COVERS ALL SUBSYSTEMS OF THE VEHICLE APPLICABLE TO THIS TYPE OF EQUIPMENT AS A CLASS AND NOT UNIQUE TO ONE DESIGN. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Construction KW - Construction specifications KW - Design standards KW - Guidelines KW - Performance KW - Procurement KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Specifications KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242186 AU - Medville, D AU - MITRE Corporation TI - A CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW OF DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1973/02 SP - 39 p. AB - DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION IS A FAMILY OF TRANSIT SERVICE CONCEPTS IN WHICH THE SCHEDULES AND THE ROUTING OF VEHICLES MAY BE ADJUSTED TO SERVE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF INDIVIDUAL CUSTOMERS. DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS CAN FULFILL A VARIETY OF TRANSPORTATION NEEDS--BOTH AS A SUPPLEMENT TO AND A SUBSTITUTE FOR EXISTING TRANSIT MODES. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE ROLE THAT DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT WILL HAVE IN THE FUTURE, VARIOUS ISSUES RELATED TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH A SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED IN LIGHT OF DATA OBTAINED FROM SYSTEMS THAT HAVE BEEN OR ARE IN OPERATION. THESE ISSUES INVOLVE SYSTEM DYNAMICS, POTENTIAL MARKET VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC VIABILITY, AND THE UTILITY OF COMPUTER CONTROL. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fares KW - Information processing KW - Market research KW - Ridership KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239697 AU - Dalton, Dalton, Little, Newport AU - Ate Management & Service Co, Inc TI - EAU CLAIRE TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1973/02 SP - 152 p. AB - THE PRIVATELY OWNED CITY TRANSIT BUS OPERATION IN EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN HAS BEEN, ACCORDING TO THE LEADERSHIP OF THE CITY OF EAU CLAIRE, EXCESSIVELY SUBSIDIZED BY THE CITY. THIS REPORT THEREFORE REPRESENTS A STUDY (A SEPARATE TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT IS ALSO PROVIDED) TO DETERMINE THE CONTINUED PROVISION OF URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE IN EAU CLAIRE. CONCLUSIONS ARE PROVIDED THROUGH WHICH AN IMPROVED YET MORE ECONOMICAL BUS SERVICE MIGHT BE PROVIDED. SPECIFIC MATTERS WHICH SHOULD BE INSTIGATED TOWARD THIS END INCLUDE SERVICE ADJUSTMENTS BASED ON PASSENGER USE; MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP WITH MANAGEMENT BY A PRIVATE FIRM; A CITY TRANSIT COMMISSION WHICH, UNDER PHASE I, WOULD BE GRADUALLY SUCCEEDED BY EXPANDED RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER PHASE II, A CITY TRANSIT/PARKING COMMISSION; THE CITY TRANSIT COMMISSION WOULD OWN ONLY THE TRANSIT VEHICLES, A BUS WASHER, A BUS CLEANER, AND RELATED SUPPORT EQUIPMENT; THE CITY OF EAU CLAIRE WOULD REPLACE THE EXISTING BUS FLEET WITH NINE NEW BUSES WITH THE BEST COMFORT FEATURES AVAILABLE; AND FINANCING THE STILL RISING OPERATING DEFICIT WOULD BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF LOCALLY ELECTED PUBLIC OFFICIALS. CHAPTER HEADINGS INCLUDE: DESCRIPTION OF EAU CLAIRE, THE CITY AND THE TRANSIT SYSTEM BASIC COST/REVENUE CONSIDERATIONS; SERVICE REVISION AND FUNDING ALTERNATIVES; OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, ORGANIZATION; RECOMMENDED TRANSIT PROGRAMS; MARKETING TRANSIT; AND TRANSIT ACTION PLAN. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED ALONG WITH VARIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS, CHARTS, EXHIBITS, AND MAPS. /UMTA/ KW - Dust filters KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242229 AU - Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission TI - CENTRAL OHIO TRANSIT AUTHORITY TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1973/02 SP - 64 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO SELECT THE BEST SET OF OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO THE CENTRAL OHIO TRANSIT AUTHORITY (COTA) IN ITS EFFORT TO IMPROVE, ACQUIRE, AND EXPAND THE PRESENT TRANSIT SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL OHIO AREA. THE DECISIONS OUTLINED IN THIS VOLUME REPRESENT COTA'S BEST JUDGMENT, BASED ON CAREFUL STUDY OF THE INFORMATION PRESENTLY AVAILABLE, DESIGNED TO BE FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO ACCOMODATE IMPROVEMENT AS EXPERIENCE AND THE CONTINUED GATHERING OF INFORMATION INDICATE. VARIOUS GOVERNMENTS AND CIVIC ORGANIZATIONS WORKED CLOSELY WITH COTA IN ACQUIRING THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS STUDY. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH A BACKGROUND OF THE HISTORY, PROBLEMS AND COMMUNITY BENEFITS OF THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY. POLICY GUIDELINES AND STATEMENTS ARE DISCUSSED ALONG WITH PLANNED IMPROVEMENT FOR THE FIVE YEAR PERIOD FROM 1973-1978. A FINANCIAL PLAN IS PRESENTED INCLUDING A REVENUE/COST ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ROUTES, A REVENUE/COST ANALYSIS OF NEW BUS SERVICES, OTHER EXPENDITURE ITEMS AND A CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. INCLUDED IN THE SECTION UNDER IMPLEMENTATION ARE MANAGEMENT, FARE REFORM, BUS REPLACEMENT PROGRAM, AND A MARKETING PROGRAM. VARIOUS CHARTS AND TABLES ARE INCLUDED ALONG WITH A MAP WHICH DETAILS THE FIVE YEAR PROGRAM AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223944 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION PROJECT PY - 1973/02 SP - 42 p. AB - THE REPORT GIVES A BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC RAILWAY SYSTEMS AND BACKGROUND ON THE NEED FOR DEVELOPING NEW RAIL CAR DESIGNS WHICH LED TO THE STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION PROJECT. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT WAS TO DESIGN A STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE THAT COULD BE USED BY MANY DIFFERENT CITIES, BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT A STANDARD DESIGN WOULD INCREASE THE MARKET FOR SUCH A VEHICLE AND LOWER ITS PRODUCTION COST. THE REPORT REVIEWS PROJECT ORGANIZATION, SELECTION OF A VEHICLE SIZE, POTENTIAL PURCHASERS, AND PREPARATION OF THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTRACT DOCUMENTS. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A STATEMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SPECIFICATION, AND WAYS IN WHICH THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Design standards KW - Electric railroads KW - Implementation KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095042 AU - Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission TI - TECHNICAL REPORT FOR COTA TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1973/02 SP - 95 p. AB - The purpose of the study of which this report is part is to evaluate and to set before the Central Ohio Transit Authority all meaningful short-term (five year) options to be used in its transit development program. While the primary purpose of this report is to recommend new transit service, it considers the many related services that are essential in achieving quality service and in developing strong consumer response. The first three chapters present a background on the existing service with a summary of recommendations. The present Columbus Transit Company routes are thoroughly evaluated with a revenue/cost analysis as a basis for suggesting adjustments to existing lines. Chapter four discusses new bus service in which twenty-nine new routes and extensions are studied and set according to priority. Chapter five points out ways to achieve faster transit service on existing streets and freeways and recommends a new concept--the reverse direction freeway bus lane. Chapter six reviews existing neighborhood service provided in the Model Cities area and in other areas by crosstown routes. COTA's relationship to the other two local private carriers is discussed in Chapter seven. Chapter eight outlines capital equipment needs including bus stop shelters, a radio system, information system and a centralized maintenance facility. Chapter nine recommends an evaluation to rapid transit beginning with fringe parking, through acquisition of space along rail right-of-way for busways, culminating in the development of a separate right-of-way new technology system. There is much documentation in the form of tables, maps of the system, and a bibliography. KW - Analysis KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Energy KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219013 AU - Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon AU - URS/Madigan-Praeger Incorporated TI - PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR FACILITIES PY - 1973/01/26 SP - 47 p. AB - THIS STUDY OUTLINES A PROPOSED PROGRAM WHICH WOULD CONVERT THE PRESENT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR FACILITYOPERATION OF THE TRI COUNTY METROPOLITAN DISTRICT IN OREGON INTO A COMPLETELY MODERN TRANSPORTATION FACILITY, PROVIDING THE BEST CONDITIONS FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS, WHILE MAKING MAXIMUM USE OF EXISTING SITES. THE STUDY SCOPE INCLUDES A REVIEW OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONS, ENVIRONMENT, AND FUTURE NEEDS AND GOALS; INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE ACTUAL CONDITION OF THE EXISTING FACILITY AND ITS ADAPTABILITY TO PRESENT-DAY STANDARDS; PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF PRELIMINARY DESIGN SCHEMES TO TRI-MET REVIEW COMMITTEE AND PERTINENT AGENCIES; PREPARATION OF A STAGED CONSTRUCTION PLAN CONSISTENT WITH TRI-MET'S OPERATIONS AND FISCAL GOALS; PREPARTAION OF COST ESTIMATES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING; PREPARATION OF A FINAL REPORT INCLUDING MATERIAL NECESSARY FOR A CAPITAL GRANT APPLICATION. STRUCTURALLY, THE BUILDINGS WERE FOUND TO BE IN FAIR CONDITION BUT GREAT DEFICIENCIES WERE FOUND IN TERMS OF LIGHTING, VENTILATION AND GENERAL LIVERABILITY. THERE WAS A GREAT DEAL OF WASTED SPACE, AWKWARD SPACE ARRANGEMENTS AND CIRCULATION OF PEOPLE CONTRIBUTING TO EMPLOYEE INEFFICIENCY, AND IT WAS FOUND THAT REQUIREMENTS WOULD INCLUDE ADDITIONAL EXIT DOORS, FIRE SAFE CORRIDORS, PARTITIONS MOVED, NEW FLOORS, LIGHTING, ROOM FINISHES, AND IMPROVED TOILET AREAS, IMPROVEMENTS WHICH WOULD EQUAL OR EXCEED THE COSTS OF NEW CONSTRUCTION. ARCHITECTUAL DRAWINGS ARE INCLUDED. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/106229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242168 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION: TECHNICAL REPORT NO 2 - FINAL REPORT PY - 1973/01 AB - THREE PROTOTYPE SYSTEMS WERE TESTED AND DEMONSTRATED DURING THE PROGRAM. THE FIRST SYSTEM USED SPECIAL - PURPOSE TIME-SHARED COMPUTERS THAT FURNISHED THE ARITHMETIC CAPABILITY FOR CALCULATING THE FARE AND THE NECESSARY LOGIC AND CONTROL CIRCUITRY FOR CONTROLLING THE GATES AND VENDING MACHINES. IF THIS KIND OF FARE COLLECTION PLAN WERE PROVIDED, THE NUMBER OF COMPUTERS PER BART STATION WOULD VARY FROM TWO TO EIGHTEEN, DEPENDING ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF GATES AND VENDING MACHINES IN THE STATION. THE SECOND SYSTEM, KNOWN AS THE COMMUTA-CODE SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED SO THAT ALL GATES, VENDORS, AND FARE MACHINES WERE SELF-CONTAINED INDEPENDENT UNITS. EACH MACHINE HAD ITS OWN ARITHMETIC CAPABILITY, LOGIC AND CONTROL CIRCUITRY. CONSEQUENTLY, NO INTRASTATION COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SYSTEM COMPONENTS WAS NEEDED. IN THE LAST SYSTEM THE FARE COLLECTION AND PASSENGER GATE CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR ALL STATIONS WERE PROCESSED ON A REAL-TIME BASIS BY A CENTRALLY LOCATED GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER. THE COMPUTER CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED GATES AND VENDING MACHINES VIA TELEPHONE LINES, AND CONSEQUENTLY WAS ALWAYS AVAILABLE FOR PROCESSING TICKET INFORMATION AND DICTATING PASSENGER GATE CONTROL FUNCTIONS AS THE NEED AROSE. UMTA/ KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Digital computers KW - Fare collection KW - Fare gates KW - Fares KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Tickets KW - Vending equipment KW - Vending machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242234 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts TI - ROCHESTER TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT STUDY PY - 1973/01 SP - 193 p. AB - THIS IS A SHORT-TERM TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT STUDY OF THE ROCHESTER TRANSIT SYSTEM DIRECTED TOWARD THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: 1) TO MAKE TRANSIT OPERATIONS MORE EFFICIENT BY RECOMMENDING BETTER ROUTES, SCHEDULES, METHODS OF OPERATIONS AND FARE STRUCTURES, 2) TO DETERMINE THE FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF EXTENDING SERVICE TO AREAS NOT PRESENTLY SERVED, 3) TO MATERIALLY AID BUS OPERATIONS BY DETECTING DEFICIENCIES IN THE STREET SYSTEM, 4) TO IDENTIFY AND JUSTIFY CAPITAL FACILITIES NEEDS, 5) TO DEVELOP AN OPERATIONS PLAN WHICH WOULD COORDINATE BUS SERVICE WITH TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS RECOMMENDED IN OTHER STUDIES COVERING EXPRESS BUS SERVICE AND A DOWNTOWN BUS TERMINAL. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TEN SECTIONS: INTRODUCTION, A HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE REGIONAL TRANSIT SYSTEM, A STUDY APPROACH, ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, QUALITY OF SERVICE, MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES, STREET TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENTS, ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS, CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, AND A SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS. APPENDICES ARE INCLUDED IN A SEPARATE VOLUME. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242235 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts TI - ROCHESTER TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT STUDY APPENDICES PY - 1973/01 AB - THIS REPORT CONTAINS THE APPENDICES TO THE FINAL REPORT OF THE ROCHESTER TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT STUDY, WHICH EXAMINES CURRENT TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN ROCHESTER, NEW YORK AND MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS. INCLUDED IN THE APPENDICES ARE: 1) A BUS USER SURVEY AND ITS EXPANSION AND PROCESSING METHODOLOGY, 2) A SUMMARY OF THE TRANSIT USERS' CHARACTERISTICS, 3) AN EXPLANATION OF THE CODING PROCEDURES, 4) THE CODING MANUAL OF THE ON-BOARD BUS SURVEY, 5) NETWORK CODING ASSUMPTIONS, 6) ROUTE CHANGES CODED INTO SHORT-TERM IMPROVEMENT NETWORKS, 7) A 1971 IMPROVED SYSTEM PATRONAGE FORECAST, 8) A COMPARISON OF THE 1970 ON-BOARD TRANSIT SURVEY RESULTS OF A COMPUTER SIMULATION, AND 9) COMMENTS BY RESPONDANTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Information processing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242224 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - SYRACUSE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT STUDY PY - 1973/01 SP - 257 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS INVESTIGATIONS, DATA AND FINDINGS CONCERNING TRANSIT DEFICIENCIES IN SYRACUSE, NEW YORK, PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD TRANSIT, AND SOLUTIONS STRUCTURED IN A FIVE-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PRINCIPAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOUND IN THE STUDY INCLUDE A NEW ROUTING PATTERN, ADJUSTED SCHEDULES, A NEW FARE STRUCTURE, PURCHASE OF VARIOUS NEW EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION OF SEVERAL NEW STRUCTURES AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSIT INFORMATION PROGRAM. THE INTRODUCTION INCLUDES A JUSTIFICATION, A PURPOSE AND AN OUTLINE OF THE BASIC PROBLEMS. EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IS THEN ANALYZED. VARIOUS SURVEYS ARE THEN OUTLINED AND CHARACTERIZED ACCORDING TO RIDERSHIP PROFILES, TRAVEL PATTERNS, OPINION SURVEYS, NON-RIDER SURVEYS, AND RELATED TOPICS. THE NEXT SECTIONS DEALS WITH PLANNING CHARACTERISTICS AND PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION, LAND USE AND TRAVEL. THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL NEW YORK CENTRO, FORMALLY THE SYRACUSE TRANSIT CORPORATION, IS THEN DISCUSSED AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED INCLUDING ROUTE CHANGES, SCHEDULE CHANGES, EQUIPMENT NEEDS, FAREBOX COLLECTION, SHELTERS, FIVE-YEAR PLAN, AND LONG TERM TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN. A CONTRACT AND SPECIAL BUS SERVICE IS CONSIDERED AS ARE OPERATING FORECASTS AND CAPITAL COSTS. THE APPENDIX INCLUDES BACKGROUND LEGISLATION, A LABOR AGREEMENT, PASSENGER TARIFFS, AND AN ACTION PLAN. VARIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABULATIONS ARE INCLUDED WITHIN THE REPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Public opinion KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00097467 AU - WILSON, E AU - Hultquist, J AU - Peterson, S AU - Kendall, K AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - A PROMOTIONAL STUDY FOR PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE AND RIDERSHIP BY NON-CAPTIVE, MIDDLE-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS PY - 1973/01 SP - 57 p. AB - This study involves an investigation of the information currently available and of the means and effects of supplying transportation information to middle-income households. The main objectives of the study were: (1) to determine the level of knowledge the public presently has about the city's transit systems; (2) to determine what effect a change in the level of knowledge would have on daily ridership; (3) to induce people to ride the city bus system through different promotional materials; and (4) to measure the effectiveness of the promotional materials used in the study. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, an urban region with approximately 125,000 inhabitants, was the study area. The purpose of the study was to determine how the limited resources of smaller cities and towns might be effectively applied to transit promotion. Pre- and post-treatment of transit related knowledge, combined with monitoring of patronage to and from the sampling area, were employed. General characteristics of two respondent groups as obtained from home interviews were presented. Among the conclusions are that the majority of trips from middle-income areas are made without regard to potentialities of existing transit systems and that informational levels regarding existing systems can be improved through relatively inexpensive promotional materials. References are furnished. The appendix contains the study questionnaire. KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Income KW - Information dissemination KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Knowledge KW - Ridership KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/34814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00098516 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - NORWALK BUS TRANSPORTATION STUDY SN - IT-09-0014 PY - 1973/01 SP - 110 p. AB - This report seeks to review the existing bus system of Norwalk, Connecticut and how it evolved, and then to offer a series of four alternative courses of action that will provide adequate levels of transit service to Norwalk citizens. Structured so that they can be phased in sequence, these alternatives can be presented separately in such a way that combinations of features can be made to form new alternatives which may be more responsive to local inputs. The four alternatives proposed are: (1) preserve existing bus service; (2) Traditional transit improvements; (3) Norwalk local system (This would eliminate intercity service by local bus transit to enable concentration of resources in Norwalk and in other neighboring cities with local bus systems. The intercity traveler would use the railroad or anticipate new service by an intercity bus carrier.); (4) New concept approach for comprehensive transit improvement. (Two types of service would be structured to complement one another; the bus subsystem is point to point; major traffic generators would be connected along a corridor. The taxi element of the system is continuous point to point service for trips originating and terminating in neighborhoods beyond the scope of the spine bus route. Chapters include the 5 year transit development program, existing transit system, bus passenger survey, recommendations, findings and implementation. KW - Bus transportation KW - Intercity transportation KW - Local traffic KW - Local transportation KW - Substitutes KW - Subsystems KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/37683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203675 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated TI - SUMMARY REPORT OF ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF PHASE II PY - 1973/01 SP - 35 && AB - THIS REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED UNDER THE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (TDC) PROJECT, "VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS" AND IS ONE OF MANY SUCH REPORTS LEADING TO THE FINAL PRODUCT -- A "SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK." THE REPORT DESCRIBES THE VARIOUS TASK ASSIGNMENTS THAT WERE UNDERTAKEN BY ALL PARTICIPATING CONTRACTORS DURING THE SECOND YEAR OF THE PROJECT. IT INCLUDES HIGHLIGHTS OF THESE ACTIVITIES, AND IDENTIFIES THE MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS. A LIST OF THE PROJECT TECHNICAL REPORTS PREPARED DURING THE YEAR IS INCLUDED. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Environmental engineering KW - Flow KW - Rapid transit KW - Simulation KW - Subways KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/98859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00080425 AU - Harris, G L AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AERODYNAMIC NEAR FIELD OF A SUBWAY TRAIN IN SMOOTH AND ROUGH TUNNELS PY - 1973/01 SP - 34 p. AB - The report has been prepared under Transit Development Corporation project, 'Ventilation and Environmental Control in Subway Rapid Transit Systems,' and is one of many such reports leading to the final product--a subway environmental design handbook. A theoretical model for the near field aerodynamics of a subway train in smooth and ribbed tunnels has been developed. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental data measured in a number of different facilities over a wide range of experimental conditions. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air resistance KW - Drag KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental quality KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Subways KW - Theory KW - Train resistance KW - Transit development corporation KW - Tube vehicles KW - Tunnel environment KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00091358 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Norwalk Community Development Action Plan TI - NORWALK BUS TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1973/01 SP - 113 p. AB - The report reviews the existing bus system of Norwalk, Connecticut, and how it evolved, and offers alternative courses of action that will provide adequate levels of transit service to Norwalk citizens. Structured so that they can be phased in sequence, four alternatives are presented separately in such a way that combinations of features can be made to form new alternatives which may be more responsive to local inputs. The four alternatives proposed are: Preservation of existing bus service; traditional transit improvements; a local system that would eliminate intercity service by local bus transit to enable concentration of resources in Norwalk and in other neighboring cities with local bus systems; and a new concept approach for comprehensive transit improvement, involving two types of service structured to complement one another. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Compatibility KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Connecticut KW - Costs KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Level of service KW - Planning KW - Recommendations KW - Reliability KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/24150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242209 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated TI - THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TRANSIT VEHICLE RESISTOR GRIDS PY - 1973/01 SP - 56 p. AB - THIS MILESTONE REPORT HAS BEEN PREPARED UNDER THE INSTITUTE FOR RAPID TRANSIT (IRT) PROJECT, "VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENT CONTROL IN SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS," AND IS ONE OF THE MANY SUCH REPORTS LEADING TO THE FINAL PRODUCT -- A "SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK." THIS MILESTONE REPORT DESCRIBES A MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND A CORRESPONDING COMPUTER SUBROUTINE WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TRANSIT VEHICLE ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION RESISTOR GRIDS. THIS SUBROUTINE IS PART OF THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION (SES) COMPUTER PROGRAM AND COMPUTES THE INSTANTANEOUS HEAT REJECTION RATE FROM TRANSIT VEHICLE RESISTOR GRIDS. THE MATHEMATIZATION COMPRISES A "LUMPED THERMAL MODEL" TO CHARACTERIZE A RESISTOR GRID AND A NUMERICAL INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE TO SOLVE THE GOVERNING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION. FIELD TEST DATA WERE USED TO CALIBRATE AND VALIDATE THE THERMAL MODEL. /UMTA/ KW - Environmental engineering KW - Heat transfer KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Simulation KW - Subways KW - Thermal properties KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240164 AU - Green, P E AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - MULTIVARIATE PROCEDURES IN THE STUDY OF ATTITUDES AND STATUS IMPRESSIONS PY - 1973/01 AB - THIS STUDY DESCRIBES SEVERAL APPROACHES INCLUDING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCALING, CONJOINT MEASUREMENT, AND VARIOUS MULTIVARIATE TESTING PROCEDURES IN ORDER TO MEASURE ATTITUDES TOWARD VARIOUS MODES OF INTRA-CITY TRANSPORTATION. IN PARTICULAR, THE RESEARCH IS CONCERNED WITH RACE AND SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION AND EVALUATION OF TRANSPORTATION MODES. GIVEN THE SMALL SAMPLE SIZE, THE STUDY SHOULD BE VIEWED MORE AS A DEMONSTRATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF MULTIVARIATE PROCEDURES THAN AS A SUBSTANTIVE RESEARCH PROJECT. WITH THIS IN MIND, IT WAS NOTED THAT PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD TRANSPORTATION MODES DID NOT DIFFER APPRECIABLY BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES LIVING THE SAME SAME GENERAL AREA (IN THIS CASE, WEST PHILADELPHIA). THERE WERE SOME BUT NOT GREAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALES AND FEMALES. THE MAIN CONCLUSION OF THE PAPER IS THAT MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES PROVIDE EFFICIENT WAYS OF SUMMARIZING AND PORTRAYING MULTIPLE RESPONSE DATA IN THE SUBSTANTIVE FIELD OF TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION. KW - Attitudes KW - Central business districts KW - Cities KW - Innercity KW - Race KW - Simulation KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00209760 AU - Ehrenthal, F AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PASSENGER SHELTERS: BASIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES PY - 1973/01 SP - 108 p. AB - THIS REPORT ANALYZES THE PROBLEM OF PASSENGER SHELTER DESIGN WITH THE OBJECT OF MAXIMIZING USER COMFORT, SAFETY, AND CONVENIENCE WHILE CONSIDERING THE CONSTRAINTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FIT (SIZE OF SHELTER, LOCATION, AND AESTHETICS) AND COST (INITIAL INVESTMENT, OPERATING MAINTAINANCE, AND REPLACEMENT). THIS ANALYSIS IS USED TO DEVELOP A LIST OF DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SHELTERS AND A PROTOTYPE SHELTER. RECOMMENDED ELEMENTS OF DESIGN INCLUDE MINIMUM SIZE SPECIFICATIONS, COST SPECIFICATIONS, SAFETY SPECIFICATIONS, STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS FOR CLIMATE DIFFERENCES, AND PROVISIONS FOR THE HANDICAPPED. INFORMATION IS PRESENTED ON OTHER PROBLEMS CONFRONTING THE SHELTER DESIGNER AND AN APPENDIX ON CITIES SURVEYED FOR TRANSIT SHELTER INFORMATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1970 IS INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aesthetics KW - Comfort KW - Convenience KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental impacts KW - Location KW - Passengers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Safety KW - Shelters KW - Size UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01074323 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Extension of the Long Island Rail Road to east mid-town Manhattan : environmental impact statement PY - 1973///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/833717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070775 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Chicago central area transit project, Draft environmental impact analysis, prepared by American Bechtel, Inc. B1; Comments and responses B2; Before and after impact assessment study : environmental impact statement PY - 1973///Volumes held: Background documents3 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070608 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Northwest report, Boston Transportation Planning Review, Red Line extension, Harvard Square : environmental impact statement PY - 1973///Volumes held: Draft(fol) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829993 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240292 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Kinstlinger, Jack AU - Keefer, Louis E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN STATE PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 71-89 AB - THE PAPER PRESENTS THE VIEWS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ON CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, LOCATION AND DESIGN. PAST AND CURRENT EFFORTS ARE RECOUNTED AND RECOMMENDEATIONS ARE MADE FOR EXTENDING AND PERFECTING THOSE EFFORTS. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IS VIEWED NOT SIMPLY AS A MEANS TO CLEAR THE WAY TO PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION BUT AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVING MORE EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST. THE FUNCTIONS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ARE DEFINED AND THE NEEDS IT SATISFIES ARE CLASSIFIED. GROUPS OR COMMUNITIES ARE CATEGORIZED ACCORDING TO THE FUNCTIONS THEY PERFORM. IF THEIR NEEDS ARE TO BE SATISFIED, A WIDE RANGE OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS MUST BE EVALUATED CORRESPONDING TO THE INTERESTS OF THESE VARIOUS GROUPS. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS THAT MUST BE EVALUATED ARE LISTED. THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL NATURE OF CITIZEN ADVISORY COMMITTEES ARE REVIEWED WITH RESPECT TO SMALL URBAN AREAS. ALTHOUGH CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN REGIONAL SYSTEMS PLANNING IS SOMETIMES APPARENT, MOST GROUPS ARE NOT ORGANIZED ON A REGIONAL LEVEL. SYSTEMS PLANNING IN URBAN AREAS OF PENNSYLVANIA INVOLVES SUBAREA PLANNING ACTIVITIES WHICH EVALUATE NEEDS, AND IMPACTS OF PROPOSED ACTIONS. INFORMAL PREHEARING CITIZEN MEETINGS ARE DESCRIBED WHICH HAVE BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF PAST EXPERIENCES IN LARGE AND SMALL URBAN AREAS. MORE EFFORT IS REQUIRED OF DISTRICTS IN WORKING MORE CLOSELY WITH CITIZENS AT THE SYSTEMS PLANNING LEVEL. THIS WILL ENABLE PROJECTS TO BE VIEWED AS PART OF AN AREA-WIDE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT. CURRENT RESEARCH IN THIS AREA IS OUTLINED AND AREAS FOR FUTURE STUDY ARE INDICATED. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impacts KW - Public participation KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132593 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240294 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Bradley, Panke AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND THE CITIZEN'S VIEWPOINT PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 96-102 AB - A COALITION OF NEIGHBORHOOD GROUPS AND INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS ARE INCREASINGLY ADVANCING THE GOAL OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE BY PRESERVING AND UPGRADING NEIGHBORHOODS. CITIZENS BELIEVE THIS GOAL IS AS IMPORTANT A PLANNING PARAMETER AS IS THE GOAL OF FACILITATING REGIONAL GROWTH THROUGH SERVING THE NEEDS OF THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. TWO STRONG INTEREST GROUPS IN THE CITY ARE IDENTIFIED AS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE WHICH IS BUSINESS-ORIENTED AND THE GROUP THAT IS RESIDENTIAL-ORIENTED. SITUATIONS IN WHICH CITIZEN GROUPS HAVE SUCCESSFULLY VOICED THEIR OPINION ARE RECORDED. A CASE IS DESCRIBED WHERE AN ORGANIZED AND ARTICULATE COMMUNITY GROUP OBTAINED COURT INJUNCTION AGAINST FURTHER LAND ACQUISITION. THE LOCUS OF PLANNING THE GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION IS IDENTIFIED AND THE CREATION OF THE METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY AND THE ATLANTA REGIONAL COMMISSION IS OUTLINED. A FRAGMENTED BUT WIDESPREAD CITIZEN GROUP CALLED THE ATLANTA COALITION ON THE TRANSPORTATION CRISIS WAS CREATED PARTLY TO OPPOSE TOLL ROAD LEGISLATION, AND TO RAISE THE QUESTION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND CITIZENS' PARTICIPATION TO THE LEVEL OF POLITICAL DEBATE. THE CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF THE ORGANIZATION ARE DESCRIBED AND THEIR ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE REVIEWED. THE OBSERVATION IS MADE THAT THE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT HAS DEMONSTRATED RIGIDITY AND INFLEXIBILITY IN REEXAMINING OR UPDATED OLD PLANS. WAYS OF IMPROVING THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS ARE SUGGESTED. IMPACT STUDY PROCEDURES SHOULD EXPAND TO INCLUDE TOTAL COMMUNITY IMPACT AND AMELIORATED PROCEDURES. IMPACT STUDIES SHOULD BE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE REGIONAL COMMISSION RATHER THAN THE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT. COMMUNITY IMPACT WORK, THE BUDGET AND DECISION-MAKING ARE SOME ASPECTS INFORMALLY DISCUSSED FOLLOWING THIS PAPER. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Central business districts KW - Decision making KW - Impact studies KW - Legal action KW - Organizations KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - Residential areas KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132595 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240296 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Wofford, John G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN BALANCED TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 107-115 AB - THE SCOPE, THE METHOD AND OJECTIVE OF THE BOSTON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REVIEW (BTPR) ARE OUTLINED. THE REVIEW GAVE PRIORITY TO THE INTEGRATION OF EXPRESSWAY PLANNING WITH PLANNING FOR ARTERIAL AND LOCAL STREETS, PARKING AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION; THE INTEGRATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ITSELF WITH PLANNING FOR HOUSING, NEIGHBORHOOD AMENITY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; AND THE MAXIMUM PARTICIPATION BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE PUBLIC IN THE PLANNING PROCESS. THE PROCESS WAS AN OPEN ONE AND AN INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM OF CONSULTANTS WERE ASSEMBLED TO DEVELOP AND COMPARE WIDELY DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVES. THE STUDY PRODUCED AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVES FROM DIFFERENT VALUE PERSPECTIVES. THE ANALYSIS WAS SUBJECTED TO CRITICAL REVIEW BY PUBLIC AGENCIES AND PRIVATE GROUPS AND AT THE END OF A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME ELECTRED PUBLIC OFFICIALS MADE DECISIONS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS AND THE RESPONSE. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE STUDY FRAMEWORK. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY IS DEFINED AND THE SELECTION OF THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONSULTANT TEAM IS DESCRIBED. A SIMIPLIFIED ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE WAS ESTABLISHED TO EXPEDITE PROJECT APPROVALS. COMMUNITY LIAISON AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE WAS PROVIDED BY A SPECIAL STAFF. IN FORMATION WAS RELEASED WITHOUT CLEARANCE PROCEDURES. THE WORKING COMMITTEE, THE VARIETY AND TYPE OF MEETINGS, PROGRAM PACKAGE CHOICES, CRITERIA, VALUES AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS ARE OTHER ASPECTS DISCUSSED. THE PRE-REVEIW OF DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS PROVED TO BE THE TEST OF THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE STUDY ARE PRESENTED. FEDERAL LAW WAS CONSIDERED IN DEALING WITH CONTROVERSY. THE OBJECTIVE OF DEALING OPENLY WITH CONTROVERSY AND DEVELOPING WIDELY DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVES WAS NOT AN EASY TASK. ALL INTEREST GROUPS DESIRED MORE THAN COULD BE PRODUCED WITH THE LIMITED RESOURCES. THE IMPACT OF STAFF PERSONALITIES ON PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTICIPANTS IS SIGNIFICANT. THE NEED FOR TECHNICALLY TRAINING PERSONS FOR CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS IS EMPHASIZED. LESSONS LEARNED IN THE STUDY ARE INVALUABLE. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Decision making KW - Education KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Expressways KW - Housings KW - Local government KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Parking KW - Public participation KW - Streets KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132597 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240288 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - 142 p. AB - REPORTED HERE ARE TOPICS PRESENTED AT A CONFERENCE HELD TO DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS. SPECIFIC PLANNING AND POLICY QUESTIONS ENCOUNTERED BY TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES IN ATTEMPTS TO ACHIEVE GREATER CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT ARE ADDRESSED. THE MEETING, WHICH WAS LIMITED TO PERSONS WITH PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE IN THE PROBLEMS OF CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT, INCLUDED THE VIEWPOINTS OF 4 GROUPS, NAMELY, THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS AND CONSULTANTS, THE CITIZENS, THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPECIALISTS, AND LOCAL OFFICALS AND ADMINISTRATORS RESPONSIBLE FOR DECISION-MAKING. THE CONFERENCE WHICH WAS DESIGNED TO GENERATE OPEN DISCUSSION AND IDEAS, IS CONSIDERED TO BE USEFUL IN HELPING TO ARTICULATE THE ROLE OF LOCAL AND REGIONAL PLANNING BODIES. PAPERS CONCERNING THE BOSTON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REVIEW ARE PRESENTED, AS ARE ALSO, THE CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ISSUES COVERED BY FIVE WORKSHOPS. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE CONFERENCE ARE OUTLINED AND COVER SUCH ASPECTS AS A DEFINITION OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND ITS DESIRABLE CONSEQUENCES, ITS EFFECTIVENESS, AND ITS MANNER OF ACHIEVEMENT. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE WORKSHOP REPORTS ON OVERVIEW ISSUES AND SITUATIONAL ISSUES. THE PAPERS PRESENTED COVER SUCH ASPECTS OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AS TECHNIQUES AND POLITICS, REGIONAL PLANNING, MINORITY VIEWPOINTS, OFFICIAL VIEWPOINT, THE URBAN STATE, THE RURAL STATE, BALANCED PLANNING, PLANNING METHODOLOGY, SYSTEM MANAGEMENT, ECOLOGICAL PLANNING, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND COMMUNITY LIAISON. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Ecology KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132589 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00239669 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Webber, Melvin M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ON THE TECHNICS AND THE POLITICS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 43-51 AB - THREE APPROACHES ARE EXAMINED WHICH HAVE BEEN USED IN RECENT TIMES TO EFFECT SOCIAL BETTERMENT. THE APPLICATION OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND ENGINEERING TO SOCIAL SCIENCE IS DISCUSSED. THE MARKET TYPE OF ARRANGEMENTS IS DESCRIBED WHICH SEEKS TO MINIMIZE THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL DECISION-MAKERS AND DISPERSE DECISION-MAKING AMONG INDIVIDUALS WHO CONSTITUTE SOCIETY. THE GROWTH OF THE MODE OF SOCIAL PROTEST IS REVIEWED FROM ITS INCEPTION IN THE 60'S TO ITS LEGITIMIZATION AS AN INSTITUTIONALIZED POLITICAL PROCESS FOR CITIZENS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMALGAMATED STYLE IN WHICH CITIZEN PARTICIPATION WILL CONTRIBUTE TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DESIGN IS EXAMINED. THE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED BY THE METHOD OF PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC SERVICES, THE INTERACTION OF URBAN SYSTEMS INCLUDING SERVICE SYSTEMS, AND THE BOUNDARIES OF EACH AGENCY'S RESPONSIBILITIES ARE SOME ASPECTS DISCUSSED. THERE ARE NO SET SOLUTIONS TO SOCIALLY RELATED QUESTIONS. EFFICIENCY IS ACCEPTED AS A CRITERION FOR DESIGN AND DECISION. IN THE ABSENCE OF TECHNICALLY VALID ANSWERS TO SYSTEMS DESIGN THAT AFFECT SOCIAL SYSTEMS, ONLY POLITICALLY DERIVED ANSWERS ARE ADMISSIBLE. THE TASK OF THE SYSTEMS DESIGNER IS THEREFORE, TO CONTRIBUTE BETTER INFORMATION, BETTER FORECASTS, AND BETTER ANALYSIS TO PUBLIC REVIEW, SUCH THAT MORE ENLIGHTENED AND BETER INFORMED BARGAINING CAN BE ENGAGED AMONG THE COMPETING PUBLICS. SINCE THERE ARE NO TECHNICAL ROUTES TO VALUES, THE INVOLVEMENT OF CONSUMERS IS PROBABLY THE ONLY WAY. MARKETS PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE MEDIUM TO DEBATING FORUMS. MANY QUESTIONS CAN BE ADEQUATELY CONSIDERED ONLY IF ALL THREE APPROACHES ARE PURSUED. POLITICAL QUESTIONS CAN ONLY BE RESOLVED THROUGH DEBATE AND NEGOTIATION AND ITS IS HERE THAT ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMIC FORECASTS FIND THEIR CRITICAL ROLES AS INFORMERS AND SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE. TECHNIQUES AND POLITICS ARE THUS MUTUALLY DEPENDENTED, MAKING THE SYSTEMS ANALYST AND PARTICIPATING CITIZEN PARTNERS IN THE PURSUIT OF SOCIAL BETTERMENT. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Marketing KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132503 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240299 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Sloan, Allan K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND COMMUNITY LIAISON PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - p. 128-131 AB - THE BOSTON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REVIEW (BTPR) WAS DESIGNED TO EXAMINE THE HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES THAT HAD DEVELOPED IN 3 CORRIDORS WHERE THE RADIAL HIGHWAYS HAD NOT BEEN COMPLETED AND WHERE THERE WAS A QUESTION AS TO WHETHER THEY SHOULD BE BUILT. THIS GAVE THREE SEPARATE (TAILORED AROUND EACH SPECIFIC CORRIDOR) PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES IN ADDITION TO THE GENERAL REGIONAL PROCESS. COMMUNITY GROUPS OF LOCALLY RECRUITED PEOPLE WITH EXPERIENCE IN COMMUNITY WORK, REPORTED DIRECTLY TO THE STUDY MANAGER. ONE OF THE MAJOR FUNCTIONS WAS TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE WAS FREE COMMUNICATION AMONG VARIOUS PARTIES OF INTEREST IN BOTH TECHNICAL STAFF AND THE COMMUNITY GROUPS. MECHANISMS HAD TO BE DEVELOPED THAT WERE RESPONSIVE TO A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SITUATIONS AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE WITH A WIDE VARIETY OF STYLES AND INTERESTS. IT WAS FOUND THAT OPEN PUBLIC INFORMATION MEETINGS WERE MORE DESIRED THAN FORMAL COMMITTEES. RELIANCE WAS PLACED ON THE PRESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS MECHANISMS TO PUBLICIZE MEETINGS AND INFORM PEOPLE. MAJOR LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE STUDY ARE LISTED AND DISCUSSED. THE RATIONALE PRESENTED MUST BE ACCEPTABLE, REASONABLE AND WELL DOCUMENTED. THE SYSTEM FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION TO, AND GETTING FEEDBACK FROM PEOPLE IS AS IMPORTANT AS THE TECHNICAL WORK. TRANSPORTATION STUDIES MUST BE RELATED TO THE COMMUNITIES AND PRESENTED AS RELATED TO THEM. THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF TRANSPORTATION MUST BE STUDIED AND A PROCESS MUST BE DESIGNED TO ADDRESS THOSE PROBLEMS. CAUTION IS URGED IN THE EXERCISE OF THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Corridors KW - Information dissemination KW - Liaison KW - Mass media KW - Needs assessment KW - Press coverage KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132600 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240298 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Hansen, Walter G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - p. 121-123 AB - PARTICIPATION HAS HAD AN IMPACT ON THE GENERATION, EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES. THE PROCESS HAS BROADENED THE RANGE OF ALTERNATIVES AND HAS LED TO THE SUBSTITUTION OF THE REGULATION OF TRANSPORT DEMAND FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FACILITIES TO MEET THAT DEMAND. THE PROCESS HAS ALSO CAUSED THE SUBSTITUTION OF ONE TYPE OF MODE FOR ANOTHER. THE NATURE OF TRANSPORTATION DEMAND, PARKING PRICING POLICY AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAY FACILITIES ARE SOME QUESTIONS CONSIDERED. THE IMPACT OF TRUCK TRAFFIC ON COMMUNITIES, AND THE ADOPTION AS RECOMMENDED SOLUTION OF AN OPTION WHICH WOULD NOT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED IF NOT FOR THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS, IS DESCRIBED. IN THE AREA OF EVALUATION, PARTICIPATION INFLUENCED THE DEFINITION OF THE AREAS OF CONCERN AND THEIR MEASUREMENT. THE PROCESS ALSO MONITORED THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS OF EVALUATION AND THE CLARITY OF THE PRESENTATION. ALTHOUGH THE SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES IS A POLITICAL PROCESS, THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS EXPOSED THE RESULTS OF THE STUDIES AND INFLUENCED THE MAKING OF THE CHOICE. THE PROCESS WAS SEEN TO BROADEN THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC WITH RESPECT TO THE ISSUES, OPTIONS AND THE RESULTS OF THE PLANNING PROCESS. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programming languages KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Mode S KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Option KW - Parking KW - Prices KW - Public participation KW - Regulators KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132599 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240289 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Graven, David L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL PLANNING PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 52-61 AB - THE PAPER REPORTS AND COMMENTS ON EFFORTS TO OBTAIN CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE PLANNING PROCESS IN THE TWIN CITY METROPOLITAN AERA. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS FOCUSED ON THE REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS. THE ACTIVITIES ARE DESCRIBED OF THE 14-MEMBER METROPOLITAN COUNCIL WHICH SERVES AS THE COORDINATING AND PLANNING AGENCY FOR A 7-COUNTY AREA. THE COUNCIL HAS (BY STATUTE) VETO POWER OVER THE TIMING AND LOCATION OF DEVELOPMENTS. THE COUNCIL WITH HAS BEEN INVOLVED ON A STAFF BASIS IN TRANSPORTATION DECISIONS AND IS ALSO A PARTY TO THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROGRAM, HAS MANY TASK FORCES AND 2 BASIC COMMITTEES OF TECHNICAL ADVISORS. THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR MAKING THE REGIONAL PLANNING DECISION INVOLVING METROPOLITAN-SCALE HIGHWAYS WAS RELEGATED TO THE COUNCIL. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IS CONSIDERED. THE INVOLVEMENT OF A CITIZEN GROUP IN A CONSULTANT STUDY OF VARIOUS ROUTES AND ALTERNATIVES IN A PARTICULAR CORRIDOR IS DESCRIBED. THE ROLE OF THE COUNCIL AS A POLITICAL DECISION-MAKER IS DISCUSSED. CITIZEN INVOLVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF A METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN IS OUTLINED. AN ATTEMPT IS BEING MADE TO APPLY THE SAME TECHNIQUES IN REGIONAL PLANNING. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC DECISION-MAKING IS HERE TO STAY. THE PRESSURE OF CLAIMS FROM THE POOR, THE MINORITIES AND FROM THE SUBURBS WILL INCREASE. BENEFITS ARE ACHIEVED BY OPEN PLANNING THAT IS WIDELY PUBLICIZED AND INVOLVES FULL PUBLIC DEBATE BEFORE AND BY AS MANY INFORMED CITIZENS AS ONE CAN INDUCE TO PARTICIPATE. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Low income groups KW - Minorities KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132590 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240291 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Holland, Arthur J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND AN ELECTED OFFICIAL'S VIEWPOINT PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 66-70 AB - FORMAL CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN PROMINENT PUBLIC PROGRAMS IS CHRONOLOGICALLY REVIEWED. THE PROGRAMS START WITH PUBLIC HOUSING FOLLOWED BY URBAN RENEWAL AND LATER, MODEL CITY PROGRAMMING. THE CREATION OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT CHANGED MANY ASPECTS OF PLANNING. A CASE IS DESCRIBED WHERE THE DIRECTION OF A ROAD WAS CHANGED AS THE RESULT OF A PUBLIC HEARING. TODAY, THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY MUST BE IMPLEMENTED. A CASE IS OUTLINED WHERE CITIZENS ENLISTED THE AID OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT WORKSHOP TO MAKE AN IMPACT STUDY. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY CAUSED A SLOWING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT. THE CITIZEN VIEWS EACH PROJECT AS PART OF A NEIGHBORHOOD. AN INSTANCE OF CITIZEN REACTION WHICH IS EXPECTED TO CHANGE PLANS IN MERCER COUNTY IS DESCRIBED. AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION OF OF THIS PAPER COVERS SUCH ASPECTS AS THE SELECTION OF PERSONNEL FOR ADVISORY COMMITTEES, AND DECISION-MAKING COMMITEES, THE OPEN-DOOR POLICY FOR CITIZEN PARTICIPATION, AND CITIZEN GROUPS THAT HAVE PARTICIPATED IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Model Cities Program KW - Officials KW - Personnel KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132592 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240293 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Stevens, David H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN A RURAL STATE PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 90-95 AB - THE DIFFICULTY IN SECURING CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IS DISCUSSED. TYPICAL SITUATIONS INVOLVING TRANSPORTATION ARE DESCRIBED. IN MAINE PROBLEMS RELATE TO CITIZENS' DEMAND FOR MORE HIGHWAYS RATHER THAN TO THEIR OBJECTION TO HIGHWAY OR TRANSPORTATION MODES FOR A PARTICULAR CORRIDOR. THERE IS, HOWEVER, A MINORITY INTEREST IN THE CURTAILMENT OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION. FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS PLACED ON RURAL STATES ARE SOMETIMES UNNECESSARY AND MAY LEAD TO CONFUSION. PUBLIC MEETINGS ARE NOT WELL PATRONIZED AND OFTEN SERVE NO MORE THAN PROVIDING DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE THAT SUCH A MEETING WAS HELD. PRE-PUBLIC-HEARING INFORMATION MEETINGS ARE MORE CONSTRUCTIVE AND SUCCESSFUL IN OBTAINING THE OPINION OF THE TRULY CONCERNED. HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES OVER RURAL ROADS AND CONTROVERSY INVOLVING JURISDICTION OVER SEA TRANSPORTATION ARE THE ISSUES COVERED IN AN INFORMAL DISCUSSION AFTER THE PAPER. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Information dissemination KW - Public participation KW - Road construction KW - Rural areas KW - Rural highways KW - Seaports KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132594 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240295 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Gakenheimer, Ralph AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTRODUCTION PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - p. 105-106 AB - THE BOSTON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REVIEW (BTP) WHICH REVIEWED EXPERIENCES IN CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND INTERDISCIPLINARY PLANNING, WAS PROPOSED TO CONSIDER THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM IN A VERY BROAD SCOPE. THE PAPERS PRESENTED DEMONSTRATE THE WAY IN WHICH THE INTENSIVE PARTICIPATORY APPROACH HAS AFFECTED VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF THE STUDY. THE STUDY WAS INTENSIVE IN INVOLVEMENT OF COMMUNITY INTERESTS IN THE AREA OF TECHNICAL WORK AND TECHNICAL DECISION-MAKING; IN THE AREA OF EDUCATION OF COMMUNITY AND OTHER GROUPS TOWARD PARTICIPATION IN A TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS; AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY-ADVOCATED OPTIONS WITH RESPECT TO FACILITY ALTERNATIVES WITHIN THE PROJECT CORRIDOR FRAMEWORK. THE PAPERS PRESENTED COVER THE BROADER ASPECTS OF THE PROCESS AND HOW BTPR SOUGHT TO DEAL WITH THE CONTROVERSIES WITH WHICH IT WAS CHARGED; THE WAY IN WHICH PARTICIPATION AFFECTED THE METHODOLOGY OF THE BTPR; THE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF THE STUDY AND IN PARTICULAR ON THE KINDS OF FACILITIES AND IMPROVEMENTS AND PROPOSALS THAT EMERGED; THE ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS IN AN ENVIRONMENT OF RESPONSIVENESS TO COMMUNITY INTERESTS; AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF EFFORT TO THE REPRESENTATION OF COMMUNITY VIEWS. IMPORTANT FEATURES OF BTPR WERE ITS LARGE SCALE, EXPANSIVE, FLEXIBLE FORMAT OF STUDY AND ITS MANDATE TO SETTLE SPECIFIC AND HIGHLY CONTROVERSIAL BUILD/NO-BUILD DECISIONS CONCERNING EXPRESSWAYS. THE LATTER ASPECT PLACED A LARGE PROPORTION OF THE EFFORT IN THE STUDY ON PROJECT LEVEL CONSIDERATION WHICH GAVE THE STUDY ONE OF ITS MOST INNOVATIVE CHARATERISTICS. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Methodology KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public participation KW - Reviews KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132596 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240290 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Anderson, Gerard AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND THE MINORITY VIEWPOINT PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 62-65 AB - A CLOSE RELATION EXISTS BETWEEN RACE AND TRANSPORTATION. THE POSITION OF THE NON-WHITE IN THE PRESENT SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS EXAMINED IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY. NON-WHITE PROTEST CARRIES NO POLITICAL WEIGHT. THE FAILURE OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND TO INVOLVE PEOPLE IN THE PLANNING PROCESS IS DISCUSSED. POLITICAL DECISION WAS MADE FOR THE BENEFIT OF PRIVATE DEVELOPERS. THE QUESTION IS RAISED AS TO WHETHER THE EXISTING POLITICAL PROCESS COULD BE USED TO STOP CERTAIN TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS THAT WERE DESIGNED FOR NON-WHITES INSTEAD OF WITH THEM. IF PLANNERS DID NOT VIEW NON-WHITES AS OBJECTS OF SUSPICION, THIS WOULD NOT BE A DIFFICULT PROBLEM. CONSEQUENCES WHICH MUST BE FACED WHEN THE NON-WHITE CITIZEN IS UNABLE TO EXPRESS HIMSELF IN GOVERNMENT PROCEDURES IS DESCRIBED. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE SAME PROCEDURES USED TO ENCOURAGE WHITE CITIZENS SHARE IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS BE USED WITH NON-WHITE CITIZENS AS WELL. SPECIAL PROBLEMS FACED BY NON-WHITES SUCH AS LACK OF RELOCATION ASSISTANCE (IN A CASE IN CLEVELAND) AND UNEMPLOYMENT ARE OUTLINED. IT IS URGED THAT MORE CONFERENCES BE HELD TO INFORM PLANNERS OF THESE SPECIAL PROBLEMS. PLANNING IN NON-WHITE COMMUNITIES NOT ONLY WOULD BE BENEFICIAL BUT WOULD ALSO RESULT IN TOTAL COMMUNITY PROGRESS. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Community values KW - Minorities KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Social values KW - Transportation planning KW - Unemployment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132591 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00240297 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Lockwood, Stephen C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARTICIPATION: ITS INFLUENCE ON PLANNING METHODOLOGY PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - pp 116-120 AB - THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS HAS BEEN CHALLENGED BY THE POLITICIZATION OF THE PLANNING PROCESS. THE HISTORY OF THE RESPONSE TO THIS CHALLENGE IS OUTLINED. THE MOST RECENT RESPONSE IS THE BROADLY BASED BOSTON TRANSPORTATION REVIEW (BTPR), WHICH HAS GIBEN EQUAL ATTENTION TO HIGHWAY AND TRANSIT AND TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION, WHILE DE-EMPHASIZING INVESTMENT IN SOPHISTICATED TRANSPORTATION LAND USE TECHNIQUES IN FAVOR OF BALANCE AMONG A BROAD RANGE OF COMPETING ISSUES. THE BTPR WAS A TECHNICO-POLITICAL ENTERPRISE STRUCTURED TO COMBINE A BROADLY OPEN PARTICIPATION PROCESS (IN TERMS OF OPTION GENERATION AND EVALUATION ACTIVITIES) WITH A SIMULTANEOUS SHARPENING OF THE DECISION-MAKING POWER. THE STUDY REVEALED THAT THE PARTICIPATION PROCESS PLAYS CERTAIN KEY TECHNICAL ROLES. BROAD EXPOSURE OF ALTERNATIVES AT THE OUTSET, ENSURES THAT THE COMPLETE RANGE OF ISSUES IS GENERATED EARLY IN THE PROCESS. PARTICIPANTS OFTEN TOOK THE INITIATIVE IN THE SHAPING OF PLAN. THE EVALUATION CRITERIA IN BOSTON WERE DEVELOPED FROM A CONSENSUS OF COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL GROUPS. THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS ENSURED THAT DECISION-MAKERS WERE CONTINUALLY INFORMED OF THE REACTIONS OF THE REACTIONS OF VARIOUS INTEREST GROUPS. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THERE BE CONTINUAL INTERACTION BETWEEN THE TECHNICAL STAFF AND THE PARTICIPANTS. THE PRESSURE OF INTENSIVE COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT REQUIRES CHANGES IN THE TECHNICAL PLANNING PROCESS. IT WAS FOUND THAT ALTHOUGH A COMMUNITY LIAISON STAFF CAN AID COMMUNITY-TECHNICAL INTERACTION, TECHNICAL QUESTIONS MUST BE RESOLVED BY QUALIFIED TECHNICAL STAFF. THE OBSERVATION IS MADE THAT THE PLANNING PROCESS MUST SHIFT FROM AN OPTIMIZATION PROCESS WITH AN OBJECTIVE FUNCTION TO A SEARCH THAT IS INTERACTIVE, ADAPTIVE, AND CAN CONSIDER CONFLICTING OBJECTIVES. INFORMED DECISIONS ON CORRIDOR ALTERNATIVES MAY BE MADE ONLY ON EVALUATION OF A 200-FT SCALE. FINDINGS ON LAND USE DISTRIBTUIONS, THE BENEFITS OF TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS, LONG RANGE ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND THE EVALUATION PROCESS ITSELF ARE OTHER ASPECTS DISCUSSED. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Engineering personnel KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Scientific personnel KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132598 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00200634 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Cortell, Jason M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ECOLOGICAL PLANNING AND HIGHWAY DESIGN PY - 1973 IS - 142 SP - p. 124-127 AB - THE BOSTON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REVIEW (BTPR) PROVIDED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR ECOLOGICAL GROUPS TO ORGANIZE AND EXPRESS THEMSELVES IN A UNIFIED MANNER ALONGSIDE THE INTERESTS AND VALUES OF OTHER SOCIAL AND POLITICAL INTEREST GROUPS THAT PARTICIPATED IN THE PROCESS. THEIR PARTICIPATION LED TO THEIR MAKING A MAJOR RECOMMENDATION IN THE SELECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT TEAM. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND VARIOUS INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS CONTRIBUTED TO THE RESOLUTION OF ISSUES WHICH MAY NOT HAVE BEEN OTHERWISE RESOLVED. PROBLEMS WERE STATED IN A FORM FOR EVALUATING THE TRADE-OFF FACTORS OF COST, FACTORS RELATED TO HUMAN USE (RESIDENTIAL, BUSINESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT) AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT RELATED TO NATURAL SYSTEMS AND AREAS. REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEAM VISITED HUNDREDS OF REGIONAL AND SUBREGIONAL MEETINGS ORGANIZED TO DISCUSS THE VARIOUS ISSUES THAT CONCERNED THEM. THE RESOLUTION OF ISSUES FACING THE NORTH SHORE REGION WITH ITS WOODS AND MARSH AREAS IS DISCUSSED. THE LOCATION OF A MAJOR CORRIDOR IN THE SOUTHWEST PRODUCED A POLARIZATION BETWEEN POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. THE ISSUES WERE IDENTIFIED AND ANALYZED BEFORE DECISIONS WERE MADE. A DETAILED INVESTIGATION (SURFACE WATER FEATURES OF THE AREA WERE DOCUMENTED, THE VEGETATION WAS ANALYZED AS WAS ALSO THE SOIL AND SURFICIAL GEOLOGY) OF A LOCATION REVEALED AN AREA OF CONCERN THAT HAD NOT BEEN SUSPECTED BEFORE. U1 - Conference on Citizen Participation in Transportation PlanningHighway Research BoardFederal Aviation AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationOffice of the Secretary of TransportationWashington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19730529 EndDate:19730531 Sponsors:Highway Research Board, Federal Aviation Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of the Secretary of Transportation KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Ecology KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highway design KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/92294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242195 AU - Hoel, L A AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORT INNOVATIONS IN PRINCIPAL EUROPEAN CITIES PY - 1973 SP - 61 p. AB - THIS REPORT DISCRIBES SEVERAL INNOVATIONS IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT WHICH HAVE BEEN ADOPTED AS SOLUTIONS TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THESE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPEAN TRANSPORT ARE OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE TO THE UNITED STATES AS THEY ILLUSTRATE THE RANGE OF VIABLE ALTERNATIVES THAT HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED AND THE RESULTS ACHIEVED. DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OF PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY FOR SEVERAL EUROPEAN CITIES INCLUDES BOTH INCREMENTAL AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS AS WELL AS NEW SYSTEM AND NETWORK INNOVATIONS. THE CITIES SELECTED FOR EVALUATION ARE HAMBURG, GOTHENBURG, LONDON, PARIS, AND RUNCORN, AS EACH FURNISHED A SIGNIFICANT ILLUSTRATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESPONSES TO MAJOR URBAN PROBLEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Land use KW - New towns KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129102 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00242488 JO - Highway Research Board Special Report PB - Highway Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ORGANIZATION FOR CONTINUING URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1973 IS - 139 SP - 29 p. AB - DURING THE WEEK OF 14--18 NOVEMBER 1971 THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD CONVENED A CONFERENCE AT MT. POCONO, PA., UNDER THE SPONSORSHIP OF THREE AGENCIES OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TRANSPORTATION AND TWO PRIVATE ASSOCIATIONS TO EXAMINE MEANS FOR COORDINATING TRANSPORTATION PLANNING WITH COMPREHENSIVE AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF METROPOLITAN AREAS. CHANGES THAT HAD TENDED TO RENDER TRADITIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING APPROACHES UNRESPONSIVE WERE IDENTIFIED, CONFERENCE THEMES WERE DEVELOPED IN WORKSHOPS, WORKSHOP REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WERE PRESENTED IN PLENARY SESSION, AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WERE ADOPTED BY THE CONFERENCE AS A WHOLE. THE MAJOR TOPICS ADDRESSED WERE ORGANIZATION FOR METROPOLITAN PLANNING, THE PLANNING PROCESS, PLAN IMPLEMENTATION, CITIZEN PARTICIPATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, AND FUNDING. ADOPTED RECOMMENDATIONS IN THESE AREAS ARE PRESENTED ALONG WITH A DISCUSSION OF EACH. U1 - Conference on Organization for Continuing Urban Transportation PlanningOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Environment and Urban SystemsFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHighway Users Federation for Safety and MobilityAutomative Safety FoundationMt Pocono,Pennsylvania,United States StartDate:19711114 EndDate:19711118 Sponsors:Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environment and Urban Systems, Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility, Automative Safety Foundation KW - City planning KW - Environmental impacts KW - Financing KW - Planning KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223945 AU - Washington Metro Area Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS NOISE CONTROL FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1972/12 SP - 66 p. AB - THIS REPORT DEALS WITH A NOISE CONTROL FEASIBILITY STUDY ADMINISTERED BY THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT COMMISSION, USING A DIESEL BUS FURNISHED BY THE D. C. TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM WAS TO EXPLORE AREAS OF POTENTIAL NOISE REDUCTION AND TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES WHICH COULD BE DEVELOPED INTO RETROFIT KIT FOR INSTALLATION ON EXISTING VEHICLES. THE FOUR AREAS INVESTIGATED UNDER THE PROJECT WERE: (1) DIRECT MECHANICAL NOISE RADIATION FROM THE POWER PLANT; (2) NOISE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM; (3) ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM NOISE; AND (4) ENGINE INDUCTION AIR SYSTEM NOISE. EQUIPMENT AND STRATEGIES RELATED TO THE FOUR NOISE AREAS AND THE TEST PLAN ARE DESCRIBED. THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS SHOWED THAT MOST OF THE NOISE CONTROL TREATMENTS CONTRIBUTED MEASURABLY TO THE OVERALL SOUND LEVEL REDUCTION. SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION, IMPROVEMENTS, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MORE PROMISING NOISE REDUCTION TREATMENTS INTO A RETROFIT KIT. AN APPENDIX OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT ACTIVITIES IS INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Engine noise KW - Engines KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Retrofitting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242204 AU - Development Research Associates AU - Corey, Canapary & Galanis TI - THE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND SANTA CLARA COUNTY TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION PROGRAM FINAL REPORT PY - 1972/12 SP - 111 p. AB - THE THREE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO FORMULATE SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE ESCALATING COUNTYWIDE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM, TO COMMUNICATE THE PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE PUBLIC, AND TO RETRIEVE AND ANALYZE THE PUBLIC'S REACTIONS TO THE ALTERNATIVES. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES THE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED BY THE CONSULTANTS AND THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THESE TECHNIQUES FOR CARRYING ON PUBLIC DISCUSSION. IT ALSO RELATES THE MAJOR TRANSPORTATION CONCERNS OF THE CITIZENS OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY. COMMUNICATIONS TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED INCLUDE: NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING AND PUBLICITY, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PUBLIC MEETINGS, ORGANIZATIONAL MAILINGS, AND RADIO AND TELEVISION PUBLIC SERVICE PROGRAMMING. THERE WERE ALSO PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS. VARIOUS METHODS OF INTRODUCING INFORMATION ON THE SANTA CLARA COUNTY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TO THE PUBLIC AND THE RESULTS OF THE COMMUNITY RESPONSE ARE COVERED IN DEPTH. THE APPENDICES INCLUDE AN OUTLINE OF THE GENERAL TRANSPORTATION FRAMEWORK OF SANTA CLARA COUNTY, THE COUNTY TRANSPORTATION BACKGROUND AND HISTORY INCLUDING THE ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVED MASS TRANSIT, AND A LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS WHICH SUPPORTED THE STUDY. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Communities KW - Information dissemination KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129108 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202234 AU - Burke, Ralph H & Assoc TI - TRANSIT OWNERSHIP STUDY FOR THE CITY OF NORFOLK, VIRGINIA PY - 1972/12 SP - 192 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF THE PUBLIC ACQUISITION OF THE TANGIBLE PROPERTY OF THE VIRGINIA TRANSIT COMPANY (VTC) IN NORFOLK, AND TO DEVELOP A SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE AREA SERVED BY THE VTC. THE 1967-1971 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS WERE ANALYZED AND IT WAS FOUND THAT NET INCOME DECREASED FROM $111,322 IN 1967 TO A LOSS OF $3,299 IN 1971. THESE LOSSES WERE EXPECTED TO INCREASE, GIVING THE VTC NO CHOICE BUT TO DISCONTINUE ITS PRIVATELY-OWNED OPERATION. IT WAS RECOMMENDED THAT THE TANGIBLE PROPERTY OF THE VTC, WHICH WAS CONSIDERED ADEQUATE FOR A TRANSIT SYSTEM SERVING NORFOLK, BE PURCHASED AT A PRICE REASONABLE CLOSE TO THE APPRAISED VALUE OF $1,908,000. IT WAS DECIDED THAT A REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT (RTD) SHOULD BE FORMED TO ASSUME OWNERSHIP. IF THIS CANNOT BE ACCOMPLISHED, EITHER AS A MULTI-MEMBER RTD OR A CITY RTD, THEN IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT OWNERSHIP BY THE CITY OF NORFOLK SHOULD BE EFFECTUATED. BEST SUITED TO THE CURRENT NEED WOULD BE OPERATION UNDER A MANAGEMENT CONTRACT WITH A PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT COMPANY. A SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT PROGRAM DESIGNED TO INCREASE RIDERSHIP WAS PREPARED. IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT IT WOULD REQUIRE ABOUT EIGHT MONTHS TO TWO YEARS TO CONSTRUCT A COMPLETELY NEW TRANSIT FACILITY AND TO PURCHASE MAJOR QUANTITIES OF NEW EQUIPMENT. SECTION XVI OF THIS REPORT PRESENTS A DETAILED PLAN OF ACTION AND TIMETABLE FOR THE PUBLIC ACQUISITION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE TANGIBLE PROPERTY OWNED BY THE VTC. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - F test KW - Financing KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242236 AU - JHK & Associates TI - SANTA ROSA TRANSIT STUDY, FINAL REPORT PY - 1972/12 SP - 91 p. AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE RESULTS OF A STUDY PROJECT FORMULATED TO DEFINE AN EFFECTIVE, ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM TO INCREASE THE MOBILITY OF SANTA ROSA RESIDENTS. THE PRINCIPAL PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP THE MAJOR ELEMENTS OF A PUBLIC TRANSIT PROGRAM INCLUDING: MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING PROCEDURES; A DESCRIPTIVE PLAN OF PROPOSED SERVICE TO INCLUDE ROUTES, SCHEDULES, AND FARE STRUCTURE; AN EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT SCHEDULE AND MAINTENANCE STANDARD; A SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION WHICH WOULD DEFINE TIMING, PHASING, AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EACH PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT, AN ESTIMATE OF FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND SOURCES OF FUNDING. ALTHOUGH SANTA ROSA IS RELATIVELY AFFLUENT, LARGE SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION INCLUDING THE ELDERLY, THE POOR, THE HANDICAPPED AND THE YOUNG ARE NOT ADEQUATELY SERVED BY THE AUTOMOBILE- ORIENTED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. EXCESSIVE USE OF THE AUTOMOBILE HAS ALSO CREATED PROBLEMS WITH AIR POLLUTION AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO SIX SECTIONS: INTRODUCTION, WITH OBJECTIVES, HISTORY AND BACKGROUND; EXISTING CONDITIONS, WHICH OUTLINES THE PRESENT LAND USE, POPULATION, SERVICE, EQUIPMENT AND METHODS OF FINANCING; TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT CRITERIA, WHICH DISCUSSES THE RESULTS OF MEETINGS HELD WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS, COMMUNITY LEADERS, AND INTERESTED CITIZENS; NEAR TERM TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS, WHICH DISCUSSES PATRONAGE ESTIMATES, ROUTE AND SCHEDULES, FARE AND FUNDING, AND MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS; LONG-RANGE PLANNING ALTERNATIVES; AND RECOMMENDATIONS BASES ON THE ABOVE. AN ADDENDUM IS INCLUDED IN THE REPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Maintenance KW - Mobility KW - Planning KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240740 AU - Pellegrini, A J AU - Stanford University TI - A MODEL FOR MULTIPLE-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF LAND USE PLANS PY - 1972/12 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PROVIDE A METHODOLOGY WHICH WOULD AID LOCAL OR REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSIONS IN DEVELOPING A LAND USE PLAN FOR A GIVEN AREA. THE RESULTING APPROACH DERIVED FROM THE STUDY WAS TESTED IN THE MORGAN HILL AREA OF SOUTHERN SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. A COMPUTERIZED MODEL WAS DEVELOPED WHICH DETERMINED THE LEVELS OF QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF THE COMMUNITY WIDE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE LAND USE PATTERNS. SPECIFIC MATTERS UNDER STUDY INCLUDE: AVERAGE COMMUTER TRANSIT TIME, AVERAGE RECREATIONAL TRANSIT TIME, AVERAGE COMMERCIAL AND SHOPPING TRANSIT TIME, GOVERNMENT REVENUES SPENT FOR TRANSIT, AND EXPECTED RETAIL SALES DOLLARS SPENT LOCALLY AND IN NEARBY COMMUNITIES. VARIOUS TYPES OF LAND USE WERE INCLUDED IN THE STUDY: HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL, MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL, LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL, ESTATE DENSITY RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL, RECREATIONAL, AND UN-URBANIZED LAND INCLUDING AGRICULTURAL. THE AUTHOR OUTLINES HIS GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ALONG WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK IN THE AREA. KW - Density KW - Information processing KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Methodology KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Regional planning KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00267001 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - California Institute of Technology TI - EXPERIMENTAL AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLES IN CONFINED SPACES PY - 1972/12 SP - 190 p. AB - This report was prepared under the Transit Development Corporation, Inc. (TDC) project entitled, "Ventilation and Environmental Control in Subway Rapid Transit Systems," and is one of the many reports leading to the final product---a "Subway Environmental Design Handbook." Described are the results of the experimental effort pertaining to the aerodynamics of vehicles traveling in tubes, conducted in the Vehicles In Confined Spaces (VICS) 70 foot and 120 foot high small-scale test facilities at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The theoretical counterpart of this report is "Theoretical Aerodynamic Characteristics of Vehicles in Confined Spaces". The purpose of the experimental investigations was to develop sufficient understanding of the scaling considerations of subway train system aerodynamics to make, with the use of the theoretical models, adequate predictions for full-scale systems. A great deal of high quality data has been obtained during the 2 years of testing. According to the authors, progress has been made in understanding the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles traveling in tubes, exemplified by the good agreement of the theoretical model predictions with the experimental data throughout the entire Reynolds number range and geometric variables tested. Operational aspects are discussed and data presented and analyzed. References and a bibliography are included and appendices are "Data Reduction" and "Simplified Theoretical Model for Tube Vehicle Aerodynamics (Incompressible, Steady-State, Single Vehicle, Unvented Tube." KW - Advanced systems KW - Aerodynamics KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Rapid transit KW - Subway planning KW - Subways KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/137380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200561 AU - Owen, C S AU - Vialet, J L AU - Wood, P AU - Mitre Corporation TI - APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO TRANSIT INFORMATION SERVICES PY - 1972/12 VL - 1 SP - 24 p. AB - VOLUME I OF THIS STUDY IS AN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF A REPORT WHICH INVESTIGATES THE POSSIBILITY OF USING COMPUTERS IN TRANSIT TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICES. THE CONTENTS OF THE COMPLETE STUDY, AS PRESENTED IN VOLUME II, IS PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT IN NARRATIVE FORM USING A MINIMUM OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION. IN STUDYING ALL PHASES OF TRANSIT TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICES, IT WAS FOUND THAT COMPUTERS WOULD NOT BE COST EFFECTIVE BUT THAT THEY WOULD CONSIDERABLY UPGRADE THE STANDARDS OF SUCH A SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computers KW - Information systems KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Research KW - Telephone KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223949 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated TI - FORECAST OF URBAN 40-FOOT COACH DEMAND 1972-1990 PY - 1972/12 SP - 48 p. AB - THIS STUDY PROVIDES AN ESTIMATE OF THE U.S. MARKET DEMAND FOR 40-FOOT TRANSIT COACHES, FROM 1972 THROUGH 1990. IT WAS CONDUCTED IN SUPPORT OF THE TRANSBUS PROJECT, DEVELOPMENT OF THE STANDARD-DESIGN TRANSIT COACH THAT WILL BE PRODUCED DURING THAT TIME PERIOD. THE DATA BASE FOR THE FORECAST IS THE 1972 NATIONAL BUS FLEET INVENTORY, WHICH INCLUDES APPROXIMATELY 95% OF U.S. TRANSIT COACHES IN MAJOR URBAN AREAS. AGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE FLEET, ASSUMED SERVICE LIFE, DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND PUBLIC POLICY WERE USED IN CALCULATING THE PROBABLE ANNUAL REPLACEMENT RATE. THE ANNUAL REPLACEMENT FORECAST RANGES FROM 3,400 UNITS IN THE EARLIER FORECAST YEARS TO 4,800 BY 1990. KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Equipment replacement KW - Forecasting KW - Inventory KW - Market research KW - Replacement KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242230 AU - Shiff, R S AU - Metro Transit Commission TI - AIRPORT ACCESS-MINNEAPOLIS AND ST PAUL PY - 1972/12 SP - 55 p. AB - THIS REPORT STUDIES THE EFFECT OF PROVIDING PUBLIC TRANSIT FROM HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW INCOME RESIDENTIAL SECTIONS OF A METROPOLITAN AREA TO A LABOR AREA WHICH OFFERS HIGHER INCOME AND SKILLED AND SEMI-SKILLED EMPLOYMENT, AND TO DETERMINE WHETHER LACK OF TRANSPORTATION HAD CREATED A BARRIER TO EMPLOYMENT FOR THE UNEMPLOYED AND UNDEREMPLOYED. SPECIFICALLY, THE INNER CITIES OF MINNEAPOLIS AND ST PAUL WERE CONNECTED TO THE AIRPORT INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX BY THE TWIN CITIES ROUTE #50 AIRPORT EXPRESS. THE SERVICE PROVIDED EXPRESS TRANSPORTATION SINCE AUGUST 1968 FROM THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISRICTS TO THE AIRPORT, AND ALSO PROVIDED CONVENIENT TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS FROM THE REGULAR ROUTES DIRECTLY SERVING THE TARGET COMMUNITIES. EXTENSIVE ADVERTISING WAS DEVOTED TO THE PROJECT ON RADIO, BILLBOARDS, NEWSPAPERS, AND COMMUNITY SERVICE GROUPS WITHIN THE POVERTY AREAS. AIRPORT EMPLOYERS WERE PROVIDED WITH MAPS AND SCHEDULES TO DISPENSE TO PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYEES AND THEIR REGULAR EMPLOYEES. A BENEFIT-COST SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED IN SPRING, 1970 TO EVALUATE THE SERVICE. IT WAS FOUND THAT 50% E PATRONS WERE INNER CITY RESIDENTS AND, ALTHOUGH MOST OF THE RIDERS ELECTED TO USE THE SERVICE RATHER THAN BEING DEPENDENT ON IT, A SIZABLE NUMBER OF OUTBOUND RIDERS SAID THAT THE SERVICE WAS CRITICAL IN HELPING THEM TO OBTAIN AND TO HOLD EMPLOYMENT. THE FINAL ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT EMPLOYMENT FOR MANY PERSONS WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE CREATION OF THE ROUTE, ENABLING MANY RIDERS TO AFFORD AN AUTOMOBILE AND ABANDON THE TRANSIT SERVICE. HOWEVER, THE PROJECT SEEMED TO HAVE ACHIEVED ITS GOAL OF INCREASING THE STANDARD OF LIVING IN THE INNER CITIES EVEN THOUGH PATRONAGE ON THE AIRPORT EXPRESS DID NOT JUSTIFY ITS CONTINUATION AS IT HAD BEEN DESIGNED. ALSO BROUGHT TO LIGHT WAS THE NEED TO PROVIDE PROSPECTIVE TRANSIT USERS INFORMATION ON AVAILABLE TRANSPORTATION THROUGH IMPROVED MARKETING TECHNIQUES. KW - Access KW - Advertising campaigns KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Cities KW - Innercity KW - Low income groups KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Unemployment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242174 AU - Poister, T AU - Syracuse University TI - TECHNICAL INPUTS IN THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS, SYRACUSE METROPOLITAN AREA: A CASE STUDY PY - 1972/12 AB - THIS REPORT EXAMINES ONE ASPECT OF THE PLANNING PROCESS USED IN THE FIELD OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION; THE DATA BASE EMPLOYED AND THE ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO IT. USING THE SYRACUSE METROPOLITAN AREA AND ITS MAJOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING EFFORT AS A CASE STUDY, THE REPORT INVESTIGATES THE MORE TECHNICAL SIDE OF THE PLANNING PROCESS, CONCENTRATING ON THE ADEQUACY OF THE DATA USED, THE POWER OF THE MODELING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED, THE SCOPE OF THE PROCESS ESPECIALLY EVALUATING THE ALTERNATIVE PLANS AS DEFINED BY THE CAPACITY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE OBJECTIVE CHARACTER OF THE TECHNIQUES, AND THE INFORMATION EXCHANGE AMONG THE PARTICIPATING AGENCIES. KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Reviews KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132196 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242190 AU - Avila, J L AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPTIMAL DESIGN OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS WITH FLUCTUATING DEMANDS- A CASE IN MULTICOMMIDITY NETWORK FLOWS PY - 1972/12 SP - 207 p. AB - NETWORK CONFIGURATION AND THE ALLOCATION OF TRAFFIC IN AN URBAN COMMUNITY IS ANALYZED THROUGH THE USE OF AN INTEGER PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM WHICH HAS BEEN CODED FOR DIGITAL COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION, AND NUMERICAAL RESULTS ARE PRESENTED. THE STUDY PRESUPPOSES THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE NEEDS AND GOALS OF AN URBAN COMMUNITY, ITS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION UNDER CONSIDERATION. THE GOAL IS TO PROVIDE A BASIS FOR NETWORK APPRAISAL METHODOLOGY FOR THE SYSTEMATIC INTERCONNECTION OF THE MAIN CENTERS OF URBAN ACTIVITY AND FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF ROUTES. /UMTA/ KW - Design KW - Digital computers KW - Networks KW - Numerical analysis KW - Optimization KW - Optimum design KW - Routes KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240166 AU - Phelps, B G AU - Dickey, J W AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ATTEMPT TO SIMULATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CERTAIN SOCIAL FACTORS AND TRANSPORTATION IN A LOW INCOME AREA PY - 1972/12 SP - 145 p. AB - A COMPUTER SIMULATION MODEL OF THE REALTIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION, HEALTH, AND INCOME WAS DEVELOPED FOR A LOW-INCOME AREA OF MIAMI, FLORIDA. A BASIC ASSUMPTION WAS THAT A CAUSAL, CIRCULAR RELATIONSHIP EXISTS AMONG THESE FACTORS AND THAT CHANGE IN ONE WILL GIVE RISE TO AN ACCUMULATIVE ADVANCE IN THE OTHERS. THE ESTIMATES OBTAINED FROM THE MODEL WERE FOR THE TEN YEAR PERIOD OF 1960-1970. THEY CONFIRMED THE GENERAL ABSENCE OF CHANGE IN THE STUDY AREA. THE EDUCATION, HEALTH, AND INCOME COMPONENTS REMAINED AT OR NEAR ORIGINAL LEVELS. USING THESE ESTIMATES AS A DATUM, MODIFICATIONS WERE THEN INTRODUCED INTO CERTAIN MODEL VARIABLES TO SIMULATE THE EFFECT OF AN IMPROVED TRANSIT SYSTEM. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HEALTH, WHICH DID SEEM TO BE NOTICEABLY EFFECTED BY TRANSIT SERVICE, THE GENERAL PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA REMAINED UNCHANGED. THE CONCLUSIONS OF THIS RESEARCH WERE THAT: (1) LOW-EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS, SUCH AS THE URBAN GHETTO, HAVE SUBSTANTIAL INERTIA IN THEIR SOCIAL PROCESSES. THIS INERTIA MINIMIZES THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES. (2) CHANGE, TO BE EFFECTIVE, MUST CONCENTRATE ON STRATEGIC SYSTEM VARIABLES AND MUST BE OF LARGE MAGNITUDE AND OCCUR OVER A LONG PERIOD. (3) THE CIRCULAR CONNECTIVITY OF PROCESSES IN GHETTO SYSTEMS IS NOT STRONG. AS A RESULT, A CUMULATIVE UPWARD CHANGE IN THE GHETTO IS DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE. (4) TRANSPORTATION DOES NOT APPEAR TO BE AN IMPORTANT CATALYST TO SYSTEM, CHANGE. /UMTA/ KW - Education KW - Ghettos KW - Health KW - Improvements KW - Income KW - Simulation KW - Social factors KW - Transportation effects KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226495 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE: FIRST PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1972/11 AB - THIS PROGRESS REPORT OF THE HADDONFIELD NEW JERSEY DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EXPLAINS THE DEMAND- ACTIVATED, DOOR-TO-DOOR BUS SERVICE; THE LOCALE WHERE IT OPERATES; PUBLIC RESPONSE; AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SYSTEM. THE DISTRIBUTION OF RIDERSHIP, VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY, AND THE QUALITY OF SERVICE ARE DISCUSSED. NUMEROUS CHARTS ON POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS, SERVICE, TIME, EFFICIENCY, FARE STRUCTURE, RIDERSHIP AND RIDERSHIP DISTRIBUTION OF THE SYSTEM, AND OTHER DEMAND- ACTIVATED SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE INCLUDED. IT IS EMPHASIZED THAT THE PROJECT'S PURPOSE IS TO ACCUMULATE DATA, AND CERTAIN EXTENSIONS AND REFINEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM ARE PROJECTED. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Door to door service KW - Paratransit services KW - Public opinion KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223947 AU - Silver, M AU - University of Illinois, Chicago TI - DESIGN CRITERIA TO REDUCE VIBRATION AND NOISE IN NEW RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1972/11 SP - 57 p. AB - EXCESSIVE VIBRATION AND NOISE MAY HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE ACCEPTANCE BY THE COMMUNITY OF NEW TRANSIT NETWORKS AND CAN AFFECT THE COMFORT AND RIDERSHIP OF PASSENGERS WHO USE THE VEHICLE. THE REPORT PRESENTS INFORMATION ON CURRENT NOISE LEVELS EXISTING IN URBAN AREAS, AND SUMMERIZES DATA DESCRIBING NOISE AND VIBRATION LEVELS GENERATED BY DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEMS. A SUMMARY OF NOISE AND VIBRATION CRITERIA CURRENTLY BEING USED BY SOME MAJOR TRANSIT OPERATORS IS PRESENTED, PROVIDING A BASIS FOR DEVELOPING LIMITING NOISE AND VIBRATION FORMULAS FOR A VARIETY OF TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES. RECOMMENDED DESIGN CRITERIA ESTABLISHED FOR OPERATING SYSTEMS ARE PRESENTED TO ASSIST THE TRANSPORTATION DESIGNER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA THAT SATISFIES LOCAL CONDITIONS. IN ADDITION, DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT MAY BE USED TO LIMIT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOISE AND VIBRATION IN TRANSIT SYSTEM COMPONENTS ARE DISCUSSED AND ILLUSTRATED. /UMTA/ KW - Comfort KW - Design KW - Noise KW - Passengers KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242571 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS): SKETCH PLANNING WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS PY - 1972/10/19 SP - 52 p. AB - THE DOCUMENT SUMMARIZES THE PROCEEDINGS OF A 1972 USER'S WORKSHOP CONDUCTED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION'S (UMTA) NEW SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PROGRAM (NSRAP). IT AUGMENTS PREVIOUSLY DISSEMINATED INFORMATION ON THE PROPOSED SKETCH PLANNING TECHNIQUES CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT FOR INCLUSION IN UMTA'S TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS) AND FOCUSES ON COMMENTS AND REACTIONS TO THE PROPOSED PLANNING TECHNIQUES. THE SKETCH PLANNING PACKAGE UNDER DISCUSSION INVOLVES VARIOUS MODELS TO PERMIT QUICK AND ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES. /NTIS/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228297 AU - Brown, F R AU - Jekel, R N AU - WILLIAMS, D A AU - Cubic Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM PY - 1972/10/12 SP - 415 p. AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES ONE OF A SERIES OF TESTS CARRIED OUT IN PHILADELPHIA TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION TECHNIQUES. THE METHOD WAS MULTILATERATION FROM FIXED SITES USING CW/FM PHASE COMPARISON TECHNIQUES CONFIGURED IN A ONE-WAY RANGE DIFFERENCE TYPE SOLUTION. TESTING WAS ACCOMPLISHED AT AN FM INDEX OF 5 AND SIMULATED 1000 VEHICLE OPERATION. TEST ENVIRONMENTS INCLUDE LOW RISE, HIGH RISE, AND SPECIAL CASES. BOTH REAL TIME AND POST MISSION DATA PROCESSING WAS ACCOMPLISHED. POST MISSION DATA PROCESSING WAS CONFINED TO TECHNIQUES APPROPRIATE TO REAL TIME APPLICATIONS. POSITIONAL ACCURACY RESULTS WERE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON THE EXACT ENVIRONMENT. THE POSITIONAL RESULTS SHOWED A CEP OF TYPICALLY 800 TO 1250' WAS ACHIEVED IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT. THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT WERE USED TO FORMULATE A PAPER DESIGN COMPLYING WITH DOT BASELINE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO A VARIETY OF CITY ENVIRONMENTS AND USER AGENCIES. THE MAJOR PORTIONS OF THIS REPORT ARE ADDRESSED TO AVM BASELINE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS ARE DETERMINED IN ALL CATEGORIES. COSTS AND SCHEDULES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTATION ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Testing KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00497139 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ABSTRACTS. VOLUME I PY - 1972/10 SP - 540 p. AB - This volume contains 466 abstracts of reports in the field of urban mass transportation which are available from the National Technical Information Service. The reports were generated by research, development, and demonstration; technical studies, and university research and training projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (amended). Each abstract contains complete bibliographic data, from two to twelve keyword identifiers, up to 400 words of text capsulizing major topics covered in the report, and the NTIS accession number and prices. In addition, all abstracts are indexed by title, individual author, and performing organization. For this volume, a special keyword subject index was also developed which contains more than 250 entries based upon the topical content of the literature. Following ech key word are the page numbers of relevant abstracts. These abstracts cover a broad spectrum of urban mass transportation research of interest to engineers, planners, students, transit managers and operators, public administrators, and persons in related fields. KW - Abstracts KW - Information dissemination KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/310566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242185 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY - PEORIA MASS TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1972/10 SP - 104 p. AB - THIS REPORT REPRESENTS AN ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE GREATER PEORIA MASS TRANSIT DISTRICT (GPMTD) SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN APRIL, 1970. INCLUDED IS A SUMMARY OF WHAT STEPS GPMTD HAS TAKEN TO REINSTITUTE TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE PEORIA AREA, AS WELL AS AN EVALUATION AND SUMMARY OF ITS PRESENT OPERATIONS WITH SUGGESTED AREAS FOR EXPANSION AND IMPROVEMENT. THIS REPORT ALSO PROPOSES SPECIFIC CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE SYSTEM, ON A PROGRAMMED BASIS. THIS PLAN WILL PERMIT THE EXPANSION OF HIGH-QUALITY SERVICE TO PRESENT AND POTENTIAL PATRONS AT LEVELS REQUIRED BY THE GROWING COMMUNITIES. FROM A FINANCIAL VIEWPOINT, THE FIRST FULL YEAR OF OPERATIONS IS DETAILED AND ANALYZED. PROJECTIONS OF OPERATING REVENUES AND COSTS ARE PRESENTED FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS BASED ON AVAILABLE INFORMATION. THE DIFFICULTY IN MEETING RISING COSTS OF OPERATION FROM REVENUE AND OTHER SOURCES IS ASSESSED WITH A REVIEW OF POSSIBLE SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE AND ADDITIONAL OPERATIONAL ECONOMIES THAT CAN REALISTICALLY BE ADOPTED BY THE DISTRICT. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Expansion KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Operating revenues KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203672 AU - Institute for Rapid Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY AERODYNAMIC AND THERMODYNAMIC TEST (SAT) FACILITY- DOUBLE-TRACK AERODYNAMIC DATA PY - 1972/10 SP - 67 p. AB - THE SUBWAY AERODYNAMIC AND THERMODYNAMIC TEST (SAT) FACILITY IS A DOUBLE TRACK, RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION TUNNEL WITH A SOLID DIVIDING WALL, A 15 PERCENT POROSITY CURTAIN WALL AND OPEN EXCEPT FOR PERIODIC COLUMNS. THIS REPORT DESCRIBES AND INTERPRETS TEST DATA GENERATED IN THE SAT FACILITY. IN PARTICULAR AERODYNAMIC DATA FOR THREE TRAINS OF BLOCKAGE RATIOS VARYING BETWEEN 0.35 AND 0.75 ARE DESCRIBED FOR STEADY AND UNSTEADY RUNS. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Environmental engineering KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Test results KW - Testing KW - Thermodynamics KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240742 AU - Beckley, R M AU - SWENSON, D AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHTS OF WAY AND THEIR DIRECTLY RELATED LAND USE PY - 1972/10 SP - 48 p. AB - THIS REPORT CONSIDERS TRANSPORTATION TO BE A MAJOR INFLUENCE IN DETERMINING URBAN FORM. MUCH OF THE GROWTH OF URBAN AREAS IS REFLECTED IN CHANGING LAND-USE PATTERNS. TO PROVIDE ACCESS AND SERVICE TO THESE URBAN LAND USES, APPROXIMATELY 25-30% OF DEVELOPED LAND IS REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORTATION RIGHT-OF-WAY. THE AUTHORS ARE INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING A MORE COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO ANALYZING PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY. THE LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVE IS TO PURSUE STUDIES WHICH RELATE TO ALTERNATIVE UTILIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION RIGHTS-OF-WAY FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT. PRIMARY STEPS INCLUDE ATTEMPTS AT CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY BY TYPE, ADJACENT LAND USES, AND SPECIAL FEATURES OF URBAN LANDSCAPE. THE QUESTION INITIALLY CONFRONTED WAS WHAT MAKES ONE RIGHT-OF-WAY DIFFERENT FROM ANOTHER. SHADOW DETERMINANCE CHARTS ARE PRESENTED. RIGHT-OF-WAY PERSPECTIVE IS EXAMINED FROM VISTA VIEW, TRAFFIC FLOW, RIGHT-OF-WAY PATTERN, SPEED LIMIT ASPECTS. ADJACENT LAND USES DISCUSSION INCLUDES PARKING STATUS, PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC, ACCESS TO RIGHT-OF-WAY, ROAD SURFACE AND TRAFFIC LAND CONSTRAINTS. LAND USE MAPS AND ZONING MAPS ARE INCLUDED, AS WELL AS TRAFFIC FLOW CONSTRAINTS. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT A SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF COLLECTING AND COMPARING DATA CAN BE USEFUL IN DEFINING TYPE AND CHARACTER OF RIGHT-OF-WAY. TECHNIQUES WILL NEED BE DEVELOPED TO INCORPORATE MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES INTO EXISTING PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY. /UMTA/ KW - Facilities KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Landscape design KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Right of way KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242223 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - AN INVOVATIVE MARKETING PROGRAM FOR COTA (CENTRAL OHIO TRANSITAUTHORITY) PY - 1972/10 SP - 84 && AB - THIS REPORT CONCERNS A MARKETING PROGRAM WHICH WAS DEVELOPED ESPECIALLY FOR THE CENTRAL OHIO TRANSIT AUTHORITY (COTA). IT COVERS MARKETING FUNCTIONS; MARKETING RESEARCH; DESIGN OF VEHICLES, STOPS, SHELTERS, AND INFORMATION AIDS; PUBLIC RELATIONS; SALES PROMOTION; CUSTOMER RELATIONS; MARKET DEVELOPMENT; AND ADVERTISING. THE PROGRAM IS INTEGRATED AND COVERS SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS DURING A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR. THE BASIC PURPOSE OF THE STUDY IS TO DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE MARKETING PROGRAM, SUITABLE FOR IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION, AIMED AT INCREASING THE USE OF TRANSIT. TRANSIT MARKETING IS STRESSED AS A FUNCTION COMPOSED OF THE MANY FACETS LISTED ABOVE, BUT IMPORTANCE IS ALSO PLACED ON THE CONCEPT THAT THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING IN THE TRANSIT ENTERPRISE IS INTEGRATING ALL THE PARTS OF THE OPERATION IN ORDER TO MEET THE GOAL OF GOOD QUALITY PUBLIC SERVICE. BASIC RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE ATTITUDES, CHARACTERISTICS AND DESIRE OF USERS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT AS WELL AS A MAJORITY OF NON-USERS. TWO SURVEYS, ONE CONDUCTED BY TELEPHONE AND ONE ON BOARD THE BUSES, WERE DESIGNED AND CONDUCTED BY THE CONSULTANTS. PROCEDURES ARE LISTED IN THE APPENDIX. INTERVIEWS WERE HELD WITH LEADING MERCHANTS, THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, OFFICIALS OF THE COLUMBUS TRANSIT COMPANY RESPONSIBLE FOR ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION, AND REPRESENTATIVES OF COLUMBUS AREA MEDIA. DATA OBTAINED WAS ANALYZED IN TERMS OF MARKET GROUP INTEREST AND NEEDS. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS: PART I OUTLINES THE BASIC PHILOSOPHY OF THE REPORT AND OUTLINES THE GOALS OF TRANSIT MARKETING; PART II PRESENTED THE RECOMMENDED MARKETING PLAN AND PART III DEALS WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE PLANS. KW - Bus transportation KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223942 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - San Francisco Municipal Railway AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION -- CONTRACT SECTION -- REVISED TO INCLUDE ADDENDA 1 THROUGH 4 PY - 1972/10 SP - 178 p. AB - THIS SPECIFICATION DESCRIBES A STANDARD UNITED STATES LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE (TECHNICALLY DEFINED AS ELECTRIC MULTIPLE-UNIT ARTICULATED SUBWAYSURFACE LIGHT RAIL CARS). PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS CONTAINED IN THIS SPECIFICATION WERE DEVELOPED IN COOPERATION WITH MASS TRANSIT OPERATORS, CONSULTING ENGINEERS, AND THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION. THIS REPORT DETAILS CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION FOR POTENTIAL MANUFACTURERS OF THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES. THE CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS WERE DEVELOPED BY THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE COMMITTEE (BSFC) WHICH WAS COMPRISED OF OPERATING PROPERTIES IN BOSTON AND SAN FRANCISCO. SPECIFIC CONTRACT DOCUMENTS INDEXED IN THIS REPORT INCLUDE GENERAL INFORMATION FOR BIDDERS AND THE INVITATION TO BID, BSF COMMITTEE AGREEMENT, PROPOSAL TO MANUFACTURE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES FOR BSFC, CONTRACTS, PERFORMANCE BOND, AND POWER OF ATTORNEY. /UMTA/ KW - Bids KW - Contracts KW - Design standards KW - Electric railroads KW - Manufacturing KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223943 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - San Francisco Municipal Railway AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION --- TECHNICAL SECTION -- REVISED TO INCLUDE ADDENDA 1 THROUGH 4 PY - 1972/10 SP - 287 p. AB - THIS SPECIFICATION DESCRIBES A STANDARD UNITED STATES LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE (TECHNICALLY DEFINED AS ELECTRIC MULTIPLE-UNIT ARTICULATED SUBWAY-SURFACE LIGHT RAIL CARS). PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS CONTAINED IN THIS SPECIFICATION WERE DEVELOPED IN COOPERATION WITH MASS TRANSIT OPERATORS, CONSULTING ENGINEERS, AND THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION. THE REPORT DETAILS DESIGN AND ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS FOR ALL COMPONENTS OF THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE, AND INCLUDES DESIGN ILLUSTRATIONS. THE ADAPTATION OF THESE SPECIFICATIONS FOR BOSTON AND SAN FRANCISCO ARE INCLUDED AS APPENDICES. /UMTA/ KW - Design standards KW - Electric railroads KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239628 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION (UMTA) TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM--REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1972/09/15 SP - 253 p. AB - THE UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS) IS A COLLECTION OF IMB SYSTEM/360 COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR USE IN PLANNING MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE OBJECTIVE OF UTPS IS TO PROVIDE READILY AVAILABLE, EASY-TO-USE AND FULLY TESTED PLANNING TOOLS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS ATTEMPTING TO SOLVE A WIDE VARIETY OF PROBLEMS. UTPS PRESENTLY CONSISTS OF 14 SEPARATE COMPUTER PROGRAMS DESIGNED FOR USE IN THE IBM 360 OPERATING SYSTEM. THIS DOCUMENT, THE REFERENCE MANUAL, SUMMARIZED INFORMATION PERTAINING TO THE OPERATION OF THE UTPS PROGRAMS. IT IS INTENDED TO BE USED AS A CONCISE REFERENCE FOR PERSONS ALREADY FAMILIAR WITH THE USAGE OF THE PROGRAMS. SPECIFIC SECTIONS INCLUDE STATEMENTS OF SYSTEM CONTROLS, SUBJECT PROGRAM CONTROLS, PROGRAM WRITEUP ORGANIZATION, SOFTWARE SYSTEM DESCRIPTION CATALOGUED PROCEDURES, AND ACTUAL PROGRAM WRITEUPS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Computer programs KW - Manuals KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239629 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION (U.M.T.A.) TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM--NETWORK DEVELOPMENT MANUAL PY - 1972/09/15 SP - 79 p. AB - THE UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS) IS A SET OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR USE IN PLANNING MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE BASIC UTPS SOFTWARE IS AIMED AT THE MID-LEVEL OF ANALYSIS -- IE. SPECIFIC ROUTES AND CORRIDORS AS HAVE BEEN USED FOR TYPICAL AREAWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIES. ONE CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF THESE ANALYSES IS THE ABILITY TO ACCURATELY REPRESENT EXISTING AND PLANNED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THIS MANUAL PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE UTPS NETWORK ANALYSIS COMPUTER PROGRAMS WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO SIMULATE SUCH URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPECIFIC TOPICS COVERED IN THIS REPORT INCLUDE: NETWORK FUNCTIONS AND COMPONENTS, THE ACTUAL TRANSIT PLANNING PROGRAMS, PREPARATION OF NETWORK DATA AND MAPS, PROBLEM SITUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS, AND A DISCUSSION OF SPECIALIZED NETWORKS. PARAMETERS FOR THE VARIOUS PROGRAMS ARE COVERED IN THE APPENDICES. /AUTHOR/ KW - Computer programs KW - Manuals KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239641 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U. M. T. A. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM - NETWORK DEVELOPMENT MANUAL PY - 1972/09/15 SP - 97 p. AB - THE UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS) IS A SET OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR USE IN PLANNING MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE BASIC UTPS SOFTWARE IS AIMED AT THE MID-LEVEL OF ANALYSIS -- IE. SPECIFIC ROUTES AND CORRIDORS AS HAVE BEEN USED FOR TYPICAL AREAWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STUDIES. ONE CRITICAL ELEMENT OF THESE ANALYSES IS THE ABILITY TO ACCURATELY REPRESENT EXISTING AND PLANNED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. SPECIFIC TOPICS COVERED IN THIS REPORT INCLUDE: NETWORK FUNCTIONS AND COMPONENTS, THE ACTUAL TRANSIT PLANNING PROGRAMS, PREPARATION OF NETWORK DATA AND MAPS, PROBLEM SITUATIONS AND SOLUTIONS, AND A DISCUSSION OF SPECIALIZED NETWORKS. PARAMETERS FOR THE VARIOUS PROGRAMS ARE COVERED IN THE APPENDICES. KW - Classification KW - Computer programming KW - Information processing KW - Manuals KW - Mapping KW - Mathematical models KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00041866 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION (U.M.T.A.) TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM -- NETWORK DEVELOPMENT MANUAL PY - 1972/09/15 SP - 79 p. AB - The UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS) is a set of computer programs for use in planning multi-modal transportation systems. The basic UTPS software is aimed at the mid-level of analysis -- ie. specific routes and corridors as have been used for typical areawide transportation planning studies. One critical elements of these analyses is the ability to accurately represent existing and planned transportation systems. This manual provides an overview of the UTPS network analysis computer programs which are designed to simulate such urban transportation systems. Specific topics covered in this report include: network functions and components, the actual transit planning programs, preparation of network data and maps, problem situations and solutions, and a discussion of specialized networks. Parameters for the various programs are covered in the appendices. (Author) KW - City planning KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Public transit KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Trees (Mathematics) KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00041870 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION (U.M.T.A.) TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM -- REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1972/09/15 SP - 253 p. AB - The UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS) is a collection of IBM System/360 computer programs for use in planning multimodal transportation systems. The objective of UTPS is to provide readily available, easy-to-use and fully tested planning tools for transportation planners attempting to solve a wide variety of problems. UTPS presently consists of 14 separate computer programs designed for use in the IBM 360 operating system. This document, the reference manual, summarizes information pertaining to the operation of the UTPS programs. It is intended to be used as a concise reference for persons already familiar with the usage of the programs. Specific sections include statements of system controls, subject program controls, program writeup organization, software system description, catalogued procedures, and actual program writeups. (Author) KW - City planning KW - Computer programming languages KW - Computer programs KW - Jcl job controlled language KW - Jcl programming language KW - Job controlled language KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Public transit KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Trees (Mathematics) KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203704 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PHASE 1 SECTION A PROJECT MD-03-0004 PY - 1972/09 SP - 104 p. AB - A GRANT IS SOUGHT TO ASSIST IN THE FINAL DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND ACQUISITION OF LAND OF AN APPROXIMATE 8.5 MILE PORTION OF THE BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. SOME CONGESTION AND AIR POLLUTION AROUND FRINGE PARKING WILL INCREASE SLIGHTLY, BUT THE REDUCTION OF TOTAL VEHICLES GOING INTO CBD WILL REDUCE THE OVERALL CONGESTION AND IMPROVE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY. RELOCATION OF FORTY-SIX FAMILIES AND THIRTY-TWO BUSINESSMEN WILL BE REQUIRED. /NTIS/ KW - Air pollution KW - Congestion KW - Parking KW - Property acquisition KW - Rapid transit KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240739 AU - Wilbanks, T J AU - Hubbard, J C AU - Syracuse University TI - SPATIAL EQUILIBRIA IN NETWORK EVOLUTION PY - 1972/09 AB - THIS PAPER PROPOSES A FRAMEWORK OF THOUGHT FOR EVALUATING RANDOM GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCES ON THE COMPLEXITY OF A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK. IT SUGGESTS THAT, THROUGH TIME, A NETWORK EVOLVES TOWARD A PREDICTABLE LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY, OTHER THINGS EQUAL, AND PRESENTS SOME EXPERIMENTS WITH AN ALGORITHM TO PREDICT THIS LEVEL FOR NON-PLANAR GRAPHS. GRAPHS, ALGORITHMS AND FORMULAE ARE USED IN ORDER TO PREDICT FUTURE SITUATIONS BROUGHT ABOUT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY BY A NETWORK'S TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. FACTORS SUCH AS ENTROPY AND NETWORK EVOLUTION ARE THEREBY DISCUSSED. A BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE TRENDS RESULTING FROM THIS STATISTICAL STUDY IS ALSO DISCUSSED. THE AUTHORS HAVE COME TO THE CONCLUSION THAT FURTHER WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE TO EXPLORE THE COMPATIBILITY OF DEFINITIONS OF ENTROPY AS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT TOPOLOGICAL MEASURES IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS TO BIASED NETWORK-SIMULATION ALGORITHMS WHICH APPROACH REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS. KW - Algorithms KW - Complex variables KW - Entropy (Communications) KW - Evolution KW - Graphical analysis KW - Graphics KW - Land use KW - Networks KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Statistical analysis KW - Topology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242193 AU - Waddell, M C AU - Roesler, W J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - ANALYSIS OF SOME DUAL-MODE PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM OPERATIONS PY - 1972/09 SP - 182 p. AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF THREE STUDIES RELATING TO DUAL-MODE PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT (DM/PRT) OPERATION. THE FIRST IS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF USING TRAINS IN A DM/PRT SYSTEM TO INCREASE LINE CAPACITY, IT IS SHOWN THAT TRAINS CAN BE USED, THEREBY INCREASING CAPACITY TO AS MUCH AS 10,000 CARS PER HOUR, AND WITHOUT INCURRING EXCESSIVE DELAYS. IN THE SECOND, MEASURES FOR INSURING SAFE AND RELIABLE GUIDEWAY OPERATIONS ARE EXAMINED. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT EXTENSIVE CAR TESTING, INVOLVING COSTLY EQUIPMENT, MUST BE PERFORMED EACH TIME A CAR ENTERS ONTO THE GUIDEWAY, OR PALLETS MUST BE USED FOR GUIDEWAY TRAVEL. THE THIRD STUDY CONCERNS THE INITIAL COST OF A DM/PRT SYSTEM. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE OVERALL COST IS AT LEAST AS GREAT AS FOR AN ALL-GUIDEWAY SYSTEM, AND THAT ABOUT HALF OF THE COST IS FOR CARS. THUS PRIVATE CAR OWNERSHIP WOULD REDUCE SUBSTANTIALLY THE AMOUNT REQUIRING PUBLIC FINANCING. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capacity KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Testing KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202227 AU - Peterson, E AU - MITTELBACH, F G AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - BEFORE AND AFTER BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1972/09 SP - 63 p. AB - THE ACCURACY AND UTILITY OF BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION WAS INVESTIGATED. THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT WAS TO EXAMINE EXPECTED BENEFITS AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH PARTICULAR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS AND TO COMPARE THEM WITH ACTUAL RESULTS. BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH CONCEPTUAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS. THE SANTA ANA FREEWAY IN LOS ANGELES WAS A SELECTED CASE STUDY TO COMPARE EX ANTE-EX POST BENEFITS AND COSTS WITH REFERENCE TO TIME VALUE SAVINGS FOR FREEWAY USERS AND HIGHWAY COMMODITY SAVINGS. THE ANALYSIS REVEALED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BENEFITS AND COSTS ANTICIPATED AND THOSE WHICH WERE OBSERVED. ASSUMPTIONS IN THE EX-ANTE ANALYSIS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BENEFIT-COST STUDIES IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Drivers KW - Highway user characteristics KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travelers KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00206031 AU - Booz, Allen Applied Research Inc TI - TRANSIT BUS PROPULSION SYSTEMS-STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1972/08/10 SP - 89 p. AB - THE PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART OF PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY APPLICABLE TO THE 40-FOOT TRANSIT BUS IS REVIEWED. THE APPLICABLE PROGRAM, TRANSBUS, UTILIZES THE BEST AVAILABLE COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE, SUITABILITY AND PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY OF THE MOTOR COACH FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. MAJOR COVERAGE IS GIVEN TO DIESEL AND GAS TURBINE ENGINES. CLOSED-CYCLE ENGINES SUCH AS RANKINE AND STIRLING ENGINES ARE ALSO COVERED. POWER, WEIGHT, COST, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS, AS WELL AS TRANSMISSION AND POWER MANAGEMENT, ARE DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Costs KW - Diesel engines KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Environmental impacts KW - Gas turbines KW - Power KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rankine engines KW - State of the art studies KW - Turbine engines KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/96122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241812 AU - Johnson, Brickell, & Mulcahy TI - SHORT RANGE TRANSIT PLAN TOPEKA, KANSAS PY - 1972/08 SP - 96 p. AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE PROBLEMS OF THE TOPEKA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY, A PRIVATELY-OWNED ORGANIZATION. ALTHOUGH THERE IS A GREAT NEED FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE IN TOPEKA, THE COMPANY IS NEARING THE END OF ITS EXISTENCE DUE TO THE COMBINATION OF AGING BUSES, RISING COSTS, AND DECLINING PATRONAGE, AND, DUE TO EXISTING REVENUE/ COSTS STANDARDS, THE COMPANY CANNOT AFFORD TO PROVIDE SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT IMPROVEMENTS. THE REPORT ANALYZES THE MOST RECENT THREE YEAR-NINE MONTH PERIOD TO INDICATE TRANSIT LOSSES IN THE TOPEKA METROPOLITAN AREA (AN AVERAGE LOSS OF ALMOST $2,950 PER MONTH). DURING THE MOST RECENT NINE MONTHS, THE COMPANY HAS BEEN FORCED TO USE FUNDS EARMARKED FOR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDER TO SUBSIDEZE OPERATIONS AND AS A RESULT, THEY HAVE BEEN UNABLE TO IMPROVE ON SERVICE OR EQUIPMENT AND HAVE RECEIVED NO EARNINGS FROM INVESTMENTS. A SOLUTION IS PROPOSED WHICH WOULD SHIFT THE OWNERSHIP FROM PRIVATE TO PUBLIC AND THEREBY ENABLE THE THE TOPEKA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY TO OBTAIN FEDERAL GRANTS TO PURCHASE NEW EQUIPMENT. THERE ARE ALSO RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FARE STRUCTURE, OPERATING AUTHORITY, AND TRANSIT MANAGEMENT. THE PROPOSED PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO SHIFT EMPHASIS AWAY FROM A FAILING PRIVATE OPERATION TO PUBLIC SERVICE MORE RESPONSIVE TO THE COMMUNITY'S NEEDS. UNDER THE PROGRAM, THE FINANCIAL QUESTION OF WHETHER EACH ITEM WILL PAY ITS OWN WAY WOULD BE SUBORDINATED TO THE POTENTIAL PUBLIC BENEFITS FLOWING FROM THE CHANGE. THIS IS AN IMPORTANT SHIFT IN EMPHASIS WHICH MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED COMPLETELY BEFORE ANY OTHER IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE MADE, ACCORDING TO THE AUTHORS. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Shuttle service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242232 AU - BEENHAKKER, H L AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: SURVEY AND SYNTHESIS PY - 1972/08 SP - 47 p. AB - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IS ESTABLISHED BY RELATING SEVERAL EXISTING BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE, NOTING THEIR DEFICIENCIES, AND THEN FOCUSING ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF OPTIMAL IMPLEMENTATION TIMES OF TRANSPORT FACILITIES. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF INCOMMENSURABLE AND IMPUTED MONETARY IMPACTS OF TRANSPORT FACILITIES ARE PRESENTED. AN APPROACH WHICH CALLS FOR EMPLOYMENT OF CASUISTIC MODELS IN COMBINATION WITH SUBJECTIVE MODELS IS RECOMMENDED FOR TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS REQUIRING LARGE CAPITAL OUTLAYS. THE DISCUSSION INCLUDES EXAMINATION OF EXISTING DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING MODELS AS WELL AS NEW APPROCHES. KW - Computer programming KW - Economic impacts KW - Finance KW - Mathematical models KW - Quantifying KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Reviews KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242196 AU - Stoner, J W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - APPLICATION OF DEMAND ACTIVATED TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY TO IOWA CITY, IOWA PY - 1972/08 IS - 6 SP - 154 p. AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH IN DEMAND ACTIVATED TRANSIT SYSTEMS, MODE SPLIT TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ABSTRACT MODES, AND THE APPLICATION OF THIS RESEARCH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMAND RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS IN SMALL CITIES AS A COMPLEMENTARY SERVICE TO OTHER PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MODES. SPECIFIC IMPLICATIONS OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS TO IOWA CITY ARE ALSO DISCUSSED AND EVALUATED. EXTENSIVE FOOTNOTES AND A LARGE BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200562 AU - American University TI - CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION AND HUMAN NEEDS IN THE 70'S-THE SECOND PHASE PY - 1972/07/19 SP - 353 p. AB - THIS REPORT COVERS A CONFERENCE WHICH WAS HELD IN JULY 1972 AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY ON "TRANSPORTATION AND HUMAN NEEDS IN THE 1970'S". THE PURPOSE OF THE CONFERENCE WAS TO EXPLORE THE METHODS THAT ARE OR COULD BE EMPLOYED BY PUBLIC TRANSIT BODIES TO MEET THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF TRANSIT DEPENDENT GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES. THESE GROUPS INCLUDE: THE ELDERLY, HANDICAPPED PERSONS, YOUTH, THE URBAN POOR, THE RURAL POOR AND OTHER DEPRIVED OF THE REGULAR USE OF AN AUTOMOBILE IN ORDER TO REACH THEIR PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT. ATTENDEES INCLUDED REPRESENTATIVES OF GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS WHICH ARE FAMILIAR WITH THE NEEDS OF THE TRANSIT DEPENDENT POPULATION, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY, KNOWLEDGEABLE EXPERTS FROM FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, THE U.S. CONGRESS, INDUSTRY, LABOR, UNIVERSITIES AND OTHER INTERESTED GROUPS. THE REPORT INCLUDES FOUR BACKGROUND PAPERS WHICH WERE PREPARED FOR CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS, PAPERS WHICH WERE GIVEN AT THE CONFERENCES, REPORTS ON THE VARIOUS WORKSHOPS WHICH WERE HELD, RECOMMENDATIONS AND ACTIONS RESULTING FROM THE CONFERENCE, PARTICIPANTS VIEWS AND OPINIONS, A FORECAST OF THE FUTURE OF MASS TRANSIT FOR THE DISABLED AND DISADVANTAGED, AND A LIST OF PARTICIPANTS. /UMTA/ KW - Adolescents KW - Aged KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Governments KW - Minors KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226502 AU - Goodman, L AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: EXCLUSIVE BUS LANE - INTERSTATE 495-NEW JERSEY APROACH TO LINCOLN TUNNEL PY - 1972/07 SP - 38 p. AB - DECEMBER 18, 1970 MARKED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN EXCLUSIVE BUS LANE FOR EASTBOUND (CITY-BOUND) BUSES ALONG A 2.5 MILE STRETCH OF INTERSTATE 495 BETWEEN THE LINCOLN TUNNEL AND THE NEW JERSEY TURNPIKE. THIS EXPERIMENT WAS A PART OF THE U.S. STABLISHED QUICKLY AND AT A RELATIVELY LOW COST IN AN URBAN PROGRAM. THE PROJECT SERVES AS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW A SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT CAN BE AREA WHERE SEVERAL PLANNING AND OPERATING AGENCIES EXERCISE JURISDICTION. INCLUDED IA A DISCUSSION OF THE BUS ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND TRAFFIC-CONTROL DEVICES USED AS WELL AS THE PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGN WHICH WAS CARRIED OUT. SIGNIFICANT DATA ON THE PROJECT INCLUDE THE FACT THAT THE REVERSE-FLOW EXCLUSIVE LANE SHUTTLED THOUSANDS OF COMMUTERS DAILY AT A TIME SAVING VARYING FROM 10 TO 25 MINUTES. IN 1971, MORE THAN 206,000 BUSES AND 8.7 MILLION RIDERS USED THE LANE. DURING THE PEAK COMMUTING PERIOD AN AVERAGE OF 809 BUSES CARRYING 34,000 PASSENGERS USED THE LANE. FEW DELAYS WERE EXPERIENCED; DURING 1971 THERE WERE ONLY 25 STOPPAGES FOR SUCH DIVERSE REASONS AS ENGINE PROBLEMS, FLAT TIRES AND MECHANICAL CAUSES. THE SUCCESS OF THE PROJECT IS ESTABLISHED IN THE ANALYSIS OF COMMUTER RESPONSE SURVEYS, ETC. RESULTS SUGGEST THAT 2300 COMMUTERS HAVE BECOME BUS RIDERS SINCE THE LANE'S INCEPTION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Commuting KW - Public transit KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Ridership KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228296 AU - Rhome, R C AU - Pittsburgh University, Pittsburgh TI - A STRATEGY FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ROUTE--TECHNOLOGY SELECTION PY - 1972/07 SP - 170 p. AB - THE REPORT DEVELOPS A SIMULATION TECHNIQUE TO GUIDE THE SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE URBAN TRANSPORTATION ROUTE AND TECHNOLOGY CONFIGURATIONS. EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO TYPICAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESSES, TECHNICAL TRANSPORTATION DESIGN CRITERIA, AND OPERATING MANAGEMENT POLICY OPTIONS. THE MODEL SIMULATES INTERACTION BETWEEN DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION AND A SUPPLY FUNCTION BASED UPON AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY CONFIGURATIONS IS PROBABILISTICALLY ASSIGNED TO LINKS WITHIN A TRANSIT NETWORK UTILIZING A MINIMUM TIME PATH CRITERION. THE REPORT DESCRIBES CHARACTERISTICS OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION PARAMETERS, TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT, AND THE ROUTE-TECHNOLOGY SIMULATION MODEL. TO TEST THE MODEL IN APPLICATION, THE PITTSBURGH CENTRAL BUSINESS AREA WAS A SELECTED CASE STUDY. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE EFFECT OF DECREASING THE PROBABILITY FOR TRAVERSING THE NETWORK ALONG THE MINIMUM TIME PATH WAS TO PRODUCE AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION ROUTE-TECHNOLOGY CONFIGURATION. /UMTA/ KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Route choice KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190216 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1972/06 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of the Urban Mass Transportation's RD&D Program is to provide information about possible improvements to urban mass transportation systems which communities can use in selecting the best way to deal with their particular transportation requirements. The principle means of providing this information is to publish annually a compilation of reports on the status of UMTA's projects. Research projects are intended to produce information about possible improvements in urban mass transportation; development projects involve fabrication, testing and evaluation of new equipment, facilities, systems or methods; and demonstration projects introduce, on an experimental basis, new methods, equipment or systems of urban mass transportation into a representative urban environment. This volume lists and summarizes the research, development and demonstration projects, either initiated, active or completed as of 30 June 1972. Also included are projects funded under an earlier program of demonstration grants, authorized by the Housing Act of 1961. Since this compilation is cumulative, previous editions may be discarded. Future compilations will be supplements to this volume. This report contains Appendices A and B: "New Systems Studies" and "Conversion Tables of the Revised Project Numbers". The annual supplements are: "Improving Urban Mobility: A Directory of Research, Development and Demonstration Projects in Public Transportation, June 1973" and "Innovation in Public Transportation: A Directory of Research, Development and Demonstration Projects, June 1974 and Fiscal Years 1975 and 1976" (3 separate reports with the same title). All of these reports are available from the National Technical Information Service. The annual report for FY 77 will be available within the near future. /UMTA/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202230 AU - Falcocchio, J C AU - Pignataro, L J AU - Shane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn TI - MEASURING THE EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY ON INNER-CITY EMPLOYMENT PY - 1972/06 SP - 41 p. AB - THIS STUDY PRESENTS SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE MANNER IN WHICH TRANSPORTATION SERVICE TO JOB SITES INFLUENCES THE EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL OF LOW-INCOME WORKERS WHO INHABIT THE INNER CITY. IN ADDITION IT DESCRIBES AN EMPLOYMENT-ACCESSIBILITY MODEL WHICH CONSIDERS THE DIRECT RELATIONSHIP OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICE AND EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS IN A MANNER WHICH PERMITS QUANTIFICATION OF THE EXPECTED BENEFITS IN UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION THROUGH A PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY. UNLIKE OTHER STUDIES OF A SIMILAR NATURE THIS RESEARCH HAS DEMONSTRATED THE FEASIBILITY OF OBTAINING ESTIMATES OF UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION ATTRIBUTED TO PROPOSED ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENTS PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. THE IMPLICATIONS OF THESE FINDINGS ARE, THEREFORE, OF SIGNIFICANT IMPORTANCE IN EVALUATING THE WORTH OF A CAPITAL OR OPERATING EXPENDITURE FOR IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY, BECAUSE THEY WILL LEAD, HOPEFULLY, TO A MORE EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES IN THE QUEST FOR "OPTIMUM" TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Accessibility KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Cities KW - Innercity KW - Low income groups KW - Race KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226493 AU - Shaw, L AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn TI - OPTIMUM RAMP CONTROL FOR INCIDENT RESPONSE PY - 1972/06 AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES A RAMP CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO FREEWAY INCIDENTS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY IS TO OPTIMIZE OR MINIMIZE A WEIGHTED COMBINATION OF AFFECTED FREEWAY AND DIVERTED VEHICLES. THE MODEL OF QUEUE DYNAMICS USED WAS DEVELOPED IN EARLIER WORK AND IS OUTLINED IN THIS STUDY. THE CONTROL LAW RESULTING IS AN EXTREME SOLUTION (RAMP COMPLETELY OPEN OR COMPLETELY CLOSED), THE DECISION DEPENDING ON THE WEIGHT GIVEN TO DIVERTED VEHICLES AND ALSO ON MICROSCOPIC SYSTEM PARAMETERS. COMPARISONS AMONG CASES ARE MADE. EXTENSION TO PARTIAL BLOCKAGES ON MULTI-LANE FACILITIES IS DISCUSSED. THIS PAPER WAS ORIGINALLY PRESENTED AT THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD'S 52ND ANNUAL MEETING IN THE COMMITTEE SESSION ON TRAFFIC FLOW THEORY AND CHARACTERISTICS IN JANUARY 1973. KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Planning KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Ramps KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00203673 AU - Nathenson, R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT STATION DESIGN PY - 1972/06 SP - 128 p. AB - LITTLE QUANTITATIVE WORK HAS BEEN DONE ON THE STATION DESIGN FOR PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THIS STUDY DESCRIBES CERTAIN EXISTING STATION DESIGNS & SUGGESTS SEVERAL OTHERS. VALUES OF IMPORTANT PARAMETERS FOR EACH DESIGN ARE GIVEN BY CALCULATION. COMPARISON OF THE STATION TYPES IN THIS REPORT REVEALS THAT THE LINEAR BAY ARRANGEMENT IS OVERALL THE MOST DESIRABLE, BECAUSE IT OFFERS BOTH THE SHORTEST STATION TIME AND NEEDS THE LEAST LAND AREA. THERE ARE ILLUSTRATIVE TABLE, DRAWINGS AND CHARTS AS WELL AS A LIST OF REFERENCES. KW - Design KW - Design data KW - Linear structures KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/95353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240128 AU - Bailey, R F AU - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn TI - THE TRAVEL PATTERNS OF PERSONS RESIDING IN HIGH-DENSITY URBAN AREAS PY - 1972/06 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP A MODEL TO PROJECT THE TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS OF PERSONS RESIDING IN HIGH-DENSITY AREAS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE INTEGRATION OF URBAN RENEWAL AND TRANSPORTATION PLANS. THREE SECONDARY OBJECTIVES WERE TO: (1) GENERATE VARIOUS REGRESSION EQUATIONS THAT COULD PREDICT THE NUMBER OF TRIPS PER DWELLING UNIT; (2) VALIDATE EXISTING REGRESSION TECHNIQUES; AND (3) INDICATE POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE DATA COLLECTED. A FOUR PHASE COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCEDURE WAS USED: (1) AN INVENTORY OF EXISTING CONDITIONS; (2) FUTURE PUBLIC POLICY DECISIONS; (3) ESTIMATES OF FUTURE URBAN AREA GROWTH; AND (4) ESTIMATES OF FUTURE TRAVEL DEMANDS. THESE BASIC VARIABLES WERE USED TO SYNTHESIZE DATA INPUTS TO THE MODEL. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE STUDY AREA, THE CONEY ISLAND SECTION OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, AND A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF ITS EXISTING FACILITIES IS PROVIDED, THIS AREA WAS SELECTED BECAUSE IT CONTAINED FOUR MAJOR HIGH-RISE HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS AND AN AMPLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. A SURVEY OF LOCAL HOUSEHOLDS WAS CONDUCTED USING TWO TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRES. A "LONG FORM" WAS EMPLOYED TO OBTAIN GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT PERSONS IN THE STUDY AREA; A "DIARY" FORMAT WAS USED TO RECORD DATA ABOUT VARIOUS TRIPS MADE DURING THE STUDY. A DETAILED EXPANSION PROCEDURE WAS DEVELOPED TO APPLY THE SAMPLE DATA TO LARGER AREAS. ALL RELEVANT EQUATIONS AND DATA TABLES ARE REPRODUCED IN THE REPORT. IN ADDITION, A REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS USED TO CORRELATE THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIFFERENT OBSERVED CHARACTERISTICS. ALL BUT ONE OF THE EQUATIONS PROVED TO HAVE REPLICATIVE VALUE, AND THE MODEL PROVED TO BE AN ADEQUATE PREDICTOR OF TRANSIT DEMAND. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Regression analysis KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242231 AU - Metro Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority TI - ATLANTA MODEL CITIES SHUTTLE BUS - EVALUATION OF MODEL CITIES SHUTTLE BUS SYSTEM 1969-1972 PY - 1972/05 SP - 95 p. AB - IN JUNE, 1969, A SHUTTLE TRANSIT SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WAS INITIATED IN THE ATLANTA MODEL CITIES AREA. THE MODEL CITIES AGENCY WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL PHASES OF OPERATION UNTIL AUGUST 1971 AT WHICH TIME THE METROPOLITAN ATLANTA RAPID TRANSIT AUTHORITY ASSUMED A NUMBER OF ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS INCLUDING PROMOTION AND EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEM. THIS STUDY WAS PREPARED AS PART OF MARTA'S EVALUATION TO GIVE A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE SHUTTLE SERVICE, DETAIL THE FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE SERVICE, DETERMINE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PASSENGERS, AND TO EVALUATE THE ENTIRE SYSTEM'S PERFORMANCE AND THE PROMOTION PROGRAM WHICH WAS DEVELOPED UNDER MARTA SUPERVISION. A HOME INTERVIEW SURVEY OF RIDERS AND NON-RIDERS WAS CONDUCTED COVERING TRIP MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF PASSENGERS, REASONS FOR USE AND NON-USE OF SHUTTLE, AND TO EVALUATE THE RESULTS OF THE PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM. SURVEY RESULTS AND QUESTIONNAIRES ARE INCLUDED IN THE APPENDICES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Inner cities KW - Model Cities Program KW - Ridership KW - Shuttle service KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00083584 AU - Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority TI - BUS AND RAIL EVALUATION, FINAL REPORT PROJECT MICH. T9-1 PY - 1972/05 SP - 502 p. AB - This report covers the state of bus and rail transportation in the six counties of Southeastern Michigan. The report is in five parts. Part one is an overall description of the technical study including the history of the Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority, the scope of the project and a description of the methodology. Reviews and comments are also included in this section. Part II contains an in-depth analysis of the physical assets of the bus systems, financial records, and maintenance and operating practices of eight bus systems. The third section contains a general description of an operating plan for the regional bus transportation system under SEMTA ownership and operation for the period 1970-1980. Discussed are an initial development phase during which the process of unification will be completed, the study of and implementation of improvements, and financial estimates. The fourth section is a report on commuter rail transportation with an introduction covering purposes and methodologies, and particular studies of specific corridors. The last section concerns a research and concept design project concerned with express bus service to inner city and suburban employment areas, dealing with locations of employment areas and residential areas of the unemployed in an effort to reduce unemployment through improved public transportation. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Economics KW - Express buses KW - Finance KW - Inner cities KW - Intercity transportation KW - Methodology KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Unemployment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/22726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00081013 AU - San Jose-Palo Alto Transit Authority TI - SAN-JOSE-PALO ALTO BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PLAN PY - 1972/05 SP - 278 p. AB - In late 1970, a new concept of bus transit was developed to meet the transportation problems of San Jose and Palo Alto, California. A planning grant was received by UMTA to plan a new system in sufficient detail to permit a demonstration project. Emphasis was placed on customer-tailored transit service and on restructuring incentives that affect the use of public transit by individuals and its support by local institutions. The project entailed a comprehensive redesign of bus services in both cities. The innovations included every element of the transit systems---every route, management and promotional methods, means of financing, community involvement, etc. The service in the 2 cities was not interconnected at that time; the present Southern Pacific commuter rail and Greyhound Intercity service continued to serve the area between cities. The proposed demonstration system was founded on a number of system elements or experimental variables---. CDAC routes, triangular financing, incentive program, bus preferential traffic system, fare collection system, marketing program, tailored service to special markets, and information center. The most important innovation of the project was community involvement. Among the appendices are the base system design, bus data and design, combined deamnd-actuated conventional service, triangular financing, evaluation plan and consumer clinics. Figures, tables, photographs and maps are included. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare collection KW - Incentives KW - Marketing KW - Public relations KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/21723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228300 AU - Stabler, E AU - Margolis, H AU - Ugel, S F AU - Institute for Defense Analyses AU - Syst Anal Div TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME III--BUS TRANSIT PY - 1972/05 SP - 90 p. AB - THIS STUDY IS INTENDED TO: (1) SUMMARIZE, AGGREGATE, AND EXTRACT THE ESSENSE OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (RD&D) PROJECTS, TRANSIT INNOVATIONS AND RECENT URBAN EXPERIENCES; (2) DEVELOP CATEGORIZATION OF SUBJECT MATTER IN THE FIELD OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RD&D; (3) IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS MAJOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN EACH CATEGORY; (4) ACCESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF OVERCOMING THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES; AND (5) DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF OR ENLARGED EMPHASIS ON PREVIOUS OR ONGOING UMTA RD&D PROGRAM AREAS. THE PURPOSE OF RD&D IS TO DEVELOP, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SPECTRUM OF FEASIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS WHICH CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO SOLVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THE SIX VOLUMES ARE: SUMMARY, UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS, BUS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, IN VOLUME III, URBAN BUS SYSTEMS ARE DESCRIBED AND RELATED TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION MODES. MARKET FOR BUS TRANSIT AND COSTS ARE DISCUSSED AND THE IMPACTS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT ON RIDERS, OPERATORS, THE PUBLIC AND INDUSTRY ARE PRESENTED. AREA STUDIES INCLUDES BUS TECHNOLOGY, BUS TRAFFIC SYSTEMS AND SERVICE INNOVATIONS, AND BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO BUSWAYS AND INFORMATION ON FOREIGN INNOVATIONS IS INCLUDED. APPENDIX "A" IS "RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN BUS TRANSIT: TWO EXAMPLES" AND APPENDIX "B" IS "FOREIGN BUS TRANSIT INNOVATIONS: SELECTED EXAMPLES." A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223946 AU - Valaas, A M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - ARCHIMEDEAN-SCREW ACCELERATORS FOR AUTOMATIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1972/05 SP - 82 p. AB - CONTINUOUS-FLOW AUTOMATIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS KNOWN AS PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT OR PEOPLE MOVERS REQUIRE AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF ACCELERATION AND MERGING OF INDIVIDAUL VEHICLES INTO THE MAINLINE. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES WORK DONE IN DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL ACCELERATOR WHICH PERFORMS THIS TASK. A VARIABLE-PITCH SCREW THE LENGTH OF THE ACCELERATION LANE WAS CHOSEN AS THE MOST PRACTICAL METHOD. THE VARIOUS GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND RELATIONSHIPS WERE STUDIED, INCLUDING FORCE LEVELS AND EFFICIENCIES. CONSTRAINTS ON THE DESIGN ARE ALSO LISTED. A SCREW WAS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR A MODEL OF THE PROPOSED PALLETED AUTOMATIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, OBSERVING AND PASSENGER-COMFORT LIMITS ON JERK AND ACCELERATION. TWO SCREWS, ONE OF FABRICATED CONSTRUCTION AND THE OTHER MACHINED, WERE BUILT AND TESTED. BOTH SUCCESSFULLY ACCELERATED PALLETS TO A FINAL VELOCITY OF FOUR FEET PER SECOND, AND THE MACHINED SCREW PERFORMED QUITE SMOOTHLY. A METHOD OF SWITCHING PALLETS IS ALSO DESCRIBED. ILLUSTRATIONS AND A LIST OF REFERENCES IS INCLUDED. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Automatic control KW - Design KW - Guideways KW - Passenger comfort KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239449 AU - Fricker, J D AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - ECONOMIC EFFICENCY, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, AND MEASURABLE SOCIAL BENEFITS IN URBAN MASS TRANSIT OPERATIONS PY - 1972/05 AB - A FORMULATION OF "NET SOCIAL GAIN" IS USED TO ANALYZE THE PUBLIC ACQUISITION AND OPERATION OF URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THE AUTHOR CONTENDS THAT PRESENT "TAKEOVER" DECISIONS OFTEN SUFFER FROM A LIMITED PRESPECTIVE; IN THIS SENSE, THE FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF PRIVATE OWNERS ARE MERELY TRANSFERRED TO THE PUBLIC SECTOR. THE REPORT ATTEMPTS TO IMPROVE EXISTING TAKEOVER ANALYSES BY DEFINING OPTIMAL PARAMETERS FOR TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN A GIVEN CONTEXT. THE REPORT DEVELOPS A MODEL OF URBAN TRANSIT DEMAND WITH WHICH OPTIMIZED STRATEGIES FOR PEAK-HOUR AND DAY-LONG BUS OPERATIONS CAN BE SYNTHESIZED. THE RESULT IS AN IDEALIZED SYSTEM WHICH CAN BE OPERATED BY EITHER PUBLIC OR PRIVATE MANAGEMENT. BY COMPUTING THE RELATIVE COSTS OF PRIVATE PROFIT-TAKING AND PUBLIC INEFFICIENCY, THE MODEL CAN THUS PROVIDE AN "ADDED DIMENSION" TO TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING. THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT FOUR MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS AFFECT THE NET SOCIAL GAIN OTHERWISE AFFORDED BY PUBLIC OWNERSHIP. THESE INCLUDE: (1) MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY (WHICH MAY DECLINE IN THE ABSENCE OF FREE MARKET COMPETITION); (2) SOCIAL COST CONSTRAINTS (WHICH ULTIMATELY REGULATE THE ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC REVENUES AMONG ALTERNATIVES); (3) TAKEOVER COSTS; AND (4) AVERSION TO GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION. THE MODEL THUS PROVIDES A QUANTITATIVE PROCEDURE FOR TAKEOVER ANALYSIS WHICH COMPARES THE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE OPERATION IN A BROAD PERSPECTIVE. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Management KW - Ownership KW - Private transportation KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242216 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT FOR LUBBOCK'S FUTURE PY - 1972/04 SP - 131 p. AB - IN AN EFFORT TO PROVIDE IMPROVED TRANSIT TO THOSE WHO ARE WITHOUT THE USE OF AN AUTOMOBILE AND TO ATTRACT AUTOMOBILE USERS TO MASS TRANSIT THE CITY OF LUBBOCK HAS ESTABLISHED AN ELEVEN POINT PROGRAM BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION OF PUBLIC ACQUISITION. THE TOPICS UNDER THE ELEVEN POINTS INCLUDE PUBLIC ACQUISITION, CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS, OPERATING DEFICITS, AND SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE EVENT THAT THE SYSTEM DOES NOT BECOME PUBLICALLY OWNED, THERE IS A TWELFTH POINT IN WHICH IT IS SUGGESTED THAT PRIVATELY OWNED JITNEYS MIGHT SATISFY CITIZEN MOBILITY NEEDS. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE VARIOUS CONSIDERATIONS (FINANCIAL, RIDERSHIP, PUBLIC ATTITUDES, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION, TRIP PATTERNS, ADEQUACY OF SERVICE, ETC.) ON WHICH THE PLAN IS DEPENDENT. THE PLAN IS THEN PRESENTED IN DEPTH. MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE AN OUTLINE OF ROUTES, A DISCUSSION OF THE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, THE PUBLIC INFORMATION AND SERVICE PROMOTION PROGRAMS WHICH INCLUDE STUDENT FARES, SENIOR CITIZEN FARES AND SHOPPER FARES. THE CONTINGENCY PLAN (POINT TWELVE) AND A LONG-RANGE PLAN ARE ALSO PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Financing KW - Jitneys KW - Ownership KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242199 AU - McLynn, J M AU - Heller, J E AU - Watkins, R G AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MOBILITY MEASURES FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1972/04 SP - 76 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO EXTEND, REFINE AND APPLY PREVIOUS RESEARCH OF UMTA IN DEVELOPING MOBILITY MEASURES IN ORDER TO EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS. MOBILITY IN THIS STUDY IS REGARDED AS BEING DETERMINED BY THE REAL AND OBSERVED PERFORMANCE OF A TRANSIT SYSTEM IN A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT. IT IS DEFINED AS A QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM'S PERFORMANCE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE RIDER. THE PARTICULAR CONSIDERATIONS VIEWED IN THIS REPORT ARE HOW MUCH MOVEMENT IS PROVIDED TO THE RIDERS AND WITH WHAT FACILITY. IN CHAPTER ONE A FORMULA IS DEVELOPED WHICH STATES THAT MOBILITY IS EQUAL TO THE TOTAL SERVICE USED TIMES THE PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF SERVICE. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROUPS AND MOBILITY MEASURES IS EXPLORED IN CHAPTER TWO VIA THE MECHANISM OF FARES. THE MOBILITY MEASURE IS APPLIED TO THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY PROJECT IN CHAPTER THREE IN ORDER TO SHOW ITS APPLICATION TO REAL SITUATIONS. OTHER POTENTIAL AREAS OF APPLICATION ARE DISCUSSED IN CHAPTER FOUR. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Mobility KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Ridership KW - Social factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00202229 AU - Lee, D B AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE COSTS OF PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE USAGE TO THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO PY - 1972/04 SP - 43 p. AB - THIS ANALYSIS OF THE COSTS OF AUTOMOBILES TO THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO IS BASED ON FISCAL 1969-70 FIGURES FROM THE CONTROLLERS OFFICE AMONG OTHER SOURCES. TOTALING CAR-RELATED EXPENDITURES AND CAR-RELATED REVENUE, THE DEFICIT TO THE CITY IS OVER $12 MILLION, THEREFORE SUBSIDIES FOR AUTO-RELATED FACILITIES AND ACTIVITIES COME FROM GENERAL REVENUE. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR ELIMINATING THIS SUBSIDY: CAR AND ACCESSORY SALES, ANNUAL REGISTRATION, PARKING AND GASOLINE TAXES, AND ARRANGEMENTS WITH OTHER UNITS OF GOVERNMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Cities KW - Expenditures KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240720 AU - Tarr, J A AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - TRANSPORTATION INNOVATION AND CHANGING SPATIAL PATTERNS: PITTSBURGH, 1850-1910 PY - 1972/04 AB - IN 1850 PITTSBURGH HAD NO FORM OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND WAS CHARACTERIZED BY MIXED LAND USES AND IRREGULAR RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS. INTRODUCTION OF THE HORSECAR AND THE COMMUTER RAILROAD HAD BY 1888 CONTRIBUTED TO DISPERSION OF THE POPULATION ALONG CORRIDORS. CABLE CARS AND ELECTRIC STREETCARS FURTHER ACCELERATED A TREND TOWARD SPECIALIZED BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL LAND USES IN THE CENTER CITY. BY 1910 THE CBD WAS LARGELY DEVOTED TO COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE USES STAFFED BY WHITE COLLAR WORKERS WHO USED STREETCARS AND COMMUTER RAIL FOR THE DAILY JOURNEY TO AND FROM OUTLYING RESIDENTIAL AREAS. DURING THE PERIOD UNDER STUDY, DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IMPROVED MOBILITY WITHIN THE CITY AND LED TO CHANGES IN SPATIAL PATTERNS. MANAGEMENT, HOWEVER, WAS HAPHAZARD; NEW LINES WERE FREQUENTLY EXTENDED TO AREAS OF MARGINAL DEMAND; AND, BY FAILING TO CONCENTRATE THEIR ATTENTION ON INPROVING RIDERSHIP AND SHORT-HAUL SERVICE, THE OPERATORS OF THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM WERE UNPREPARED TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY WITH THE AUTOMOBILE, WHICH BY 1910 HAD BECOME AN ECCEPTED COMMUTER MODE. CONSEQUENTLY, SERVICE AND PATRONAGE IN THE PITTSBURGH SYSTEM HAD BEGUN TO ERODE YEARS EARLIER THAN IN OTHER MAJOR CITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - History KW - Horse drawn vehicles KW - Land use KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Residential areas KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242060 AU - Atlanta, City of TI - THE TOWN FLYER SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE: A CENTRAL CITY PARK-AND- RIDE SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE FOR COMMUTERS PY - 1972/04 AB - THE ATLANTA "TOWN FLYER" SHUTTLE BUS PROGRAM IS DESCRIBED TO DEMONSTRATE THE FEASIBILITY OF A SHORT-HAUL TRANSIT LINK BETWEEN CENTER CITY DESTINATIONS AND PERIPHERAL PARKING FACILITIES. RUSH HOUR AUTOMOBILE COMMUTERS WERE PROVIDED WITH LOW-COST PARKING AND RAPID, SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE INTO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. SERVICE OPERATIONS ARE SUMMARIZED WITH REFERENCE TO EQUIPMENT, PARKING LOTS, ROUTES AND STOPS, SERVICE LEVEL, FARE STRUCTURE, RIDERSHIP TRENDS, AND HEADWAYS. SPECIFIC RESEARCH UNDERTAKINGS EXAMINED RIDER CHARACTERISTICS, USAGE PATTERNS, CAR POOLING, DIVERSION OF REGULAR BUS RIDERS, RIDER ATTITUDES, AND MARKET INCENTIVES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT: (1) A MARKET DOES EXIST FOR A SHORT-HAUL COMMUTER-ORIENTED PARK-AND-RIDE SHUTTLE SERVICE. (2) COST ADVANTAGE IS THE INITIAL INCENTIVE FOR NEW RIDERS, BUT SECONDARY INCENTIVES DEVELOP DURING REGULAR USE. (3) MARKETING AND ADVERTISING REACHED ONLY A SMALL NUMBER OF POTENTIAL RIDERS. (4) LOW-LEVEL MARKETING EFFORTS WERE VALUABLE IN DEVELOPING PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THE SERVICE, BUT WERE NOT SUFFICIENTLY CONVINCING TO STIMULATE USAGE. (5) SELECTIVE CHANGES IN SERVICE LEVELS DID NOT APPRECIABLY AFFECT OVERALL RIDERSHIP. (6) SCHEDULED HEADWAYS ARE DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN ON A SHORT-HAUL SERVICE. (7) THE AREAS OF GREATEST USAGE WERE THOSE WHERE THE PARKING SUPPLY WAS MOST LIMITED AND EXPENSIVE. (8) NEVER DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM DID REVENUES EXCEED COST. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Fares KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Headways KW - Park and ride KW - Parking lots KW - Private transportation KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242238 AU - Kamrass, M AU - Margolis, H AU - Ugel, S F AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME V--NEW SYSTEMS PY - 1972/03 SP - 115 p. AB - THIS STUDY IS INTENDED TO: (1) SUMMARIZE, AGGREGATE, AND EXTRACT THE ESSENSE OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (RD&D) PROJECTS, TRANSIT INNOVATIONS AND RECENT URBAN EXPERIENCES; (2) DEVELOP CATEGORIZATION OF SUBJECT MATTER IN THE FIELD OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RD&D; (3) IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS MAJOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN EACH CATEGORY; (4) ACCESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF OVERCOMING THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES; AND (5) DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF OR ENLARGED EMPHASIS ON PREVIOUS OR ONGOING UMTA RD&D PROGRAM AREAS. THE PURPOSE OF RD&D IS TO DEVELOP, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SPECTRUM OF FEASIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS WHICH CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO SOLVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THE SIX VOLUMES ARE: SUMMARY, UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS, BUS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. A SUMMARY OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IS PRESENTED IN THIS REPORT, VOLUME V. TECHNOLOGY, LEGAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS AND THE CURRENT STATUS OF DIAL-A-RIDE ARE DISCUSSED. APPENDIX IS "DIAL-A-RIDE AND THE POOR." IN REVIEW OF PRT AND DUAL-MODE, TOPICS ARE TYPES OF PRT AND DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS, COMPARISON OF DUAL-MODE VERSUS PRT3 PLUS FEEDER BUS, COMMENTS ON R&D FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY OPERATIONS AND THE NEED FOR RISK INSURANCE. INFORMATION ON FOREGIN SYSTEMS AND RESEARCH IS INCLUDED AND AMONG THOSE DISCUSSED ARE THE OVERWATER TRANSIT ON THE THAMES IN LONDON, MOVING WALKWAYS IN SOUTH AFRICA, TOKYO'S MONORAIL, DIAL-A-BUS IN EMMEN, THE NETHERLANDS, AND INCORPORATION OF INTERMODAL INTEGRATION INTO THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HAMBURG. REFERENCES ARE FURNISHED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00261999 AU - Kamrass, M AU - Stabler, E AU - KLAUDER, L T AU - Ugel, S F AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME IV--RAIL TRANSIT SN - VA-06-0007 PY - 1972/03 SP - 187 p. AB - This study is intended to: (1) summarize, aggregate, and extract the essense of results of research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects, transit innovations and recent urban experiences; (2) develop categorization of subject matter in the field of Urban Mass Transportation RD&D; (3) identify and discuss major areas of insufficient knowledge in each category; (4) access the relative importance of overcoming the identified deficiencies; and (5) develop recommendations for the continuation of or enlarged emphasis on previous or ongoing UMTA RD&D program areas. The purpose of RD&D is to develop, demonstrate and evaluate a spectrum of feasible improvements in urban mass transportation technology and methods which can be implemented to solve local transportation problems. The six volumes are; Summary, UMTA RD&D Findings and Projects, Bus Transit Rail Transit, New Systems, and Systems Analysis. This report, Volume IV, contains an overview of rail systems. In section on rapid rail vehicles and systems, state-of-the-art in rapid transit and research requirements are discussed. Appendices are "Evaluation of the Rapid Transit Extention to Cleveland's Airport" and "Impact of the Proposed Allegancy County Transit Expressway." Survey of recent trends and UMTA RD&D projects in commuter rail transit follows, with a discussion of impact and potential. Appendix entitled, "GO Transit" A New Approach to Urban Technology." Rail systems and technology topics include vehicles and equipment, electrification, train protection and system control, communications, fare collection, shop facilities, track, and personal security. Discussion of foreign rail developments includes numerous cities throughout world. References are furnished. /UMTA/ KW - Data plotters KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Skidding KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/135039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239570 AU - Buck, P B AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME II--UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS PY - 1972/03 SP - 122 p. AB - THIS STUDY IS INTENDED TO: (1) SUMMARIZE, AGGREGATE, AND EXTRACT THE ESSENSE OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (RD&D) PROJECTS, TRANSIT INNOVATIONS AND RECENT URBAN EXPERIENCES; (2) DEVELOP CATEGORIZATION OF SUBJECT MATTER IN THE FIELD OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RD&D; (3) IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS MAJOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN EACH CATEGORY; (4) ACCESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF OVERCOMING THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES; AND (5) DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF OR ENLARGED EMPHASIS ON PREVIOUS OR ONGOING UMTA RD&D PROGRAM AREAS. THE PURPOSE OF RD&D IS TO DEVELOP, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SPECTRUM OF FEASIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS WHICH CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO SOLVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THE SIX VOLUMES ARE: SUMMARY, UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS, BUS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. THE PRIMARY BASIS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT, VOLUME II, IS THE UMTA CATEGORIZATION SYSTEM. THE FIVE PRIMARY CATEGORIES ARE BUS TRANSIT, RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, SYSTEMS ANALYISS, AND PLANNING AND SERVICE DEVELOPMENT. REVIEW OF UMTA RD&D PROGRAM IS COVERED IN DETAIL, INVOLVING REVIEW OF APPROXIMATELY 90 AVAILABLE REPORTS INITIATED SINCE JANUARY 1, 1969. AFTER REVIEW OF PROJECT, FINDINGS WERE EXTRACTED AND CATEGORIZED ACCORDING TO IMPACT AREA; THEN AGGREGATED AND SUMMARIZED. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS FURNISHED. THE APPENDIX IS "PROJECT CATEGORIZATION." /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242237 AU - Kamrass, M AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME VI--SYSTEMS ANALYSIS PY - 1972/03 SP - 102 p. AB - THIS STUDY IS INTENDED TO: (1) SUMMARIZE, AGGREGATE, AND EXTRACT THE ESSENSE OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (RD&D) PROJECTS, TRANSIT INNOVATIONS AND RECENT URBAN EXPERIENCES; (2) DEVELOP CATEGORIZATION SUBJECT MATTER IN THE FIELD OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RD&D; (3) IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS MAJOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN EACH CATEGORY; (4) ACCESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF OVERCOMING THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES; AND (5) DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF OR ENLARGED EMPHASIS ON PREVIOUS OR ONGOING UMTA RD&D PROGRAM AREAS. THE PURPOSE OF RD&D IS TO DEVELOP, DEMONSTRATE AND EVALUATE A SPECTRUM OF FEASIBLE IMPROVEMENTS ON URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS WHICH CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO SOLVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THE SIX VOLUMES ARE; SUMMARY, UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS, BUS TRANSIT RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. IN THE INTRODUCTION OF VOLUME VI, A DESCRIPTION OF INTERMODAL INTEGRATION IS OFFERED AND GENERAL FORMS OF TRANSPORT INTEGRATION DISCUSSED ALONG WITH RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. UNDER TOPIC OF ADMINISTRATIVE INTEGRATION, MERGERS, FORMATION OF A CONSORTIUM, ASSOCIATION OR OPERATING COMPANY, ROUTE SECTION ASSOCIATION, WORK SHARING, LIMITED AGREEMENTS AND SPECIAL PURPOSE COOPERATION ARE PRESENTED. SCOPE OF SERVICE INTEGRATION IS PUT FORTH AND COMBINED FARES, COMMUNITY FARES AND SCHEDULE AND ROUTE COORDINATION DISCUSSED. TERMINALS, EQUIPMENT, STANDARDIZATION OF FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT, PASSENGER INFORMATION AND INTEGRATION THROUGH DUAL MODE TECHNOLOGY ARE INCLUDED IN PRESENTATION ON SYSTEM INTEGRATION. EXAMPLES OF TRANSPORT INTEGRATION IN MAJOR U.S. CITIES AND FOREIGN ACTIVITIES DISCUSSED. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND APPENDICES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239569 AU - Buck, P B AU - Kamrass, M AU - Margolis, H AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - THE STATE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION: VOLUME I--SUMMARY PY - 1972/03 AB - THIS STUDY IS INTENDED TO: (1) SUMMARIZE, AGGREGATE, AND EXTRACT THE ESSENSE OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION (RD&D) PROJECTS, TRANSIT INNOVATIONS AND RECENT URBAN EXPERIENCES; (2) DEVELOP CATEGORIZATION OF SUBJECT MATTER IN THE FIELD OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION RD&D; (3) IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS MAJOR AREAS OF INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE IN EACH CATEGORY; (4) ACCESS THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF OVERCOMING THE IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES; AND (5) DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF OR ENLARGED EMPHASIS ON PREVIOUS OR ONGOING UMTA RD&D PROGRAM AREAS. THE PURPOSE OF RD&D IS TO DEVELOP, DEMONSTRATE, AND EVALUATE A SPECTRUM OF FEASIBLE IMPROVEMENTS IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS WHICH CAN BE IMPLEMENTED TO SOLVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. THE SIX VOLUMES ARE: SUMMARY, UMTA RD&D FINDINGS AND PROJECTS, BUS TRANSIT, RAIL TRANSIT, NEW SYSTEMS, AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. THIS REPORT, VOLUME I, CONTAINS THE SUMMARIES, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EACH OF THE SUBSEQUENT VOLUMES. EVERY COMPLETED UMTA PROJECT WAS CATEGORIZED AS INDICATED IN TABLE 2 AND BY TRANSIT MISSION, RD&D AREA, PROBLEM ADDRESSED AND PROPOSED SOLUTION CATEGORIES. REPORTS WERE REVIEWED AND FINDINGS EXTRACTED BASED ON SIGNIFICANCE TO FURTHER RD&D EFFORTS. SYNTHESES OF FINDINGS WERE PRESENT FOR TOPICS OF BUS TECHNOLOGY, BUS TRAFFIC SYSTEMS AND SERVICE INNOVATIONS, BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, RAPID RAIL VEHICLES AND SYSTEMS, COMMUTER RAIL AND LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES AND SYSTEMS, RAIL SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY, NEW SYSTEMS, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND PLANNING RESEARCH. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00209761 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - M. I. T. TEST SECTION INSTRUMENTATION, MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY HAYMARKET-NORTH EXTENSION - ADDENDUM TO REPORT PY - 1972/03 SP - 58 p. AB - THE FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO DEVELOP A UNIQUE COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYZING THE PERFORMANCE OF BRACED EXCAVATIONS IN TEST SECTIONS OF A CUT-AND-COVER SUBWAY. FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAMS PERMIT THE ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUSLY UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS; ELEMENT TYPE, METHOD OF LOAD APPLICATION, ELEMENT GRID SIZE, AND INPUT MATERIAL PROPERTIES ARE A FEW OF THE VARIABLES WHICH DETERMINE THE ACCURACY OF SIMULATIONS USING THIS METHOD. THE REPORT EXAMINES SEVEN LIMITATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF THE LATEST VERSION OF THE PROGRAM, CALLED BRACE II. A COMPLETE PRINTOUT OF THE BRACED EXCAVATION ANALYSIS IS PROVIDED. /UMTA/ KW - Bracing KW - Civil engineering KW - Computer programs KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavations KW - Finite element method UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00209762 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - M. I. T. TEST SECTION INSTRUMENTATION, MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY HAYMARKET-NORTH EXTENTION - FINAL PROJECT REPORT PY - 1972/03 SP - 366 p. AB - THREE OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH WERE TO: (1) DEVELOP A METHOD FOR ANALYZING BRACED EXCAVATIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF SOIL MECHANICS AND THE FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE; (2) PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE UNDRAINED BEHAVIOR OF BRACED EXCAVATIONS IN CLAY; AND (3) PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO INSTRUMENTED SECTIONS OF A BRACED EXCAVATION. THE RESEARCH WAS INTENDED TO ILLUMINATE DESIGN AND ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO LOAD FACTORS APPLIED TO BRACE SHEETING, THE TRANSFER OF LOADS TO THE BRACING SYSTEM, GROUND MOVEMENTS AND CHANGES IN WATER HYDROLOGY DUE TO CONSTRUCTION, AND OTHER QUESTIONS. THE FINITE ELEMENT TECHNIQUE WAS USED TO DEVELOP A UNIQUE COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PREDICTING MOVEMENTS IN THE SOIL MASS AND THE RETAINING WALL, STRESSES ON THE WALL, AND LOADS IN THE STRUTS. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A USER'S GUIDE FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF THE BRACE PROGRAM. THE REPORT CONTAINS BOTH ACTUAL AND ESTIMATED DATA AS YIELDED BY THE INSTRUMENTED SUBWAY SECTIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Bracing KW - Civil engineering KW - Clay KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavations KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Hydrology KW - Loads KW - Performance KW - Retaining walls KW - Soil mechanics KW - Stresses KW - Struts KW - Undrained strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/94192 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239567 AU - Howard University AU - School of Social Work TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION: MINORITY MOBILITY IN THE 70'S URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE TRANSIT MOBILITY AND URBAN MINORITIES PY - 1972/01 SP - 86 p. AB - THIS REPORT REPRESENTS A CONFERENCE WHICH TOOK PLACE AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY ON JANUARY 17 AND 18, 1972, CONCERNING TRANSIT MOBILITY FOR THE URBAN MINORITIES, ESPECIALLY THE AGED, THE HANDICAPPED, THE YOUNG, THE POOR, AND THE TRANSIT DEPRIVED. THE PURPOSE OF THE CONFERENCE WAS TO INCREASE THE PARTICIPATION OF MINORITIES, INCLUDING CITIZENS, BUSINESS AND COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVE GROUPS, IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, THEREBY IMPROVING TRANSIT SERVICES IN MINORITY AREAS WHILE ASSURING THE PARTICIPATION OF THE COMMUNITIES THEMSELVES. RECOMMENDATIONS RESULTING FROM THE CONFERENCE INCLUDE: 1) THAT UMTA SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION TO MAKE MINORITY REPRESENTATION ON TRANSIT POLICY BOARDS A PREREQUISITE FOR FEDERAL FUNDS, TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER MINORITIES ARE BEING INCLUDED IN THE HIRING, PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF FEDERALLY FUNDED PROJECTS, AND TO ENFORCE TITLE VI OF THE 1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT; 2) THAT PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND UMTA RECOGNIZE THE DISTINCT AND CHANGING NEEDS OF THE RIDERS IN MODERNIZING ROUTES, INSURING REASONABLE FARES, ACCOMODATING THE YOUTH AND AGED, AND PROVIDING GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES WHERE NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN EFFICIENT SERVICE; 3) THAT PUBLIC EDUCATION PROGRAMS BE ENCOURAGED AS WELL AS INCREASED INTERACTION BETWEEN CITIZEN CONSUMERS AND THOSE IN POWER TO IMPROVE THE EXCHANGE OF VALID INFORMATION; 4) THAT ASSISTANCE BE DEMANDED TO PROVIDE THE PRESSURE AND TECHNICAL SKILLS NECESSARY TO PERSUADE UNIONS TO INCREASE MINORITY MEMBERSHIP; 5) TO ADVOCATE NEUTRAL REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS AND THE CREATION OF AN INFORMAL MINORITY TRANSIT BOARD. SPEAKERS INCLUDED REPRESENTATIVES OF MINORITY ORGANIZATIONS, TRANSIT CORPORATIONS, THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, AND HOWARD UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Fares KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Public participation KW - Race KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241974 AU - Public Research and Management, Inc TI - A STUDY OF TRANSIT: ROCK HILL, SOUTH CAROLINA PY - 1972/01 AB - PLANNING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA ARE DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO LAND USE, ECONOMICS, POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHY, THE MODEL NEIGHBORHOOD AREA, AND OTHER RELATED FACTORS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT ROCK HILL IS EXEMPLARY OF MOST TYPICAL URBAN AREAS WITH POPULATIONS BETWEEN 25,000 AND 50,000; IN THIS REGARD, THE STUDY REVEALED LOW-DENSITY DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS, A DECLINE OF THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, AND AN ALMOST TOTAL DEPENDANCE ON THE PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION MODE. THE EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEM IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT, OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, AND FINANCIAL ASSETS. SEVERAL AREA SURVEYS WERE UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CURRENT TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND TO SYNTHESIZE RECOMMENDED CHANGES. THESE INCLUDED SURVEYS OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS TRANSIT RIDERS, AREA EMPLOYEES, AND A SAMPLE PROFILE OF AREA HOUSEHOLDS. MOST TRANSIT RIDERS ARE "CAPTIVES" WHO OTHERWISE LACK ACCESS TO PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES. IN ADDITION, PRESENT RIDERS ARE PREDOMINANTLY OF LOW INCOME; BUS LINES SERVING LOW- INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS ENJOYED SUFFICIENT PATRONAGE TO WARRANT CONTINUATION. MANY SURVEY RESPONDANTS WERE POORLY INFORMED OF BUS ROUTES, FARES, AND SCHEDULES, AND THUS UNABLE TO EFFECTIVELY UTILIZE TRANSIT SERVICE. FINALLY, THE STUDY REVEALED A MARGINAL TRANSIT DEMAND AMONG THE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEE POPULATION; MOST RESIDED IN LOW-DENSITY NEIGHBORHOODS WHERE AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP IS HIGH. A PRIMARY CONCERN IS THE PUBLIC ACQUISITION AND OWNERSHIP OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM. BUS SERVICE SHOULD BE OPERATED PRIVATELY UNDER A LEASING ARRANGEMENT WITH THE CITY. CREATION OF A TRANSIT ADVISORY BOARD TO ADMINISTER THE CONTROLS NECESSARY TO INSURE CONTINUANCE OF A PROFITABLE TRANSIT OPERATION IS RECOMMENDED. THREE SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS ARE RECOMMENDED: (1) INSTITUTION OF A COMPLETE BUS SCHEDULING AND ROUTING INFORMATION SYSTEM; (2) CONSTRUCTION OF BUS SHELTERS AT MAJOR TRANSFER AND TRIP GENERATION POINTS; AND (3) ESTABLISHMENT OF MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS TO PERMIT DEMAND- RESPONSIVE SERVICE. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Land use KW - Ownership KW - Population KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239450 AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Beimborn, E A AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - TRANSPORTATION CENTERS AS A MECHANISM TO ENHANCE RESEARCH AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES IN TRANSPORTATION-- RESPONSES TO A QUESTIONNAIRE PY - 1972/01 AB - THE REPORT SUMMARIZES FINDINGS OF A SURVEY CONDUCTED AMONG TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTERS. A TOTAL OF THIRTY SUCH CENTERS WERE CONTACTED; OF TWENTY RESPONSES, SEVENTEEN PROVED APPLICABLE TO THE PRESENT STUDY. ALL ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES, REPLIES TO EACH QUESTION ARE DISCUSSED SEPARATELY IN THE REPORT. IN GENERAL THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT THE HIGHWAY CENTERS ARE OLDEST AND BEST FINANCED. URBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTERS APPEARED TO BE THE MOST RECENT. A SUBSTANTIAL NUMBER OF ALL CENTERS WERE ESTABLISHED AFTER 1965. THE AUTHORS NOTE A WIDE VARIETY AMONG THE CENTERS WHICH RESPONDED TO THEIR SURVEY. THE CENTERS RANGED IN SIZE AND SCOPE FROM SMALL INSTITUTIONS WITH AN ANNUAL BUDGET OF $50,000 AND A LIMITED RESEARCH ACTIVITY INVOLVING TWO OR THREE STAFF PERSONNEL, TO LARGE INSTITUTIONS OPERATING A CENTER FOR TWENTY OR MORE YEARS WITH ANNUAL BUDGETS APPROXIMATING ONE MILLION DOLLARS AND A STAFF OF MORE THAN SEVENTY. THE SURVEY ALSO INDICATED THAT MOST RESPONDENTS FELT THE AVAILABILITY OF A CENTER HAD ENHANCED THE RESEARCH AND TRAINING EFFORTS IN TRANSPORTATION AT THEIR UNIVERSITIES OR COLLEGES. THREE MAIN BENEFITS WERE IDENTIFIED, INLCUDING: (1) ATTRACTION OF MORE INTERESTED STUDENTS TO TRANSPORTATION; (2) PROMOTION OF MORE EXTENSIVE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH; AND (3) FACILITATION OF INTERDISCIPLINARY ACTIVITES IN TRANSPORTATION. THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT FOR MAXIMUM EFFECTIVENESS, CENTER OPERATIONS SHOULD BE PLACED IN A HIGH LEVEL AT THE UNIVERSITY, HAVE AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FOCUS, AND ENJOY A STABLE BASE OF SUPPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Personnel KW - Research KW - Surveys KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239467 AU - Schenker, E AU - Fogel, L R AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee TI - REGIONAL COORDINATION OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONS IN THE MILWAUKEE AREA PY - 1972/01 AB - SERVICE QUALITY IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO VEHICLES, ROADWAYS, TRAFFIC MOVEMENT, AND PARKING; AGENCIES PRESENTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR OPERATING THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ARE ALSO NOTED. THREE UNRESOLVED ISSUES WHICH DELIMIT THE PERFORMANCE OF MASS TRANSPORTATION ARE CONSIDERED IN DETAIL: (1) PUBLIC ACQUISITION AND OPERATION OF MASS TRANSIT; (2) FREEWAY PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION IN LIGHT OF SERIOUS PUBLIC OPPOSITION; AND (3) SPECIAL AGENCY ADMINISTRATION. UNFORTUNATELY, EXISTING ORGANIZATIONS ARE INCAPABLE OF COORDINATING BALANCED DEVELOPMENT AMONG THESE GENERAL AREAS. ALTERNATIVES FOR A GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE ARE EVALUATED: (1) A TRANSIT BOARD OF AUTHORITY; (1) A COUNTY TRANSIT COORDINATION UNDER THE EXISTING COUNTY EXPRESSWAY AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION; (4) A SEVEN-COUNTY REGIONAL COMMISSION; AND (5) A SEVEN-COUNTY METROPOLITAN SERVICE CORPORATION AUTHORIZED TO ADMINISTER A VARIETY OF PUBLIC SERVICES BESIDES TRANSPORTATION. APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MULTI-COUNTY AGENCY IS RECOMMENDED AS THE OPTIMAL DEVICE TO MANAGE AND COORDINATE THE DIVERSE FUNCTIONS OF REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Coordination KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01513730 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Expansion of ferry service between San Francisco and Marin County : environmental impact statement PY - 1972///Volumes held: Final(microfiche) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242028 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - TEST OF TURBO-ELECTRIC RAIL CAR -- A SUMMARY REPORT ON PART TWO OF THE MASS TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION GRANT PROJECT PY - 1971/12 AB - THE CAR WAS DESIGNED TO OPERATE ON BOTH ELECTRIFIED AND NON-ELECTRIFIED TRACK, AND THUS PERMIT THE EXTENSION OF EXISTING SERVICES INTO AREAS WHERE THE COSTS OF PROVIDING WAYSIDE ELECTRIC POWER ARE PROHIBITIVE. THE PROPULSION UNIT COMBINED TWO SEPARATE SYSTEMS: (1) A DIESEL-POWERED TURBINE, AND (2) ELECTRIC TRACTION WITH "CHOPPER" VOLTAGE CONTROLS. THE REPORT DOCUMENTS ALL RELEVANT DETAILS OF THE TESTING PROGRAM WITH REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTATION, PROCEDUREES, AND SPECIFIC RESULTS. /UMTA/ KW - Commuters KW - Diesel engines KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Electric potential KW - Electric power KW - Gas turbines KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Test facilities KW - Turbine engines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092405 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Institute of Regional and Urban Studies TI - CONTRA COSTA COUNTY TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY PY - 1971/12 SP - 253 p. AB - This report describes and summarizes studies performed to identify public transportation needs and to develop a program for public transportation services in that part of Contra Costa County, California which is outside the existing AC Transit service district. The primary objective of this work was to develop a system that would (1) provide feeder service to the BART stations located in the study area and (2) provide service for local trips within the study area. The largest part of the study was devoted to evaluation of conventional fixed-route, fixed-schedule systems for both feeder and local services. Detailed analyses and projections to 1980 were made of future BART patronage from Contra Costa County to destination in San Francisco and Alameda counties and destinations within the County. Nine separate conventional bus systems were delineated. Conclusions are reached and some recommendations are put forth. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus lines KW - California KW - Counties KW - Data plotters KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economic projections KW - Evaluation KW - Feeder services KW - Forecasting KW - Needs assessment KW - Projection KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240140 AU - Gurski, P S AU - Advanced Technical Center TI - MILWAUKEE COUNTY DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS STUDY--VOLUME III: SOCIO-ECONOMIC EVAULATION PY - 1971/12 SP - 265 p. AB - A CASE STUDY APPROACH WAS EMPLOYED TO SIMULATE PATRONAGE ON THE TWO ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT SYSTEMS. A STANDARD RIDERSHIP FORECASTING APPROACH WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL BUS AND DUAL-MODE TRANSIT VEHICLES. THE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT A DUAL-MODE SYSTEM WOULD: (1) ATTRACT APPROXIMATELY DOUBLE THE RIDERSHIP OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT, (2) PROVIDE REDUCED TRIP TIME (APPROXIMATELY 8% LESS), (3) IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY BY PERMITTING THE OPERATION OF SIX TIMES AS MANY ROUTES, (4) CHANGE TRIP PATTERNS, (5) REDUCE TRANSFER REQUIREMENTS, AND (6) IMPROVE DRIVER PRODUCTIVITY. A COST EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION WAS THEN UNDERTAKEN TO COMPARE BOTH CAPITAL OPERATING COSTS FOR THE TWO POTENTIAL SYSTEMS. A BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS WAS INCLUDED. THE STUDY REVEALED THAT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH DUAL-MODE TRANSPORTATION WOULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY HIGHER THAN WITH CONVENTIONAL BUS RAPID TRANSIT. ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS WERE ESTIMATED TO BE APPROXIMATELY $58 MILLION AND $21 MILLION, RESPECTIVELY; ANNUAL CAPITAL COSTS WERE $46 MILLION AND $12 MILLIO, RESPECTIVELY. FARES ON THE DUAL-MODE SYSTEM WILL HAVE TO BE CONSIDERABLY HIGHER. THE BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT DIRECT TRANSPORTATION BENEFITS (EG. TIME SAVINGS, ACCIDENT REDUCTION, ELIMINATION OF PARKING COSTS, ETC.) WOULD OFFSET THE ESTIMATED SYSTEM COSTS. IN ADDITION, MAJOR INDIRECT SOCIAL BENEFITS ACCRUED FROM THE DUAL-MODE OPERATION ARE LIKELY TO YIELD A SUBSTANTIAL ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE. THE SENSITIVITY IS EXAMINED OF DUAL-MODE OPERATIONS TO FLUCTUATIONS IN RIDERSHIP, PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION, AND OTHER INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Capitalized costs KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Forecasting KW - Operating costs KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128846 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242037 AU - Gurski, P S AU - Advanced Technical Center TI - MILWAUKEE COUNTY DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS STUDY--VOLUME IV: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1971/12 SP - 228 p. AB - THE REPORT IS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH DELINEATING A RECOMMENDED DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PROJECT OBJECTIVES, COSTS, AND SCHEDULING ARE PRESENTED IN A DETAILED OVERVIEW. THE PROPOSED DEMONSTRATION CONSISTS OF THREE STAGES COVERING ALL PHASES OF PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT, PLANNING, AND IMPLEMENTATION. COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH PHASE ARE ESTIMATED. FOUR BASIC PREMISES WARRANT CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF THE DUAL-MODE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. THESE ARE: (1) EXISTING URBAN TRANSIT IS NOT SUFFICIENTLY COMPETITIVE WITH AUTO-FREEWAY SYSTEMS TO PROVIDE AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO INCREASING RELIANCE UPON PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES. (2) DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS COMBINE A HIGH DEGREE OF OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY WITH SPECIFIC DIRECT AND INDIRECT BENEFITS TO BOTH USERS AND THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. (3) DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS OPTIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE REQUIREMENTS. (4) THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS OBLIGED TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF PROMISING NEW TRANSPORTATION CONCEPTS. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242038 AU - Gurski, P S AU - Advanced Technical Center TI - MILWAUKEE COUNTY DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS STUDY--VOLUME II: TECHNICAL EVALUATION PY - 1971/12 SP - 444 p. AB - A TECHNOLOGY SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE EXISTING DUAL-MODE DESIGNS AND PREVIOUS RESEARCH. RELATED TRANSPORTATION STUDIES ARE REVIEWED ALONG WITH DETAILED SUMMARIES OF FOUR SPECIFIC DUAL-MODE CONCEPTS, INCLUDING: (1) URBMOVILE, (2) STARRCAR, (3) COMMUCAR, AND (4) PALLETED AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION. NONE OF THE EXISTING DUAL-MODE DESIGNS ARE SUFFICIENTLY DEVELOPED FOR NEAR-TERM IMPLEMENTATION. THREE CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR THE ANALYSIS WERE VEHICLE PROPULSION, VEHICLE MANAGEMENT AT MERGES, AND LATERAL CONGROL. SYSTEM A EMPLOYED A HYBRID POWER PLANT, CENTRALIZED VEHICLE MANAGEMENT, AND ELECTRICAL FOLLOWER CONTROLS. SYSTEM B EMPLOYED A DUAL AC MOTOR AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, LOCALIZED VEHICLE MANAGEMENT, AND A CENTER WHEEL MECHANICAL FOLLOWER CONTROL SYSTEM. ALL BASIC ELEMENTS OF A DUAL-MODE SYSTEM ARE EXAMINED, INCLUDING THE VEHICLE, GUIDEWAY, AND SUPPORT FACILITIES. BOTH ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM CONCEPTS ARE ALSO EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS. SYSTEM A OFFERS ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES. TRADEOFFS IN HARDWARE DESIGN ARE DESCRIBED AT LENGTH. SUCH FACTORS AS GUIDEWAY CAPACITY VS. HEADWAYS, VEHICLE PERFORMANCE VS. POWER REQUIREMENTS, SYSTEM RELIABILITY VS. MAINTENANCE COSTS, AND ELECTRIFICATION VS. NON-ELECTRIFICATION ARE NOTED. THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS A COST SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS WHICH REVEALS THE EXTENT TO WHICH COSTS WILL FLUCTUATE WITH CHANGES IN VEHICLE SPEED, LOADING, AND AUTOMATION. FIFTEEN APPENDICES CONTAIN RELEVANT STATISTICAL MATERIAL AND DETAILED ANALYTICAL DATA. /UMTA/ KW - Alternating current motors KW - Control systems KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Electric power plants KW - Guideways KW - Hardware KW - Internal combustion engines KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Statistics KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242036 AU - Gurski, P S AU - Advanced Technical Center TI - MILWAUKEE COUNTY DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS STUDY--VOLUME I: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1971/12 AB - THE DUAL-MODE CONCEPT EMPLOYS TRANSIT VEHICLES CAPABLE OF BOTH FULLY-AUTOMATED OPERATION ON A GUIDEWAY AND MANUAL OPERATION ON CITY STREETS. THE REPORT FOCUSES PARTICULARLY UPON DUAL-MODE APPLICATIONS USING SMALL BUS VEHICLES WHICH INDICATE THE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR NEAR-TERM DEMONSTRATION. A SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EVALUATE THE DESIRABILITY OF DUAL-MODE TRANSPORTATION IN THE MILWAUKEE METROPOLITAN AREA FOR THE YEAR 1990. RESULTS ARE SUMMARIZED OF A TECHNOLOGY SURVEY WHICH YIELDED TWO ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM DESIGN CONCEPTS. THESE WERE SUBJECTED TO FURTHER EVALUATION TO DETERMINE OVERALL FEASIBILITY. THE SYSTEM APPROACH SELECTED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION CONSISTS OF A 19-PASSENGER, RUBBER-TIRED TRANSIT VEHICLE, ELECTRICALLY POWERED BY A HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEM AND OPERATING UNDER A CENTRALIZED, SCHEDULED, SYNCHRONOUS LONGITUDINAL CONTROL CONCEPT. ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT FLEXIBLE DUAL-MODE TRANSPORTATION WOULD YIELD SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGES WITH REFERENCE TO SERVICE QUALITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, OPERATION COSTS, ATTAINMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEMAND RESPONSIVENESS, AND GROWTH POTENTIAL. THE AUTHORS NOTE, HOWEVER, THAT IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING RIDERSHIP ATTRACTION AND OTHER VARIABLES CANNOT BE RESOLVED WITHOUT A COMPREHENSIVE DEMONSTRATION OF THE CONCEPT. THREE BASIC CONCLUSIONS WERE THAT: (1) TECHNOLOGY WILL NOT BE AN OBSTACLE TO SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NO SIGNIFICANT BREAKTHROUGHS ARE NECESSARY. (2) THE CRITICAL TECHNICAL DECISION APPEARS TO BE THE SELECTION OF A STEERING CONTROL CONCEPT FROM AMONG THE MANY AVAILABLE ALTERNATIVES. (3) THE KEY TECHNICAL ISSUE WILL BE THE ATTAINMENT OF APPROPRIATE SYSTEM RELIABILITY LEVELS. /UMTA/ KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239585 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION OPERATING COSTS PY - 1971/11 SP - 138 p. AB - THE CONTENTS OF THE REPORT INCLUDE THE PRESENT FINANCIAL AND OPERATING CONDITION OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION; THE PRESENT FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION; AN ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS; AND THE SERVICE AND POLICY INNOVATIONS TO IMPROVE MASS TRANSIT. /NTIS/ KW - Economics KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12751/index.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56400/feasibilityoffed00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240715 AU - Schneider, J B AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - THE POLICY DELPHI: A LAND USE-TRANSPORTATION PLANNING APPLICATION PY - 1971/11 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES AN APPLICATION OF THE POLICY DELPHI, AN INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR FURTURE-ORIENTED POLICY DEFINITION. THE CENTRAL ISSUE SELECTED FOR CONSIDERATION IN THIS APPLICATION OF THE POLICY DELPHI CONCERNED FURTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SEATTLE METROPOLITAN AREA. IN THE PRESENT STUDY, 56 COMMUNITY LEADERS FROM THE SEATTLE AREA WERE PRESENTED WITH FIFTEEN FIRST-ROUND STATEMENTS CONCERNING VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS OF FUTURE GROWTH IN THE URBAN STRUCTURE. THEIR RESPONSES YIELDED SIX SECOND-ROUND STATEMENTS. ALTHOUGH THE DEMONSTRATION OF POLICY DELPHI WAS NOT CONTINUED BEYOND THIS SECOND ROUND, THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT ITS UTILITY AS A POLICY-DEFINITION DEVICE WAS STRONGLY INDICATED. THE REPORT DOCUMENTS ALL RELEVANT DATA AND NOTES PARTICULARLY AN UPWARD SHIFT IN ALL RESPONSE CATEGORIES DURING THE SECOND ROUND. THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT CERTAIN METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THIS STUDY CAN BE PREVENTED IN FUTURE APPLICATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO STATEMENT FORMULATION AND PANEL SELECTION. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT NOTES SEVERAL OTHER POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE POLICY DELPHI IN EDUCATION, RESEARCH, URBAN PLANNING, AND IN THE INTEGRATION OF CITIZEN OPINIONS WITH PUBLIC POLICY ADMINISTRATION. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Methodology KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242071 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY: PORT AUTHORITY TRANSIT CORPORATION PY - 1971/10 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE PORT AUTHORITY TRANIST CORPORATION (PATCO) SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF A LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND FOCUSED UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES IN DIFFERENT CITIES. THE LINDENWOLD-PHILADELPHIA HIGH SPEED LINE WHICH BEGAN SERVICE EARLY IN 1969 AND INCLUDES 2.2 MILES OF UNDERGROUND TUNNELS IS DESCRIBED. THERMODYNAMICS CHARTS ARE PRESENTED WHICH DEPICT MAXIMUM VEHICLE ENERGY INPUT FOR THE WHOLE CYCLE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE LINE ENERGY. RIDE QUALITY IN THE LINDENWOLD SYSTEM IS ENHANCED BY SEVERAL DESIGN FEATURES OF THE TRACKAGE AND ROADBED. EXTRA HEAVY RAIL WAS USED AND WELDED CONTINUOUSLY OVER THE ENTIRE LINE. ANOTHER INNOVATION WAS THE LAYING OF A NEOPRENE PAD (1/2" THICK) DIRECTLY ATOP THE CONCRETE RAILBED; THIS MEASURE EFFECTIVELY REDUCED DUST CIRCULATION AND NOISE. A SPECIAL AIR SUSPENSION SYSTEM WAS INCORPORATED INTO THE VEHICLE DESIGN TO ENHANCE RIDE QUALITY AND MINIMIZE MAINTENANCE REQUIRED BY VIRATIONS TO THE UNDERCAR COMPONENTS. VEHICLES ARE REGULARLY INSPECTED AND SERVICED AT REGULAR MILEAGE INCREMENTS. THE COMPUTER ASSISTED MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS ARE CONDUCTED IN A SOPHISTICATED NEW FACILITY DESIGNED TO ULTIMATELY HANDLE 200 CARS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTIONS IN AIR POLLUTION ARE AFFORDED BY THE LINDENWOLD SERVICE. SOME 4,200 WEEKDAY COMMUTER TRIPS HAVE BEEN DIVERTED FROM AUTOMOBILES TO THE TRANSIT MODE, AND POWER FROM THE SYSTEM IS MOSTLY GENERATED BY HYDRO AND ATOMIC PLANTS WHICH MAKE NO SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO AIR POLLUTION. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES: A MAP OF RAPID TRANSIT ROUTES, TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION DATA RELATED TO TIME, CROSS-SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS OF STANDARD TUNNELS, SUBURBAN STATION AIR CONDITIONING DATA, RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA (GEOMETRICS, TEST ENERGY CURVES, AND SUPPORTING DATA), MAINTENANCE INSPECTION FORMS, AND A DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ROLLING STOCK. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air pollution KW - Dust control KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Neoprene KW - Noise control KW - Public transit KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Riding qualities KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242073 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY : MONTREAL URBAN COMMUNITY TRANSIT COMMISSION PY - 1971/10 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE MONTREAL URBAN COMMUNITY TRANSIT COMMISSION (MUCTC) SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF A LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA, AND FOCUSED UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES IN DIFFERENT CITIES. THE MONTREAL SUBWAY SYSTEM, WHICH BEGAN OPERATING IN 1966, WAS BASED ON THE PARIS METRO AND EMPLOYS RUBBER-TIRED VEHICLES RUNNING ON CONCRETE. THE LATTER CONFIGURATION PERMITS GRADES OF NEARLY SEVEN PERCENT WHICH TAKE ADVANTAGE OF GRAVITY DURING ACCELERATION AND BRAKING TO REDUCE POWER REQUIREMENTS. THE STEEP GRADE ALSO ALLOWS MUCH OF THE SYSTEM TO BE CONSTRUCTED AT LOWER COST IN DEEP ROCK. IN COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE MONTREAL METRO AND CONVENTIONAL AMERICAN SUBWAYS, THREE BASIC DIFFERENCES APPEAR WITH REFERENCE TO ENVIRONMENT: (1) BECAUSE OF ITS DEPTH AND LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES, VENTILATION IN THE MUCTC SYSTEM MUST PRINCIPALLY RELY UPON MECHANICAL MEANS, RATHER THAN PISTON ACTION. (2) THE MONTREAL SYSTEM IS CONSIDERABLY QUIETER, WITH MINIMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ACOUSTICAL LINING; SQUEALING ON CURVES IS NON-EXISTENT. (3) RIDE QUALITY IS NOTICEABLY SMOOTHER. AS INITIALLY DESIGNED, THE MONTREAL METRO SUFFERED SEVERE PROBLEMS WITH HIGH SUMMER TEMPERATURES AND UNACCEPTABLE VELOCITIES ON STATION PLATFORMS AND DOORS. AS A RESULT, THE ENTIRE MUCTC SYSTEM UNDERWENT AN EXTENSIVE RETROFIT OF ALL VENTILATION EQUIPMENT. AT PRESENT THE RETROFIT OPERATION HAS BEEN COMPLETED, AND THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT IS WITHIN ACCEPTABLE LIMITS. APPENDED MATERIAL COVERS: GENERAL INFORMATION (ROUTES, GEOMETRY, METRO CAR DATA AND ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTION), TYPICAL TRAIN OPERATIONS, AERODYNAMIC AND TEMPERATURE ANALYSES, COMPARATIVE TEMPERATURE GRAPHS FROM BEFORE AND AFTER RETROFIT, CONTROL SCHEDULE FOR FAN SHAFT FANS AND BLAST SHAFTS, BLAST SHAFT EFFICIENCIES AND FAN CAPACITIES, AIR VELOCITY AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS, INNOVATIVE CLOUSURES FOR FAN AND BLAST SHAFTS, DIRT AND DUST CONTROL WITH A CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AND DECIBEL MEASUREMENTS OF FANS. /UMTA/ KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Concrete KW - Costs KW - Grades KW - Noise control KW - Riding qualities KW - Rubber KW - Slopes KW - Structural design KW - Temperature KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Ventilation systems KW - Weather KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241964 AU - Harris, O L AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING SECURITY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SUBWAYS PY - 1971/10 AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS 31 SPECIFIC DESIGN MODIFICATIONS FOR STATIONS AND TRAINS TO POTENTIALLY ELIMINATE COMMON ASPECTS OF THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT WHICH ABET CRIME AND INHIBIT ITS PREVENTION. IN ADDITION, 16 TYPES OF CRIME AND HARRASSMENT RANGING FROM SUCH MISDEMEANORS AS LOITERING OR DISORDERLY CONDUCT TO RAPE AND HOMICIDE ARE DELINIATED. EACH IS DEFINED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM. BASED ON THESE DATA, THE PHYSICAL FACTORS WHICH DELIMIT THE PROBABILITY OF CRIME AND HARRASSMENT IN SUBWAYS ARE (1) SPACE AND LOCATIONS; (2) DISTANCE AND ACCESS TO OPEN SPACE; (3) VISIBILITY; (4) SCALE; (5) MASTERY, CONTROL, AND OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY; AND (6) CONDITIONS OF THE SURROUNDING URBAN ENVIRONMENT. THESE FACTORS COMBINED TO YIELD 23 SEPARATE DATA INPUTS TO A SYSTEMATIC METHODOLOGY FOR PREVENTING CRIME BY CONTROLLING PHYSICAL DESIGN FACTORS IN SUBWAYS AND STATIONS. IN ADDITION, 15 NON-PHYSICAL DATA INPUTS WERE DEVELOPED WHICH REFLECT RELEVANT QUESTIONS ABOUT SPECIFIC INCIDENTS. THE LATTER ARE IMPORTANT IN RECONSTRUCTING BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES AND THE ATTITUDINAL CLIMATE IN WHICH CRIME CONTROL METHODS WOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. THE REPORT EXAMINES EACH OF THE DATA INPUTS AT LENGHTH ALONG WITH CITATIONS FROM ORIGINAL CASE MATERIAL. SUBSEQUENT PHASES OF THE METHODOLOGY ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. HAVING NOTED THE OPEN-ENDED INVENTORY OF CRIMES AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, A SECOND STAGE OF THE PROPOSED METHOD EMPLOYS COMPHREHESIVE SURVEYING PROCEDURES TO ANALYZE THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG THESE VARIABLES. THREE SURVEYS ARE RECOMMENDED TO COLLECT RELEVANT DATA CONCERNING ACTUAL INCIDENTS OF CRIME AND HARRASSMENT, CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBWAY STATIONS, AND PHYSICAL AND NON-PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ABOARD TRAINS. DETAILED SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND QUESTIONNAIRES ARE REPRODUCED. EMPIRICAL METHODS ARE INCLUDED FOR CORRELATING SURVEY DATA TO DETERMINE WHICH FACTORS ARE MOST PREVALENT DURING THE OCURENCE OF DIFFERENT CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES. THE EQUATIONS DERIVED WOULD YIELD OPTIMUM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUBWAY DESIGN BY SUGGESTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND NON-PHYSICAL VARIABLES AND SUBWAY CRIMES. THE REPORT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO EXPLORE SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE OVERALL URBAN SYSTEM, BUT RATHER, SEEKS TO DEVELOP A SCHEME WITH WHICH TO FASHION ANTI-CRIME SUBWAY DESIGNS. /UMTA/ KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Railroad stations KW - Subways KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226467 AU - HINMAN, E J AU - Johns Hopkins University TI - CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SHORT-HEADWAY ACGV SYSTEMS PY - 1971/10 AB - TEN PROPOSED CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED AND GUIDED VEHICLES (ACGV) ARE EVALUATED WITH REFERENCE TO HEADWAY AND VELOCITY MAINTENANCE, MERGING OF CARS FROM A SIDING ONTO THE MAIN LINE, AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE. TWO BASIC TYPES OF SHORT-HEADWAY CONTROL SYSTEMS ARE IDENTIFIED: THOSE WHICH EMPLOY MODIFIED CONVENTIONAL BLOCK CONTROLS AND THOSE WHICH USE INNOVATIVE DIGITIAL PROCESSING. THE EVALUATION REVEALED THAT BLOCK CONTROLS ARE INADEQUATE FOR MAINTAINING SHORT HEADWAYS IN AN ACGV CONFIGURATION. HEADWAY REGULATION REQUIREMENTS, VEHICLE CONTROLLER DYNAMICS, AND MERGING PROBLEMS ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. ALTHOUGH CONVENTIONAL BLOCK CONTROLS ARE INAPPLICABLE FOR SHORT-HEADWAY OPERATIONS, THEY POSSESS DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES OF FAIL-SAFE RELIABILITY AND PROVEN EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD. POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS TO THE CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM ARE EXPLORED WITH REFERENCE TO THE THEORETICAL CAPACITY, HEADWAY REGULATION, COLLISION AVOIDANCE, AND VELOCITY COMPUTING CIRCUITRY. CANDIDATE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ARE REVIEWED AND EVALUATED; VARIOUS COMPUTER DESIGNS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO INTERFACE AND SOFTWARE PROBLEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic control KW - Command guidance KW - Command systems KW - Communications KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239463 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - WINSTON-SALEM TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1971/10 AB - ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE CURRENT OPERATIONS ARE SUMMARIZED, INCLUDING: (1) RIDERSHIP TRENDS, (2) FINANCIAL RESULTS AND ASSISTANCE, (3) CASH FLOW DEFICIENCY, (4) ROUTES AND COVERAGE, (5) FARES, AND (6) EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES. SEVERAL SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED AMONG TRANSIT PASSENGERS TO DETERMINE A RIDERSHIP PROFILE, REGIONAL TRAVEL PATTERNS, AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS. RESULTS OF THE ON-BUS SURVEY ARE BROKEN DOWN WITH REFERENCE TO TRIP PURPOSE, CAR OWNERSHIP, FAMILY SIZE AND INCOME, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, AGE AND SEX, FREQUENCY OF TRANSIT USE, AND WEEKEND TRANSIT USE. DEMAND VOLUMES ARE IDENTIFIED BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY AND VALUATION OF ALL PROPERTY CURRENTLY OWNED BY THE LOCAL CARRIER IS CONTAINED. ACQUISITION OF THE PRIVATE COMPANY BY THE METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY IS RECOMMENDED. ACTUAL OPERATION OF THE BUS SYSTEM WOULD BE PERFORMED UNDER A MANAGEMENT CONTRACT. A TWO-PHASE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM IS SUGGESTED TO EFFECT IMMEDIATE SERVICE CHANGES AND COORDINATE LONG-TERM IMPROVEMENTS FOLLOWING ACQUISITION OF NEW EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, AND A WIDE VARIETY OF FINANCING ALTERNATIVES ARE EXPLORED. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF SAFE BUS, INC.; APPROPRIATE LOCAL ORDINANCES; AND A SUGGESTED FORM OF MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Management KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242072 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY: CLEVELAND TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1971/10 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE CLEVELAND TRANSIT SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF A LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA, AND FOCUSES UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES IN DIFFERENT CITIES. THE CLEVELAND TRANSIT SYSTEM (CTS) WAS INAUGUARATED IN 1955, AND UNTIL 1968 IT CONSISTED SOLELY OF SURFACE OPERATIONS. AT THAT TIME, AN EXTENSION OF THE WESTERN PORTION WAS CONSTRUCTED TO LINK CLEVELAND HOPKINS AIPPORT WITH THE DOWNTOWN TERMINUS. THE LAST 1,670 FEET OF EXTENSION ARE CONTAINED IN A TWO-TRACK TUNNEL WHICH FEEDS DIRECTLY INTO THE AIRPORT LOBBY. CTS IS THE ONLY OPERATING SYSTEM IN THIS COUNTRY THAT OFFERS RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE TO ITS MAJOR AIRPORT. USAGE BY AIRLINE PASSENGERS HAS ALREADY FAR EXCEEDED THE DEMAND LEVELS ESTIMATED IN PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY STUDIES. THESE DATA WERE ANALYZED IN A SEPARATE PROJECT SPONSORED BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, AND HIGHLIGHTS OF THIS STUDY ARE APPENDED. ANOTHER UNIQUE ASPECT OF THE CTS OPERATION WAS ITS USE OF CARS DESIGNED TO RECOVER RESISTOR ENERGY FOR VEHICLE HEAT. THE RECOVERY SYSTEM EMPLOYED THE MOTOR GENERATOR FAN AND CONNECTING DUCTS WITH DAMPERS TO TRANSFER RESISTOR GRID HEAT TO THE CAR AS REQUIRED. UNFORTUNATELY, HOWEVER, THE EXPOSED DAMPERS CONTINUALLY CLOGGED WITH DIRT, EXPERIENCED RUSTED BEARINGS, AND FACED OTHER ENGINEERING PROBLEMS WHICH PERMITTED HOT AIR TO LEAK INTO THE COOLING SYSTEM AIR DISTRIBUTION NETWORK. UNABLE TO CORRECT THIS DEFECT, THE CTS ULTIMATELY ELIMINATED THE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS ENTIRELY. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES: A ROUTE MAP, HOURLY TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION BY STATION, TUNNEL CROSS SECTIONS, PRINTS AND SPECIFICATIONS OF VEHICLES, VEHICLE OPERATING AND PERFORMANCE CURVES, AND HIGHLIGHTS OF REPORTS GENERATED BY A FEDERALLY-FUNDED STUDY OF THE TRANSIT ACCESS LINE TO HOPKINS AIRPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airports KW - Braking KW - Heating KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132098 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242103 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - LIVERMORE - AMADOR VALLEY TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY PY - 1971/10 AB - PLANNING DATA IS SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO EXISTING LAND USE, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR CONDITIONS, TRAVEL PATTERNS, SPECIAL TRANSIT NEEDS (OF THE ELDERLY, YOUTH, AND LOW-INCOME FAMILIES), AND TO EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. THE LATTER INCLUDES INTERCITY BUS SERVICE, SMALL-SCALE LOCAL CARRIER, SCHOOL BUSES, AND A TAXI SERVICE. INITIAL TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES WERE ANALYZED TO YIELD AN OPTIMAL SYSTEM. CONVENTIONAL BUS SERVICE OPTIONS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO FOUR ALTERNATE COMBINATIONS OF LOCAL, FREEWAY, AND SUBURBAN EXPRESS NETWORKS. IN ADDITION, FOUR NON-CONVENTIONAL SERVICE ALTERNATIVES WERE ANALYZED, INCLUDING: (1) TAXI; (2) MAXI-TAXI OR DIAL- A-BUS; (3) MODIFIED DIAL-A-BUS; AND (4) SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICE. THE ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT PROPOSALS WERE SUBJECTED TO AN INTENSIVE BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS TO YIELD AN OVERALL EVALUATION OF TRANSIT POTENTIAL IN THE LIVERMORE-AMADOR VALLEY. ADVANTAGES OF BOTH EXPRESS AND LOCAL SERVICE WERE COMPUTED IN TERMS OF DIRECT USER BENEFITS AND INDIRECT SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS. THE RECOMMENDED TRANSIT PLAN IS DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO EXPRESS SERVICE, LOCAL ROUTING, SUBSCRIPTION BUSES, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE EXPANSION. COST FACTORS ARE ALSO OUTLINED IN DETAIL. IMPLEMENTATION IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO FINANCIAL ALTERNATIVES (PARTICIPATION IN FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS, LOCAL TAXATION, AND FUNDS EARMARKED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BART), ORGANIZATIONAL OPTIONS, AND MANAGEMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - City planning KW - Commuters KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Express buses KW - Financing KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Small towns KW - Social factors KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241998 AU - Gouse, S W AU - Wali, E I AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - TUBE VEHICLE SYSTEMS: AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1971/10 AB - THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CYLINDRICAL VEHICLES MOVING COAXIALLY THROUGH SOLID-WALL TUBES OF FINITE LENGTH ARE EXAMINED, WITH SPECIFIC ATTENTION PAID TO THE DEPENDENCE OF DRAG FORCES ON THE VELOCITY OF APPROACH RATIO, DEFINED AS THE RATIO BETWEEN THE RELATIVE VELOCITY OF INDUCED FLUID PUSHED AHEAD OF A MOVING VEHICLE TO THE ABSOLUTE VELOCITY OF THE VEHICLE. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY COMBINED THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE STUDIES OF A SCALE MODEL. RESULTS OF A DETAILED LITERATURE REVIEW CONDUCTED PRIOR TO THE THEORETICAL FORMULATION ARE OUTLINED. THE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS WAS DIVIDED AMONG FOUR REGIONS OF THE DYNAMIC TUBE ENVIRONMENT: (1) FAR- FLOW REGIONS (BOTH AHEAD OF AND BEHIND THE VEHICLE) (2) ENTRY ZONE (THE VEHICLE-FLUID INTERFACE); (3) TRANSFER PASSAGE; AND (4) WAKE ZONE. VARIOUS EMPIRICAL TECHNIQUES WERE EMPLOYED TO ESTIMATE THE PROBABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DRAG FORCES AND VELOCITY OF THE VEHICLE WITHIN SPECIFIED PARAMETERS. EXPERIMENTAL TESTING WITH A SCALE MODEL WAS PERFORMED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEORETICAL RESULTS COULD BE REPLICATED. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. IN ALL, MODELS OF SIX DIFFERENT WEIGHTS WERE TESTED UNDER SIMULATED TUBE FLOW CONDITIONS FOR EACH OF NINE MODEL DESIGNS, MAKING A TOTAL OF 54 INDIVIDUAL EXPERIMENTS. THE WEIGHT VARIATIONS WERE EMPLOYED TO ACHIEVE DIFFERENT RELATIVE VELOCITIES WITH WHICH TO COMPARE AERODYNAMIC DRAG EFFECTS ON DYNAMIC TUBE VEHICLES. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES COMPLETE MODEL SPECIFICATIONS AND A COMPUTER PRINT-OUT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Drag KW - Fluid mechanics KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Vehicle design KW - Velocity KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239490 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - OWENSBORO TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1971/09 AB - OWENSBORO, KENTUCKY, IS CHARACTERISTIC OF MANY URBAN AREAS IN THE 25,000 TO 50,000 POPULATION CATEGORY THAT HAVE LOST THEIR LOCAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN THE PAST DECADE. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT REPORT WAS TO DETERMINE WHETHER AND IN WHAT MANNER THE CITY OF OWENSBORO SHOULD RE-ESTABLISH BUS SERVICE FOR ITS CITIZENS. A SURVEY CONDUCTED THROUGHOUT THE URBAN AREA TO DETERMINE TRANSIT DEMAND AND THE AVAILABILITY OF ALTERNATE TRANSPORTATION MODES INDICATED THAT IN AS MANY AS HALF THE HOUSEHOLDS AT LEAST ONE MEMBER DEPENDED UPON TRANSIT FOR A VARIETY OF TRIP PURPOSES. SIGNIFICANTLY, WORK TRIPS WERE IN LEAST DEMAND; THE MOST FREQUENTLY CITED TRIP PURPOSES WERE (IN ORDER) SHOPPING, MEDICAL, SOCIAL- RECREATION, AND MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT RIDERSHIP DEMAND WOULD THEREFORE BE SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE DAY, AND THAT NORMAL PEAKING EFFECTS WOULD BE MINIMAL. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Traffic KW - Trip purpose UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131264 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239491 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY-MISSISSIPPI COAST TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY PY - 1971/09 AB - A FOUR-COUNTY AREA ALONG THE SOUTHERN COAST OF MISSISSIPPI WAS SERVED BY PRIVATE BUS OPERATIONS UNTIL 1969 WHEN FINANCIAL LOSSES (CAUSED IN PART BY THE DESTRUCTION OF HURRICANE CAMILLE) FORCED DISCONTINUATION. EXISTING TRANSIT IN THE GULF COAST AREA IS DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, EQUIPMENT, FARE STRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL, FINANCING, DRIVER PERFORMANCE, MAINTENANCE, OPERATING COSTS, AND OTHER STATISTICS. THE OPERATIONS SERVING BILOXI-GULFPORT AND PASCAGOULA ARE ANALYZED SEPARATELY, ALONG WITH VARIOUS INTERCITY SERVICES, SCHOOL BUSING, AND SERVICE TO THE CITY OF PICAYUNE. SURVEYS TO DETERMINE RIDERSHIP DEMAND IN THE STUDY AREA INCLUDED ON-BOARD PASSENGER SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES DISTRIBUTED AMONG HOUSEHOLDS, HOSPITALS, AND MILITARY BASES. AVAILABLE PARKING FACILITIES ARE ALSO EXAMINED. THE REPORT FOCUSES PARTICULAR ATTENTION ON THE REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY WITH REFERENCE TO LEGAL STATUS, JURISDICION OVER VARIOUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS, ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT, FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS, AND TEMPORARY SUBSIDY REVENUES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Coastal KW - Coasts KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131265 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242053 AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - PHYSICAL AND GEOMETRIC DATA FOR SUBWAY SYSTEM COMPONENTS PY - 1971/09 AB - PHYSICAL AND GEOMETRIC DATA FOR MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED AS PART OF AN OVERALL RESEARCH PROJECT TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBWAY DESIGNERS. THREE ASPECTS OF TUNNEL DESIGN WHICH AFFECT THE AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT ARE DESCRIBED: TUNNEL ROUGHNESS, INTERMITTENT CROSS-TRACK OPENINGS, AND TRANSITION SECTIONS. ILLUSTRATIONS OF TYPICAL TUNNEL CROSS-SECTIONS ARE PROVIDED. VENT SHAFT DESIGN IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO FLUID FLOW RESISTANCE, CLASSIFICATION (MIDTUNNEL OR BLAST), AND INLETS; SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF EXISTING VENTILATION SYSTEMS ARE ALSO PROVIDED. ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF STATIONS ARE EXAMINED, INCLUDING: PLATFORM CONFIGURATION; A PROTOTYPICAL STATION BUILDING BLOCK CONCEPT AND GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS; PLATFORM LEVEL STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS; STAIRS, ESCALATORS, AND ASSOCIATED OPENING BETWEEN STATIONS; AND PLATFORM VENTILATION. DETAILED ILLUSTRATIONS ARE PROVIDED IN SPECIFIC DISCUSSIONS OF FOUR VEHICLE DESIGN FEATURES WHICH MOST AFFECT VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS: TRAIN ROUGHNESS, UNDERFLOOR EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT, TRAIN FRONTAL SHAPE, AND TYPES OF WHEELS. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Escalators KW - Geometric design KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Roughness KW - Stairs KW - Structural design KW - Structural supports KW - Subways KW - Supports KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Vehicle design KW - Ventilation systems KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132079 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242051 AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA PY - 1971/09 AB - TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, AND AIR FLOW VARIABLES WERE ANALYZED TO DEVELOP ENVIRONMENTAL COMFORT CIRTERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SUBWAY STATIONS. IN AN EXAMINATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THERMAL COMFORT, CONSTANT VALUES FOR METABOLIC HEAT PRODUCTION RATES, RADIATIVE AND CONVECTIVE HEAT LOSSES AND GAINS, EVAPORATIVE HEAT LOSS RATES, AND THE STORAGE OF BODY HEAT WERE DEVELOPED. VARIOUS INDICES WERE REVIEWED TO SYNTHESIZE THE THERMAL DESIGN CRITERIA. EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE RANGES ARE DISCUSSED ALONG WITH THE RELATIVE STRAIN CONCEPT, WHICH RELATES THE THERMAL STRESS PLACED ON AN INDIVIDUAL TO HIS MAXIMUM TOLERANCE. THERMAL COMFORT FACTORS IN THE COOLER ENVIRONMENT ARE ALSO EXAMINED. BECAUSE THE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF EACH SUBWAY ARE UNIQUE, NO STANDARDIZED CRITERIA ARE ADVANCED. HOWEVER, METHODS WITH WHICH SUBWAY ENGINEERS CAN DETERMINE THE HUMAN COMFORT LEVELS FOR AN INDIVIDUAL SITUATION ARE SUGGEDTED. SPECIFICATIONS ARE ALSO ADVANCED FOR MAXIMUM AIR VELOCITIES, RAPID PRESSURE CHANGES, AND AIR QUALITY (ODORS, VISIBILITY REDUCTION, CARBON DIOXIDE, TOXIC AIRBORNE CONTAMINANTS, AND EMERGENCY VENTILATION). /UMTA/ KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Air pollution KW - Comfort KW - Flow KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Humidity KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Odors KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Temperature KW - Thermodynamics KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240129 AU - Falcocchio, J AU - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn TI - MODAL CHOICES AND TRAVEL ATTRIBUTES OF THE INNER-CITY POOR PY - 1971/09 AB - DATA WAS COLLECTED USING STANDARD SURVEY TECHNIQUES FOR SEVERAL BASIC VARIABLES. A PROFILE OF INNER CITY RESIDENTS AND THEIR TRAVEL HABITS WAS DEVELOPED WITH REFERENCE TO: (1) RACE; (2) AGE DISTRIBUTION; (3) HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND MEDIAN INCOME; (4) OCCUPATIONAL STATUS; (5) AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP; (6) TRIPS PER HOUSEHOLD; (7) TRIP PURPOSES; AND (8) MODAL SPLIT. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES THE TYPES AND LOCATION OF LAND USE ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ACCESS (EG. MEDICAL FACILITIES, RECREATION, AND SHOPPING) AND A DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING TRANSIT SERVICES IN THE STUDY AREA. SEVERAL BASIC CONCLUSIONS WERE YIELDED BY THE ANALYSIS: (1) INNER CITY RESIDENTS TRAVEL LESS, SIMPLY BECAUSE THEY HAVE LESS MONEY TO SPEND ON TRANSIT FARES. (2) A FURTHER CONSTRAINT TO MOBILITY IS THE MULTIPLE FARE SYSTEM WHICH INCREASES THE COST OF A TRIP ACCORDING TO ITS LENGTH. (3) MOST INNER CITY RESIDENTS ARE TRANSIT CAPTIVES, LACKING ADEQUATE OR RELIABLE ACCESS TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION MODES. (4) TRIPS BY INNER CITY RESIDENTS FOR SHOPPING, MEDICAL, AND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES ARE OF GENERALLY GREATER LENGTH THAN FOR ALL TRANSIT USERS. (5) INNER CITY RESIDENTS ENJOY LESS MOBILITY AND SUFFER REDUCED OPPORTUNITIES FOR ALL TRIP PURPOSES. FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ADVANCED: (1) MULTIPLE- FARE STRUCTURES SHOULD BE ELIMINATED; (2) OFF-PEAK SERVICE SHOULD BE INCREASED; (3) GROUP SHARING OF TAXIS AT REDUCED FARES SHOULD BE PERMITTED; (4) TRANSIT LINES SHOULD BE RE-ROUTED TO SERVE MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS; AND (5) THE COORDINATION OF SERVICE AT MAJOR TRANSFER POINTS SHOULD BE IMPROVED. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Income KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Mobility KW - Modal selection KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Occupations KW - Race KW - Service KW - Surveys KW - Travel KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228256 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Economic Research Assoc TI - IMPROVING THE SAN ANGELO TRANSIT SYSTEM - A RECOMMENDED PROGRAM PY - 1971/09 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO INSURE THAT THE CITY OF SAN ANGELO, TEXAS WILL OBTAIN MAXIMUM UTILIZATION OF ITS NEW TRANSIT FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT, PROVIDED THROUGH THE CITY'S APPROVED MASS TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES GRANT. THE INFORMATION GATHERED CONCERNED REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES OF THE SAN ANGELO TRANSIT SYSTEM, SYSTEM RIDERSHIP HISTORY AND CHARACTERISTICS, TRANSIT EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, ROUTE LOCATIONS AND SCHEDULES, AND OTHER DATA REGARDING SYSTEM OPERATIONS. INFORMATION FROM THE 1960 CENSUS PROVIDED THE BASE DATA PERTAINING TO INCOME, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP, EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, OCCUPATIONAL SKILLS, AND AGE. MAJOR RESIDENTIAL CONCENTRATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED AND PLOTTED ALONG WITH MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATORS, INCLUDING EMMPLOYMENT CENTERS, COMMERCIAL CENTERS AND CONCENTRATIONS, AND COLLGES AND UNIVERSITITES. TO DETERMINE TRANSIT USAGE, RIDERSHIP DATA GENERATED INTERNALLY BY THE BUS DEPARTMENT FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS WAS REVIEWED. ON MAY 20, 1971 A RIDERSHIP COUNT AND SURVEY WAS MADE TO OBTAIN CURRENT AND DETAILED BUS PATRONAGE AND RIDERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS. MONITORS WERE LOCATED ON EACH OF THE CITY'S NINE, IN-BOUND BUS ROUTES TO ADMINISTER THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE. PASSENGER COUNTS WERE TAKEN BY ROUTE AND TIME-OF-DAY, AND QUESTIONNAIRES WERE DISTRIBUTED TO PATRONS. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE PRESENT FARE STRUCTURE BE REVISED AS AN INCENTIVE TO INCREASE PATRONAGE AND THAT EFFORTS BE IMMEDIATELY IN INITIATED TO ENCOURAGE INCREASED CHARTER BUS SERVICE. IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED THAT THE CITY SHOULD DEVELOP AND DISSEMINATE A VARIETY OF INFORMATION ON THE CHANGES TO BE INITIATED IN THE BUS SYSTEM OPERATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118875 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241982 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A LONG RANGE VIEW OF TRANSIT IN NASHVILLE PY - 1971/09 AB - THE ANALYSIS FOCUSES ON SYSTEMS WHICH EMPLOY EXCLUSIVE GUIDEWAYS AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY TO PROVIDE EXPRESS SERVICE WITHIN AN URBAN AREA. AN ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM IMPLICATIONS IS CONTAINED FROM WHICH BASIC SELECTION CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED. FOUR CATEGORIES OF SUCH IMPLICATIONS ARE EXAMINED, INCLUDING: (1) RESOURCE ALLOCATION; (2) URBAN ENVIRONMENT; (3) URBAN MOBILITY; AND (4) URBAN STRUCTURE. INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES OF POTENTIAL CONCEPTS ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL FOR CONVENTIONAL, LARGE-VEHICLE, AND SMALL-VEHICLE SYSTEMS. CONVENTIONAL DESIGNS INCLUDE BUSES (STANDARD, ARTICULATED, DOUBLE-DECK, OR MINI- BUSES ON EXCLUSIVE RIGHT-OF-WAY OR IN MIXED TRAFFIC), RAPID RAIL, AND FULL-SCALE COMMUTER RAILROAD. INNOVATIVE LARGE-VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE BUSES ON METERED FREEWAYS, BI-MODAL BUSES, DIAL-A-BUS, THE WESTINGHOUSE TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY, MONORAIL, THE GRAVITY- VACUUM TUBE, OR AEROTRAIN. SMALL-VEHICLE DESIGNS INCLUDE VARIATIONS OF THE PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT CONCEPT WHICH EMPLOY TWO-TO-FOUR PASSENGER GONDOLAS MOVING ON AN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY. EACH SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT SYSTEMS IS PROVIDED WITH REFERENCE TO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY, CAPITAL COSTS, OPERATING EXPENSES, SATISFACTION OF DESIGN CRITERIA, LAND USE IMPACT AND PROBABLE RIDERSHIP AT DIFFERENT STATION SITES. IMPROVED SURFACE BUS SERVICE IS RECOMMENDED IN CONJUNCTION WITH LONG RANGE LAND USE PLANNING. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Future concepts KW - Guideways KW - Innovation KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242075 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIROMENTAL SURVEY: MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY PY - 1971/09 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE (BOSTON) MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (MBTA) SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF A LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA, AND FOCUSES UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THE EXISTING MBTA SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS CONSTRUCTED PRIOR TO WORLD WAR I, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA USED IN ITS DESIGN ARE NO LONGER AVAILABLE. HOWEVER, TYPICAL HEAT AND AIR VELOCITY PROBLEMS WHICH PREVAIL IN OTHER OPERATING PROPERTIES ARE NOT EXPERIENCED IN THE MBTA SUBWAYS, AND OVERALL CONDITIONS ARE CONSIDERABLY BETTER THAN EXPECTED. TWO POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS ARE: (1) MBTA STATIONS HAVE MORE ENTRANCES AND EXITS WITH LARGER OPENINGS, THUS PROVIDING BETTER NATURAL VENTILATION; AND (2) STATION SPACING IS RELATIVELY SHORT WITH GOOD VENTILATION IN BETWEEN TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE AIR CIRCULATION SYSTEM. PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF CONVENTIONAL BUS TRANSPORTATION INDICATED THAT UNACCEPTABLE LEVELS OF SMOKE, ODOR, AND DIRT WOULD BE GENERATED WITHIN THE UNVENTILATED PASSAGES. LATER EXPERIMENTS USING BUSES EQUIPPED WITH CATALYTIC MUFFLERS REVEALED SUBSTANTIAL DECREASES IN THESE CONDITIONS, AND IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT UP TO 80 SUCH COACHES PER HOUR COULD OPERATE IN THE HARVARD STATION TUNNELS WITHOUT MECHANICAL VENTILATION. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES: A SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM, TYPICAL TUNNEL CROSS SECTIONS, VENTILATION SHAFT DETERMINATIONS, EMERGENCY EXIT LOCATIONS, EMERGENCY FAN SCHEDULE, AND RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE DATA (IE. PHYSICAL, GEOMETRIC, AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS). /UMTA/ KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Heating KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Mufflers KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226470 AU - Klee, H J AU - Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn TI - DESIGN OF A FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMP MERGING CONTROL SYSTEM PY - 1971/09 AB - AS FREEWAY TRAFFIC VOLUMES APPROACH SATURATION, MERGING VEHICLES ON THE ACCESS RAMPS EXPERIENCE FEWER ACCEPTABLE GAPS IN THE RIGHT LANE FLOW AND HENCE AN INCREASED DELAY TIME. THESE FACTORS COMBINE TO CREATE A NON-OPTIMAL MERGING PATTERN CAUSED BY DRIVERS WHO REJECT ACCEPTABLE GAPS OR ATTEMPT THE MERGING MANEUVER AT INOPPORTUNE MOMENTS. MANY REJECTED GAPS COULD BE ACCEPTED IF VEHICLES AT THE RAMP "NOSE" WERE IN MOTION, AND MANY MERGING ACCIDENTS COULD BE PREVENTED IF THEY WERE NOT. THE REPORT EXAMINES THE POTENTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF AN ENTRANCE RAMP EQUIPPED WITH A GAP ACCEPTANCE CONTROLLER. SIMPLE METERING IS ALSO INCLUDED, AND RAMP VEHICLE DELAY CURVES FOR BOTH MODES OF OPERATION IN ADDITION TO UNCONTROLLED MERGING ARE PRESENTED. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS FOCUSED UPON SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE MERGING VEHICLE AND ACCEPTABLE FREEWAY GAPS. A TECHNIQUE IS PRESENTED FOR APPROXIMATING THE GAP PROPAGATION PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS THAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO ANY DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL RELEASE TIMES FROM THE RAMP OF VEHICLES IN THE GAP ACCEPTANCE CONTROL MODE. THE PROBLEM OF LOCATING THE FREEWAY SENSOR IS STRESSED. A QUANTITATIVE ILLUSTRATION NOTING THE APPLICATION OF THE SYNCHRONIZATION ALGORITHM IS PROVIDED. /UMTA/ KW - Control systems KW - Freeway entrances and exits KW - Freeway ramps KW - Gap acceptance KW - Merging traffic KW - Ramps (Interchanges) KW - Synchronization KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241973 AU - Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority TI - NIAGARA FRONTIER MASS TRANSIT STUDY - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1971/09 AB - THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN FOUR PHASES: (1) COLLECTION AND EVALUATION OF DATA, (2) SELECTION OF VEHICLE AND GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS, (3)TESTING OF ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENTS AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS, AND (4) DETERMINATION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY. PHASE ONE ACTIVITIES INCLUDED AN INVENTORY OF THE ELEVEN REGIONL BUS COMPANIES, A MODAL- SPLIT ANALYSIS OF EXISTING RIDERSHIP, AN ATTITUDE SURVEY OF AREA HOUSEHOLDS, TRAVEL-TIME CHECKS, A PARKING SURVEY, PREDICTED FUTURE LAND USE STUDIES, AND GENERATION OF SERVICE STANDARDS. OPERATIONAL CRITERIA FOR FUTURE SERVICES WERE DEVELOPED WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTING, SERVICE FREQUENCY, LOADING FACTORS, HEADWAYS, STATION SPACING, VEHICLE SPEED, TRANSFER TIME, AND RATES. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT ESTIMATES A LIKELY REGIONAL HIGHWAY NETWORK FOR 1975. ALL THIS INFORMATION SERVED AS INPUT TO A COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT GENERATED 23 ALTERNATIVE SEGMENTAL LINKS FOR THE PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT LINE. THESE WERE EVALUATED FOR THEIR IMPACT ON SEVEN URBAN DESIGN FACTORS AND SEVEN SERVICE QUALITY FEATURES. THE ANALYSIS YIELDED THREE ALIGNMENTS, WHICH WERE THEN TESTED AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, PROPERTY ACQUISITION, SERVICE POTENTIAL, PROXIMITY TO MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS, ENGINEERING CONSTRAINTS, DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COSTS, IMPACT ON EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS, AND ADAPTABILITY TO FEEDER BUS AND PARK-AND-RIDE FACILITIES. MORE THAN 200 MODES OF URBAN TRANSPORT WERE CATALOGUED AND SCREENED IN A PRE- SELECTION PROCESS WHEREIN EACH PROPOSED SYSTEM WAS RATED ACCORDING TO FIVE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: MINIMUM SERVICE PARAMETERS, PEAK-HOUR CAPACITIES OF 20,000 PASSENGERS, FAIL-SAFE AUTOMATIC CONTROLS, COST, AND FEASIBILITY WITHIN STATE-OF-THE-ART. EIGHT SPECIFIC SYSTEMS WERE SELECTED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A CONVENTIONAL HEAVY VOLUME, STEEL WHEEL DUORAIL WILL BEST SATISFY TRANSIT REQUIREMENTS IN THE CORRIDOR. SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE REGIONAL BUS NETWORK ARE OUTLINED, ALONG WITH STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE RAPID TRANSIT GUIDEWAYS AND STATIONS. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED SEVEN- YEAR IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM ARE ALSO CONSIDERED. THE REPORT CONTAINS PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE RECOMMENDED TRANSIT ROUTE AND OTHER PERTINENT ILLUSTRATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Computer programs KW - Guideways KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Modal split KW - Mode S KW - Networks KW - Parking KW - Public opinion KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239500 AU - Deuker, K J AU - Stoner, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MASS TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY: IOWA CITY (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1971/09 AB - A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF BUS TRANSIT IN THE IOWA CITY, IOWA, METROPOLITAN AREA AND A RECOMMENDED SHORT-RANGE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IS PRESENTED. A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF TRANSIT TRENDS IN IOWA CITY AND RESULTS OF AN ON-BUS SURVEY ARE PROVIDED. SYSTEM OPERATIONS, GROSS RIDERSHIP, RIDERSHIP, ROUTING, HEADWAYS, FARES, QUALITATIVE VARIABLES, TRIP GENERATION, TRIP PATTERNS, AND RIDERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. TWO ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT ARE SUGGESTED: A LINE-HAUL SYSTEM FOCUSED ON THE DOWNTOWN-CAMPUS AREA AND A COMBINATION OF LINE-HAUL ROUTING AND SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE. BOTH WERE DETERMINED TO BE ECONOMICALLY INFEASIBLE WITHIN THE FISCAL CAPABILITIES OF THE MUNICIPALITY TO PROVIDE SUBSIDIES. A FINAL RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IS THEREFORE PROPOSED WHICH COMPROMISES DEMAND-RESPONSIVE ROUTING AND COSTS. ELEVEN SPECIFIC ROUTES ARE DELINEATED. ESTIMATED PATRONAGE ON THE NEW SYSTEM WAS CALIBRATED WITH A MODAL SPLIT MODEL WHICH EMPLOYED VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA. A RECOMMENDED FARE STRUCTURE WAS ALSO SYNTHESIZED. DETAILED COST ESTIMATES ARE PROVIDED AND COMPARED WITH PROJECTED REVENUES. PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING, URBAN STREET IMPROVEMENT, PARKING DEVELOPMENT, DRIVER TRAINING, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF TRANSIT OPERATION ARE DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Headways KW - Laws KW - Line haul KW - Management KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240127 AU - Cantilli, E J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - INTRODUCING PATRON OPINION INTO RESOURCE-ALLOCATION FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/09 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP A MEANS OF DISTRIBUTING FUNDS FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT IN WHICH PUBLIC OPINION PLAYS AN INTEGRAL ROLE IN THE FORMULATION OF AN ALLOCATION INDEX. A MODEL WAS DEVELOPED WHICH EMPHASIZED METHODS OF WEIGHTING VARIOUS AMENITY FACTORS AND MEASURING EFFECTIVENESS AS A FUNCTION OF THE GAP BETWEEN EXISTING AND DESIRED CONDITIONS. THE MODEL WAS TESTED USING DATA COLLECTED AT 25 SUBWAY STATIONS OF THE NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY IN 1969. THE SURVEY REVEALED A HIERARCHY OF TEN AMENITY FEATURES WHICH THE SUBWAY RIDERS INDICATED SHOULD BE IMPROVED. THE RELATIVE WEIGHT GIVEN TO EACH OF THESE FEATURES WAS THEN USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE FUNDS WHICH SHOULD BE ALLOCATED TOWARD IMPROVEMENT. THE CONDITION OF EACH AMENITY WAS ANALYZED AND RANKED ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF INCREMENTAL "STEPS" NECESSARY TO REACH THE LEVEL OF COMFORT DESIRED BY TRANSIT PATRONS. THIS DATA SERVED AS THE INPUT TO A CONVENTIONAL BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS FROM WHICH AN OPTIMIZED ALLOCATION FORMULA WAS DEVELOPED. A BRIEF LITERATURE SURVEY OF PARALLEL WORK AND A REVIEW OF EXISTING ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES ARE INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Community values KW - Data collection KW - Fund allocations KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Quality control KW - Social values KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228259 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - ST. LOUIS METROPLITAN AREA - RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY LONG-RANGE PROGRAM PY - 1971/08 AB - THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO DETERMINE THE TYPE OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM OR SYSTEMS MOST APPROPIATE FOR ST. LOUIS IN THE FUTURE; TO EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS AND ROUTINGS; AND TO PROVIDE THE COMMUNITY'S DECISION-MAKERS WITH SUFFICIENT INFORMATION CONCERNING COSTS, BENEFITS, AND RELATED FACTORS TO PERMIT SELECTION AND EARLY IMPLEMENTATION OF A PLAN TO GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA'S TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE STUDY CONSISTED OF THREE BROAD PHASES. PHASE I WAS CONCERNED WITH DATA GATHERING, BUT ALSO INCLUDED ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TRANSIT SERVICE AND TRANSIT TRIP-MAKING CHARACTERISTICS, WHICH FORMED THE BASIS FOR THE SUBSEQUENT STUDY PHASES. A SAMPLE HOME INTERVIEW TRAVEL SURVEY, SCHOOL TRIP SURVEYS, AN INVENTORY OF FACILITIES, SUPPLEMENTARY TRANSIT SURVEYS AND COUNTS, AND A REVIEW OF HISTORICAL TRENDS AND PREVIOUS STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED. PHASE II WAS CONCERNED WITH THE ANTICIPATED FUTURE GROWTH OF THE AREA AND CHANGES IN ITS SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS THAT ARE LIKELY TO AFFECT TRANSIT REQUIRE- MENTS; DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM POLICIES; & AN EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL & ALTERNATIVE FUTURE TRANSIT SYSTEMS. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DECISIONS REACHED BY THE BI-STATE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY AND THE EAST-WEST GATEWAY COORDINATING COUNCIL, THE TWO ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS SELECTED FOR PHASE III ANALYSIS WERE: (1) A SYSTEM OF BUSES USING THE EXISTING AND PROPOSED FUTURE HIGHWAY NETWORK WITH IMPROVEMENTS THAT COULD BE ACHIEVED AT MODEST COST, AND (2) A TRAIN (RAIL-LIKE) SYSTEM OPERATING ON GRADE-SEPARATED EXCLUSIVE RIGHT-OF-WAY. THE EARLY PORTION OF PHASE III CONSISTED OF AN ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH OF THE SYSTEMS. THE DECISION WAS THEN MADE TO PROCEED WITH AN ORDER-OF-MAGNITUDE PLANNING APPROACH FOR AN AREA-WIDE TRAIN SYSTEM SUPPLEMENTED BY A COMPLEMENTARY SURFACE BUS SYSTEM. AS A RESULT OF THE INVESTIGATIONS AND ANALYSES CARRIED OUT DURING THE COURSE OF THE STUDY THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS WERE REACHED: (1) REVENUES FROM THE NEW TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WILL BE ADEQUATE TO COVER OPERATING COSTS, INCLUDING CONTINGENCY AND DEPRECIATION ON VEHICLES. (2) IF RAPID TRANSIT IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN THE ST. LOUIS AREA, IT SHOULD UTILIZE STEEL-WHEEL/STEEL RAIL, AIR-CONDITIONED VEHICLES OPERATING IN AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED TRAINS WITH MINIMUM HEADWAYS OF 90 SECONDS. (3) THE FORECAST GROWTH OF THE STUDY AREA FROM A POPULATION OF ABOUT 2,300,000 IN 1965 TO ALMOST 3,200,000 BY 1990, ACCOMPANIED BY A CORRESPONDING GROWTH IN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CHANGES IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTCS OF THE INHABITANTS, WILL RESULT IN 60-PERCENT MORE TRIPS BEING MADE ON A TYPICAL WEEKDAY IN 1990 THAN WERE RECORDED ON A TYPICAL WEEKDAY IN 1965. A CONTINUING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING EFFORT SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED WHICH WOULD COORDINATE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT WITH THE PLANNING OF HIGHWAYS, URBAN RENEWAL AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, AND OTHER RELATED ACTIVITIES. THIS PLANNING EFFORT SHOULD ALSO INCLUDE THE MONITORING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE NEEDS OF THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA. /UMTA/ KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder buses KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240162 AU - Calif Business & Transportation Agency TI - TRANSP-EMPLOYMENT PROJECT-A RESEARCH PROJECT TO DETERMINE AND TEST THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PUBLIC TRANSP SYSTEM AND JOB AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES OF LOW INCOME GROUPS (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1971/08 AB - UNCONVENTIONAL BUS SERVICES WERE DEVELOPED FOR LOW-INCOME RESIDENTS OF THE LOS ANGELES INNER CITY. THE PROJECT SOUGHT TO IMPROVE PUBLIC INFORMATION ABOUT AND ACCESS TO A TRANSIT SYSTEM TAILORED TO COMMUNITY NEEDS. PHASE III COMBINED OPERATIONS WITH THE EAST LOS ANGELES COMMUNITY IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION AND THE WATTS LABOR COMMUNITY ACTION COMMITTEE. IN EACH CASE, SPECIAL BUS SERVICES WERE PROVIDED FOR HOME- TO-WORK TRIPS, SHOPPING, AND SENIOR CITIZENS. THE EMPLOYMENT-RELATED TRANSPORTATION WAS TAILORED TO JOB OPPORTUNITIES AT SIXTEEN AREA CENTERS; FARES WERE KEPT LOW TO ENCOURAGE PATRONAGE. COMPLETE STATISTICAL DATA AND ROUTE MAPS ARE APPENDED. A MAJOR PROJECT OBJECTIVE WAS TO PROMOTE THE CONTINUATION OF SERVICES AFTER THE DEMONSTRATION HAD TERMINATED. PERMANENT ARRANGEMENTS FOR BUS OPERATIONS WERE DEVELOPED THROUGH THREE APPROACHES: (1) ESTABLISHING OR EXTENDING ROUTES WITHIN THE CONVENTIONAL PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM; (2) INSTITUTIONALIZING SERVICES BY PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND CAR POOLS; AND (3) PERPETUATING THE SPECIAL SERVICES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT TRANSPORTATION SERVICES ARE AN INCOMPLETE BUT ESSENTIAL SOLUTION TO COMMUNITY PROBLEMS; OTHER QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE OVERALL DEMONSTRATION ARE MADE. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Demand KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Inner cities KW - Latent demand KW - Low income groups KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242056 AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated TI - SINGLE TRACT SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION MODEL--PHASE I PY - 1971/08 AB - THE ST-SES MODEL, A DESIGNER-ORIENTED COMPUTER PROGRAM WHICH SIMULATES THE OPERATION OF TRAINS IN A SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY SYSTEM AND COMPUTES THE RESULTANT AIR FLOWS, TEMPERATURES, AND HUMIDITIES, IS DESCRIBED. THE COMPUTER PROGRAM COMPRISES THREE INDEPENDENT COMPUTATIONAL SEQUENCES WHICH PROVIDE A CONTNUOUS SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PHENOMENA INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF A SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT. THE TRAIN PERFORMANCE SUBPROGRAM SIMULATES THE AMOUNT OF HEAT PRODUCED BY THEIR OPERATION. OUTPUT FROM THE SUBPROGRAM INCLUDES THE POSITION, VELOCITY, AND RATE OF ACCELERATION OR BRAKING OF ALL TRAINS IN THE SYSTEM ON A SECOND-BY-SECOND BASIS. THE AERODYNAMIC SUBPROGRAM PROVIDES CONTINUOUS READINGS OF THE AIR VELOCITIES AND FLOW RATES IN ALL SUBWAY STATIONS, TUNNELS, AND VENTILATION SHAFTS. THIS SUBPROGRAM COMPUTES AIR FLOWS GENERATED BY THE PISTON ACTION OF TRAINS IN THE TUNNELS AS WELL AS THOSE INTRODUCED BY MECHANICAL VENTILATION. THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SUBPROGRAM COMPUTES CONTINUOUS, SECOND-BY-SECOND VALUES FOR THE SENSIBLE AND LATENT CONTENT OF THE AIR IN SUBWAY STATIONS, TUNNELS, AND VENTILATION SHAFTS. THESE COMPUTATIONS INCLUDE CONSIDERATION OF ALL SUBWAY HEAT INPUTS (TRAIN OPERATIONS, PASSENGER METABOLIC HEAT, VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING, ETC.) AS WELL AS THE COMPENSATORY PHENOMENA (VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING. HEAT CONDUCTION TO TUNNEL WALLS, ETC). A LONG-TERM HEAT SINK COMPUTER PROGRAM WAS ALSO DEVELOPED TO INVESTIGATE THE NATURE OF DEEP HEAT SINK SURROUNDING A SUBWAY TUNNEL. THE RESULTS OF AN ST-SES DEMONSTRATION INVOLVING THE OPTIMUM CONFIGURATION OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT AND VENT SHAFT LOCATION IS INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Computer programming KW - Humidity KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Railroad transportation KW - Simulation KW - Single track KW - Single-track tunnels KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Time KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Velocity KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044213 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY LONG-RANGE PROGRAM-SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT PY - 1971/08 AB - Proposed criteria, vehicle design specifications, station configuration, construction methods, operating characteristics, route descriptions, and cost estimates are presented for a steel-wheel/steel-rail transit system for the St. Louis metropolitan area. The suggested long-range transit program envisions a system consisting of a grade-separated transit system on an exclusive right-of-way utilizing new construction for at-grade, aerial, and subway structures. In addition, a comprehensive bus system would be integrated into the system as an essential element to be used both for feeder--distributor service and for travel demands not conveniently served by the rail transit routes. The proposed rail system consists of eight lines (five in Missouri, two in Illinois, and one connecting the two states). An additional line, the Kirkwood line, is suggested as a possible addition to the long-range transit program, provided that the right-of-way and trackage can be provided at low cost. Three basic types of construction were considered for the project: subway, aerial, and at-grade. With subway construction, community disruption and dislocation of people and businesses would be minimal. Stations can be mined out, further reducing disruption at the surface. Because of these advantages, and because the estimated cost of tunneling in the rock formation is competitive with the cost of aerial structure plus right-of-way, it is planned to construct more than 67 miles of the rapid transit system underground. The total patronage estimated for the long-range transit program was 600,000 daily trips. KW - Rapid transit KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044214 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA--RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY LONG-RANGE PROGRAM PY - 1971/08 AB - The purposes of this study were to determine the type of mass transit system or systems most appropriate for St. Louis in the future; to evaluate alternative system configurations and routings; and to provide the community's decision-makers with sufficient information concerning costs, benefits, and related factors to permit selection and early implementation of a plan to guide the development of the area's transit system. The study consisted of three broad phases. Phase I was concerned with data gathering, Phase II was concerned with the anticipated future growth of the area and changes in its socioeconomic characteristics that are likely to affect transit requirements; development of public transport system policies; and an evaluation of conventional and alternative future transit systems. The two alternative systems selected for Phase II analysis were: (1) a system of buses using the existing and proposed future highway network with improvements that could be achieved at modest cost, and (2) a train (rail-like) system operating on grade-separated exclusive right-of-way. The early portion of Phase III consisted of an analysis and presentation of the advantages and disadvantages of each of the systems. The decision was then made to proceed with an order-of-magnitude planning approach for an area-wide train system supplemented by a complementary surface bus system. As a result of the investigations and analyses carried out during the course of the study the following conclusions were reached: 1) Revenues from the new transportation system will be adequate to cover operating costs, including contingency and depreciation on vehicles. 2) If rapid transit is to be implemented in the St. Louis area, it should utilize steel-wheel/steel-rail, air-conditioned vehicles operating in automatically controlled trains with minimum headways of 90 seconds. (3) The forecast growth of the study area from a population of about 2,300,000 in 1965 to almost 3,200,000 by 1990, accompanied by a corresponding growth in employment opportunities and changes in the socioeconomic characteristics of the inhabitants, will result in 60-percent more trips being make on a typical weekday in 1990 than were recorded on a typical weekday in 1965. KW - Rapid transit KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242039 AU - SWETNAM, G F AU - Willingham, F L AU - MITRE Corporation TI - EVALUATION OF CITY TRANSIT BUS 'E.I.P.' KITS TO REDUCE ENGINE SMOKE, ODOR, NOXIOUS EMISSIONS AND NOISE PY - 1971/08 AB - A DEMONSTRATION TO TEST AND EVALUATE BUS "EIP" (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM) KITS IN TWO MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS IS DESCRIBED. AVAILABLE EIP EQUIPMENT CAN BE APPLIED TO MOST OF THE 24,000 "NEW LOOK" TRANSIT VEHICLES PRODUCED SINCE 1959, WHICH COMPRISE THE MOST ACTIVE PART OF OUR NATIONAL FLEET. AT PRESENT, APPROXIMATELY 300 NEW BUSES HAVE FACTORY- INSTALLED EIP EQUIPMENT; 39 EXISTING VEHICLES WERE OUTFITTED WITH KITS FOR THE PRESENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. THE FIVE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF EIP HARDWARE ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL: (1) A REDESIGNED NEEDLE-TYPE LSN FUEL INJECTOR; (2) A VERTICAL, ASPIRATED EXHAUST STACK; (3) A MUFFLED AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM; (4) ENERGY ABSORBING ENGINE MOUNTS; AND (5) AN EXHAUST HEAT- ACTIVATED, CATALYTIC REACTOR INCORPORATED INTO A NEW MUFFLER. IN TWO DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN TO TEST AND EVALUATE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE, THE EIP KITS PRODUCED MEASUREABLE REDUCTION OF SMOKE, ODORS, AND NOXIOUS EMISSIONS, AS WELL AS SOME REDUCTION IN BUS NOISE. BUSES EQUIPPED WITH EIP KITS ARE LIKELY TO PASS THE CALIFORNIA STANDARDS PROPOSED FOR 1973, BUT BECAUSE THE KITS DO NOT APPRECIABLY REDUCE EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES, THEY WILL PROBABLY FAIL THE STANDARDS PROPOSED FOR 1975. INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS FOR EACH EIP COMPONENT AND A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF COST CONSIDERATIONS FOR FLEET APPLICATIONS ARE CONTAINED. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Energy absorption KW - Equipment KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel injection KW - Laws KW - Noise control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228265 AU - Ashford, N AU - Holloway, F M AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - THE PERMANENCE OF TRIP GENERATION EQUATIONS-REPORT NO 6 PY - 1971/08 AB - TRIP GENERATION MODELS ARE EXAMINED TO EVALUATE THEIR DESCRIPTIVE AND PREDICTIVE CAPABILITIES AFTER THE PASSAGE OF SEVERAL YEARS. THE RESULTS FROM A MODEL USING DATA COLLECTED IN THE PITTSBURGH METROPOLITAN AREA IN 1958 AND 1962 ARE COMPARED. EQUATIONS FOR LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS WERE DERIVED WHICH RELATED TRIP GENERATION TO EIGHT INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: (1) NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS; (2) POPULATION; (3) LICENSED DRIVERS; (4) AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP; (5) RESIDENTIAL ACRES; (6) POPULATION DENSITY; (7) AGE DISTRIBUTION; AND (8) DISTANCE FROM CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. IN BOTH SAMPLES, TRIP GENERATORS WERE CLASSIFIED TO YIELD TRIPS IN SEVERAL CATEGORIES FOR DETAILED STUDY. THESE INCLUDED PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND "OTHER" WORK TRIPS, HOME-BASED NONWORK TRIPS, AND A RESIDUAL CATEGORY COMBINING SCHOOL TRIPS AND MISCELLANEOUS DATA. SURVEY PROCEDURES AND RESULTS BROKEN DOWN BY ZONES ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. TO COMPARE PERFORMANCE OF THE MODEL IN ESTIMATING TRIP GENERATION FOR EACH SET OF DATA, RANDOM SAMPLES OF NEARLY 800 HOUSEHOLDS WERE SELECTED AND ANALYZED WITH REFERENCE TO PERSONS PER HOUSEHOLD, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP, PROXIMATE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY, AND TRAVEL DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER CITY. THE COMPARISON WAS MADE USING A "DUMMY VARIABLE TECHNIQUE" WHICH MEASURES SIGNIFICNAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE REGRESSION CONSTANTS OF CONVENTIONAL MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUATIONS. THE COMPARISON YIELDED SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS INDICATING THAT TRIP GENERATION MODELS DO NOT ENJOY PERMANENT APPLICATIONS, AND THAT PERFORMANCE TENDS TO DIMINISH OVER TIME. /UMTA/ KW - Accuracy KW - Age KW - Dummies KW - Dummy variables KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Population KW - Regression analysis KW - Surveys KW - Time KW - Trip generation KW - Variables KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228260 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY LONG-RANGE PROGRAM - SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT PY - 1971/08 AB - PROPOSED CRITERIA, VEHICLE DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, STATION CONFIGURATION, CONSTRUCTION METHODS, OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS, ROUTE DISCRIPTIONS, AND COST ESTIMATES ARE PRESENTED FOR A STEEL-WHEEL/STEEL-RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA. THE SUGGESTED LONG-RANGE TRANSIT PROGRAM ENVISIONS A SYSTEM CONSISTING OF A GRADE-SEPARATED TRANSIT SYSTEM ON AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT-OF-WAY UTILIZING NEW CONSTRUCTION FOR AT-GRADE, AERIAL, AND SUBWAY STRUCTURES. IN ADDITION, A COMPREHENSIVE BUS SYSTEM WOULD BE INTEGRATED INTO THE SYSTEM AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT TO BE USED BOTH FOR FEEDER--DISTRIBUTOR SERVICE AND FOR TRAVEL DEMANDS NOT CONVENIENTLY SERVED BY THE RAIL TRANSIT ROUTES. THE PROPOSED RAIL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF EIGHT LINES (FIVE IN MISSOURI, TWO IN ILLINOIS, AND ONE CONNECTING THE TWO STATES). AN ADDITIONAL LINE, THE KIRKWOOD LINE, IS SUGGESTED AS A POSSIBLE ADDITION TO THE LONG-RANGE TRANSIT PROGRAM, PROVIDED THAT THE RIGHT-OF-WAY AND TRACKAGE CAN BE PROVIDED AT LOW COST. UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT CONVENIENCE AND COMFORT ARE THE TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF MODAL CHOICE, IT WAS ESTABLISHED THAT DURING OPERATING HOURS THE MAXIMUM HEADWAYS FOR TRAINS WOULD BE TEN MINUTES AND THAT THERE WOULD BE ADEQUATE SEATING, INCORPORATION OF NOISE CONTROL TECHNIQUES, AIR CONDITIONING OF THE CARS, AND HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING OF THE STATIONS. THREE BASIC TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION WERE CONSIDERED FOR THE PROJECT: SUBWAY, AERIAL, AND AT-GRADE. WITH SUBWAY CONSTRUCTION, COMMUNITY DISRUPTION AND DISLOCATION OF PEOPLE AND BUSINESSES WOULD BE MINIMAL. STATIONS CAN BE MINED OUT, FURTHER REDUCING DISRUPTION AT THE SURFACE. BECAUSE OF THESE ADVANTAGES, AND BECAUSE THE ESTIMATED COST OF TUNNELING IN THE ROCK FORMATION IS COMPETITIVE WITH THE COST OF AERIAL STRUCTURE PLUS RIGHT-OF-WAY, IT IS PLANNED TO CONSTRUCT MORE THAN 67 MILES OF THE RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM UNDERGROUND. PATRONAGE ESTIMATES WERE MADE FOR THE YEAR 1990 ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE RAPID TRANSIT LINES, THE KIRKWOOD LINE, AND THE BUS NETWORK WILL BE IN FULL OPERATION. THE TOTAL PATRONAGE ESTIMATED FOR THE LONG-RANGE TRANSIT PROGRAM WAS 600,000 DAILY TRIPS. /UMTA/ KW - Design KW - Feeder buses KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241988 AU - Peterson, Wc Consulting Engrs AU - Hill, Norman F Consultant TI - AN URBAN MASS TRANSIT STUDY FOR THE CITY OF BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS PY - 1971/08 AB - FROM 850 INTERVIEWS OF BUS PASSENGERS CONDUCTED DURING A WEEK-LONG SURVEY, AND FROM A RANDOM TELEPHONE SAMPLING OF 100 RESIDENTS, IT WAS ESTIMATED THAT ONE HALF OF THE CITY'S BUS RIDERSHIP ORIGINATES IN THREE LOW-INCOME CENSUS TRACTS CONTAINING A THIRD OF THE POPULATION OF BROWNSVILLE. THE FACTS THAT 90% OF THE RIDERS WALK NEARLY HALF A MILE TO AND FROM THE BUS, AND THAT 70% USE THE BUS DAILY INDICATED THAT EXPANSION OF SERVICE IN THESE TRACTS WOULD BE SUCCESSFUL. IT WAS NOTED IN THE INTERVIEWS THAT REQUESTS FOR LOWER FARES WERE COUPLED WITH A DESIRE FOR NEW AND OVER-HAULED BUSES, SUGGESTING THAT THE TWO PRIVATELY OWNED COMPANIES ARE NOT DOING AN EFFECTIVE JOB OF PUBLIC RELATIONS AMONG THEIR RIDERS. VARIOUS MEANS OF RATIONALIZING THE BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM ARE RECOMMENDED, BOTH TO IMPROVE EXISTING SERVICES AND TO PROVIDE FOR CHANGING NEEDS IN THE FUTURE. THERE IS URGENT NEED FOR A CENTRAL MASS TRANSIT TERMINAL IN THE BROWNSVILLE CBD, AND RIDERS NEED BETTER PUBLICIZED AND WIDELY DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULE INFORMATION. A PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM IS RECOMMENDED. KW - Bus transportation KW - Captive riders KW - Data collection KW - Income KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Service KW - Surveys KW - Walking distance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239458 AU - MITTELBACH, F G AU - Schneider, M I AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - REMOTE SENSING: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO URBAN AND REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT PY - 1971/08 AB - REMOTE SENSING CONNOTES THE DETECTION, SURVEILLANCE, AND EVALUATION OF OBJECTS AND ACTIVITIES WITHOUT DIRECT CONTACT. THE CONCEPT DERIVES FROM THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ENERGY TRANSMISSION. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATTER TRANSMIT ENERGY AT SPECIFIC FREQUENCIES ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM; REMOTE SENSING EMPLOYS THIS PRINCIPLE TO PERMIT THE MONITORING OF A DISTANT PHENOMENON BASED UPON ITS DISTINCT ENERGY DISCHARGE. THE REPORT DESCRIBES REMOTE SENSING DEVICES WITH REFERENCE TO THE DIFFERENT FREQUENCY RANGES IN WHICH THEY OPERATE. THE EQUIPMENT MAY BE OF TWO TYPES: (1) ACTIVE SENSORS WHICH "ILLUMINATE" THE TARGET AREA BY TRANSMITTING RADIATION OF A PARTICULAR WAVELENGTH AND SAMPLING ITS REFLECTION BY THE TARGET; OR (2) PASSIVE SENSORS WHICH ONLY SAMPLE THE RADIATION EMITTED BY SPECIFIC SOURCES. A MAJOR PROBLEM IN MOST CONTEMPORARY APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING OCCURS AT THE DATA COLLECTION-DATA REDUCTION INTERFACE. WHILE MOST URBAN USES OF THE CONCEPT RELY UPON SOME FORM OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, ANALYSIS OF THE DATA HAS GENERALLY REQUIRED VISUAL INTERPRETATION BY NON-AUTOMATED MEANS. ATTEMPTS TO DIGITIZE SUCH INFORMATION HAVE INCURRED PROHIBITIVE COST-EFFECTIVENESS RATIOS. THE REPORT ALSO CITES SOME POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE AREA OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. REMOTE SENSING CAN, FOR EXAMPLE, PLOT TRAFFIC FLOWS OR DEFINE LAND USE INTERFACES WITHIN A COMPLEX URBAN SYSTEM. THE MOST PROMISING APPLICATIONS ARE FOR INVENTORYING SUCH OBSERVABLE DATA AS TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES, TRAVEL BEHAVIOR, TRAFFIC MOVEMENT, AND LAND USE. REMOTE SENSING MAY BE USED TO ASSIST DIRECTLY IN TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING, TO GENERATE RANDOM DATA FOR PLANNING AN INFORMATION BASE, OR AS AN EDUCATIONAL DEVICE. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data reduction KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Remote sensing KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239466 AU - Liff, S D AU - Michaels, R M AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - PUBLIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN URBAN MASS TRANSIT PY - 1971/08 AB - THE PUBLIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE DEFINED AS THE MEANS OF FACILITATING THE INTERFACE BETWEEN PASSENGERS (OR POTENTIAL PASSENGERS) AND THE TRANSIT HARDWARE SYSTEM. IN THIS CONTEXT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE DISTINGUISHED FROM ADVERTISING OR PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE LESS PASSIVE AND IMPERMANENT. THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIZED THAT IMPROVEMENTS IN VARIOUS INFORMATION AIDS WOULD ATTRACT ADDITIONAL PATRONAGE TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. PREVIOUS RESEARCH STUDIES IN THE FIELD ARE REVIEWED AT LENGTH. THE REPORT ALSO DESCRIBES SPECIFIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUCH AS MAPS, SCHEDULES, TELEPHONE SERVICES, SIGNS AND MARKERS, INFORMATION BOOTHS, ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND OTHER MEDIA. COMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS WERE USED TO DETERMINE PUBLIC ATTITUDES CONCERNING INFORMATION IMPROVEMENTS MOST LIKELY TO STIMULATE INCREASED PATRONAGE. RESPONDANTS COMPARED THE RELATIVE DESIRABILITY OF ALTERNATE PAIRS OF INFORMATION DEVICES. SCALING METHODS FOR ATTITUDES AND RATIOS ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. NO SUBSTANTIVE EVIDENCE WAS FOUND TO LINK INFORMATION IMPROVEMENTS WITH INCREASED RIDERSHIP; THE INFORMATION FUNCTION DID NOT APPEAR TO BE A SENSITIVE VARIABLE IN THE ANALYSIS. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Information systems KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242052 AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY: VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS--PHASE I PY - 1971/08 AB - THIS IS A RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR REFERENCES IN FOUR AREAS: (1) PASSENGER COMFORT (HUMAN TOLERANCES AND PREFERENCES TO VARIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT), (2) SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT, (3) HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION, AND (4) AERODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF VEHICLES IN TUBES. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCE MATERIAL WAS OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COLLECTIONS, INDEXES OF BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENGINEERING RESEARCH, AND SPECIALIZED LITERATURE SEARCHES. THE DOCUMENTS SPAN A PERIOD OF 30 YEARS AND REFLECT STATE-OF-THE-ART IN ALL SUBJECTS. REFERENCES ARE LISTED ALPHABETICALLY BY AUTHOR WITHIN EACH TOPICAL CATEGORY, AND COMPLETE BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IS PROVIDED. THE INDEX ALSO INDICATES WHICH REPORTS WILL BE AVAILABLE FROM THE INSTITUTE FOR RAPID TRANSIT UPON COMPLETION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY PROGRAM. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Bibliographies KW - Environment KW - Passenger comfort KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Subways KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241944 AU - Rea, J C AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - DESIGNING URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS - AN APPROACH TO THE ROUTE - TECHNOLOGY SELECTION PROBLEM, RESEARCH REPORT NO 6 PY - 1971/08 AB - THIS RESEARCH DEVELOPS A SCREENING MODEL FOR THE DESIGN OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE MODEL DEFINES TRANSIT SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND HARDWARE SYSTEM USAGE SUBJECT TO GIVEN POLICY CONSTRAINTS AND AVAILABLE HARDWARE SYSTEMS. THE BASIC CONCEPT OF THE MODEL IS A SERVICE SPECIFICATION WHICH INTEGRATES HARDWARE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES AND OPERATING POLICY. WALK MODE MAY BE INCLUDED IN THE SPECIFICATION FOR THE LOWEST RANGE OF LINK FLOWS. THE TEMPLATE NETWORK MAY BE PLANAR OR NON-PLANAR AND MAY INCLUDE EXISTING TRANSIT FACILITY LINKS. THE CURRENT MODEL ASSUMES THAT TRANSIT DEMAND IS KNOWN. /AUTHOR/ KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242050 AU - Roos, D AU - Porter, E H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT MASS-MTD-6 (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1971/08 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT WAS TWOFOLD: (1) TO STUDY THE TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM; AND (2) TO DEVELOP, DOCUMENT, TEST, AND DELIVER COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND RELATED SOFTWARE CAPABLE OF OPERATING A DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM. ELEVEN SEPARATE REPORTS WERE GENERATED BY THE INITIAL RESEARCH OPERATION, COVERING SYSTEM FEASIBILITY, ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS, COMPUTER CONFIGURATIONS AND SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS, VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS, DEMONSTRATION PROCEDURES AND SITE SELECTION, VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS, IMPLICATIONS FOR THE POOR, LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF INNOVATIVE TRANSIT SYSTEMS. EACH REPORT IS DESCRIBED BRIEFLY, INCLUDING EXCERPTS FROM SUMMARY MATERIAL AND THE RESPECTIVE TABLES OF CONTENTS. AFTER SOME EIGHTEEN MONTHS, THE ORIGINAL FEDERAL GRANT WAS AMENDED TO PERMIT AN ADDITIONAL FOURTEEN MONTHS OF RESEARCH INTO COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MANUAL BACKUP REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM. THREE COMPUTER PROGRAMS WERE GENERATED: (1) THE BASIC PROGRAM, FOR USE IN TESTING AND EVALUATION; (2) THE ADVANCED PROGRAM, FOR USE IN AN INITIAL, SMALL-SCALE DEMONSTRATION WITH UP TO TEN VEHICLES; AND (3) THE OPERATIONAL DOS PROGRAM, FOR USE IN MAJOR DEMONSTRATIONS WITH UP TO THIRTY VEHICLES. THE REPORT DESCRIBES EACH OF THESE PROGRAMS IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, INFORMATION FLOWS, AND IMPLEMENTATION. THE MANUAL BACKUP SYSTEM IS ALSO EXAMINED ALONG WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE USER'S MANUALS FOR EACH OF THE THREE PROGRAMS. THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT ALL ELEMENTS NEEDED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE DEMONSTRATION OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM ARE NOW AVAILABLE. AN ACTUAL APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS IS RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Paratransit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226492 AU - Roth, S H AU - MITRE Corporation TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW PY - 1971/08 AB - THIRTY ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGIES WERE REVIEWED, EMBRACING EIGHT GENERIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS: (1) DEAD RECKONING, IN WHICH SPEED AND HEADING INFORMATION ARE INTEGRATED TO OBTAIN LOCATION AS A FUNCTION OF TIME FROM A KNOWN STARTING POINT; (2) PHASE TRILATERATION, IN WHICH THE VEHICLE EMITS AN RF CARRIER FREQUENCY MODULATED BY AN AUDIO TONE WHICH IS MEASURED AT DISPERSED STATIONS TO YIELD VEHICLE LOCATION; (3) LORAN (LONG-RANGE NAVIGATION) TECHNIQUES; (4) PROXIMITY SYSTEMS, IN WHICH ON-BOARD RECEIVERS IDENTIFY LOCATION AS VEHICLE PASS "SIGNPOST" TRANSMITTERS (5) INVERTED PROXIMITY SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE VEHICLE TRANSMITS ITS LOCATION TO DISPERSED "SIGNPOST" RECEIVERS; (6) PULSE TRILATERATION; (7) TRIANGULATION, IN WHICH THE BEARING ANGLES OF RF PROPAGATION FROM A VEHICLE TO FIXED RECEIVER SITES ARE MEASURED; AND (8) A MISCELLANEOUS CATEGORY, PRIMARILY FOR NONAUTOMATED SYSTEMS ALL PROPOSED AVM DESIGNS ARE DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO COMPONENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND THEIR RELATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT OVERALL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT WAS INSUFFICIENT TO PERMIT SELECTION OF AN OPTIMUM AVM SYSTEM. AVAILABLE DATA DID NOT ADEQUATELY QUANTIFY THE COST TRADE-OFFS AMONG VARIOUS SYSTEM DESIGNS. HOWEVER, BASED UPON THE REVIEW OF RFP RESPONSES, THE REPORT IDENTIFIED FOUR TECHNOLOGIES AS SUFFICIENTLY PROMISING TO WARRANT FURTHER EVALUATION: (1) A LORAN-C SYSTEM; (2) A PHASE RANGING SYSTEM CONSTRAINED TO CONVENTIONAL MOBILE CHANNEL AND UTILIZING MULTIPLE RECEIVING SITES; (3) A PHASE RANGING SYSTEM USING A WIDE DEVIATION SIGNAL AND FEWER RECEIVING SITES; AND (4) AN X-BAND PROXIMITY SYSTEM /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Motor vehicles KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242358 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PHOENIX URBAN AREA: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1971/07 SP - 139 p. AB - THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY IS TO DEVELOP A PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PROGRAM FOR THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD IMMEDIATELY ENSUING. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM, A REVIEW OF EARLIER STUDIES AND EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES, THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE PHOENIX URBAN AREA, AREA AND TRANSIT VEHICLE AND SYSTEM CONCEPTS, ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SYSTEMS, FINANCING AND MANAGEMENT, AND THE PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM ARE INCLUDED. /AUTHOR/ KW - Economics KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Route choice KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239501 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - PHOENIX URBAN AREA PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1971/07 AB - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN THE CITY OF PHOENIX AND THE SURROUNDING URBAN AREA HAVE BEEN PROVIDED BY SEVERAL OPERATORS. AMONG THE DIFFERENT TRANSIT OPERATORS IN PHOENIX, THERE IS VERY LITTLE COORDINATION OF SCHEDULES, FARES, AND OTHER OPERATING FEATURES. THE PATRONAGE LEVEL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IS LOW, WITH ONLY 12,000 PASSENGER TRIPS BEING GENERATED ON A WEEKDAY. THE BASIC FARE STRUCTURE IS 35 CENTS WITH AN INCREMENTAL INCREASE OF 5 CENTS FOR EACH ADDITIONAL ZONE. THE BUS ROUTES IN PHOENIX FORM A RADIAL PATTERN EMANATING FROM DOWNTOWN. FROM AN OPERATIONAL POINT OF VIEW THIS PATTERN IS VERY CONVENIENT BECAUSE IT FACILITATES SCHEDULING, LINKING OF ROUTES FOR BUS ASSIGNMENT PURPOSES, AND TRANSFERRING OF PASSENGERS AT ONE LOCATION. HOWEVER, THE RADIAL ARRANGEMENT PRESENTS AN INCONVENIENCE FOR THOSE PATRONS WHO DESIRE TO TRAVEL CROSSTOWN EITHER IN A NORTH-SOUTH OR EAST-WEST DIRECTION. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE PRESENT TRANSFER FEE OF FIVE CENTS SHOULD BE ELIMINATED AND THE NUMBER OF ZONES REDUCED FROM THE PRESENT FOUR TO TWO. THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY CONCEPT SHOULD BE ADOPTED AS THE FORM OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT FOR A TRANSIT SYSTEM IN PHOENIX. SINCE PRESENT TRANSIT AUTHORITY LEGISLATION HAS BEEN FOUND UNCONSTITUTIONAL, THE ARIZONA STATE LEGISLATURE SHOULD BE URGED TO ENACT APPROPRIATE TRANSIT LEGISLATION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Laws KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228278 AU - Pratt, Rh & Bevis Hw TI - AN INITIAL CHICAGO NORTH SUBURBAN TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 1971-1975-VOLUME II: TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT PY - 1971/07 AB - NINE APPENDICES TO A COMPREHENSIVE SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE NORTH SUBURBAN AREA OF METROPOLITAN CHICAGO ARE PRESENTED. APPENDIX A IS A USER ANALYSES SUPPLEMENT WHICH EXAMINES AREA TRAVEL PATTERNS AND TRIP CHARACTERISTICS AS REVEALED BY A 1964 SURVEY OF SUBURBAN HOUSEHOLDS. THE DATA EMPHASIZE MODAL SPLIT BROKEN DOWN AMONG SEVERAL VARIABLES INCLUDING AGE, DESTINATION, AND TRIP GENERATION. THESE STATISTICS WERE USED TO DEVELOP TRAVEL FORECASTING MODELS WHICH ARE DESCRIBED IN APPENDIX B. DERIVATION OF MODAL SPLIT EQUATIONS IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL. APPENDIX C TABULATES RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY OF COMMUTER PARKING FACILITIES AT ALL RAILROAD AND RAPID TRANSIT STATIONS. APPENDIX D CONTAINS ANALYSES OF SEVEN PROPOSED SITES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RAPID TRANSIT STATIONS BY THE SKOKIE SWIFT. APPENDIX E OUTLINES POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPROVING BUS TRANSPORTATION IN THE SUBURBAN AREA. OPERATIONAL MODES ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO CONVENTIONAL SERVICE, RESERVED RIGHT-OF-WAY, PULSE SCHEDULING, PREMIUM SERVICE, AND DEMAND-ACTUATED OPERATION. SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR EACH OPTION ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. APPENDIX F PROVIDES ADDITIONAL BUS ANALYSES, BROKEN DOWN AMONG USAGE FORECASTING, CHARACTERISTICS OF SHORT VS. LONG TRIPS, THE SENSITIVITY OF RIDERSHIP TO SERVICE FREQUENCY, AND THE PROBABLE EFFECT OF FARE STRUCTURE ON PATRONAGE. APPENDIX G ATTEMPTS TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF IMPROVED BUS TRANSIT ON AREA EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. APPENDIX H OUTLINES OPERATING STATISTICS FOR EACH TRANSIT LINE CURRENTLY SERVICING THE SUBURBAN AREA WITH REFERENCE TO TOTAL RIDERSHIP AND REVENUES. A FINAL SECTION CITIES THE REACTIONS OF AREA TRANSIT OPERATORS TO ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NORTH SUBURBAN TRANSPORTATION COUNCIL AND TO ITS RECOMMENDED TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Improvements KW - Land use KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Statistics KW - Trip generation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241965 AU - ROSZNER, E S AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - THE IMPACT OF RAPID TRANSIT: AN EVALUATION OF THE PROPOSED ALLEGHENY COUNTY TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY REVENUE LINE PY - 1971/07 AB - THE REPORT CONTAINS A BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED 11-MILE TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY REVENUE LINE (TERL) TO BE LOCATED IN THE SOUTH HILLS AREA OF PITTSBURGH. AN EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY FOR STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS-TESTING WAS DEVELOPED TO QUANTIFY THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF AN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; THE REPORT CONCLUDES THAT FOR EVERY $1.00 INVESTED IN TERL, $2.10 IN BENEFITS WILL ACCRUE TO THE COMMUNITY. MEASURABLE ECONOMIC BENEFITS WERE PROJECTED FOR THE PERIOD 1975-2010; THESE INVOLVE TIME SAVINGS FOR TRANSIT PASSENGERS, TIME SAVINGS FOR AUTO COMMUTERS AND TRUCK OPERATORS DUE TO REDUCED HIGHWAY CONGESTION, AND INCREASED REVENUES FOR PUBLIC TAXING AUTHORITIES. IN ADDITION, THE SYSTEM WAS CALCULATED TO PRODUCE A WIDE VARIETY OF NON-MEASURABLE BENEFITS FOR THE COMMUNITY WITH REFERENCE TO IMPROVED LOCAL BUS SERVICES, DIVERTED LONG-HAUL TRAFFIC, REDUCED AUTOMOBILE CONGESTION AND AIR POLLUTION, LOWER PARKING REQUIREMENTS AND AUTOMOBILE MAINTENANCE COSTS IN THE IN THE CENTER CITY, EMPLOYMENT ACCESS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, PROMOTION OF ORDERLY LAND USE DEVELOPMENT, MOBILITY FOR LOW-INCOME PERSONS AND TRANSIT CAPTIVES, IMPROVED ACCESS TO CIVIC ACTIVITIES AND FACILITIES, AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF TERL. THE BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS WAS THUS JUDGED AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF RAPID TRANSIT IN THE COMMUNITY. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic benefits KW - Economic impacts KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228214 AU - Barnes, C W AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - FEDERALLY ASSISTED SACRAMENTO TRANSIT RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PY - 1971/07 AB - THIS REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO THREE BROAD SECTIONS. IN PART I, THE TREND IN TRANSIT USE IN SACRAMENTO IS ANALYZED AND RELATED TO NATIONAL TRENDS, AND THE SITUATION AT THE TIME OF THIS REPORT IS DESCRIBED; INCLUDED IS A DISCUSSION OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SERVICE CHANGES ON TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AND REVENUES, A DESCRIPTION OF WHO TRANSIT RIDERS ARE AND WHY THEY USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, AND SOME AUTHORITY'S ATTEMPTS TO RESPOND TO THE NEED FOR CHANGE. IN ADDITION, THE PROGRESS OF THE NEW CROSSTOWN LINE 9, INITIATED IN NOVEMBER, 1968, IS EVALUATED; ALSO, THE IMPACT OF ADVERTISING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PATRONAGE IS MEASURED. PART III DISCUSSES PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE, BASED ON THE DATA GATHERED DURING THE RESEARCH DISCUSSED IN PART I. UNLESS CERTAIN CHANGES CAN BE INSTITUTED, AND THE REQUISITE TECHNOLOGY FOR OTHER CHANGES DEVELOPED, THE PROSPECTS ARE NOT GOOD FOR WIDESPREAD USAGE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT; GOALS FOR THE LONG-RUN AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE SHORT-RUN ARE SUGGESTED. ALSO, A MORE SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR THE DESIGN OR REDESIGN OF BUS ROUTES IS PRESENTED. FINALLY, AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIVE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEM IS SUMMARIZED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240130 AU - ROSZNER, E S AU - Hoel, L A AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - IMPACT ON TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AND REVENUE OF REDUCED FARES FOR THE ELDERLY PY - 1971/07 AB - A DEMONSTRATION OF REDUCED TRANSIT FARES FOR ELDERLY PASSENGERS IS EXAMINED TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT ON RIDERSHIP AND REVENUE. THE PROJECT WAS UNDERTAKEN IN PITTSBURGH DURING 1970; FARES FOR ELDERLY PERSONS HOLDING SPECIAL IDENTIFICATION CARDS WERE CUT BY 15 CENTS FOR OFF-PEAK AND WEEKEND RIDERS. THE NEARLY 60% OF ALL ELIGIBLE CUSTOMERS (NUMBERING ALMOST 79,000 PERSONS) REGISTERED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE REDUCED FARE EXPERIMENT. ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE PROJECT ARE DOCUMENTED WITH REFERENCE TO BACKGROUND AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY. RESULTS ARE OUTLINED FOR OVERALL RIDERSHIP (BEFORE AND AFTER), PEAK-HOUR, OFF-PEAK, AND PROJECTED RIDERSHIP. EXPECTED RIDERSHIP PRIOR TO IMPLEMENTATION OF REDUCED FARES WAS A MONTHLY 5.73 ROUND TRIPS PER PASSHOLDER. AVERAGE RIDERSHIP UNDER THE PLAN, HOWEVER, ROSE TO NEARLY SEVEN ROUND TRIPS PER MONTH. OFF- PEAK RIDERSHIP ROSE SUBSTANTIALLY AT THE EXPENSE OF DEMAND DURING PEAK-HOURS. MORE THAN 1.1 MILLION NEW TRIPS WERE ESTIMATED TO HAVE BEEN GENERATED BY THE FARE REDUCTION. NET REVENUE LOSSES TO THE TRANSIT SYSTEM WERE APPROXIMATELY $628,900. THE DIVERSION OF PEAK-HOUR RIDERSHIP (WHEN TRANSIT PRODUCTIVITY IS HIGHEST) AND REVENUE LOST ON THE VOLUME OF BASE DEMAND OFFSET GAINS FROM THE OTHERWISE HIGHER NUMBER OF TRIPS. HOWEVER, INTANGIBLE SAVINGS MAY HAVE BEEN GENERATED WHICH ARE NOT REFLECTED BY COMPUTATIONS OF NET FAREBOX LOSSES. A FRAMEWORK FOR BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF THE REDUCED FARE DEMONSTRATION IS OUTLINED BRIEFLY. REPRODUCTIONS OF THE SURVEY INSTRUMENT AND RELEVANT COMPUTER PRINTOUTS ARE APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242074 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY: TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION PY - 1971/07 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA, AND FOCUSED UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES IN DIFFERENT CITIES. THE TTC SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED IN 1943 TO INCLUDE MANY FEATURES OF THE CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY SYSTEM WHICH HAD BEGUN OPERATIONS THAT SAME YEAR. TWO MODIFICATIONS OF THE CHICAGO DESIGN INCLUDED CONSIDERATION OF HEAT SINK EFFECTS IN CALCULATING VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS AND THE ASSUMPTION OF UNSTEADY AIR FLOW. THE ONLY TWO MAJOR DIFFERENCES ARE WITH REFERENCE TO VENT SHAFT SPACING (450' IN CHICAGO; APPROX. 1.500' IN TORONTO) AND BLOCKAGE RATIOS (50% FOR CHICAGO; 67% FOR TORONTO). IN NEITHER SYSTEM WAS TEMPERATURE FOUND TO POSE A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM. THE TORONTO SUBWAYS DO, HOWEVER, EXPERIENCE HIGH AIR FLOW VELOCITIES DUE TO THE VENT SHAFT SPACING AND BLOCKAGE RATIO. THESE FACTORS CREATE SERIOUS PROBLEMS INVOLVING PRESSURE AND SHOCK WAVES. VARIOUS ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM (OPENINGS IN TUNNEL WALLS AND CEILINGS TO ABSORB HIGH VELOCITIES) ARE DESCRIBED. DUST AND DIRT CIRCULATION WAS ALSO FOUND TO POSE A MAJOR PROBLEM WHICH IS PRESENTLY CONTROLLED ONLY BY THE TTC'S EXCELLENT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM. NOISE PRESENTS A RELATIVELY MINOR PROBLEM DUE TO ACOUSTICAL DAMPING ON TRACKS, PLATFORMS, AND CEILINGS IN THE SUBWAY STATIONS. APPENDED MATERIAL COVERS: GENERAL INFORMATION (INCLUDING SCHEMATIC CROSS SECTIONS OF TUNNELS AND STATIONS); DESIGN CRITERIA, VENTILATION, TEMPERATURE, AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY DATA; MEASUREMENTS OF AIRFLOW VELOCITY AND PRESSURE; AERODYNAMICS OF SCALED MODELS; SUBWAY CAR ENVIRONMENT; SURVEYS OF DIRT AND DUST CIRCULATION; AND EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST FUMES. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Dust control KW - Noise KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228258 AU - Stone & Webster Management Consultants, Inc TI - TECHNICAL STUDY OF MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES IN MAHONING AND TRUMBULL COUNTIES PY - 1971/07 AB - THE TWO COUNTIES ARE SERVED, IN EFFECT, BY 37 SEPARATE BUS LINES: THE YOUNGSTOWN SYSTEM, THE WARREN SYSTEM, AND 35 SCHOOL-BUS SYSTEMS. THE PRESENT STUDY WAS DIRECTED TOWARD THE ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY OF CONSOLIDATING AND INTEGRATING THESE SYSTEMS. IN AUGUST, 1970 THE YOUNGSTOWN SYSTEM, FACED WITH A 73% DECLINE IN RIDERSHIP OVER A 10-YEAR PERIOD, CEASED OPERATIONS; AND THE MAHONING VALLEY REGIONAL MASS TRANSIT AUTHORITY ASSUMED OPERATIONS BY A LEASE AGREEMENT. MORE OVER, MANAGEMENT OF THE SCHOOL-BUS SYSTEMS IS CHAOTIC. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT A TRANSIT AUTHORITY BE FORMED, THAT NEW EQUIPMENT BE PURCHASED WITH FEDERAL ASSISTANCE, THAT BUS SERVICE BE IMPROVED, AND THAT THE SCHOOL-BUS SYSTEMS BE INTEGRATED INTO THE NEW AGENCY. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Counties KW - Facilities KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - School buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118877 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239465 AU - Rubino, R G AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - A QUEST FOR INTEGRATED AND BALANCED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN STATE GOVERNMENT PY - 1971/06/30 AB - A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT) IS PRESENTED. BALANCED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE IDENTIFIED AS A BASIC NATIONAL OBJECTIVE WITH WHICH TO EVALUATE STATE TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND PLANNING AGENCIES. THREE PRINCIPAL OBSTACLES TO EFFECTIVE PROGRAMMING ARE NOTED: (1) THE FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF PLANNING AUTHORITY BY MODE HAS ENCOURAGED INTER-AGENCY COMPETITION AND HINDERED EFFECTIVE POLICY COORDINATION. (2) THE LACK OF A GENERAL TRANSPORTATION TRUST FUND HAS CREATED AN UNBALANCED FINANCING OF CERTAIN MODES AND PRECIPITATED UNDESIRABLE COMPETITION FOR LIMITED STATE FUNDS. (3) FEDERAL POLICY CONTROL HAS NOT SUFFICIENTLY ENCOURAGED THE ROLE OF STATE DOT'S TO THE DETRIMENT OF INTERGOVERMENTAL COOPERATION. STATE DOT'S ARE RELATIVELY NEW GOVERNMENTAL UNITS. DEVELOPED LARGELY IN RESPONSE TO THE RAPID URBANIZATION AND INCREASED PUBLIC MOBILITY EXPERIENCED BY MANY STATES. THE PRESENT ROLE OF DOT'S IS EXAMINED WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON 13 CASE STUDIES. THE REPORT NOTES A WIDE DIVERSITY AMONG THESE ORGANIZATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO STRUCTURE, SCOPE, AUTHORITY, AND PLACE IN OVERALL STATE ADMINISTRATION. /UMTA/ KW - Financing KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation departments KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation systems KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228266 AU - Boyce, D E AU - Murthy, B V AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School TI - ANALYSIS OF PEAK PERIOD PASSENGER FLOWS ON THE LINDENWOLD RAPID TRANSIT LINE PY - 1971/06/30 AB - IN FEBRUARY 1969, THE DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY INITIATED A NEW HIGH-SPEED RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE CONNECTING LINDENWOLD, NEW JERSEY, AND CENTER CITY, PHILADELPHIA. PATRONAGE, WHICH AT THE TIME OF ITS, OPENING WAS APPROXIMATELY 14,850 PERSONS PER DAY, HAD REACHED 32,000 PERSONS PER DAY BY APRIL 1, 1970. AT THAT TIME TRAFFIC CONDITIONS HAD BECOME EXTREMELY CRITICAL AT SOME STATIONS BECAUSE THE AVAILABLE NUMBER OF PARKING SPACE COULD NOT MEET THE DEMAND. IN RESPONSE TO THIS SITUATION, THE DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY DURING THE SUMMER OF 1970 EXPANDED ITS PARKING FACILITIES FROM 5,896 TO 8,244 SPACES, AN INCREASE OF 40 PERCENT. IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF THESE IMPROVEMENTS, BEFORE-AND-AFTER SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED. THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE DATA OBTAINED ON THE FLOW OF TRANSIT PASSENGERS THROUGH THE STATIONS NOT ONLY DOCUMENT THE BEFORE-AND-AFTER FLOWS, BUT ALSO PROVIDE USEFUL INFORMATION FOR SCHEDULING OF SERVICE AND ESTIMATION OF STATION VOLUMES IN COMPARABLE SITUATIONS. MOST OF THE DAILY ROUND TRIPS ON THE TRANSIT LINE ORIGINATE IN THE LOW DENSITY AREAS SERVED BY SIX STATIONS FROM LINDENWOLD TO FERRY AVENUE. SPECIAL EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO THE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AT THESE SIX STATIONS. THE STUDY IS LIMITED TO THE MORNING PEAK PERIOD, APPROXIMATELY 6:30 A. M. TO 10:00 A. M., AND TO WESTBOUND TRAINS ONLY. ENTRANCE AND EXIT GATE METERS WERE READ AT THE SCHEDULED DEPARTURE TIME OF EACH TRAIN FROM EACH STATION, PERMITTING A MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS. PASSENGER ARRIVAL RATE CURVES FOR 15 MINUTE INTERVALS FOR THE SIX SUBURBAN STATIONS WERE PLOTTED TO COMPARE THE POSITIONS OF THE PEAK FOR DIFFERENT STATIONS. THE PEAK ARRIVALS OF THE STATIONS FELL IN ORDER OF DISTANCE FROM PHILADELPHIA, EXCEPT FOR WESTMONT. /UMTA/ KW - Origin and destination KW - Parking KW - Passenger counting KW - Peak loads KW - Peak periods KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201066 AU - National League of Cities /US AU - Conference of Mayors /US TI - FEDERAL OPERATING SUBSIDIES FOR URBAN MASS TRANSIT - A SPECIAL ANALYTICAL REPORT: HOW SHOULD THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GO ABOUT HELPING LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOTH SUPPORT AND IMPROVE THEIR MASS TRANSIT SERVICE? PY - 1971/06/18 AB - THE REPORT INVESTIGATES THE PROVISION OF DIRECT OPERATING SUBSIDIES FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. ONLY TWO DIRECT SUBSIDY PROGRAMS WERE IDENTIFIED AT THE STATE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT, ALTHOUGH LEGISLATION IS PENDING IN SEVERAL OTHER STATES. EXISTING LOCAL SUBSIDIES WERE FOUND TO EMPHASIZE PUBLIC OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION. SEVERAL PROBLEMS ARE IDENTIFIED WHICH ATTEND THE "TAKEOVER" OF FINANCIALLY UNSTABLE PRIVATE TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THESE INCLUDE: (1) JURISDICTIONAL COMPETITION AMONG DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES; (2) DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING GENERAL PUBLIC REVENUES, RATHER THAN USER CHARGES, TO FINANCE A SINGLE TRANSPORTATION MODE; AND (3) THE TENDANCY OF LOCAL TRANSIT OPERATORS TO NEGLECT CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS WHEN PUBLIC ACQUISITION IS PROBABLE. THE AUTHORS ALSO NOTE A LACK OF UNIFORMITY IN EXISTING SUBSIDY PROGRAMS. THE REPORT CONSIDERS SOURCES OF POLITICAL PRESSURE WHICH FAVOR SUPPORT FOR LOCAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS. ADDITIONAL SECTIONS OF THE REPORT DOCUMENT EXISTING TRANSIT SUBSIDIES THROUGHOUT THE NATION. A SECOND LIST FOCUSES ON 35 CITIES LIKELY TO IMPLEMENT SUBSIDY PROGRAMS IN THE NEAR FUTURE. GUIDELINES FOR GENERAL PUBLIC SUBSIDY PROGRAMS ARE RECOMMENDED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT TRANSIT ECONOMICS AND PATRONAGE. THREE BASIC OBJECTIVES FOR A PROGRAM OF FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO TRANSIT OPERATIONS ARE PROPOSED: (1) MAINTENANCE OF SERVICE LEVELS, (2) ATTRACTION OF NEW PATRONAGE, AND (3) SUPPLEMENTING OF GENERAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT. THE AUTHORS ALSO RECOMMEND THREE POSSIBLE CATEGORIES OF MEASUREMENT WITH WHICH TO DETERMINE LOCAL NEED: VOLUME OF REVENUE PASSENGERS, SEAT MILES, AND TOTAL EQUIPMENT INVENTORY. MORE SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED FEDERAL PROGRAM ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. APPENDED MATERIAL CONSISTS OF FIVE BRIEF PAPERS COVERING SELECTED TOPICS ON THE SUBSIDY DISCUSSION. /UMTA/ KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240131 AU - Paik, I K AU - Consortium of Universities TI - ECONOMIC INFORMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PY - 1971/06 AB - INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR A QUANTITATIVE MODEL WITH WHICH TO ASSESS THE ECONOMIES OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ARE DEVELOPED WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO WATER, AIR, AND NOISE POLLUTION CAUSED BY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT IS TO QUANTIFY THE COSTS OF ECOLOGICAL NEGLECT WHICH ARE NOT OTHERWISE REFLECTED IN PRICES OR OTHER STANDARD ECONOMIC INDICATORS. THE MODEL, HOWEVER, IS ADAPTABLE TO MEASURE THE COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION CAUSE BY ALL SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY. TWO BASIC ADJUSTMENTS ARE EXAMINED: A SUBSTITUTE FOR CONVENTIONAL NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING WHICH WOULD SUBTRACT FOR THE DEPRECIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, AND A VALUE WHICH ESTIMATES THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MAINTENANCE IN THE OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCOUNTING. THE LATTER IS STRESSED BECAUSE THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ARE NOT REFLECTED IN CONVENTIONAL ECONOMIC INDICES. SEVERAL ANALYTICAL MODELS ARE USED (THE LEONTIEF INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL, AN EXPANDED LEONTIEF EQUATION, ECONOMETRIC MODELS, AND HYBRID METHODS) TO ESTIMATE THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG RELATED INDUSTRIES AND THE RESPONSIVENESS OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SECTORS TO OUTPUT VARIABLES ARISING ELSEWHERE IN THE SYSTEM. THE EXPANDED LEONTIEF EQUATION ADDS ANTIPOLLUTION ACTIVITIES AND POLLUTION COEFFICIENTS TO AN EXISTING INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE TO PERMIT EVALUATION OF ULTIMATE INDUSTRY-BY-INDUSTRY EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY CONTROLS. /UMTA/ KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Pollution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242153 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY-VOLUME II PY - 1971/06 AB - THE PHYSICAL FEASIBILITY AND THE COST OF ALTERNATIVE IMPROVEMENTS FOR BOSTON'S CENTRAL AREA SUBWAY SYSTEM AND FOR POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS OF RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE TO THE NEEDHAM AND FRAMINGHAM AREAS WERE INVESTIGATED. THE PRESENT STUDY IS THE CENTRAL AREA THAT LIES WITHIN THE ROUTE OF THE PROPOSED INNER BELT HIGHWAY. THE CENTRAL AREA IS SERVED BY FOUR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS, CALLED THE RED, ORANGE, BLUE AND GREEN LINES AFTER THEIR IDENTIFYING COLOR SCHEMES, EACH OF WHICH PASSES THROUGH THE CBD IN ITS OWN SUBWAY. PASSENGERS CAN TRANSFER AT INTERCHANGE STATIONS, BUT THERE ARE NO TRACK CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LINES BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCES IN CLEARANCES AND PLATFORM HEIGHTS. STUDIES OF THE DEFICIENCIES IN THE EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEM WERE PRIMARILY DIRECTED TOWARD THE SERIOUS OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS AFFLICTING THE GREEN LINES. THE CARS OPERATING ON THE GREEN LINES ARE ALL OF THE PCC TYPE, SOME OF WHICH ARE NEARLY 30 YEARS OLD. THEY HAVE INHERENT LIMITATIONS SUCH AS SINGLE-END OPERATION, LOW-LEVEL PLATFORM LOADING, AND INSUFFICIENT DOOR CAPACITY. IN ADDITION, IT HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO KEEP THESE CARS IN OPERATING CONDITION. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY ACQUIRE, AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, NEW ROLLING STOCK FOR THE EXISTING RIVERSIDE AND HUNTINGTON AVENUE LINES. THE RIVERSIDE AND CENTRAL SUBWAY PHYSICAL PLANT SHOULD BE UPGRADED TO PERMIT FULL USE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS INCORPORATED IN THE NEW EQUIPMENT. AS A LONG-RANGE IMPROVEMENT PLAN, A NEW SUBWAY CONNECTION SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED FROM BACK BAY VIA COLUMBUS AVENUE, BOSTON COMMON, AND BEACON HILL TO THE EXISTING BLUE LINE STATION AT BOWDOIN. NEW STATIONS WOULD BE PROVIDED AT STUART-ELIOT STREETS AND AT PARK STREET. NOT ONLY WOULD THE GREEN AND BLUE LINES BE INTERCONNECTED, BUT THE TRANSFER CAPABILITY OF THE ENTIRE DOWNTOWN TRANSIT NETWORK WOULD BE IMPROVED BY VIRTUE OF THE INTERFACES AT BACK BAY AND PARK STREET STATIONS. THE BEACON STREET AND COMMONWEALTH AVENUE LINES WOULD CONTINUE TO OPERATE IN THE IMPROVED CENTRAL SUBWAY. THE TOTAL ESTIMATED COST OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAM IS $59,500,000. /UMTA/ KW - Improvements KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Streetcars KW - Subways KW - Surface rail transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242020 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority TI - SEPACT III: FINAL REPORT -- OPERATION READING PY - 1971/06 AB - THE PROJECT WAS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AND TEST TECHNIQUES FOR THE RESTRUCTURING COMMUTER RAILROAD SERVICE IN THE PHILADELPHIA METROPOLITAN AREA. EACH PHASE OF THE EXPERIMENT TESTED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS LEVELS OF SERVICE, FARE STRUCTURES, AND RIDERSHIP. IN SOME CASES OFF-PEAK SERVICE WAS INCREASED, IN OTHERS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TRAINS WAS REDUCED. THESE FLUCTUATIONS WERE ACCOMPANIED BY VARIATIONS IN FARES, THE PROVISION OF SPECIAL PASSES, AND HEAVY PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGNS. COMPREHENSIVE SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED TO MEASURE RIDERSHIP PREFERENCES, TRIP CHARACTERISTICS, AND VOLUME. FOUR GENERAL CONCLUSIONS WERE YIELDED BY THE ANALYSIS: (1) INCREASED SERVICE AND HIGHER FARES WERE MORE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING OPERATING DEFICITS THAN DECREASED SERVICE AND LOWER FARES. (2) WHERE SERVICE WAS SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED, NEW RIDERSHIP WAS ATTRACTED AND PAID HIGHER FARES AS WELL. (3) GREATER EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY RESULTED IN SIGNIFICANT REDUCTIONS IN OPERATING COST, THUS RECOMMENDING GREATER EMPHASIS ON CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT. (4) THE GENERAL MARKET FOR RAIL SERVICE, INCLUDING COMMUTERS, VARIED SUBSTANTIALLY OVER TIME. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT RAIL COMMUTER SERVICE WAS DEMONSTRATED TO BE A VIABLE AND INTEGRAL PART OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION, AND THAT, FURTHER, LEVELS OF SERVICE AND PASSENGER FARES COULD BE PROVIDED TO ENSURE A PROFITABLE OPERATION. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Commuters KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Service KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242119 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority TI - CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY - VOLUME I PY - 1971/06 AB - THE CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY (CASS) WAS CONDUCTED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY TO DEVELOP A COURSE OF ACTION FOR THE MODERNIZING OF ITS GREEN LINE (STREETCAR SYSTEM) AND ITS BLUE LINE (EAST BOSTON RAPID TRANSIT LINE). THE GREEN LINE HAS SERIOUS PROBLEMS WHICH AFFECT ITS PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF CAPACITY, SPEED, RELIABILITY, COMFORT, AND OPERATING COST. ITS NETWORK OF ROUTES IS OPERATED ENTIRELY WITH A FLEET OF AGING STREET CARS OF THE "PCC" TYPE. IT SERVES AS A MAJOR FEEDER AND DISTRIBUTOR FOR THE OTHER THREE MAJOR LINES. IN DEPTH ANALYSES OF THE "INNER CITIES AREA" AND THE NATURE OF THE NEIGHBORHOODS SERVED BY THE GREEN LINES WERE CONDUCTED. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOLLOWING PROGRAM IS RECOMMENDED: (1) ACQUISITION OF 220 NEW AIR-CONDITIONED "LIGHT RAIL" SURFACE- SUBWAY CARS TO REPLACE THE ENTIRE FLEET OF CARS CURRENTLY BEING USED; (2) CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW VEHICLE MAINTENANCE FACILITY AT THE RIVERSIDE TERMINAL; (3) MODERNIZATION OF THE RESERVOIR CAR HOUSE TO PROVIDE FOR EFFICIENT ROUTINE INSPECTION, CLEANING, AND LIGHT REPAIRS FOR APPORTION OF THE GREEN LINE FLEET; AND (4) TRACK AND ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS WHICH WOULD INCLUDE THE INSTALLATION OF EMERGENCY CROSSOVERS, TURNBACK FACILITIES, AND CERTAIN STATION IMPROVEMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Financing KW - Inner cities KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Maintenance KW - Railroad transportation KW - Streetcars KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00057978 AU - Glidden, H R AU - Consortium of Universities TI - A HISTORY OF COMMUTER TRAVEL ON THE POTOMAC RIVER SERVING THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA PY - 1971/06 AB - The report traces the history of people and goods movement on the Potomac River in and around Washington, D.C. It begins with a description of early ferry boat services. Increasing demands for the movement of goods led to a proliferation of ferry operations before 1800. Coincidental with this development were demands for increased bridge construction, often as an alternative to prohibitive tolls charged by the private ferry owners. The author notes particularly the impact of certain bridges erected during this period on proximate river travel. The beginning of the 20th century is cited as a watershed after which improved rail and highway links across the Potomac caused a continuous erosion of demand for ferry service. Lastly, the report examines more recent attempts to establish highspeed commuter transportation on the river using hydrofoil craft. A 1962 demonstration of the concept was terminated after initial testing due to insufficient funds. A final attempt to revive ferry service was undertaken in 1965, but also closed down for financial reasons. KW - Ferries KW - Hydrofoil boats KW - Hydrofoil craft KW - Marine transit KW - Operations KW - Vessel operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/18348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044191 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority TI - SEPACT III: FINAL REPORT--OPERATIONAL READING PY - 1971/06 AB - The project was designed to develop and test techniques for the restructuring commuter railroad service in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Each phase of the experiment tested the relationship between various levels of service, fare structures, and ridership. In some cases off-peak service was increased, in others the total number of trains was reduced. These fluctuations were accompanied by variations in fares, the provision of special passes, and heavy promotional campaigns. Comprehensive surveys were conducted to measure ridership preferences, trip characteristics, and volume. Four general conclusions were yielded by the analysis: (1) Increased service and higher fares were more effective in reducing operating deficits than decreased service and lower fares. (2) Where service was substantially improved, new ridership was attracted and paid higher fares as well. (3) Greater equipment efficiency resulted in significant reductions in operating cost, thus recommending greater emphasis on capital improvement. (4) The general market for rail service, including commuters, varied substantially over time. It is concluded that rail commuter service was demonstrated to be a viable and integral part of urban transportation, and that, further, levels of service and passenger fares could be provided to ensure a profitable operation. KW - Commuter service KW - Reading company KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044186 AU - Genis, T P AU - Consortium of Universities TI - A TRAFFIC DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR THE PROPOSED VISITOR CENTER (TRANSPORTATION CENTER) ARENA COMPLEX UNION STATION SITE WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1971/06 AB - Various problems cited are: (1) non-existent connections between line haul modes; (2) an inefficient ground transportation system; (3) limited interfaces to regional highway systems for buses, mail, and truck operations; (4) parking facilities for visitors in the areas of the proposed centers; (5) the need for transportation to and from Friendship and Dulles airports. Maps, diagrams, tables and charts are used to specify in which areas construction or land use changes are needed and also to predict the volume of people using these facilities for the next fifteen years. KW - Commuter service KW - Passenger service KW - Railroad stations KW - Union Station (Washington, District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044197 AU - California Institute of Technology TI - VEHICLES IN CONFINED SPACES (VICS-120) FACILITY DESIGN--INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/06 AB - A comprehensive description of testing facilities employed in an aerodynamic analysis of vehicles in confined spaces in presented. The VICS-120 consists of a 120-foot vertical test section tube assembly. The vertical configuration is employed to allow for a constant acceleration of the models. The facility was designed for maximum flexibility in its operational parameters, particularly to accomodate high pressures. The complete facility is described with reference to site preparation, plenum assembly, test section tubes, launcher, arrestor, scaffold, handling fixtures, control room, valve and interlock system, and instrumentation. Schematic illustraions of the facility are appended. KW - Advanced systems KW - Aerodynamics KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Tube systems KW - Tube vehicles KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044183 AU - Langfield, S C AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE BALANCED AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO A METRO STATION AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO A MORE HEALTHY AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1971/06 AB - The relationship between construction of rapid mass transportation and surrounding land use and property valuation is traced. The fundamental conclusion drawn from this analysis is that increased accessibility (provided by transit) shifts human activities to the most accessible locations, promoting more intensive land use and subsequently greater land values. Data collected from the San Francisco and Toronto examples are discussed in support of this contention. Photographs showing the changes in land use before and after transit construction are provided. In San Francisco, the method employed was incentive zoning of land adjacent to the proposed BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) system. Zoning regulations were carefully planned to stimulate desired patterns of land use and construction, enforced by law. In Toronto, less formal control were established under which the municipality acquired wide strips of land in which transit rights-of-way were to be located. Surplus land was then parceled out by the municipality for private development on a long-term lease basis, pending approval of a regional planning body. A comprehensive description is provided of the North Bethesda, Md., site, with reference to existing land use, assessed valuation, and zoning. Potential growth and development are examined. KW - Commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226462 AU - Mayo, A L AU - Consortium of Universities TI - DEMAND FOR RESIDUAL COMMUTER AUTO PARKING PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES DEMAND FOR PARKING GENERATED BY AUTOMOBILE COMMUTERS IN AN URBAN SITUATION. THE AUTHOR FOCUSES ON REGULATORY ALTERNATIVES TO LIMIT PARKING SUPPLY AND THEREFORE DISCOURAGE AUTOMOBILE USE. THE AUTHOR INVESTIGATES THE EXISTING LITERATURE AND CONCLUDES THAT NO DEFINITIVE METHOD FOR CURTAILING TRAFFIC VOLUMES APPEARS. SUCH CONVENTIONAL MODELS FOR DETERMINING PARKING DEMAND AS CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TIME SERIES STUDIES WERE RULED OUT FOR THE PRESENT RESEARCH DUE TO INSUFFICIENT DATA. AN IDEAL DEMAND MODEL IS BRIEFLY OUTLINED; AGAIN, HOWEVER, THE AUTHOR LACKED SUFFICIENT DATA TO CONSTRUCT THE MODEL. THE REPORT MAINLY FOCUSES ON THE SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA AS A SECTION OF WASHINGTON IN WHICH PARKING REGULATION CAN RECIEVE SPECIALIZED ATTENTION. THE AREA LAND USE AND DEMOGRAPHY IS OUTLINED ALONG WITH RELEVANT STATISTICS ON PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT, PARKING AVAILABILITY, AND GROWTH RATES. THE EXISTING MODAL SPLIT IS ALSO EXAMINED. A SEPARATE ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FOR BUSINESS VISITOR PARKING IS PROVIDED ALONG WITH A DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING AND PLANNED SHORT-TERM PARKING FACILITIES. A FINAL SECTION CONCERNS PROPOSED LEGISLATION TO ESTABLISH A PARKING AUTHORITY FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, WHICH WOULD BE AUTHORIZED TO REGULATE THE AVAILABILITY OF COMMUTER FACILITIES. IN CONCLUSION, THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT PEAK-HOUR AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANCY WILL HAVE TO INCREASE BY SOME 40% AND THAT DEMANDS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WILL REQUIRE MORE THAN 500 BUSES IN OPERATION. THE REPORT RECOMMENDS THAT ALL-DAY PARKING FACILITIES NOT BE EXTENDED, BUT THAT PROVISION FOR ADDITIONAL SHORT-TERM BUSINESS VISITORS BE MADE. THROUGHOUT, THE REPORT IS ONLY CONCERNED WITH AUTOMOBILE COMMUTATION. NO ATTEMPT IS MADE TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THE METRO RAPID TRANSIT, WHICH IS UNDER CONSTRUCTIO AND WILL EVENTUALLY SERVE THE STUDY AREA. /UMTA/ KW - Employment KW - Federal government KW - Modal split KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Parking studies KW - Private transportation KW - Studies KW - Trip generation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240713 AU - Masten, E C AU - Consortium of Universities TI - LAND USE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING FOR TRANSIT IMPACT AREAS: FAIRFAX CONTY, VIRGINIA PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT ATTEMPTS TO DEVELOP A METHOD FOR ANALYZING AND FORECASTING LAND USE IN AREAS OF FAIRFAX COUNTY, VIRGINIA, ADJACENT TO A PROPOSED METRO RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE IN SUBURBAN WASHINGTON, D. C. THE AUTHOR EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR LONG-RANGE ANALYSIS IN CONTROLLING DEVELOPMENT WITHIN TRANSIT IMPACT AREAS. SEVERAL VARIABLES WERE SELECTED WITH WHICH TO ASSESS PRESENT LAND USE AND TO FORECAST CHANGES AFTER COMPLETION OF THE METRO PRIOR TO 1980. THE REPORT ALSO DISCUSSES EACH VARIABLE IN DEPTH AS IT WAS FOUND TO APPLY IN THE TRANSIT IMPACT AREA. THE AUTHOR EXAMINES EXISTING FORECAST MODELS FOR ESTIMATING FUTURE LAND USE IN PROXIMITY TO RAPID MASS TRANSPORTATION. NEITHER MODEL WAS FOUND TO BE COMPLETELY EFFECTIVE AS A PREDICTIVE TOOL IN THE SPECIFIC SITUATION UNDER STUDY; THE AUTHOR CONSEQUENTLY ADVANCES A HYBRID MODEL BASED ON CONTIGUITY, WHICH ATTEMPTS TO RELATE LAND USE DEVELOPMENT AS A FUNCTION OF CONDITIONS IN ADJACENT AREAS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE THUS CONSTANT PROCESSES IN WHICH CHANGES STIMULATE ADAPTATIONS IN CONTIGUOUS AREAS. THE AUTHOR APPLIED HIS MODEL TO THE TRANSIT IMPACT AREA IN FAIRFAX COUNTY TO ESTIMATE THE QUALITY OF LAND USE CHANGES EXPECTED FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION OF THE METRO LINE. THIS METHOD PARTICULARLY EMPHASIZES " COMPATIBILITY" OF LAND USES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND RESIDENT PREFERENCE FACTORS. TO VERIFY ITS RELIABILITY, THE AUTHOR TESTED HIS MODEL AGAINST ZONING CHANGES WHICH FOLLOWED CONSTRUCTION OF A CIRCUMFERENTIAL BELTWAY THROUGH THE AREA. IN APPLYING THE MODEL TO PREDICT TRANSIT IMPACT, THE AUTHOR FORECASTS MORE THAN 25 LAND USE CHANGES WHICH CAN BE EXPECTED TO OCCUR PRIMARILY IN PRESENTLY UNDEVELOPED OR BLIGHTED AREAS. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Land use forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241844 AU - Hart, P O AU - Consortium of Universities TI - TAXI TRANSPORTATION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT IS A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF TAXICAB SERVICE WITHIN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH AN EXMAINATION OF "ECONOMIES OF THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY" TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF COMPENSATION FOR TAXI OPERATORS. THE AUTHOR EMPLOYED FOUR BASIC VARIABLES TO COMPUTE THE VARIANCE OF ADEQUATE WAGES RATES IN DIFFERENT CITIES. THESE VARAIABLES COMBINED IN A PREDICTIVE EQUATION TO YIELD A RANGE OF ESTIMATED HOURLY WAGES. THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT UNTIL A RECENT PAY INCREASE, TAXI DRIVERS AVERAGED MORE THAN 8% BELOW MEDIAN WAGES FOR COMPARABLE OCCUPATIONS IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. THE REPORT THEN EXAMINES CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO THE EFFECT OF ZONE FARES ON SERVICE. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE EXISTING SYSTEM RESULTS IN A MAL-DISTRIBUTION OF TAXICAB AVAILABILITY THROUGHOUT THE DAY AND A CONCENTRATION OF SERVICE ONLY WITHIN CERTAIN ZONES. THE AUTHOR THEREFORE RECOMMENDS SEVERAL SPECIFIC ALTERATIONS IN THE ZONAL NETWORK AND RELATED FARE STRUCTURE. THE PURPOSE OF THESE CHANGES IS TO ENCOURAGE A MORE EQUITABLE RATIO BETWEEN FARES AND MILEAGE AND THUS STIMULATE SERVICE TO CURRENTLY UNATTRACTIVE AREAS. THE REPORT CONTAINS A DETAILED ESTIMATE OF AVERAGE HOURLY OPERATING COSTS FOR TAXI OPERATORS UNDER THE PROPOSED SYSTEM. THE AUTHOR ALSO RECOMMENDS THAT GREATER ATTENTION BE GIVEN TO THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHING A JITNEY BUS SERVICE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Fares KW - Inner cities KW - Jitneys KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00238944 AU - Rush, J D AU - Consortium of Universities TI - A LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE CONTROVERSY OVER AIRPORT AND AIRWAY DEVELOPMENT AND FUNDING PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT TRACES THE HISTORY OF FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT FUNDING WITH REFERENCE TO SPECIFIC PROVISIONS AND THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS BY WHICH THEY WERE ENACTED. THE ANALYSIS EMPHASIZES EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO PASSAGE OF THE AIRPORT AND AIRWAY DEVELOPMENT ACT IN 1970. TWO VITAL BUT UNRESOLVED ISSUES TO WHICH THE AUTHOR ADDRESSES HERSELF IN DETAIL CONCERN: (1) THE APPLICATION AND RATES OF USER CHARGES TO FINANCE A FEDERAL TRUST FUND FOR AIRPORT CONSTRUCTION; AND (2) THE APPROPRIATE ROLE OF STATE GOVERNMENTS IN DEVELOPING A NATIONAL AIRWAY SYSTEM. LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY PRIOR TO THE 91ST CONGRESS IS DISCUSSED BRIEFLY WITH REFERENCE TO THE FEDERAL AIRPORT ACT OF 1946 AND SUBSEQUENT AMENDMENTS. LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY DURING THE 90TH CONGRESS IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO A SENATE COMMITTEE REPORT WHICH OUTLINED SERIOUS SHORTCOMINGS OF THE EXISTING LEGISLATION. CONSEQUENT PROPOSALS TO REVAMP THE FEDERAL PROGRAM WERE SUBMITTED BY THE JOHNSON ADMINISTRATION AND THE SENATE COMMERCE COMMITTEE. NEITHER BILL RECEIVED FAVORABLE ACTION IN THE 90TH CONGRESS. THE EVOLUTION OF A NEW AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT PACKAGE IN THE 91ST CONGRESS IS TRACED THROUGH ALL ASPECTS OF THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS. THE NIXON ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM IS EXAMINED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH SUBSEQUENT PROCEEDINGS IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE AND IN COMMITTEES. THE AIRPORT AND AIRWAY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 1970 AND ITS ANCILLARY REVENUE BILL ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO SEVERAL HIGHLIGHTS. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE CURRENT FUNDING STATUS OF THE PROGRAM. SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTS SUBMITTED IN 1971 ARE ANALYZED ALONG WITH AN OVERVIEW OF CONTINUING ASPECTS OF THE FINANCING CONTROVERSY. /UMTA/ KW - Airports KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Laws KW - States KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228241 AU - Isaac, I S AU - Consortium of Universities TI - WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE NEAR-TERM ALTERNATIVES TO CUT BACK THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION? PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES FUTURISTIC ALTERNATIVES FOR REDUCING THE DEMAND FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS WHICH PERMIT FACE-TO-FACE INTERACTION VIA TELEPHONE-TELEVISION MEDIA ARE DISCUSSED. THE ANALYSIS SUGGESTS THAT MANY KINDS OF BUSINESS OTHERWISE REQUIRING THE TRANSPORTATION OF ONE OR MORE PERSONS TO A CENTRAL LOCATION MAY SOMEDAY BE TRANSACTED OVER SUCH SOPHISTICATED COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITRY. THE REPORT DESCRIBES A FUTURISTIC "WIRED NATION" OF INDIVIDUALS FOR WHOM INNOVATIVE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY HAS REPLACED THE NEED FOR MASS TRANSPORTATION IN A VARIETY OF TRIP PURPOSES. COSTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ON THIS LEVEL WOULD BE EXTREMELY HIGH. THE REPORT THEREFORE RECOMMENDS A COMBINATION OF DEMAND-REDUCING COMMUNICATIONS AND INCREASED USE OF INNOVATIVE, CONSUMER-ORIENTED MASS TRANSPORTATION IN THE CENTRAL CITY. THE AUTHOR FOCUSES ON PROGRAMS AIMED AT CURTAILING RELIANCE ON THE PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE AS A PRINCIPAL URBAN TRANSIT MODE; SPECIFIC PROPOSALS ARE DISCUSSED BRIEFLY. THE REPORT ALSO CONSIDERS LONG-RANGE ALTERNATIVES FOR URBAN DESIGN, WHICH MAY REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION. DEVELOPMENTS WHICH INTEGRATE HOUSING, OFFICES, AND SHOPPING FACILITIES IN A UNIFIED SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED. THE CONCLUSION IS REACHED THAT PLANNED COMMUNITIES MAY ULTIMATELY BE ABLE TO COMBINE FACTORS WHICH WILL REDUCE THE PUBLIC RELIANCE ON TRANSPORTATION AS A NECESSARY ASPECT OF DAILY LIFE. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Communication systems KW - Intermodal transportation KW - New towns KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241843 AU - Baxter, R G AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE HIGH SPEED RAIL STATION IN SUBURBAN LANHAM, MARYLAND -- AN ANALYSIS PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT IS A DETAILED EXAMINATION OF RAIL TRANSPORTATION AND ITS PATRONAGE AT LANHAM, MARYLAND. THIS STATION, LOCATED IN SUBURBAN WASHINGTON, D. C., WAS INITIALLY THOUGHT TO BE IDEALLY LOCATED FOR DEMONSTRATING BOTH HIGH SPEED INTERCITY AND RAPID URBAN COMMUTER RAIL TRANSPORTATION. THE ADVENT OF METROLINER SERVICE BETWEEN WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK BEGINNING IN 1966 WAS BELIEVED TO HAVE SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL DEMAND IN THE SUBURBAN CORRIDOR NORTH OF WASHINGTON. IN ADDITION, THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT THE LANHAM SITE WAS WELL SITUATED TO GENERATE SUBSTANTIAL COMMUTER TRAFFIC FROM THROUGHOUT THE AREA. THROUGHOUT, THE AUTHOR IS CONCERNED WITH THE POTENTIAL OF LANHAM TO GENERATE COMMUTER TRAFFIC FOR A RAPID RAIL SYSTEM SERVING WASHINGTON. ALTHOUGH THIS WAS NOT PART OF THE FEDERAL DEMONSTRATION AT THE STATION, THE AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT LANHAM PROVIDES A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY FOR INTEGRATING INTRAURBAN AND INTERCITY RAIL TRANSPORTATION AT A CONVENIENT SITE LOCATED ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF A METROPOLITAN AREA. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THESE DATA ILLUSTRATE HOW URBAN AND INTER-URBAN TRANSPORTATION CAN COMPLIMENT ONE ANOTHER. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH RESULTS OF AN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEY CONDUCTED AT THE LANHAM STATION. THESE DATA CONFIRMED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT LANHAM TERMINAL WAS SERVING COMMUNITIES THROUGHOUT SUBURBAN WASHINGTON. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE DEMONSTRATION HAS PROVEN SUCCESSFUL AND THAT THE POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE INTEGRATION OF RAIL SERVICES WAS SUPPORTED. /UMTA/ KW - County government KW - Data collection KW - Federal government KW - Intercity transportation KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Modal split KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - States KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240712 AU - Kim, W I AU - Consortium of Universities TI - DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY AIRPORT PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT BEGINS WITH AN OVERALL FORECAST OF AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AND PATRONAGE IN THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE AREA. PROJECTIONS THROUGH 1985 ARE DETAILED ALONG WITH SPECIFIC DATA ON OPERATIONS IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES GENERAL ECONOMIC AND CONSUMER BENEFITS TO BE YIELDED BY PLANNED AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT. THE PHYSICAL PLANT IS EVALUATED TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT OF NECESSARY LONG-RANGE DEVELOPMENT. AIR SPACE IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO OBSTRUCTIONS ON THE APPROACHES AND THEIR DISTANCE FROM THOSE OF OTHER AREA FACILITIES, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL ARE ASSESSED. COMMUNITY IMPACTS AND CONSTRUCTION COSTS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED BRIEFLY. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LONG-RANGE DEVELOPMENT OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY AIRPORT. THESE ARE ADVANCED WITH GENERAL REFERENCE TO FACILITIES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE EXISTING COMPLEX. A TWO-PHASE PROGRAM IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL. THE AUTHOR GIVES PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONVERSION OF THE PRESENT RUNWAY COMPLEX TO PRECISION STANDARDS. DETAILED MAPS AND DESIGNS FOR AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT ARE APPENDED TO SUPPLEMENT THE TEXTUAL MATERIAL. /UMTA/ KW - Air traffic control KW - Air transportation KW - Aircraft KW - Aircraft operations KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Communities KW - Community reactions KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Forecasting KW - Montgomery County Airport (Maryland) KW - Regional planning KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239536 AU - National Academy of Engineering TI - COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR URBAN IMPROVEMENT PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES DEVELOPMENTS IN COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR URBAN IMPROVEMENT. THE CURRENT STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY AND USE OF TELEPHONES, VIDEOPHONES, TELEPHONE DATA NETWORKS, MOBILE RADIOS, RADIO AND TELEVISION BROADCASTING, PUBLIC BROADCASTING, BROADBAND CABLE NETWORKS, AND INTERACTIVE HOME TERMINALS IS EXAMINED. FOUR EVOLUTIONARY COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS WHICH APPEAR TO HAVE SPECIAL PROMISE FOR APPLICATION IN FUTURE URBAN SYSTEMS ARE: (1) TELEPHONE NETWORKS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF PICTURES, VOICE, AND WRITTEN MATERIALS BETWEEN TWO POINTS; (2) CABLE TELEVISION NETWORKS CONNECTING OFFICES AND HOMES WITH A CENTRAL FACILITY FOR TRANSMITTING PUBLIC INFORMATION; (3) A BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK OF TWO-WAY TELEVISION CHANNELS THAT INTERCONNECT MAJOR PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS AND LARGE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES; AND (4) A MULTI-PURPOSE CITY SENSING NETWORK FOR COLLECTING WEATHER, POLLUTION, TRAFFIC, VEHICLE LOCATION, AND POWER DATA. TWENTY PILOT PROJECTS ARE PROPOSED AND THEIR OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, IMPLEMENTATION, ADMINISTRATION, SITE SELECTIONS, EVALUATION, COST, AND RELEVANT LITERATURE ARE DESCRIBED. THE RECOMMENDED DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS ARE BROKEN DOWN AMONG EIGHT BASIC CATEGORIES. FOR IMPROVED CITIZEN-GOVERNMENT INTERACTION, THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL COMMUNITY INFORMATION CENTER TO PROVIDE A WIDE VARIETY OF INFORMATION SERVICES. RECOMMENDED PILOT STUDIES IN EDUCATION INCLUDE DEVELOPMENTS IN TWO-WAY INSTRUCTIONAL TELEVISION, COMMUNITY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, AND CABLE TELEVISION FOR DISTRIBUTION OF COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTIONAL SERVICES. PROPOSED APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN TELEMEDICAL SYSTEMS TO CONNECT MAJOR HOSPITALS WITH SATELLITE CLINICS AND NURSING HOME FACILITIES. THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELIABLE LONG-PATH SENSING DEVICES IS ENCOURAGED TO PERMIT IMPROVED MONITORING OF AIR POLLUTION AND WEATHER CONDITIONS. THREE PROPOSED PILOT STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION ARE: (1) DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A FULLY AUTOMATED USER INFORMATION SYSTEM; (2) DEMONSTRATION OF AN AUTOMOBILE-TRANSIT INTERCHANGE STATION WITH FACILITIES FOR AUTOMATED PARKING, FARE COLLECTION, PEDESTRIAN GUIDANCE, AND INFORMATION SERVICES; AND (3) INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL REDUCTIONS IN TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS THROUGH IMPROVED POINT-TO-POINT COMMUNICATIONS. RECOMMENDED PROJECTS FOR CRIME PREVENTION AND EMERGENCY SERVICES INCLUDE IMPLEMENTATION OF 24-HOUR TELEVISION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS, AN INSTANTANEOUS METHOD FOR LOCATING THE ORIGIN OF EMERGENCY CALLS, AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MUNICIPAL COMMAND CENTER FOR CONTROLLING A WIDE VARIETY OF URBAN EMERGENCY SERVICE OPERATIONS. OTHER GENERAL PROJECTS DISCUSSED ARE UPDATING THE TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CABLE TV FRANCHISES, EVALUATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR AN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM, AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DATA BANK ON URBAN RADIO PROPAGATION. TWO SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS ENCOURAGE THE PARTICIPATION OF MINORITY GROUPS TO COMMUNICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST LOCAL TELEVISION PROGRAMMING. /UMTA/ KW - Communication systems KW - Driver information systems KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Travel KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240145 AU - Baltimore City Department of Transit and Traffic TI - JOB EXPRESS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/06 AB - THE JOB EXPRESS TRANSPORTATION (JET) PROJECT WAS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE BUS ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNER CITY RESIDENTS OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. SEVERAL EXPERIMENTAL BUS EXPRESS ROUTES WERE DEVELOPED WHICH COULD BE ECONOMICALLY INTEGRATED INTO THE OVERALL TRANSIT NETWORK ON A PERMANENT BASIS. IN ADDITION, THE PROJECT ATTEMPTED TO VERIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND INCREASED JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE HARD-CORE URBAN POOR, AS WELL AS TO TEST VARIOUS PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING INNER CITY UNEMPLOYMENT. BACKGROUND MATERIAL IS DISCUSSED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND COORDINATION WITH LOCAL ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMS. THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLICITY IN GENERATING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR JET AND IN PROVIDING POTENTIAL USERS WITH NECESSARY INFORMATION IS DESCRIBED. THE PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN EMBRACED A MULTI-MEDIA TECHNIQUE WHICH IS OUTLINED THOROUGHLY. FARES, TRANSFER FEES, AND ZONE CHARGES WHERE APPLICABLE ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH OF THE 22 ROUTES OPERATED BY JET. ROUTE SELECTION PROCEDURES ARE REVIEWED IN DETAIL, ALONG WITH CHANGES IN THE INITIAL PLAN WHICH WERE INSTITUTED DURING THE PROJECT'S OPERATIONAL PHASE. DETAILED RIDERSHIP AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DATA ARE BROKEN DOWN FOR EACH ROUTE. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT SUFFICIENT RIDERSHIP WAS GENERATED TO ENSURE BREAK-EVEN OPERATIONS ONCE THE JET ROUTES ARE TAKEN OVER BY THE METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY, AND THAT THE OVERALL PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXPRESS BUS TRANSPORTATION IN PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT ACCESS TO INNER CITY RESIDENTS. DETAILED ROUTE MAPS COVERING ALL PHASES OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT ARE APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Employment KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Ridership KW - Route choice KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226485 AU - California Institute of Technology TI - VEHICLES IN CONFINED SPACES (VICS-120) FACILITY DESIGN - INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/06 AB - A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF TESTING FACILITIES EMPLOYED IN AN AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF VEHICLES IN CONFINED SPACES IS PRESENTED. THE VICS-120 CONSISTS OF A 120-FOOT VERTICAL TEST SECTION TUBE ASSEMBLY. THE VERTICAL CONFIGURATION IS EMPLOYED TO ALLOW FOR A CONSTANT ACCELERATION OF THE MODELS. THE FACILITY WAS DESIGNED FOR MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY IN ITS OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS, PARTICULARLY TO ACCOMODATE HIGH PRESSURES. THE COMPLETE FACILITY IS DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO SITE PREPARATION, PLENUM ASSEMBLY, TEST SECTION TUBES, LAUNCHER, ARRESTOR, SCAFFOLD, HANDLING FIXTURES, CONTROL ROOM, VALVE AND INTERLOCK SYSTEM, AND INSTRUMENTATION. SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE FACILITY ARE APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Building materials KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pressure KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Test facilities KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240718 AU - Langfield, S C AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE BALANCED AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE SITE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO A METRO STATION AS A CONTRIBUTOR TO A MORE HEALTHY AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1971/06 AB - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONSTRUCTION OF RAPID MASS TRANSPORTATION AND SURROUNDING LAND USE AND PROPERTY VALUATION IS TRACED. THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCLUSION DRAWN FROM THIS ANALYSIS IS THAT INCREASED ACCESSIBILITY (PROVIDED BY TRANSIT) SHIFTS HUMAN ACTIVITIES TO THE MOST ACCESSIBILE LOCATIONS, PROMOTING MORE INTENSIVE LAND USE AND SUBSEQUENTLY GREATER LAND VALUES. DATA COLLECTED FROM THE SAN FRANCISCO AND TORONTO EXAMPLES ARE DISCUSSED IN SUPPORT OF THIS CONTENTION. PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING THE CHANGES IN LAND USE BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSIT CONSTRUCTION ARE PROVIDED. IN SAN FRANCISCO, THE METHOD EMPLOYED WAS INCENTIVE ZONING OF LAND ADJACENT TO THE PROPOSED BART (BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT) SYSTEM. ZONING REGULATIONS WERE CAREFULLY PLANNED TO STIMULATE DESIRED PATTERNS OF LAND USE AND CONSTRUCTION, ENFORCED BY LAW. IN TORONTO, LESS FORMAL CONTROL WERE ESTABLISHED UNDER WHICH THE MUNICIPALITY ACQUIRED WIDE STRIPS OF LAND IN WHICH TRANSIT RIGHTS-OF-WAY WERE TO BE LOCATED. SURPLUS LAND WAS THEN PARCELED OUT BY THE MUNICIPALITY FOR PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT ON A LONG-TERM LEASE BASIS, PENDING APPROVAL OF A REGIONAL PLANNING BODY. A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION IS PROVIDED OF THE NORTH BETHESDA, MD. SITE, WITH REFERENCE TO EXISTING LAND USE, ASSESSED VALUATION, AND ZONING. POTENTIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE EXAMINED. /UMTA/ KW - Appraisals KW - Before and after studies KW - Land appraisal KW - Land use KW - Land values KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Rapid transit KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228264 AU - Lavender, J O AU - Stopher, P L AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - STOCHASTIC DISAGGREGATE MODE CHOICE MODELS: A TEST OF THREE HYPOTHESES PY - 1971/06 AB - STOCHASTIC DISAGREGATE ANALYSIS FOCUSES UPON CAUSAL VARIABLES AND FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS BY ADDRESSING ITSELF TO THE UNIQUE CHOICE ENVIRONMENT OF EACH INDIVIDUAL. THREE BASIC QUESTIONS ARE RAISED: FIRST, WHICH OF THREE ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES IS BEST IN CALCULATING THE PROPORTIONS OF A GROUP CHOOSING EACH SPECIFIC MODE: (1) DISCRIMINATE ANALYSIS (WHICH SEPARATES A HETEROGENEOUS GROUP INTO SUBGROUPS ACCORDING TO A LINEAR FUNCTION OF SUBJECT ATTRIBUTES); (2) PROBIT ANALYSIS; AND (3) LOGIT ANALYSIS (WHICH CALCULATES THE PROBABILITY THAT AN INDIVIDUAL WILL MAKE A SPECIFIC CHOICE GIVEN A SET OF VALUES FOR RELEVANT CHOICE PARAMETERS); SECOND, WHETHER DIFFERENCES, RATIOS, OR LOGS OF RATIOS BETWEEN TRAVEL TIMES AND COSTS ARE SUPERIOR IN CALCULATING MODE CHOICE; THIRD, CONCERNS THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF USING STRATIFIED DATA. A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE SEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE RESULTS OF EARLIER STUDIES. THE WORKS OF FIVE MAJOR RESEARCHERS ARE REVIEWED IN DETAIL. DATA FOR THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF STOCHASTIC DISAGGREGATE MODELS WERE TAKEN FROM THE CHICAGO AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY; A COMPLETE OUTLINE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IS PROVIDED. SPECIFIC RESULTS FOR EACH OF THE THREE QUESTIONS ARE PROVIDED IN DETAIL. AS ANTICIPATED, THE LOGIT AND PROBIT TECHNIQUES PROVED MORE EFFECTIVE IN REPLICATING THE ACTUAL MODAL SPLIT PROPORTIONS, ALTHOUGH ALL THREE METHODS PERFORMED WELL. NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AMONG THE VARIABLE FORMULATIONS (IE. DIFFERENCES, RATIOS, OR LOGS OF RATIOS) WERE REVEALED. FINALLY, THE ANALYSIS YIELDED NO ADVANTAGES FOR USING STRATIFIED DATA; AGE, INCOME, AND LOCATION PROVED TO BE SIGNIFICANT DETERMINANTS OF MODE CHOICE FOR LOGIT MODELS, BUT A VARIABLE FOR SEX DID NOT APPRECIABLY AFFECT THE RESULTS. /UMTA/ KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Modal split KW - Reviews KW - Stochastic processes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239459 AU - Dueker, K J AU - Horton, F E AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1971/06 AB - IN A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CONTEXT, THE CONTINUING URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS MUST BE DEFINED AS A SUBSYSTEM WITHIN THE URBAN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS. ALTHOUGH URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS AND CITY MANAGEMENT HAVE SIMILAR DATA REQUIREMENTS, THERE ARE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES WHICH DO NOT ALWAYS JUSTIFY JOINT INFORMATION SYSTEMS. IN ADDITION TO A COMMONALITY OF NEED THERE ARE CERTAIN INDEPENDENT DATA COLLECTION ACTIVITIES OCCURRING WITHIN METROPOLITAN AREAS THAT COULD WELL PROVIDE USEFUL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DATA FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND THE CONTINUING PHASE. THERE ARE THREE DIMENSIONS OR ELEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: (1) A METHODOLOGY FOR SPECIFYING A SPATIAL LOCATION, (2) A PHASE WHICH DEALS WITH TEMPORAL QUESTIONS, AND (3) A SEGMENT WHICH IS CONCERNED WITH THE KIND OF PHENOMENA BEING OBSERVED. METHODS OF SPATIAL LOCATION, OFTEN TERMED GEOCODING, REFER TO THE MEANS OF SPECIFYING LOCATION IN A MACHINE- READABLE FORM. DETERMINATION OF THE APPROPRIATE FREQUENCY FOR ACQUIRING NEW IMAGERY, SURVEYS, OR EVALUATING DATA FROM RECORD-KEEPING FUNCTIONS MUST BE DETERMINED. WHILE IT IS EASY TO POINT OUT THAT SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND PHYSICAL PHENOMENA SHOULD BE MEASURED AND INTEGRATED INTO INFORMATION SYSTEM FILES, SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDED DATA AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES VARIES FROM CITY TO CITY. INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS DO NOT POSE DIFFICULT TECHNICAL PROBLEMS, BUT THEY DO POSE INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE ONES WHERE LEGAL, ORGANIZATION, AND COORDINATION PROBLEMS ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS. TECHNICAL PROBLEMS DO EXIST, BUT TECHNOLOGY HAS ADVANCED ENOUGH TO MAKE A VARIETY OF DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WITH CITIES FEASIBLE THOUGH NOT NECESSARILY ACCEPTABLE WITHIN A PARTICULAR INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Coding systems KW - Data banks KW - Geographic information systems KW - Information systems KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban data banks KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201057 AU - PAPPAS, G T AU - Consortium of Universities TI - SELECTED SOURCES OF NON-FAREBOX REVENUE FOR METRO: LANDOVER AND HUNTINGTON STATIONS PY - 1971/06 AB - SUCH VARIABLES AS STATION DESIGN, PEAK-HOUR TRIP GENERATION, AND PARKING FACILITIES AT ANY GIVEN STATION WILL YIELD DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING SOURCES OF NON- FAREBOX REVENUE. THE REPORT INCLUDES DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF EACH STATION UNDER STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO POTENTIAL LOCATIONS FOR ADVERTISING DISPLAYS AND CONCESSION STANDS. TEXTUAL MATERIAL IS SUPPLEMENTED WITH ARCHITECTS' DRAWINGS OF THE PROPOSED DESIGN. THE EXPERIENCES OF EIGHT OTHER TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE COMPARED IN NORTH AMERICA FOR ADVERTISING AND CONCESSIONS. FOR EACH OF THE PROPERTIES SURVEYED, NET REVENUES ARE DOCUMENTED FROM ALL SOURCES ALONG WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE SERVICES PROVIDED. ADVERTISING GENERALLY CONSISTS OF WALL-MOUNTED POSTERS OR CARDS DISPLAYED WITHIN THE TRAINS. CONCESSIONS INCLUDE NEWSSTANDS, VENDING MACHINES, LUNCHEONETTES, COIN LOCKERS, PAY TELEPHONES, BOOTH RENTALS, AND VARIOUS OTHER PASSENGER AMENITIES. A TOTAL OF SOME $20,000 ANNUALLY COULD BE GENERATED FOR METRO AT EACH STATION (LANDOVER AND HUNTINGTON) BY LEASING SPACE FOR ADVERTISING AND CONCESSIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Concessions KW - Parking KW - Railroad stations KW - Revenues KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239504 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR BURLINGTON, IOWA 1971-1975 PY - 1971/06 AB - TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN THE BURLINGTON AREA CONSIST OF THE CITY BUS SYSTEM OPERATED BY BURLINGTON TRANSIT LINES, INC. (BTL) AND THE SCHOOL BUS SERVICE PROVIDED BY THE BURLINGTON COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT. SEVEN ROUTES ARE OPERATED BY THE BTL, WITH ALL ROUTES RADIATING INTO VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY FROM THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. SIX OF THE ROUTES ARE OPERATED AS LEGS OF THREE BASIC THROUGH ROUTES, WHILE ONE OF THE ROUTES IS OPERATING IN AN EAST-WEST DIRECTION BETWEEN DOWNTOWN BURLINGTON AND THE FLINT HILLS AREA. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT THE CITY SHOULD MAKE APPLICATION TO THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION IMMEDIATELY FOR CAPITAL GRANT FUNDS FOR THE PURCHASE OF SEVEN NEW 19-PASSENGER AIR-CONDITIONED BUSES AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS TRANSIT SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS. UPON RECEIPT OF THESE FUNDS, THE CITY SHOULD PURCHASE ALL USEFUL PROPERTY HELD BY BTL. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - School buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228263 AU - Genis, T P AU - Consortium of Universities TI - A TRAFFIC DEMAND ANALYSIS FOR THE PROPOSED VISITOR CENTER/TRANSPORTATION CENTER/ARENA COMPLEX UNION STATION SITE WASHINGTON, D. C. PY - 1971/06 AB - VARIOUS PROBLEMS CITED ARE: (1) NON-EXISTENT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LINE HAUL MODES; (2) AN INEFFICIENT GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; (3) LIMITED INTERFACES TO REGIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEMS FOR BUSES, MAIL, AND TRUCK OPERATIONS; (4) PARKING FACILITIES FOR VISITORS IN THE AREAS OF THE PROPOSED CENTERS; (5) THE NEED FOR TRANSPORTATION TO AND FROM FRIENDSHIP AND DULLES AIRPORTS. MAPS, DIAGRAMS, TABLES AND CHARTS ARE USED TO SPECIFY IN WHICH AREAS CONSTRUCTION OR LAND USE CHANGES ARE NEEDED AND ALSO TO PREDICT THE VOLUME OF PEOPLE USING THESE FACILITIES FOR THE NEXT FIFTEEN YEARS. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Demand KW - Ground transportation KW - Interfaces KW - Mode S KW - Parking KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241984 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - MILWAUKEE AREA TRANSIT PLAN PY - 1971/06 AB - THE MILWAUKEE BUS SYSTEM, ALTHOUGH RENDERING BETTER-THAN- AVERAGE SERVICE, IS CAUGHT BETWEEN THE TWO CONFLICTING PRESSURES OF A CONTINUING DECLINE IN PATRONAGE AND THE CONSTANTLY RISING COSTS OF LABOR AND EQUIPMENT. EVALUATION OF NEW TRANSIT EQUIPMENT THAT IS AVAILABLE OR UNDER DEVELOPMENT LEADS TO THE CONCLUSION THAT A BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IS APPROPRIATE FOR MILWAUKEE DURING THE YEARS AHEAD, SERVING ALL SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION WHILE EXERTING THE LEAST HARMFUL EFFECT UPON THE ENVIRONMENT. THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM, EMPLOYING A NEW TYPE OF TURBINE-POWERED BUS, WILL OFFER FAST SERVICE WHICH CAN BE COMPETITIVE WITH THE PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE. THE COMFORTABLE NEW VEHICLES, WITH A SPEED CAPABILITY OF 70 MPH., WILL TRAVEL ON FREEWAYS WITH OTHER TRAFFIC UNTIL THEY REACH THE POINT WHERE TRAVEL SPEEDS ON THE FREEWAYS NORMALLY DROP DUE TO RUSH-HOUR CONGESTION; THE TRANSIT VEHICLES WILL THEN MOVE ONTO THEIR OWN FREEWAY--A GRADE-SEPARATED BUS ROADWAY -- FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE TRIP. THE DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BUS ROADWAYS MAKE THE FACILITIES ADAPTABLE TO ANY OF THE TYPES OF TRANSIT EQUIPMENT THAT EXIST, OR ON WHICH RESEARCH HAS PROCEEDED FAR ENOUGH TO INDICATE FEASIBILITY. CONSEQUENTLY, ROADWAYS, RAMPS, AND OTHER SPECIAL FACILITIES BUILT FOR THE RAPID TRANSIT BUS CAN BE UTILIZED FOR NEW HARDWARE IF SUPERIOR EQUIPMENT BECOMES AVAILABLE IN THE FUTURE. THE SYSTEM OFFERS THE DISTINCT ADVANTAGE OF BEING AVAILABLE SOON AT A RELATIVELY LOW DEVELOPMENT COST. EXPENDITURES FOR SPECIAL EXCLUSIVE BUS "TRANSITWAYS" WOULD BE MADE ONLY IN FREEWAY CORRIDORS THAT ARE PRESENTLY CONGESTED OR ARE LIKELY TO BECOME SO IN THE NEAR FUTURE. THE EXPANDED LOCAL BUS SYSTEM WOULD PROVIDE 1,450 ROUND TRIP ROUTE MILES OF SERVICE; OF THIS, 887 MILES WOULD ACT AS FEEDERS TO THE RAPID TRANSIT STATION. UNDER THE CONDITIONS EXISTING IN THE MILWAUKEE AREA AT THE TIME OF THIS REPORT, A SUFFICIENTLY VIGOROUS MASS TRANSIT OPERATION CANNOT BE MAINTAINED BY PRIVATE ENTERPRISE. IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT MILWAUKEE COUNTY PROCEED WITH ACQUISITION OF THE OPERATING FACILITIES OF THE MILWAUKEE AND SUBURBAN TRANSPORT CORPORATION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus lanes KW - Convenience KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Peak periods KW - Reserved lanes KW - Streets KW - Technology KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240719 AU - Tuzo, G C AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE EVOLUTION OF THE D.C. HIGHWAY SYSTEM PY - 1971/06 AB - THE REPORT TRACES DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ARTERIES IN THE WASHINGTON, D. C. AREA SINCE THE LATE 18TH CENTURY AND PROJECTS FUTURE DEMANDS THROUGH THE 1990'S. THE REPORT NOTES EARLY CITY PLANNING WHICH EMPHASIZED A SYSTEM OF BROAD AVENUES CUTTING ACROSS A GRID OF PERPENDICULAR STREETS. THE PATTERNED GROWTH OF THIS SYSTEM TO MEET DEMANDS GENERATED BY INCREASING COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION THROUGHOUT THE 19TH CENTURY IS EXAMINED WITH FREQUENT CITATIONS FROM ACTS OF CONGRESS, PLANNING REPORTS, AND THE CITY BUDGET. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE RESPONSIVENESS OF THIS GROWTH AND CONNECTIONS BETWEEN OUTLYING DEVELOPMENTS AND THE CENTRAL CITY. THE REPORT ALSO DISCUSSES PLANNING IN THE EARLY 1900'S, WITH REFERENCE TO THE DEMANDS FOR STREETS AND HIGHWAYS GENERATED BY INTRODUCTION OF THE AUTOMOBILE AND MASS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. AT THAT TIME, THE CITY WAS FACED WITH FOUR LONG-RANGE PLANNING ALTERNATIVES. THESE INCLUDED: (1) PLANNED SPRAWL; (2) DISPERSED CITIES; (3) PERIPHERAL COMMUNITIES; AND (4) RADIAL CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT. RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SCHEDULED FOR COMPLETION BEFORE 1980 IS ANALYZED. POTENTIAL RADIAL APPLICATIONS ARE EXAMINED FOR THIS TRANSIT NETWORK TO CONNECT PLANNED CIRCUMFERENTIAL HIGHWAYS WITH THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. HOWEVER, THE PRESENT TRANSIT ROUTING WILL NOT EXTEND SERVICE BEYOND THE CAPITOL BELTWAY (WASHINGTON'S MAJOR EXISTING CIRCUMFERENTIAL EXPRESSWAY), AND THUS BEFORE 1980, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MUST BE RELIED UPON TO GUIDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUTLYING AREAS. CIRCUMFERENTIAL LINKS WILL ENCOURAGE GROWTH OUTSIDE PLANNED CORRIDORS IN THE WEDGE AREAS ORIGINALLY CONTEMPLATED FOR NO (OR HIGHLY RESTRICTED) URBAN DEVELOPMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Corridors KW - Demand KW - Future growth KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240722 AU - Studholme, E D AU - Consortium of Universities TI - METRO IMPACT IN ARLINGTON COUNTY: A CASE STUDY AND EVALUATION OF A TRANSIT GROWTH MODEL PY - 1971/06 AB - A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH MODEL USED TO ESTIMATE TRANSIT IMPACT IN ARLINGTON COUNTY, VIRGINIA, FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE METRO RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM CONCLUDES THAT PRESENT IMPACT FORECASTING IS BASED ONLY ON THE DIRECT CONSEQUENCES OF INCREASED ACCESSIBILITY WHICH METRO WILL AFFORD TO AREA RESIDENTS AND IGNORES THE "ULTIMATE IMPACT" OF INCREASED OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH IN ALL SECTORS OF THE SURROUNDING COMMUNITY. THE REPORT EVALUATES TWO PROPOSED MODELS OF GROWTH IN PROXIMITY TO PLANNED RAPID TRANSIT STATION. THE FOUR BASIC DEVELOPMENTAL VARIABLES, POPULATION SIZE, POPULATION AND BUILDING DENSITY, LAND USE ZONING, AND CIRCULATION AND MOBILITY, WERE USED BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS TO MODEL PROBABLE RATES OF GROWTH THROUGHOUT ARLINGTON COUNTY FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE METRO. THE MINIMUM ESTIMATES GENERATED BY THIS MODEL EXCEEDED MAXIMUM WATER AND SEWER CAPACITIES BY 15%. IT WAS THEREFORE NECESSARY TO ADOPT ANOTHER MODEL THAT RESTRICTED MAXIMUM EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, ALLOWABLE RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, AND TOTAL POPULATION ALLOWANCE. IN ADDITION, GREATER EMPHASIS WAS PLACED ON COMMUTERS THAN ON WORKERS EMPLOYED WITHIN THE COUNTY, AND GREATER ALLOWANCE WAS MADE FOR AUTO COMMUTERS. THE REPORT CHALLENGES SEVERAL BASIC PLANNING ASSUMPTIONS IN THE SECOND MODEL REGARDING PROJECTED DEMOGRAPHY AND DEMAND, MARKET AGGREGATION, RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, AND COMMUTER MODAL SPLIT. POPULATION FORECASTING IN SECOND MODEL IS BASED ON TRANSPORTATION ACCESS AND WATER AND SEWER CAPACITIES, NEITHER OF WHICH IS A GOOD PREDICTOR OF RESIDENTIAL GROWTH. IN ADDITION, THE COUNTY-WIDE TRANSIT DEMAND WILL BE HIGHLY CONCENTRATED IN THREE SPECIFIC CORRIDORS SUCH THAT OVERALL MODAL SPLIT MAY BE SUBJECT OT SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS FROM MODEL ESTIMATES. FURTHERMORE, THE MODEL PREDICTS THAT SOME 42% OF ALL EMPLOYED RESIDENTS WILL WORK WITHIN THE COUNTY, BUT FOR EVERY RESIDENT EMPLOYEE LOST TO A JOB OUTSIDE THE CORRIDOR, FOUR WORK TRIPS ARE GENERATED, AND PROBABLE ERRORS IN THE INITIAL FORECASTS MAY RESULT IN SIZEABLE FUTURE VARIATIONS. IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED BRIEFLY WITH REFERENCE TO THE COUNTY ZONING PROCESS. /UMTA/ KW - Development KW - Economic impacts KW - Employment KW - Floor area ratio KW - Housings KW - Impacts KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Real estate development KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242102 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Colonel Sh Bingham Associates TI - CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY: VOLUMES III & IV PY - 1971/06 AB - AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF PEOPLE AND GOODS MOVEMENT THROUGH THE REGIONAL CORE OF THE BOSTON METROPOLITAN AREA IS PRESENTED. VOLUME III DELINEATES THE PROPOSED ROUTE CONFIGURATION FOR ALL SEGMENTS OF THE RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM. SCALED AERIAL MAPS ARE PROVIDED FOR CONSECUTIVE SEGMENTS OF APPROXIMATELY 2,000 FEET; ADJACENT LAND USAGE AND STATION SITES ARE NOTED. VERTICAL, CROSS-SECTIONAL MAPS ARE ALSO INCLUDED TO INDICATE GRADATION AND SLOPE OF BOTH THE PROPOSED GUIDEWAYS AND SUBSURFACE TUNNELS. VOLUME IV IS A DETAILED COST ANALYSIS OF THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM. A DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT TASKS AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF FOUR DEVELOPMENT PHASES IS PROVIDED. ADDITIONAL COST ESTIMATES ARE BROKEN DOWN AMONG THREE COMPONENT SUBSYSTEMS: (1) COMMUNICATIONS; (2) SIGNALS; AND (3) POWER DISTRIBUTION. THE PROPOSED COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM WILL CONSIST OF ADVANCED TRAIN-TO-WAYSIDE RADIO, INTER-STATION TELEPHONE LINKS, AND A PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM. FOUR-PHASE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS FOR SIGNALS AND POWER DISTRIBUTION ARE ALSO DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS ARE ESTIMATED AT GREATER THAN $150 MILLION. USING COST ESTIMATES AND ROUTE CONFIGURATIONS, A RIGOROUS FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED FOR EACH PHASE OF THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION PLAN. PHASE I WOULD CONSIST OF IMPROVNG TRANSFERS BETWEEN A COMMUTER RAILROAD AND THE RAPID TRANSIT LINE AND CONSTRUCTING A COMMUTER PARKING AREA FOR SOME 2,000 AUTOMOBILES. PHASE II WOULD PROVIDE EXPRESS TRANSIT SERVICE BETWEEN THE COUNTY AIRPORT AND A PROPOSED TERMINAL. PHASE III PROPOSAL WOULD PROVIDE DIRECT RAIL ACCESS TO LOGAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, AND CONNECT MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS VIA SUBWAY. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airports KW - Communications KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Maps KW - Power KW - Rapid transit KW - Routes KW - Signals KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241934 AU - McGean, T J AU - MITRE Corporation TI - RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS SURVEY OF THE RAPID RAIL INDUSTRY PY - 1971/06 AB - THE SURVEY WAS DESIGNED TO ASSESS THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN ATTACKING PROBLEMS BASIC TO RAPID RAIL DESIGN, OPERATION, AND MANAGEMENT. TEN SPECIFIC SUBJECT AREAS WERE EXAMINED: (1) NOISE AND NOISE CONTROL: (2) VANDALISM AND SECURITY; (3) RIDE QUALITY; (4) SYSTEM RELIABILITY AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS; (5) FARE COLLECTION; (6) PROPULSION, BRAKING, AND POWER DISTRIBUTION; (7) INFORMATION AND TRAINING; (8) FIRE AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS; (9) DERAILMENT PROBLEMS; AND (10) MISCELLANEOUS. ALL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA WERE CONTACTED; A SUPPLEMENTAL SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED AMONG INDUSTRY SUPPLIERS AND MANUFACTURERS. SIXTEEN FUTURE RESEARCH CATEGORIES WERE IDENTIFIED AND RATED BY INDUSTRY OFFICIALS. THE TOP FIVE WERE ALL CONCERNED WITH NOISE CONTROL, FARE COLLECTION, AND SECURITY FROM VANDALISM. THE REPORT ALSO LISTS CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH PROPERTY CONTACTED IN THE SURVEY WITH REFERENCE TO POWER DISTRIBUTION, POWER REQUIREMENTS, VEHICLES IN USE, PLATFORM DIMENSIONS, MAXIMUM CARS PER TRAIN, MAXIMUM SPEED, TRACKAGE, STATION STOP DELAY, AND THIRD RAIL CHARACTERISTICS. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS ARE REPRODUCED ON A CHART WHICH NOTES THE NUMBER OF PRIORITY DESIGNATIONS ASSIGNED TO EACH OF 95 SPECIFIC RESEARCH ITEMS IN THE 16 CATEGORIES. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Industries KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Requirement KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228262 AU - Allen, W B AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - DEVELOPING AND TESTING OF A BEHAVIORAL MODAL SPLIT MODEL PY - 1971/06 AB - THE NEW MODEL EMPHASIZES: (1) PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTES OF DIFFERENT MODES WHICH AFFECT THEIR ATTRACTIVENESS TO POTENTIAL USERS; (2) EXPERIENCE AND HABIT AS PRINCIPAL DETERMINATES OF MODAL CHOICE; AND (3) POSSIBLE LONG-RANGE ASPECTS OF AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP IN WHICH FACTORS OTHER THAN COMMUTING TIME AND COST MAY INFLUENCE USAGE. A GENERAL BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE SURVEY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL, MARKET, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS RELEVANT TO TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IS PRESENTED. THE BEHAVIORAL MODEL EMPLOYS SURVEY DATA TO MATCH PUBLIC PREFERENCES WITH ALTERNATE TRANSIT SYSTEMS. THE MODEL USES SEVERAL VARIABLES WHICH PERMIT THE CLASSIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONDENTS INTO THE GROUPS MOST LIKELY TO SELECT CERTAIN MODES UNDER GIVEN CONDITIONS. THESE VARIABLES INCLUDE: PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS (E.G. AGE, INCOME, SEX, AND RACE); POINTS OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION; THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF COST, SAFETY, AND CONVENIENCE FACTORS TO THE INDIVIDUAL; AND HIS PERCEPTIONS OF TIME, COSTS, AND CONVENIENCE ASSOCIATED WITH EACH ALTERNATIVE MODE. THE PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTES OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS WERE EMPHASIZED AS CRUCIAL FACTORS NOT TREATED BY PREVIOUS MODELS. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A COMPLETE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BEHAVIORAL AND MODAL SPLIT LITERATURE AND A DETAILED SURVEY OF EARLIER MODAL SPLIT STUDIES. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Mode S KW - Models KW - Reviews KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227366 AU - Eisenberg, L AU - Kaplan, E AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF THE CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL USING CONTINUOUS SYSTEM MODEL PROGRAM (CSMP) TECHNIQUES PY - 1971/06 AB - QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR MODELING CAR-FOLLOWING DYNAMICS ARE EXPLORED. GENERAL ASPECTS OF TRAFFIC THEORY ARE DISCUSSED IN WHICH THE BEHAVIOR OF GROUPED ROAD VEHICLES IS PREDICTED ACCORDING TO EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SUCH DISTINCT VARIABLES AS VEHICLE PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS, ROADWAY SURFACE CONDITIONS, AND DRIVER CHARACTERISTICS. BY DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS TO CORRELATE THESE VARIABLES, "REAL LIFE" TRAFFIC DYNAMICS CAN BE SIMULATED WITHOUT FIELD EXPERIMENTATION. THE CONCEPT OF TRAFFIC SIMULATION IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH THE VARIOUS STAGES OF MODEL BUILDING. FEEDBACK CONTROL IS DISCUSSED AS AN ESSENTIAL FACTOR IN A TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL. FEEDBACK CONTROL ASSUMES THAT DRIVERS IN A DYNAMIC SITUATION CONSTANTLY READJUST THEIR OPERATION OF A VEHICLE ACCORDING TO THEIR PERCEPTION OF VARIOUS CONDITIONS AROUND THEM. IT IS THEREFORE NECESSARY TO INCLUDE IN A CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL SOME MEASURE OF DRIVER REACTION TO THE DYNAMIC HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENT. THE BASIS OF THE CAR-FOLLOWING SIMULATION IS THE CONTINUOUS SYSTEM MODELING PROGRAM (CSMP), A SPECIAL COMPUTER PROGRAM DEVELOPED TO INTEGRATE VARIOUS HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONS. COMPUTER PRINT-OUTS ARE CONTAINED WHICH REVEAL THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CSMP IN ACTUAL OPERATION. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT TRAFFIC FLOW MAY BE BETTER UNDERSTOOD FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF DYNAMIC SIMULATION MODELING. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Car following KW - Driver characteristics KW - Drivers KW - Feedback KW - Feedback control KW - Human characteristics KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Prevailing highway conditions KW - Simulation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228261 AU - Causey, J W AU - Consortium of Universities TI - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING WITH APPLICATIONS PY - 1971/06 AB - ON THE BASIS OF (1) A CASE STUDY OF A NEW HIGHWAY LINK BETWEEN A PROPOSED FREEWAY AND THE BALTIMORE CBD AND (2) THE HYPOTHESIS THAT EVEN UNDER CAPACITY RESTRAINT CERTAIN ROUTES WOULD BE UNDERUTILIZED, TWO ALTERNATIVE TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES ARE EXAMINED TO DETERMINE WHICH LINK LOCATION WILL MAXIMIZE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF EXISTING FACILITIES. BOTH THE EXISTING ROAD NETWORK AND ONE CONTAINING ALL NEW LINKS WERE EMPLOYED IN THE ANALYSIS. ON A A MICROSCALE THE ENTIRE STREET AND HIGHWAY NETWORK WAS ANALYZED TO DETERMINE HOW WELL EACH ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM MET CERTAIN CRITERIA (VEHICLE MILES OF TRAVEL, VEHICLE HOURS OF TRAVEL, ANNUAL USER COSTS, SYSTEM COSTS, AND COMPUTER TIME). ON A MICROSCALE SELECTED SECTIONS WERE ANALYZED IN DETAIL, WITH VOLUME: CAPACITY RATIOS AND LEVELS OF SERVICE USED AS CRITERIA. ON BOTH SCALES THE SYSTEM EMPLOYING UNDERUTILIZED LINKS WAS PREFERABLE TO THE ONE USING ALL NEW LINKS. KW - Capacity restraint KW - Congestion KW - Highways KW - Level of service KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Traffic assignment KW - Traffic congestion KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242118 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority TI - CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY (SUMMARY REPORT) PY - 1971/06 AB - THE CENTRAL AREA SYSTEMS STUDY (CASS) OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY'S CENTRAL SUBWAY AND "GREEN LINE" STREETCAR SYSTEM CONCLUDED THAT THE LATTER, WHICH IS THE BACKBONE OF THE ENTIRE MBTA SYSTEM, WILL BEST SERVE THE PUBLIC BY RETAINING ITS PRESENT TYPE OF LOW-PLATFORM "STREETCAR TYPE" SERVICE AND THAT THIS SERVICE CAN BE EXPANDED AND MODERNIZED, WITH ADEQUATE CAPACITY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY AT LEAST UNTIL 1990. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED AT FAR LESS COST THAN WOULD BE INCURRED IF PART OR ALL OF THE GREEN LINE WERE CONVERTED TO HIGH-PLATFORM TYPE RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE. THE FOLLOWING PROGRAM IS RECOMMENDED: (1) ACQUIRE 220 NEW AIR-CONDITIONED "LIGHT RAIL" SURFACE-SUBWAY CARS TO REPLACE THE ENTIRE FLEET OF EXISTING STREETCARS. (2) CARRY OUT MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS TO THE GREEN LINE POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, INCLUDING THREE NEW SUBSTATIONS, NEW FEEDERS, AND IMPROVEMENTS TO THE TROLLEY SYSTEM. (3) MAKE TRACK AND ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS, INCLUDING INSTALLATION OF EMERGENCY CROSSOVERS, TURNBACK FACILITIES, AND CERTAIN STATION IMPROVEMENTS. (4) IMPROVE CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION FOR THE LINE, INCLUDING A CAB SIGNAL SYSTEM, AUTOMATIC TRAIN STOP PROTECTION, TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATION, PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS ON TRAINS AND AT STATIONS, NEW INTERLOCKINGS WITH AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC CONTROL AT PRINCIPAL JUNCTIONS, AND A SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC TRAIN IDENTIFICATION WITH AUTOMATIC DESTINATION SIGNS AT STATION PLATFORMS. (5) MAKE IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACK, FENCING, PLATFORMS, LIGHTING AND TRAFFIC CONTROL AND CONSTRUCT NEW PASSENGER SHELTERS AT THE PRINCIPAL STOPS. (6) CONSTRUCT A NEW VEHICLE MAINTENANCE FACILITY AND MODERNIZE THE RESERVOIR CAR HOUSE. THE QUESTION OF WHETHER TO TAILOR CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT TO DEMAND, OR TO ATTEMPT TO CREATE DEMAND, THROUGH A PROGRAM OF CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT, IS EXPLORED AT LENGTH. /UMTA/ KW - Demand KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Streetcars KW - Subways KW - Surface rail transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587394 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - An Urban Transportation Bibliography PY - 1971/05/03 SP - 116p AB - This reference material is the first step in a planned program to make a complete compilation of technical and scientific publications concerning urban mass transportation. The list includes abstracts of reports, studies, articles, monographs and other publication formats. The reference is designed to serve the scientific and technical needs of State, city and local government officials, transportation planners, industry leaders, consultants, researchers, and students of urban transportation problems. This reference list reflects the knowledge and information gained through investigations of transportation and related problems; the research, development and demonstration of new systems; new management procedures; and new applications for existing transportation systems. Each abstract includes a full bibliographical citation and National Technical Information Service catalog number. Sufficient bibliographic information is provided to order the desired documents from local libraries, the National Technical Information Service, or other sources. Included are a Subject Index, an Author Index, and an Organization Index. KW - Bibliographies KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56647/urbantransportat00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239516 AU - Snavely, King & Tucker TI - A STUDY OF THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM OPERATING IN THE LITTLE ROCK NORTH LITTLE ROCK AREA PY - 1971/05 AB - A BRIEF REGIONAL SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE AND THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY TO DETERMINE PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND DESIRES ARE PRESENTED. SURVEY METHODOLOGY IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH COMMUNITY RESPONSE DATA COLLECTED AT MODEL CITIES MEETINGS. FOUR GENERAL ISSUES ARE OF PRIMARY CONCERN: (1) SERVICE IMPROVEMENT; (2) ALLEVIATION OF THE OPERATING DEFICIT; (3) ALTERNATIVE OWENERSHIP SCHEMES; AND (4) THE IMPACT OF SERVICE DISCONTINUANCES ON THE COMMUNITY. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM ARE OUTLINED WITH REFERENCE TO EQUIPMENT, RIDERSHIP TRENDS, ROUTES AND SCHEDULING, MANPOWER, MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS, AND INFORMATION SERVICES. EXISTING SOURCES OF TRANSIT REVENUE ARE ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH PROJECTED OPERATING COSTS AND DEPRECIATION SCHEDULES. TRANSIT MARKETING TECHNIQUES ARE EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGNS, FARE STRUCTURE, AND POTENTIAL MARKETS FOR EXPANDED SERVICE. THE REPORT CONSIDERS ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT AND OWNERSHIP OPTIONS, AND CONCLUDES THAT OUT-RIGHT DISCONTINUATION OF SERVICE WILL ULTIMATELY EXTRACT GREATER SOCIAL COSTS THAN THE PROVISION OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE. OWNERSHIP BY THE CITY AND FORMATION OF A COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS TO OVERCOME POLITICAL PROBLEMS GENERATED BY RIVAL JURISDICTIONAL ENTITIES ARE OTHER ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED. POTENTIAL SOURCES OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY ARE OUTLINED WITH REFERENCE TO TAXATION, REVENUE BONDS, SPECIAL ASSESSMENT BONDS, AND GENERAL SUBSIDIZATION. THREE RELEVANT SOURCES OF FEDERAL ASSISTANCE ARE ALSO DISCUSSED, INCLUDING SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION REVENUE SHARING, MODEL CITIES FUNDING, AND URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING GRANTS. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A LONG-RANGE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL EMBRASING THE ACQUISITION OF NEW ROLLING STOCK, PURCHASE OF A COMPETITIVE TRANSIT COMPANY, RELOCATION OF MAINTENANCE FACILITIES, INSTALLATION OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES, AND RENOVATION OF PASSENGER SHELTERS AND BUS STOP SIGNS. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Depreciation KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Service KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242082 AU - Hempstead, New York TI - THE MERRICK MINIBUS: A SMALL FEEDER BUS OPERATION FOR COMMUTERS PY - 1971/05 AB - A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGNED TO TEST THE VIABILITY OF A SMALL, INEXPENSIVE COMMUTER BUS SERVICE IN AN AREA OF LOW POPULATION DENSITY IS DESCRIBED. PROCEDURES EMPLOYED IN SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE TRANSIT BUS ARE DISCUSSED, INCLUDING VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS AND AMENITIES FOR PASSENGER COMFORT. THE SERVICE OPERATIONS OVER A TWO-YEAR PERIOD ARE THOROUGHLY DOCUMENTED. FISCAL OPERATIONS ARE ALSO DETAILED, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS UPON FARE DETERMINATION, OPERATORS' WAGES, FARE COLLECTION, AND AVOIDABLE COSTS. A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF IMPACT ON THE PROJECT AREA INCLUDES THE RESULTS OF PERIODIC ONBOARD INTERVIEWS AND QUESTIONNAIRES. PUBLICITY PROMOTION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ARE ALSO OUTLINED IN DETAIL WITH SPECIFIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF ADVERTISING IN THE MASS MEDIA. AFTER TWO YEARS, THE PROJECT SPONSORS CONCLUDED THAT THE MERRICK MINIBUS WAS NOT SUFFICIENTLY PROFITABLE AS A COMMUTER SERVICE TO WARRANT CONTINUED OPERATION. ALTHOUGH THE MONDAY-FRIDAY SCHEDULES WERE SUSPENDED, A WELL-PATRONIZED SATURDAY SERVICE WAS MAINTAINED INDEFINITELY. FOUR DISTINCT FINDINGS ARE: (1) THE FEEDER BUS SERVICE TO LONG ISLAND RAILROAD DID NOT ATTRACT ENOUGH PASSENGERS TO BECOME PROFITABLE. (2) CONSISTENTLY HIGH PATRONAGE OF THE PROJECT SERVICE BY YOUNG PEOPLE INDICATED A POTENTIALLY UNTAPPED MARKET FOR TRANSPORTATION. (3) THE MERRICK AREA WAS CHARACTERIZED BY LOW DENSITY, A LACK OF CONVENIENT COLLECTOR POINTS, AND NUMEROUS CURVILINEAR STREETS WHICH TENDED TO DISBURSE POTENTIAL RIDERS. (4) THE AVAILABILITY OF A SECOND CAR TO MANY MERRICK HOUSEHOLDS WAS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR IN REDUCING PATRONAGE, SUGGESTING A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN AFFLUENCE AND TRANSIT DEMAND. /UMTA/ KW - Adolescents KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Feeder buses KW - Financing KW - Minibuses KW - Minors KW - Public opinion KW - Railroad transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242080 AU - California Institute of Technology TI - PRELIMINARY STEADY-STATE SUBWAY AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS (INCOMPRESSIBLE) - INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/05 AB - FIVE ANALYTICAL MODELS ARE DEVELOPED FOR USE IN AN EXAMINATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS TUBE-VEHICLE SYSTEMS. MODEL I IS THE BASIC STEADY-STATE, INCOMPRESSIBLE THEORY WHICH GIVES A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NEAR-FIELD REGION ABOUT A VEHICLE TRAVELING A TUBE WITH NO VENTS OR INTERCONNECTIONS WITH OTHER TUBES. A COMPUTER PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THESE PARAMETERS HAS BEEN OPERATIONALIZED. MODEL II ASSUMES TUBE-VEHICLE SYSTEMS IN UNSTEADY OPERATIONS IN AN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID. IN THIS SITUATION, THE FLUID MOTION LAGS THAT OF THE DYNAMIC VEHICLE, AND CONSEQUENTLY ALTERS THE DRAG FORCE EXPECTED FOR THE STEADY-STATE CASE. MODEL II IS CONSIDERED A MORE REALISTIC DESCRIPTION OF SUBWAY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS, AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ITS APPLICATION HAS BEEN OPERATIONALIZED. MODEL III CALCULATES THE AERODYNAMICS OF A VEHICLE IN A VENTED SINGLE-TUBE SUBWAY CONFIGURATION, ASSUMING INCOMPRESSIBLE, STEADY-STATE MOTION. THIS REPRESENTS THE TYPICAL SUBWAY TUBE SYSTEM AND IS AN EXTENSION OF THE MODEL I FORMULAE TO INCLUDE THE EFFECTS OF VENTS TO ATMOSPHERE ALONG A SINGLE TUBE SEGMENT. MODEL IV CALCULATES THE AERODYNAMICS OF A VEHICLE IN A TUBE INTERCONNECTED TO A PARALLEL TUBE (BUT NOT VENTED TO ATMOSPHERE). A FIFTH MODEL IS USED TO EXAMINE THE AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE VEHICLES IN STEADY-STATE MOTION; IN THIS FORMULATION, AN EXTRA NEAR-FIELD FLOW CALCULATION MUST BE MADE FOR EACH ADDITIONAL VEHICLE. THE THEORETICAL FORMULATION OF THE FIVE BASIC ANALYTICAL MODELS ALONG WITH SUPPORTING ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA ARE DISCUSSED IN THE REPORT. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Drag KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Simulation KW - Subways KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132105 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044212 AU - Englund (CR) TI - WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA RAIL COMMUTER FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1971/05 AB - A restructured commuter rail service, embracing three important routes in the Washington metropolitan area, could be operated on weekdays under conditions requiring only a very modest level of support payments after service is well underway. The estimated expenses of operation, annualized would be on the order of $2.74 million while revenues are estimated at $2.37 million. The acquisition of rehabilitated main line rail equipment would set the capital needs at approximately nine million dollars. A new concept for operation is suggested which, from an experimental standpoint, would be a first in the nation. Commuter trains and crews running on the B&O Brunswick line and the RF&P Quantico line would be "interlined." They would proceed from their terminal at one end of the two-route commuter zone to the other and then turn back. This mode of operation would substantially reduce capital outlays for equipment, and at the same time, provide excellent cross-metropolitan area schedules for an expanded rider base by linking Washington's central business district and the southwest employment centers with such suburban employment complexes as Crystal City, Virginia and Rockville, Maryland. The Baltimore area rider origins, which represent about half of the total ridership, should be consolidated into an improved Penn Central Baltimore-Washington service. The First Street tunnel should be electrified in order to provide a through service link for Penn Central. Operation of electrified trains by Penn Central would be less expensive than the use of diesel or turbine propelled trains. KW - Commuter service KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239497 AU - Dueker, K J AU - Stoner, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City TI - MASS TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY-IOWA CITY PY - 1971/05 AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES A SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT PLAN BY WHICH A PUBLICLY OWNED AND SUBSIDIZED, AREA-WIDE TRANSIT SYSTEM CAN BE ORGANIZED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE IOWA CITY AREA. ESSENTIALLY, THIRTY MINUTE HEADWAYS WILL BE PROVIDED ON ROUTES THROUGHOUT THE DAY FROM 6:30 A.M. TO 6:30 P.M. WEEKDAY AND SATURDAY SERVICE ARE TO BE PROVIDED ON ALL ROUTES. STREET IMPROVEMENTS, SUCH AS REMOVING PARKING ON CERTAIN STREETS ON WHICH BUSES TRAVEL AND IMPROVING INTERSECTIONS WHERE THE TURNING RADII ARE INSUFFICIENT, ARE RECOMMENDED TO IMPROVE TRAVEL SPEED FOR TRANSIT VEHICLES. PATRONAGE HAS BEEN ESTIMATED FOR BOTH A $.15 & A $.25 FARE ALTHOUGH THE $.15 FARE WILL INCREASE THE PATRONAGE, ACTUAL REVENUES WOULD DECREASE AND THE SUBSIDY REQUIREMENT WOULD INCREASE BY ONLY $10,000; THE LEVEL OF SUBSIDY REQUIRED UNDER A $.25 FARE WOULD BE APPROX. $120,000. SINCE THE CITY RECOGNIZES THAT SUBSIDY WILL BE REQUIRED BY THE BUS SYSTEM, IT IS AN OBJECTIVE TO MAKE THE BUS SYSTEM ATTRACTIVE TO A BROADER BASE OF PATRONS; THIS CAN BE DONE BY REDUCING THE FARE. A VARIATION TO A STRAIGHT FARE REDUCTION WOULD BE TO WORK AN ARRANGEMENT WITH THE UNIVERSITY TO INSTITUTE A MANDATORY STUDENT FEE OF $3 OR $4 PER STUDENT PER SEMESTER THAT WOULD ENABLE THE STUDENT TO RIDE WITHOUT FARE ANYWHERE ON THE SYSTEM. A $3 FEE PER SEMESTER WOULD GENERATE A $120,000 PER YEAR FLOOR OF SUPPORT FOR TRANSIT; THIS WOULD REDUCE FARE BOX REVENUES SIGNIFICANTLY AND STILL REQUIRE SUBSIDY FROM THE GENERAL TAX REVENUES, BUT PROBABLY NOT TO THE DEGREE THAT WOULD BE REQUIRED UNDER A CONVENTIONAL FARE STRUCTURE. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Intersections KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242070 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY: CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY SYSTEM PY - 1971/05 AB - THE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY OF THE CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY SUBWAY SYSTEM WAS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF A LARGER INVESTIGATION TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA AND FOCUSED UPON CONDITIONS PREVAILING AMONG THE MAJOR OPERATING PROPERTIES THROUGHOUT THE NATION. THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL (VENTILATION) SYSTEM EMPLOYED IN CHICAGO SUBWAYS WAS DESIGNED ON THE BASIS OF FORMULATIONS DEVELOPED IN 1943 WHICH DID NOT ADEQUATELY COMPENSATE FOR HEAT SINK EFFECTS IN THE EARTH AND WATER TABLES SURROUNDING SUBWAY TUNNELS AND STATIONS, AND DID NOT CONSIDER EFFECTS CAUSED BY EVAPORATION OF GROUND WATER SEEPING INTO SUBWAY TUNNELS. THESE FACTORS MAY COMBINE TO LOWER THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND INCREASE HUMIDITY IN UNDERGROUND TUNNEL SYSTEMS. WHILE THERMAL CONTROLS WERE NOT FOUND TO POSE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A MAJOR DIFFICULTY INVOLVES NOISE. A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP NOISE ABATEMENT TECHNIQUES, BUT NONE PROVED SUCCESSFUL. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES: TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION, AIR FLOW TEST MEASUREMENTS, PLATFORM AIR VELOCITY, SOIL AND WATER CONDITIONS, STATION TEMPERATURE DATA, HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY OF CONCRETE, SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS OF TRANSIT ROUTES, COMPREHENSIVE VEHICLES PERFORMANCE DATA, STATION SPACING, AND A REPORT ON RAPID TRANSIT RAIL CAR NOISE. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Environment KW - Heating KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Noise control KW - Questionnaires KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Ventilation systems KW - Weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239489 AU - Pratt, Rh & Bevis Hw TI - AN INITIAL CHICAGO NORTH SUBURBAN TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, 1971-1975-VOLUME 1: REPORT AND EXHIBITS PY - 1971/05 AB - EXISTING MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED IN DETAIL AND BROKEN DOWN BETWEEN RAIL AND BUS MODES. EXISTING PARKING FACILITIES ARE EVALUATED, AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL PARKING FACILITIES ARE ADVANCED. EXISTING BUS SERVICE IS ALSO ANALYZED AT LENGTH WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTES, SCHEDULES, FARE STRUCTURE, EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES, OPERATING EXPENSES, AND PROJECTED RIDERSHIP TRENDS. AN EVALUATION OF EXPANDED SUBURBAN BUS SERVICE IS PROVIDED WHICH FORECASTS POTENTIAL RIDERSHIP AND IMPACT ON OTHER MODES. A DETAILED SCHEDULE OF PROPOSED SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS ARE PRESENTED: (1) EXPANSION OF COMMUTER PARKING FACILITIES AT RAIL STATIONS; (2) CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW STOP ON THE SKOKIE SWIFT RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE; (3) POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION IN FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS TO SUBSIDIZE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE MILWAUKEE ROAD COMMUTER RAILROAD; (4) WIDELY EXPANDED BUS OPERATIONS DESIGNED TO ULTIMATELY INCREASE RIDERSHIP BY 62% THROUGOUT THE SUBURBAN AREA; AND (5) COORDINATION OF ALL MASS TRANSIT SERVICES AND FARES BY A SINGLE AGENCY. A DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM COVERS SUCH SPECIFIC AREAS AS FINANCING, CREATION OF A TRANSIT DISTRICT, PROGRAM STAGING, AND IMMEDIATE PROGRAM TASK DISCRIPTIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Modal split KW - Operating costs KW - Parking KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131263 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242133 AU - Carl R Englund, Transp Consultant TI - WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA RAIL COMMUTER FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1971/05 AB - A RESTRUCTURED COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE, EMBRACING THREE IMPORTANT ROUTES IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA, COULD BE OPERATED ON WEEKDAYS UNDER CONDITIONS REQUIRING ONLY A VERY MODEST LEVEL OF SUPPORT PAYMENTS AFTER SERVICE IS WELL UNDERWAY. THE ESTIMATED EXPENSES OF OPERATION, ANNUALIZED WOULD BE ON THE ORDER OF $2.74 MILLION WHILE REVENUES ARE ESTIMATED AT $2.37 MILLION. THE GAP BETWEEN REVENUES AND EXPENSES WOULD TEND TO BE SOMEWHAT GREATER THE FIRST YEAR DUE TO THE EXPECTED TIME LAG IN ACHIEVING MAXIMUM RIDERSHIP LEVELS. THE ACQUISITION OF REHABILITATED MAIN LINE RAIL EQUIPMENT WOULD SET THE CAPITAL NEEDS AT APPROXIMATELY NINE MILLION DOLLARS. THE INSTALLATION OF ONE OF THE MOST MODERNLY EQUIPPED SMALL COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS IN THE NATION, EMPLOYING NEW EQUIPMENT, WOULD SET CAPITAL NEEDS AT $14.1 TO $15.6 MILLION. FURTHER VERIFICATION WOULD BE REQUIRED FOR A POSSIBLE TURBO TRAIN INSTALLATION ESTIMATED AT $13.4 MILLION. A NEW CONCEPT FOR OPERATION IS SUGGESTED WHICH, FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL STANDPOINT, WOULD BE A FIRST IN THE NATION. COMMUTER TRAINS AND CREWS RUNNING ON THE B&O BRUNSWICK LINE AND THE RF&P QUANTICO LINE WOULD BE "INTERLINED." THEY WOULD PROCEED FROM THEIR TERMINAL AT ONE END OF THE TWO-ROUTE COMMUTER ZONE TO THE OTHER AND THEN TURN BACK. THIS MODE OF OPERATION WOULD SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCE CAPITAL OUTLAYS FOR EQUIPMENT, AND AT THE SAME TIME, PROVIDE EXCELLENT CROSS-METROPOLITAN AREA SCHEDULES FOR AN EXPANDED RIDER BASE BY LINKING WASHINGTON'S CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND THE SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT CENTERS WITH SUCH SUBURBAN EMPLOYMENT COMPLEXES AS CRYSTAL CITY, VIRGINIA AND ROCKVILLE, MARYLAND. THE BALTIMORE AREA RIDER ORIGINS, WHICH REPRESENT ABOUT HALF OF THE TOTAL RIDERSHIP, SHOULD BE CONSOLIDATED INTO AN IMPROVED PENN CENTRAL BALTIMORE- WASHINGTON SERVICE. THE FIRST STREET TUNNEL SHOULD BE ELECTRIFIED IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A THROUGH SERVICE LINK FOR PENN CENTRAL. OPERATION OF ELECTRIFIED TRAINS BY PENN CENTRAL WOULD BE LESS EXPENSIVE THAN THE USE OF DIESEL OR TURBINE PROPELLED TRAINS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Electric railroads KW - Employment KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Railroad transportation KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242362 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM. VOLUME II. THE TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT PY - 1971/04 SP - 43 p. AB - THE VOLUME REVIEWS THE LEGAL, MANAGEMENT, UNION, TAX, AND FINANCING ENVIRONMENT FOR MASS TRANSIT IN THE CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU. FOR READERS WHO MAY NOT BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CURRENT TRANSIT SERVICES, THESE ARE BRIEFLY REVIEWED FOLLOWING THE INTRODUCTION TO THE VOLUME TO PROVIDE THE CONTEXT IN WHICH THESE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS HAVE DEVELOPED. THE VOLUME ADDRESSES THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTERNAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES OR AGENCIES OPERATING TRANSIT SYSTEMS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Economics KW - Legal factors KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228331 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM. VOLUME III. 1970 BUS PASSENGER SURVEY PY - 1971/04 SP - 115 p. AB - THE VOLUME OUTLINES THE SURVEY OF EXISTING TRANSIT USERS WHICH WAS CONDUCTED IN MAY 1970 WHEN QUESTIONNAIRES WERE GIVEN TO PASSENGERS ON A SELECTED SAMPLE OF BUS TRIPS. IT ALSO CONTAINS A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN THE SURVEY AND IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE DATA RECEIVED, AND A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242361 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM. VOLUME I. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1971/04 SP - 103 p. AB - THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE BEST ALTERNATIVE FOR IMPROVING THE TRANSIT SYSTEM ON OAHU. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS WAS PLACED ON EVALUATING THE CURRENT ISLAND-WIDE BUS SERVICE WHICH IS PROVIDED BY FOUR OPERATING ENTITIES--THREE BUS COMPANIES AND THE CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU--AND DETERMINING WHETHER IT MIGHT BEST BE OPERATED AS A UNIFIED SYSTEM OR AS AN OFFICIALLY COORDINATED SYSTEM. VOLUME I CONTAINS A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF MASS TRANSIT ON OAHU, A SUMMARY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAVEL PATTERNS OF PRESENT TRANSIT RIDERS, AND A DISCUSSION OF GOALS AND CRITERIA, AS WELL AS ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT AND FUTURE ORGANIZATION OF ISLAND-WIDE TRANSIT. /AUTHOR/ KW - Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/129206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239492 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1971/04 AB - THE REPORT SUMMARIZES ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS GENERATED BY A COMPREHENSIVE TECHNICAL STUDY OF THE HONOLULU BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM. CURRENT TRENDS REFLECT A COMMON PROFILE OF DECLINING RIDERSHIP AND RISING COST WHICH CANNOT BE MET BY FAREBOX REVENUES ALONE. PRESENT SERVICE IS PROVIDED BY THREE COMPETING TRANSIT COMPANIES; NONE OF THE SYSTEMS GENERATED SUFFICIENT DEMAND VOLUME TO OFFSET OPERATING COSTS AND EQUIPMENT DEPRECIATION SCHEDULES. AN OVERVIEW OF COSTS, EARNINGS, AND REVENUES IS INCLUDED ALONG WITH AN OUTLINE OF MAJOR SERVICE DEFICIENCIES. THE LATTER INCLUDES HIGH LOAD FACTORS, LOW SCHEDULE RELIABILITY, LACK OF INTERSERVICE TRANSFERS, ROUTES WHICH ARE UNRESPONSIVE TO PROJECTED DEMAND (AS MANY AS 8,000 POTENTIAL RESIDENTIAL TRIP GENERATORS UNSERVED), EXCESSIVE TRAVEL TIMES, OUTMODED ROLLING STOCK, AND INADEQUATE INFORMATION SERVICES. THREE LEVELS OF SERVICE REORGANIZATION (RANGING FROM MINIMAL TO EXTENSIVE) AND TWO MANAGEMENT APPROACHES STRESSING UNIFICATION OR COORDINATION OF THE COMPETING SYSTEMS ARE PREFFERED. A COST ANALYSIS OF THESE ALTERNATIVES IN VARIOUS COMBINATIONS IS APPENDED. MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MUNICIPAL ACQUISITION OF THE TRANSIT OPERATIONS THROUGHOUT THE ISLAND, PURCHASE OF CAPITAL EQUIPMENT FROM PRESENT OPERATORS, AND INVESTIGATION OF TAX OPTIONS TO PROVIDE SUBSIDY REVENUES IN LIEU OF INCREASED FARES. OTHER SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTING, PURCHASE OF NEW ROLLING STOCK, AND SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS ARE ADVANCED. THE REPORT SUGGESTS FOURTEEN ANCILLARY IMPROVEMENTS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE RIDERSHIP DEMAND BY MAKING BUS USE AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO THE PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE. A RECOMMENDED MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE STRUCTURE IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL. A FINAL SECTION DOCUMENTS HIGHLIGHTS OF A 1970 PASSENGER SURVEY. AMONG THE SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS WERE THAT FEMALES OUTNUMBERED MALES TWO TO ONE, STUDENTS ACCOUNTED FOR 50% OF ALL DEMAND, NEARLY 85% OF ALL RIDERS WERE "CAPTIVES" WHO DID NOT ENJOY ACCESS TO AN AUTOMOBILE, 50% LACKED DRIVERS LICENSES ENTIRELY, AND WORK AND SCHOOL TRIPS COMPOSED THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF RIDES ON PUBLIC TRANSIT BUSES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Captive riders KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Islands KW - Latent demand KW - Load factor KW - Modal diversion KW - Passengers KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228298 AU - Flint Transportation Authority, Michigan AU - Ross Roy, Inc TI - A STUDY TO DETERMINE ATTITUDES TOWARDS MAXI-CAB, SURVEY RESULTS PY - 1971/04 IS - 6 SP - 220 p. AB - THIS IS A SURVEY OF AN ATTITUDE STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE FLINT TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY TO DETERMINE THE REACTION OF THE PEOPLE OF FLINT, MICHIGAN TOWARD THE MAXI-CAB COMMUTER CLUB PROJECT, WHICH HAD THEN BEEN IN OPERATION FOR TWO YEARS. THREE DIFFERENT GROUPS WERE UNDER STUDY: THOSE WHO WERE PRESENTLY SUBSCRIBING TO THE SERVICE, THOSE WHO HAD USED THE SERVICE IN THE PAST AND HAD CANCELED, AND THOSE WHO HAD NEVER USED THE SERVICE. USERS AND FORMER USERS WERE INTERVIEWED THROUGH THE MAIL WHILE NON-USERS WERE INTERVIEWED OVER THE TELEPHONE BECAUSE IT WAS FELT THAT A MORE PERSONAL APPROACH WAS REQUIRED SINCE THEY HAD HAD NO EXPERIENCE WITH THE SERVICE. THEIR NAMES WERE PICKED AT RANDOM FROM THE FLINT TELEPHONE DIRECTORY. RESULTS OF THE STUDY ARE GENERALLY POSITIVE. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Community values KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Market research KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/117343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226478 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT FOR VEHICLE COMMAND AND CONTROL PY - 1971/04 AB - PROPOSED AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION (AVL) SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING BUS AND TAXI OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN SITUATION ARE DESCRIBED. THE AVL CONCEPT WOULD MONITOR A LARGE NUMBER OF VEHICLES OVER AN EXTENSIVE AREA AT A RAPID CYCLE RATE TO PROVIDE DISPATCHERS AND TRANSIT MANAGERS WITH A CONSTANT PICTURE OF THEIR OPERATIONS IN THE FIELD. THE AVL WOULD ALSO PROVIDE ALMOST INSTANTANEOUS INFORMATION ON SCHEDULING, EMERGENCIES, EQUIPMENT STATUS, AND TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS. SUCH INFORMATION WOULD SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVE DISPATCHING, PRIORITY DYNAMIC ROUTING, MAINTENANCE ALLOCATIONS, AND SERVICE FOR BOTH ROUTED AND RANDOM-ROUTED VEHICLE FLEETS. THE BASIC AVL TECHNIQUES ANALYZED WERE GROUPED INTO THE CATEGORIES OF INERTIAL OR DEAD-RECKONING, SIGNPOST OR PROXIMITY, AND TRILATERATION. PROBLEMS WITH THE CONVENTIONAL RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM SUCH AS OVERCROWDING (DUE TO SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION ON PUBLIC WAVELENGTHS), AREA COVERAGE, AND OBSTACLE PENETRATION ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. AN EQUATION TO MEASURE TRANSMISSION PERFORMANCE AS THE FUNCTION OF POWER OUTPUT, TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER GAIN, FREE SPACE LOSSES, AND OTHER LOSSES WAS DEVELOPED AND TESTED TO YIELD AN OPTIMUM FREQUENCY FOR AVL OPERATION. IN ADDITION TO SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, SECTIONS ON BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS AND SYSTEM EVALUATION ARE CONTAINED. EIGHT SPECIFIC AVL DESIGNS WERE COMPARED WITH REFERENCE TO MINIMUM PERFORMANCE LEVELS, IMPLEMENTATION REQUIREMENTS, AND SPECIAL ADVANTAGES. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bandwidth KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Dispatching KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Radio KW - Scheduling KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Taxicabs KW - Wavelength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242094 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT EQUIPMENT: INTERIM REPORT #5 PY - 1971/04 AB - THE REPORT IS A THOUOUGH EXAMINATION OF TRANSIT VEHICLES AND SYSTEMS AVAILABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN A RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK PROPOSED FOR DADE COUNTY BY 1985. GENERAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THREE CATEGORIES: (1) SERVICE OBJECTIVES; (2) EXTERNALITIES; AND (3) COST. SPECIFIC SERVICE OBJECTIVES INCLUDE CAPACITY, PERFORMANCE, GRADE- LEVEL AND ELEVATED GUIDEWAYS, ADAPTABILITY TO LOCAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, SAFETY, AND PASSENGER COMFORT. EXTERNALITIES INCLUDE CONSIDERATION OF FOUR FACTORS: STRUCTURE SIZE, AIRBORNE NOISE, STRUCTURE-BORNE NOISE, AND AIR POLLUTION. FIVE GUIDELINES ARE ALSO PROVIDED FOR MINIMIZING COST IN TERMS OF UNIVERSALITY, TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY, SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS, LABOR, AND OPERATING EXPENSES. A VARIETY OF RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES WERE EVALUATED ON THE BA- SIS OF GENERAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. SEVERAL EXISTING SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED IN DETAIL, FOLLOWED BY THE AUTHORS' SPECIFICA- TIONS FOR THE MIAMI RAPID TRANSIT. THE SPECIFICATIONS ARE DELINEATED IN TERMS OF VEHICLE SIZE, GUIDANCE, PROPULSION, AND AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL. SIMILAR DISCUSSIONS ARE ALSO INCLUDED FOR GUIDEWAYS AND STATIONS. SURFACE BUS ALTERNATIVES ARE ANALYZED IN THE SAME FASHION AS WITH RAPID TRANSIT. SERVICE OBJECTIVES WERE DEVELOPED ALONG WITH EXTERNAL AND COST CRITERIA AND APPLIED TO BOTH EXISTING AND EXPERIMENTAL BUS DESIGNS. SEVERAL "MINISYSTEMS" FOR ACTIVITY CENTER DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS ARE ANALYZED, INCLUDING SIDEWALK CONVEYORS, TRACKED PEOPLE MOVERS, MINIBUSES, AND SUSPENDED PERSONAL TRANSPORT VEHICLES. A FINAL SECTION DEALS WITH SUPPORT FACILITIES REQUIRED BY THE PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR MIAMI. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Automatic control KW - Bus transportation KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Conveyors KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Guideways KW - Maintenance KW - Noise control KW - People movers KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242095 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT EQUIPMENT: INTERM REPORT 5-A. APPENDIX PY - 1971/04 AB - THE REPORT IS A DETAILED FLEET AND FACILITIES INVENTORY OF THE METROPOLITAN DADE COUNTY TRANSIT AUTHORITY, INCLUDING SHORT-RANGE VEHICLE NEEDS AND REQUISITE EQUIPMENT PURCHASE PROGRAMS. THE FLEET INVENTORY COLLECTED DATA IN SEVERAL CATEGORIES, INCLUDING: (1) AGE AND TYPE OF BUS; (2) MANUFACTURE OF COACH, ITS CONTINUED USE ON OTHER SYSTEMS, AND THE AVAILABILITY OF REPAIR PARTS; (3) PHYSICAL CONDITION OF BUS INTERIORS AND EXTERIORS; (4) TOTAL MILEAGE OPERATED BY EACH COACH; AND (5) MAINTENANCE PRACTICE IN INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF COACHES. VEHICLE NEEDS WERE COMPUTED ON THE BASIS OF RIDERSHIP DEMAND VOLUME AND DETERIORATION OF THE EXISTING FLEET; 50% OF THE INVENTORY WAS FOUND TO BE MORE THAN 13 YEARS OLD AND NOT AIR-CONDITIONED. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND AN APPROXIMATE 12-YEAR LIFESPAN FOR THE COUNTY TRANSIT AUTHORITY'S BUSES, AND SUGGEST AN APPROPRIATE PURCHASE PROGRAM TO REPLACE OBSOLETE BUSES ALREADY IN THE INVENTORY AND TO ACQUIRE ADDITIONAL COACHES AS THEY BECOME NECESSARY BEFORE 1985. SIMILAR DATA AND RECOMMENDATIONS ARE INCLUDED FOR TWO OTHER AREA OPERATORS, THE CORAL GABLES MUNICIPAL SYSTEM AND THE GRAY LINE. FOR BOTH COMPANIES, PROJECTED VEHICLE NEEDS AND TWO ALTERNATIVE BUS PURCHASE PROGRAMS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE REPORT. THE REPORT ALSO INVENTORIES PHYSICAL FACILITIES OF THE THREE BUS OPERATORS. BUS STORAGE, MAINTENANCE, AND ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS AND AND ADJACENT PARKING AREAS ARE DESCRIBED AND EVALUATED IN TERMS OF PRESENT AND PROJECTED CAPACITY. A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY IS APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Depreciation KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132120 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239493 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM-VOLUME I: ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1971/04 AB - CURRENT SERVICE IS REVIEWED WITH REFERENCE TO PARTONAGE TRENDS, COSTS AND REVENUE, OPERATING SERVICE DIFFICIENCIES, AND PROJECTED MARKET DEMAND. ALL RELEVANT STATISTICAL DATA AND THE SURVEY METHODOLOGY ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT, SERVICE IMPROVEMENT, EQUIPMENT REPLACEMENT, AND FINANCING WERE SUBJECTED TO BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS TO PRODUCE A RECOMMENDED PROGRAM THAT ENCOMPASSES FIVE GENERAL AREAS IN WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE EXPECTED TO GENERATE INCREASED DEMAND: (1) MODIFICATIONS TO EXISTING ROUTES; (2) DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ROUTES; (3) SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS (ACQUISITION OF NEW ROLLING STOCK, RENOVATION OF PASSENGER SHELTERS AND LOADING FACILITIES, PROVISION OF PARK-AND-RIDE SERVICES, ETC.) (4) PROMOTIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, INCLUDING RESTRUCTURING OF FARES AND INCREASED PUBLIC INFORMATION SERVICES; AND (5) LEGISLATION AND MANAGEMENT. ALTERNATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE OPTIONS ARE REVIEWED IN DETAIL, AND A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS PROPOSED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Islands KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239494 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM-VOLUME II: THE TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT PY - 1971/04 AB - LEGAL AND FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC ACQUISITION AND OPERATION OF SERVICES CURRENTLY OPERATED BY THREE COMPETING BUS COMPANIES IN HONOLULU ARE DISCUSSED. AN INITIAL OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE TO THE INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE OPERATORS, A STATISTICAL PROFILE OF THE SYSTEM, AND CURRENT REGULATIONS ENFORCED BY THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION AND PERTINENT LEGISLATION IS PRESENTED. THE REPORT EXAMINES LEGAL PROCEDURES BY WHICH THE CITY COULD CARRY OUT PROPOSED ACQUISITION OF PUBLIC BUS TRANSPORTATION. THREE ALTERNATIVE METHODS ARE OUTLINED: (1) STATUTORY PUBLIC AUTHORITY TO CONDEMN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS; (2) GENERAL POWERS OF EMINENT DOMAIN; AND (3) AUTHORITY TO TERMINATE FRANCHISES GRANTED TO PRIVATE TRANSIT OPERATORS. REVIEW OF ALTERNATIVE TAX PROPOSALS CONCLUDES THAT SAVINGS FROM TAX EXEMPTIONS WOULD BE MAXIMIZED UNDER THE RECOMMENDED PLAN OF CITY OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION. EIGHT SEPERATE TAX SOURCES ARE EXAMINED IN DEPTH ALONG WITH RECOMMENDED PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS. FEDERAL STANDARDS SET BY RECENT LEGISLATION ARE ALSO DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR APPLICABILITY TO PRIVATE OPERATIONS AND IMPLICIT LABOR STANDARDS. MANAGEMENT AND LABOR REQUIREMENTS GENERATED BY PUBLIC ACQUISITION ARE OUTLINED. THE REPORT REVIEWS FEDERAL LABOR STANDARDS AND EXISTING STATE AND LOCAL LAWS WHICH WOULD APPLY TO CONTRACT AGREEMENTS NEGOTIATED UNDER A SYSTEM OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP. EXISTING CONTRACT PROVISIONS ARE REVIEWED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH AN ANALYSIS OF GENERAL COLLECTIVE BARGAINING PRACTICES IN THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. FINALLY, THE REPORT COVERS METHODS FOR FINANCING PROPOSED SUBSIDIZATION OF BUS TRANSIT IN HONOLULU. PROJECTED FISCAL CAPACITY AT THE CITY AND COUNTY LEVELS IS DISCUSSED ALONG WITH ESTIMATED BORROWING POTENTIAL. PUBLIC DEBT SERVICE PROVISIONS ARE OUTLINED AS WELL AS THE ESTIMATED POTENTIAL FOR MARKETING REVENUE BONDS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Condemnation KW - Eminent domain KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Islands KW - Labor law KW - Legal factors KW - Personnel KW - Property condemnation KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228277 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN INTEGRATED ISLAND-WIDE BUS SYSTEM - VOLUME III: 1970 BUS PASSENGER SURVEY PY - 1971/04 AB - DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY IS DETAILED WITH REFERENCE TO SAMPLE SELECTION, PREPARATION OF THE SURVEY INSTRUMENTS, ON- BOARD POLLING, CODING PROCEDURES, AND COMPUTER PROCESSING. THE REPORT ATTEMPTS TO EXAMINE ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF COLLECTING DATA THROUGHOUT A MAJOR URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE STATISTICAL BASE WITH WHICH TO SYNTHESIZE A PROGRAM OF RECOMMENDED TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS. FINDINGS ARE SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO RIDERSHIP PROFILES, TRIP GENERATION, MAJOR CORRIDORS, MODAL SPLIT, TIME PERIOD DISTRIBUTION, DAMAND POTENTIAL ON SELECTED ROUTES, AND COMPARISONS WITH EARLIER TRANSPORTATION STUDIES IN THE AREA. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE DEMAND VOLUME ON POTENTIAL ROUTES. A HOUSEHOLD SURVEY REVEALED AS MANY AS 8,000 HOMES IN THE UNSERVED TRANSIT MARKET. DEMAND IS VERY UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE METROPOLITAN AREA, THEREBY CREATING SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DEMAND- RESPONSIVE ROUTING. FINALLY, THE AUTHORS CONCLUDED THAT RIDERSHIP PATTERNS HAD NOT CHANGED SUBSTANTIALLY FROM THOSE IDENTIFIED BY AN EARLIER STUDY PUBLISHED IN 1967. THE ONLY MAJOR DIFFERENCE RECORDED WAS A 7% DECLINE IN HOME-BASED TRIP MAKING. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Islands KW - Latent demand KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226477 AU - Scales, W C AU - Barmby, J G AU - IIT Research Institute TI - EFFICIENT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION FOR AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION SYSTEMS PY - 1971/04 AB - ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLE LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM ARE COMPARED WITH REFERENCE TO URBAN TRANSIT BUS OPERATIONS, POLICE CARS, FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT, AND AMBULANCE SERVICES. LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CAN BE DESIGNED TO TRANSMIT BOTH DIGITAL AND VOICE SIGNALS ON AN AUTOMATIC OR IRREGULAR BASIS. THE AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING CONFIGURATIONS EXAMINED ARE FIXED MEASUREMENT, TRILATERATION, PULSE TRILATERATION, PHASE TRILATERATION, TRIANGULATION, PROXIMITY OR SIGNPOST, INVERSE PROXIMITY, FIELD STRENGTH, MOBILE MEASUREMENT, DEAD RECKONING, AND LORAN. ALTERNATIVE POLLING METHODS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. LORAN, PROXIMITY, AND PHASE TRILATERATION SYSTEMS OFFER EFFICIENT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION AND SUBSTANTIAL BANDWIDTH SAVINGS. SEQUENTIAL POLLING, IN WHICH EACH VEHICLE OR STATION IS INTERROGATED IN A SPECIFIED ORDER, WAS FOUND TO REQUIRE GREATER BIT RATES BUT OFFER SIGNIFICANT FLEXIBILITY. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bandwidth KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Electromagnetic spectrum KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Frequency allocation KW - Location KW - Motor vehicles KW - Polling KW - Spectrum management KW - Speech KW - Triangulation KW - Trilateration KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228213 AU - Gutowsky, A R AU - Sacramento State College TI - A MODEL FOR PREDICTING TRANSIT RIDERSHIP-INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 7 PY - 1971/04 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR PREDICTING RIDERSHIP IN AN URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEM. TWO CATEGORIES OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE IDENTIFIED WHICH WERE ASSUMED TO GENERATE TRANSIT DEMAND: HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TWO AVAILABLE TRANSPORTATION MODES, AUTOMOBILES AND TRANSIT BUSES. EIGHT SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES WERE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FACTORS RELATED TO HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS: (1) FAMILY INCOME; (2) AUTOS OWNED PER HOUSEHOLD; (3) AGE DISTRIBUTION; (4) WORKERS PER HOUSEHOLD; (5) THE RATIO OF LICENSED DRIVERS TO AUTOS AVAILABLE; (6) MEAN HOUSEHOLD SIZE; (7) PROPORTION OF FEMALES; AND (8) AREA POPULATION DENSITY. TWO VARIABLES WERE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FACTORS RELATED TO MODAL CHOICE: (1) THE RATIO OF AUTO TO TRANSIT TRAVEL TIME, AND (2) THE ACTUAL TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRANSIT AND AUTO BETWEEN SPECIFIC POINTS. MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS EMPLOYED TO TEST THE VALUES DETERMINED FOR EACH VARIABLE AS WELL AS FUNCTIONS OF OVERALL TRANSIT DEMAND. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL WHICH RESULTED FROM THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WAS NOT A USEFUL PREDICTOR OF TRANSIT DEMAND. IT COULD NOT BE USED TO DETERMINE POTENTIAL TRANSIT RIDERSHIP WITHOUT A SIZEABLE ERROR IN THE PREDICTION. ONE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THIS PROBLEM WAS THAT ONLY THREE OF THE TEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WERE FOUND TO CONTRIBUTE DIRECTLY TO PASSENGER LEVELS: HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, AND THE DIFFERENCE IN TRAVEL TIME BETWEEN AUTOS AND PUBLIC TRANSIT. TWO SPECIFIC RESTRICTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED WHICH LIMITED USE OF THE MODEL DEVELOPED. FIRST, OTHER RELEVANT VARIABLES WERE NOT ANALYZED, SUCH AS TRANSIT SCHEDULING AND ROUTING. SECOND, THE MODEL ASSUMED A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES WHICH DID NOT OBTAIN FROM THE DATA. RATHER, VARIABLES SUCH AS AGE HAD U-SHAPED RELATIONSHIPS, IN WHICH CASE RIDERSHIP WAS GREATEST AMONG THE YOUNG AND OLD, WITH THE LEAST PATRONAGE FROM PERSONS IN-BETWEEN. OTHER VARIABLES PRODUCED OTHER NON-LINEAR RELATIONSHIPS WHICH DID NOT ADAPT TO THE EMPIRICAL EQUATION. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH EMPLOYING NON-LINEAR VARIABLES SHOULD BE ATTEMPTED. ONE UNEXPECTED BY-PRODUCT OF THE RESEARCH IS DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. THIS CONCERNS AN ANALYSIS OF PEAK-HOUR VS. OFF-PEAK RIDERSHIP AND FARES. THE REPORT DEMONSTRATES THAT REDUCED FARES FOR OFF-PEAK PASSENGERS ARE BOTH FEASIBLE AND DESIRABLE, AND CORRELATES THE PROPOSAL TO TRANSIT DEMAND. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand KW - Linear regression analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242046 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - DIAL-A-RIDE: AN OVERVIEW OF A NEW DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1971/03 AB - DIAL-A-RIDE IS A PERSONALIZED DOOR-TO-DOOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. THE SYSTEM EMPLOYS A FLEET OF SMALL VEHICLES THAT OPERATE WITHOUT FIXED ROUTES OR SCHEDULES. RATHER, VEHICLE ASSIGNMENTS ARE DETERMINED BY A DIGITAL- COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT RESPONDS TO CUSTOMER REQUESTS AS THEY ARE RECEIVED. THE VEHICLES ARE THEN ROUTED FOR OPTIMUM PRODUCTIVITY. PASSENGERS ENJOY DOOR-TO-DOOR SERVICE ALONG ROUTES SPECIALLY CALCULATED FROM THEIR ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS. THE TOPICS EXAMINED ARE (1) THE PROPER ROLE OF DIAL-A-RIDE IN AN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SETTING; (2) THE COST OF SERVICE; (3) ALTERNATIVE PRICING POLICIES; (4) PROBLEMS IN ADJUSTING TO PEAK-HOUR DEMAND; (5) WHY THE COMPUTER IS NECESSARY; (6) HARDWARE COSTS; (7) DESIGN ALTERNATIVES IN THE SYSTEM; (8) COMPARISONS BETWEEN DIAL-A-RIDE AND OTHER INNOVATIVE PUBLIC TRANSIT CONCEPTS; (9) UTILITY OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT COMPANY OPERATION; (10) PREVIOUS DEMONSTRATIONS OF DIAL-A-RIDE; (11) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; AND (12) ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION. /UMATA/ KW - Buses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information processing KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241839 AU - Tei Consulting Engrs TI - NIAGARA FRONTIER MASS TRANSIT STUDY-BUFFALO-AMHERST CORRIDOR FEASIBILITY/ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT MODES PY - 1971/03 AB - PERTINENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION RELATING TO THE BUFFALO- AMHERST CORRIDOR IS PRESENTED AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IS DISCUSSED. ELEMENTS OF THE MODE EVALUATION PROCESS ARE DEALT WITH IN DETAIL, INCLUDING BASIC REQUIREMENTS, SYSTEM CATEGORY SELECTION, SYSTEM PRESELECTION, DETAILED REQUIREMENTS, SYSTEM EVALUATION, AND SELECTION OF ONE SYSTEM. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE WITH RESPECT TO MORE DETAILED STUDY OF THE SELECTED SYSTEM. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT A STEEL WHEEL ON STEEL RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM BE ADOPTED FOR THE BUFFALO-AMHERST CORRIDOR. THIS SYSTEM OFFERS THE LOWEST CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS FOR ANY SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE DESIGN YEAR CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS WITH RESERVE CAPACITY AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE EXPANSION. THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM EQUALS ALL OTHER SYSTEMS IN PASSENGER COMFORT, VEHICLE PERFORMANCE, AND SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE FOR THE HANDICAPPED; IT HAS THE ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF BEING THOROUGHLY TESTED AND PROVEN. ALSO, THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IS WITHIN ACCEPTABLE LEVELS. THE STEEL WHEEL/STEEL RAIL SYSTEM LENDS ITSELF TO ADAPTABILITY TO LIKELY NEW CONCEPTS IN THE RAPID TRANSIT INDUSTRY; A FURTHER ADVANTAGE OF THIS SYSTEM IS THAT THE SOURCE OF SUPPLY OF VEHICLES, PARTS, TRACK, AND STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IS NOT RESTRICTED TO A LIMITED NUMBER OF LICENSEES. IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE TRAVEL TIME FOR PASSENGERS, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT: (A) THE VEHICLES BE CAPABLE OF THE MAXIMUM RATES OF ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION CONSISTENT WITH THE SAFETY OF STANDING PASSENGERS; (B) LOADING AND UNLOADING TAKE PLACE AT CAR FLOOR LEVEL (HIGH PLATFORM LOADING); AND (C) FARES BE COLLECTED IN THE STATIONS DURING RUSH HOURS AND ON BOARD CARS DURING ALL PRACTICAL OFF-PEAK PERIODS. THE LONGEST PRACTICAL RAPID TRANSIT CAR SHOULD BE USED TO MINIMIZE INVESTMENT IN ROLLING STOCK, AND ALSO TO MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS PER TRAIN TO BE MAINTAINED; A LONG CAR IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PROVIDE AS MANY PASSENGERS WITH SEATS DURING THE RUSH HOUR AS POSSIBLE. ALSO RECOMMENDED FOR THE SYSTEM IS THE EMPLOYMENT OF A MODERN TYPE OF TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE HUMAN ERRORS. ON THE VEHICLES, ACCELERATION AND BRAKING SHOULD BE INITIATED BY THE OPERATOR, BUT CARRIED OUT AUTOMATICALLY BY THE CONTROL EQUIPMENT; THE USE OF THIS EQUIPMENT WILL MINIMIZE WEAR AND TEAR ON THE VEHICLES AND TRACK AND WILL REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION, ALL OF WHICH WILL REDUCE OPERATING EXPENSES. A BLOCK SIGNAL SYSTEM WITH CAB SIGNALS IS RECOMMENDED SINCE CAB SIGNALS WILL PROVIDE VISIBLE INFORMATION TO THE MOTORMAN AT ALL TIMES. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic train control KW - Corridors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Mode S KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240120 AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - RESEARCH AND TRAINING GRANT URT-19 PY - 1971/03 AB - THE REPORT IS A FINAL EVALUATION OF UMTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND TRAINING GRANT TO GEORIGA TECH. FOUR RESEARCH PROJECTS WERE GENERATED BY THE PROGRAM; "PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD URBAN TRANSPORTATION ISSUES", "STRUCTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF COMMUTING", AND "THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORK TRIPS TO EMPLOYMENT CONNECTED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS" WERE PUBLISHED AND BOUND SEPARATELY. THE FOURTH STUDY PAPER, "OPTIMIZING TRANSPORTATION UTILIZATION THROUGH INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN", WAS STILL IN PREPARATION AT THE TIME OF THE INSTITUTE'S "FINAL REPORT". THE FORMER STUDIES ARE SUMMARIZED BRIEFLY, WITH SOME STATISTICAL MATERIAL REPRODUCED. /UMTA/ KW - Communities KW - Ridership KW - Trip generation KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242022 AU - Klauder (Louis T) and Associates TI - THE TURBO-ELECTRIC RAIL CAR: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1971/03 AB - TESTS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE BENEFITS OF HIGH HORSEPOWER-TO-WEIGHT RATIOS AND PRESUMED EASE OF MAINTENANCE INHERENT IN THE MODERN GAS TURBINE ENGINE AS APPLIED TO RAILROAD PASSENGER CARS. THE POSSIBILITY OF A DUAL-POWER CAR DRAWING POWER FROM A THIRD RAIL OR ITS OWEN POWER PLANT WAS ALSO EXPLORED. THE VEHICLES, DIRECTED TOWARD SUBURBAN SERVICE HAVING ELECTRIFIED TUNNEL ACCESS TO MANHATTAN AT ONE END AND LINES OF INSUFFICIENT DENSITY TO JUSTIFY ELECTRIFICATION AT THE OTHER, RETAINED THE FLEXIBILITY OF MULTIPLE-UNIT CAR OPERATION. THE RESULTS OF THESE TESTS INDICATE THAT: (1) THE CONCEPT OF A DUAL-MODE COMMUTER RAIL CAR, CAPABLE OF OPERATION ON BOTH THIRD RAIL POWER AND IN NON-ELECTRIFIED TERRITORY, WARRANTS FURTHER INVESTIGATION; AND (2) THE ABILITY OF THE CAR TO OPERATE ON THIRD RAIL POWER OFFERS THE ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF ENABLING THE CAR TO OPERATE IN TUNNELS APPROACHING NEW YORK CITY TERMINALS WHERE USE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS ARE PROHIBITED. /UMTA/ KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Electric power KW - Gas turbines KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad transportation KW - Tunnels KW - Turbine engines KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242081 AU - California Institute of Technology TI - THEORETICAL SCALING LAWS FOR SUBWAY MODELING - INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/03 AB - THE AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS IDENTIFIED THE DIMENSIONLESS FACTORS UPON WHICH DRAG COEFFICIENTS ARE DEPENDENT. DRAG WAS THUS COMPUTED AS A FUNCTION OF VEHICLE VELOCITY, A CHARACTERISTIC LINEAR DIMENSION (VEHICLE DIAMETER), ACCELERATION, AND FLUID PROPERTIES WHICH ARE DETERMINED BY DENSITY, VISCOSITY, AND THE SPEED OF SOUND. SCALE FACTORS ARE CALCULATED FOR BOTH FORCE AND VEHICLE MASS. THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS WAS BASED UPON THREE PARAMETERS OF HEAT TRANSFER. AS A SUBWAY TRAIN APPROACHES A STATION, HEAT IS GENERATED BY RESISTOR GRIDS IN THE BRAKING BOX. WHILE THE VEHICLE IS IN MOTION, THIS HEAT IS TRANSFERRED BY FORCED CONVECTION; AS THE TRAIN COMES TO A STANDSTILL, HEAT TRANSFER OCCURS BY FREE CONVECTION AND RADIATION. THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS ATTEMPTED TO DEVELOP SCALING LAWS FOR EACH OF THESE THREE PROCESSES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE EFFECTS OF HEAT TRANSFER CAN BE EFFECTIVELY SCALED IN THE CASE OF THERMAL RADIATION. HOWEVER, THE EFFECTS OF FORCED CONVECTION COULD ONLY BE SCALED IN AN AVERAGE SENSE, AND SCALING WAS NOT POSSIBLE IN THE CASE OF FREE CONVECTION. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Density KW - Drag KW - Heat transfer KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Scaling KW - Speed KW - Thermodynamics KW - Viscosity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242055 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION -- INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/03 AB - AN EMPIRICAL MODEL DESCRIBING THE UNSTEADY AIR FLOW GENERATED BY A TRAIN OPERATING IN A SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY SYSTEM OF ANY SPECIFIED GEOMETRY WAS DEVELOPED. THIS MODEL INCORPORATES AN ASSUMPTION OF STATIC COMPRESSIBILITY IN THE AIR FLOW ANALYSIS AND ACCOUNTS FOR NEAR AND FAR FIELD AERODYNAMIC PHENOMENA. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT AIR FLOW IS INCOMPRESSIBLE, AND BASED UPON THIS ANALYSIS, A PRELIMINARY COMPUTER PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED TO CALCULATE PISTON-EFFECT AIR FLOW RATES RESULTING FROM THE OPERATION OF A TRAIN IN A SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY SYSTEM. PARAMETERS FOR THE CALCULATION OF AERO-DYNAMIC FLOW RATES INCLUDE ARRANGEMENTS AND SIZING OF SUBWAY TUNNELS, VENT SHAFTS, AND STATIONS AS WELL AS OPERATING SCHEDULE. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL DESCRIBING HEAT FLOW IN A SUBWAY TUNNEL WAS ALSO DEVELOPED, AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM USING THIS MODEL TO CALCULATE THE TEMPERATURE THROUGHOUT A SINGLE-TRACK TUNNEL WITH MULTIPLE TRAINS HAS BEEN OPERATIONALIZED. THE BASIC COMPUTER MODEL CALCULATES THE TIME-DEPENDENT AIR TEMPERATURE THROUGHOUT A SUBWAY TUNNEL FOR ANY SPECIFIED CONDITIONS OF OPERATING TRAINS, TUNNEL WASLL TEMPERATURES, AND PORTAL AIR VELOCITY TEMPERATURE. DERIVATION OF BOTH MODELS IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL AND PROJECTED WORK SCOPE IS EXAMINED. APPENDED MATERIALS INCLUDE AERODYNAMIC ANALYSES OF SUBWAY SYSTEMS, THE EFFECTS OF STATIC COMPRESSIBILITY, AND EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR TUNNEL/STATION WALL SURFACES. THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air flow KW - Flow KW - Heat exchange KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Single track KW - Single-track tunnels KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132081 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223950 AU - Boeing Vertol Co TI - REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION FOR URBAN RAIL COMMUTER CARS PY - 1971/03 VL - mta- IS - na-06 SP - 105 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PRESENT THE GENERAL METHODOLOGY, INDUSTRY COORDINATION AND PERTINENT OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GUIDELINE SPECIFICATION WAS DEVELOPED IN A SERIES OF THREE DRAFTS WHICH WERE COORDINATED IN MEETINGS WITH A REVIEW COMMITTEE OF UMTA PERSONNEL AND INDUSTRY REPRESENTATIVES. THE REPORT GOES OVER THE EIGHT MEETINGS, DISCUSSES THEEVOLUTION OF THE THREE DRAFTS WHICH RESULTED AND PRESENTS A SERIES OF RECOMMENDATIONS WHICH CAME OUT OF THESE MEETINGS. MOST OF THE REPORT CONSISTS OF A SERIES OF APPENDICES WHICH COVER MATTERS UNDER CONSIDERATION INCLUDING A LIST OF REQUIRED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, A SERIES OF LETTERS FROM CERTAIN ATTENDEES IN WHICH THEY MAKE COMMENTS ON AND PRESENT RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE FIRST, SECOND AND FINAL DRAFTS. BASIC SPECIFICATION MATTERS UNDER CONSIDERATION INCLUDE: SCOPE, SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS, CAR BODY, COUPLER AND DRAFT GEAR, MISCELLANEOUS CAR BODY ITEMS, DOOR OPERATION AND CONTROL, HEATING-COOLING-VENTILATING, LIGHTING, AUXILIARY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, POWER AND TRACTION, TRUCKS AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS, FRICTION BRAKING SYSTEMS, TRAIN ELECTRONICS, EMERGENCY SYSTEMS SYSTEM SUPPORT, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, TESTING, QUALITY ASSURANCE, APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS AND GENERAL INFORMATION. KW - Design standards KW - Guidelines KW - Labor relations KW - Management KW - Quality control KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Recommendations KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/112245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044184 AU - Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission TI - PROTOTYPE SUBURBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTERS PY - 1971/03 AB - The purpose was to develop criteria for prototype commuter transportation centers at which the interchange of rail passengers to automobile, bus or other rail modes would be facilitated with maximum convenience. Criteria for designing the prototype transportation centers was developed with reference to: (1) the enclosed structure: (2) pedestrian circulation; (3) provision of commercial and other public facilities; (4) parking; (5) loading operations; and (6) landscaping. Each functional aspect of the efficient rail station is described briefly along with such general planning requirements as the estimated volume of commuter passengers and vehicles. Particular emphasis is focused upon convenience for the transit user as the transit environment may be a principal factor is attracting new ridership. Consequently, such variables as walking distances, pedestrian access, passenger amenities, and functional design are emphasized in the analysis. Three prototype transportation center designs were developed for application in different types of urban and suburban locations. Estimated cost factors for each prototype design are provided. The possible impact of new transit technology on future station configurations is discussed. A final section details implementation procedures for commuter transportation centers. Different sources of financing are examined with reference to local contributions, parking fees, commercial leases or land sales, and participation in relevant federal assistance programs. KW - Commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241832 AU - Puerto Rico Planning Board TI - TUSCA PROJECT-METRO TRANSIT INTEGRATION PY - 1971/03 AB - TRANSPORTATION POLICIES IN PUERTO RICO HAVE, UNITL THE TIME OF THIS REPORT, BEEN A RESULT OF MANY DIVERSE DECISIONS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGENCIES AND INDIVIDUALS TAKEN SEPARATELY; ONLY RECENTLY HAVE THESE DECISIONS REGARDING TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS BECOME RECOGNIZED AS PARTS OF THE SAME PROBLEM: MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND PEOPLE THROUGHOUT THE ISLAND AND ITS URBAN AREAS. A PLAN FOR INTEGRATED ACTION CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VARIOUS MODES OF TRANSPORTATION THAT WILL ULTIMATELY CONSTITUTE THE PUBLIC TRANSIT FOUNDATION WAS PROPOSED. MAJOR PUBLIC TRANSIT CORRIDORS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREAS OF SAN JUAN, PONCE, AND MAYAGUEZ ARE IDENTIFIED. THE NETWORK OF EXISTING AND POTENTIAL TRANSIT CORRIDORS COULD, TOGETHER, SERVE THE ENTIRE SAN JUAN METROPOLITAN AREA; THE CORRIDORS CONSTITUTE THE ELEMENTS OF A POTENTIALLY COMPREHENSIVE AND UBIQUITOUS PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM. EACH CORRIDOR WITHIN THE NETWORK COULD BE DEVELOPED TO SERVE THE SPECIAL TRANSIT REQUIREMENTS OF THE AREAS IT SERVES. PREVIOUSLY, THE TWO CORRIDORS HAVING POTENTIALLY THE HEAVIEST DEMAND HAVE BEEN SELECTED, APPROPRIATELY, AS ROUTES OF THE SAN JUAN RAPID TRANSIT, FOR WHICH PRELIMINARY PLANS ARE NOW BEING MADE; THE REMAINING CORRIDORS SERVE AREAS WHICH MIGHT GENERATE PATRONAGE IN SUFFICIENT NUMBERS TO JUSTIFY GRADE-SEPARATED TRANSIT. BECAUSE RIDERSHIP IN THESE CORRIDORS WOULD PROBABLY NOT JUSTIFY IMMEDIATE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVENTIONAL RAPID TRANSIT, CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO OTHER URBAN TRANSIT MODES, SUCH AS BUS EXPRESSWAYS. AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR PHASING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM IN THE SAN JUAN METROPOLITAN AREA IS SUGGESTED. AN EXAMINATION AND REVIEW IS REPORTED FOR THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: (1) TRANSIT NETWORK ALTERNATIVES IN THE SAN JUAN METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY; (2) TRANSIT PLANS FOR MAYAGUEZ AND PONCE; (3) ROUTE ALIGNMENTS FOR THE SAN JUAN RAPID TRANSIT: (4) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMMEDIATE IMPROVEMENT OF BUS SERVICE BETWEEN RIO PIEDRAS AND SANTURCE; (5) SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVED WATERWAY TRANSPORTATION; AND (6) SUGGESTIONS FOR CRITICAL URBAN DESIGN AREAS FOR WHICH DETAILED ANALYSIS IS NEEDED, PARTICULARLY REGARDING TRANSPORTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mode S KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242128 AU - Echols, J C AU - Metro Washington Council of Governments TI - THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS-BUS- ON-FREEWAY PROJECT PY - 1971/03 AB - THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN HAS DIVIDED THE WORK REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS-BUS-ON-FREEWAY PROJECT INTO THREE PARTS: (1) IMPLEMENTATION OF TE BUS ROADWAY, (2) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRANSIT SERVICE, AND (3) DESIGN OF THE MONITORING AND EVALUATION PROGRAM. THE INVESTIGATION OF IMMEDIATE EXTENSIONS TO THE BUS-ONLY USAGE OF THE REVERSIBLE LANES, PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF THE BUS ROADWAY, WAS DEVOTED TO THE EXPLORATION OF TRAFFIC OPERATION SCHEMES (NO ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION REQUIRED) TO PROVIDE TEMPORARY EXTENSIONS TO THE BUSWAY. THESE SCHEMES WERE INTENDED TO PROVIDE BUS TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS AND THEREBY MAINTAIN THE MOMENTUM OF THE SWITCH TO TRANSIT WHICH HAD BEEN ACHIEVED BY USE OF THE PERMANENT REVERSIBLE LANES BY BUSES ONLY. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THE RE-ROUTING OF A LARGE NUMBER OF BUS TRIPS FROM MEMORIAL BRIDGE TO THE 14TH STREET BRIDGE. THEY ALSO RECOMMEND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN EXCLUSIVE LANE FOR BUSES AND RIGHT TURNS ONLY ALONG 12 BLOCKS ON 14TH STREET, AND THE EXTENSION OF THE EXISTING BUS LANES ON H AND I STREETS, DURING THE TWO PEAK TRAVEL PERIODS. THE AUTHORS PROPOSE A MONITORING PROGRAM TO MEASURE PATRONAGE RESPONSE TO THE NEW BUS SERVICE BY COUNTING PERSON MOVEMENTS ON ALL RADIAL ARTERIALS IN THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY CORRIDOR. ALSO AN ON-BOARD SURVEY OF ALL BUS RIDERS USING THE BUSWAY SOUTH OF GLEBE ROAD SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AFTER EACH INCREMENT OF NEW BUSES IS PLACED IN SERVICE. THIS AMOUNT OF INFORMATION WILL PERMIT ANALYSIS AT THE ROUTE AND CORRIDOR LEVEL, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME PERMITTING MANUAL ANALYSIS AT THE BUS TRIP LEVEL FOR REVIEW OF WALKING DISTANCES, AND POSSIBLE BUS RE-ROUTINGS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242104 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - TRI-CITY TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY: ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE TRANSIT SERVICE CONCEPTS AND PLANS PY - 1971/03 AB - THE CENTRAL ELEMENTS OF THE DIAL-A-BUS CONCEPT ARE TWO-FOLD: A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM LINKING THE CUSTOMER, CENTRAL CONTROL, AND THE VEHICLE FLEET, AND A CENTRAL COMPUTER FOR DISPATCHING AND CONTROL. A PERSON WISHING TO MAKE A TRIP REGISTERS HIS REQUEST BY A TELEPHONE CALL TO A CENTRAL DISPATCHER. THE REQUEST FOR SERVICE AND THE TIME OF THE REQUEST ARE ENTERED INTO A COMPUTER, WHICH MAINTAINS A RECORD OF ALL PERSONS AWAITING SERVICE OR ENROUTE ON THE SYSTEM. A FLEET OF BUSES, EACH EQUIPPED WITH A TWO-WAY RADIO AND A DISPLAY DEVICE CAPABLE OF TRANSLATING A RECEIVED CODED MESSAGE INTO A STREET ADDRESS OR OTHER LOCATION AND DISPLAYING THIS INFORMATION FOR THE DRIVER, IS DEPLOYED THROUGHOUT THE AREA TO BE SERVED. WHEN A REQUEST FOR SERVICE IS ENTERED, THE COMPUTER SEARCHES ITS RECORDS FOR THE NEAREST BUS MOVING IN THE GENERAL DIRECTION DESIRED BY THE PASSENGER AND AUTOMATICALLY DISPATCHES THE APPROPRIATE BUS TO THE ADDRESS. EACH TIME A DRIVER PICKS UP OR DISCHARGES A PASSENGER, HE SIGNALS THE COMPUTER THAT HE HAS COMPLETED THE OPERATION AND A NEW ADDRESS, REPRESENTING EITHER A NEW DEMAND FOR SERVICE OR THE DESTINATION OF THE NEXT PASSENGER TO BE DISCHARGED, IS DISPLAYED. THE COMPUTER MAINTAINS A RECORD OF THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS ON BOARD SO THAT A FULL BUS WILL NOT BE DISPATCHED IN RESPONSE TO A NEW REQUEST. BECAUSE THE COMPUTER MAINTAINS A RECORD OF ALL ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS, IT CAN COMPUTE INDIVIDUAL FARES TO BE DISPLAYED TO THE DRIVER, AT THE TIME THE PASSENGER IS TO BE DISCHARGED OR TO BE ADDED TO HIS ACCOUNT FOR BILLING ON A PERIODIC BASIS. THE EXISTING COMPUTER CONTROL IS DESIGNED FOR A COMPUTER SYSTEM WHICH COSTS $15,000 - $20,000 PER MONTH TO LEASE; EFFORTS ARE UNDERWAY TO DEVELOP A MINI-COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM WHICH RENTS FOR UNDER $5,000 PER MONTH AND WHICH IS TARGETED TO HANDLE UP TO 1,000 PASSENGERS PER HOUR. TOTAL PATRONAGE DEMAND IN THE TRI-CITY AREA WILL EXCEED THE CAPACITY OF THE MANUAL DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM DURING PEAK HOUR COMMUTING HOURS; THEREFORE, A COMBINATION SERVICE CONCEPT WITH CONVENTIONAL FIXED-ROUTES IN THE HEAVIEST DEMAND CORRIDORS OVERLAID WITH THE FLEXIBLE DIAL-A-BUS SERVICE SEEMS MOST ATTRACTIVE. /UMTA/ KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fares KW - Information processing KW - Paratransit services KW - Private transportation KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240151 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - TRI-CITY TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY-SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS RE: ALTERNATIVE PLANS: INTERPRETATION OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEY: AND TRI-CITY-HAYWARD SERVICE COORDINATION PY - 1971/03 AB - FIVE TRANSIT SERVICE PLANS WERE DEVELOPED FOR CONSIDERATION IN THE TRI-CITY AREA; FOUR OF THESE PLANS ARE PREDICATED UPON CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE WITH FIXED ROUTES AND FIXED SCHEDULES. FOR EACH ALTERNATIVE PLAN, VARIOUS FREQUENCIES OF SERVICE WERE ALSO EVALUATED. PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES OF TOTAL ANNUAL COSTS FOR THESE PLANS RANGED FROM ABOUT $750,000 TO OVER $3.6 MILLION. THE FIFTH PLAN INCORPORATES AN ON-CALL, FLEXIBLY SCHEDULED AND ROUTED DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM TOGETHER WITH A LIMITED NUMBER OF CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT ROUTES; ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST FOR THIS PLAN IS $1.1 MILLION. THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES EVALUATIONS OF THE ALTERNATIVE PLANS NOT EXCEEDING $1.5 MILLION. THE MOST DIRECT BENEFITS ARE TO THE USERS OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM WHO BENEFIT THROUGH TIME, CONVENIENCE, AND COST SAVINGS. IN ADDITION, THERE ARE NON-USER BENEFITS SUCH AS REDUCTIONS IN TRAFFIC AND PARKING CONGESTION BECAUSE THE TRANSIT SYSTEM REMOVES SOME AUTOMOBILES FROM THE HIGHWAYS; POSSIBLE REDUCTIONS IN UNEMPLOYMENT TAXES, WELFARE PAYMENTS, CRIME, ETC., SINCE THE UNEMPLOYED MAY GET JOBS BECAUSE OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM; AND REDUCTIONS IN SMOG OR AIR POLLUTION DUE TO REDUCTIONS IN MOTOR VEHICLE USE. AN INTERVIEW SURVEY, DESIGNED TO COMPLEMENT THE TECHNICAL DATA WITH INFORMATION IN THE DIMENSION OF COMMNITY ATTITUDES ABOUT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, WAS TAKEN. THE KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE SURVEY ARE: (A) EIGHTY-NINE PERCENT OF ALL RESPONDENTS FEEL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IS NEEDED IN FREEMONT, NEWARK, AND UNION CITY. (B) TRANSPORTATION FOR PERSONS WITH LIMITED MOBILITY WERE PRIMARY REASONS CITED FOR NEEDING A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. (C) TWO-THIRDS MAJORITY PREFERENCE WAS EXPRESSED FOR THE LARGER OF TWO ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT PLANS. (D) HOURLY SERVICE AND 25 CENT FARES ON THE LARGER PLAN WERE PREFERRED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Employment KW - Feeder services KW - Low income groups KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Social factors KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241901 AU - Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission TI - PROTOTYPE SUBURBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTERS PY - 1971/03 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO DEVELOP CRITERIA FOR PROTOTYPE COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION CENTERS AT WHICH THE INTERCHANGE OF RAIL PASSENGERS TO AUTOMOBILE, BUS OR OTHER RAIL MODES WOULD BE FACILITATED WITH MAXIMUM CONVENIENCE. CRITERIA FOR DESIGNING THE PROTOTYPE TRANSPORTATION CENTERS WAS DEVELOPED WITH REFERENCE TO: (1) THE ENCLOSED STRUCTURE; (2) PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION; (3) PROVISION OF COMMERCIAL AND OTHER PUBLIC FACILITIES; (4) PARKING; (5) LOADING OPERATIONS; AND (6) LANDSCAPING. EACH FUNCTIONAL ASPECT OF THE EFFICIENT RAIL STATION IS DESCRIBED BRIEFLY ALONG WITH SUCH GENERAL PLANNING REQUIREMENTS AS THE ESTIMATED VOLUME OF COMMUTER PASSENGERS AND VEHICLES. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS FOCUSED UPON CONVENIENCE FOR THE TRANSIT USER AS THE TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT MAY BE A PRINCIPAL FACTOR IS ATTRACTING NEW RIDERSHIP. CONSEQUENTLY, SUCH VARIABLES AS WALKING DISTANCES, PEDESTRIAN ACCESS, PASSENGER AMENITIES, AND FUNCTIONAL DESIGN ARE EMPHASIZED IN THE ANALYSIS. THREE PROTOTYPE TRANSPORTATION CENTER DESIGNS WERE DEVELOPED FOR APPLICATION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF URBAN AND SUBURBAN LOCATIONS. ESTIMATED COST FACTORS FOR EACH PROTOTYPE DESIGN ARE PROVIDED. THE POSSIBLE IMPACT OF NEW TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY ON FUTURE STATION CONFIGURATIONS IS DISCUSSED. A FINAL SECTION DETAILS IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES FOR COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION CENTERS. DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FINANCING ARE EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO LOCAL CONTRIBUTIONS, PARKING FEES, COMMERCIAL LEASES OR LAND SALES, AND PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Financing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Modal split KW - Mode S KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131949 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241935 AU - Morlok, E K AU - Kulash, W M AU - Vandersypen, H L AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - THE EFFECT OF REDUCED FARE PLANS FOR THE ELDERLY ON TRANSIT SYSTEM ROUTES PY - 1971/03 AB - REDUCED TRANSIT FARE PROGRAMS FOR THE ELDERLY ARE EXAMINED TO ASSESS THEIR IMPACT ON: (1) GROSS FAREBOX REVENUES; (2) QUALITY OF SERVICE TO OTHER TRANSIT USERS; (3) ROUTE PLANNING; AND (4) OPERATING COSTS. REDUCED FARE PLANS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THIS ANALYSIS PROVIDE SPECIAL OFF-PEAK RATES FOR ELDERLY PASSENGERS IN AN ATTEMPT TO REDISTRIBUTE DAILY RIDERSHIP AND ENCOURAGE GREATER TRANSIT USAGE BY THIS "CAPTIVE" AGE GROUP. THE RESULTS OF REDUCED FARE DEMONSTRATIONS UNDERTAKEN IN CHICAGO, LOS ANGELES, DETROIT, TOLEDO, AND NEW YORK CITY, NOTED IN THE PRESENT REPORT, EMPHASIZED GENERAL RIDERSHIP DATA AND DID NOT YIELD A MODEL FOR EVALUATING ECONOMIC EFFECTS ON OVERALL TRANSIT OPERATIONS. THE AUTHORS SYNTHESIZE AN EMPIRICAL EQUATION FOR MEASURING REVENUE CHANGE AS THE SUM OF THREE EFFECTS-- REVENUE GAINS FROM NEW BASE PERIOD RIDES AT REDUCED FARES, REVENUE LOSSES DUE TO FORMER BASE RIDERS USING REDUCED FARES, AND REVENUE LOSSES DUE TO PEAK RIDES SHIFTING TO BASE. IT IS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF MULTIPLYING THE AMOUNT OF FARE REDUCTION BY TOTAL TRIPS TO DETERMINE REVENUE LOSSES IS INCORRECT, AS CHANGES IN THE FARE STRUCTURE MAY BE ACCOMPANIED BY AN OVERALL INCREASE IN TRANSIT RIDERSHIP WHICH MAY MITIGATE GROSS LOSSES. FURTHER, WHERE TRANSIT OPERATIONS (ROUTING, EQUIPMENT IN SERVICE, MANPOWER ALLOCATIONS, ETC.) ARE REVISED TO MEET CHANGES IN DEMAND BY ELDERLY PASSENGERS DURING OFF-PEAK HOURS, THE COST OF SUCH OPERATIONS MAY BE SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED. APPENDED MATERIAL OUTLINES DERIVATION OF THE MODEL, DEMAND FOR TRANSIT AMONG ELDERLY PERSONS, BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS, THE ESTIMATED EFFECT OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATIONAL AIDS ON ELDERLY RIDERSHIP, AN EVALUATION OF PROPOSED FARE REDUCTION PROGRAMS, AND AN ACTUAL PROGRAM FOR COMPUTER ANALYSIS WITH THE MODEL. /AUTHOR/ KW - Aged KW - Fares KW - Off peak periods KW - Off peak traffic KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Routing KW - Traffic KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241912 AU - Hines, J M AU - Sloan, D W AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - LEGAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION REGULATION AND INNOVATION: THE DIAL-A-RIDE (USL-TR-70-19) PY - 1971/03 AB - STATE AND FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER REGULATION IS EXAMINED AS IT MAY IMPINGE ON A NEW CONCEPT OF TRANSPORTATION, THE DIAL-A-RIDE. THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM WOULD USE A VEHICLE LIKE A MINIBUS TO PROVIDE DOOR-TO-DOOR SERVICE ON TELEPHONE REQUEST. SERVICE REQUESTS WILL BE RECEIVED BY A CENTRAL COMPUTER WHICH WILL DYNAMICALLY DIRECT THE BUSES ALONG OPTIMAL ROUTES. DIAL-A-RIDE MAY WARRANT SPECIAL REGULATORY ATTENTION BECAUSE OF ITS POTENTIAL RELATION TO PUBLIC POLICY OBJECTIVES, E.G., COMBATTING URBAN POVERTY, GENERATING TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, FULFILLING TRANSPORTATION DEMANDS UNMET BY EXISTING SYSTEMS, AND REDUCING AUTOMOBILE USE. AN "EXPERIMENTAL EXEMPTION" FROM REGULATION IS PROPOSED TO ENCOURAGE THE TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL AND SERVICE CONCEPTS. THE PROBLEM OF ACQUIRING PERMISSION TO OPERATE IS EXPLORED UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT DIAL-A-RIDE WOULD NOT QUALIFY FOR ANY EXEMPTION FROM REGULATION. THIS CHAPTER IS ESSENTIALLY ADVOCACY, ANTICIPATING SOME OF THE OBSTACLES A DIAL-A-RIDE APPLICATION WOULD MEET IN STATE LAW AND MARSHALLING ARGUMENTS AND AUTHORITIES TO OVERCOME THEM. A SECOND SECTION CONSIDERS DEVELOPING FEDERAL LAW AS IT WOULD AFFECT DIAL-A-RIDE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223934 AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1971/03 AB - THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELEVANT LITERATURE IN THE FIELDS OF VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. FOUR BROAD TOPICAL AREAS ARE ENCOMPASSED IN THE BIBLIOGRAPHY: (1) PASSENGER COMFORT (HUMAN TOLERANCES AND PREFERENCES TO VARIOUS CONDITIONS IN THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT); (2) SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT; (3) HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION; AND (4) AERODYNAMICS OF VEHICLES IN TUBES. BIBLIOGRAPHIC MATERIALS WERE OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS RESOURCES INCLUDING UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES, GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT DEPOSITORIES, PREVIOUS INDEXES TO TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING MATERIAL, AND SPECIALIZED LITERATURE SEARCHES. DOCUMENTS INDEXED IN THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY SPAN A PERIOD OF 30 YEARS AND REFLECT STATE-OF-THE-ART IN ALL SUBJECTS. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Bibliographies KW - Passenger comfort KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242077 AU - Roos, D AU - Melone, T AU - Little, F AU - PORTER, E AU - Wilson, N AU - Sussman, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - THE DIAL-A-RIDE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1971/03 AB - THE TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM, A DOOR-TO-DOOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, ARE DISCUSSED. A FLEET OF SMALL VEHICLES SERVES CUSTOMER REQUESTS AS THEY ARE RECEIVED. THERE ARE NO FIXED ROUTES OR SCHEDULES. RATHER, VEHICLE ASSIGNMENTS ARE DETERMINED BY A DIGITAL COMPUTER PROGRAM, OPERATING ON THE CURRENT CUSTOMER REQUESTS TO PRODUCE MAXIMUM VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY AND TO ENSURE THAT ALL CUSTOMERS ARE PICKED UP AND DELIVERED WITHIN REASONABLE TIME PERIODS. DIAL-A-RIDE IS THUS A FLEXIBLE, DYNAMIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM THAT ADAPTS TO TRAVEL DESIRES AS THEY BECOME APPARENT. THE COST COMPONENTS OF A DIAL-A-RIDE SERVICE ARE VEHICLE OPERATIONS, COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER DISPATCHING, AND OVERHEAD. A REPRESENTATIVE HOURLY COST BREAKDOWN INDICATES THAT VEHICLE OPERATIONS WOULD BE THE DOMINANT EXPENDITURE AT A COST OF TEN DOLLARS AN HOUR PER VEHICLE. VEHICLE OPERATIONS CONSISTS OF DRIVER WAGES, VEHICLE DEPRECIATION CHARGES, MAINTENANCE COSTS, AND FUEL COSTS. ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHMS CAN BE DEVELOPED WHICH WILL PROVIDE A DOOR-TO-DOOR MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM WITH REASONABLE EFFICIENCY. THIS FUNCTION COULD BE PERFORMED IN REAL TIME WITH EXISTING MEDIUM-SIZED COMPUTERS. ONE SUCH COMPUTER ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHM WAS DEVELOPED, PROGRAMMED AND EXTENSIVELY TESTED WITH EXCELLENT RESULTS. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132103 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223937 AU - Suomala, J B AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - DIAL-A-RIDE VEHICLE SPECIFICATION PY - 1971/03 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE A SET OF SPECIFICATIONS WHICH WOULD ENABLE EARLY PROCUREMENT OF VEHICLES FOR A DIAL-A-RIDE (DAR) EXPERIMENT. CONFORMANCE TO THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS IS MANDATORY: (1) ALL APPLICABLE FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS; (2) STATIC TEST CODE FOR SCHOOL BUS BODY STRUCTURE, TRUCK BODY AND EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.; AND (3) SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS HANDBOOK SUPPLEMENT 19. THE MINIMUM STANDARDS REPRESENT A PRACTICAL POINT OF DEPARTURE FOR SPECIFICATIN OF THE DAR VEHICLE SINCE THEY DESCRIBE A PASSENGER-CARRYING VEHICLE DESIGNED AROUND REASONABLE SAFETY CRITERIA. DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS ARE PROVIDED FOR VEHICLES IN TERMS OF: THE INTERIOR CONFIGURATION; EXTERIOR CONFIGURATION; CONSTRUCTION; SAFETY; BRAKING; STEERING; HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING; PERFORMANCE; PROPULSION; RUNNING GEAR; AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Braking KW - Construction KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Electrical networks KW - Electrical systems KW - Heating KW - Paratransit services KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Steering KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241911 AU - Solomon, R J AU - Saltzman, A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - HISTORY OF TRANSIT AND INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS (USL-TR-70-20) PY - 1971/03 AB - THE REPORT, WHICH FOCUSES ON ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY PROBLEMS IN THE PERIOD 1900-1970, SUGGESTS SEVERAL ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO DECLINING RIDERSHIP AMID RISING COSTS, INCLUDING: (1) SEVERE INFLATIONARY TRENDS SINCE WORLD-WAR I NOT ABSORBED BY FARE INCREASES; (2) OVERCAPITALIZATION OF THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY BASED UPON UNREALISTIC RIDERSHIP PROJECTIONS; (3) MISMANAGEMENT OF DEPRECIATION RESERVES TO PAY PREFERRED INDEBTEDNESS; AND (4) RULINGS BY FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES WHICH APPLIED ANTITRUST LEGISLATION TO TRANSIT MANAGEMENT BY UTILITY COMPANIES AND VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS. GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS OF MASS TRANSPORTATION TENDED TO UNDERMINE VITAL SOURCES OF REVENUE AND MANAGEMENT EXPERTISE AT CRITICAL TIMES WHEN INNOVATION WAS NECESSARY TO MEET DECLINING RIDERSHIP. INTERPRETATION OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 AND ANTITRUST ACTIONS AGAINST NATIONAL CITY LINES AND GENERAL MOTORS ARE SELECTED CASE STUDIES. THE REPORT ALSO TREATS "REPRESSIVE LEGISLATION" AGAINST EARLY ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE JITNEY BUS SERVICE IN CITIES SUCH AS ST. LOUIS. SUCH JITNEY SERVICE REPRESENTED THE KIND OF INNOVATIVE RESPONSE TO PASSENGER DEMANDS THAT SHOULD BE PURSUED. THE POPULATION BASE SERVED BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HAS SHIFTED TO REPRESENT A DISTINCT MINORITY OF THE URBAN MARKET, FURTHER NECESSITATING A NEW OPERATIONAL IDEOLOGY. AS A MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT IS TO EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT INTO WHICH A DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM WOULD BE INTRODUCED, THE RESULTS OF SEVERAL SIMILAR PROJECTS ARE ANALYZED. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY PROJECT SPONSORS, THE EFFECTS OF FAVORABLE LABOR CONDITIONS AT THE PROJECT SITES, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLE CAPACITY AND PRODUCTIVITY ARE NOTED. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - History KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131957 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242089 AU - Wilson, N H AU - Sussman, J M AU - Wong, H AU - Higonnet, T AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS FOR A DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM PY - 1971/03 AB - THE OBJECTIVE OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM IS TO PROVIDE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE AUTOMOBILE (OR TAXI) AT A COST MUCH LOWER THAN THAT OF A TAXI. ALGORITHMS ARE THE SETS OF RULES WHICH ASSIGN PASSENGERS TO DIAL-A-RIDE VEHICLES. THE AIM OF THE IDEAL ALGORITHM WOULD BE TO MAXIMIZE THE SATISFACTION OF ALL SYSTEM USERS. COST TO THE USER AND TOTAL SERVICE TIME, ARE BOTH WELL-DEFINED COMPONENTS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WHICH ARE ALSO CONTROLLABLE AND EASY TO MEASURE. OTHER CONTROLLABLE FACTORS MAY ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEGREE OF SATISFACTION BUT THEIR EFFECTS ARE UNCLEAR AND HARD TO QUANTIFY. EXACTLY HOW A USER REACTS TO SERVICE TIMES (OR COSTS) IS BOTH HARD TO GENERALIZE AND IMPORTANT FOR EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE ALGORITHMS. ALGORITHMS WHICH MIGHT BE APPLICABLE TO THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM ARE EXAMINED. IDEALLY AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION ALGORITHM SHOULD BE USED, BUT THE SIZE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM MAKES THIS INFEASIBLE AT THE CURRENT TIME. CONSEQUENTLY A HEURISTIC WAS DEVELOPED WHICH ATTEMPTS TO FIND GOOD BUT PROBABLY SUB-OPTIMAL ASSIGNMENTS. THE SETTING OF THE SERVICE TIME CONSTRAINTS HAD AN EFFECT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE HEURISTIC, BUT IT WAS NOT AS MARKED AS MIGHT HAVE BEEN EXPECTED. BY SETTING THE CONSTRAINTS ABOUT TWICE AS HIGH AS THE MEAN SERVICE TIMES WITH INFINITE CONSTRAINTS, BOTH MEANS AND EXTREME SERVICE TIMES WERE CLOSE TO THEIR BEST VALUES AND THIS IS THE RECOMMENDED CONSTRAINT LEVEL. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Paratransit services KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241980 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1971/03 AB - THE UTAH TRANSIT AUTHORITY OPERATES ALMOST ALL OF THE LOCAL TRANSIT SERVICE IN SALT LAKE CITY AND SALT LAKE COUNTY. ALL THE ROUTES OPERATED BY THE AUTHORITY SERVE THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. A TOTAL OF 134.5 ROUTE MILES OF SERVICE ARE PROVIDED; ABOUT 2/3 OF THIS MILEAGE IS WITHIN THE LIMITS OF SALT LAKE CITY. SINCE SOME OF THE ROUTE MILES ARE PROVIDED OVER THE SAME STREETS, SERVICE IS DUPLICATED AND THE ACTUAL STREET MILES OF SERVICE ARE CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THE TOTAL OPERATED. THE MEASURE OF EFFICIENCY OF A TRANSIT OPERATION IS THE RATIO BETWEEN REVENUE PASSENGERS AND BUS MILES DRIVEN. BETWEEN 1962 AND 1970, CITY LINES' ANNUAL PATRONAGE DECLINED FROM APPROXIMATELY 10 MILLION TO 3.8 MILLION RIDES, A REDUCTION OF 62%. A REGIONAL ROUTE SYSTEM IS PROPOSED TO BE DEVELOPED OVER A RELATIVELY SHORT TIME SPAN. THIS SYSTEM OF EXPRESS COMMUTER ROUTES FROM OUTLYING POINTS USES FREEWAYS TO BE PHASED INTO OPERATION OVER A 10-YEAR PERIOD. THE ROUTE SYSTEM EXPANDS THE PRESENT SERVICE AREA AND PROVIDES MORE OPPORTUNITY FOR EAST-WEST TRAVEL ACROSS THE REGION. A TEN-YEAR PROGRAM OF CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS HAS ALSO BEEN DEVELOPED TO REDUCE THE AVERAGE AGE OF THE VEHICLE FLEET TO 7.5 YEARS WITHIN THREE YEARS TIME. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242062 AU - Developmental Sciences, Incorporated TI - APPLICATION OF SCALING DATA TO MODEL TESTS TO OBTAIN FULL- SCALE RESULTS-INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971/03 AB - A PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING SIMULATED EXPERIMENTAL DATA TO DETERMINE AERODYNAMIC AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF FULL-SCALE SUBWAY VEHICLE SYSTEMS IS OUTLINED. PARAMETERS FOR THE STUDIES INCLUDE: (1) STEADY-STATE AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS; (2) UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS; AND (3) HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS (SIMILITUDE OF BRAKING HEAT). SOME OF THE TESTS WILL EMPLOY ORDINARY CYLINDRICAL MODELS BUT WITHOUT CONSIDERATION AS TO THE SCALING OF SPECIFIC VEHICLE GEOMETRY, WHILE THE OTHER TESTS WILL UTILIZE GEOMETRICALLY SIMILAR MODELS WITH DIFFERENT PHYSICAL PARAMETERS. SPECIFIC PARAMETERS FOR EACH PROPOSED EXPERIMENT ARE EXAMINED. THE SIMILITUDE LAWS WHICH WILL PERMIT APPLICATION OF DATA OBTAINED FROM MODEL TESTING TO FULL-SCALE VEHICLE SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Model tests KW - Ratios KW - Scale (Ratio) KW - Similitude laws KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201058 AU - STAFFORD, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1971/03 AB - AN ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT CONCLUDES THAT DIAL-A-RIDE WOULD EFFECTIVELY SUPPLEMENT BUS AND TAXI SERVICES BY PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION TO 8--15 PASSENGERS PER HOUR AT RATES OF LESS THAN ONE DOLLAR. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR COMPUTING PROBABLE MARKET DEMAND ARE DISCUSSED. A DETAILED COST SUMMARY IS PROVIDED WITH REFERENCE TO: AVERAGE ESTIMATED COSTS PER TRIP (APPROXIMATELY 51 CENTS); TOTAL OPERATING COSTS (VEHICLES, LABOR, MAINTENANCE, AND OVERHEAD); COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL (THE COSTS OF RECEIVING SERVICE REQUESTS, COMPUTER PROCESSING, AND DISPATCHING VEHICLES); COMPUTER OPERATION COSTS; AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT COSTS. BASED UPON VARIABLE REQUIREMENTS AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM CAN OPERATE FOR AS LITTLE AS 30 CENTS PER PASSENGER. RELEVANT EQUATIONS ARE ALSO DEVELOPED WITH WHICH TO COMPARE THE COSTS OF DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION MODES WITHIN A SPECIFIC URBAN SITUATION. THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINES A DETAILED DEMAND ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE PROBABLE MARKET FOR DIAL-A-RIDE SERVICE. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT TIME COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH PUBLIC TRANSIT WILL HAVE TO COMPETE FAVORABLY WITH PARKING COSTS BEFORE AUTOMOBILE COMMUTERS WILL PATRONIZE THE BUS. THE ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF DIAL-A-RIDE AS COMPARED WITH PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION IS DISCUSSED ACCORDING TO A VARIETY OF ASSUMPTIONS. ADDITIONAL FIELD TESTING WILL BE NECESSARY TO DEFINE THE TRANSIT MARKET MORE ADEQUATELY. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH AN ANALYSIS OF PRICING POLICIES FOR DIAL-A-RIDE BASED ON TIME OF DAY; TRIP LENGTH AND LOCATION, OR TRIP TIME. THE PROBABLE VALUE OF COMMUTING TIME TO RIDERS IN DIFFERENT INCOME CATEGORIES IS ALSO COMPUTED. APPENDICES DOCUMENT METHODS OF DRIVER COSTING AND RESULTS OF AN ATTITUDE SURVEY CONDUCTED AMONG USERS OF DIFFERENT COMMUTER MODES. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Fares KW - Market research KW - Modal diversion KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242049 AU - Bruck, H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - TOPICS IN THE DESIGN OF DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION EXPERIMENTS PY - 1971/03 AB - IN DISCUSSING GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT CONTROLS ARE NECESSARY IN REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTATION WHERE FACTORS OUTSIDE THE DEMONSTRATION PARAMETERS MAY SERIOUSLY AFFECT RESULTS. INITIAL PROBLEMS IN DEMONSTRATION DESIGN ARE ALSO SUMMARIZED. TWO BASIC PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT FULL-SCALE DESIGN ARE DETERMINING THE LENGTH OF TIME NECESSARY FOR A DEMONSTRATION TO ACCOMPLISH ITS OBJECTIVES AND SELECTING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES SUFFICIENTLY NUMEROUS TO YIELD MEANINGFUL DATA, BUT SUFFICIENTLY LIMITED TO PERMIT CONTROL. THE EFFECTIVE MONITORING OF REAL-WORLD EXPERIMENTATION IS DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO OPERATIONS, DEMAND, SYSTEM USE, AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING LONG-TERM IMPLEMENTATION. A FOUR-PHASE APPROACH TO A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IS PROPOSED: (1) PRE-SERVICE PREPARATION (FIELD TESTING OF PROTOTYPE EQUIPMENT, ORGANIZATION OF PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES AT THE DEMONSTRATION SITE, AND EVALUATION OF INDIVIDUAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS); (2) PILOT SERVICE (OPERATION OF A LIMITED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE WITHIN A HIGHLY RESTRICTED AND CONTROLLED TEST AREA); (3) STAGE-ONE FULL SERVICE (EXPANSION OF PILOT SERVICE INTO A WIDER AREA WITH SUBSTANTIAL MONITORING OF OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND USER OPINIONS); AND (4) STAGE-TWO FULL SERVICE (OPERATION OF THE MATURE SYSTEM AND CONDUCT OF MAJOR IN-SERVICE TESTS). TEST, EVALUATION, AND SERVICE ELEMENTS ARE DELINEATED AT LENGTH. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Public opinion KW - Services KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240141 AU - GURIN, D AU - Wofford, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - IMPLICATIONS OF DIAL-A-RIDE FOR THE POOR (USL-TR-70-18) PY - 1971/03 AB - IMPLICATIONS OF DIAL-A-RIDE FOR THE POOR ARE EXAMINED WITH RESPECT TO (1) THE EXTENT TO WHICH DIAL-A-RIDE CAN OVERCOME GENERAL PROBLEMS FOR THE POOR IN EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION; (2) SPECIAL PROBLEMS WHICH DIAL-A-RIDE MAY GENERATE FOR THE POOR; (3) THE POTENTIAL FOR DIAL-A-RIDE TO CREATE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE POOR; AND (4) CRITERIA BY WHICH THE IMPLICATIONS OF DIAL-A-RIDE FOR THE POOR MAY BE DEMONSTRATED. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Low income groups KW - Paratransit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242047 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS FOR DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM PY - 1971/03 AB - "CARS" IS A DOOR-TO-DOOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM USING DYNAMICALLY ROUTED 10-20 PASSENGER VEHICLES. A TELEPHONED REQUEST FOR SERVICE WILL BE FED INTO A COMPUTER WHICH WILL EXAMINE CURRENT VEHICLE LOCATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS AND INSERT THE NEW REQUEST INTO THE TENTATIVE TOUR OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE VEHICLE. TO ACHIEVE THE DYNAMIC ROUTING WHICH IS ESSENTIAL, AND TO ALLOW FOR POSSIBLE REASSIGNMENTS AS THE DEMAND SITUATION DEVELOPS, EACH VEHICLE WILL RECEIVE INFORMATION AS TO ITS NEXT DESTINATION ONLY ONE STOP AHEAD. THIS INFORMATION MUST OBVIOUSLY BE TRANSFERRED WITH MINIMUM DELAY, SINCE THE VEHICLE CANNOT PROCEED UNTIL IT HAS ITS NEW DESTINATION. THE ANTICIPATED SERVICE LEVELS IN EVENTUAL CARS SYSTEMS RANGE FROM 500--2000 DEMANDS (PASSENGER SERVICE REQUESTS) PER HOUR. THIS WILL REQUIRE 1000--4000 RADIO DISPATCH MESSAGES PER HOUR, AS A SINGLE DEMAND WILL USUALLY RESULT IN TWO DISPATCH MESSAGES---ONE FOR PICKUP AND ONE FOR DELIVERY. SINCE THIS LEVEL OF DISPATCH ACTIVITY IS CONSIDERABLY IN EXCESS OF CURRENT PRACTICE IN ANALOGOUS APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS TAXI DISPATCHING, AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE "CARS" SYSTEMS STUDIES IS VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS. DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ARE RECOMMENDED THAT OPERATE AT 1000 BITS PER SECOND ON A SINGLE CHANNEL PAIR WHICH COULD TRANSMIT 3600 40-CHARACTER MESSAGES PER HOUR, SUFFICIENT TO DIRECT 180 VEHICLES AND SIMULTANEOUSLY POLL THE VEHICLE FLEET AT A RATE OF 40 VEHICLES PER SECOND FOR DRIVER INPUTS OR RESPONSES. SINCE ALL MESSAGE TRAFFIC WOULD BE DIGITAL, THE SCHEDULING COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WOULD BE DIRECTLY CONNECTED, AND ONLY A SUPERVISORY OR EMERGENCY VOICE DISPATCHING CAPABILITY NEED BE RETAINED. COST COMPARISONS FOR VOICE AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS INDICATE THAT FOR A 30-VEHICLE SYSTEM WITH ALL COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT COSTS AMORTIZED OVER TWO YEARS OF OPERATION, THE GREATER INITIAL EQUIPMENT COST OF A DIGITAL SYSTEM WOULD JUST BALANCE THE ADDED LABOR COSTS IN A VOICE SYSTEM. THE VOICE SYSTEM WOULD BE MORE EXPENSIVE FOR EITHER LARGER CARS SYSTEMS OR FOR LONGER PERIODS OF OPERATION, AND WOULD REQUIRE MORE RADIO CHANNELS. THE COMPUTER--VEHICLE LINK WOULD BE PROVIDED BY A CHARACTER-ORIENTED DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM INCLUDES A SMALL GENERAL- PURPOSE COMPUTER, PERIPHERAL TO THE SCHEDULING COMPUTER, TO HANDLE ALL THE TASKS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMUNICATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Algorithms KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Heuristic methods KW - Information processing KW - Paratransit services KW - Polling KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Speech KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239535 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments TI - AIRPORT ACCESS IN THE BALTIMORE-WASHINGTON REGION: IMMEDIATE-ACTION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM AND PLANNING GUIDE PY - 1971/03 AB - THE RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED IN TWO PHASES. THE FIRST PHASE CONSISTED OF DATA COLLECTION, NETWORK CODING, AND DATA PROCESSING PERTAINING TO SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC TENDENCIES, TRANSPORTATION FACILITY SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS, AND AIRPORT TRAVEL PATTERNS. A SURVEY OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES WAS MADE TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN THE STUDY AREA PROVIDED BY THE DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION, AS EVALUATED FROM ASSOCIATED COSTS. POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT DATA WERE DEVELOPED FOR 1965, FORECAST FOR 1970, AND TRANSMITTED FOR USE IN THE ACCESS DEMAND FORECASTING WORK. THE FOLLOWING MAJOR DEFICIENCIES WERE FOUND IN CURRENT REGIONAL AIRPORT ACCESS PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: POOR ACCESSIBILITY TO LOW-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREAS, LACK OF TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY DURING THE MORNING AND EVENING RUSH HOURS, AND MARGINAL ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF CURRENT OPERATIONS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DEVELOP AN IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR AIRPORT ACCESS IN THE BALTIMORE-- WASHINGTON REGION. GENERAL PROBLEM AREAS WERE DEFINED AND POLICY DECISIONS MADE REGARDING THE FOCUS OF DETAILED STUDIES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT INCREASED SERVICE TO LOW- DENSITY AREAS BE PROVIDED BY EITHER EXTENDING RESERVATION ROUTES TO TRANSFER POINTS WHERE FREE PARKING AND TAXI SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE OR BY OPERATION OF GROUP-RIDING SERVICE. SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IS NEEDED IN THE TRAFFIC CIRCULATION SYSTEM AT NATIONAL AIRPORT AND IS CONTINGENT UPON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A ONE-WAY CIRCULATION PLAN. THE RECOMMENDED PLAN PERMITS FURTHER IMPROVEMENT ON NATIONAL AIRPORT ON EITHER A NEAR-TERM OF A MAJOR-RECONSTRUCTION BASIS. CONVERSION OF THE PARTIAL ONE-WAY FLOW PATTERN AT FRIENDSHIP AIRPORT INTO A COMPLETE ONE-WAY PATTERN WILL FACILITATE TRAVEL AND ELIMINATE A MAJOR SAFETY HAZARD. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Landside capacity KW - Level of service KW - Low density KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Residential areas KW - Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport KW - Traffic flow KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228254 AU - Metro Planning Comm-kansas City Regon TI - TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN PY - 1971/02 AB - A COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF MASS TRANSPORTATION IN THE KANSAS CITY METROPOLITAN AREA WAS UNDERTAKEN TO EVALUATE CURRENT OPERATIONS AND TO SYNTHESIZE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BOTH LONG- AND SHORT-TERM SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS. ANTICIPATED CHANGES IN THE 1970 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS, TOGETHER WITH THE RESULTS OF A 1970 O & D STUDY, WERE USED TO IDENTIFY MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS AND TO ESTIMATE THE POTENTIAL MARKET FOR TRANSIT. EXISTING OPERATIONS WERE REVIEWED FROM THE STANDPOINTS OF CAPITAL ASSETS AND THE TRANSIT NETWORK. A WIDE DIVERSITY IN PATRONAGE AND FINANCES WAS FOUND AMONG DIFFERENT ROUTES. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SHORT TERM INCLUDE REVISION OF THE FARE STRUCTURE, ACQUISITION OF AT LEAST 300 NEW COACHES AND RELATED HARDWARE, RELOCATION OF FACILITIES, INTEGRATION OF SCHOOL BUS SYSTEMS WITH THE AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY, AND AUTHORIZATION OF A SUBSIDY OF $1.5 MILLION ANNUALLY TO MAINTAIN PRESENT SERVICES. SCHEDULING AND ROUTING CHANGES ARE ALSO RECOMMENDED. KW - Employment KW - Equipment KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Networks KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Service KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118873 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242093 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT ROUTES 1985: INTERIM REPORT #4 PY - 1971/02 AB - THE REPORT IS AN ANALYSIS OF RAPID TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE MIAMI, FLORIDA, METROPOLITAN AREA BY 1985. SPECIFICALLY, THE REPORT REFINES AND EXPANDS UPON A SYSTEM PROPOSED BY THE MIAMI URBAN AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY (MUATS). THE AUTHORS BEGIN WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE STEPS USED IN THEIR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS. THE PLANNING FACTORS EMPLOYED INCLUDED: INVENTORY, FORECAST, TRIP GENERATION, TRIP DISTRIBUTION, MODAL SPLIT, AND ASSIGNMENT. AN OVERALL PLANNING ALGORITHM IS OUTLINED FROM WHICH EMERGES AN EVALUATION METHODOLOGY. THE REPORT ALSO FOCUSES ON PROJECTIONS FOR DADE COUNTY IN 1985, PARTICULARLY THE ESTIMATED GROWTH OF SEVEN KEY INDICATORS, AND ON TRAVEL PATTERNS IN THE AREA. THE REPORT ATTEMPTS TO CONSTRUCT AN OPTIMUM SYSTEM BY TESTING REFINEMENTS OF THE MUATS PLAN WITH METHODS DEVELOPED EARLIER. FOUR NETWORKS, EACH BEING DEVISED AFTER TESTING THE PRECEDING ONE, WERE EVALUATED ACCORDING TO A WIDE VARIETY OF PERFORMANCE AND SERVICE CRITERIA. THE ROUTES WERE COMPARED IN TERMS OF BOTH OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS AND SEGMENT-BY-SEGMENT ANALYSIS. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE WITH A SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM AND SUPPORTING BUS NETWORK. THE REPORT EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR COORDINATION BETWEEN BUS AND RAPID TRANSIT IN FEEDER OPERATIONS AND TO PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION THROUGHOUT THE URBAN AREA. THE REPORT ALSO ESTIMATES 1985 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC AT EACH PROPOSED STATION AND BETWEEN STATIONS. TWO APPENDICES OUTLINE ACCESS MODES TO RAPID TRANSIT STATIONS AND THE SURFACE BUS SYSTEM. THE FORMER INCLUDES A COMPLETE PROJECTED STATISTICAL BREAKDOWN OF MODAL SPLIT IN ACCESS TO THE RAPID TRANSIT; THE LATTER RECOMMENDS SPECIFIC BUS ROUTES TO SUPPLEMENT THE RAPID TRANSIT. /UMTA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Algorithms KW - Bus transportation KW - Demographics KW - Feeder services KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228235 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION MODELS, BUFFALO-AMHERST CORRIDOR RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY PY - 1971/02 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT WAS TO ADVANCE PRELIMINARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH A PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR THE BUFFALO-AMHERST CORRIDOR. THE PROPOSED RAPID TRANSIT FACILITY WILL BE 12.5 MILES IN LENGTH, ORIGINATING FROM A PASSENGER TERMINAL. IN ORDER TO SOLVE THE HIGH CAPITAL COST PROBLEM, HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ALIGHMENTS FOR THE ENTIRE ROUTING SYSTEM WERE REEXAMINED. A STATE-OF-THE ART STUDY INDICATED THAT PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AERIAL STRUCTURING WOULD OFFER A SAVINGS OF APPROXIMATELY 10 TO 20 PERCENT, WHEN COMPARED WITH THE COST OF USING STEEL. TO FURTHER REDUCE COSTS, THE AUTHORS RECOMMENDED THAT AN AERIAL STRUCTURE BE USED INSTEAD OF A SUBWAY. IN LAYING OUT THE FINAL ALIGNMENT OF THE RAPID TRANSIT LINE AND DETERMINING STATION SITES, MUCH ATTENTION WAS DEVOTED TO MINIMIZING DISRUPTION TO EXISTING DEVELOPMENTS, PROVIDING ACCESSIBILITY FOR INNER-CITY RESIDENTS, PROVIDING CONVENIENT PROXIMITY TO MAJOR INSTITUTIONS IN THE BUFFALO-AMHERST CORRIDOR, AND TO ENHANCING THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEW DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT THE CORRIDOR. THE ALIGNMENT SELECTED AS BEING FEASIBLE FROM AN ENGINEERING STANDPOINT OFFERS THE DISTINCT ADVANTAGE OF DISRUPTING ONLY 17 RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Alignment KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Corridors KW - Costs KW - Inner cities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044189 AU - Developmental Sciences, Incorporated TI - DYNAMICS OF A MODEL VEHICLE RUNNING ON AN IMPERFECT ELASTIC TRACK PY - 1971/02 AB - Theoretical analyses of both longitudinal and lateral dynamics of a scaled model subway vehicle were performed to identify design parameters and the relationships among different system components and conditions. The longitudinal analyses assumed both rigid and elastic trackage to estimate critical speeds. Effects such as the eccentricity of the wheel, track imperfections, curvature in the track plane, and the coupling between rotary and translation vibration due to asymmetry of the center of gravity were considered in the analysis. Lateral dynamics were also investigated, with particular attention focused upon both wheel shimmy, which involved solid and viscous friction, and the stability of the "snake" type motion of the vehicle on a rigid imperfect track. All critical speeds in the dynamic analysis exceeded the maximum required normal operations of subway vehicles (65 + miles per hour). KW - Passenger cars KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Subways KW - Train track dynamics KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239554 AU - Indiana University, Bloomington TI - MASS TRANSIT MANAGEMENT: A HANDBOOK FOR SMALL CITIES PY - 1971/02 SP - 334 p. AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF MASS TRANSIT PARTICULARLY FOR SMALLER CITIES IN THE U.S.; THAT IS CITIES WITH A POPULATION OF 150,000 OR LESS. THE CITIES IN QUESTION ARE IN RATHER ISOLATED AREAS AND THEREFORE CUT OFF FROM THE EXPERIENCED TRANSIT MANAGEMENT PEOPLE IN AND AROUND LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS. THE TWO MAJOR CONSTRAINTS DISCUSSED ARE THE AMOUNT OF MONEY WHICH IS AVAILABLE AND THE DEGREE OF SPECIALIZATION POSSIBLE WITH THE LIMITED MANPOWER OF A SMALL ENTERPRISE. PRACTICES OF SMALLER TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN THE UNITED STATES WERE INVESTIGATED IN ORDER TO DISCOVER SOME OF THE METHODS AND PROBLEMS OF SUCH PROPERTIES. THE BEST METHODS UTILIZED BY THESE UNDERTAKINGS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED. WAYS IN WHICH IT MIGHT BE POSSIBLE TO IMPROVE ON EXISTING MANAGEMENT AND CONVENTIONAL PRACTICES OF THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY ARE INCLUDED. A CONSUMER-ORIENTED APPROACH IS STRONGLY EMPHASIZED BECAUSE THE AUTHOR IS OF THE OPINION THAT TODAY'S TRANSIT INDUSTRY IS PRIMARILY OPERATIONS ORIENTED IN A RELATIVELY UNSYSTEMATIC FASHION TO A DEGREE UNUSUAL FOR AMERICAN ENTERPRISE TODAY. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE OWNERSHIP IS DISCUSSED IN RELATION ESPECIALLY TO CONSUMER SERVICE QUALITY. MUCH ATTENTION IS ALSO PAID TO THE GAINING OF PUBLIC SUPPORT AND TO FINANCING MASS TRANSIT IN SMALL CITIES. THE REPORT IS DIRECTED NOT ONLY TOWARD TRANSIT MANAGERS BUT TOWARD PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND PRIVATE CITIZENS WHO WISH TO INAUGURATE OR IMPROVE TRANSIT SERVICE THROUGH PUBLIC ACTION. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/128707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241835 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - A SHORT RANGE BUS TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE REGION PY - 1971/02 AB - THE FIRST BASIC STEP IN DEVELOPING THE 1975 OPERATIONAL, REGIONAL SYSTEM WAS TO IDENTIFY THOSE TRANSIT CARRIERS WHOSE SERVICES SHOULD BE INCORPORATED INTO THE REGIONAL SYSTEM. THOSE CARRIERS WERE NIAGARA FRONTIER TRANSIT SYSTEMS, INC., NIAGARA FALLS MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION; TWIN CITIES TRANSIT CORP.; LOCKPORT BUS LINES; GRAND ISLAND TRANSIT CORP.; D & F TRANSIT CORP.; AND NIAGARA SCENIC BUS LINES. NEXT, THOSE REGIONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSIT DEMAND OVER THE 1971-1975 PERIOD WERE ANALYZED. THE REGIONAL ROUTE STRUCTURE WAS DETERMINED AND THE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SYSTEM WERE ESTABLISHED. FINALLY, A REGIONAL FARE STRUCTURE WAS DEVELOPED. A UNIFORM, REGIONAL FARE ZONE STRUCTURE SHOULD BE ADOPTED BY THE NIAGARA FRONTIER TRANSIT AUTHORITY (NFTA) BASED ON AIRLINE DISTANCES RATHER THAN THE CURRENT PRACTICE OF USING ROUTE MILES AS A BASIS. USING AIRLINE DISTANCE AS A BASIS FOR THE REGIONAL FARE ZONE STRUCTURE WILL INSURE UNIFORMITY AND ELIMINATE SITUATIONS WHERE PASSENGERS IN TWO SEPARATE LOCATIONS TRAVELING THE SAME DIRECT DISTANCE PAY DIFFERENT FARES BECAUSE ONE PASSENGER'S BUS ROUTE FOLLOWS A MORE CIRCUITOUS PATH IN REACHING HIS DESTINATION. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNIFIED AND IMPROVED TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE NIAGARA FRONTIER REGION OVER THE SHORT-RANGE FUTURE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE NFTA. THE STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED BY NFTA MUST BE CAREFULLY FORMULATED, KEEPING BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS AND AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN MIND. A POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY HAS BEEN OUTLINED WHICH CONSISTS OF (1) THE HIRING OF A GENERAL MANAGER FOR THE TRANSIT DIVISION; (2) THE INSTITUTION OF A PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM; (3) THE SELECTION OF A MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENT, EITHER STAFF TYPE OF CONTRACT TYPE; (4) THE ACQUISITION OF SELECTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS; (5) THE SECURING OF DESIRED REGULATORY AND LEGISLATIVE CHANGES; (6) THE ACQUISITION OF THE REQUIRED CAPITAL FACILITIES; AND (7) EFFECTING OPERATING AND SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Future growth KW - Level of service KW - Operations KW - Regional transportation KW - Routes KW - Service KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239484 AU - Urban Transport Institute TI - MASS TRANSIT MANAGEMENT: A HANDBOOK FOR SMALL CITIES PY - 1971/02 AB - THE AIM OF THIS HANDBOOK IS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION TO MANAGEMENT OF MASS TRANSIT, PARTICULARLY SMALL SCALE OPERATIONS IN SMALL CITIES (WITH POPULATIONS OF 150,000 OR LESS) IN THE UNITED STATES. THE PRACTICES OF SMALL TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN MANY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY WERE INVESTIGATED TO DISCOVER FIRSTHAND SOME OF THEIR METHODS AND PROBLEMS, SINCE THEY ARE TO SOME EXTENT ISOLATED OR CUT OFF FROM THE ADVICE OF EXPERIENCED TRANSIT MANAGEMENT PEOPLE IN AND AROUND MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS. THE HANDBOOK IS A MARKETING- ORIENTED DOCUMENT. THROUGHOUT, CAREFUL ATTENTION HAS BEEN PAID TO THE CONSUMER AND TO GEARING MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AND THE SERVICE PROVIDED BY THE TRANSIT FIRM TO MEET THE DESIRES AND NEEDS OF CONSUMERS AT A COST CAREFULLY CALCULATED AND CONTROLLED. THE HANDBOOK IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR SECTIONS. THE FIRST SECTION CONCERNS THE IMPORTANT MATTERS OF ORGANIZATION, GAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT AND PUBLIC ACTION FOR TRANSIT AND FOR FINANCING TRANSIT. THE SECOND SECTION FOCUSES ON MANAGEMENT ITSELF AND THE CONTROL AND INFORMATION DEVICES NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT. THE THIRD SECTION COVERS IMPORTANT AREAS OF DAY-TO-DAY OPERATION COORDINATED AS THE PRODUCT ELEMENT IN THE MARKETING MIX. THE FINAL SECTION DEALS WITH THE MARKETING PROGRAM AND PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Personnel KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131258 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239527 AU - David A Page & Assoc TI - A COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE RAIL-BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT PY - 1971/02 AB - THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WHICH WOULD DETERMINE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE PATRONAGE OF THE SYSTEM TO CHANGES IN THE SERVICE PARAMETERS OF THE SYSTEM IS PROPOSED. THE AUTHOR PERCEIVES THE ROLE OF THE SYSTEMS MANAGER AS ONE OF COORDINATION BETWEEN ALL THE ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT. THE SYSTEM MANAGER WOULD ACT AS COORDINATOR BETWEEN THE PUBLIC BODIES AND PRIVATE FIRMS INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION. THE PROJECT WILL BE DIVIDED INTO THREE TASKS: (1) PREPARATION FOR THE PROJECT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; (2) IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT AND THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; AND (3) EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT. EACH TASK WILL CONSIST OF SUB-TASKS TO BE PERFORMED BY ONE OR MORE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT AND SHOULD BE COMPLETED PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE NEXT TASK. PLANNING AND SCHEDULING WILL BE DETERMINED TO EFFECTIVELY CONDUCT THE PROGRAM. CONSTANT REPORTING, ANALYZING, AND EVALUATING IS THIS FIRM'S APPROACH TO PROJECT CONTROL. EACH ACTIVITY WILL HAVE A COST ASSOCIATED WITH IT. REPORTING PROCEDURES WILL PROVIDE A COST STATUS IN TERMS OF ACTUAL AND PLANNED COSTS. A SUMMARY PROFILE REPORT WILL BE PREPARED TO SHOW MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS WITHIN TIME FRAMES. A MANPOWER RESOURCES WILL BE REALLOCATED TO ACHIEVE SATISFACTORY PROJECT PERFORMANCE. THIS PROPOSED UNDERTAKING CUTS ACROSS MANY JURISDICITIONAL AREAS (PUBLIC AND PRIVATE) AND MANAGEMENT IS NEEDED TO SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE SUCCESS OF THIS PROJECT. /UMTA/ KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Governments KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223935 AU - Developmental Sciences, Incorporated TI - DYNAMICS OF A MODEL VEHICLE RUNNING ON AN IMPERFECT ELASTIC TRACK PY - 1971/02 AB - THEORETICAL ANALYSES OF BOTH LOGITUDINAL AND LATERAL DYNAMICS OF A SCALED MODEL SUBWAY VEHICLE WERE PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY DESIGN PARAMETERS AND THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIFFERENT SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND CONDITIONS. THE LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES ASSUMED BOTH RIGID AND ELASTIC TRACKAGE TO ESTIMATE CRITICAL SPEEDS. EFFECTS SUCH AS THE ECCENTRICITY OF THE WHEEL, TRACK IMPERFECTIONS, CURVATURE IN THE TRACK PLANE, AND THE COUPLING BETWEEN ROTARY AND TRANSLATION VIBRATION DUE TO ASYMMETRY OF THE CENTER OF GRAVITY WERE CONSIDERED IN THE ANALYSIS. LATERAL DYNAMICS WERE ALSO INVESTIGATED, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION FOCUSED UPON BOTH WHEEL SHIMMY, WHICH INVOLVED SOLID AND VISCOUS FRICTION, AND THE STABILITY OF THE "SNAKE" TYPE MOTION OF THE VEHICLE ON A RIGID IMPERFECT TRACK. ALL CRITICAL SPEEDS IN THE DYBAMIC ANALYSIS EXCEEDED THE MAXIMUM REQUIRED FOR NORMAL OPERATIONS OF SUBWAY VEHICLES (65+MILES PER HOUR). /UMTA/ KW - Curvature KW - Dynamic tests KW - Eccentricity KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Model tests KW - Overturning KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Speed KW - Vehicle design KW - Vibration KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241773 AU - Barnes, C W AU - Sacramento State College TI - CROSSTOWN LINE 9: AN EVALUATION OF A NEW ROUTE - INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 8 PY - 1971/01 AB - THE REPORT EVALUATES A NEW BUS ROUTE OPERATED BY THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY WHICH BEGAN SERVICE IN LATE 1968. CROSSTOWN LINE 9 WAS DRAWN TO INTERSECT WITH EXISTING RADIAL BUS TRANSIT AND THUS PROVIDE A LATERAL FEEDER SERVICE. THE NEW ROUTE WAS ALSO EXPECTED TO PROVIDE MASS TRANSIT AT SUCH IMPORTANT TRIP GENERATORS AS HOSPITALS AND CITY COLLEGES AND TO SERVE LOW INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS WHICH DID NOT PREVIOUSLY ENJOY EASY ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE A PROFILE OF PATRONS ON LINE 9, ANALYZE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POTENTIAL CROSSTOWN MARKET, AND TO EVALUATE THE SERVICE OVERALL. TWO BASIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES PROVIDED DATA FOR THE DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS: AN ON-BOARD BUS PASSENGER SURVEY AND A RANDOM SURVEY OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE POTENTIAL MARKET FOR CROSSTOWN SERVICE. SURVEY METHODOLOGY IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL; SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRES ARE ALSO REPRODUCED AS APPENDICES. THE MARKET CHARACTERISTICS REVEALED BY THE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY REPRESENTED A COMMON PROFILE OF LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS. IN ADDITION, THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT 95% OF BUS RIDERS IN THE AREA HAD TRIP ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS WITHIN 1/8 MILE OF THE BUS ROUTE, IN CONTRAST TO THE STANDARD ASSUMPTION THAT PATRONS WILL WALK 1/4 MILE TO A BUS STOP. ON-BOARD SURVEYS REVEALED THAT THE CROSSTOWN LINE WAS SUBSTANTIALLY MORE ATTRACTIVE TO CERTAIN SEGMENTS OF ITS MARKET THAN OTHERS. PASSENGERS WERE OVERWHELMINGLY YOUNG (44%), AND TENDED TO COME FROM THE LARGER AND/OR LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS. WORK TRIPS ON THE CROSSTOWN LINE WERE NOT SIGNIFICANT, BUT PERSONAL BUSINESS TRIPS RATED VERY HIGHLY. THE AUTHOR NOTES PARTICULARLY TRIPS TO HOSPITALS AND THE COUNTY WELFARE OFFICE, CONCLUDING THAT THE LINE SERVED TO LINK LOW INCOME NEIGHBORHOODS WITH THE HEALTH AND WELFARE SERVICE WHICH THEY NEED. ALSO OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE WAS OFF-PEAK PATRONAGE ON THE CROSSTOWN ROUTE WHICH COMPRISED AS MUCH AS 65% OF THE LINE'S TOTAL VOLUME. OVERALL, THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT WHILE PATRONAGE SHOWED STEADY INCREASES IN THE LINE'S FIRST TWO YEARS, ITS UTILIZATION RELATIVE TO THE WHOLE TRANSIT SYSTEM WAS VERY LOW. A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF ADVERTISING AND OTHER PROMOTIONAL EFFORTS TO ATTRACT RIDERS ON THE CROSSTOWN IS APPENDED TO THE GENERAL EVALUATION. THE SURVEY INDICATED THAT ONLY 15% OF THE NEW LINE'S PATRONS WERE ACTUALLY NEW TRANSIT RIDERS; MORE THAN 1/2 OF THE PASSENGERS SURVEYED WERE REGULAR TRANSIT USERS DIVERTED FROM OTHER ROUTES. ONE IN FOUR, HOWEVER, WAS BELIEVED TO BE MAKING GREATER USE OF MASS TRANSIT GENERALLY BECAUSE OF THE CROSSTOWN SERVICE. THE SURVEY ALSO INDICATED THAT THE MAJORITY OF PASSENGERS DID NOT USE THE CROSSTOWN AS A LATERAL FEEDER, AS THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY EXPECTED. THE PROFILE OF PASSENGERS WHO DID TRANSFER DIFFERED MARKEDLY FROM THE OVERALL RIDERSHIP PROFILE ON CROSSTOWN LINE 9. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Characteristics KW - Demographics KW - Hospitals KW - Low income groups KW - Modal split KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Route surveying KW - Transfers KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242115 AU - Architects Collaborative, Inc TI - FEASIBILITY OF MOVING WALKS/BOSTON--C: DESIGN PY - 1971/01 AB - THE REPORT SUMMARIZES COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN CRITERIA AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR A MOVING WAY SYSTEM IN THE BOSTON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM WILL EMPLOY A NETWORK OF CONTINUOUS, AUTOMATED BELTS FOR PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION THROUGHOUT A CENTRAL CITY AREA CURRENTLY SLATED FOR MAJOR REDEVELOPMENT. THE REPORT EXAMINES FEATURES OF THE CORRIDOR STUDY AREA WITH REFERENCE TO EXISTING FUNCTIONAL AREAS AND LAND USES, SUB-AREA DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, AND TRAFFIC. THE GENERAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION GIVEN TO PLANNING OBJECTIVES FOR VEHICLE AND PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION. THESE BASIC CONSIDERATIONS ARE THEN APPLIED TO EACH OF TWO CORRIDORS IN WHICH THE MOVING WAY SYSTEMS WILL BE LOCATED. ARCHITECTS' DRAWINGS OF THE PROPOSED CONFIGURATION ARE PROVIDED. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO BOTH PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE RESPECTIVE CORRIDORS AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS. CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, STRUCTURAL DESIGN, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ARE ALSO EXAMINED. THE REPORT DISCUSSES IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES WITH REFERENCE TO PHASING, COSTS, MAINTENANCE, LEGAL CONSTRAINTS, AND COORDINATION WITH THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT CONTAINS A DETAILED SUMMARY OF PROPOSED GRAPHICS FOR SIGNS, MAPS, AND OTHER INFORMATION AIDS. SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE GRAPHIC MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED WITH REFERENCE TO LETTERING, LOCATION ALONG THE ROUTE, TYPOGRAPHY, COLOR, AND MATERIALS. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES SPECIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE HANDICAPPED, VISUAL ASPECTS OF GRAPHICS DESIGN, SUMMARIES OF PRELIMINARY STUDIES, AND A PROPOSED SYSTEM ALIGNMENT CONFIGURATION. THE REPORT CONTAINS DETAILED AREA MAPS OF THE CORRIDORS WHICH LOCATE PROPOSED MOVING WAY ROUTES AS WELL AS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS OF STATIONS AND STRUCTURES. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Corridors KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Legal factors KW - Maintenance KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Pedestrians KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239519 AU - Ely, Bartlett, Brown & Proctor TI - FEASIBILITY OF MOVING WALKS/BOSTON--D:LEGAL PY - 1971/01 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MOVING WALKWAY FOR APPLICATION IN THE BOSTON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM WOULD EMPLOY CONTINUOUS CONVEYORS TO PROVIDE DISTRIBUTION-DELIVERY SERVICE WITHIN A HIGH-DENSITY PEDESTRIAN CORRIDOR AND IN CONJUNCTION WITH MASSIVE REDEVELOPMENT OF THE DOWNTOWN AREA. AUTHORITY TO CONSTRUCT NEW SYSTEMS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION MUST GENERALLY BE SOUGHT FROM THE STATE LEGISLATURE. STATUTES GRANTING SUCH MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY ARE PREMISED ON A CONCEPT OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY WHICH ALLOWS LOCAL GOVERNMENT ONLY THOSE POWERS SPECIFICALLY DELEGATED BY THE STATE. SEVERAL LEGAL PRECEDENTS UNDER WHICH STATUTORY POWER TO CONSTRUCT URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION (EG. THE BOSTON SUBWAY SYSTEM) WAS GRANTED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS LEGISLATURE ARE DOCUMENTED. THE REPORT ALSO PROVIDES A THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF EXISTING PROVISIONS AND PRECEDENTS UNDER WHICH ENABLING LEGISLATION FOR THE MOVING WALKWAY IMPLEMENTATION COULD BE ENACTED. PROPOSED LEGISLATION IS RECOMMENDED PRIMARILY TO CLARIFY THE EXISTING LAW WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE SYSTEM IN OPERATION ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO MAINTENANCE AND POTENTIAL LIABILITY, SECURITY AND SUPERVISION, REGULATION, AND PROPOSED EASEMENT. THE ANALYSIS GIVES PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE LITIGATION OF SUITS INSTITUTED BY PASSENGERS CLAIMING DAMAGES OR INJURY FROM DEFECTIVE SERVICE. RELEVANT PRECEDENTS ARE SUMMARIZED IN DETAIL, EMPHASIZING LIABILITIES INCURRED BY THE REDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND BY THE BELTWAY MANUFACTURER. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES THE NEED FOR ADEQUATE SUPERVISION OF THE SYSTEM TO GUARD AGAINST BOTH EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION AND POSSIBLE SECURITY PROBLEMS LEADING TO NEGLIGENCE SUITS. APPENDED MATERIAL DOCUMENTS SPECIFIC PASSAGES FROM THE LAW AND THE DRAFT OF A PROPOSED EASEMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Easements KW - Enabling legislation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Liabilities KW - Maintenance KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242097 AU - Boston Redevelopment Authority TI - FEASIBILITY OF MOVING WALKS/BOSTON: OVERVIEW PY - 1971/01 AB - A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW IS PRESENTED OF PLANNING, DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEM FOR THE BOSTON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE PURPOSE OF THE WALKWAY WILL BE TO SUPPLEMENT MASS TRANSPORTATION BY PROVIDING A CONVENIENT DISTRIBUTION-DELIVERY SYSTEM. THE PLANNING FRAMEWORK IS EXAMINED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO EXISTING PROBLEMS, GENERAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS, AND A PROPOSED MOVING WALKWAY CONFIGURATION. EXISTING AND PROJECTED TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS ARE ANALYZED TO YIELD MINIMUM DESIGN CAPACITY SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE MOVING WALKWAY. EXISTING PEDESTRIAN VOLUMES AND TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ARE ASSESSED WITHIN SELECTED HIGH-DENSITY CORRIDORS, AND USED TO ESTIMATE DEMAND FOR THE WALKWAY IN TWO SCENARIOS. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS FOCUS UPON THE RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF CONSTANT SPEED AND PASSENGER-ACCELERATING SYSTEMS. WALKWAY COMPONENTS, INCLUDING TREADWAYS, SUSPENSIONS, COMBPLATES, HANDRAILS, AND PROPULSION UNIT, ARE OUTLINED ALONG WITH A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT IN APPLICATION. SIX CONCEPTS OF THE ACCELERATING BELTWAY ARE ANALYZED IN DETAIL AND COMPARED AGAINST CONSTANT-SPEED SYSTEMS. ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS WHICH RESULT FROM EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS ARE DELINEATED ALONG WITH A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE CORRIDOR ITSELF, EMPHASIZING RIGHT-OF-WAY LOCATIONS, ALIGNMENT, ACCESS, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, AND OTHER RELEVANT FACTORS. LEGAL BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION (INCLUDING PROPOSED LEGISLATION), ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROJECT, AND COST ESTIMATES BROKEN DOWN FOR EACH PROPOSED SYSTEM ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Engineering KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Legal factors KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Pedestrians KW - Physical distribution KW - Speed KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242091 AU - Murray D Segal, Transp Consultant TI - FEASIBILITY OF MOVING WALKS/BOSTON-A: TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/01 AB - DETAILED STUDIES RELATING TO PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL WITHIN THE DEMONSTRATION CORRIDOR FOR A MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEM IN BOSTON ARE SUMMARIZED. THE MOVING WALK CONCEPT WAS DEVELOPED TO FUNCTION IN CONJUNCTION WITH PROPOSED MASSIVE REDEVELOPMENT OF THE BOSTON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND TO PROVIDE SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION-DELIVERY SERVICE FOR CONVENTIONAL MODES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. THREE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF THE WALKWAY IMPLEMENTATION WERE: (1) SEPARATION OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR MOVEMENTS; (2) PROVISION OF AN ALTERNATE PEDESTRIAN ACCESS MODE TO THE CORRIDOR TO REDUCE CONGESTION AT THE AREA'S NEAREST SUBWAY STATION; AND (3) REDUCTION OF TRAVEL TIMES WITHIN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT TO ENCOURAGE GREATER USE OF FRINGE PARKING FACILITIES. EXISTING PEDESTRIAN CHARACTERISTICS WERE IDENTIFIED THROUGH COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY PROCEDURES WHICH ARE DETAILED IN THE REPORT. MATERIAL COVERING PEDESTRIAN FLOW, HOURLY VARIATIONS, TRIP GENERATION, ORIGIN-DESTINATION PATTERNS, WALKING DISTANCES, AND MODAL SPLIT BY TRIP PURPOSE IS OUTLINED. THESE DATA WERE EMPLOYED TO SYNTHESIZE PROJECTED PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS AFTER REDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ALTER LAND USE IN THE DOWNTOWN CORRIDOR. SEVERAL GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ARE ADVANCED WHICH GENERALLY PERTAIN TO THE SPECIFIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FOR BOSTON. IT IS NOTED THAT PLANNED REDEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT WILL HAVE SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT UPON WALKWAY FEASIBILITY AND THAT WITHOUT THE PROPOSED CHANGES IN URBAN LAND USE, ESTIMATED DEMAND WILL BE INSUFFICIENT TO WARRANT CONSTRUCTION. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Land use KW - Modal split KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Surveys KW - Trip generation KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228257 AU - Pawa TI - WICHITA FALLS TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1971/01 AB - THE STUDY WAS MADE TO ANALYZE THE OPERATION OF THE EXISTING BUS SYSTEM, ESTIMATE POTENTIAL DEMAND, DEFINE AND EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS, AND DEVELOP AN ACTION PLAN. HOUSEHOLD AND ON-BOARD SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED OF USER AND NONUSER POPULATIONS TO DETERMINE SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, LEVEL OF TRANSIT SERVICE, EVALUATIONS OF SERVICE, AND ATTITUDES OF PATRONS. ON THE QUESTION OF PUBLIC OWNERSHIP THERE WAS NO STRONG BIAS AGAINST THE CITY'S TAKING OVER THE PRIVATE LINE SO LONG AS TAXES WERE NOT USED FOR SYSTEM OPERATION. AS ALMOST HALF OF ALL TRANSIT TRIPS WERE WORK TRIPS, A SURVEY OF EMPLOYMENT CENTERS WAS CONDUCTED THAT IDENTIFIED TWO MAJOR CENTERS NOT BEING SERVED BY BUS ROUTES. SYSTEM DEFINITION WAS BASED ON JUDGMENT THAT PUBLIC INVESTMENT AND/OR OENERSHIP WOULD BE REQUIRED. THE DEFINITION IS ACCOMPANIED BY A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONAL ALTERNATIVES. KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Level of service KW - Operations KW - Ownership KW - Public opinion KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118876 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242092 AU - Metro Transit Authority, Baltimore TI - BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM: PHASE 1 PLAN PY - 1971/01 AB - THIS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE SERVICE ALONG SIX RADIAL CORRIDORS OF THE REGION. ROUTES AND STATIONS WILL BE APPROXIMATELY 28 MILES IN LENGTH. THEY WILL SERVE THE NORTHWEST AND SOUTH CORRIDORS OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION, AND WILL EXTEND FROM OWINGS MILLS IN BALTIMORE COUNTY, THROUGH CHARLES CENTER TO A SOUTHERN TERMINUS AT A STATION SOUTH OF GLEN BURNIE, IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, WITH A BRANCH TO FRIENDSHIP AIRPORT. THE TWO LINES WILL INCLUDE TWENTY STATIONS, WITH THE CENTRAL STATION LOCATED AT CHARLES CENTER WHERE THE TWO LINES WILL INTERSECT. THE PHYSICAL ELEMENTS OF THE PLAN WILL INCLUDE SUCH FACILITIES AS STATIONS. LINE STRUCTURES, YARDS AND SHOPS, AN ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM, VENTILATING AND HEATING SYSTEMS, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM, AND SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM VEHICLES WILL BE STEEL WHEELED AND WILL OPERATE ON STEEL RAILS. THE TRAINS, WHICH WILL RUN AUTOMATICALLY, WILL OPERATE AT FOUR MINUTE FREQUENCIES THROUGHOUT MOST OF THE SYSTEM FOR THE PRIMARY DAILY SERVICE; MAXIMUM HEADWAYS OF FREQUENCIES WILL BE TEN MINUTES, AND SERVICE WILL BE PROVIDED TWENTY HOURS PER DAY. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN IS EXPECTED TO COVER THE PERIOD FROM ERALY 1971 TO LATE 1978. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT A TOTAL OF $656 MILLION WILL BE NECESSARY OVER THE EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME TO COMPLETE THE ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHASE I SYSTEM. TWO- THIRDS OF THE CAPITAL COST, $437 MILLION, IS EXPECTED TO BE PROVIDED BY FEDERAL GRANTS; THE REMAINING ONE-THIRD, $219 MILLION, IS EXPECTED TO BE SUPPORTED BY STATE FUNDS. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228280 AU - Research Services, Inc TI - BOULDER TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1971/01 AB - THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF AN OPINION STUDY CONDUCTED IN BOULDER, COLORADO; THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WAS TO EXAMINE RESIDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES IN THE BOULDER COMMUNITY. AMONG THE SPECIFIC AREAS OF INQUIRY THE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS DESIGNED TO EXAMINE WERE: (A) AWARENESS OF OR SENSITIVITY TO EXISTING FAMILY OR COMMUNITY TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS; (B) IMAGES OR IMPRESSIONS OF FOUR DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION MODES (BICYCLE, BUS, CAR, AND TAXI); (C) THE IMPACT OF POSSIBLE CHANGES IN POLICIES GOVERNING THE EXISTING BUS SERVICE; AND (D) REACTIONS TO THE POSSIBILITY OF A TAX-SUPPORTED COMMUNITY BUS SERVICE. THE SURVEY'S 425 ADULT HOUSEHOLDER RESPONDENTS WERE SELECTED AT RANDOM BY MEANS OF AN AREA OR PROBABILITY- TYPE SAMPLE. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY DOCUMENT THE LIMITED DEGREE TO WHICH BOULDER, COLORADO HOUSEHOLDS USE THE CITY'S BUS SERVICE: NEARLY HALF (49%) REPORTED NO USAGE IN SIX MONTHS; ALMOST ONE IN FOUR (23%) INDICATED THAT ALL THE PEOPLE LIVING IN THEIR HOMES HAVE GENERATED AN AVERAGE OF LESS THAN ONE TRIP PER MONTH (SIX TOTAL HOUSEHOLD TRIPS) IN SIX MONTHS. THE QUESTIONNAIRE USED IN THIS STUDY IS APPENDED TO THE REPORT. ALSO, THE RESULTS OF THE INQUIRIES INTO THE SPECIFIC COMMUNITY ATTITUDES TOWARD THE DIFFERENT SUBJECTS, MENTIONED EARLIER IN THIS ABSTRACT, ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Data collection KW - Gender KW - Private transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242112 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall AU - Midwest Planning & Research TI - TRANSIT OPTIONS FOR THE TWIN CITIES METROPOLITAN REGION PY - 1971/01 AB - A DEPARTURE FROM THE ESSENTIALLY SINGLE-MODE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN USE TODAY IS REQUIRED TO REALISTICALLY MEET THE CHALLENGE OF FUTURE MOBILITY REQUIREMENTS. JUST AS THE AUTOMOBILE CANNOT MEET ALL THE MOBILITY REQUIREMENTS, NEITHER CAN A SINGLE TRANSIT MODE; THEREFORE, A TRANSIT SERVICE CONCEPT BASED UPON A "FAMILY OF VEHICLES" OFFERS THE ONLY REALISTIC APPROACH TO A TRULY REGIONAL SYSTEM. IN SUCH AN APPROACH, VEHICLES AND SERVICE CONCEPTS CAN BE TAILORED TO THE NEEDS OF THE TRIP TO BE MADE AND THE CHARACTER OF THE AREA SERVED; SERVICES PROVIDED UNDER THIS CONCEPT INCLUDE: COLLECTION-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS FOR RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS, PROVIDING LOCAL BUS SERVICE AND CONVENIENT ACCESS TO A REGIONAL FAST LINK SYSTEM; A FAST LINK REGIONAL SYSTEM FOR LONGER TRIPS, EMPLOYING BOTH EXPRESS BUSES AND FIXED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS AS APPROPRIATE; AND COLLECTION-DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS FOR USE IN HIGH ACTIVITY AREAS, PROVIDING INTERNAL CIRCULATION SERVICE AND ACCESS TO FAST LINK TERMINALS. TRANSIT EQUIPMENT USED IN THESE SYSTEMS COULD INCLUDE BUSES OF VARIOUS SIZES OPERATING ON BOTH SCHEDULED ROUTES AND IN A DEMAND-RESPONSIVE MODE (DIAL-A- RIDE), AUTOMATED VEHICLE SYSTEMS WITH SIZE AND SPEED CAPABILITIES APPROPRIATE TO THE APPLICATION, AND VARIOUS "PEOPLE-MOVER" SYSTEMS. MAJOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS MUST PRODUCE A REASONABLE RETURN ON THE LARGE INVESTMENT REQUIRED, TO BE JUSTIFIABLE IN CONTEXT WITH OTHER DESIRABLE AN NECESSARY PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REGION; THESE RETURNS MAY BE IN THE FORM OF ECONOMIC BENEFITS, BUT OF AT LEAST EQUAL IMPORTANCE ARE THE ESSENTIALLY SOCIAL BENEFITS OFFERED BY IMPROVED MOBILITY. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Express buses KW - Feeder services KW - Guideways KW - Paratransit services KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Social factors KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228234 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - SHORT-RANGE MASS TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1971/01 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO SURVEY AND ANALYZE THE PRESENT TRANSIT SYSTEMS OPERATING IN BROOKE AND HANCOCK COUNTIES, WEST VIRGINIA, AND JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO, THEIR URBAN AREAS, AND CONNECTING CORRIDORS TO DETERMINE HOW THEY MIGHT BE AIDED IN CONTINUING AND IMPROVING THEIR SERVICES. FIVE TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA WERE EXAMINED TO DETERMINE LEVELS OF SERVICE, RIDERSHIP, FARES, REVENUE, AND OPERATIONAL EXPENSES. AN ON-SITE SURVEY WAS MADE OF EVERY COMMUNITY IN THE STUDY AREA. ALL BUS ROUTES WERE TRAVERSED AND, IN ADDITION, ALL HOUSING AREAS WERE SURVEYED TO ASCERTAIN IF THEY HAD BEEN OVERLOOKED WHEN THE ROUTE WAS ESTABLISHED, OR IF THEY COULD QUALIFY FOR AN EXTENSION OF BUS SERVICE. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT THE CITY OF WEIRTON, WEST VIRGINIA PURCHASE EIGHT NEW DIESEL BUSES AND THE OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION OF THE LOCAL TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE CITY OF STEUBENVILLE SHOULD ACQUIRE, WITH U. S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE, FIVE NEW BUSES OF LARGER CAPACITY AND SHOULD BUILD ADEQUATE MODERN GARAGE FACILITIES FOR ITS TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE TWO TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN WHEELING SHOULD MERGE; THE CITY OF WHEELING OR A NONPROFIT CORPORATION WOULD ACQUIRE BOTH COMPANIES AND PUT THEM UNDER A SINGLE MANAGEMENT. WHEELING SHOULD ALSO ACQUIRE 30 NEW BUSES. /UMTA/ KW - Fares KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Travel patterns KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242116 AU - Twin Cities Area Metropolitan Transit Commission TI - TRANSIT IN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1971/01 AB - A SYSTEMS CONCEPT PLAN, DEVELOPED FOR THE TWIN CITIES METROPOLITAN AREA, IS BASED ON A "FAMILY OF VEHICLES" CONCEPT APPLIED TO THE MAJOR DIVERSIFIED CENTERS SCHEME FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA. VEHICLES OPERATING ON FIXED GUIDEWAYS OR SEPARATE BUSWAYS WOULD PROVIDE FAST LINK SERVICE BETWEEN THE TWO CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS AND IN THE CORRIDORS BETWEEN THESE TWO DOWNTOWN AREAS AND THE MORE DEVELOPED MAJOR CENTERS. THE REMAINDER OF THE MAJOR CENTERS WOULD BE SERVED BY EXPRESS BUSES OPERATING IN MIXED TRAFFIC. MOVEMENT BETWEEN THE OUTLYING CENTERS WOULD BE BY EXPRESS BUS OR LOCAL SERVICE ON CIRCUMFERENTIAL ROUTES, WITH VEHICLE TYPE AND SIZE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF SERVICE DEMAND. SUPPLEMENTARY AND TRIBUTARY TO THIS FRAMEWORK OF FAST LINK SERVICES WOULD BE THE FEEDER AND LOCAL BUS SYSTEMS, PEOPLE-MOVERS FOR THE CIRCULATION WITHIN THE CENTERS, AND DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICES. THE ASSIGNMENT OF PRIORITIES IN DISTRIBUTING SERVICE AND FUNDS GEOGRAPHICALLY IS CRITICAL; A CAREFUL BALANCE MUST BE MAINTAINED SO THAT SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS ARE EQUITABLY DISTRIBUTED. THE AUTHOR FEELS THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FAST LINK GUIDEWAY NETWORK SHOULD NOT BE PERMITTED TO STARVE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CIRCULATION IN THE AREAS OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OR THE CONTINUED IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTING BUS SERVICE. FAST LINK AND OTHER SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS, HE FEELS, SHOULD NOT BE PROGRAMMED ON THE BASIS OF PATRONAGE ALONE, BUT RATHER SHOULD REFLECT CONSIDERATION OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES AND SHOULD RELATE TRANSIT TO THE REGION'S OTHER PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES WHICH REQUIRE MAJOR INVESTMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Environment KW - Express buses KW - Guideways KW - Highway planning KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00236426 AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY COMPONENTS, SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH--INTERIM REPORT: NOVEMBER, 1970-JANUARY, 1971 PY - 1971/01 AB - STATE-OF-THE-ART DESIGNS AND DATA ON THE AERODYNAMIC AND THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OF SUBWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED AS A PRELIMINARY STEP IN A PROPOSED MODEL-TESTING PROGRAM TO DEVELOP COMPREHENSIVE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN CRITERIA. THE ANALYSIS IS LIMITED TO SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY SYSTEMS, AND ATTENTION IS FOCUSED UPON FOUR MAJOR COMPONENTS: (1) MID-TUNNEL VENTS AND BLAST SHAFTS; (2) STATIONS; (3) VEHICLES; AND (4) TUNNELS. FIVE VENT SHAFT DESIGNS, INCLUDING BOTH MID-TUNNEL AND BLAST-TYPE SHAFTS DEVELOPED FOR TRANSIT PROPERTIES IN SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO, LOS ANGELES, AND WASHINGTON, D.C., WERE SELECTED AS REPRESENTATIVE STATE-OF-THE-ART. TWO BASIC DESIGN COMPONENTS, THE VENT SHAFT PROPER AND THE INLET, ARE EXAMINED SEPARATELY; AND DIAGRAMS AND ALL RELEVANT DATA OF EACH DESIGN ARE PRESENTED. STATISTICAL PARAMETERS FOR SINGLE-TRACK STATIONS ARE ALSO DEVELOPED WITH REFERENCE TO DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND RESISTENCE TO FLUID FLOW. AN ESCALATOR OR STAIRWELL ARRANGEMENT IS ALSO EXAMINED. VEHICLE DATA WERE DERIVED FROM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BART (BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT) CAR WHICH MOST CLOSELY RESEMBLED THE CYLINDRICAL MODELS USED IN EARLIER AERODYNAMIC TESTS. PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS OF THE VEHICLE ARE EXAMINED IN DETAIL. DATA FOR TUNNELS CONSTRUCTED OF CONCRETE OR STEEL IS ALSO PROVIDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Design KW - Escalators KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Single track KW - Single-track tunnels KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Thermodynamics KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems KW - Vents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/125206 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242041 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority TI - SEPACT II FINAL REPORT: A STUDY OF THE 1975 COMMUTER RAILROAD SYSTEM IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA METROPOLITAN REGION PY - 1971/01 AB - PRESENT COMMUTER RAILROAD LINES ARE OPERATED BY THE PENN CENTRAL COMPANY AND THE READING COMPANY UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY. THE GENERAL TERMS OF THE AGREEMENTS BETWEEN SEPTA AND EACH RAILROAD COVER: (1) FARE STRUCTURE, (2) ON-TIME PERFORMANCE, (3) EQUIPMENT AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION, (4) CAR CLEANLINESS, (5) STATION MAINTENANCE AND CLEANLINESS, (6) PARKING FACILITY MAINTENANCE, (7) MANAGEMENT COMPUTER OPERATIONS, AND (8) ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS. AN ACTION PROGRAM IS DEVELOPED TO MAXIMIZE RAIL PATRONAGE, PRINCIPALLY BY INCREASING THE ATTRACTIONS OF COMMUTER RAIL TRAVEL COMPARED TO AUTOMOBILE TRAVEL AND THEREBY INCREASING THE ABSOLUTE NUMBER AND THE PROPORTION OF TRIPS MADE BY RAIL. TO THE EXTENT THAT THE NUMBER OF PEAK PERIOD TRAINS PERMITS, ZONE SCHEDULING IS RECOMMENDED. THIS CONCEPT INVOLVES DIVISION OF A PARTICULAR LINE INTO ZONES OR GROUPS OF CONSECUTIVE STATIONS, WITH EACH TRAIN SERVING SUBSTANTIALLY ONLY ONE ZONE. DIRECT SERVICE BETWEEN DOWNTOWN PHILADELPHIA AND EACH ZONE WOULD THUS BE PROVIDED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Commuters KW - Contracts KW - Fares KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Management KW - Parking KW - Peak fares KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132068 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044192 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority TI - SEPACT II FINAL REPORT: A STUDY OF THE 1975 COMMUTER RAILROAD SYSTEM IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA METROPOLITAN REGION PY - 1971/01 AB - Present commuter railroad lines are operated by the Penn Central Company and the Reading Company under agreements with the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. The general terms of the agreements between Septa and each railroad cover: (1) fare structure, (2) on-time performance, (3) equipment availability and utilization, (4) car cleanliness, (5) station maintenance and cleanliness, (6) parking facility maintenance, (7) management computer operations, and (8) advertising and public relations. An action program is developed to maximize rail patronage, principally by increasing the attractions of commuter rail travel compared to automobile travel and thereby increasing the absolute number and the proportion of trips made by rail. To the extent that the number of peak period trains permits, zone scheduling is recommended. This concept involves division of a particular line into zones or goups of consecutive stations, with each train serving substantially only one zone. Direct service between downtown Philadelphia and each zone would thus be provided. KW - Commuter service KW - Penn Central Transportation Company KW - Reading company KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242043 AU - Roos, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM FEASIBILITY PY - 1971/01 AB - THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, WHICH EMPLOYS A FLEET OF SMALL-BUS VEHICLES ROUTED BY A DIGITAL COMPUTER IN ACCORDANCE WITH CUSTOMER REQUESTS, CONDUCTED A STUDY FOCUSED UPON BOTH TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL FACTORS TO DEMONSTRATE THE FEASIBILITY OF A DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM. COMPUTER-BASED SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS WERE DEVELOPED FOR GENERALIZED MANY- TO-MANY (I.E. MANY ORIGINS TO MANY DESTINATIONS) DIAL-A-BUS SERVICE. THE REPORT EVALUATES PERFORMANCE OF THESE ALGORITHMS UNDER A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT OPERATING CONDITIONS. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO THE INSERTION OF NEW DEMANDS ON ANY IMMEDIATE ROUTE WITHOUT VIOLATING SERVICE GUARANTEES TO EXISTING DEMANDS. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY, INCLUDING: DEMAND DENSITY, SERVICE AREA SIZE, AND LEVEL OF SERVICE. FOUR PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF THE DIAL-A-BUS WERE DEFINED AND ANALYZED. THESE ARE: (1) CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION TO ENABLE PATRONS TO REQUEST SERVICE; (2) VEHICLE COMMUNICATION TO ENABLE VEHICLE DRIVERS TO RECEIVE SCHEDULING INSTRUCTIONS; (3) VEHICLES; AND (4) THE COMPUTER. ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR VEHICLE SELECTION, SUCH AS COST PER UNIT AND SEATING CAPACITY, ARE OUTLINED BRIEFLY. A WIDE VARIETY OF OPTIONS WERE IDENTIFIED CONCERNING THE COMPUTER, ALL WITHIN GENERAL PERFORMANCE, RELIABILITY, AND COST REQUIREMENTS. OPERATING COSTS OF THE SYSTEM ARE ESTIMATED AND BROKEN DOWN BY SYSTEM COMPONENTS. FINALLY, THE APPLICATION OF DIAL-A-BUS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION IS ANALYZED. TWO AREAS IN WHICH THE SYSTEM MAY BE OF PARTICULAR UTILITY ARE: (1) AS A FEEDER SYSTEM FOR REGULAR LINEHAUL TRANSIT, AND (2) AS A COMPLETE TRANSIT SERVICE IN AREAS THAT CANNOT OTHERWISE JUSTIFY CONVENTIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Communications KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Information processing KW - Paratransit services KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240152 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - TRI-CITY TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY: ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL BUS AND PUBLIC TRANSIT CONSOLIDATION FEASIBILITY PY - 1971/01 AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE EXAMINATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR REALIZING THE COMBINATION OF ONE OF FOUR ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC TRANSIT PLANS FOR THE TRI-CITY AREA AND THE SCHOOL BUS TRANSIT; THE FINDINGS OF THE EXAMINATION DISCLOSE SEVERAL FACTORS WHICH WILL SEVERELY LIMIT EFFECTIVE INTEGRATION OF TRANSIT SERVICES. NONE OF THE ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC TRANSIT PLANS ARE SUFFICIENTLY BROAD TO PROVIDE ENOUGH BUSES TO HANDLE ALL SCHOOL CHILDREN NOW CARRIED IN SCHOOL BUSES. ALSO, THE PUBLIC SYSTEM COST WOULD EXCEED THE PRESENT COSTS INCURRED BY THE SCHOOL DISTRICTS SINCE THE DISTRICTS OPERATE SCHOOL BUSES AT LOWER COST PER MILE THAN A PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM COULD. CAPITAL COSTS FOR A SCHOOL BUS OF 65-79 PASSENGER CAPACITY ARE COMPARABLE TO THOSE FOR A 35-45 PASSENGER TRANSIT COACH; IT WOULD REQUIRE A SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER INVESTMENT TO PROVIDE EQUIVALENT SEATING CAPACITY IF PBLLIC TRANSIT COACHES ARE TO SUBSTITUTE FOR SCHOOL BUSES. CONSOLIDATION OF THE TRANSIT OPERATIONS WOULD PROBABLY LEAD TO UNIONIZATION OF DRIVERS (WITH GUARANTEED FULL-DAY PAYMENTS FOR PART-TIME WORK AND FRINGE BENEFITS); THESE ADDED COSTS WOULD EXCEED POSSIBLE OPERATING ECONOMIES WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE BE REALIZED. OVER ONE-HALF OF BUS TRANSPORTED PUPILS ARE IN KINDERGARTEN THROUGH SIXTH GRADES; THESE YOUNGSTERS CANNOT BE REASONABLE CARRIED ON THE PUBLIC SYSTEM BECAUSE OF SAFETY HAZARDS. WHILE BROAD REPLACEMENT OR SUBSTITUTION OF SCHOOL BUS SERVICE WITH PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE IS NOT POSSIBLE, THE AUTHOR POINTS OUT THE NEED FOR A POLICY WHICH STRESSES CLOSE COORDINATION AND COOPERATION BETWEEN PUBLIC TRANSIT AND SCHOOL BUS OPERATORS; THROUGH SUCH A POLICY, EVERY OPPORTUNITY SHOULD BE EXPLORED TO COORDINATE SERVICES, OPTIMIZE EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY, AND CAPITALIZE UPON ALL POSSIBLE ECONOMIES. /UMTA/ KW - Adolescents KW - Budgeting KW - Bus transportation KW - Management KW - Minors KW - Safety KW - School buses KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241972 AU - Metro Planning Comm-kansas City Regon TI - TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN: COST ESTIMATES AND SITE SELECTION PY - 1971/01 AB - CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATES ARE PRESENTED FOR THE ERECTION OF A TRANSIT BUILDING COMPLEX FOR THE KANSAS CITY REGION, AS PROJECTED BY THE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. THE STUDY ALSO OUTLINES THE COSTS OF ACQUIRING THE ADDITIONAL ROLLING STOCK NEEDED. BASED ON A PRELIMINARY ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF A TRANSIT CENTER WHICH WOULD CONSIST OF A GARAGE, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR FACILITIES, ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES, AND ACCOMMODATIONS FOR BUS OPERATORS, BROAD GENERALIZED ESTIMATES WERE MADE OF THE PROBABLE COST OF CONSTRUCTING SUCH A BUILDING GROUP UNDER 1970-1971 PRICE LEVELS. UNDER EXISTING FEDERAL LEGISLATION, TWO-THIRDS OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND SITE ACQUISITION COSTS WOULD BE COVERED BY A CAPITAL GRANT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. IN ADDITION TO THE SOURCES OF TAXATION DISCUSSED IN A PREVIOUS REPORT, AN ELECTIVE UTILITY SURCHARGE MAY BE CONSIDERED ON A CONNECTION BASIS. DIFFERENTIAL RATES WOULD APPLY TO RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL USERS. FOR EXAMPLE, A MONTLY SURCHARGE OF $1.25 ON THE COMMERCIAL ACCOUNTS OF THE KANSAS CITY POWER & LIGHT COMPANY'S 210,000 CUSTOMERS WOULD PRODUCE AN INCOME OF $3.2 MILLION ANNUALLY. THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS THE KANSAS CITY AREA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY'S RESPONSE TO THREE QUESTIONS RAISED BY THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATIKON AUTHORITY CONCERNING THE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PLAN, WITH RESPECT TO DIFFERENTIAL STAGING AND PRIORITIES, MINI-BUS RIDERSHIP LEVEL, AND THE RATE OF REPLACEMENT OF ROLLING STOCK. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Revenues KW - Site investigation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242096 AU - United Engineers & Constructors TI - FEASIBILITY OF MOVING WALKS/BOSTON--B: ENGINEERING PY - 1971/01 AB - ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR A PROPOSED MOVING WAY SYSTEM IN THE BOSTON CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ARE DISCUSSED. SIX SPECIFIC DESIGN CONFIGURATIONS WERE ANALYZED AND AN OPTIMAL NETWORK CONCEPT WAS RECOMMENDED USING THE MULTIPLE BELT APPROACH. THIS SYSTEM EMPLOYS A SERIES OF MOVING BELTS IN LINEAR ARRAY EACH TURNING AT A RELATIVELY FASTER SPEED THAN THE ONE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING. RELATIVE COST DIFFERENCES AMONG THE SIX ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS ARE DETAILED, ALONG WITH A BREAKDOWN OF PROJECTED EXPENSES FOR IMPLEMENTATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE MOVING WAY ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTING, STATIONS AND TRANSFER POINTS, POWER DISTRIBUTION, AND MAINTENANCE. CORRELATION OF THE RECOMMENDED CONCEPT WITHIN THE GENERAL PLANNING FRAMEWORK OF THE BOSTON REDEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IS ALSO EXAMINED. STATE-OF-THE-ART IN CONVEYOR DESIGN AND ENGINEERING IS EXAMINED IN ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS: PRESENT MANUFACTURERS, CAPACITY, ACCESS, SPEED, ACCELERATION, PASSENGER STABILIZERS, PROPULSION AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS, RIDE QUALITY, OVERALL SPECIFICATIONS, NOISE AND VIBRATION LEVELS, CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL RELIABILITY, GUIDEWAY PROTECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS. THE ANALYSIS ALSO FOCUSES ON THE HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON HUMAN ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS, HUMAN TOLERANCES TO ACCELERATION AND VIBRATION, AND EVALUATIVE MODELS. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH DETAILED CITATIONS FROM INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY SAFETY CODES PERTINENT TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MOVING WAY SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Engineering KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Laws KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242063 AU - Developmental Sciences, Incorporated TI - VENT AND STATION TEST (VST) FACILITY DESIGN PY - 1971/01 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR A SUBWAY VENT SHAFT AND STATION TEST (VST) FACILITY. THE VST FACILITY WILL PROVIDE THE MATERIAL REQUIRED TO CHARACTERIZE THE AIRFLOW PROPERTIES IN SUBWAY VENT SHAFTS, TRANSITION SECTIONS, AND STATIONS IN TERMS OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS. ANALYTICAL FACTORS ARE DISCUSSED FOR EACH OF THE THREE SYSTEM COMPONENTS TO BE STUDIED. RELEVANT CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETES AND THE FUNCTIONAL FORM OF THEIR MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE ARE DEFINED. THE GENERAL VST CONFIGURATION CONSISTS OF A 120 CU. FT. PLENUM BOX ATTACHED TO ONE END OF A TEN-FOOT TUBE. VARIOUS COMPONENT GEOMETRIES ARE CALIBRATED; ULTIMATELY, THE VST FACILITY WILL GENERATE PERFORMANCE CURVES FOR A WIDE RANGE OF REPLICA VENT SHAFT DESIGNS. APPENDED MATERIAL CONTAINS CALCULATION PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE STRAIGHT-THROUGH LOSS COEFFICIENTS, DETAILED SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATIONS OF VST DESIGN, BLOWER REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VENT SHAFT AND STATION EVALUATION. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Design KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Subways KW - Test facilities KW - Ventilation systems KW - Vents UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241987 AU - Hill, Carroll V & Assoc TI - TRANSPORTATION STUDY - A PART OF THE MASS TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM FOR EAST LIVERPOOL AND ENVIRONS PY - 1971/01 AB - THE EXISTING RADIAL STREET NETWORK LACKS ADEQUATE CROSSTOWN LINKAGES, WHICH CREATES UNDESIRABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF TRAFFIC IN THE CBD. A STUDY WAS MADE OF POPULATION AND TRIP-GENERATION CHARACTERISTICS, MODAL SPLIT, OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE FEATURES OF THE BUS SERVICE, AND ANCILLARY TRANSIT OPERATIONS. SEVERAL SURVEYS WERE MADE OF HOUSEHOLDS AND BUS PASSENGERS. FOUR ALTERNATIVE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING CONFIGURATIONS ARE PRESENTED THAT MORE CLOSELY CONFORM TO PASSENGER DEMAND AND PROJECTED TRIP-MAKING PATTERNS, AND A MASS TRANSIT PLAN IS RECOMMENDED AND EXAMINED IN DETAIL. THE FEASIBILITY OF INSTITUTING CUSTOMIZED BUS OPERATIONS TO SERVE MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS AND TO DELIVER PARCELS IS EXPLORED. CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOL BUS SERVICES WITH THE PUBLIC TRANSIT NETWORK IS NOT RECOMMENDED. FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR THE TRANSIT SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED BRIEFLY. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH BRIEF DISCUSSIONS OF VEHICLE- SELECTION CRITERIA, OPTIMAL FARE STRUCTURE, VEHICLE- UTILIZATION SCHEDULES, AND COST BREAKDOWNS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDED PROGRAM. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Modal split KW - Networks KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Traffic assignment KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242105 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - MASS TRANSIT OPERATIONS: SHREVEPORT/BOSSIER CITY PY - 1971/01 AB - THE EXISTING SYSTEM OF REGULAR INTRACITY BUS SERVICE IS CHARACTERIZED BY A COMMON PROFILE OF DECLINING RIDERSHIP AND RISING COSTS WHICH CANNOT BE MET BY FAREBOX REVENUES ALONE. THE REPORT, WHOSE PURPOSE WAS TO EXAMINE PRESENT OPERATIONS AND SYNTHESIZE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING MANAGEMENT AND SERVICE, BEGINS WITH A DETAILED INVENTORY AND OVERVIEW OF THE SHREVEPORT TRANSIT COMPANY IN RESPECT TO FRANCHISE RIGHTS, UNION CONTRACT PROVISIONS, ROUTES AND SCHEDULING EQUIPMENT, RIDERSHIP LEVELS, CURRENT FARE STRUCTURE, COSTS AND REVENUES, AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT. EXISTING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ARE ADEQUATE, BUT RIDERSHIP HAS DECLINED DRAMATICALLY IN RECENT YEARS. A 67% DROP IN OVERALL PATRONAGE WAS RECORDED BETWEEN 1960 AND 1969. IN ADDITION, OPERATING EXPENSES HAVE RISEN DESPITE SERVICE REDUCTIONS AND A FARE HIKE. SUCH CONVENTIONAL MEASURES AS PURCHASES OF NEW ROLLING STOCK, FARE INCREASES, SERVICE ALTERATIONS, OR PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES CANNOT APPRECIABLY REDRESS THIS DECLINE. HOWEVER, CONTINUED MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES ARE DESIRABLE BOTH TO PROMOTE THE ECONOMICAL VITALITY OF LOCAL COMMERCIAL CENTERS AND TO PROVIDE MOBILITY FOR PERSONS WHO OTHERWISE LACK ACCESS TO AN AUTOMOBILE. SEVERAL SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ADVANCED TO MAINTAIN THE MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. WITH REFERENCE TO MANAGEMENT, CREATION OF A REGIONAL-BASED PUBLIC AGENCY TO ACQUIRE AND OPERATE THE EXISTING SYSTEM IS ADVOCATED. THE AGENCY WOULD PARTICIPATE IN FEDERAL TRANSIT ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND EMPLOY SPECIAL TAX REVENUES TO SUBSIDIZE DEFICIT OPERATIONS. THE REPORT DOES NOT RECOMMEND CHANGES IN THE BASIC ROUTING NETWORK, BUT SUGGESTS THAT ROUTES CONVERGE ON A CENTRAL POINT TO FACILITATE TRANSFERS. SOME SCHEDULING AND PROMOTIONAL CHANGES ARE ALSO DISCUSSED TO GIVE THE SYSTEM A "NEW LOOK." THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A BRIEF COMPARATIVE DISCUSSION OF BUS TRANSIT IN OTHER CITIES, PARTICULARLY IN WISCONSIN AND BINGHAMTON, N. Y. THE ANALYSIS INCLUDES A TABLE COMPARING FINANCIAL DATA, OPERATING STATISTICS, AND SELECTED RATIOS (E.G., PASSENGERS PER 100 MILES OF THE SHREVEPORT TRANSIT COMPANY AND NINE OTHER SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Ownership KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070606 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Tracked air cushion vehicle (TACV) demonstration between; I-495 and Dulles International Airport, Washington : environmental impact statement PY - 1971///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814847 AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area TI - I-35W URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT : BUS-METERED FREEWAY SYSTEM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1971 SP - ix, 163 p. AB - This final report presents recommendations for proceeding with the development of the Bus-Metered Freeway System in the I-35W Corridor in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area . The system involves combining a freeway surveillance and control system with a freeway express bus system. The report first gives an inventory of the transportation condition of the I-35W corridor. This is followed by descriptions of the surveillance and control system, the transit service plan, and the marketing plans. A cost benefit analysis and implementation summary are also included. KW - Bus lanes KW - Freeway management systems KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239502 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - SOUTHWARD TRANSIT AREA COORDINATION STUDY PY - 1971 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE THE TECHNICAL BASIS FOR A SHORT-RANGE PROGRAM OF COORDINATED BUS AND RAIL MASS TRANSPORTATION FOR THE SOUTH SIDE OF CHICAGO, SOUTH SUBURBAN AREAS IN BOTH ILLINOIS AND INDIANA, AND THE CHICAGO CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD). A TRANSIT RIDERSHIP SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED ON ALL MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES SERVING THE STUDY AREA TO DETERMINE THE VOLUME AND TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS OF MASS TRANSIT RIDERS. THE SURVEY PROVIDES INFORMATION ON THE TRANSIT MODE SELECTED FOR WORK TRIPS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKERS HAVING COMMON ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS BUT TRAVELING IN DIFFERENT MODES. FACTORS STUDIED WERE: PEAK MORNING WORK TRIPS, TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUTER RAIL AND SURFACE BUS TRIPS, HOURLY PATTERNS AND FACTORS, TRIP PURPOSE AND OCCUPANTIONS OF RIDERS, SERVICE AREAS, CHICAGO CBD VERSUS OTHER DESTINATIONS, AND THE PRINCIPAL CBD DESTINATIONS OF RIDERS. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA WERE EXAMINED TO RPOVIDE A BASIS FOR EVALUATING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES SERVING THE AREA. A RESUME OF CURRENT RIDERSHIP TRENDS, TOGETHER WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF EXISTING OPERATIONAL AND FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS, IS PRESENTED FOR EACH OF THE 10 TRANSPORTATION CARRIERS, INCLUDING FIVE RAILROADS, FOUR BUS CARRIERS, AND THE CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY. THE STAC STUDY DEVELOPED PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS, BY MEANS OF A MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS, TO ESTIMATE ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS OF PASSENGERS, AND TO IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TRANSIT RIDERSHIP, THE LEVEL OF TRANSIT SERVICE PROVIDED, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Employment KW - Financing KW - Low income groups KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Modal split KW - Peak fares KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131276 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241993 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS - VOLUME II: ROUTES AND SERVICE PY - 1971 AB - ANALYSIS OF THE BUS ROUTES OF THE UTICA TRANSIT COMMISSION BEGAN WITH A REVIEW OF ALL AVAILABLE DATA ON PATRONAGE OF THE INDIVIDUAL ROUTES, TRANSFER PATTERNS, AND PEAKING CHARACTERISTICS. A SECOND AREA OF INQUIRY WAS THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF EACH ROUTE. ANOTHER ELEMENT IN THE ANALYSIS WAS PERSONAL OBSERVATION OBTAINED BY RIDING THE BUSES. THE TRANSIT ROUTES WERE RELATED TO COMMUNITY NEEDS THROUGH A REVIEW OF POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AND OF PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT. WEEKDAY BUS SERVICE IN UTICA IS OPERATED OVER 15 ROUTES, TWO OF WHICH PROVIDE ONLY RUSH HOUR SERVICE, WHILE 10 OTHERS DISCONTINUE SERVICE AFTER THE AFTERNOON PEAK. A REVIEW OF THE PRESENT ROUTES OF THE SYSTEM INDICATED SEVERAL AREAS WHERE ROUTE CONSOLIDATION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED. ANOTHER MEANS OF REDUCING OPERATING COSTS WOULD BE TO ADJUST SERVICE FREQUENCIES ON PRESENT ROUTES WHERE JUSTIFIED, COUPLED WITH ELIMINATION OF EXCESSIVE LAYOVER TIME. THE OPERATING SCHEDULES OF A MAJORITY OF THE ROUTES OPERATED BY THE COMMISSION HAVE BEEN PREPARED TO ALLOW SEVERAL ROUTES TO OPERATE IN COMBINATION BY MEANS OF THROUGH-ROUTING ONE BUS ON THREE ROUTES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Coordination KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227365 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - BLUE STREAK BUS RAPID TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT -- PHASE I: INTERIM REPORT PY - 1971 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE REPORT IS TO OUTLINE INITIAL SURVEY DATA AND PROVIDE A PROJECT OVERVIEW FOR LATER COMPARISONS WITH LONG-RANGE RIDERSHIP INFORMATION. THE BLUE STREAK PLANNING PROCESS AND THE ROLES PLAYED BY DIFFERENT PARTICIPANTS ARE DISCUSSED BRIEFLY. THE PHASE I ANALYSIS CONTAINS DATA ON RIDERSHIP, MODAL SPLIT, AND TRAFFIC VOLUME BY TIME OF DAY AFTER COMMENCEMENT OF EXPRESS BUS SERVICE. SURVEY PROCEDURES ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL; BASICALLY, DATA WAS COLLECTED AT TWO "SCREENLINE" POINTS ALONG THE ROUTE. THESE WERE TERMINAL BUS STOPS IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND BRIDGE CROSSINGS OVER THE LAKE WASHINGTON SHIP CANAL WHICH RUN PERPENDICULAR TO BLUE STREAK ROUTES. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT COVERS AVERAGE SPEEDS ALONG DIFFERENT SEGMENTS OF THE FREEWAY NETWORK, TRAFFIC VOLUME ON SELECTED DOWNTOWN ACCESS RAMPS, TRAVEL TIME FROM SELECTED TRIP GENERATORS, AN ORIGIN-DESTINATION SURVEY, AND OVERALL RIDERSHIP BROKEN DOWN BY SUCH INDICATORS AS FAMILY INCOME, AUTOMOBILE ACCESSIBILITY, AND BUS-ACCESS MODE. HEADWAYS AMONG BUSES OPERATING ON SELECTED ROUTES ARE ALSO DETERMINED. ALTHOUGH THE DATA GENERATED BY PHASE I WERE COLLECTED PRIMARILY FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES AT A LATER DATE, SOME INITIAL CONCLUSIONS ARE ADVANCED. INTERAGENCY COOPERATION AMONG THE VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENTS SERVING SEATTLE WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN MAKING BLUE STREAK A SUCCESSFUL VENTURE. EARLY RESULTS CLEARLY INDICATE A SIGNIFICANT DIVERSION OF PREVIOUS AUTOMOBILE COMMUTERS TO THE EXPRESS BUS, PRIMARILY DUE TO THE AVAILABILITY OF PARK-AND-RIDE FACILITIES AND THE BUSES EXCLUSIVE USE OF CERTAIN HIGH-DEMAND FREEWAY RAMPS AND LANES. PRELIMINARY ESTIMATES INDICATE THAT AS MUCH AS 30% OF OVERALL RIDERSHIP WAS NEWLY GENERATED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Express buses KW - Headways KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Park and ride KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240125 AU - Beier, F J AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - THE ATTITUDES OF DRIVERS TOWARD MASS TRANSIT PY - 1971 AB - QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT BY MAIL TO A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 600 AREA HOUSEHOLDS SELECTED FROM CONVENTIONAL CENSUS TRACTS. THE BASIC OBJECTIVES WERE TO: (1) IDENTIFY PEOPLES' BASIC MOTIVES FOR DRIVING; (2) EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF "NEGATIVE FACTORS AS A MEANS OF 'COERCING'" DRIVERS TO USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION; AND (3) EVALUATE POSITIVE INFLUENCES TO ATTRACT RIDERSHIP. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE SAMPLE ARE INCLUDED. THE SURVEY REVEALED THAT EIGHT FACTORS WERE PRINCIPAL MOTIVES FOR AUTOMOBILE USAGE. THESE INCLUDED (IN ORDER): SPEED, NO WAITING, FREEDOM FROM SCHEDULES, GREATER RELIABILITY, PROTECTION FROM WEATHER, PERSONAL ENJOYMENT OF DRIVING, LOWER DAILY COSTS, AND UNFAMILIARITY WITH BUS SERVICE. FOUR COERCIVE FACTORS WERE ALSO HIGHLIGHTED, INCLUDING INCREASING PARKING FEES ($4.00+/DAY), A REQUIREMENT THAT CARS IN DOWNTOWN TRAFFIC HAVE MORE THAN ONE OCCUPANT, INCREASED GASOLINE PRICES, AND LONGER WALKING TIME BETWEEN PARKING AREAS AND DOWNTOWN DESTINATIONS. THE MOST IMPORTANT POSITIVE FACTORS AMONG RESPONDANTS WHO USED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WERE PROXIMITY TO A BUS STOP, THE ABILITY TO COMMUTE TO WORK BY TRANSIT, AND SPEED. THREE FUNDAMENTAL VARIABLES WILL CONTROL THE EXTENT TO WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CAN TRANSLATE INTO INCREASED RIDERSHIP: A REDUCTION OF WALKING DISTANCES BETWEEN BUS STOPS AND POINTS OF ORIGIN AND DESTINATION; ELIMINATION OF TRAVEL DELAYS INCURRED DURING TRANSFER; AND INCREASED SPEED. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Driving KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240721 AU - Barden, R AU - THOMPSON, J H AU - Syracuse University TI - THE URBAN FRONTIER-OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 4 PY - 1971 AB - THE CONCEPT OF THE URBAN FRONTIER IS TRACED TO 1962 WHEN IT WAS INTRODUCED AS A MEANS OF DEFINING THE EXTREMITIES OF URBAN SPRAWL. A HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDY IS PROVIDED FOR ILLUSTRATION. HERE IT IS SHOWN THAT EXTENDING OUTWARD FROM THE CORE CITY, THE VALUATION OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE REACHES A THRESHOLD AT THE URBAN FRONTIER. THE CASE STUDY REVEALS A CLOSE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FRONTIER BOUNDARY AND ARTERIAL ACCESS ROUTES TO THE CENTRAL CITY. TRANSPORTATION IS, THEREFORE, JUDGED TO BE A PRIMARY DETERMINANT OF THE SHAPE OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT. SIMILARLY, LAND VALUES REFLECT PROXIMITY TO ACCESS ROUTES, AND THE DRAMATIC DROP-OFF IN SUCH VALUES BEYOND THE URBAN FRONTIER MAY BE CAUSED BY TERMINATION OF THE ROUTES OR A THRESHOLD IN ACCEPTABLE TRAVEL TIMES TO THE CITY CORE. OTHER EXAMPLES OF THE MODEL WERE APPLIED TO SYRACUSE, UTICA-ROME, ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, ROCHESTER, BUFFALO, AND BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OBTAINED INDICATED THREE FACTORS OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE IN FAVORING AND HINDERING URBAN GROWTH: (1) HIGHWAY ACCESSIBILITY; (2) PREGROWTH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; AND (3) PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Central business districts KW - Land values KW - Residential areas KW - Transportation KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240723 AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - A MALL FOR WESTWOOD VILLAGE: A STUDY PY - 1971 AB - THE VIABILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF A MALL FOR WESTWOOD VILLAGE, CALIFORNIA IS EXAMINED. THE DESIGN CONSIDERED ARE A TRAFFIC-FREE LINEAR MALL AND A SUPERBLOCK MALL. THE LINEAR MALL IS DEFINED AS A NUMBER OF BLOCKS ON THE PRINCIPAL THROUGHFARE WHICH ARE CLOSED TO TRAFFIC, THAT ARE REPAVED EXTENSIVELY, AND UPON WHICH A VARIETY OF IMPROVEMENTS ARE INSTALLED (BENCHES, FOUNTAINS, STATUARY, MONUMENTS, HISTORICAL MARKERS, PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT, TABLES AND CHAIRS TO SERVE ADJOINING RESTAURANTS, TREES, SHRUBS, AND GRASSY AREAS). WHEN THE LINEAR MALL IS EXPANDED SO THAT A COMPACT SHOPPING PRECINCT IS CREATED OUT OF SEVERAL ADJACENT CITY BLOCKS, THE RESULT IS A SUPERBLOCK MALL. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT NO MALL IS FEASIBLE UNLESS A NEW TRAFFIC CONNECTOR IS ESTABLISHED BETWEEN THE SAN DIEGO FREEWAY AND THE NORTHWESTERN CORNER OF WESTWOOD VILLAGE. THE WORSENED TRAFFIC CONDITIONS WHICH A MALL WOULD PRECIPITATE WOULD BOTH INCONVENIENCE ACTUAL USERS OF THE VILLAGE AND DISCOURAGE POTENTIAL USERS OR FORMER USERS, UNLESS TH CONNECTOR WERE ESTABLISHED. /UMTA/ KW - Business districts KW - City planning KW - Shopping centers KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01451197 AU - American Bechtel, Inc W.V. Rouse Associates Institute of Transportation and Regional Planning Chicago Urban Transportation District Illinois Office of Mass Transportation United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Before and after impact assessment study : Chicago central area transit project, submitted to Chicago Urban Transportation District PY - 1970/19/79/1 v. (various pagings, some folded) : KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1219741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240157 AU - CRAIN, J L AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - THE REVERSE COMMUTE EXPERIMENT (A $7 MILLION DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM) PY - 1970/12 AB - THIS REPORT DETERMINED THE OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CONNECTING THE INNERCITY TO THE SUBURBAN JOB SITES. THIS PROBLEM IS REFERRED TO AS "REVERSE COMMUTE FLOW". IN AN EFFORT TO RELIEVE THE PROBLEM OF THE UNEMPLOYED INNERCITY WORKER, OR POTENTIAL WORKER WITHOUT PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION, 14 CITIES SPONSORED DEMONSTRATION TESTS THAT IN TOTAL OR IN PART CONCERNED REVERSE COMMUTE TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT. ONE SPECIFIC PROJECT, THE CHICAGO O'HAREXPRESS, DEMONSTRATED AN EXPRESS BUS SERVICE CONNECTING CHICAGO'S RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (AND THUS THE WHOLE OF THE INNERCITY) WITH THE O'HARE AIRPORT EMPLOYMENT COMPLEX. THIS PROJECT EMBODIED EVERY POSITIVE ACCOMPLISHMENT THAT WAS DESIRED OF THE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. ROUTE DEVELOPMENT FOR EACH OF THE FOURTEEN CITIES ARE REVIEWED AND THE SUCCESS OR FAILURE IS INDICATED. THE SUCCESS OF A PROJECT DOES NOT NECESSARILY MEAN THAT THE DEFICIT WAS REDUCED TO ZERO, ONLY THAT IT WAS REDUCED TO A SMALL ENOUGH LOSS FOR SOME LOCAL AGENCY TO PLACE IT INTO A PERMANENT OPERATING STATUS. IT IS POINTED OUT THAT DEFICITS MIGHT DISAPPEAR SHOULD THE PROJECT BE INTEGRATED INTO THE TOTAL METROPOLITAN TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE BENEFIT COST MODEL USED WAS DESIGNED TO CIRCUMVENT DIFFICULTIES BY PRODUCING HIGHLY CONSERVATIVE ANSWERS SO THAT THE MINIMAL VALUES OBTAINED WOULD HAVE GREATER CREDIBILITY. THE TWO TYPES OF BENEFITS MEASURED WERE INCOME BENEFITS -- ADDED INCOME TO THE INNERCITY COMMUNITY BY CONNECTING THE INNERCITY LABOR FORCE TO NEW JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND TRAVELER BENEFITS -- SAVINGS IN TIME AND COST TO TRAVELERS. SURVEYS WERE MADE OF THE ESTIMATED BENEFITS, HOW THEY ARE DIVIDED BETWEEN INCOME AND TRAVELER BENEFITS, AND THE OPERATIONAL DEFICIT FOR SIX OF THE FOURTEEN CITIES. THE TEN MAJOR RESEARCH AREAS TREATED ARE: (1) SOCIAL BENEFITS, (2) ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, (3) DEVELOPABLE REVERSE COMMUTE ROUTES, (4) BUS PATRONAGE ATTRITION RATES, (5) THE MOST VIABLE ROUTES SERVE MULTIPLE USER GROUPS, (6) MERCHANDISING TRANSIT TO MINORITIES, (7) EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT GRANT (8) PROJECT SUCCESS, (9) THE EFFECTS OF THE LACK OF ADEQUATE INVOLVEMENT OF THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY, (10) INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS: LABOR PROTECTION, FRAGMENTED REGIONAL SYSTEMS, AND A BANKRUPT TRANSIT INDUSTRY. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM CONCEIVED IN 1968 HAVE BEEN MET. THE 14 REVERSE COMMUTE PROJECTS SEEM TO HAVE PROVIDED THE BASIC ANSWERS TO THE ORIGINAL QUESTIONS. IF FURTHER DEMONSTRATION TESTING IS TO HAVE EXPERIMENTAL VALUE, IT WILL HAVE TO EMBRACE NONCONVENTIONAL OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS AND NEW APPROACHES TO FINANCIAL SUBSIDIES. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Employment KW - Financing KW - Low income groups KW - Public transit KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242031 AU - Metro Transit Auth, Nashville, Tenn TI - HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CENTER EXPRESS BUS SERVICE PROJECT - FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/12 AB - AFTER AN EXPRESS BUS SERVICE WAS ESTABLISHED, AN ON-BUS SURVEY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEOPLE WHO WERE ACTUALLY USING THE EXPERIMENTAL SERVICE AND TO DEVELOP SPECIFIC TRAFFIC INFORMATION ON THE USE OF THE TRIP AND PREVIOUS MODES OF TRAVEL. A FOLLOW-UP ON BUS SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED IN THE SECOND YEAR FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES TO DETERMINE POSSIBLE INNOVATIONS. A STUDY PROGRAM TO ACHIEVE A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO PROJECT OBJECTIVES WAS DESIGNATED. NASHVILLE MEDICAL CENTERS AND HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATORS WERE AWARE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND COOPERATED IN AN EFFORT TO ENCOURAGE THEIR EMPLOYEES, OUTPATIENTS, AND VISITORS TO USE PUBLIC TRANSIT. THOSE WHO HAVE AUTOMOBILES AVAILABLE WILL GENERALLY DRIVE IF PARKING SPACE IS AVAILABLE AT A REASONABLE COST. THE PROJECT DID DEMONSTRATE THAT A SMALL NUMBER OF AUTOMOBILE COMMUTERS WERE INDUCED TO SWITCH TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WHEN THE SERVICE PROVIDED WAS CONVENIENT AND RELIABLE. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Express buses KW - Hospitals KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241834 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - UNIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE REGION'S BUS TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1970/12 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO ANALYZE AND EVALUATE OPTIONS BY CONSIDERING THE PROSPECTS FOR UNIFIED SERVICE UNDER SEVERAL ALTERNATE FORMS OF BASIC OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL FOR THE ERIE-NIAGARA REGION'S TRANSIT SERVICES. TRAVEL FROM ONE PART OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA TO ANOTHER SHOULD BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT MULTIPLE FARES OR AN EXCESSIVE NUMBER OF TRANSFERS. MANY SURFACE BUS ROUTES SHOULD BECOME FEEDER LINES TO RAPID TRANSIT LINE. SCHEDULES AND FARES SHOULD BE COORDINATED WITH RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE. FOR REASONS SUCH AS THESE, THE SYSTEM THAT OFFERS INTRA-URBAN AND INTRA-REGIONAL SERVICE TO THE BUFFALO METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY MUST BE A SINGLE UNIFIED ORGANIZATION. IN 1967 THE NIAGARA FRONTIER TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (NFTA) WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE LEGISLATURE TO DEVELOP AND IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN THE ERIE AND NIAGARA REGION, WITH AN EXPLICIT MANDATE TO FORMULATE AND IMPLEMENT A UNIFIED MASS TRANSPORTATION POLICY FOR THAT AREA. THIS LEGISLATION IS QUITE COMPREHENSIVE AND PROVIDES EXTENSIVE POWERS TO THE AUTHORITY, WHICH COULD BE USED FOR THE COORDINATION, INTEGRATION, AND UNIFICATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION THROUGHOUT THE REGION. THE NFTA SHOULD BE THE UNIFYING BODY FOR ALL APPROPRIATE TRANSIT SERVICE IN ERIE AND NIAGARA COUNTIES. THE NFTA WILL SEEK PUBLIC OWNERSHIP OF ALL TRANSIT COMPANIES IN ERIE AND NIAGARA COUNTIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. ONCE IN CONTROL OF ALL APPROPRIATE TRANSIT SERVICE, THE NFTA WILL ESTABLISH A COORDINATED REGIONAL SYSTEM OF ROUTES, A UNIFORM FARE SYSTEM, AND A SET OF HIGH QUALITY SERVICE STANDARDS WHICH ARE CONSISTENT THROUGHOUT THE DISTRICT. THOSE MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS WILL BE ADOPTED WHICH ARE THE MOST ADVANTAGEOUS TO THE CITIZENS OF ERIE AND NIAGARA COUNTIES IN TERMS OF COSTS, PERFORMANCE, AND THE PROTECTION OF TRANSIT EMPLOYEES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Feeder buses KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Ownership KW - Regions KW - Service KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239509 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT IN CENTRAL PINELLAS COUNTY PY - 1970/12 AB - THIS AREA IS PRESENTLY SERVED BY A PRIVATE BUS COMPANY, BUT DAILY RIDERSHIP HAS DECLINED TO FEWER THAN 700 PERSONS AND RISING COSTS HAVE SERIOUSLY CURTAILED MODERNIZATION OF EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES. A STUDY OF COMMUNITY NEEDS, HOWEVER, REVEALED SEVERAL KEY FACTORS WHICH WARRANT CONTINUATION OF TRANSIT AS A PUBLIC SERVICE: (1) NINE RIDERS IN TEN ARE TRANSIT CAPTIVES WHOSE FAMILY INCOME IS LESS THAN $6,000 ANNUALLY. (2) A NEW STATE RE-LICENSING LAW COULD SIGNIFICANTLY ALTER THE EXISTING NEED FOR MASS TRANSIT SERVICE AMONG THE AREA'S LARGE ELDERLY POPULATION. (3) MANY RIDERS WERE SECONDARY WAGE-EARNERS IN ONE-CAR FAMILIES. ALL ASPECTS OF THE EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO SERVICE LEVEL, LOADING STANDARDS, DEPENDABILITY, SPEED OF OPERATION, ACCOMMODATION OF DEMAND, FARE STRUCTURE, AND PHYSICAL ASSETS. TRANSIT IMPACT IN THE COMMUNITY IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO RIDERSHIP PROFILES, PUBLIC OPINION, AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF TRANSIT ROUTES TO LAND USE AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS. RIDERSHIP DATA IS BROKEN DOWN AMONG AGE, SEX, FAMILY INCOME, AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP, TRIP GENERATION, ACCESS MODE, AND "TRAVEL DESIRES" VARIABLES. PUBLIC OPINION DATA WAS OBTAINED THROUGH A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY TO DETERMINE ATTITUDES TOWARD GENERAL COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES, THE BUS SYSTEM, AND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS. RECOMMENDED SHORT-RANGE IMPROVEMENTS ARE ADVANCED WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTES, INFORMATION AIDS, ACQUISITION OF NEW VEHICLES, AND PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMS USING SPECIAL FARES TO ATTRACT PATRONAGE AMONG SENIOR CITIZENS. A DETAILED COST SUMMARY IS APPENDED. THE REPORT ALSO CONTAINS A RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM DESIGNED AROUND A PROPOSED REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY. ONE INNOVATIVE PROPOSAL CONCERNS THE USE OF INDIVIDUALLY OWNED JITNEY VEHICLES WHICH WOULD OPERATE IN A SERVICE CATEGORY BETWEEN TAXICABS AND CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT BUSES. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Jitneys KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241941 AU - Rapp, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - INTERACTIVE EDITING OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS-RESEARCH REPORT NO 4 PY - 1970/12 AB - THIS REPORT DISCUSSES THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE DATA STRUCTURE FOR REPRESENTING THE NETWORK IN THE COMPUTER MEMORY, DESCRIBES THE ALGORITHMS THAT PERFORM THE VARIOUS EDITING FUNCTIONS, AND ILLUSTRATES THE METHODOLOGY THROUGH A PROTOTYPE INTERACTIVE NETWORK EDITOR DEVELOPED AT THE URBAN SYSTEMS LABORATORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. URBAN ANALYSIS, IN PARTICULAR URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, OFTEN DEALS WITH AN EXISTING OR PORPOSED TRANSPORTATION NETWORK. FOR PURPOSES OF ANALYSIS THE PHYSICAL OR REAL- WORLD NETWORK IS ABSTRACTED TO A CODED NETWORK WHICH CONSISTS OF STRAIGHT LINE SEGMENTS, CALLED ARCS, TERMINATED BY POINTS, CALLED NODES. THE LINE SEGMENTS BETWEEN NODES ARE TERMED ARCS. A CODED NETWORK IS USUALLY EDITED BY MEANS OF AUTOMATED GRAPHIC DISPLAY, AND ERRORS ARE CORRECTED THROUGH A MANUAL CODING PROCESS. THE NETWORK EDITOR IS A COMPUTER-ASSISTED ERROR-DETECTION AND UPDATING SYSTEM. THE QUALITY OF A CODED NETWORK IS A FUNCTION OF THREE CLASSES OF NETWORK ERRORS: (1) TOPOLOGICAL ERRORS, SUCH AS THE ABSENCE OF AN ARC OR A NODE, (2) GEOGRAPHICAL ERRORS, SUCH AS THE MISPLACEMENT OF A NODE, AND (3) ATTRIBUTE ERRORS, SUCH AS THE CODING OF ERRONEOUS ARC OR NODE NAMES, CODES, OR PROPERTIES. EXPERIENCE WITH GEOCODING NETWORKS LEADS TO THE CONCLUSION THAT GRAPHIC EDITING IS THE ONLY FEASIBLE PROCEDURE TO ACHIEVE HIGH QUALITY CODED NETWORKS. GRAPHIC EDITING IS ANY PROCEDURE THAT COMPARES THE ORIGINAL MAPS OF THE NETWORK WITH AN AUTOMATED DISPLAY OF THE CODED NETWORK. THE EDITOR WOULD ENABLE A USER TO INTERACTIVELY MANIPULATE ALL ELEMENTS OF A NETWORK. EACH EDITING FUNCTION WOULD BE PERFORMED INDEPENDENTLY UPON A USER-INITIATED COMMAND. /UMTA/ KW - Computer graphics KW - Digital computers KW - Human machine systems KW - Interactive graphics KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Networks KW - Nodes KW - Nodes (Networks) KW - Streets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131982 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241975 AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - WACO TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1970/12 AB - PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE IS PRESENTLY PROVIDED IN THE WACO AREA BY WACO TRANSIT CORPORATION, WHICH IS A PRIVATELY OWNED AND OPERATED PROPERTY OF THE AMERICAN TRANSIT CORPORATION. TRANSIT PATRONAGE HAS BEEN DECLINING AND THE REVENUE-COST SITUATION HAS BECOME MORE CRITICAL. IN ADDITION, IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO RELOCATE THE TRANSIT SHOPS AND OFFICES BECAUSE OF URBAN RENEWAL AND THE IMPENDING OPENING OF THE NEW FRANKLIN STREET BRIDGE. REVENUES ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE SUFFICIENT TO COVER THE COST OF ACQUIRING RELOCATION FACILITIES. THESE CONDITIONS MADE IT IMPERATIVE THAT THE CITY OF WACO CONSIDER SOME DEGREE OF SUBSIDY AND/ OR ALTERNATIVES TO THE EXISTING PRIVATELY OWNED OPERATION. THE CAPITAL INVESTMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OF FOUR BUS FLEET ALTERNATIVES ARE PRESENTED. UNDER ALTERNATIVE 1, THE ENTIRE EXISTING FLEET WOULD BE PURCHASED. ALTERNATIVE 2 WILL REQUIRE THE PURCHASE OF 16 REPLACEMENT BUSES DURING THE 10 YEAR PERIOD. ALTERNATIVE 3 INVOLVES THE PURCHASE OF FOUR REPLACEMENT BUSES DURING THIS PERIOD. UNDER BOTH OF THESE ALTERNATIVES, THE REPLACEMENT BUSES WOULD HAVE TO BE PURCHASED WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF MODEL CITIES ASSISTANCE. ALTERNATIVE 4 (THE INITIAL PURCHASE OF 24 NEW BUSES) REQUIRES THE LEAST TOTAL EXPENDITURE OF THE FOUR ALTERNATIVES. IN ADDITION, SEVERAL OTHER ADVANTAGES CAN BE REALIZED FROM PALN 4; (1) SINCE NO REPLACEMENT BUSES WOULD BE REQUIRED DURING THE 10-YEAR PERIOD, THE CITY WOULD REALIZE THE BENEFIT OF WACO MODEL CITIES PARTICIPATION IN ALL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES FOR PULLING STOCK, (2) SHORTLY AFTER THE CITY ASSUMES THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR TRANSIT SERVICE, A COMPLETELY NEW, AIR-CONDITIONED FLEET WOULD BE SERVING THE PUBLIC. (3) FEW MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS COULD BE ANTICIPATED IN THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE. (4) A SMALLER PARTS INVENTORY WOULD BE REQUIRED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241772 AU - TOMLINSON, G AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - RIDES, TRIP, AND MOVES ON A BUS - INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 6 PY - 1970/12 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES BEHAVIOR OF BUS PASSENGERS WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR SEATING PREFERENCES AND THE TENDANCY TO MOVE AMONG DIFFERENT SEATS DURING A RIDE. THE PURPOSE OF THE REPORT WAS TO ANALYZE HUMAN SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN A PUBLIC CONVEYANCE. AN INITIAL PREMISE OF THE RESEARCH WAS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF DISTINCTLY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ARE AS IMPORTANT TO MODAL CHOICE AS TRAVEL TIME AND RESPONSIVE ROUTING. TWO PSYCHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS UNDERLIE THIS ANALYSIS. FIRST, PUBLIC CONVEYANCES PUT RIDERS IN UNCOMFORTABLY CLOSE PROXIMITY TO ONE ANOTHER; FOR MANY, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE PRIVACY AFFORDED BY AUTOMOBILES IS A DESIRABLE TRADE-OFF AGAINST HIGHER COSTS, DRIVING, AND PARKING PROBLEMS. SECOND, BUS PASSENGERS ARE BORED AND LACK DIVERSION DURING THEIR TRIP. THIS FURTHER ACCENTUATES THE DISCOMFORT OF NARROW SEATING AMONG STRANGERS. DATA IS RECORDED FOR TWO BEHAVIORAL PHENOMENA IN ON-BOARD SURVEYS OF FOUR DIFFERENT BUS ROUTES. THESE PHENOMENA INCLUDED: (1) CHOICE OF SEAT; AND (2) MOVEMENT FROM ONE SEAT TO ANOTHER. RIDERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS WERE BROKEN DOWN BY SEX, AGE, AND RACE TO DETERMINE WHETEHR CERTAIN RIDERS SHOWED A PROPENSITY TO MOVE. SEVERAL MAJOR FINDINGS WERE HIGHLIGHTED. A MAJORITY OF ALL PASSENGERS (55%) CHOSE AN UNSHARED SEAT; THOSE WHO HAD TO SHARE REVEALED A MARKED PROPENSITY TO CHOOSE A "SEATMATE" WITH SIMILAR SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS (IE. AGE, SEX, AND RACE). MORE THAN 1/3 CHOSE SEATMATES WHO WERE SIMILAR IN ALL THREE VARIABLES. IN ADDITION, WHERE OVERALL RIDERSHIP ON A ROUTE TENDED TOWARDS HOMOGENEITY, PERSONS OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OFTEN SEGREGATED THEMSELVES. FURTHERMORE, 83% OF ALL PEOPLE DID NOT MOVE FROM THEIR INITIAL SEAT. HOWEVER, THE LIKLIHOOD OF A PASSENGER'S MOVING ROSE TO 44%, DEPENDING UPON THE LENGTH OF HIS TRIP. FINALLY, THE AUTHOR IDENTIFIED CERTAIN SEATS AS BEING UNDESIRABLE -- THE MIDDLE OF SIDE-FACING, THREE-PERSON SEATS WAS ABANDONED BY MORE THAN 40% OF ITS OCCUPANTS. THREE GENERAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH FOR BUS DESIGN AND OPERATION ARE NOTED: (1) BENCH- TYPE, TWO-PERSON SEATS ARE THE MOST INTIMATE AND THEREFORE THE LEAST COMFORTABLE SEATING ARRANGEMENT, GIVEN THE PASSENGER'S NATURAL TENDANCY TO AVOID STRANGERS; (2) CLOSE PROXIMITY OF SEATS FROM FRONT TO BACK MAKES THE AISLE SEATS PARTICULARLY UNCOMFORTABLE AND MAKES EXITING FROM WINDOW SEATS UNWIELDY; AND (3) INACTIVITY ACCENTUATES DISCOMFORT. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THESE PROBLEMS MAY CORRELATE WITH A NATIONAL DECLINE IN BUS PATRONAGE, IN FAVOR OF PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION MODES. THE AUTHOR RECOMMENDS A RE-DESIGN OF BUS SEATING ARRANGEMENTS AND PROVISION OF READING MATTER AS INITIAL STEPS TO IMPROVE THE PUBLIC TRANSIT ENVIRONMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Gender KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Quality control KW - Race KW - Seats UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239439 AU - Misner, G E AU - Mcdonald, W F AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - REDUCTION OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS OF BUS DRIVERS-VOLUME II: THE SCOPE OF THE CRIME PROBLEM AND ITS RESOLUTION PY - 1970/12 AB - THE THREATS OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS WERE STUDIED WITHIN A SOCIAL CONTEXT AS THE SOCIAL IMPORTANCE OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION IS SUCH THAT IT CAN NO LONGER OPERATE WITHOUT AN ADEQUATE RESEARCH DATA BASE. BUS ROBBERIES WERE USUALLY FOUND TO BE SPONTANEOUS EVENTS, WITH LITTLE PLANNING AND LITTLE INTENT TO HARM THE VICTIM, COMMITTED LARGELY BY BLACK MALES WITH LIMITED EXPERIENCE IN CRIME. THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE OF POLITICAL MOTIVATION OR VENGEANCE FOR THE TRANSIT COMPANIES. THE RISK OF BEING SERIOUSLY INJURED BY A BUS ROBBER WAS INCREASED IF THE DRIVER OFFERED RESISTANCE. THE "ASSAULT" PROBLEM WAS JUDGED TO HAVE REACHED ALARMING PROPORTIONS. MOST ASSAULTS ARISE FROM DRIVER-PASSENGER INTERACTIONS, MANY OF WHICH ARE STRUCTURED BY TRANSIT OPERATIONS. AS FARE AND ZONE STRUCTURES AND THE ROUTE SYSTEM BECOME MORE COMPLEX, CONFLICT BETWEEN DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS INCREASES. THE MOST FREQUENT POINTS OF CONFLICT ARE COLLECTIONS OF FARES, ADDITIONAL FARES, AND TRANSFERS. THE GREATER THE CLARITY IN ROUTE INFORMATION POSTED FOR PASSENGERS, THE LESS CONFLICT THERE IS SINCE DRIVERS ARE NOT ALWAYS CERTAIN OF BASIC INFORMATION REGARDING ZONES, TRANSFERS, ROUTES, SPECIAL HOURS, OR FARES. A NUMBER OF ANTI-CRIME MEASURES ARE SUGGESTED. THE READY-FARE SYSTEM HAS ELIMINATED THE CASH ROBBERY FROM-THE- BUS-DRIVER PROBLEM; HOWEVER, THE VERY SUCCESS OF THIS PRECAUTION MAY LEAD TO AN INCREASE IN ROBBERIES FROM BUS PASSENGERS. TO AVOID INJURY, DRIVERS ARE ADVISED TO COOPERATE WITH ROBBERS. STUDIES ARE RECOMMENDED IN THE AREAS OF PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION, VANDALISM, CHANGES IN THE DESIGN OF TRANSIT VEHICLE INTERIORS AFFECTING CHANGES IN SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF CRIME ON TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND THE MORALE AMONG DRIVERS OF TRANSIT VEHICLES. MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR YIELDING TIMELY, ACCURATE INFORMATION ABOUT VARIOUS CRIMINAL AND DISRUPTIVE ENCOUNTERS UPON TRANSIT VEHICLES ARE RECOMMENDED. TRANSIT COMPANIES SHOULD RE-EXAMINE BOTH THEIR SELECTION OF AND THEIR TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR DRIVERS TO IMPROVE THE RELATION- SHIPS BETWEEN DRIVERS AND THE PUBLIC THEY SERVE. PERIODIC RETRAINING PROGRAMS SHOULD BE SCHEDULED FOR ALL DRIVERS. ALSO, COMPANIES SHOULD MAKE A CONSPICUOUS, YET SUBTLE, DISPLAY OF ANTI-CRIME MEASURES. COMPANIES ARE ADVISED TO REVIEW THEIR FARE STRUCTURES, SPECIAL FARE SCHEDULES, AND ZONE STRUCTURES IN ORDER TO ASSURE MAXIMUM CLARITY AMONG BOTH DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS. FURTHER, EACH COMPANY SHOULD DESIGNATE AT LEAST ONE OF ITS PERSONNEL TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR LIAISON WITH POLICE AUTHORITIES; COOPERARIVE PROGRAMS BETWEEN THE COMPANIES AND THE SCHOOLS SHOULD ALSO BE ESTABLISHED FOR THE SPECIAL PROBLEM OF TRANSPORTING SCHOOL CHILDREN. THE STUDY OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS OF BUS DRIVERS IS NOT COMPLETE; SEVERAL BASIC "SOCIAL" QUESTIONS REMAIN UNANSWERED. ADDITIONAL BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECTS ARE RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Assaults KW - Behavior KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Crimes KW - Law enforcement KW - Property crimes KW - Public transit KW - Robberies KW - Social factors KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241586 AU - Rapp, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - INTERACTIVE EDITING OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS PY - 1970/12 AB - A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO INTERACTIVE NETWORK EDITING IS PRESENTED. THE SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE DATA STRUCTURE FOR REPRESENTING THE NETWORK IN THE COMPUTER MEMORY IS DISCUSSED, AND THE ALGORITHMS THAT PERFORM THE VARIOUS EDITING FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED. THE METHODLOGY IS ILLUSTRATED BY A DISCUSSION OF THE CAPABILITIES AND THE MECHANICS OF A PROTOTYPE INTERACTIVE NETWORK EDITOR DEVELOPED AT THE URBAN SYSTEMS LABORATORY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Computers KW - Correction (Mathematics) KW - Editing KW - Networks KW - Transportation KW - Values in measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241585 AU - Rapp, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - THE PLANNING OF NODE ORIENTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS. AN APPLICATION OF MAN-MACHINE INTERACTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING PY - 1970/12 AB - THE PROBLEM OF FINDING THE BEST FIXED ROUTES FOR NODE ORIENTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS IS USED FOR THE INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF A MAN-MACHINE INTERACTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING SYSTEM. THE INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM ENABLES A PLANNER/ANALYST TO EFFECTIVELY SEARCH FOR AND EVALUATE A LARGE NUMBER OF ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME. THIS EVALUATION IS BASED ON A MODAL SPLIT MODEL WHICH PREDICTS THE SYSTEM UTILIZATION AND COST CONSEQUENCES OF EACH ALTERNATIVE DESIGN. THE MODEL PERFORMS A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE TRIP OF EACH POTENTIAL TRIP MAKER BY THE ALTERNATIVE MODES OF TRAVEL BY TRANSIT OR PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE, AND IT IS BASED ON VALUES REFLECTING THE AVERAGE TRIP MAKERS PERCEPTION OF DIS-UTILITY OF THE VARIOUS TRIP COMPONENTS. AFTER A CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION OF THE PROBLEM, THE INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS, THE MECHANICS OF THE ACTUAL IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED, IN TERMS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE FEATURES. THE USE OF THE SYSTEM IS THEN ILLUSTRATED WITH A HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEM SITUATION WITH CONFLICTING OBJECTIVES. FINALLY, THE PAPER DISCUSSES SOME ISSUES RAISED IN THE PROTOTYPE ANALYSIS RELATIVE TO (1) THE ROLE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE HUMAN IN THE INTERACTIVE PROCESS, (2) ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION GENERATION SCHEMES, AND (3) MODEL CALIBRATION. /UMTA/ KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Nodes KW - Nodes (Networks) KW - Problem solving KW - Routing KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240119 AU - York, C M AU - Loveland, E H AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD URBAN TRANSPORTATION ISSUES PY - 1970/11/15 AB - THE DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF ATTITUDES THAT UNDERLIE CITIZEN SUPPORT (OR OPPOSITION) OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES ARE EMPHASIZED. SPECIFICALLY, THE MAJOR FOCUS IS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A QUESTIONNAIRE INSTRUMENT WHICH PROVIDES FOR MEASURES OF LOCAL CITIZEN PERCEPTIONS AND FEELINGS ABOUT TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND WHICH, AT THE SAME TIME, IS EASILY MODIFIED SO AS TO BE USEFUL IN OTHER METROPOLITAN AREAS. THE APPROACH TO QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT INVOLVES INTERVIEWS OF SAMPLES OF LOCAL RESIDENTS IN ORDER TO ASCERTAIN THE TOPICAL NATURE OF TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AS VIEWED BY POTENTIAL RESPONDENTS. ALL ASPECTS OF QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT, ANALYSIS OF PRETEST FINDINGS, TRAINING ACTIVITIES, AND DATA INTERPRETATION ARE COVERED. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Questionnaires KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241994 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS - VOLUME 3: TRANSPORTATION CENTER PY - 1970/11 AB - THE REQUIREMENTS, FOR THE FEASIBILITY OF DESIGNING A TRANSPORTATION TERMINAL FOR DOWNTOWN UTICA, NEW YORK, ARE EXAMINED. ITS PRIMARY FUNCTION WOULD BE TO SERVE AS A POINT FOR MODAL INTERFACE AT WHICH THE VARIETY OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS SERVING UTICA COULD BE COORDINATED. AT PRESENT THERE IS INADEQUATE COORDINATION OF INTERCITY BUS AND RAIL CARRIERS WHICH SERVE UTICA AND THE CITY'S PUBLIC TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE TERMINAL FOR THE PRIMARY MODE OF INTERCITY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, THE MOTOR COACH, IS INADEQUATE AND DETERIORATED. THE RAILROAD STATION IS COMPLETELY ADEQUATE BUT UNDERUTILIZED. JOINT USE OF THE RAILROAD STATION BY THE RAILROAD, THE CITY'S THREE INTERCITY BUS CARRIERS, AND THE TRANSIT SYSTEM, WITH SUPPORTING TAXI SERVICE AND ADEQUATE AUTOMOBILE PARKING, SHOULD BE INSTITUTED. SEVERAL CRITERIA FOR A TRANSPORTATION CENTER ARE DISCUSSED AND APPLIED TO THE CITY'S TWO EXISTING TRANSPORTATION TERMINALS. DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE CONVERTING THE RAILROAD TERMINAL INTO A MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION CENTER. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044204 AU - Scales, W C AU - IIT Research Institute TI - DIGITAL-VOICE OVERLAY FOR LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1970/11 AB - The technical feasibility of alternative means of multiplexing data and voice transmissions in a vehicle location and communications system is treated. Multiplexing refers to the sharing of a transmitter, a receiver, and a radio frequency channel by different users. Two multiplexing techniques are discussed: "time division" methods (tdm), in which each broadcaster is given a particular time slot during which he may transmit data and all other users remain silent; and frequency slot separated by guard bands to minimize cross-channel effects. Because tdm technology cannot easily or economically handle both voice and digital transmissions, the report focuses on fdm applications. Fdm systems necessarily employ equipment to modulate voice and data inputs in order to channel them into their appropriate slots. Considerations in applying channel modulation in location and communications systems are (1) frequency modulation, which is standard for land mobile services but requires potentially undesirable bandwidth occupancy requirements; (2) amplitude modulation, which suffers potential fading and drifting problems; (3) frequency shift keying; (4) phase-shift keying; and (5) on-off keying. Bandwidth requirements and data rate capability are discussed with reference to alternative fdm applications. Trade-offs in voice-data multiplex are considered in terms of power requirements for switching between voice and digital transmissions in the same frequency subchannel. Baseband spectrum occupancy, power requirements, and on operational considerations are also examined. The report concludes with a brief discussion of federal communications regulations that apply to implementation. KW - Communications KW - Data communications KW - Land mobile communications KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00227363 AU - Catanese, A J AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - STRUCTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF COMMUTING-EXHIBIT C PY - 1970/11 AB - THE STRUCTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF COMMUTING ARE STUDIED IN FOUR MAJOR URBAN REGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES: LOS ANGELES, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, AND MILWAUKEE. THE STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF COMMUTING WERE FOUND TO BE DYNAMIC AND SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM TYPICAL STEREOTYPES. THE DIRECTION OF COMMUTING WAS SOMEWHAT SURPRISING IN THAT REVERSE AND INTER-SUBURBAN COMMUTING APPEARED TO BE TAKING A MUCH HIGHER LEVEL OF ACTIVITY THAN PREVIOUSLY BELIEVED. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PATTERNS OF COMMUTING WERE DYNAMIC AS WELL. A DIRECT ASSOCIATION WAS FOUND BETWEEN DISTANCE TO WORK PLACE AND FAMILY INCOME, AS WELL AS THE CORRELATES OF FAMILY INCOME, SUCH AS EDUCATION, AUTO OWNERSHIP, AND AGE. THE STUDY CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION OF PLANNING IMPLICATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Commuters KW - Commuting KW - Economic factors KW - Social factors KW - Suburbs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239469 AU - Colcord, F C AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING - 2: HOUSTON, A CASE STUDY PY - 1970/11 AB - A CASE STUDY IS PRESENTED OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND PHYSICAL VARIABLES OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING IN HOUSTON, TEXAS. A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA IS PROVIDED WITH REFERENCE TO THE HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY, SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS, AND GOVERNMENT. THE HOUSTON EXPERIENCE HAS BEEN UNUSUAL IN ITS AVOIDANCE OF "FREEWAYS REVOLTS" AND THE GENERAL FUROR WHICH HAS ATTENDED TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING IN OTHER CITIES. SIX FACTORS MAY EXPLAIN THIS SITUATION: (1) THERE HAVE BEEN FEW INTERGOVERNMENTAL DISPUTES, BECAUSE THE HOUSTON REGION WAS INITIALLY DEVELOPED BY THE CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT. (2) A SIZEABLE AMOUNT OF FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION WAS COMPLETED DURING THE EARLY 1960'S AND THUS PRECEDED THE AREA'S RAPID GROWTH; DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS HAVE SINCE FOLLOWED THE EXISTING LINES OF TRANSPORTATION ACCESS, AND THE CONSEQUENT NEED FOR DISPLACING ESTABLISHED NEIGHBORHOODS HAS BEEN MINIMIZED. (3) ROUTES CUTTING THROUGH THE INNER CITY AFFECTED EITHER RUN-DOWN COMMERCIAL AREAS OR LARGELY NEGRO NEIGHBORHOODS WHERE ORGANIZED RESISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION WAS NOT MOBILIZED. (4) OPPOSITION TO IMPROVED HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS HAS BEEN LIMITED BECAUSE OF THE HIGH DEGREE OF AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP. (5) THE EXISTING BUS SYSTEM PROVIDES REASONABLY ADEQUATE SERVICE TO THE INNER CITY. (6) THE CITY HAS RELATIVELY LITTLE DOWNTOWN TRAFFIC CONGESTION BECAUSE OF AN EFFECTIVE SPACING OF MAJOR ARTERIAL STREETS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF ADEQUATE PARKING FACILITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Arterial highways KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Decision making KW - Economic factors KW - Geography KW - Governments KW - Ownership KW - Parking KW - Road construction KW - Social factors KW - Streets KW - Topography KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240144 AU - City of Cleveland, Mayors Office TI - METRO HOSPITAL BUS SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT #3 PY - 1970/11 AB - CLEVELAND TRANSPORTATION ACTION PROGRAM'S DEMONSTRATION PROJECT OF A FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE BETWEEN FOUR INNER CITY NEIGHBORHOODS AND CUYAHOGA COUNTY METROPOLITAN GENERAL HOSPITAL IS DESCRIBED. THE FARE STRUCTURE WAS THE STANDARD ONE-WAY $ .35 FOR ADULTS, $ .20 FOR CHILDREN UNDER TWELVE, & $ .20 FOR GOLDEN AGERS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR A BUS SERVICE CONCEPT MUST BE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO CORRESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF POTENTIAL USERS -- A DEMAND-RESPONSIVE OPERATION AS OPPOSED TO A FIXED - SCHEDULE OPERATION; AND THAT A BUS ROUTE DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO SATISFY ONE SPECIFIC TRIP PURPOSE, HAS VERY LITTLE CHANCE OF BEING AN ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM. THERE APPEARED TO BE A NEED FOR A MULTI-PURPOSE BUS SERVICE DIRECTLY LINKING THE INNER CITY WITH DOWNTOWN CLEVELAND AND METRO HOSPITAL IN A VERY EFFICIENT MANNER, THAT DOES NOT DUPLICATE EXISTING BUS SERVICES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Hospitals KW - Inner cities KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240126 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Douglas, G B AU - Murthy, G V S AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - VALUES OF SPEED IN PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1970/11 AB - THE ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL TIME BY PUBLIC TRANSIT MODES ARE MODELED FOR THE CASES OF A PRIVATE RIGHT-OF-WAY AND OPERATION IN MIXED TRAFFIC. PRIMARY ATTENTION IS FOCUSED ON TRAVEL TIME WITHIN THE SYSTEM, WHICH IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SUCH SPEED COMPONENTS AS ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, CRUISING, DELAY, ETC. THE RELATION OF TRAVEL SPEED TO OPERATING COSTS, REQUIRED NUMBER OF VEHICLES, ATTRACTIVENESS OF TRANSIT, AND FARE STRUCTURE IS DISCUSSED. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Equations KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Public transit KW - Speed KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226476 AU - Scales, W C AU - IIT Research Institute TI - DIGITAL-VOICE OVERLAY FOR LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1970/11 AB - THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF MULTIPLEXING DATA AND VOICE TRANSMISSIONS IN A VEHICLE LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IS TREATED. THESE SYSTEMS MONITOR FLEET OPERATIONS IN THE FIELD BY EMPLOYING AUTOMATIC COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN VEHICLES AND A MANAGEMENT CENTER. MULTIPLEXING REFERS TO THE SHARING OF A TRANSMITTER, A RECEIVER, AND A RADIO FREQUENCY CHANNEL BY DIFFERENT USERS. TWO MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUES ARE DISCUSSED: "TIME DIVISION" METHODS (TDM), IN WHICH EACH BROADCASTER IS GIVEN A PARTICULAR TIME SLOT DURING WHICH HE MAY TRANSMIT DATA AND ALL OTHER USERS REMAIN SILENT; AND FREQUENCY SLOT SEPARATED BY GUARD BANDS TO MINIMIZE CROSS-CHANNEL EFFECTS. BECAUSE TDM TECHNOLOGY CANNOT EASILY OR ECONOMICALLY HANDLE BOTH VOICE AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSIONS, THE REPORT FOCUSES ON FDM APPLICATIONS. FDM SYSTEMS NECESSARILY EMPLOY EQUIPMENT TO MODULATE VOICE AND DATA INPUTS IN ORDER TO CHANNEL THEM INTO THEIR APPROPRIATE SLOTS. CONSIDERATIONS IN APPLYING CHANNEL MODULATION IN LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ARE (1) FREQUENCY MODULATION, WHICH IS STANDARD FOR LAND MOBILE SERVICES BUT REQUIRES POTENTIALLY UNDESIRABLE BANDWIDTH OCCUPANCY REQUIREMENTS; (2) AMPLITUDE MODULATION, WHICH SUFFERS POTENTIAL FADING AND DRIFTING PROBLEMS; (3) FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING; (4) PHASE-SHIFT KEYING; AND (5) ON--OFF KEYING. BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS AND DATA RATE CAPABILITY ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO ALTERNATIVE FDM APPLICATIONS. HUMAN SPEECH AND SPEECH PERCEPTION ARE EXAMINED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP MINIMUM BANDWIDTH SPECIFICATIONS FOR VOICE TRANSMISSIONS. TRADE-OFFS IN VOICE--DATA MULTIPLEX ARE CONSIDERED IN TERMS OF POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR SWITCHING BETWEEN VOICE AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSIONS IN THE SAME FREQUENCY SUBCHANNEL. BASEBAND SPECTRUM OCCUPANCY, POWER REQUIREMENTS, AND ON OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ARE ALSO EXAMINED. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO IMPLEMENTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Location KW - Motor vehicles KW - Multiplexing KW - Speech KW - Voice communication UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242135 AU - Michaels, R M AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE "BLUE STREAK" DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1970/10/01 AB - THREE SOURCES OF PASSENGER DIVERSION ARE REVIEWED BY THE AUTHOR AS MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS. THE FIRST CHANGE IS AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC TO TRANSIT, THE SECOND SOURCE OF DIVERSION WILL BE EXISTING TRANSIT USERS WHO SHIFT TO BLUE STREAK AND THE THIRD WILL BE THE GENERATION OF NEW TRAFFIC BECAUSE OF THE IMPROVED SERVICE TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD). THE AUTHOR STATES THAT IF THERE IS A DESIRE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE HAS BEEN A SHIFT IN MODAL SPLIT BETWEEN AUTOMOBILES AND TRANSIT, THESE THREE SOURCES OF RIDERSHIP CHANGES MUST BE MEASURED AND PARCELLED OUT. THE TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS OF BOTH CBD-ORIENTED AUTOMOBILE USERS ORIGINATION IN OR ENTERING THE CORRIDOR AND THE CAPTIVE RIDERS OF TRANSIT ARE ALSO STRESSED AS BEING A PERTINENT MEASURE OF EFFECTIVENESS. ROUTING DIFFERENCE IS ESSENTIAL TO OBTAINING TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS AND DEVELOPING A RATIONAL MODAL SPLIT MODEL. THE EVALUATION OF BLUE STREAK AS TO PERSON CAPACITY OF THE RESERVED OFF-RAMP IS DISCUSSED. IT IS FELT THAT IF MEANS AND VARIANCE IN OFF-RAMP PERSON VOLUMES CAN BE DETERMINED, IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DETERMINE THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH EXCLUSIVE BUS RAMPS ARE WARRANTED. IT IS FURTHER FELT THAT THE EVALUATION OF THE BLUE STREAK SERVICE MUST BE CARRIED OUT LARGELY IN THE CONTEXT OF PERSON MOVEMENT BY TRANSIT IN THE CORRIDOR. FOUR EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED; TWO INVOLVED INTRA-TRANSIT MEASURES, THE OTHER TWO WERE TRANSIT VS. HIGHWAY DIVERSION EXPERIMENTS. BASIC VARIABLES IN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ARE PRESENTED AND IT IS CONCLUDED THAT WITH THIS DESIGN, IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO MEASURE THE TOTAL TRANSIT PASSENGER VOLUME WITHIN THE BLUE STREAK CORRIDOR AND CONTROL FOR EXOGENOUS CHANGES IN PASSENGER VOLUME. /UMTA/ KW - Bus priority KW - Bus transportation KW - Express buses KW - Modal split KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Transportation corridors KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239514 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - IMPROVED TRANSIT SERVICES (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1970/10 AB - A COMPLETE PICTURE OF THE TRANSIT SITUATION IN LINCOLN, NEBRASKA, IS PRESENTED AND A 16 POINT PROGRAM IS OUTLINED FOR REVITALIZATION OF TRANSIT SERVICE AND RESTORATION TO THE LEVEL NEEDED TO SATISFY COMMUNITY NEEDS. ALTHOUGH LINCOLN CITY LINES CANNOT SURVIVE MUCH LONGER UNDER REVENUE-COST STANDARDS PREVAILING AMONG PRIVATELY OWNED UTILITIES, THERE IS STILL A SUBSTANTIAL PUBLIC NEED FOR BUS TRANSIT IN THE CITY. PUBLIC ACQUISITION OF THE SYSTEM, COUPLED WITH THE CAPITAL NECESSARY FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO RESTORE OPERATIONS TO AN ATTRACTIVE LEVEL OF SERVICE, IS SUGGESTED AS THE INEVITABLE SOLUTION. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Level of service KW - Ownership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242158 AU - Sacramento State College TI - A DEMOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE FOR BUS ROUTE DESIGN-INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 5 PY - 1970/10 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO OUTLINE A SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR DESIGNING BUS ROUTES CONSISTENT WITH POTENTIAL RIDERSHIP DEMAND AND MAJOR TRAFFIC GENERATORS NOT SERVED BY AN EXISTING TRANSIT NETWORK. SIMILAR APPROACHES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY EMPLOYED IN THE PAST BUT THESE HAVE BEEN GENERALLY INFORMAL AND UNSTRUCTED. THE REPORT SPECIFICALLY RELATES DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS TO THE SACREMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY'S CROSSTOWN LINE #9, OPENED IN LATE 1968 AS A "TRANSFER LINE". THE LINE WAS INTENDED PRIMARILY TO SERVE SEVERAL IMPORTANT TRAFFIC GENERATION CENTERS NOT PREVIOUSLY CONNECTED BY MASS TRANSPORTATION. THESE INCLUDED A SHOPPING CENTER, SEVERAL HOSPITALS, LOWER INCOME AND MINORITY GROUP NEIGHBORHOODS, AND THREE AREA COLLEGES. QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS WERE TAKEN AMONG STUDENTS AT THE COLLEGES TO DETERMINE THE ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILIZATION OF MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE WAS TO RELATE SURVEY DATA FROM COLLEGE STUDENTS TO THE DESIGN OF NEW ROUTES AS A MODEL GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FOR BUS ROUTE DESIGN. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDENT SURVEY, RESEARCH RESULTS, A STUDENT RIDERSHIP PROFILE, AND A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE STUDENT INTERVIEWED ARE DISCUSSED. FROM THIS INFORMATION, PROPOSALS ARE DEVELOPED FOR NEW AND REORIENTED ROUTES WHICH WOULD PROVIDE SERVICE BETTER SUITED TO STUDENT RIDERSHIP DEMANDS AT EACH OF THE THREE COLLEGES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE PROJECTED PASSENGER VOLUME ON THE SUGGESTED ROUTES WOULD SURPASS THAT ALONG PRESENT ROUTES WHICH WERE DETERMINED WITHOUT BENEFIT OF SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURES. ONE MAJOR JURISDICTIONAL HINDERANCE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED ROUTES IS DISCUSSED AT LENGTH. THIS IS CREATED BY THE LOCATION OF LARGE STUDENT HOUSING COMPLEXES OUTSIDE THE SACRAMENTO CITY LINES, BUT WELL WITHIN THE COUNTY BOUNDARIES AND SPECIFICALLY SERVING COLLEGES WITHIN THE CITY. BECAUSE THE AREA BUS COMPANY IS NOT SUPPORTED BY THE COUNTY AGENCY, DEMONSTRATION OF PROPOSED ROUTES EXTENDING BEYOND THE CITY LINES WAS NOT DEEMED PRESENTLY FEASIBLE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Demand KW - Demographics KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Route choice KW - Students KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242054 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - PROPOSED METHOD FOR AERODYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL ANALYSES-- INTERIM REPORT PY - 1970/10 AB - AN EMPIRICAL METHOD IS DEVELOPED FOR EVALUATING AIR FLOW RATES WHICH RESULT FROM PISTON ACTION SUBWAY TRAINS MOVING IN A SINGLE-TRACK TUNNEL. IT IS ASSUMED THAT AIR BEHAVES AS A PERFECT GAS AND THAT AIR FLOW IS ONE DIMENSIONAL, ISOTHERMAL, UNSTEADY, VISCOUS, AND COMPRESSIBLE. AN INITIAL STEP IN THE PROPOSED METHOD IS TO DIVIDE THE SUBWAY SYSTEM INTO A SERIES OF FINITE SEGMENTS; THESE INCLUDE ELEVEN SECTIONS OF SINGLE-TRACK SUBWAY RUNNING THROUGH A TUNNEL BETWEEN TWO SUBSURFACE STATIONS. APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY TO THESE FINITE SEGMENTS RESULTS IN A SET OF SIMULTANEOUS, NON- LINEAR, ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WHICH REFLECT THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF PRESSURE, DENSITY, AND VELOCITY. THE METHOD USES A SIX STEP INTERATIVE PROCESS: (1) ASSUME INITIAL DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; (2) SOLVE SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS FOR VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; (3) CALCULATE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION; (4) COMPUTE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; (5) COMPARE COMPUTED AND ORIGINAL DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; (6) IF THE DENSITIES DO NOT MATCH WITHIN SPECIFIED TOLERANCES, REITERATE USING THE COMPUTED DENSITY DISTRIBUTION. ALL RELEVANT DATA AND EQUATIONS ARE CONTAINED AND A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE ASSUMING INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW IS APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Density KW - Flow KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pressure KW - Pressure distribution KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Single track KW - Single-track tunnels KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Velocity KW - Velocity distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044195 AU - Kaiser Engineers TI - TRANSIT ACCESS TO OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1970/10 AB - This is a comprehensive technical study of transit feasibility in the corridor between a proposed Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station and the Oakland International Airport. A review of potential transit service concepts revealed two alternatives for the corridor and four vehicle concepts. A detailed transit impact analysis was conducted to determine four routing options. One route would serve existing commercial and industrial development centers while another would serve the areas where future development is anticipated. A third route would serve the airport exclusively by providing nonstop service. The fourth route, with two branches, could serve all existing and future activity centers. Various combinations of service concepts, vehicle designs, and routes were evaluated to yield an optimal configuration for the corridor. A connector alternative was found to provide more frequent and lower cost service than a BART extension. The use of modified BART vehicles in the connector system was deemed necessary to make the system compatible with the BART mainline. The feasibility study also determined that a routing network designed to serve future industrial and airport developments would be optimal. The total connector route will span approximately 3.8 miles. An in-depth feasibility analysis concluded that operation of the connector system could prove economically beneficial both in terms of farebox revenues and the relief of regional traffic congestion. Appended material includes urban design criteria, results of a regional transit survey, a historical review of present airport transit links, methodology for patronage forecasting, criteria for development of the connector system, and interim program ridership data. KW - Airport access KW - Rapid transit KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044194 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade and Douglas, Incorporated TI - PROPOSED METHOD FOR AERODYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS--INTERIM REPORT PY - 1970/10 AB - An empirical method is developed for evaluating air flow rates which result from piston action subway trains moving in a single-track tunnel. It is assumed that air behaves as a perfect gas and that air flow is one dimensional, isothermal, unsteady, viscous, and compressible. An initial step in the proposed method is to divide the subway system into a series of finite segments; these include eleven sections of single-track subway running through a tunnel between two subsurface stations. Application of the principle of conservation of mechanical energy to these finite segments results in a set of simultaneous, non-linear, ordinary differential equations which reflect the interdependence of pressure, density, and velocity. The method uses a six step interactive process: (1) assume initial density distribution; (2) solve simultaneous equations for velocity distribution; (3) calculate pressure distribution; (4) compute density distribution; (5) compare computed and original density distribution; (6) if the densities do not match within specified tolerances, reiterate using the computed density distribution. All relevant data and equations are contained and a numerical example assuming incompressible flow is appended. KW - Advanced systems KW - Aerodynamics KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Passenger cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241841 AU - Illinois Institute of Technology TI - JAPAN TRANSPORTATION: TRANSPORTATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY FOR THREE JAPANESE CITIES PY - 1970/10 AB - THE AIM OF THE PROJECT WAS THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A 21ST-CENTURY JAPANESE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TO COMPLEMENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THREE LARGEST CITIES IN JAPAN--TOYKO, OSAKA AND NAGOYA--AS TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION CENTERS. A STRUCTURAL MODEL WAS DEVELOPED BY COMPUTER FROM THE INTERACTION MATRIX OF THE PROBLEM ELEMENTS. THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM DESIGNED FROM THIS MODEL CONSISTS OF FOUR MAIN THOROUGHFARES DISTINGUISHED BY SPEED AND DESTINATION: LOOPS, TRUNK LINES, DISTRIBUTORS AND ACCESS ROADS. HIGH-SPEED TRANSPORTATION (250 MPH.) IS RESTRICTED TO LOOPS AROUND EACH OF THE CITIES AND TO THE TRUNK LINES TRAVERSING SHORT DISTANCES ACROSS THE LOOPS. DISTRIBUTORS, ONE-WAY ROADS WITH NO TRAFFIC SIGNALS AND SPEED LIMITS OF 100 MPH, LEAD FROM THE TRUNK LINES TO THE METROPOLITAN AREAS. ACCESS ROADS RUN FROM THE DISTRIBUTORS DIRECTLY TO PARKING AREAS IN THE INNER CITY. BUS STATIONS ARE LOCATED ALONG THE DISTRIBUTORS AND AT EVERY SUPER BLOCK, THE STRUCTURAL UNIT IN THE INNER CITY. SUPER BLOCKS ARE 0.25 SQ. M. AREAS WHERE FUNCTIONALLY RELATED BUILDINGS, WITH BOTH LIVING AND WORKING AREAS, ARE GROUPED. THE BLOCKS ARE SURROUNDED BY DISTRIBUTORS AND REACHED BY ACCESS ROADS; ELEVATORS ARE A SHORT WALK FROM THE PARKING LOTS. DISCONTINUOUS DECKS ARE USED OVER THE DISTRIBUTORS TO CONNECT THE SUPER BLOCKS AT THE PEDESTRIAN LEVEL; THE DISCONTINUITY ALLOWS LIGHT TO REACH THE DISTRIBUTORS. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS PROVIDE FOR SQUARES AND SMALL PARKS IN OPEN AREAS WITHIN THE SUPERBLOCKS. THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PROVIDES FOR COMPLETE SEPARATION OF PEDESTRIAN AND VEHICULAR, AS WELL AS EXPRESS AND LOCAL TRAFFIC. ALL TECHNIQUES USED WILL BE FEASIBLE WITHIN 40 YEARS; INTER-CITY TRAVEL TIME IS ONE HOUR OR LESS. /UMTA/ KW - Air cushion KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Computer programming KW - Distribution systems KW - Highways KW - Intercity transportation KW - Monorail transportation KW - People movers KW - Physical distribution KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad stations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241830 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - EAST-WEST TRANSITWAY LOCATION MILWAUKEE COUNTY TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1970/10 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO DEFINE THE LOCATION OF AND PREPARE THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR AN EAST-WEST RAPID TRANSITWAY, IN THE EAST-WEST FREEWAY OF MILWAUKEE CORRIDOR, FROM THE MILWAUKEE COUNTY LINE TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF THE CITY OF MILWAUKEE. IT PRESENTS ALL THE ALIGNMENT DATA DEVELOPED TO DATE, SUMMARIZES THE EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES, AND RECOMMENDS A NARROW CORRIDOR FOR THE ALIGNMENT OF THE TRANSITWAY. EIGHT ALTERNATIVE ROUTE LOCATIONS IN THE EAST-WEST CORRIDOR WERE CONSIDERED AND EVALUATED. THE RANK SENSITIVITY TYPE ANALYSIS WAS USED FOR ALL EVALUATIONS. THE EVALUATION PROCEDURE USED FOR THIS LOCATION ANALYSIS IS A TWO LEVEL TECHNIQUE. FIVE CRITERIA WERE CONSIDERED IN THE FIRST LEVEL EVALUATION: (1) SERVICE TO SPECIAL GENERATORS, (2) JOINT PROJECT POTENTIALS, (3) SERVICE TO THE CBD, (4) LAND-USE DISRUPTIONS, AND (5) TRANSITWAY ENGINEERING AND COSTS. BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE FIRST LEVEL EVALUATION, SEVEN TRANSITWAY ALIGNMENTS WERE CHOSEN FOR THE SECOND EVALUATION. EACH OF THESE LINES WAS SUBJECTED TO DETAILED DESIGN AND COST ANALYSES. THESE COST ESTIMATES INCLUDED RIGHT-OF-WAY, CONSTRUCTION, UTILITY, AND CONTINGENCY COST. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND LINE 3B AS THE PREFERRED TRANSITWAY ALIGNMENT. LINE 3B CONSISTENTLY OUTRANKED LINE 3A IN ITS ABILITY TO MEET THE OBJECTIVES REQUIRED OF THE EAST-WEST TRANSITWAY. THIS ALIGNMENT IS STRONGEST IN FACTORS OR OBJECTIVES WHICH RELATE TO SERVICE AND DEVELOPMENT "POTENTIALS" WHILE MINIMIZING THE DISRUPTION IMPACT ON EXISTING DEVELOPMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Computer programming KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Inner cities KW - Land use KW - Right of way KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226491 AU - Costello, M J AU - MITRE Corporation TI - REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/10 AB - THE REPORT DESCRIBES A "COMPUTER UTILITY" FOR PROVIDING REAL-TIME MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL IN A VARIETY OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF THE UTILITY IS IN ITS DATA BASE, WHICH INCLUDES A REPRESENTATION OF THE STREET NETWORK IN ANY URBAN SYSTEM FOR WHICH THE UTILITY IS EMPLOYED. THE SYSTEM MAY CONSEQUENTLY BE EMPLOYED IN A WIDE VARIETY OF MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS. IT CAN BE APPLIED TO FLEET ROUTING, AREA-WIDE TRAFFIC CONTROL, TRANSIT SYSTEM SUPPORT, AND SUCH NON-TRANSPORTATION SERVICES AS MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, GOVERNMENT PLANNING, AND MARKET RESEARCH. THE UTILITY WOULD HAVE PARTICULAR APPLICABILITY IN OPERATIONS WHICH REQUIRE DYNAMIC ROUTING OR INSTANTANEOUS LOCATION OF NON-ROUTED VEHICLES. FEASIBILITY CONSIDERATIONS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO TECHNICAL, INSTITUTIONAL, AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. EVALUATIVE CRITERIA WERE DEVELOPED PRINCIPALLY IN TERMS OF INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY AND DEMAND SATISFACTION. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT THE MAJOR OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENTATION ARE INSTITUTIONAL; IN ADDITION, COST FACTORS WERE ESTIMATED TO BE PROHIBITIVE FOR SMALLER-SIZED ORGANIZATIONS. THE AUTHOR NOTES STATE-OF-THE-ART DEVELOPMENT AND CONCLUDES THAT FEW TECHNICAL BARRIERS EXIST. A COMPLETE BIBLIOGRAPHY IS APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Communications KW - Computer programming KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239507 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - PROLOGUE TO CRISIS: DENVER TRANSIT STUDY SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/10 AB - IN ORDER TO DEVELOP AN IMPROVED MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM, IT WAS NECESSARY FOR A POLICY FRAMEWORK TO BE DERIVED. THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSIT SERVICE WERE GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF SERVICE QUALITY: (1) ROUTING, (2) LOADING, (3) FREQUENCY OF SERVICE, (4) DEPENDABILITY, (5) RANGE OF SPECIAL SERVICES, (6) FARE CHARACTERISTICS, (7) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ON ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, (8) VEHICLE DESIGN AMENITIES, (9) VEHICLE CLEANLINESS, (10) SAFETY, AND (11) RESPONSIVENESS TO PASSENGER COMMUNICATIONS. OPTIONS FOR SELECTING THE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT NECESSAEY FOR THE SUCCESS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK IS DISCUSSED. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE THE TRANSIT SERVICE BASED ON A SOUND MARKETING PROGRAM WHICH PROVIDES MORE ATTRACTIVE SERVICE TO THE CONSUMER THAN HIS AUTOMOBILE. CERTAIN MODIFICATIONS TO THE EXISTING NETWORK ARE RECOMMENDED FOR CONSIDERATION; NEW ROUTES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR CERTAIN AREAS WHICH DO NOT PRESENTLY HAVE ADEQUATE TRANSIT SERVICE. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT NO ADDITIONAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN FIXED FACILITIES SHOULD BE REQUIRED; HOWEVER, IT IS FELT THAT REPLACEMENT OF THE OLD BUSES WILL BE NECESSARY. THE AUTHORS STRESS CERTAIN PROCEDURES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS WHICH-APPEAR SUSCEPTIBLE TO COST SAVING IMPROVEMENTS UNDER PUBLIC OWNERSHIP. IN ORDER TO PUT THIS PLAN INTO ACTION, ACQUISITION OF THE DENVER TRAMWAY CORPORATION BY THE CITY AND COUNTY IS RECOMMENDED. OTHER PROPOSALS INCLUDE PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS, CONTRACTING WITH MANAGEMENT FIRMS, IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RECOMMENDED CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN, DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CUSTOMER RELATIONS AND SERVICES, AND COORDINATED SERVICE DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN THE CITY AND SUBURBS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Management KW - Private transportation KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Trip generation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242100 AU - Kaiser Engineers TI - TRANSIT ACCESS TO OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1970/10 AB - THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE TECHNICAL STUDY OF TRANSIT FEASIBILITY IN THE CORRIDOR BETWEEN A PROPOSED BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT (BART) STATION AND THE OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. A REVIEW OF POTENTIAL TRANSIT SERVICE CONCEPTS REVEALED TWO ALTERNATIVES FOR THE CORRIDOR AND FOUR VEHICLE CONCEPTS. A DETAILED TRANSIT IMPACT ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE FOUR ROUTING OPTIONS. ONE ROUTE WOULD SERVE EXISTING COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CENTERS WHILE ANOTHER WOULD SERVE THE AREAS WHERE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IS ANTICIPATED. A THIRD ROUTE WOULD SERVE THE AIRPORT EXCLUSIVELY BE PROVIDING NONSTOP SERVICE. THE FOURTH ROUTE, WITH TWO BRANCHES, COULD SERVE ALL EXISTING AND FUTURE ACTIVITY CENTERS. VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF SERVICE CONCEPTS, VEHICLE DESIGNS, AND ROUTES WERE EVALUATED TO YIELD AN OPTIMAL CONFIGURATION FOR THE CORRIDOR. A CONNECTOR ALTERNATIVE WAS FOUND TO PROVIDE MORE FREQUENT AND LOWER COST SERVICE THAN A BART EXTENSION. THE USE OF MODIFIED BART VEHICLES IN THE CONNECTOR SYSTEM WAS DEEMED NECESSARY TO MAKE THE SYSTEM COMPATIBLE WITH THE BART MAINLINE. THE FEASIBILITY STUDY ALSO DETERMINED THAT A ROUTING NETWORK DESIGNED TO SERVE FUTURE INDUSTRIAL AND AIRPORT DEVELOPMENTS WOULD BE OPTIMAL. THE TOTAL CONNECTOR ROUTE WILL SPAN APPROXIMATELY 3.8 MILES. AN IN-DEPTH FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS CONCLUDED THAT OPERATION OF THE CONNECTOR SYSTEM COULD PROVE ECONOMICALLY BENEFICIAL BOTH IN TERMS OF FAREBOX REVENUES AND THE RELIEF OF REGIONAL TRAFFIC CONGESTION. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES URBAN DESIGN CRITERIA, RESULTS OF A REGIONAL TRANSIT SURVEY, A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF PRESENT AIRPORT TRANSIT LINKS, METHODOLOGY FOR PATRONAGE FORECASTING, CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONNECTOR SYSTEM, AND INTERIM PROGRAM RIDERSHIP DATA. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Corridors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Landside capacity KW - Metropolitan Oakland International Airport KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional areas KW - Regions KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation corridors KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239506 AU - Gilman (WC) and Company Incorporated TI - DENVER TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1970/10 AB - CURRENT AND SHORTRANGE (TO 1975) PUBLIC TRANSIT NEEDS ARE DETERMINED, AND FAST AND ECONOMICAL METHODS ARE DEVELOPED TO FULFILL DENVER'S LONG-RANGE (1985) PLANS. THE STUDY CONSISTED OF NINE PHASES. PHASE 1 CONSISTED OF REFINING THE WORK PROGRAM, DEFINING RESPONSIBILITIES AND TIME SCHEDULES, ESTABLISHING OPERATING CRITERIA, AND COORDINATING SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CONSULTANT, THE CLIENT, AND THE AUTHORIZED SUBCONTRACTORS. RELEVANT DATA WAS ASSEMBLED AND COLLECTED IN PHASE 2 BY THE CONSULTANT FOR ANALYSIS IN SUBSEQUENT WORK PHASES. PHASE 3 CONSISTED OF DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE TANGIBLE ASSETS OF THE DENVER TRAMWAY CORPORATION. PHASE 4 SURVEYED WAGES AND WORKING CONDITIONS OF COMPARABLE TRANSIT PROPERTIES IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA. IN PHASE 5, RELEVANT DATA ASSEMBLED IN PHASE 2 WAS ANALYZED TO PROVIDE A BASIS FOR SUBSEQUENT RECOMMENDATIONS. IN PHASE 6, A SHORT-RANGE (FIVE YEAR) TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM WAS RECOMMENDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE OPERATING CRITERIA AGREED UPON IN PHASE 1 AND THE RESULTS OF THE PHASE 5 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND FORECASTED DATA. ADVANCE STATEMENTS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATION UNDER A RANGE OF FARE STRUCTURES WERE PROJECTED IN PHASE 7 FOR A FIVE YEAR PERIOD. IN PHASE 8, THE STAGING PROGRAM FOR THE TRANSITION FROM THE EXISTING TO THE RECOMMENDED SYSTEM WAS DEFINED; THE STAGING PLAN OUTLINED PRIORITIES, CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, SOURCES OF CAPITAL FUNDS, AND PROVIDED A SCHEDULE OF CRITICAL EVENTS. THE FINAL REPORT OF THE STUDY RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WAS PREPARED IN PHASE 9. /UMTA/ KW - Construction KW - Demographics KW - Economics KW - Forecasting KW - Fund allocations KW - Improvements KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Salaries KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240122 AU - Mouchahoir, G E AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORK TRIPS TO EMPLOYMENT CONNECTED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS PY - 1970/10 AB - THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND TRAVEL VARIABLES CONNECTED WITH EMPLOYEES OF 20 LARGE ATLANTA WORK CENTERS MAKING TRIPS TO WORK WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THEM. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL IS DEVELOPED THAT HAS CASUAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT PERMIT ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS AND CALIBRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES. THE STUDY CONCLUDED THAT FACTOR ANALYSIS AND MULTIVARIATE TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AND DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIOECONOMIC AND TRAVEL VARIABLES RELATED TO THE EMPLOYEE AND PLACE OF WORK, A POINT HIGHLY DOUBTED BEFORE THIS STUDY. A COMPONENT ANALYSIS WAS THEN USED TO DETERMINE A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL MODEL RELATING THE NUMBER OF WORK TRIP VARIABLES TO THE SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE VARIABLES. THIS SHOWED THE NUMBER OF WORK TRIPS ATTRACTED TO THE WORK CENTERS DEPENDS ON THE FLOOR SPACE OF THE CENTER, THE AVERAGE OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL, AND THE AVERAGE DISTANCE OF TRAVEL OF THE EMPLOYEES. /UMTA/ KW - Associations KW - Distance KW - Economic factors KW - Floor area KW - Mathematical models KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Occupations KW - Social factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Travel patterns KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242064 AU - City of Cleveland, Mayors Office TI - DOWNTOWN LOOP BUS PROGRAM REPORT #2 PY - 1970/10 AB - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TWO PRINCIPLE DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES--SANTA LOOP AND TERMINAL TOWER INFORMATION SYSTEM--UNDERTAKEN DURING PHASE I OF THE CLEVELAND TRANSPORTATION ACTION PROGRAM IS DESCRIBED. THE SANTA LOOP DEMONSTRATION PROJECT CONSISTED OF THE OPERATION (BETWEEN TANKSGIVING AND CHRISTMAS) OF A CLOCKWISE COUNTERCLOCKWISE LOOP BUS ROUTE WHICH CONNECTED THE ERIEVIEW COMPLEX WITH THE EUCLIDE AVENUE SHOPPING STRIP BETWEEN PUBLIC SQUARE AND PLAYHOUSE SQUARE AT A 10 CENT FARE. THE TERMINAL TOWER PROJECT WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS: (1) DEFINITION OF A PATH WITHIN TERMINAL TOWER BETWEEN THE RAPID TRANSIT PLATFORM AND PUBLIC SQUARE/LOOP BUS SYSTEM; (2) PRESENTATION OF DETAILED DOWNTOWN AND LOOP BUS INFORMATION IN TERMINAL TOWER LOBBY; (3) IMPROVEMENT OF LOOP BUS STOP AREA IN FRONT OF TERMINAL TOWER; AND (4) OPERATIONAL CHANGES IN LOOP BUS SYSTEM. SOME OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS GENERATED BY THESE PROJECTS WERE: (1) ESTABLISHMENT OF A 10 CENT LOOP FARE FROM 10:00 A.M. TO 4:00 P.M. ON ALL LOOP ROUTES TO ATTRACT INCREASED UTILIZATION OF DOWNTOWN CLEVELAND AND THE LOOP SYSTEM; (2) IMPLEMENTATION OF A SPECIAL LOOP BUS SHOPPER SERVICE (MONDAY THROUGH STAURDAY) AS SOON AS POSSIBLE ALONG EUCLIDE AVENUE, OPERATING FROM 10:00 A.M. UNTIL ONE-HALF AFTER STORES CLOSE; AND (3) DISPLAY OF RELEVANT DISTINATION DATA, IN ADDITION TO ROUTE DESIGNATIONS ON THE FRONT, SIDE, AND REAR OF ALL LOOP BUSES AS PART OF THE COMPREHENSIVE LOOP BUS INFORMATION SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Bus loops KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241771 AU - Baum, M S AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - COST AND BENEFIT EVALUATION OF TE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 4 PY - 1970/10 AB - BENEFITS AND COSTS OF THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY OPERATION TO PATRONS, AUTO DRIVERS, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC WERE ESTIMATE ON THE BASIS OF A 1968 SURVEY OF PASSENGERS RIDING REGULARLY SCHEDULED BUS LINES. A HOUSEHOLD SURVEY OF SACRAMENTO RESIDENTS MADE BY THE CALIFORNIA STATE DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS WAS ALSO USED IN THE ANALYSIS. TRAVEL TIME WAS ASSIGNED A VALUE OF $1.55 TO $3.75 PER HOUR. BENEFITS AND COSTS WERE ESTIMATED FOR PEAK AND OFF-PEAK PERIODS. UNDER THE ASSUMPTIONS USED IN THIS STUDY, THE TOTAL BENEFITS EXCEED COSTS BY $2.661 TO $3.912 MILLION, DEPENDING ON THE VALUE ASSIGNED TRAVEL TIME. BENEFITS FROM THE OPERATION OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM ACCRUE TO AUTOMOBILE USERS IN THE FORM OF LESS STREET AND HIGHWAY CONGESTION, LESS SMOG, AND LOWERED WELFARE COSTS. SOME RIDERS LACKING OTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION WOULD BE UNABLE TO RETAIN THEIR EMPLOYMENT AND WOULD CHANGE THEIR STATUS FROM PRODUCERS AND TAX CONTRIBUTORS TO CHARGES UPON SOCIETY. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Data collection KW - Passengers KW - Present value KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Travel time KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241997 AU - Wilbanks, T J AU - Syracuse University TI - MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY-PROGRAM REPORT I - OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 5 PY - 1970/10 AB - THIS REPORT, THE FIRST IN A SERIES DESIGNED TO EXAMINE "ACCESSIBILITY" AND ITS EFFECTS ON LAND USE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR, SURVEYS THE PRESENT METHODS OF MEASURING ACCESSIBILITY. EXISTING MEASUREMENTS LAY STRESS ON TIME AND DISTANCE RELATIONSHIPS AT THE EXPENSE OF MORE DETAILED ATTENTION TO HUMAN BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES. SEVERAL FACTORS MAY AFFECT THE LEAST-EFFORT EVALUATION OF DISTANCE (I.E.,HUMAN PREFERENCE AMONG LOCATIONS IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE EFFORT NECESSARY TO TRAVEL TO THEM). THESE INCLUDE: (1) TIME COSTS; (2) NONLINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS OF DISTANCE IN HUMAN JUDGEMENTS (I.E., THE INHIBITING EFFECT OF A DISTANCE INCREMENT MAY VARY WITH THE INITIAL DISTANCE TO WHICH THE INCREMENT IS APPENDED); AND (3) DISTORTIONS OF SPACE BY "MENTAL MAPS" WHICH REFLECT VALUE JUDGMENTS IMPOSED BY THE INDIVIDUAL. THE CURRENT INDICES OF ACCESSIBILITY ARE DIVIDED BETWEEN TWO BROAD CATEGORIES: THOSE THAT EMPLOY ADAPTATIONS OR COMPONENTS OF MASS-GRAVITY INTERACTION MODELS; AND THOSE THAT EMPLOY NETWORK INTERACTION MODELS TO ACCOMMODATE A FACTOR TO REPRESENT "INTERVENING OPPORTUNITIES." DERIVATION OF EACH EMPIRICAL MODEL AND RELEVANT EQUATIONS ARE PROVIDED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE BASIC SCHEME FOR CALCULATING ACCESSIBILITY VALUES IS SUFFICIENTLY STRAIGHTFORWARD, BUT PROBLEMS ARISE IN THE PREPARATION OF DATA INPUTS. WHILE THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCESSIBILITY IN HUMAN TRAVEL DECISIONS HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED, ACCESSIBILITY MEASUREMENT HAS NOT PROVIDED FOR A SYSTEMATIC INTEGRATION OF MODAL PREFERENCE DATA OR FOR THE HYPOTHESIS THAT MODAL CHOICE MAY ECLIPSE DISTANCE FACTORS IN TRAVEL PLANNING. ALSO, VARIOUS KINDS OF ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS (E.G., HOMES, SHOPPING, OFFICES, RECREATION) DIFFER IN NATURE AND THUS REFLECT EQUALLY DIFFERENT ACCESS-VALUE PATTERNS. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Behavior KW - Land use KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Perception KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240057 AU - Mouchahoir, G E AU - University of Georgia, Experiment TI - THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORK TRIPS TO EMPLOYMENT CONNECTED SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS PY - 1970/10 AB - THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND TRAVEL VARIABLES CONNECTED WITH EMPLOYEES OF 20 LARGE ATLANTA WORK CENTERS MAKING TRIP TO WORK WERE ANALYZED TO DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THEM. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL IS ATTEMPTED HAVING CAUSAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS PROVIDING AN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS AND CALIBRATION OF FORECASTING TECHNIQUES. THE STUDY CONCLUDED THAT FACTOR ANALYSIS MULTIVARIATE STATISTIAL TECHNIQUES CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE INTERRELATIONSHIP AND DEGREE OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TRAVEL VARIABLES RELATED TO THE EMPLOYEE AND PLACE OF WORK, A POINT HIGHLY DOUBTED BEFORE THIS STUDY. A COMPONENT ANALYSIS MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUE WAS THEN USED TO DETERMINE A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL MODEL RELATING THE NUMBER OF WORK TRIP VARIABLES TO THE SIGNIFICANT EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE VARIABLES. THIS SHOWED THE NUMBER OF WORK TRIPS ATTRACTED TO THE WORK CENTERS DEPENDS ON THE FLOOR SPACE OF THE CENTER, THE AVERAGE OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL AND THE AVERAGE DISTANCE OF TRAVEL OF THE EMPLOYEES. /UMTA/ KW - Employment KW - Multivariate analysis KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239464 AU - Montg & Gr Cnty Transp & Dev Plng Prog TI - INTERIM TRANSIT STUDY - FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/09/07 AB - CAUGHT IN THE FAMILIAR CYCLE OF RISING COSTS AND DIMINISHING PATRONAGE, TO THE POINT AT WHICH THE MAJOR BUS LINE WAS CONSIDERING CURTAILMENT OF ALL SERVICES, THE MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN THE OHIO COUNTIES OF GREENE AND MONTGOMERY WERE SUBJECTED TO AN ANALYSIS WHOSE GOALS WERE PRESERVATION AND MAINTENANNCE OF EXISTING SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL CAPABILITIES TO IMPROVE THE SERVICES RENDERED BY A FUTURE SYSTEM. THE ANALYSIS ENCOMPASSED OPERATING COMPANIES, LEVELS OF SERVICE, ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, LOAD FACTORS, SUBURBAN SERVICE, EQUIPMENT CONDITION, PASSENGER AND SERVICE TRENDS, FARE STRUCTURES, MAINTENANCE FACILITIES, OPERATING COSTS, REVENUES, MARKETING AND ADVERTISING, AND LABOR AGREEMENTS. THE PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED INCLUDED LACK OF COORDINATION AMONG THE OPERATIONS OF DIFFERENT LINES. INADEQUATE FUNDING, OBSOLETE EQUIPMENT AND ROLLING STOCK, AUTOMATIC FARE INCREASES TO COVER RISING COSTS, INFLEXIBLE REGULATION BY THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION, UNDER CAPITALIZATION AND MINIMAL CAPITAL REINVESTMENT, LACK OF PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, IMBALANCE IN PUBLIC INVESTMENTS BETWEEN HIGHWAYS AND TRANSIT, AND FAILURE TO REGARD TRANSIT AS A NECESSARY PUBLIC SERVICE. A DETAILED IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE IS OUTLINED THAT ADDRESSES THE DEFICIENCIES THAT WERE INDENTIFIED, AND POTENTIAL FUNDING SOURCES ARE DISCUSSED. KW - Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Counties KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Laws KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Urban transportation KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239544 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: ATLANTA PY - 1970/09 AB - THE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PROVIDES AN EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO THE AUTOMOBILE ONLY WHEN THE LATTER IS UNABAILABLE OR INCONVENIENT TO USE. SINCE WORLD WAR II, ATLANTA'S MAIN TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT HAS BEEN AN EXPRESSWAY NETWORK SUPPLEMENTED BY FIVE ARTERIAL HIGHWAYS RADIATING OUT FROM THE HEART OF THE CITY. IN A RADIUS OF ROUGHLY THREE MILES FROM THE DOWNTOWN SECTION, THESE ARTERIALS MUST CROSS A BELT OF RAILROAD LINES THAT ACT AS A TRAFFIC BARRIER IN MUCH THE SAME WAY THAT A RIVER DOES IN OTHER CITIES. AT THESE CORDON POINTS, TRAFFIC FLOW IS RESTRICTED. THE EXPRESSWAYS HAVE HIGH VOLUMES OF TRAFFIC, PARTICULARLY ON APPROACHES TO THE CENTER CITY. AN INITIAL PROPOSAL FOR THE ATLANTA CCTP WAS THE INSTITUTION OF SHUTTLE BUS SERVICE BETWEEN DOWNTOWN AND UNDERUTILIZED PARKING LOTS AT THE STADIUM AND CIVIC CENTER. THE ATLANTA TRANSIT SYSTEM (ATS) HAD THE BUSES, AND THERE WAS SUFFICIENT PARKING LOTS IN THE AREA. THE ATS WAS WILLING TO BEGIN OPERATING SHUTTLE BUSES AT ONCE WITHOUT ANY FINANCIAL AID, PROVIDED THAT THE CITY MADE ITS PARKING LOTS AVAILABLE. DURING DECEMBER, 1969, THE SERVICE OPERATED FOR 14 HOURS DAILY THROUGH THE DOWNTOWN AREA. THE SERVICE CHARGE WAS 50found FOR A PARKING SPACE AND ROUND TRIP BUS RIDE TO AND FROM DOWNTOWN FOR EACH OCCUPANT OF THE PARKED CAR. THE ATS PROVIDED BUSES, DRIVERS, AND PARKING LOT ATTENDANTS; THE CITY FURNISHED THE PARKING LOTS AT NO COST, AND DOWNTOWN BUSINESS INTERESTS HELPED WITH THE INITIAL PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN. ALTHOUGH THE 50found FARE COVERED ONLY ABOUT 30% OF THE OPERATING COSTS ORIGIN AND DESTINATION SURVEYS REVEALED THAT OVER ONE-HALF OF THE RIDERS USED THE SERVICE REGULARLY AND THAT THERE WAS HIGH LATENT DEMAND. DOWNTOWN PARKING STUDIES SHOWED THAT THERE WAS AN EMERGING PARKING PROBLEM, PARTICULARLY IN THE CORE OF THE CENTER CITY WHERE THERE IS ALREADY A SHORTAGE OF LONG-TERM PARKING FACILITIES. TO COMPOUND THIS PROBLEM, CURRENTLY PLANNED NEW OFFICE CONSTRUCTION WILL GENERATE A PARKING DEMAND CONSERVATIVELY ESTIMATED AT 1,000 NEW SPACES PER YEAR. THESE PROBLEMS INDICATE A NEED FOR PERIPHERAL PARKING FACILITIES IN THE NEAR FUTURE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Businesses KW - Demand KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Land use KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239545 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: DALLAS PY - 1970/09 AB - A SIGNIFICANT SOURCE OF CORE AREA CONGESTION IN DALLAS, TEXAS, IS CONFLICTS BETWEEN DELIVERY TRUCKS AND OTHER TRAFFIC. THE CITY LACKS EXTENSIVE ALLEYWAYS AND OFF-STREET LOADING DOCKS; CONSEQUENTLY, 80% OF ALL DELIVERIES ARE MADE THROUGH THE FRONT DOORS OF BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS. IF THIS PATTERN OF CURBSIDE DELIVERY IS ALLOWED TO CONTINUE, BY 1985 NEARLY ALL AVAILABLE CURB SPACE IN THE CORE AREA WOULD HAVE TO BE DESIGNATED AS LOADING ZONES. THE CCTP TEAM CONCENTRATED ON IMPLEMENTING THE FIRST FOUR SECTORS OF AN EVENTUAL SYSTEM OF NINE TRUCK-TUNNEL COMPARTMENTS, DESCRIBED IN THE 1969 CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT MASTER PLAN. A TUNNEL UNDER AUSTIN AND MAIN STREETS WOULD SERVE 20 ACRES INCLUDING MAIN PLACE. THANKS-GIVING SQUARE WOULD BE CONVERTED TO A PARK. A TRUCK TUNNEL BUILT AT THE TIME OF CONVERSION WOULD SERVE A 13-ACRE AREA. THE CITY HALL--CONVENTION CENTER COMPLEX WOULD BE SERVED BY A TRUCK TUNNEL THAT DOUBLES AS AN AUTOMOBILE CONNECTOR TO THE PARKING GARAGES. A TRUCK TUNNEL AT GRIFFIN SQUARE HAS THE OPTION OF LATER TYING INTO THE UNUSED SANTA FE RAILROAD TUNNEL TO LINK UP WITH THE AUSTIN- MAIN TUNNEL. ESTIMATED COST FOR THESE FOUR TUNNELS IS $19 MILLION. A SECOND RECOMMENDED PROJECT WAS A MULTIPURPOSE COMPLEX OF TERMINALS USED AS COMBINATION PARKING GARAGES AND INTERMODAL TRANSFER POINTS THAT PROVIDE FACILITIES FOR AUTOMOBILE AND BUS TRANSIT AND EVENTUALLY FOR RAPID RAIL AND PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEMS. VISITORS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT WILL ARRIVE BY AUTO, PARK THEIR CARS, AND PROCEED BY BUS OR PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY TO THEIR DESTINATIONS. THE THIRD PROPOSED PROJECT FOR DALLAS IS CONVERSION OF MAIN STREET INTO AN EXCLUSIVE BUSWAY. ANALYSIS OF BUS ROUTES REVEALED THAT IF BUSES ON ELM, COMMERCE, AND PACIFIC STREETS WERE MOVED TO MAIN STREET, 294 BUSES WOULD BE USING MAIN STREET DURING THE EVENING PEAK HOUR. ELIMINATING THE CONFLICT OF BUSES AND AUTOMOBILES WOULD REDUCE DELAYS TO BUSES, REDUCE WAITING TIMES AT INTERSECTIONS AND ALONG THE CURB LANES, AND RESULT IN AN OVERALL SPEEDUP OF TRAVEL TIMES OVER THE LENGTH OF THE BUS STREET. /UMTA/ KW - Bus streets KW - Buses KW - Busways KW - Central business districts KW - Delivery service KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - On street parking KW - Parking garages KW - Retail trade KW - Streets KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Truck loading facilities KW - Trucks KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241983 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT PY - 1970/09 AB - THE STUDY AREA IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO ITS STREET SYSTEM, TRAFFIC PATTERNS, PARKING FACILITIES, PARKING DEMAND, TRANSPORTATION USER CHARACTERISTICS, AND TRUCK ACTIVITY. THE ANALYSIS PROJECTS CONTINUED ECONOMIC VITALITY IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT WHICH WILL GENERATE ADDITIONAL FUTURE DEMANDS ON THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. THE CITY IS SERVED EFFECTIVELY BY A PUBLIC BUS TRANSIT NETWORK. ALTHOUGH PARKING IS SUFFICIENT TO MEET DEMANDS, EXISTING FACILITIES ARE OFTEN POORLY LOCATED TO SERVE MAJOR TRIP GENERATORS. TRUCK LOADING SPACES ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO SATISFY DEMAND, AND THE REPORT RECOMMENDS EXPANSION AND ENFORCEMENT OF PARKING REGULATIONS TO ELIMINATE CURBSIDE LOADING OPERATIONS. ALL RELEVANT DATA CONCERNING MODAL SPLIT, USER CHARACTERISTICS, TRIP PATTERNS, AND PEDESTRIAN VOLUME ARE DOCUMENTED AND COMPARED TO SIMILAR DATA FROM OTHER CITIES. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO LAND ACTIVITY, PARKING SUPPLY, RELOCATION OF THE CENTRAL BUS TRANSFER CENTER, CONSTRUCTION OF A METRO CENTER, AND COMPLETION OF THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM. THREE ALTERNATIVE POLICIES FOR EXPANDING CENTER CITY PARKING FACILITIES ARE ALSO COMPARED. SURVEY DATA WAS ANALYZED WITH REFERENCE TO TRIP GENERATION, TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION, PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL, AND TRANSIT TRIPS TO YIELD A RECOMMENDED TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PLAN. SUGGESTED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ARE EXAMINED WITHIN THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT OF DOWNTOWN NASHVILLE FOR THE STREET SYSTEM, PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES, PARKING, PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT, AND TRUCK ACTIVITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Freight transportation KW - Modal split KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Transportation planning KW - Trip generation KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239541 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT--DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1970/09 AB - THE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT (CCTP) EMPLOYED A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO GENERATE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE CORE CITIES OF ATLANTA, DALLAS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, AND SEATTLE. URBAN SPRAWL AND SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT ARE REFLECTED IN CHANGING PATTERNS OF INTRAURBAN MOBILITY, WITH CONSEQUENT PROBLEMS FOR TRANSIT PLANNING. DISPARITIES AMONG KEY VARIABLES IN THE MAJOR CITIES HAVE PRODUCED AN IRREGULAR PATTERN OF REQUIREMENTS TO WHICH A STANDARDIZED, NATIONAL APPROACH CANNOT ADDRESS ITSELF. SIMULTANEOUSLY, FUNCTIONAL AND SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE CENTER CITIES CHANGE TOO RAPIDLY FOR LONG-RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLANS TO HAVE ADEQUATE NEAR-TERM IMPACT. THE CCTP WAS DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH PRIORITIES FOR NEAR-TERM IMPROVEMENTS AND THE EVENTUAL ACCOMMODATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES, PARTICULARLY PROGRAMS WHICH EMPHASIZE THE MARKETING OF EXISTING PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS. INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS REPRESENT THE PRINCIPAL OBSTACLES TO IMPROVE CENTER CITY MOBILITY. THE LACK OF PLANNING COORDINATION, THE JURISDICTIONAL DIVISIONS AMONG MODES, AND THE LACK OF VIABLE FINANCING ALTERNATIVES IN URBAN GOVERNMENTS ARE EXAMPLES OF THESE PROBLEMS. IN ADDITION, URBAN GOVERNMENTS ARE HAMPERED IN THEIR ABILITY TO RAISE THEIR SHARE OF MATCHING FUNDS, AND PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE RELEGATED TO A LOW PRIORITY IN THE COMPETITION FOR SCARCE LOCAL REVENUES. THE REPORT RECOMMENDS A GENERAL REEXAMINATION OF FEDERAL GRANTS PROGRAMS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE PARTICIPATION BY MORE LOCALITIES. THE REPORT DESCRIBES AND EXAMINES STRATEGIES FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT IN CITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES. THE AUTHORS NOTE PARTICULARLY THAT FEDERAL PROGRAMMING SHOULD EMPHASIZE PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN AREAS OF MODERATE SIZE WHERE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ARE NOT YET FACING THE CRISES FOUND IN THE LARGEST CITIES. A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE COMMUNITY LEADERS IS ALSO RECOMMENDED AS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN FASHIONING INNOVATIVE PROJECTS TO UPGRADE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH PROPOSALS FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IN EACH OF THE FIVE CITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Cities KW - City government KW - Coordination KW - Federal aid KW - Governments KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239480 AU - National Urban Coalition TI - A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION: 21 CITIES PY - 1970/09 AB - URBAN PLANNING AND CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS IN 21 MAJOR UNITED STATES CITIES ARE EXAMINED. SEVERAL EXISTING BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ARE DISCUSSED. MODIFICATION OF PRESENT LOCAL AND FEDERAL PRACTICES AND INCREASING FEDERAL FUNDING FOR LOCAL TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS ARE RECOMMENDED. CRITERIA FOR THE EVALUATION OF CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROPOSALS BY FEDERAL ADMINISTRATORS ARE DEFINED. INCREASED FEDERAL FUNDING IS ALSO RECOMMENDED TO PROVIDE IN-HOUSE PLANNING STAFFS WITH CONCEPT TEAM CAPABILITIES AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO INCREASED RELIANCE ON OUTSIDE CONSULTANTS AND AD HOC COMMITTEES WHICH LACK LONG-RANGE COORDINATION. INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION OF CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. PROBLEMS OF LOCAL COORDINATION OFTEN ARISING FROM THE LACK OF CENTRALIZED TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT WITH BROAD, MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL AUTHORITY ARE EMPHASIZED. FUNDING PROBLEMS AT BOTH THE LOCAL AND FEDERAL LEVELS ARE EXAMINED. IN ADDITION, EVALUATIVE CRITERIA FOR PROPOSED CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS ARE SYNTHESIZED. A COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS UNDERWAY IN THE 21 CITIES STUDIES WHICH INCLUDES A DETAILED PROFILE OF EACH CITY WITH REFERENCE TO GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTER CITY AREA, EXISTING URBAN PLANNING AND METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT FRAMEWORKS, COORDINATION AMONG CITY PLANNING AGENCIES, AND MAJOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS UNDERWAY IS PROVIDED. EACH PROFILE IS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MAPS AND A SCHEMATIC ILLUSTRATION OF THE PLANNING PROCESS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Governments KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Transportation KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131254 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239546 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: DENVER PY - 1970/09 AB - THE MAJOR EFFORT OF THE CCTP TEAM IN DENVER, COLORADO, WAS THE STUDY OF TERMINAL AND DISTRIBUTION FACILITIES, IN WHICH THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS WERE INCLUDED: (1) LAND USE, (2) EMPLOYMENT, (3) CORDON TRAFFIC COUNTS, (4) PARKING INVENTORY, (5) INTERVIEWS WITH BUS PASSENGERS, (6) HOME INTERVIEWS IN 997 METROPOLITAN AREA HOUSEHOLDS, AND (7) CONSUMER PANEL DISCUSSIONS. THE DENVER FREEWAYS DO NOT DIRECTLY SERVE THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, AND ACCESS IS LIMITED BY THE SMALL NUMBER OF VIADUCTS OVER THE VALLEY. THE CONJUNCTION OF SEPARATE STREET GRIDS ALONG WEST COLFAX AVENUE AND BROADWAY CREATES DIFFICULT INTERSECTIONS AND CONGESTION. THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE INCREASING FARES AND CURTAILING SERVICES, WHILE THE POPULATION REMAINS OVERWHELMINGLY AUTOMOBILE-ORIENTED. DENVER ALSO SUFFERS FROM A PARKING DEFICIENCY OF 11,000 PARKING SPACES IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. TWO ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF IMPROVED DOWNTOWN CIRCULATION ARE AN AUTOMOBILE INTERCEPT STRATEGY AND AN IMPROVED LINEHAUL SYS- TEM TO BRING PEOPLE DOWNTOWN. THE AUTOMOBILE INTERCEPT COM- BINES FACILITIES AND SERVICE THAT INDUCE THE CITY-BOUND MO- TORIST TO CHANGE TO PUBLIC TRANSIT AT AN APPROPRIATE DIS- TANCE FROM THE CBD. THERMINAL FACILITIES SUCH AS PARKING GA- RAGES WITH ADDITIONAL SERVICES SUCH AS CONVENIENCE SHOPS, WOULD BE JOINED TO TRANSIT SYSTEMS THAT CAN BE BOARDED IN THE PARKING GARAGES TO PROVIDE FREQUENT RAPID SERVICE TO CBD DESTINATIONS. THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS ARE ALSO RECOMMENDED: (1) INITIATION OF A CBD MINI-LOOP SERVICE FOR INTERNAL CIR- CULATION; (2) CONCENTRATION OF THE DOWNTOWN SECTIONS OF REGIONAL BUS ROUTES INTO TWO CORRIDORS ON 16TH AND 17TH STREETS AND ON STOUT AND CHAMPA STREETS; (3) EXPANSION OF THE ONE-WAY VIADUCT COUPLETS ACROSS THE PLATTE RIVER VALLEY BY UPGRADING THE QUALITY AND INCREASING THE NUMBER AND CAPACITY OF RIVER CROSSINGS; AND (4) DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSIVE UPGRADING OF A REGIONAL BUS SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Park and ride KW - Parking garages KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transferring KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239528 AU - Real Estate Research Corporation TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT-INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/09 AB - CENTER CITY PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTITUTIONS ARE EXAMINED FOR FIVE MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS: PITTSBURGH, DENVER, DALLAS, ATLANTA, AND SEATTLE. INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS ARE ANALYZED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO: (1) THE PHILOSOPHY OF CURRENT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING; (2) LAND USE, ENVIRONMENT, AND TRANSPORTATION; (3) PLANNING, OPERATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION; (4) THE GEOGRAPHIC SCALE AND LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT; (5) CURRENT SOURCES OF FINANCING; (6) INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN A MULTI-MODAL URBAN SYSTEM. SEVERAL GUIDELINES WERE DEVELOPED FOR SELECTING AND ORGANIZING INSTITUTIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION. SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS WERE DEVELOPED FOR INSTITUTIONAL REFORM AT ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT. EXISTING STATE, METROPOLITAN, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ARE EXAMINED GENERALLY AND COMPARED WITH SEVERAL POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES FASHIONED FOR EACH. THE ALTERNATIVE POLICY-PLANNING CONFIGURATIONS REPRESENT VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF MODAL SPECIFICITY, INDEPENDANCE, AND INTEGRATION (EG. WITH LAND USE PLANNING). RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CENTER CITY MANAGEMENT ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO FIVE SPECIFIC TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONS; AUTO DIVERSION, PEOPLE AND GOODS DISTRIBUTION, PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION, AND MOBILITY FOR TRANSIT CAPTIVES. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Central business districts KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Land use KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239542 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT--FINANCING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/09 AB - PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS HAVE EMPHASIZED HIGHWAYS AND AERONAUTICS AT THE EXPENSE OF MASS TRANSIT AT A TIME WHEN THE LATTER ARE CAUGHT IN A CYCLE OF RISING COSTS, FARE HIKES, AND PATRONAGE DECLINES. FIVE WORKING HYPOTHESES WERE GENERATED TO EVALUATE FUNDING ALTERNATIVES IN THE CENTERS OF ATLANTA, DALLAS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, AND SEATTLE: (1) STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WILL CONTINUE TO EXPERIENCE FISCAL PROBLEMS AND SPENDING--REVENUE GAPS; (2) THE IMAGE OF TRANSIT AS A "LOSER" INDUSTRY, UNLESS SOON REVERSED, WILL PRODUCE A PERMANENT ALIENATION AMONG VOTERS AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS; (3) THE OPTIMAL TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM WILL EMPHASIZE INCREMENTAL PROJECTS RATHER THAN MAJOR OVERHAUL; (4) COMMUNITY RESOURCES WILL BE REQUIRED TO DEFRAY LABOR COSTS, WHILE CAPITAL AND SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS MUST BE FUNDED BY HIGHER LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT; AND (5) EVIDENCE OF A SUBSTANTIAL FEDERAL TRANSIT FINANCING DEVICE WILL ENHANCE THE POTENTIAL FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO ASSEMBLE SUPPORTIVE FINANCING FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS. THE FEDERAL FINANCING OPTIONS EXPLORED ARE: (1) FINANCING THROUGH THE FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS; (2) PREFINANCING SCHEMES; (3) FINANCING THROUGH A QUASIPUBLIC FEDERAL CORPORATION; (4) AUGMENTATION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE HIGHWAY TRUST FUND; (5) SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION REVENUE SHARING. SPECIFIC ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH ALTERNATIVE ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. LOCAL FINANCING OPTIONS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO PROPERTY TAXATION, SALES TAX, VEHICLE REGISTRATION FEES, DOWNTOWN PARKING SURCHARGES, LOCAL TAX RELIEF, ROAD PRICING, AND BENEFIT-ASSESSMENT LAND-VALUE STRATEGIES. IN ADDITION, THE ROLE OF STATE GOVERNMENT IN FINANCING MASS TRANSPORTATION IS EXAMINED, PARTICULARLY AS A CATALYST FOR ATTRACTING SUPPORT BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS. BASIC TO ANY SOLUTION OF THE "COST/FARE SQUEEZE" IS ABANDONMENT OF USER CHARGES TO FINANCE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. IN ADDITION, INCREASED LOCAL AND STATE FUNDING IS RECOMMENDED TO PERMIT GREATER PARTICIPATION IN EXISTING FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS. THE AUTHORS ALSO RECOMMEND REASSESSMENT OF THE FEDERAL ROLE TO EMBRACE BROADER FUNDING OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND RESEARCH, LONG-TERM BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT, AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE HIGHWAY TRUST FUND TO SUPPORT MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTS. OPERATING DEFICITS WOULD, HOWEVER, REMAIN A STATE AND/OR LOCAL CONCERN. /UMTA/ KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239543 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT -- CONSUMER ANALYSIS GUIDELINE PY - 1970/09 AB - PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES MAY BE VIEWED AS A CONSUMER PRODUCT, WITH CONSEQUENT REQUIREMENTS FOR MARKET ANALYSIS AND PROMOTION. A STUDY OF CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION IN FIVE MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS (ATLANTA, DALLAS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, AND SEATTLE) REVEALED A SUBJECTIVE COMPONENT IN MODAL CHOICE DECISIONS. FORECASTS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR SHOULD BECOME INTEGRAL FACTORS IN THE TRANSIT PLANNING PROCESS, AND THE COMMUNITY SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN GENERAL TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING. A CONTINUOUS PLANNING AND INFORMATION PROGRAM THAT WOULD EMPLOY MARKET RESEARCH DATA SHOULD BE DEVELOPED. AS STATIC "MASTER PLANS" HAVE NOT PROVED SUCCESSFUL, A DYNAMIC PLANNING PROCESS SHOULD BE SUBSTITUTED. IN THIS CONTEXT, MARKET RESEARCH WOULD PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS DATA FLOW WITH WHICH TRANSIT OPERATORS, GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS, AND RELATED PLANNING AGENCIES COULD UPDATE AND MODIFY ON-GOING PROGRAMS AND SERVICES. THREE SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE MADE FOR ACTIONS UMTA CAN TAKE TO ENCOURAGE MARKET-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING BY LOCAL AGENCIES: (1) FEDERALLY-ASSISTED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS SHOULD EMPHASIZE A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TRANSIT MARKET AND CONSUMERS. (2) NATIONAL MARKET-TESTING TECHNIQUES SHOULD BE APPLIED IN VARIOUS CITIES TO HELP DEVELOP AND TEST UNDERSTANDING OF CONSUMER MARKET BEHAVIOR. (3) MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN MARKET- ORIENTED RESEARCH SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO LOCAL AND REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES. APPENDED MATERIAL DOCUMENTS THE RESULTS OF HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONDUCTED IN EACH OF THE FIVE CENTER CITY AREAS. THESE ARE PRESENTED AS REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES OF MARKET RESEARCH. EACH IS CONCERNED ESSENTIALLY WITH CONSUMER RESPONSES TO SPECIFIC SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS IN AN ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE SALIENT CONSUMER ISSUES AND PRACTICES. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Data collection KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240734 AU - Real Estate Research Corporation TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT - JOINT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/09 AB - THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT INCLUDE FISCAL SUPPORT OF THE CENTRAL CITY, FUNDING OF TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS, STRENGTHENING OF GENERAL CENTER CITY DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS, MAXIMIZING CENTER CITY LAND USAGE, PROVIDING OPPORTUNITIES FOR URBAN RESIDENTS, AND SECURING COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR EXPANSIVE RENEWAL PROGRAMMING. ALTHOUGH JOINT DEVELOPMENT OFFERS FINANCIAL ADVANTAGES WHICH DERIVE FROM PRIVATE INVESTMENTS IN PROJECTS THAT WOULD OTHERWISE REQUIRE TOTAL PUBLIC FUNDING, THERE ARE SEVERAL EXISTING BARRIERS TO THE APPLICATION OF THE EFFECTIVE JOINT DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS BY URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS: (1) RELIANCE BY LOCAL PLANNERS ON EXTERNAL FUNDING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION; (2) THE LACK OF A FEDERAL COMMITMENT TO JOINT DEVELOPMENT AS A MEANS OF REDUCING FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR LOCAL TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS; (3) CONCENTRATION ON MINIMIZING DIRECT COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION BY LOCAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATORS; (4) THE LACK OF SUFFICIENT ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES TO REVEAL THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USAGE; (5) FUNCTIONAL SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION AND OTHER ASPECTS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT; (6) THE LACK OF A CLEARLY MANDATED LOCAL AUTHORITY TO SPONSOR JOINT DEVELOPMENT; (7) THE LACK OF UNIFORM REGULATION OF TRANSPORTATION MODES AMONG DIFFERENT CITIES; AND (8) THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE POTENTIAL ROLE FOR JOINT DEVELOPMENT IN OVERALL URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES. THREE BASIC JOINT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. PASSIVE STRATEGIES DO NOT SOLICIT EXTERNAL SUPPORT FOR TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS. PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ATTEMPT TO PROMOTE PRIVATE FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS IN CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. SEED DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES INVOLVE GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE MULTI- PURPOSE LAND USE AROUND A TRANSPORTATION CENTER WHICH IT IS HOPED WILL ATTRACT SUBSTANTIAL PRIVATE ACTIVITY IN THE TRANSIT IMPACT AREA. A DETAILED GUIDELINE FOR STRATEGY SELECTION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SPECIFIC URBAN CONDITIONS IS PROVIDED. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IS ALSO EXAMINED. SEVERAL SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ADVANCED FOR FEDERAL, STATE, AND URBAN GOVERNMENTS TO BETTER EMPLOY JOINT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN THEIR PLANNING STRUCTURES. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS EMPHASIZE CREATION OF SPECIAL MULTI-PURPOSE PLANNING AGENCIES AND INCENTIVE FUNDING THROUGH GRANTS-IN-AID. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH GENERAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTING AND EVALUATING PROPOSED JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Density KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Investments KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228243 AU - Illinois Institute of Technology TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION: A METHODOLOGY AS FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING AN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1970/09 AB - THE PROJECT IS DIVIDED BETWEEN TWO PARTS: (1) DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY USING COMPUTERS TO SOLVE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS, AND (2) APPLICATION OF THIS METHOD IN DEFINING A SPECIFIC MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE COMPUTER IS USED TO ORGANIZE INFORMATION AND PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE STRUCTURE OF A SELECTED PROBLEM. THE REPORT DETAILS THE METHOD FOR PROBLEM ANALYSIS THROUGH RESEARCH, DATA REVIEW, FORMATION OF A STRUCTURAL MODEL, AND SOLUTION SYNTHESIS. THE ACTUAL DESIGN SOLUTION OUTLINED CONSISTS OF COMPUTER-CONTROLLED COMPACT TRANSIT VEHICLES SEATING UP TO THREE PERSONS, OPERATING ON ENCLOSED RIGHTS OF WAY ON A GRID SYSTEM THROUGHOUT THE METROPOLITAN AREA SPECIFIED. PASSENGERS PROGRAM THEIR OWN VEHICLES BY MEANS OF A REACTIVE DISPLAY WITHIN THE VEHICLE. VEHICLE ROUTING AND MOVEMENT ARE ENTIRELY CONTROLLED BY THE CENTRAL COMPUTER, FREEING THE TRAVELER FROM OPERATIONAL DECISION-MAKING NOW ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOMOBILE DRIVING. THE SYSTEM PROPOSED WOULD BE AVAILABLE 24-HOURS A DAY, AND WOULD SERVE DIFFERENT PASSENGER REQUIREMENTS (E.G. HANDICAPPED AND ELDERLY TRAVELERS) WITH A WIDE RANGE OF BARRIER-FREE ACCESS CAPABILITIES. DETAILED COST ANALYSIS WAS NOT AN ASPECT OF THE DESIGN SOLUTION. /UMTA/ KW - Computers KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Transit vehicles KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239481 AU - City of Cleveland, Mayors Office TI - THE J & L STORY - A MANPOWER/TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT NUMBER ONE PY - 1970/09 AB - THE CLEVELAND TRANSPORTATION ACTION PROGRAM INITIATED AND OPERATED A FIXED ROUTE, EMPLOYMENT- ORIENTED BUS SERVICE BETWEEN FOUR INNER-CITY NEIGHBORHOODS AND THE JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORP. (J & L). THE J & L SERVICE WAS COMPOSED OF TWO ROUTES, EACH SERVED BY A 53-PASSENGER BUS THREE TIMES A DAY, SEVEN DAYS A WEEK IN EACH DIRECTION FOR THIRTY-EIGHT WEEKS (SEPTEMBER, 1969 - JUNE, 1970). THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES WERE TO PROVIDE INNER CITY RESIDENTS WITH IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND TO ASSIST IN MAKING THE MANPOWER PROGRAM IN CLEVELAND MORE EFFECTIVE. THE MAJOR IMPLICATIONS DRAWN FROM THIS STUDY WERE: (1) ANY INNER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT THAT IS JOB-RELATED HAS A LARGE MANPOWER COMPONENT. IT IS ESSENTIAL TO INSURE THAT THE EMPLOYER AND THE MANPOWER AGENCY PARTICIPATING ARE WORKING TOGETHER, ARE FULLY COMMITTED TO THE PROJECT, AND HAVE THE PROPER TOOLS WITH WHICH TO WORK. (2) IF THE TRANSIT OPERATION DOES NOT HAVE ANY SUBSIDY AND MUST OPERATE FROM THE FAREBOX, THE INDUSTRIES DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE SERVICE ARE THE ONLY LOGICAL HANDOFF AGENCIES FOR THE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. (3) ROUTES SERVICING SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO BE USABLE BY ALL EMPLOYEES--NOT JUST THOSE IN INNER CITY POVERTY AREAS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employment KW - Finance KW - Industries KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131255 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215572 AU - Carstens, J P AU - United Aircraft Corp System Center TI - HEAT-ASSISTED TUNNEL BORING MACHINES PY - 1970/09 AB - A STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE INCREASE IN TUNNELING MACHINE PERFORMANCE IN HARD ROCK RESULTING FROM HEAT WEAKENING OF THE ROCK IN ADVANCE OF THE MACHINE; THE INCREASE IN HOURLY COST INCURRED BY THE HEATING SYSTEM; AND THE NET EFFECT OF INCREASED PERFORMANCE AND INCREASED HOURLY COST ON THE COST OF THE FINISHED TUNNEL. ROCK CUTTING EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED ON BARRE GRANITE USING A GAS LASER FOR ROCK HEATING AND DISC-TYPE CUTTERS OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS. ANALYTICAL WORK INCLUDED THE PREPARATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT-ASSISTED TUNNELER DESIGNS AND THEIR EXPECTED PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMICS. AN ALTERNATIVE FORM OF USING HEAT FOR TUNNELING WAS ALSO INVESTIGATED IN WHICH SLOTS WERE MELTED IN THE ROCK INSTEAD OF MERELY HEATING IT. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT THE OPERATION OF TUNNELING MACHINES INCORPORATING LASERS TO PROVIDE THE HEAT-WEAKENING IS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE BUT ECONOMICALLY UNATTRACTIVE. RADIANT HEATERS HAVE INSUFFICIENT POWER DENSITY TO EFFECTIVELY HEAT THE ROCK, AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE JETS CREATE SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. HOWEVER, THE TEST PROGRAM INDICATED THAT A MORE EFFECTIVE WAY TO ASSIST MECHANICAL CUTTERS WOULD BE TO USE CONCENTRATED THERMAL ENERGY TO MELT SHALLOW SLOTS IN THE ROCK BETWEEN CUTTER PATHS. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Gas lasers KW - Laser applications KW - Lasers KW - Rocks KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/107973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239540 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/09 AB - THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF THE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT (CCTP) WAS TO ESTABLISH A PRODUCTIVE WORKING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UMTA AND ITS CONSTITUENCY, THE NATION'S CITIES, FOR THE PURPOSES OF: (1) ASSESSING LOCAL CAPABILITIES TO IMPLEMENT AND FUND TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS; (2) MAKING A PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF THE AGGREGATED MARKET FOR SUCH IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDER TO STIMULATE PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTS; AND (3) FORMULATING GUIDELINES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE FEDERAL LEADERSHIP CONSISTENT WITH LOCAL NEEDS AND NATIONAL PRIORITIES. PROJECT TEAMS, WORKING WITH LOCAL PLANNERS, SYSTEMS OPERATORS, PRIVATE INVESTORS, AND ELECTED OFFICIALS, STROVE TO HELP ESTABLISH PRIORITIES THAT WOULD ALLOW FOR BOTH NEAR-TERM IMPROVEMENTS (TO HELP KEEP THE MARKET FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VIABLE) AND THE EVENTUAL ACCOMMODATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES. IN THE OPINION OF LOCAL DECISION-MAKERS, THIS APPROACH SERVED TO UNDERSCORE THE NEED FOR GREATER COMPLEMENTARY BETWEEN LONG-RANGE REGIONAL PLANNING AND THE QUICK-ACTION FLEXIBILITY REQUIRED BY CITY ADMINISTRATIONS. SEVERAL STRATEGIES ARE RECOMMENDED FOR COPING WITH PRESENT AND WIDELY PERCEIVED URBAN TRANSPORTATION NEEDS. CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SHOULD BE MULTIMODAL, COORDINATE WITH EXISTING AND PLANNED LAND USES, AND RELATE CLOSELY TO REGIONAL SYSTEMS. COMMUTER TRAVEL BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED WITHIN THE BROADER CONTEXT OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM. THIS REQUIRES A HIGH QUALITY OF TRANSIT SERVICES TO ATTRACT AUTO TRAVELERS IN ADDITION TO MODE-DEPENDENT PATRONS. THEY FURTHER RECOMMEND THAT ADEQUATE LEAD TIME BE ALLOWED NEW TECHNOLOGIES. CONSEQUENTLY, DURING THE NEAR-TERM FUTURE, IT WILL BE ESSENTIAL TO RELY ON THE INNOVATIVE USE OF EXISTING AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES. THE EVOLUTIONARY PLANNING APPROACH BUILDS INCREMENTALLY TOWARD LONGER-RANGE GOALS IN TERMS OF SPECIFIC PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTING AND FINANCING FACILITIES, AND MARSHALLING PATRONAGE. THE INTERCEPTION OR DIVERSION OF AUTOMOBILES ON THE APPROACHES TO THE CENTER CITY OR AT OUTLYING LINE-HAUL EXPRESS TRANSIT STATIONS SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED. AN INTEGRATED STRATEGY OF PERIPHERAL PARKING AND COMPLEMENTARY TRANSIT SERVICE PROVIDES A SHORT TERM SOLUTION TO IMPROVE CENTER CITY MOBILITY. THIS IMPLIES TRANSIT SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PARKING CHARGES SHOULD COMPARE FAVORABLY WITH THOSE IN DOWNTOWN FACILITIES. CONVENIENT TRANSFER LOCATIONS AND SHORT HEADWAYS CAN REDUCE THE PERCEIVED TRAVEL TIME OF THE DUAL-MODE TRIPS. HOWEVER, THE INTERCEPT STRATEGY SHOULD COMPLEMENT, NOT COMPETE WITH, LINE-HAUL TRANSIT SERVICES. /UMTA/ KW - Cities KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239547 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION: PITTSBURGH PY - 1970/09 AB - CENTER CITY PITTSBURGH ENCOMPASSES THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE AND FUNCTIONALLY RELATED FRINGES TO THE NORTH, EAST, AND SOUTH. SINCE THE NEARBY HILL DISTRICT AND OAKLAND ARE PART OF PITTSBURGH'S URBAN CORE, THE STUDY WAS SELECTIVELY BROADENED TO ENCOMPASS THE PROBLEMS OF THESE STRATEGIC AREAS LYING EAST OF THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE. RAPID EXPANSION OF OFFICES IN THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE IN RECENT YEARS HAS HELPED SUSTAIN HIGH LAND VALUES IN THE RETAIL CORE AREA. HOWEVER, THE CORE AREA IS POORLY ORGANIZED AND PHYSICALLY UNATTRACTIVE. MAJOR DEPARTMENT STORES ARE DISPERSED WITHIN THE WALKING DISTANCES BETWEEN STORES BEING EXCESSIVELY LONG. STREETCAR, BUS, AND AUTOMOBILE CIRCULATION WITH THE TRIANGLE IS DIFFICULT BECAUSE OF THE NARROW STREETS AND OBSOLETE STREET PATTERN. BECAUSE OF THIS CIRCULATION PROBLEM, SOME OF THE BEST FRINGE SITES POTENTIALLY AVAILABLE FOR REDEVELOPMENT ARE PRESENTLY INACCESSIBLE TO THE CORE AREA BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. A SERIES OF PROJECTS IS RECOMMENDED OVER THE NEXT DECADE, DEVELOPED IN CONJUNCTION WITH LOCAL OFFICIALS. THE IMMEDIATE-ACTION PROJECTS ARE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A STADIUM-ARENA SHUTTLE BUS; GOLDEN TRIANGLE--HILL DISTRICT--OAKLAND TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS; AND CENTER-CITY STREET, TRANSIT, AND PEDESTRIAN IMPROVEMENTS. THE PEDESTRIAN DISTRIBUTION PLAN WAS DEVELOPED AS A LONG-RANGE PROJECT TO COMPLEMENT THE STREET AND TRANSIT CIRCULATION PLAN, AND TO IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN ACCESS BOTH WITHIN THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE AND BETWEEN THE TRIANGLE AND FRINGE LOCATIONS. THE PEDESTRIAN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM INCLUDES SKYWALKS AND SELECTED PEOPLE- MOVER TECHNOLOGIES. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Circulation KW - Development KW - Grade separations KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Real estate development KW - Retail trade KW - Shuttle buses KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226490 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - HEADWAY SENSING FOR AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED AND GUIDED VEHICLES PY - 1970/09 AB - THE GOAL WAS TO ASSESS THE STATE-OF-THE-ART IN HEADWAY SENSING EQUIPMENT AND RECOMMEND PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND BREADBOARD PROGRAMS WHICH WOULD TEST, EVALUATE AND DEMONSTRATE THE TECHNOLOGY APPLICABLE TO SINGLE MODE AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED GUIDEWAY VEHICLES (ACGV'S). A SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED OF CURRENTLY OR POTENTIALLY AVAILABLE METHODS OF MEASURING SHORT HEADWAYS (LESS THAN 3 TIMES THE REQUIRED STOPPING DISTANCE) TO AN IMMEDIATELY PRECEEDING LEAD VEHICLE. THE REPORT DOES NOT DISCUSS HEADWAY CONTROL, SWITCHING, OR MERGING. THE PAPER SUMMARIZES THE HISTORY OF HEADWAY SENSING, DESCRIBES GENERAL OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, WAYSIDE SENSING EQUIPMENT, AND VEHICLE- MOUNTED EQUIPMENT WHICH HAS BEEN PROPOSED, BUILT, IMPLEMENTED, OR TESTED IN VEHICLE SEPARATION SYSTEMS. THE REPORT SUMMARIZES THE TECHNICAL FEATURES, OPERATION CHARACTERISITICS, AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLE-MOUNTED AND GUIDEWAY-MOUNTED HEADWAY MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, WHICH ARE POTENTIALLY CAPABLE OF CONTROLLING THE SEPARATION BETWEEN AUTOMATIC VEHICLES OPERATING ON A GUIDEWAY. THE STUDY ALSO DESCRIBES THE SYSTEMS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS ACCURACY, SIZE RELIABILITY, AND POWER; PRESENTS THE FUNCTIONAL FLOW DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEMS ESTIMATES, SYSTEMS COSTS; AND FORECASTS ENGINEERING EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. THE SURVEY STRESSES NEAR TERM APPLICATION OF VEHICLE-BORNE MICROWAVE SENSORS, WAYSIDE PRESENCE DETECTION AND SENSING NETS TO MEASURE RANGE AND RANGE RATE BETWEEN VEHICLES. THE 10-MILE GUIDEWAY, 100- VEHICLE DESIGN POINT SYSTEM, IS THE REFERENCE INSTALLATION UPON WHICH THE NUMBER OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS, SYSTEM COST, AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY IS BASED. DATA ON OTHER INDIRECT SENSING AND PROFILE CONTROL HEADWAY SYSTEMS ARE ALSO INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic control KW - Costs KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242124 AU - Skidmore, Owings and Merrill TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: URBAN DESIGN GUIDELINE PY - 1970/09 AB - THREE LEVELS OF URBAN DESIGN WERE CONSIDERED: (1) CITY FORM, THE PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CITY, INCLUDING THE PATTERN OF CITY DEVELOPMENT AND CORRIDORS USED FOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS; (2) TRANSPORTATION ARCHITECTURE, DEFINED AS THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND QUALITIES OF OPEN OR CLOSED PUBLIC SPACES OR BUILDINGS WHICH INCLUDE TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES; AND (3) HUMAN FACTORS, THE DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIAN/RIDER COMFORT, SOCIAL CONTACT AND THE STIMULATION OF THE SENSES BY LIGHT, NOISE, TEMPERATURE AND VISIBILITY. FIVE CITIES WERE USED AS CASE STUDIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF DETERMINING THE URBAN GUIDELINE DESIGN. THEY WERE: DENVER, COLORADO; DALLAS, TEXAS; ALTANTA, GEORGIA; PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA; AND SEATTLE, WASHINGTON. THE URBAN DESIGN WORK PROGRAM IN EACH OF THE CITIES INCLUDED AN EVALUATION OF EXISTING PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING BUILDINGS, STREET RIGHTS-OF-WAY, OPEN SPACES, AND WALKWAYS. A RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF THE FIVE CITIES WAS MADE IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A DATA BASE FROM WHICH TO PROCEED. A MAJOR PART OF THE SURVEY INCLUDED COMMUNICATION WITH THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITIES AT ALL LEVELS. /UMTA/ KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Corridors KW - Databases KW - Facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242101 AU - Kaiser Engineers TI - HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION AIRPORT ACCESS ROUTE STUDY, LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TO SAN FERNANDO VALLEY PY - 1970/09 AB - THIS IS A COMPREHENSIVE ROUTE ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM TO CONNECT LOS ANGELES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AND THE SAN FERNANDO VALLEY. THE SYSTEM WILL EMPLOY TRACKED AIR CUSHION VEHICLES (TACV) POWERED BY LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS IN A DEMONSTRATION OF THE CONCEPT FOR HIGH SPEED URBAN TRANSPORTATION. THE PROPOSED TACV WILL OPERATE OVER A GRADE-SEPARATED, DOUBLE U-SHAPED GUIDEWAY WITH SPAN LENGTHS OF 100 FEET. THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL; CONCRETE WILL BE THE PRIMARY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL. THREE PROPOSED STATIONS ALONG THE INTITIAL 16.4 MILE ROUTE ARE ALSO DESCRIBED. SEVERAL ALTERNATING-CURRENT AND DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIFICATION OPTIONS WERE REVIEWED TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMAL SYSTEM FOR TACV PROPULSION. A 1,500 VOLT DC SYSTEM WAS SELECTED PRIMARILY FOR ITS ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES; SUBSTATION AND POWER DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS ARE OUTLINED IN THE REPORT. VEHICLE PERFORMANCE IS ALSO DISCUSSED BRIEFLY WITH REFERENCE TO RUNNING TIME AND AVERAGE VELOCITIES. SPEEDS OF BETWEEN 100 AND 150 MPH. SHOULD BE ACHIEVED FOR A DISTANCE OF APPROXIMATELY 46,000 FEET. A ROUTE ANALYSIS WHICH INDICATES GRADIENTS AND LOCATION FOR EACH SEGMENT OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM ARE CONTAINED, AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Building materials KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Guideways KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Highway grades KW - Landside capacity KW - Linear induction motors KW - Los Angeles International Airport KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Routes KW - Slopes KW - Speed KW - Topography KW - Tracked air cushion vehicles KW - Vehicle cost KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239548 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: SEATTLE PY - 1970/09 AB - IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, DOWNTOWN RUSH HOUR CONGESTION IS GENERALLY MINIMAL, AND PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION IS THE PRIMARY MOBILITY PROBLEM. THE STEEP GRADES BETWEEN THE WATERFRONT AND THE DOWNTOWN CORE AREA INHIBIT PEDESTRIAN TRAVEL. ALTHOUGH THE NORTH--SOUTH STREETS ARE RELATIVELY LEVEL, THE EAST--WEST STREETS IN THE CBD HAVE GRADES UP TO 16%. THE CCTP TEAM CONDUCTED A PEDESTRIAN SURVEY IN WHICH FERRY PASSENGERS, PERSONS PARKING AT CURB AND OFF-STREET FACILITIES, AND PEOPLE AT BUILDING ENTRANCES WERE INTERVIEWED. THIS SURVEY IDENTIFIED THE ORIGINS, LINKAGES, AND REASONS FOR TRAVEL. CBD WAS FOUND TO ATTRACT NEARLY 100,000 PERSONS BETWEEN 1 A.M. AND 1 P.M., OF WHICH APPROXIMATELY 62% ARRIVED BY CAR, 27% BY BUS, 4% BY FERRY, AND 6% AS PEDESTRIANS. SHOPPING TRIPS ACCOUNTED FOR APPROXIMATELY 31% OF TOTAL PEDESTRIAN TRIPS; WORK TRIPS, 24%; PERSONAL BUSINESS TRIPS, 17%; AND COMMERCIAL BUSINESS TRIPS, 12%. DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SERIES OF PEDESTRIAN WAYS IS RECOMMENDED TO MAXIMIZE THE NUMBER OF KEY PEDESTRIAN CORRIDORS IN RELATION TO NEW DEVELOPMENT. PRIMARY ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO RESERVING PEDESTRIAN CORRIDORS THROUGH PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT COMPLEXES AND EXTENDING THESE CORRIDORS THROUGH PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT COMPLEXES. THE FIRST SECTION OF MOVING SIDEWALK WOULD EXTEND UPHILL BETWEEN THE WATERFRONT AND THIRD AVENUE ALONG THE MARION--MADISON STREET AXIS AND TIE IN WITH EXPANDED PERIPHERAL PARKING ALONG THE ALASKAN VIADUCT. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Circulation KW - Grades KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Slopes KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240124 AU - Reiner, T A AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia TI - THE CROSSTOWN CONTROVERSY: A CASE STUDY PY - 1970/09 AB - A CASE STUDY OF THE CONTROVERSY SURROUNDING A PROPOSED CROSSTOWN HIGHWAY IN PHILADELPHIA IS EMPLOYED TO EVALUATE URBAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES AND INSTITUTIONS. THE BASIC ISSUES HAVE REMAINED UNRESOLVED FOR NEARLY HALF A CENTURY, AND NO ULTIMATE SOLUTION IS LIKELY TO BE GENERATED BY EXISTING INSTITUTIONS. A PRINCIPAL OBSTACLE TO EFFECTIVE HIGHWAY PLANNING OCCURRED WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF NORMATIVE VALUES AND COMPETITION AMONG POLITICAL INTEREST GROUPS. THE AUTHOR NOTES PARTICULARLY THAT VALUE JUDGEMENTS WERE MADE THROUGHOUT DISCUSSIONS THAT WERE OSTENSIBLY TECHNICAL IN NATURE. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT NOTES THAT PLANNING AUTHORITY WAS OFTEN FRAGMENTED SO AS TO PRODUCE COMPETITION AMONG PUBLIC AGENCIES AND INTEREST GROUP REPRESENTATIVES. BENEFIT-COST ANALYSES WERE SHOWN EITHER TO IGNORE RELEVANT COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL VALUES OR TO OVEREMPHASIZE SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENTS BY THE ANALYSTS THEMSELVES. THE REPORT ALSO NOTES A GENERAL LACK OF AUTHORITY TO CHOOSE BETWEEN TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION. IN GENERAL, THE POLICY PLANNING PROCESS WAS CHARACTERIZED BY FRAGMENTATION, POLITICAL PRESSURES AND A GENERAL FAILURE TO HANDLE THE MIX OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE ARGUMENTATION. SEVERAL SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ADVANCED TO REDRESS THE CURRENT DISORGANIZATION OF PARTICIPANTS IN URBAN HIGHWAY PLANNING PROCESSES. THE KEY PROPOSAL WOULD BE PROVISION OF COMMUNITY TECHNICAL SERVICES (CTS) TO IMPROVE AND INCREASE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN TRANSPORTATION DECISION-MAKING. THE CTS WOULD REPLACE PUBLIC HEARINGS, WHICH ARE POOR VEHICLES FOR COMMUNITY SELF-EXPRESSION. RELATED ADMINISTRATIVE AND BUDGETARY ADAPTATIONS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. A SECOND BASIC RECOMMENDATION WOULD INSTITUTE A PROVISION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW IN RESOLVING SIMILAR HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES. EXISTING PROCEDURES PROVIDE NO ROLE FOR DISINTERESTED THIRD-PARTIES, AND THE COURTS COULD SERVE WELL IN SUCH A CAPACITY. THE PURPOSE OF EMPLOYING JUDICIAL REVIEW BE TO FILTER OUT POLICY-MAKERS' NORMATIVE VALUES. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Attitudes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Courts KW - Decision making KW - Highway planning KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239531 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: URBAN TRANSPORTATION CONCEPTS PY - 1970/09 AB - THIS GUIDELINE IDENTIFIES AND EVALUATES THE VARIOUS MEANS OF PROMOTING RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION, INCLUDING WAYS TO COORDINATE TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES WITH COMPLEMENTARY LAND USES AND THEREBY PROMOTE BETTER URBAN DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS. THE GUIDELINE ALSO SUGGESTS NEEDED AREAS FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION EFFORTS, INCLUDING POSSIBLE WAYS THAT UMTA CAN STIMULATE URBAN TRANSPORTATION INNOVATION. IT IS BASED ON EXTENSIVE IN-DEPTH TRANSPORTATION ANALYSES IN FIVE CENTER CITIES-- ATLANTA, DALLAS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, AND SEATTLE. THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION CONCEPTS DRAWN UP BY THE AUTHORS STIPULATE THAT: (1) EFFECTIVE LAND-USE PLANNING IS ESSENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE CHARACTER OF THE CENTER CITY, TO ENCOURAGE ORDERLY AND COMPACT DEVELOPMENTS, AND TO PRESERVE MOVEMENT CHANNELS FOR LINE-HAUL AND CENTER CITY MOVEMENT SYSTEMS; (2) MULTIMODAL CENTER-CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS SHOULD COORDINATE EXISTING AND PLANNED LAND USES AND RELATE DIRECTLY TO THE REGIONAL SYSTEMS; AND (3) PEDESTRIANWAY DEVELOPMENTS AND MICROSYSTEMS CAN IMPROVE INTERNAL MOBILITY AND SERVE AS DISTRIBUTORS FROM LINE-HAUL TRANSIT FACILITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Development KW - Feeder buses KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Multimodal transportation KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223939 AU - MITRE Corporation TI - A SURVEY OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR LOW-EMISSION URBAN VEHICLES PY - 1970/09 AB - THE REPORT IS AN OVERVIEW OF LOW-AND NEGLIGIBLE-EMISSION URBAN VEHICLES TECHNOLOGY. A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY OF EXISTING AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ALTERNATIVES IS EXAMINED BOTH FOR FEASIBILITY OF APPLICATION AND FOR RELATIVE EMISSION LEVELS. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON STATE OF DEVELOPMENT, COST, SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS, SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS, AND INTEGRATION WITH OVERALL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS. FIVE SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES ARE IDENTIFIED, ANALYZED, AND EVALUATED: MECHANICAL DRIVES, ALL ELECTRIC DRIVES, ELECTRIC DRIVES WITH FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE, SERIES HYBRID DRIVES, AND PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVES. WITHIN EACH SYSTEM THE STUDY EXPLORES THE FOLLOWING SIX ASPECTS OF COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY: (1) FUELS; (2) HEAT ENGINES; (3) ELECTRIC POWER SOURCES; (4) ENERGY STORAGE; (5) ELECTRIC POWER CONVERTERS; AND (6) TRANSMISSIONS. THE REPORT ALSO CONSIDERS EXTERNAL OR ANCILLARY EFFECTS ON EMISSIONS CAUSED BY THE DYNAMIC VEHICLE. AN ANALYTICAL MODEL WAS CONSTRUCTED AND UTILIZED TO STUDY FORCES ACTING ON THE VEHICLE, POWER REQUIRED AT THE WHEELS, AND REGENERATIVE BRAKING. A PARAMETRIC STUDY EVALUATED THE EFFECT ON VEHICLE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CONTROL OF CYCLE CRUISE SPEED, AVERAGE ACCELERATION, STOPS PER MILE, TIME PER STOP, GRADIENTS, REGENERATIVE BRAKING, VEHICLE WEIGHT, AND NUMBER OF PASSENGERS. /UMTA/ KW - Electric batteries KW - Engines KW - Exhaust gases KW - Flywheels KW - Future concepts KW - Hybrids KW - Innovation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Motors KW - Power KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Urbanized vehicles KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242044 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - SITE SELECTION FOR A DIAL-A-BUS DEMONSTRATION PY - 1970/08/27 AB - A DISCUSSION OF GENERAL STRATEGY LEADS TO IDENTIFICATION OF THREE INITIAL TASKS: (1) DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTION CRITERIA; (2) CONDUCT OF PRELIMINARY SURVEYS; AND (3) ANALYSIS OF COMPETITION AMONG PROMISING LOCALES FOR AN ANTICIPATED DEMONSTRATION GRANT. CRITERIA WERE IDENTIFIED IN FOUR GENERAL CATEGORIES: INSTITUTIONAL, MARKET-ORIENTED, TRAFFIC-CIRCULATION, AND LOGISTICAL. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS UNDER INSTITUTIONAL CRITERIA ARE GOVERNMENT, TRANSIT MANAGEMENT, LABOR, AND COMPETING TAXI COMPANIES. MARKET CRITERIA COVER SUCH CONSIDERATIONS AS LAND USE, POPULATION SIZE, EXPANDABILITY, AND SOCIOECONOMIC DIVERSITY. THE ABSENCE OF UNUSUALLY SEVERE TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND OF PROHIBITIVE SECTOR-CONNECTIVITY PROBLEMS WERE IDENTIFIED AS TRAFFIC CIRCULATION PREREQUISITIES. LOGISTICAL CRITERIA INCLUDED AVAILABILITY OF A PROBABLE RADIO CHANNEL, AND ADEQUATE MANPOWER POOL AT REASONABLE WAGE RATES, COMPUTER SERVICES, AND PROXIMITY OF THE DEMONSTRATION SITE TO MIT. SITE SELECTION COMPETITION IS IMPORTANT TO REVEAL POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND TO GUARANTEE LOCAL SETTLEMENT OF POTENTIAL CONTROVERSIES (LABOR RELATIONS, WHERE SUBSTANTIAL CHANGES IN WORK RULES FOR UNION LABOR MAY BE NECESSITATED; INTERMODAL COMPETITION, WHERE DIAL-A-BUS MAY TREATEN EXISTING TAXI SERVICE AND WHERE COMPENSATION FOR LOST BUSINESS DURING THE DEMONSTRATION MAY CREATE UNIQUE LEGAL PROBLEMS; AND STATE AND LOCAL TRANSIT REGULATIONS). COMPETITION MAY ARISE BETWEEN DIAL-A-BUS AND TAXI COMPANIES, ESPECIALLY SINCE A FEDERALLY-FINANCED DEMONSTRATION OF THE FORMER MAY BE INTERPRETED AS AN ANTI-TAXI SUBSIDY. A DEMONSTRATION WITH TAXIS INSTEAD OF BUSES MAY BE ADVISABLE. /UMTA/ KW - Cities KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240154 AU - Anderson, Ga & Company TI - CENTER CITY PROJECT: A VIEW FROM THE COMMUNITY PY - 1970/08 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PRESENT A CONDENSATION OF PERSONAL INTERVIEWS AND PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS MADE IN EACH PARTICIPATING CITY OF THE CENTER CITY PROJECT. THE PARTICIPATING CITIES WERE: DALLAS, TEXAS; ATLANTA, GEORGIA; DENVER, COLORADO; SEATTLE, WASHINGTON; PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA. SPECIFIC PROJECTS IN ATLANTA AND DALLAS ARE DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Cities KW - City government KW - Data collection KW - Federal aid KW - Public opinion KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228236 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN INTERIM REPORT ON TRANSIT IN THE KANAWHA VALLEY OF WEST VIRGINIA PY - 1970/08 AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES A TECHNICAL STUDY OF THE CHARLESTON TRANSIT COMPANY, WHICH IS A CLOSELY HELD CORPORATION WHOSE EXCLUSIVE BUSINESS IS PROVIDING TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE KANAWHA VALLEY. EXISTING STATE REGULATIONS ARE REVIEWED. UNTIL THE EARLY 50'S, ALL AREAS WERE PROVIDED WITH SERVICE SEVEN DAYS A WEEK, GENERALLY FROM EARLY MORNING TO LATE EVENING. AS TRANSIT PATRONAGE DECLINED, SERVICE WAS GRADUALLY CURTAILED IN THE EVENING HOURS AND ON SUNDAYS. THROUGH FARE INCREASES, THE COMPANY HAS MANAGED TO KEEP GROSS REVENUES REASONABLY CONSTANT DESPITE THIS DECLINE IN PATRONAGE. AS PATRONAGE DECLINED, VEHICLE MILES ALSO DECLINED, BUT AT A LESSER RATE. THIS REDUCTION HAS TENDED TO REDUCE OPERATING EXPENSES, WHILE INCREASES IN LABOR COSTS HAVE COUNTERED THE REDUCTION. THE COMPENSATING EFFECTS OF THESE TWO FACTORS HAS KEPT TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES RELATIVELY LEVEL. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT: (1) KANAWHA VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY BE FORMED TO SERVE THE ENTIRE REGION; (2) CHARLESTON SHOULD ATTEMPT TO OBTAIN FUNDS TO BUY THE COMPANY; AND (3) ROUTES SHOULD BE DIRECT WITH RESPECT TO ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201061 AU - Institute Public Administration TI - PROPOSED CRITERIA FOR THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION CAPITAL GRANTS PROGRAM PY - 1970/08 AB - THIS REPORT IS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CRITERIA IN APPROVING, DISAPPROVING, OR DEFERRING CAPITAL GRANT PROJECT APPLICATIONS. SHORT-TERM CRITERIA FOR IMMEDIATE APPLICATION WILL BE AMMENDED AND EXPANDED WITHIN THE NEXT FEW YEARS: FEW OF THEM WILL BE DROPPED OR REPLACED BY OTHER CRITERIA. INTERMEDIATE AND LONG-RUN CRITERIA (ADDITIONAL OR EXPANDED CRITERIA TO BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED OVER THE NEXT FIVE TO FIFTEEN YEARS) ARE DISCUSSED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF PROBABLE IMPORTANCE TO UMTA IN PROJECT SELECTION OR PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION, RATHER THAN IN THE SENSE OF FIRM RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADOPTION. THE AUTHOR NOTES THAT IMPLICIT IN SUCH A TIME FRAME IS THE CAPABILITY AND NEED FOR INTRODUCING SELF-CORRECTING PROGRAM MEASURES AND POLICIES, AND THAT UMTA, BECAUSE OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF ITS PROGRAM ON THE URBAN SCENE, SHOULD BE AMONG THE FIRST INITIATORS. /UMTA/ KW - Economics KW - Federal aid KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Public transit KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044208 AU - Smith, A J AU - Consortium of Universities TI - COMMUTER RAILROAD SERVICE IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PY - 1970/08 AB - The experiences of four cities (Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and New York) in which rail is still a principal commuter mode are discussed. Ridership decline has become a national phenomenon. The basic problems are (1) public preference for the private transportation mode; (2) unbalanced public assistance to transportation programs which emphasize highway construction; (3) decentralization of the metropolitan core; (4) difficulty of adjusting rail services in response to changing patterns of urban growth; (5) peaking of ridership demand, which creates uneconomical utilization of equipment and manpower; (6) fare structures which do not adequately reflect costs; (7) unreasonable rules for union labor, which inflate operating costs; (8) deterioration of existing equipment; and (9) insufficient private capital for investment in service improvement programs. The history of a commuter rail operations in Washington is one of steady erosion. At present, fewer than 20 trains continue to serve the nation's capital, carrying only approximately 1,100 riders daily. In addition, these few remaining services are threatened by rising fees at Union Station, restrictive labor work rules, terminal location, and aging rolling stock. An analysis of existing plans for regional rail service notes that during the 1960's area planning agencies envisioned a combination of regular commuter trains and rapid transit. Under the current planning arrangements, three railroad commuter systems would be coordinated with various segments of metro. However, management, labor, and financing problems may threaten realization of these plans, and all railroad commuter service may be abandoned before completion of the rapid transit. A viable rail system is possible and desirable, given sufficient support by government agencies and potential customers. KW - Commuter service KW - Commuting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240161 AU - Health Systems Agency of South Florida, Inc TI - ELDERLY RIDERSHIP AND REDUCED TRANSIT FARES: THE CHICAGO EXPERIENCE PY - 1970/08 AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES A STUDY THAT WAS CONDUCTED TO ANSWER QUESTIONS REGARDING SENIOR CITIZENS' USE OF CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY (CTA) FACILITIES UNDER A REDUCED FARE PROGRAM FOR WHICH PERSONS AGED 65AND OVER ARE ELIGIBLE. THE STUDY REFLECTS AN ATTEMPT TO UNDERTAKE A SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF SOME CONSEQUENCES OF A TRANSIT FARE ADJUSTMENT. THE BEFORE-AFTER RESEARCH DESIGN WAS USED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTS OF THE REDUCED FARE PROGRAM. TWO DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES WERE EMPLOYED FOR OBTAINING TRIP-MAKING INFORMATION: (1) OLDER PEOPLE'S OWN REPORT OF THEIR TRIP-MAKING ACTIVITIES ON ALL TRANSPORTATION MODES AS RECORDED IN TRIP DIARIES; AND (2) ACTUAL COUNTS OF THE OLDER PERSONS BOARDING SELECTED CTA BUSES DURING TIME PERIODS BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE REDUCED FARE PLAN. INFORMATION ON GENERAL TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND CERTAIN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS WAS COLLECTED BY THE USE OF GROUP ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRES. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT NEITHER THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUTES OBSERVED OR THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS OF OBSERVATION WERE SUFFICIENT FOR YIELDING THE KIND OF DATA THAT IS AMENDABLE TO TESTS OF STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE. CONSEQUENTLY, IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE TO AGGREGATE THE DATA FROM TRANSIT ROUTES OR TO MAKE RELIABLE STATEMENTS REGARDING TRENDS IN ELDERLY RIDERSHIP. AT ANY POINT DURING THE STUDY. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241947 AU - Bowman, R D AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE-1970 SELECTED TOPICS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE-1970 PY - 1970/08 AB - THE "PROCEEDINGS" VOLUME IS A COMPILATION OF EIGHT GRADUATE-LEVEL THESES PREPARED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA'S URBAN TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE. A BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THE INSTITUTE HAS BEEN TO PROMOTE INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. A PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED IN "TEAM" DESIGN FOR URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEMS HAS BEEN THE UNFAMILIARITY OF SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS WITH EACH OTHER'S FRAME OF REFERENCE. THE PAPERS REPRESENT ATTEMPTS TO INTEGRATE SOCIAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES WITH AVAILABLE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN PLANNING FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. THE EIGHT PAPERS DEAL WITH THE POTENTIAL OF BUS TRANSIT FOR COMMUTERS OF MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS, THE FEASIBILITY OF PREDICTING DEMAND FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE OKLAHOMA CITY SMSA, A TOTAL-COST METHOD FOR TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR LOCATION IN URBANIZED AREAS, TAXICAB USE WITHIN A SMALL OKLAHOMA TOWN, CRITERIA USED IN DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF AN URBAN CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY, AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF WORK TRIP MODAL CHOICE IN THE OKLAHOMA CITY CBD, SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN OKLAHOMA CITY, AND THE EFFECT OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES ON THE EXTENSIVENESS OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN AMERICAN CITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand KW - Forecasting KW - Freight transportation KW - Location KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Multidisciplinary teams KW - Social factors KW - Transportation corridors KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242027 AU - Elias, S E AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown TI - A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AN INTEGRATED CITY AND UNIVERSITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1970/08 AB - IN TERMS OF CONCEPT VALIDATION, METHODOLOGY AND PROBLEM DEFINITION ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. THE MORGANTOWN SITE WAS FOUND TO PROVIDE A VARIETY OF TRANSIT REQUIREMENTS INCLUDING: (1) RELATIVELY LONG-HAUL COMMUTATION BETWEEN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT; (2) RELATIVELY SHORT-HAUL COMMUTATION BY STUDENTS AMONG THE UNIVERSITY'S THREE CITY CAMPUSES; AND (3) DISTRIBUTION CAPABILITIES IN THE DOWNTOWN SECTION. SPECIFIC CRITERIA ARE DETAILED FOR SYSTEM SORTING AND THE SYNTHESIS OF DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. SELECTION OF A HEADWAY-VARIABLE, FIXED GUIDWAY, AUTOMATED SYSTEM WAS RECOMMENDED. THESE CRITERIA WERE SCREENED AGAINST SEVERAL SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES. RESULTS OF THE SCREENING YIELDED THREE CANDIDATES: THE VARO MONOCAB, THE DASHVEYOR, AND THE ALDEN STARRCAR. EACH SYSTEM DEVELOPER WAS AWARDED A CONTRACT TO CONDUCT PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING DESIGN STUDIES IN THE MORGANTOWN AREA. RESULTS INDICATE THE ADAPTABILITY OF ALL THREE SYSTEMS TO MEET SELECTED SERVICE DEMANDS, BUT THE ALDEN STARRCAR WAS RATED AS THE SYSTEM WHICH COULD RESPOND BEST TO THE PROBLEM IN MORGANTOWN IN TERMS OF: (1) LEVEL OF SERVICE; (2) SYSTEM FLEXIBILITY; AND (3) FUTURE POTENTIAL. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Cities KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Future growth KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - Level of service KW - People movers KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00238946 AU - Dillon, R W AU - Bailey, J A AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - LEGAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF FREE TRANSIT IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1970/08 AB - PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES WOULD BE FINANCED ENTIRELY BY PUBLIC REVENUES, COLLECTED AND ADMINISTERED ON A REGIONAL BASIS. THE BOSTON FREE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM IS A SELECTED CASE STUDY. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSAL ARE EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO FARE COLLECTION COST SAVINGS, RELIEF FROM TRANSIT ROBBERY, FASTER SERVICE AT REDUCED COST, IMPROVED ACCESSIBILITY WITHIN URBAN AREAS, REJUVINATION OF CENTRAL CITIES, AND REDUCED LEVELS OF AIR POLLUTION AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION. OPPOSING ARGUMENTS INCLUDE INCREASED OPERATING COSTS, INEFFICIENT ATTAINMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE OBJECTIVES, AND THE INEQUITIES OF APPLYING NON USER-ORIENTED REVENUES TO FINANCE MASS TRANSPORTATION. FINANCIAL SUPPORT IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO TAX OPTIONS OF THE CENTER CITY AND METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS. THE STATUTORY LEGITIMACY OF FREE TRANSIT IS DISCUSSED WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION FOCUSED UPON "PUBLIC PURPOSE" AND "HOME RULE" REQUIREMENTS IN EXISTING LEGISLATION. THE STATE-METROPOLITAN POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT IS ALSO DISCUSSED. NECESSARY REGIONAL TAXING POWERS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM ENABLING LEGISLATION PASSED BY THE STATE. THE STATE-URBAN CLEAVAGE THUS REPRESENTS THE PRINCIPAL POLITICAL OBSTACLE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE FREE TRANSIT PROGRAM. /UMTA/ KW - Enabling legislation KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - States KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242139 AU - EDWARDS, L K AU - Skov, B E AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - GVT 170/250 MPH DEMONSTRATOR COST AND TIMESCALE PY - 1970/08 AB - THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF THE DEMONSTRATOR IS TO SIMULATE A SINGLE STAGE OF GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT), WITHOUT INCURRING THE TIME AND EXPENSE TO BUILD A TUNNEL. THE DEMONSTRATOR WOULD CAUSE A TRAIN TO PASS FROM ONE STATION TO THE OTHER WITH INSTRUMENTS AND/OR A LIMITED NUMBER OF "PASSENGERS". THE TRACKS AND TUBE WOULD BE INSTALLED IN A REPRESENTATIVE MANNER, AND THERE WOULD BE REPRESENTATIVE VALVES AT BOTH ENDS. ONLY ONE OF THE TWO TUBES WOULD BE EQUIPPED TO CARRY A TRAIN; THE OTHER WOULD BE PRESENT TO ASSURE DYNAMIC SIMILARITY TO THE OPERATIONAL INSTALLATION. SIZE OF THE TUBES, TRAIN, AND VALVES FOR THIS PURPOSE WAS SELECTED TO BE A FULL-SCALE REPRESENTATION OF THE MARK 3B OPERATIONAL SYSTEM. THIS SAVES COST AS COMPARED TO THE MARK 4B SYSTEM, WHICH IS SIMILAR IN VIRTUALLY ALL RESPECTS BUT APPROXIMATELY 16% LARGER. SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CORPORATION SELECTED A SITE IDENTIFIED AS "TULLY 1" FOR ITS TOPOGRAPHY, ITS ACCESSIBILITY, AND PROSPECTIVE AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICAL POWER. ESTIMATED COST TO CONSTRUCT THE DEMONSTRATOR AND CONDUCT A TEST PROGRAM AT 170 MPH IS $26 MILLION. THIS ESTIMATE IS PREDICATED ON CONSTRUCTION IN THE TIME PERIOD 1971-72. IT INCLUDES A TEN PERCENT CONTINGENCY FACTOR TO ACCOUNT FOR CERTAIN TECHNICAL UNKNOWNS. THE TIMESCALE FOR THIS DEMONSTRATION IS ESTIMATED AT 25-27 MONTHS AFTER GO-AHEAD, ASSUMING THAT THE REFERENCE (3) PROGRAM IS LAUNCHED SOME EIGHT MONTHS EARLIER. UPGRADING THE FACILITY AND CONDUCTING ENGINEERING TESTS AT 250 MPH IS ESTIMATED TO REQUIRE AN ADDITIONAL $1.0 MILLION AND WILL TAKE FOUR MONTHS, IF NO SERIOUS PROBLEMS ARE ENCOUNTERED. /UMTA/ KW - Building sites KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Location KW - Pneumatic conveyors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228212 AU - Barnes, C W AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - WHO RIDES THE BUS? PASSENGER CHARACTERISTICS AND RIDING PATTERNS OF THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY (INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 3) PY - 1970/08 AB - A SHORT, PRE-CODED, EASY-TO-ANSWER QUESTIONNAIRE WAS USED TO DETERMINE WHO RIDES SACRAMENTO BUSES---AND WHY---BETWEEN 6 AM AND 9 PM ON WEEKDAYS. THE RESULTS OF THE SURVEY ARE DIVIDED INTO FIVE SECTIONS: (1) A DESCRIPTION OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PASSENGERS, (2) ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS, (3) DESCRIPTIONS OF RIDING PATTERNS, (4) COMPARISON BETWEEN CHOICE AND CAPTIVE RIDERS, AND (5) ASSOCIATION OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME WITH PASSENGER CHARACTERISTICS AND RIDING PATTERNS. THE SURVEY REVEALED THAT AMONG BUS RIDERS IN SACRAMENTO TWO-THIRDS ARE WOMEN, SLIGHTLY MORE THAN THREE-FOURTHS ARE WHITE, AND THREE-FIFTHS ARE BETWEEN THE AGES OF TWENTY-FIVE AND SIXTY- FOUR. ONE IN FIVE IS A MEMBER OF A MINORITY GROUP, AND ONE QUARTER ARE UNDER TWENTY-FOUR. THE ESTIMATED MEDIAN INCOME WAS $530.00 PER MONTH. TWO-THIRDS OF THE RIDERS ARE EMPLOYED, AND ONE IN FIVE OF THESE ARE MEMBERS OF THE UPPER MIDDLE CLASS. CHOICE RIDERS USE THE BUS MORE FREQUENTLY THAN CAPTIVE RIDERS, 73% RIDING FOUR TO SEVEN DAYS PER WEEK AS COMPARED WITH 66% FOR THE CAPTIVE RIDERS. THIS SUGGESTS THAT PEOPLE WITH OTHER SOURCES OF TRANSPORTATION MAKE MORE EXTENSIVE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT THAN THOSE WITH FEWER TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Captive riders KW - Data collection KW - Gender KW - Income KW - Origin and destination KW - Public transit KW - Race KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241955 AU - Parente, F R AU - Consortium of Universities TI - D. C. TRANSPORTATION CONTROVERSIES, VALUES AND INTEGRATION OF COMMUNITIES PY - 1970/08 AB - DURING 1969 HEATED CONTROVERSY BROKE OUT AT THE TIME CONSTRUCTION WAS TO BEGIN ON THREE SEPARATE HIGHWAY PROJECTS INCLUDED IN THE ADOPTED TRANSPORTATION PLAN OF THE WASHINGTON, D.C., METROPOLITAN AREA. ONE WAS A BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER TO BRING A FREEWAY INTO THE CITY, A SECOND WAS A FREEWAY LEG THROUGH A LOW-INCOME NEGRO RESIDENTIAL SECTION OF THE CITY, AND THE LAST WAS A FREEWAY THROUGH A SUBURBAN PARK. ALL GENERATED INTENSE OPPOSITION FROM LOCAL RESIDENTS AND THEIR ALLIES. IN THE PAST IT HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED THAT COMMUNITY INTEGRATION SPRINGS FROM A FEELING OF IDENTITY AND SELF-AWARENESS. WHEN THIS INTEGRATION EXTENDS TO POLITICS, THEN THE GOVERNMENT EXHIBITS COHESIVENESS. THE THREE HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES ARE EVIDENCE OF MULTICOMMUNITY POLITICAL INTEGRATION IN OPPOSITION TO GOVERNMENT. IF THESE ACTIONS REPRESENT A CONTINUING PROCESS, THEN CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ON A SYSTEMIC OR METROPOLITAN LEVEL, RATHER THAN ON A NEIGHBORHOOD OR LOCAL LEVEL, WILL HAVE TO BE SOUGHT. FURTHER, THE IDEAS AND DEMANDS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MANY INTERESTS AND GEOGRAPHIC AREAS OF A REGION WILL HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED AND ACCOMMODATED BEFORE INTEGRATED EFFORTS TOWARD SOLUTION OF METROPOLITAN PROBLEMS CAN BE UNDERTAKEN. /UMTA/ KW - Community values KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Social values KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131994 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241587 AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA URBAN TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE 1970 PY - 1970/08 AB - NINE STUDENT RESEARCH REPORTS ARE PRESENTED ON: THE POTENTIAL OF BUS TRANSIT FOR COMMUTERS OF MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS; AN INQUIRY INTO THE FEASIBILITY OF PREDICTING DEMAND FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION FOR THE OKLAHOMA CITY SMSA; TOWARD A TOTAL COST METHOD FOR TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR LOCATION IN URBANIZED AREAS; TAXICAB USE WITHIN A SMALL OKLAHOMA TOWN; CRITERIA USED IN DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF AN URBAN CONTROLLED ACCESS HIGHWAY; AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF WORK TRIP MODAL CHOICE: A STUDY OF THE OKLAHOMA CITY CBD; SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN OKLAHOMA CITY; AND URBAN TRANSPORTATION SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES-THEIR EFFECT ON THE EXTENSIVENESS OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN AMERICAN CITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242132 AU - Skov, B E AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - STUDY OF TECHNICAL AND COST QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE FEASIBILITY OF THE GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1970/07/28 AB - COST AND OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED PREVIOUSLY BY SUBCONTRACTORS OF THE TUBE TRANSIT CORPORATION ARE ADDRESSED IN A DETAILED ANALYSIS THAT BEGINS WITH MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR GVT RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND EQUIPMENT. THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE EXTREMES ON THE SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES AND VENTILATION FACILITIES ARE EMPHASIZED, ALONG WITH SUMMARIES OF COST COMPUTATIONS FOR THE VARIOUS MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES. SYSTEMS OPERATIONS ARE EXAMINED WITH REGARD TO THE HEADWAYS NECESSARY FOR MOVING DIFFERENT PASSENGER VOLUMES. THE REPORT ALSO DISCUSSES HUMAN FACTORS IN TERMS OF VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, ETC. THE GVT POSES SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN THIS REGARD DUE TO FREQUENT ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION SITUATIONS AND THE NEED FOR PRESSURIZED VEHICLES. COST FACTORS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STATIONS, TUNNELS, AND TUBES ARE OUTLINED BRIEFLY, ALONG WITH SUMMARIES OF THE SUBCONTRACTORS' COST ESTIMATES. TECHNICAL ANALYSES OF SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOCUS ON BRAKES, DOORS, AND SUSPENSIONS OF THE PROPOSED GVT VEHICLES, ALL OF WHICH EMPLOY CONVENTIONAL HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLES. THE SYSTEM BREAKDOWN EVALUATION NOTES PARTICULARLY THE LACK OF TURN- AROUND CAPABILITIES AT MIDPOINTS OF A GVT LINE. THUS, BREAKDOWN OF ONE VEHICLE NECESSARILY HALTS THE MOVEMENT OF OTHER TRAINS IN THE TUBE BEHIND IT. THE EVALUATION DESCRIBES A METHOD FOR "DYNAMIC RETRIEVAL" OF STALLED TRAINS MIDWAY BETWEEN STATIONS. A FINAL SECTION DEALS WITH RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR RETRIEVAL OF A FULLY-LOADED GVT VEHICLE WHICH HAS BECOME IMMOBILIZED BETWEEN STATIONS. SEVERAL ALTERNATIVES TO THE "DYNAMIC METHOD" ARE OUTLINED, INCLUDING: (1) PRESSURIZING THE TUBE BEHIND THE TRAIN TO INCREASE VACUUM PULL IN FRONT; (2) REDUCING THE MAXIMUM SLOPE TO 15%; AND (3) REDUCING OVERALL TRAIN WEIGHT. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A TECHNICAL NOTE FROM THE AEROTHERM CORPORATION OUTLINING TUBE, TUNNEL, AND STATION ENVIRONMENTS WITH REGARD TO TEMPERATURE, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING REQUIREMENTS. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL COVERS THE BASELINE PROFILE OF A MARK 4B/15 GVT DESIGN FOR WHICH MAXIMUM SLOPE WOULD NOT EXCEED 15% AND THEREBY FACILITATE RETRIEVAL AS DISCUSSED ABOVE. /UMTA/ KW - Future concepts KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Innovation KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Rapid transit KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242125 AU - Syracuse University Research Corporation TI - DESCRIPTION AND COST AND TIMESCALE ESTIMATES FOR ELEMENTS OF A GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION - FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/07 AB - COMPREHENSIVE TIME AND COST ESTIMATES ARE PROVIDED FOR A PROTOTYPE DEMONSTRATION OF THE GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEM. THIS INNOVATIVE MODE FOR HIGH SPEED TRANSPORTATION EMPLOYS AERODYNAMIC PRESSURIZED TRAINS TRAVELING IN EVACUATED TUBES WHICH SLOPE DOWNWARDS TO THE MIDPOINT BETWEEN STATIONS. THE NATURAL FORCES OF GRAVITY ARE EMPLOYED FOR VEHICLE ACCELERATION AS IT LEAVES A STATION; AUTOMATIC VALVES ARE THEN CLOSED AND THE TUBE BEHIND THE TRAIN IS PRESSURIZED TO PERMIT THE VACUUM AHEAD TO DRAW IT UP TO THE NEXT STATION. FIVE GENERAL AREAS ARE ANALYZED: SITE SELECTION AND FACILITIES; COMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM; INSTRUMENTATION; CONTROL SUBSYSTEM; AND DEMONSTRATOR FACILITY OPERATIONS. THE SELECTED DEMONSTRATION SITE IS LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 25 MILES SOUTH OF SYRACUSE, N.Y., IN AN AREA WHOSE TOPOGRAPHY MATCHES THE IDEAL SYSTEM PROFILE. AN ESTIMATED $95,000 WILL BE REQUIRED FOR LAND ACQUISITION. BUILDING AND FACILITY SPECIFICATIONS ARE ALSO OUTLINED IN DETAIL. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Prototypes KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241992 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS - VOLUME 1: MAINTENANCE FACILITIES PY - 1970/07 AB - THE EXISTING COMPLEX OF MAINTENANCE FACILITIES FOR THE UTICA, NEW YORK, TRANSIT SYSTEM ARE LOCATED IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA WITH GOOD ACCESS TO THE CITY'S MAJOR ARTERIAL ROUTES. HOWEVER, CONSTRUCTION ON A NEARBY EXPRESSWAY WILL BLOCK SEVERAL TRANSIT ROUTES, ELIMINATE ONE ACCESS TO THE MAINTENANCE FACILITY, AND REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE PROPERTY BY SOME 3,600 SQUARE FEET. THE PHYSICAL PLANT IS DETERIORATED; ONE BUILDING HAS ALREADY BEEN CONDEMNED AND ANOTHER WILL REQUIRE SUBSTANTIAL RENOVATION TO MEET STATE SAFETY STANDARDS. THE FACILITIES ARE EVALUATED FROM THE STANDPOINTS OF THEIR VARIABILITY DURING EXPRESSWAY CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR POSSIBLE RELOCATION. TO DETERMINE OPTIMUM LOCATION, A THEORETICAL "CENTER OF GRAVITY" WAS CALCULATED FOR ALL BUS ROUTES IN THE CITY TO PLOT AN IDEAL LOCUS FOR THE BASE OF OF OPERATIONS. THE ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT THE PRESENT LOCATION, ONLY FOUR BLOCKS FROM THE ESTIMATED "CENTER OF GRAVITY," IS USUALLY WELL-SITUATED, ACCOUNTING FOR THE SYSTEM'S EXTREMELY FAVORABLE RATIO OF NON-REVENUE MILES LOGGED. ALTERNATIVE CALCULATIONS WERE MADE, TREATING MORNING OUTBOUND AND EVENING INBOUND RUNS AS DEADHEAD MILEAGE. THESE COMPUTATIONS YIELDED A DIFFERENT "CENTER OF GRAVITY," BUT ONE WHICH WAS LOCATED IN THE MIDST OF A RESIDENTIAL HOUSING ZONE UNSUITABLE FOR RELOCATION OF THE BUS FACILITIES. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND RETENTION OF THE EXISTING SITE. ADDITIONAL FACTORS INVOLVING REAL ESTATE COSTS, SALE OF THE PRESENT PROPERTY, AND THE ACTUAL RELOCATION ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. THE REPORT ALSO ANALYZES THE EXISTING PHYSICAL PLANT. REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE, MAINTENANCE, CONTROL AND DISPATCHING, AND MANAGE- MENT FUNCTIONS ARE LISTED AND COMPARED WITH THE PRESENT STRUCTURES. BUILDING DESCRIPTIONS ARE SUPPLEMENTED WITH GRA- PHIC DIAGRAMS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. PROVISIONS FOR THE FLOW OF VEHICLES IS ALSO DISCUSSED, ESPECIALLY WHERE PHYSICAL BARRIERS RESTRICT OPTIMUM MOVEMENT OF BUSES THROUGH THE MAINTENANCE COMPLEX. SPECIFIC PROBLEM AREAS CREATED BY THE EXPRESSWAY CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL DETERIORATION OF TH BUILDINGS ARE OUTLINED. SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ARE DESCRIBED ALONG WITH ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ALL REMODELING AND RECONSTRUCTION. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Facilities KW - Location KW - Maintenance KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241827 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN STARK COUNTY, OHIO PY - 1970/07 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PRESENT THE RESULTS OF AN IN DEPTH STUDY OF THE TRANSIT NEEDS OF STARK COUNTY. INCLUDED IN THIS STUDY ARE THOSE SOCIOECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL FACTORS RELATED TO EXISTING AND FUTURE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE COUNTY. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT IF TRANSIT IS TO BE PRESERVED IN THE STARK COUNTY URBANIZED AREA, A REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY MUST BE CREATED. SHOULD THE VARIOUS MUNICIPALITIES (OTHER THAN CANTON AND/OR MASSILLON) DECLINE THE OPPORTUNITY OF URBAN AREA AUTHORITY PARTICIPATION, EITHER CITY CAN PROCEED COOPERATIVELY OR INDEPENDENTLY TO PRESERVE TRANSIT. THE NEWLY CREATED TRANSIT AUTHORITY IN STARK COUNTY MUST HAVE COMPLETE REGULATORY AUTHORITY OVER ITS OWN ROUTES, FARES, AND FIXED-ROUTE SERVICE OF ANY PRIVATE CARRIERS OPERATING WITHIN THE AREA. THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY MUST HAVE THE RIGHT TO SUBSIDIZE PRIVATE CARRIERS OPERATING IN THE TRANSIT AREA TO PRECLUDE UNNECESSARY TAKEOVERS OF PRIVATELY OPERATED TRANSIT OPERATIONS. BUSES OF THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY SHOULD BE PERMITTED TO OPERATE OFF-ROUTE SCHOOL SERVICE WITHOUT THE REQUIREMENT THAT THE BUSES BE PAINTED YELLOW, STRIPED, OR EQUIPPED WITH SPECIAL BLINKING SIGNALS. THE AUTHORS FURTHER RECOMMEND THAT THIRTY FIVE NEW AIR-CONDITIONED BUSES SHOULD BE ACQUIRED BY THE TRANSIT AUTHORITY TO MODERNIZE THE CANTON AREA FLEET AND EXPAND SERVICE TO NORTH CANTON. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Routes KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044199 AU - Skov, B E AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - STUDY OF TECHNICAL AND COST QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE FEASIBILITY OF THE GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1970/07 AB - Cost and operational problems identified previously by subcontractors of the tube transit corporation are addressed in a detailed analysis that begins with maintenance requirements for gvt rights-of-way and equipment. The effects of temperature extremes on the subsurface structures and ventilation facilities are emphasized, along with summaries of cost computations for the various maintenance activities. Systems operations are examined with regard to the headways necessary for moving different passenger volumes. The report also discusses human factors in terms of ventilation, air conditioning, heating, etc. The gvt poses special problems in this regard due to frequent acceleration and deceleration situations and the need for pressurized vehicles. Cost factors in the construction of stations, tunnels, and tubes are outlined briefly. Technical analyses of system reliability focus on brakes, doors, and suspensions of the proposed gvt vehicles. The system breakdown evaluation notes particularly the lack of turn-around capabilities at midpoints of a gvt line. The evaluation describes a method for "dynamic retrieval" of stalled trains midway between stations. A final section deals with recommended procedures for retrieval of a fully-loaded gvt vehicle which has become immobilized between stations. Appended material includes a technical note from the Aerotherm Corporation outlining tube, tunnel, and station environments with regard to temperature, ventilation, and air conditioning requirements. Additional material covers the baseline profile of a mark 4b/15 gvt design for which maximum slope would not exceed 15% and thereby facilitate retrieval as discussed above. KW - Advanced systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Tube systems KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242131 AU - Howard, Needles, Tammen and Bergendoff TI - GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM: REVIEW OF STATION COST ANALYSIS, TASK A PY - 1970/07 AB - THE REPORT DOCUMENTS PROJECTED COSTS FOR STATION CONSTRUCTION IN A GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEM. THE PROPULSION FOR VEHICLES IN THIS SYSTEM CREATES UNUSUAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STATION DESIGN, AND CONSEQUENT COST FACTORS ARE THEREFORE BASIC TO SYSTEM FEASIBILITY. STATION CONSTRUCTION MUST PROBIDE SPACE FOR VALVE CHAMBERS, MANIFOLDS, COMPRESSOR AREAS, AND VENTILATION SHAFTS IN ADDITION TO TICKETING BOOTHES, BOARDING AREAS, AND AMENITIES FOR PASSENGERS. THE REPORT DETAILS THE ACCOUNTANTS' ASSUMPTIONS IN COMPUTING COST FORECASTS COVERING SUCH SPECIFIC COST FACTORS AS VEHICLE PERFORMANCE, STATION DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD. UNIT PRICES FOR NECESSARY MATERIALS ARE DOCUMENTED ALONG WITH PROJECTIONS OF THE VARIOUS QUANTITIES REQUIRED. FINALLY, THE REPORT OUTLINES THE COSTS FOR A PROPOSED GVT NETWORK OF SOME 92 MILES IN LENGTH, WHICH THE AUTHORS PREPARED FOR THE REGIONAL PLAN ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK. CONCLUSIONS BASED UPON PREVAILING CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 1970 INCLUDE: (1) STATION SHELLS WILL COST BETWEEN $5.6 AND $8.4 MILLION; (2) FINISHING, ARCHITECTURAL AND OTHER COSTS PER STATION ARE ESTIMATED TO BE $4.54 MILLION; (3) TOTAL COST FOR THE PROPOSED NEW YORK CITY SYSTEM WILL AMOUNT TO APPROXIMATELY $950.6 MILLION. /UMTA/ KW - Building materials KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - People movers KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Pressure KW - Railroad stations KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241877 AU - Varo, Inc TI - A VARO AUTOMATED TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY AND THE CITY OF MORGANTOWN PY - 1970/07 AB - THIS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM HAS TWO OBJECTIVES: (1) THE TRANSPORTING OF STUDENTS FROM CAMPUS TO CAMPUS FOR WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY, AND (2) THE TRANSPORTING OF MORGANTOWN RESIDENTS ALONG A TRANSIT SYSTEM ROUTE ARRANGED TO PERMIT FUTURE EXTENSIONS OF THE SYSTEM WITHOUT AN INTERRUPTION IN SERVICE AS PRESCRIBED BY THE MORGANTOWN PHASE II COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. AN EXTENSIVE EFFORT WAS MADE TO REVIEW THE ROUTE AND THE GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION WHICH WOULD PERMIT A MAXIMUM OF SERVICE TO BOTH CLASSES OF RIDERS AND STILL NOT REQUIRE THE CONDEMNATION OF LAND OR EXISTING BUILDINGS IN MORGANTOWN. THE METHOD OF ACHIEVING THESE OBJECTIVES HAS BEEN BASED ON THE DESIGN OF A VEHICLE AND GUIDEWAY SYSTEM WHICH WILL PERMIT THE LOCATION OF THE GUIDEWAY IN THE MORGANTOWN BUSINESS OR RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS, OR ON THE UNIVERSITY PROPERTY, WHICH WILL ARCHITECTURALLY BLEND INTO ITS ENVIRONMENT. A WIDE RANGE OF SERVICE WITH MANY POSSIBLE ROUTE CONFIGURATIONS WAS OBTAINED BY THE GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION WITH CIRCULAR LOOP INTERFACES WHICH PERMIT THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE ROUTE FROM DESTINATION TO DESTINATION. THE NEED FOR STATIONS WITH LARGE SIDINGS HAS BEEN ELIMINATED BY STRATEGICALLY LOCATING REMOTE PARKING OR HOLDING AREAS FOR THE VEHICLES WHICH ARE NEAR THE MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTER AREAS. THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE SYSTEM IS BASED ON TRANSPORTING ONE SEATED PASSENGER PER FOOT OF VEHICLE OR TRAIN LENGTH FOR THE LARGE SYSTEM. THE LARGE SYSTEM PROVIDES A STANDEE RATIO IN EXCESS OF 2.1 VERSUS THE SEATED PASSENGER WITH CRUSH LOADS OF 2.5 TO 1. THE 12-PASSENGER AND 6-PASSENGER SYSTEMS ARE PRIMARILY FOR THE RESIDENTS OF MORGANTOWN AND PROVIDE LUXURY SERVICE WHICH PERMITS A MINIMUM OF INTERMINGLING OF THE STUDENTS AND THE MORGANTOWN RESIDENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Capacity KW - Guideways KW - Interfaces KW - Parking KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242136 AU - Koomanoff, F A AU - Tube Transit Corporation AU - Fenix and Scisson Incorporated TI - COST ANALYSIS AND COMMENTS ON THE GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION - NEW YORK CITY AND SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREAS PY - 1970/07 AB - THE PROPOSED GVT SYSTEM FOR NEW YORK WOULD COVER SOME 92.9 MILES OF TUNNELS AND STATION FACILITIES. IN AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR COST ESTIMATES, THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT ONLY 84.5 MILES CAN BE CONSTRUCTED USING CURRENT TECHNOLOGY; THE REMAINDER WOULD REQUIRE TUNNELING IN "SOFT GROUND" AT DEPTHS IN EXCESS OF 100 FEET, WHICH IS NOT DEEMED FEASIBLE WITH AVAILABLE METHODS. THE COST PROJECTIONS WERE BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION OF A SINGLE TUNNEL ENCASING TWO GRAVITY-VACUUM TUBES CONSTRUCTED USING CONVENTIONAL DRILL AND BLAST TECHNOLOGY. REVISION OF THE PLANS TO INCLUDE TWO SMALLER-DIAMETER TUNNELS OR THE ADVENT OF NEW BORING TECHNIQUES WOULD THEREFORE ALTER THE ESTIMATES SUBSTANTIALLY. COST ASSESSMENTS WERE DEVELOPED FOR ALL ASPECTS OF THE TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING: LABOR, EXCAVATION, EQUIPMENT, MUCK DISPOSAL, LINING AND SUPPORT MATERIALS, AND ADDITIONAL COST ORIGIN AND DESTINATION MODE. THE BASIC SUBSYSTEMS ARE MILLION AS CONTRASTED WITH APPROXIMATELY $300 MILLION ESTIMATED BY JACOBS ASSOCIATES. INCLUDED IN THE ANALYSIS IS A DETAILED GEOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE NEW YORK CITY AREA AND A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS IN GVT CONSTRUCTION. THE REPORT ALSO EXAMINES THE FEASIBILITY OF A GVT SYSTEM FOR SAN FRANCISCO BASED ON THE COST ESTIMATES DERIVED FOR NEW YORK. THE AUTHORS NOTE, HOWEVER, THAT AT LEAST ONE MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE OVERALL PROPOSED NETWORK WOULD NOT BE FEASIBLE BECAUSE OF SOFT GROUND CONDITIONS. THE REPORT INCLUDES GEOLOGICAL DATA FOR THE BAY AREA AND MAPS OF THE PROPOSED ROUTINGS. /UMTA/ KW - Boring KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Structural analysis KW - Topography KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00243141 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING REFERENCES: A CHECKLIST FOR LIBRARY COLLECTIONS PY - 1970/07 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Bibliographies KW - Libraries UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242120 AU - Jacobs Associates TI - ESTIMATE OF COST: GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT TUBES, RAILS, SUPPORTS PY - 1970/07 AB - THE REPORT DOCUMENTS PROJECTED CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR MAJOR GUIDEWAY COMPONENTS OF A PROPOSED GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEM. SEVERAL DIFFICULTIES WERE ENCOUNTERED IN MAKING SUCH COST ESTIMATES, PARTICULARLY IN THAT THE ANTICIPATED HIGH SPEED OF INDIVIDUAL GVT TRAINS AND THE PNEUMATIC REQUIREMENTS NECESSARY FOR THEIR OPERATION REQUIRE THAT TUBES AND ATTACHED RAILS BE FABRICATED AND INSTALLED TO AN UNPRECEDENTED DEGREE OF PRECISION. FOR THIS REASON, THE COST PROJECTIONS MAY FLUCTUATE IN REALITY ACCORDING TO: (1) THE NEED TO FABRICATE SPECIAL STEELS FOR CONSTRUCTION, AND (2) THE ABILITY FOR BUILDERS TO RELAX CERTAIN SPECIFIED TOLERANCES DUE TO FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS IN GVT DESIGN. SUBSEQUENT ESTIMATES PRESENTED IN THE REPORT ARE PREDICATED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS ARE ELIMINATED. THE REPORT OUTLINES THE ACCOUNTANTS' COST ESTIMATES FOR TWO PROPOSED GVT SYSTEMS, IN NEW YORK AND SAN FRANCISCO. ALL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS ARE CONSIDERED, INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION METHODS, LABOR, PERMANENT MATERIALS, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, EQUIPMENT OPERATION, JOB MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES, ETC. SEPARATE ACCOUNTINGS ARE PROVIDED WHERE CHOICES AMONG METHODS OR MATERIALS EXIST. THE FINAL CONCLUSION LISTS TOTAL COSTS FOR THE NEW YORK GVT PROPOSAL AT APPROXIMATELY $3,941,000 PER MILE AND $3,508,000 PER MILE FOR SAN FRANCISCO. A COMPREHENSIVE ESTIMATE OF ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COSTS IS ALSO INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Building materials KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - People movers KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Railroad tracks KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201060 AU - Integrated Traffic Systems, Inc TI - A GUIDE FOR DETERMINING COST EFFECTIVENESS OF AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEMS IN MUNICIPAL APPLICATIONS PY - 1970/07 AB - THIS REPORT DEALS WITH A DETAILED STUDY OF CURRENT OPERATING PRACTICES IN THE MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS, AND SUCH RELATED AREAS AS EMERGENCY AMBULANCE SERVICE AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, WITH A VIEW TO ISOLATING GENERAL AND SPECIFIC PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT BE SOLVED BY USE OF AN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) SYSTEM. FIVE MAJOR PROBLEM AREAS OF MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WERE EXAMINED: (1) SEASONAL BUS REQUIREMENTS; (2) DAILY ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES; (3) LOGISTICS; (4) OPERATIONS; AND (5) OTHER SERVICE FACTORS SUCH AS SECURITY AND INCREASED ATTRACTION OF RIDERS. MONITORING DAY-TO-DAY AND EVEN HOUR-TO-HOUR DEMANDS UPON BUS SERVICE WOULD PERMIT MORE EFFICIENT USE OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT, WITH RESULTANT IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF SERVICE. IT WOULD ALSO MAKE SCHEDULE-PRODUCTION SIMPLER AND MORE EFFECTIVE, AT THE SAME TIME RELEASING MANPOWER FOR OTHER DUTIES. MANPOWER SAVINGS IN SUCH AREAS AS RECORD-KEEPING AND REPAIR WOULD BE CONSIDERABLE. IT IS DIFFICULT TO ASSESS IN TERMS OF ACTUAL DOLLARS SUCH FACTORS AS IMPROVED SECURITY AND INCREASED SERVICE TO PASSENGERS. HOWEVER, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THESE FACTORS WOULD WEIGH HEAVILY IN PROMOTING INCREASED PATRONAGE. SIMILARLY IN THE POLICE APPLICATION, THREE MAJOR PROBLEM AREAS WERE EXAMINED: (1) RESPONSE TIME, (2) ARRESTS, AND (3) DISPATCHING. COMPUTER-AIDED DISPATCHING WOULD NOT ONLY REDUCE RESPONSE TIME, BUT ALSO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY SO THAT FEWER MEN MIGHT HANDLE THE COMPLAINT OPERATOR AND DISPATCHER FUNCTIONS. A METHOD IS OUTLINED WHEREBY ANY CITY CAN DETERMINE WHICH, IF ANY, AVM SYSTEM WILL BE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE BY COMPUTING BENEFIT/COST RATIOS FOR THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fires KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Police KW - Protection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242042 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM DESIGN - SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/07 AB - A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF A DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM IS PRESENTED WITH REFERENCE TO OPERATIONS, SERVICE, FEASIBILITY UNDER DIFFERENT URBAN CONDITIONS, POTENTIAL PEAKING PROBLEMS, PRICING AND COST ALTERNATIVES, APPLICATION OF THE COMPUTER, PREVIOUS DEMONSTRATIONS OF POINT-TO-POINT TRANSIT, DIFFERENT DIAL-A-BUS CONFIGURATIONS, INTEGRATION WITH EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND CRITERIA FOR DEMONSTRATION OF THE CONCEPT. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS REVEALS NO PROBLEMS FOR IMPLEMENTATION. THE REPORT EXAMINES THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF DIAL-A-BUS SERVICE, WHICH WAS DESIGNED TO FILL THE SERVICE GAP BETWEEN PRIVATE, POINT-TO-POINT MODES SUCH AS CARS AND TAXIS (WHICH ARE COSTLY TO BOTH USERS AND SOCIETY) AND PUBLIC, LINEHAUL MODES (WHOSE FIXED ROUTING MAY BE INCONVENIENT OR UNATTRACTIVE TO PASSENGERS). IT IS CONCLUDED THAT DIAL-A-BUS WOULD BE ECONOMICALLY COMPETITIVE WITHIN THESE SERVICE PARAMETERS. REGULATORY RESPONSE TO INNOVATIONS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY IS EXAMINED, AND THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IS TRACED FROM THE EARLY 1900'S. THROUGHOUT THIS PERIOD, STATUTORY REGULATIONS HAVE HAMPERED THE APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICE. THE REPORT OUTLINES EXISTING REGULATIONS WHICH MAY AFFECT IMPLEMENTATION OF DIAL-A-BUS AND SUGGESTS POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR AVOIDING THEM. IN CONCLUSION, THE DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND DEPLOYMENT PROCEDURES FOR THE DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED, AND A FIVE-PHASE PROGRAM IS ADVANCED TO COVER ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS, PROTOTYPE TESTING, MARKET ANALYSIS, SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION, AND DEPLOYMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Government intervention KW - Information processing KW - Market research KW - Modal split KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Routing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241981 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - AN ACTION PROGRAM FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PY - 1970/07 AB - THE TRANSIT SYSTEM IS DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS, CAPITAL INVENTORY, FINANCIAL BALANCE SHEET, AND PASSENGER AND MILEAGE TRENDS. ALL RELEVANT OPERATIONAL ASPECTS ARE OUTLINED SUCH AS ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, FARE STRUCTURE, MAINTENANCE PROGRAM, SCOPE OF SERVICE, HEADWAYS, SAFETY RECORD, AND RIDERSHIP. ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED AND COMPARED BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VARIATIONS. THE NASHVILLE PLAN, ADOPTED IN 1958, CREATED A REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY EMPOWERED TO ACQUIRE AND OPERATE THE EXISTING PRIVATE SYSTEM AND TO REGULATE MASS TRANSPORTATION THROUGHOUT THE METROPOLITAN AREA. TAXING POWERS OF THE AUTHORITY AND ITS ENABLING LEGISLATION ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. THE ANALYSIS TRANSIT USER SURVEYS COVER SUCH ASPECTS AS SPATIAL TRAVEL PATTERNS, MODAL SPLIT, TRIP GENERATION, AND A RIDERSHIP PROFILE. THE DATA ALSO INDICATE THAT THE MAJORITY OF RIDERS ARE "CAPTIVES" WHO OTHERWISE LACK ACCESS TO A PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE OR OTHER TRANSPORTATION MODE. SEVERAL SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING BUS TRANSIT IN NASHVILLE ARE CONTAINED: (1) PURCHASE OF NEW ROLLING STOCK; (2) INSTALLATION OF BUS SHELTERS; (3) REVISION OF THE FARE STRUCTURE; (4) IMPROVED PROMOTION AND INFORMATION PROGRAMS; (5) CHARTER SALES; (6) ACQUISITION OF NEW MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT; (7) MODIFICATION OF ROUTES TO IMPROVE DEMAND-RESPONSIVENESS; AND (8) INSTALLATION OF 2-WAY RADIOS IN BUSES. A TOTAL COST OF $4.2 MILLION IS ESTIMATED, BROKEN DOWN BY YEAR THROUGH 1980. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Captive riders KW - Commuters KW - Costs KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Modal split KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Shelters KW - Taxation KW - Transfers KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241961 AU - Greytak, D AU - Syracuse University TI - RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION, METROPOLITAN DECENTRALIZATION AND THE JOURNEY TO WORK - OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 3 PY - 1970/07 AB - AS THE SPATIAL REDISTRIBUTION OF MANY TYPES OF TRADE AND MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES HAS FAVORED PERIPHERAL AREAS, THE CENTRAL CITIES HAVE BECOME MORE AND MORE SPECIALIZED IN FUNCTIONS WHICH REQUIRE CHIEFLY PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL, AND CLERICAL WORKERS--A TRAINED, SKILLED AND LITERATE WORK FORCE. BUT IT IS THE SKILLED AND LITERATE SEGMENT OF THE POPULATION WHICH INCREASINGLY HAS SELECTED SUBURBAN RESIDENCES. AT THE SAME TIME, NONWHITES WHOSE RESIDENTIAL LOCATION TO A LARGE EXTENT HAS BEEN CONFINED TO CENTRAL CITY GHETTOS FIND THEMSELVES INCREASINGLY ISOLATED FROM THE JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS FOUND IN MANY TYPES OF MANUFACTURING, TRADE, AND HOUSEHOLD SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, WHICH ARE MOVING FURTHER AWAY. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT IT IS PRIMARILY IN THE NATIONS' BIGGEST CITIES THAT RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND EMPLOYMENT DECENTRALIZATION CONFER SUBSTANTIAL AND HIGHER WORK TRIP COSTS ON NONWHITE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD. EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT EMPLOYMENT-ACCESS ADVANTAGES CONTINTUE TO ACCRUE PRIMARILY TO WHITES RATHER THAN TO NONWHITES. IF HOUSING SEGREGATION HAD NOT EXISTED, EMPLOYMENT DISPERSAL WOULD HAVE PROVIDED STRONG INCENTIVES FOR MANY NONWHITES TO RELOCATE IN SUBURBAN RESIDENCES NEAR THEIR NEW WORK-PLACES LOCATIONS. AT THE SAME TIME, IN THE ABSENCE OF ENCROACHING RACIAL GHETTOS SOME CENTRALLY EMPLOYED WHITES NOW RESIDING IN THE SUBURBS WOULD BE LOCATED WITHIN THE CENTRAL CITIES. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Decentralization KW - Employment KW - Ghettos KW - Housings KW - Race KW - Racial segregation KW - Suburbs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242130 AU - Margolis, H AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF MAXIBUSES PY - 1970/07 AB - THE TERM "MAXIBUS" IS INTRODUCED AS A GENERIC TYPE OF VEHICLE THAT EMBRACES BOTH ARTICULATED (SEGMENTED) AND DOUBLE-DECKER DESIGNS. ANTICIPATED SAVINGS FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF MAXIBUSES INTO PRESENT URBAN TRANSIT OPERATIONS, AND IN PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS TO OPTIMIZE COST FACTORS, ARE EXAMINED. THE USE OF LARGE BUSES IN EXPRESS SERVICE AND IN CONVENTIONAL LINEHAUL ON HIGH-VOLUME ARTERIES ARE CONTRASTED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE ECONOMIES GENERATED BY MAXIBUSES WILL NOT BE RELATED SOLELY TO THEIR INCREASED CAPACITY, AND THAT PENDING A DETAILED COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS SAVINGS OF NOT MORE THAN 10-15% ARE EXPECTED. SYSTEMWIDE OPERATION OF MAXIBUSES WOULD ACTUALLY BE PROHIBITIVE. THE MOST PROMISING NEAR-TERM APPLICATION OF LARGE BUS VEHICLES IS COMMUTER EXPRESS OPERATIONS. DOUBLE-DECKER BUSES ARE MORE ECONOMICAL THAN ARTICULATED BECAUSE OF THEIR INCREASED CAPACITY, ESPECIALLY IN THE RECOMMENDED COMMUTER EXPRESS OPERATIONS. WHILE MOST PAST EXPERIENCE WITH ARTICULATED BUSES HAS BEEN UNFAVORABLE (OWING TO LOW RIDERSHIP), INCREASED DEMAND FOR EXPRESS SERVICES MAY RESTORE THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF LARGE-CAPACITY VEHICLES IN GENERAL. DEVELOPMENT OF REASONABLY INEXPENSIVE AND COMPACT AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION (AFC) EQUIPMENT FOR BUSES IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF MAXIBUS APPLICATIONS. THIS WOULD PERMIT PASSENGERS TO ENTER AT BOTH FRONT AND REAR DOORS (A MAJOR ADVANTAGE FOR ARTICULATED DESIGNS) AND WOULD INCREASE DRIVER PRODUCTIVITY. SINCE THERE IS AT PRESENT NO REGULAR UNITED STATES MANUFACTURER, INITIAL DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE MAXIBUS CONCEPT WOULD HAVE TO USE EUROPEAN EQUIPMENT. APPENDICES CONTAIN A STATE-BY-STATE LISTING OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS ON MOTOR VEHICLE LENGTH AND WEIGHT AND ADVERTISING AND VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS OF NEOPLAN (BRAND NAME) MAXIBUSES PRODUCED IN GERMANY AND MARKETED IN THE UNITED STATES. /UMTA/ KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Design KW - Double deck buses KW - Express buses KW - Laws KW - Maxibus KW - Segmentation KW - Size KW - Size and weight regulations KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241583 AU - Greytak, D AU - Syracuse University TI - RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION, METROPOLITAN DECENTRALIZATION, AND THE JOURNEY TO WORK PY - 1970/07 AB - CONVENTIAL WISDOM ASSERTS THAT NON-WHITES TRAVEL FURTHER TO WORK IN METROPOLITAN AREAS THAN DO WHITES. THIS RELATIONSHIP WAS INVESTIGATED AND THE DOLLAR COST DIFFERENCE OF WORK TRIP TIME AS BETWEEN WHITES AND NON-WHITES WAS ESTIMATED AND VERIFIED. AMONG THE FINDINGS ARE THE FOLLOWING: NON-WHITE WORK TRIPS DIFFER MARKEDLY FROM THOSE OF WHITES. AVERAGE NON-WHITE WORK TRIPS ARE LONGER IN BOTH TIME AND DISTANCE THAN TRIPS BY WHITE WORKERS. ALTHOUGH THE AVERAGE WORK TRIP ORIGINATING IN THE CENTRAL CITY TENDS TO BE SHORTER THAN THE WORK TRIP ORIGINATING IN THE SUBURBS, IT IS CENTRAL CITY WHITES WHO ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF THE CENTRAL LOCATION. CENTRAL-CITY NON-WHITES TEND TO TRAVEL FURTHER THAN CENTRAL-CITY WHITE RESIDENTS. WHEN TRANSLATED INTO COST, THE EFFECT OF WORK TRAVEL PATTERNS OF WHITES AND NON-WHITES IS TO REDUCE THE EFFECTIVE WAGE FOR NON-WHITE WORKERS. ONE IMPLICATION OF THIS FINDING IS THAT, AT EQUAL CONTRACT WAGES, NON-WHITES WILL UNDERTAKE LONGER WORK TRIPS THAN WHITES AND THEREBY INCUR A LARGER TIME COST AND RECEIVE A RELATIVELY LOWER EFFECTIVE WAGE. THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT, ALTHOUGH THE BENEFITS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A CENTRAL LOCATION ARE GENERALLY AVAILABLE MUCH MORE READILY TO WHITE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS THAN TO NON-WHITE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS, THIS DISTINCTION OCCURS PRINCIPALLY IN BIT CITIES (POPULATION GREATER THAN 3 MILLION). THE EVIDENCE ABOUT THE ADVANTAGE OF CENTRALITY BEING DENIED NON-WHITE HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS IS MUCH LESS CONCLUSIVE IN CITIES OF SMALLER SIZE. /UMTA/ KW - Decentralization KW - Housings KW - Racial segregation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240155 AU - Chicago, Illinois TI - REDUCED FARES FOR SENIOR CITIZENS PY - 1970/06/30 AB - ON APRIL 20, 1969 A REDUCED FARE PLAN FOR THE ELDERLY WAS ESTABLISHED ON A TRIAL BASIS BY THE CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY. THIS REPORT PRESENTS THE FINDINGS OF FOUR STUDIES THAT WERE CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF THAT PROGRAM. UNDER THE REDUCED FARE STRUCTURE, A HALF-FARE RATE OF 20found WAS INSTITUTED FOR ALL PEOPLE AGED 65 AND OVER, WITH THE STANDARD $.05 RATE FOR A TRANSFER. THE REDUCED RATE APPLIED ONLY TO THE BASIC FARE AND NOT TO ZONE (OUT OF CITY) CHARGES FOR SUBURBS. THE REDUCED FARE WAS APPLICABLE FOR 9:00 A.M. TO 3:00 P.M. ON WEEKDAYS AND SATURDAYS, AND FROM 7:00 A.M. TO 12:00 A.M. (MIDNIGHT) ON SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS. THE MEDICARE CARD WAS USED FOR SENIOR CITIZEN IDENTIFICATION, AND A SPECIAL CARD WAS ISSUED TO THE SMALL NUMBER OF ELDERLY PEOPLE NOT COVERED BY MEDICARE OR WHO DO NOT HAVE A RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD CARD. THE FOUR STUDIES DISCUSSED ARE: (1) STUDY OF TRAVEL PATTERNS, (2) UTILIZATION OF REDUCED FARES, (3) A STUDY OF THE TRAVEL PATTERNS OF PERSONS AGED 65 OR OLDER IN THE CHICAGO AREA, AND THE EFFECTS OF A REDUCTION IN TRANSIT FARES - FINAL REPORT, AND (4) UTILIZATION OF REDUCED TRANSIT FARES BY THE ELDERLY. THE RESULTS OF THE LAST STUDY INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN RIDERSHIP DURING THE NINE-MONTH PROJECT. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241945 AU - Ashford, N AU - Holloway, F M AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - THE EFFECT OF AGE ON URBAN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR (REPORT NO 1) PY - 1970/06/30 AB - A QUANTITAVE ANALYSIS OF THE AFFECT OF A TRIPMAKER'S AGE UPON SEVERAL URBAN TRAVEL PARAMETERS WAS CONDUCTED. THE SELECTED PARAMETERS WERE: PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE INTRAZONALLY: PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE TO OR FROM THE CBD; CAR OCCUPANCY; PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE BY TRANSIT; TRIP GENERATION RATE BY PURPOSE; DISTRIBUTION OF TRIP GENERATION RATES BY PURPOSE; TRIP LENGTH FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND MEAN TRIP LENGTH. FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES, THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE FIRST 6 AGGREGATE PARAMETERS WAS EXAMINED FOR 6 CITIES OF VARYING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND POPULATION SIZE. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS WERE OBTAINED BY 5 SEPARATE TRIP PURPOSES AND 3 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. THE IMPORTANCE OF AGE WAS ANALYZED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGRESSION MODELS RELATING THE TRAVEL PARAMETERS TO 37 SELECTED PERSONAL AND ZONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH REMAINS RELATIVELY CONSTANT FOR ADULTS. ELDERLY PEOPLE ARE FOUND TO MAKE PROPORTIONATELY FEWER INTRAZONAL TRIPS AND MORE TRIPS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. TRANSIT USAGE IS HIGH FOR THE YOUNG AND THE ELDERLY AND REACHES ITS MINIMUM VALUE FOR YOUNG ADULTS. TRIP GENERATION RATES CHANGE CONSIDERABLY WITH AGE AND PURPOSE. WORK AND SHOPPING TRIPS INCREASE IN IMPORTANCE WITH AGE; THE WORK TRIP, HOWEVER, DECLINES RAPIDLY IN IMPORTANCE WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL REACHES RETIREMENT AGE. THE STUDY INDICATES LARGE VARIATIONS IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND TRAVEL DEMAND OVER AN INDIVIDUAL'S LIFE SPAN; FURTHERMORE, THESE VARIATIONS ARE NOT APPARENT IN AGGREGATED TRAVEL DEMAND AS TRADITIONALLY ANALYZED AND PROJECTED IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION STUDIES. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241578 AU - Ashford, N AU - Holloway, F M AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - THE EFFECT OF AGE ON URBAN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR PY - 1970/06/30 AB - A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE AFFECT OF A TRIPMAKER'S AGE UPON SEVERAL URBAN TRAVEL PARAMETERS WAS CONDUCTED. THE SELECTED PARAMETERS WERE: PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE INTRAZONALLY; PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE TO OR FROM THE CBD; CAR OCCUPANCY; PERCENTAGE OF TRIPS MADE BY TRANSIT; TRIP GENERATION RATE BY PURPOSE; DISTRIBUTION OF TRIP GENERATION RATES BY PURPOSE; TRIP LENGTH FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND MEAN TRIP LENGTH. FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES, THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE FIRST 6 AGGREGATE PARAMETERS WAS EXAMINED FOR 6 CITIES OF VARYING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND POPULATION SIZE. RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS WERE OBTAINED BY 5 SEPARATE TRIP PURPOSES AND 3 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. THE IMPORTANCE OF AGE WAS ANALYZED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF REGRESSION MODELS RELATING THE TRAVEL PARAMETERS TO 37 SELECTED PERSONAL AND ZONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH REMAINS RELATIVELY CONSTANT FOR ADULTS. ELDERLY PEOPLE ARE FOUND TO MAKE PROPORTIONATELY FEWER INTRAZONAL TRIPS AND MORE TRIPS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. TRANSIT USAGE IS HIGH FOR THE YOUNG AND THE ELDERLY AND REACHES ITS MINIMUM VALUE FOR YOUNG ADULTS. TRIP GENERATION RATES CHANGE CONSIDERABLY WITH AGE AND PURPOSE. WORK AND SHOPPING TRIPS INCREASE IN IMPORTANCE WITH AGE; THE WORK TRIP HOWEVER DECLINES RAPIDLY IN IMPORTANCE WHEN THE INDIVIDUAL REACHES RETIREMENT AGE. THE STUDY INDICATES LARGE VARIATIONS IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND TRAVEL DEMAND OVER AN INDIVIDUAL'S LIFE SPAN; FURTHERMORE THESE VARIATIONS ARE NOT APPARENT IN AGGREGATED TRAVEL DEMAND AS TRADITIONALLY ANALYZED AND PROJECTED IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION STUDIES. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242030 AU - Washington Metro Area Transit Commission TI - THE SCRIP SYSTEM OF THE DC TRANSIT SYSTEM WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1970/06 AB - THE ISSUING SCRIP SYSTEM ALLOWS DRIVERS TO ISSUE, IN LIEU OF CHANGE, REDEEMABLE COUPONS TO PASSENGERS BOARDING WITH COINS OR BILLS IN EXCESS OF THE LOCAL OR INTERLINE FARES; THE AMOUNT OF MONEY RECEIVED FROM THE PASSENGER IS DEPOSITED INTO A SECURELY LOCKED BOX WHICH CANNOT BE OPENED BY THE DRIVER. THE SCRIP SYSTEM WAS TESTED BOTH DURING THE DAYTIME AND THE NIGHTTIME; THE RESPONSE FROM THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY WAS SUPPORTIVE. EXTENSIVE EFFORTS WERE MADE TO INFORM THE PUBLIC OF THE OBJECTIVES AND WORKINGS OF THE NEW SCRIP. FLYERS WERE ISSUED EXPLAINING THE SYSTEM; SIGNS WERE POSTED IN AND ON THE BUSES; "EXACT FARE ONLY" WAS CLEARLY MARKED ON FAREBOXES; AND, IN ADDITION, NEWSCASTERS ON RADIO AND TELEVISION STATIONS CARRIED SPOT ANNOUNCEMENTS AND EDITORIALS ABOUT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE NEW SYSTEM. THE ONLY SEGMENT OF THE PUBLIC FOR WHOM IT MIGHT CONSTITUTE AN INCONVENIENCE WAS THE TOURIST POPULATION. PROBLEMS AND EXPERIENCES INCURRED BY OTHER CITIES WHO HAVE IMPLEMENTED AN EXACT FARE SYSTEM OF FARE COLLECTION ARE CITED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus transportation KW - Fare collection KW - Fares KW - Public opinion KW - Script KW - Theft UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12781/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132061 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241924 AU - Makofski, R A AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS- SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/06 AB - BASELINE DESCRIPTION OF TEN PROPOSED URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ARE SUMMARIZED, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON COMMON TECHNICAL PROBLEMS. THE TEN PROPOSED SYSTEMS INCLUDE FOUR FAST TRANSIT LINKS (AERIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM, GENERAL ELECTRIC AERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM, SCHERER MONOBEAM SYSTEM, AND GRAVITY-VACUUM TUBE TRANSIT) AND SIX CIRCULATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (ALDEN SELF-TRANSIT, DASHAVEYOR, SKY-KAR, TTI SYSTEM, VARO MONOCAB, AND WESTINGHOUSE VEHICLE SYSTEM). RESUMES OF EACH DESIGN AS PREPARED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE CONTRACTORS ARE INCLUDED AS APPENDED MATERIAL. THE SYSTEMS WERE EVALUATED ACCORDING TO SEVERAL CRITERIA, INCLUDING: (1) SYSTEM STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS; (2) CONTROL; (3) COMMUNICATIONS; (4) PROPULSION AND BRAKING; (5) VEHICLE GUIDEWAY DYNAMICS; AND (6) SWITCHING. THE REPORT CONTAINS DETAILED STATISTICAL DATA ALONG WITH COMPARATIVE TABLES AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE VARIOUS SYSTEM PROTOTYPES. SIX GENERAL CONCLUSIONS WERE ADVANCED BY THE RESEARCH. FIRST, THE DESIGN OF A RELIABLE, ECONOMICAL CONTROL SYSTEM WAS FOUND TO BE THE PRIMARY REQUIREMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM EMPLOYING SHORT HEADWAYS. SECOND, THE REPORT CITIES POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE WITH COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN VEHICLES AND THE CONTROL CENTER. THIRD, THE REPORT NOTES A CONVENIENCE-CAPACITY TRADE-OFF BETWEEN SCHEDULED AND DEMAND-ACTIVATED SERVICE. FOURTH, THE REPORT NOTES POTENTIAL PROBLEMS IN TERMS OF VEHICLE-GUIDEWAY DYNAMICS. FIFTH, SWITCHING PROBLEMS WERE NOTED WITH REFERENCE TO THE NEED FOR TRANSLATING LARGE GUIDEWAY SECTIONS. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOLVING THESE PROBLEMS ARE GIVEN, ALONG WITH A RECOMMENDATION FOR ADDITIONAL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OF LINEAR INDUCTION PROPULSION SYSTEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Communications KW - Distribution systems KW - Evaluation KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - People movers KW - Physical distribution KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239522 AU - No Middlesex Area Comm TI - NEW APPROACHES TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE NORTHERN MIDDLESEX AREA PY - 1970/06 AB - EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO CONVENTIONAL BUS, SCHOOL BUS, RAIL, AND TAXICAB SERVICE. TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS WERE ASCERTAINED FOR TRIP GENERATION, TRIP DISTRIBUTION, MODAL SPLIT, AND OTHER RELEVANT PARAMETERS. POTENTIAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DEMAND IS GIVEN FOR PROJECTED CHANGES IN REGIONAL SOCIO- ECONOMIC VARIABLES, RETAIL TRADE, EMPLOYMENT, AND TRAVEL PATTERNS. A SUBSTANTIAL LATENT DEMAND FOR TRANSIT SERVICE WAS INDICATED. TWO CURRENT MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS ARE EXPLORED AT LENGTH. THESE INCLUDE: (1) CREATING A REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY, AND (2) CONTRACTING WITH A PRIVATE CARRIER TO PROVIDE CONSOLIDATED SERVICES WITH A GUARANTEE AGAINST ASSESSMENTS FOR OPERATING DEFICITS. FIVE OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE OPTIONS ARE ALSO EXAMINED. A WIDE VARIETY OF SERVICE ALTERNATIVES ARE ANALYZED FOR IMPROVING BUS TRANSIT GENERALLY. THESE ARE BROKEN DOWN AMONG FOUR BASIC CATEGORIES: (1) PUPIL TRANSPORTATION, (2) ROUTES AND SCHEDULES, (3) EQUIPMENT, AND (4) FARE STRUCTURE. A SYSTEM IS RECOMMENDED COMPRISED OF THE FOLLOWING FEATURES: (1) SCHOOL BUS SERVICE LIMITED TO GRADE SCHOOL STUDENTS ONLY, (2) A NETWORK-DEMAND ACTUATED ROUTE AND SCHEDULING POLICY, (3) A MIX OF VEHICLES IN THE BUS FLEET, AND (4) A FLAT FARE WITH FREE TRANSFERS. LONG-RANGE PROPOSALS ARE ALSO SUGGESTED WITH REFERENCE TO ROUTE REVISIONS, FARE CHANGES, AND MARKETING. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH TRIP GENERATION, A YOUTH TRANSPORTATION SURVEY, AND A SUMMARY OF TRANSPORTATION AREA LEGISLATION. /UMTA/ KW - Computers KW - Demand KW - Fares KW - Laws KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Service KW - Traffic assignment KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228274 AU - American Academy of Transportation TI - DATA PLOTTING AND ANALYSIS, ORIGIN--DESTINATION, TECHNICAL REPORT NO 4 PY - 1970/06 AB - AN O/D ANALYSIS WAS MADE FOR THE MAXI-CAB COMMUTER CLUB PROGRAM OF FLINT, MICHIGAN. DATA ON OVER 83,000 HOURLY AND SALARIED EMPLOYEES WORKING IN EIGHT LARGE TRAFFIC GENERATORS, INCLUDING THE CBD, WERE NECESSARY: NAME, ADDRESS, SHIFT START--QUIT TIMES, PLANT WHERE EMPLOYED, AND PLANT ENTRANCE NEAREST THE WORK STATION. EACH EMPLOYEE'S RESIDENCE WAS PLOTTED ON A MAP COVERING THE FLINT TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY'S SERVICE AREA. THE ORIGIN- DESTINATION SURVEY AND ANALYSIS REVEALED THAT INSTEAD OF BEING CLUSTERED IN HIGH-DENSITY NEIGHBORHOODS WORKERS WERE ACTUALLY SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE CITY. THIS, OF COURSE, WOULD INCREASE THE COLLECTION--DELIVERY TIMES AND MAKE THIS TYPE OF SERVICE MORE DIFFICULT IN FLINT THAN IN A MORE COMPOSITE CITY. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Distance KW - Dwellings KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Industries KW - Origin and destination KW - Residential areas KW - Spacing KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239486 AU - American Academy of Transportation TI - ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION PROGRAM DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION PY - 1970/06 AB - THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE PROMOTION AND PRODUCT PLANNING POLICIES FOR THE MAXI-CAB COMMUTER CLUB, A SPECIAL PORTAL-TO-PORTAL-BUS SERVICE AIMED AT THE CITY RESIDENT WHO DRIVES HIS CAR TO WORK, BEGUN IN FLINT, MICHIGAN ON SEPTEMBER 9, 1968. A PRELIMINARY MARKET PLAN WAS DEVELOPED WHICH PROVIDED THE BASIS FOR THE FLINT PROJECT. IT IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR AREAS: (1) THE PRODUCT SERVICE PACKAGE, (2) THE PROMOTIONAL EFFORT, (3) CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION, AND (4) PRICING POLICY. THE PROMOTIONAL PORTION OF THE PRELIMINARY PLAN CONSISTS OF FREE PUBLICITY, PUBLIC RELATIONS, PERSONAL SELLING, ADVERTISING, AND SALES PROMOTION, INCLUDING DIRECT MAIL. THE PROMOTIONAL PROGRAM FOR MAXI-CAB WAS BEGUN WITH A TWO-WEEK TEASER CAMPAIGN WHICH INCLUDED BILLBOARDS, RADIO SPOTS, DIRECT MAIL, AND NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING, EACH PROCLAIMING "MAX IS COMING", BUT NOT REVEALING WHAT "MAX" WAS. A COORDINATED SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT TOOK PLACE ON AUGUST 18 AND 19, USING VARIOUS MEDIA: PRESS RELEASES, BILLBOARDS, DIRECT MAIL, AND RADIO AND NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING, RELEASING TO THE PUBLIC THAT "MAX" WAS A BUS SERVICE. THE ANNOUNCEMENTS EMPHASIZED THE COMFORT AND CONVENIENCE OF THE SERVICE. IN OCTOBER, A DIRECT MAILING TO 32,000 AUTO WORKERS WAS SENT OUT WHICH INCLUDED A SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT AND RIDERSHIP APPLICATION. THE MAXI-CAB PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN WAS VERY SUCCESSFUL, AND THE AUTHORS CONCLUDED THAT THE CAMPAIGN'S SUCCESS WAS DUE TO: (1) AN APPROACH CALCULATED TO AROUSE THE PROSPECT'S INTEREST, (2) AN APPEAL THAT STIRS IMMAGINATION AND FOSTERS THOUGHTS OF THE SERVICE IN TERMS OF PERSONAL NEED, AND (3) TO MAKE BELIEVABLE CLAIMS. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuting KW - Demographics KW - Employment KW - Market research KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131260 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00080103 JO - AREA BULLETIN PB - American Railway Engineering Association AU - Ireland, H O AU - American Railway Engineering Association TI - SOIL STABILIZATION. LIME USED FOR SOIL STABILIZATION PY - 1970/06 IS - 628 SP - p. 846-855 AB - The stabilization of soils with lime has been extended to a broad range of projects including highways, airports, railways and building sites and its use is growing rapidly. Since quicklime is more dangerous to workmen and therefore more difficult to work with, hydrated lime is commonly used to modify lime-grained soils by the addition of three to eight percent lime by weight. When added to plastic soils, lime generally reduces the plasticity and increases the friability thus improving workability. Lime treatment also reduces both expansion and shrinkage of swelling soils and tends to form a barrier to keep excess water from reaching untreated subsoils. Lime stabilization also increases the strength of soils. Lime requirements and methods of applications are given. KW - Calcium oxide KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044205 AU - Regional Planning Commission, Cuyahoga County TI - CLEVELAND-HOPKINS AIRPORT ACCESS STUDY: SURVEY RESULTS PY - 1970/06 SP - 180 p. AB - The impact of providing rapid rail transit service between the Cleveland central business district and Hopkins Airport is assessed with reference to modal split and ridership characteristics. Two separate surveys of airport users were correlated, representing characteristic ridership profiles by mode both before and after the transit link became operational. The report outlines data collected concerning: overall airport activity and transit ridership; characteristics of air passengers, air trips, and ground trips to the airport; passenger-related visitors; airport employees; and casual visitors. Findings include: (1) Nearly 58% of all transit riders were air passengers, and only 1/4 of this group began their trips in the Cleveland central business district. (2) Approximately 14.5% of all air passengers at Hopkins Airport used the rapid transit for airport access. More significantly, at least 25% of all air passengers with origin or destination in the rapid transit service area used the system. (3) All modes of travel indicated some ridership diverted to the rapid transit. (4) Transit use rose to more than 30% among air passengers traveling to or from terminals of the rapid transit system. (5) Ridership among airport employees rose from 8% to 18%. (6) Transit was also used by small percentages of passenger-related and casual airport visitors. KW - Airport access KW - Central business districts KW - Cleveland Hopkins International Airport KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Landside capacity KW - Modal split KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/8658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201098 AU - Likens, J D AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - THE WELFARE COSTS OF NON-OPTIMAL AIRPORT UTILIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE AIRPORTS PY - 1970/06 AB - THIS REPORT REVIEWS THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE AIRPORT - IT'S PROBLEMS, THEORETICAL ISSUES IN THE PRICING OF TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES THE MULTIPLE AIRPORT MODEL, ESTIMATES OF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, COST FUNCTIONS, OPTIMAL TOLLS, TOLL REVENUES, AND WELFARE COSTS. THE THEORETICAL ISSUES RELATED TO PRICING OF THE TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES INCLUDE CONGESTION AND PEAK LOAD PRICING WITH CONSTANT AND VARIABLE DEMAND FOR MULTIPLE FACILITIES. THE AUTHOR DEVELOPED A MULTIPLE AIRPORT MODEL, BEGINNING WITH A SIMPLE MODEL FOR ONE AIRPORT IN ORDER TO DISCOVER WAYS TO MODIFY THE GENERAL MODELS TO ALLOW FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUAL AIRPORTS. THE PURPOSE OF ESTIMATING PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS IS TO BEGIN EMPIRICAL APPLICATION OF THE AIRPORT MODEL TO THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE AIRPORTS. THE REPORT CONTAINS A REVIEW OF THE STATE OF EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DEMAND FOR AIR TRANSPORTATION. THIS DEMAND CURRENTLY IS SO LIMITED THAT CONSIDERABLE CONTROVERSY EXISTS ABOUT PRICE ELASTICITY. THE STUDY ENDS WITH A COMPARISON OF THE TOTAL COST OF PASSENGER TRIPS THROUGH ALL THREE AIRPORTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOSITION OF OPTIMAL CONGESTION TOLLS. THE DIFFERENCE SERVES AS A MEASURE OF THE WELFARE LOSS WHICH RESULTS FROM THE PRESENT NON-OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE AIRPORTS. /UMTA/ KW - Airports KW - Baltimore Washington International Airport KW - Budgeting KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Fares KW - Game theory KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Washington Dulles International Airport UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241959 AU - Geiser, K R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING: 1, POLITICAL PROCESSES OF URBAN FREEWAY CONTROVERSIES PY - 1970/06 AB - ALL ASPECTS OF CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION IN URBAN AMERICA ARE DISCUSSED. SUBSTANTIAL BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION OUTLINES THE CONTEXT OF FREEWAY CONTROVERSIES AND INCLUDES SUMMARIES OF FEDERAL HIGHWAY PROGRAMMING AND FINANCING. IN THREE CASE STUDIES, THE CUASES, CONDUCT AND RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONTROVERSIES CONCERNING FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION ARE ANALYZED. THESE STUDIES COVER SEVERAL RECENT CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS IN SEATTLE, BALTIMORE AND BOSTON, AND THEY ARE BASED IN LARGE PART UPON INTERVIEWS. CASE ANALYSIS LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF A "HIGHWAY CONTROVERSY MODEL". CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN TO THE "NATURE OF PROTEST ACTIVITY IN ... FREEWAY CONTROVERSIES" FROM VARIOUS COMPONENT ASPECTS INCLUDING PARTICIPANTS, PROTEST ORGANIZATIONS AND LEADERS, PROFESSIONAL ADVOCATES, THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA, THE WIDENING ROLE OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT, AND VARIOUS PROTEST TACTICS AND ACTIVITIES. THE NATURE OF HIGHWAY PLANNING, ITS EVOLUTION AND ROLE IN OVERALL METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IS ALSO DISCUSSED AS WELL AS THE NATURE OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO URBAN FREEWAY CONTROVERSIES. THE CONFLICT BETWEEN TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS IS ALSO SUMMARIZED. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Highway planning KW - Politics KW - Public opinion KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131995 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241968 AU - Kasoff, M J AU - Syracuse University TI - SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS UNDERLYING PUBLIC TRANSIT USE IN THE JOURNEY TO WORK - OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 1 PY - 1970/06 AB - AN EMPIRICAL MODEL DEVELOPED FOR EVALUATING PRIMARY SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MODAL CHOICE FOR WORK TRIPS IN MEDIUM SIZED CITIES EMPLOYED ONE DEPENDENT VARIABLE (THE RELATIVE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION) AND SEVEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WHICH WERE GENERALLY ACCEPTED TO BE DETERMINANTS OF INDIVIDUAL TRANSIT USAGE: RACE; AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP; MARITAL STATUS; FAMILY INCOME; PERCENTAGE OF FEMALES EMPLOYED IN THE TOTAL LABOR FORCE; FAMILY SIZE; AND POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT DENSITY. DATA OBTINED FROM CENSUS TRACTS WERE SUBJECTED TO A VARIETY OF EMPIRICAL COMPUTATIONS TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF EACH ON THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND THE RELATIVE STRENGTH OF INTERACTIONS AMONG THEM. THE RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS CONFIRMED THE BASIC ASSUMPTION OF EARLIER WORK TRIP FINDINGS THAT INCREASED AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP IS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO THE DECLINE OF TRANSIT USE IN THE UNITED STATES. THE LATTER ACCOUNTED FOR AS MUCH AS 75% OF THE VARIANCE IN TRANSIT RIDERSHIP. THE ANALYSES OF FAMILY INCOME WERE ALSO DEMONSTRATED TO HAVE A CONTROLLING INFLUENCE ON MODAL SPLIT SINCE INCREASING VALUES OF THE VARIABLE HELPED TO ACCOUNT FOR GREATER AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP AND MOVEMENT TO SUBURBAN AREAS NOT SERVED BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. SOME COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES IN LARGE VERSUS MEDIUM SIZED CITIES WERE ALSO YIELDED. FOR EXAMPLE, HIGH PARKING FEES AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN THE LARGER URBAN AREAS MAY BE DISINCENTIVES TO AUTOMOBILE USE EVEN WHEN OWNERSHIP LEVELS ARE HIGH. A SECOND EXAMPLE CONCERNED THE VARIABLE FOR RACE WHICH BEHAVED AS EXPECTED IN ALL CITIES AND SUGGESTED A PROPORTIONAL INCREASE IN TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AS THE NON-WHITE POPULATION INCREASED. HOWEVER, THE VARIABLE WAS LESS USEFUL AS A PREDICTIVE TOOL IN THE SMALLER CITIES WHERE THE NON-WHITE POPULATION WAS NOT CONCENTRATED IN A DENSELY INHABITED INNER CITY CORE. OTHER VARIABLES DID NOT YIELD SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS. CHANGES IN THE MODEL AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ARE RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Cities KW - Empirical methods KW - Employment KW - Income KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Race KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit usage KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201062 AU - American Academy of Transportation TI - FARE STRUCTURE: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION- TECHNICAL REPORT #2 PY - 1970/06 AB - AS THE FIRST STAGE IN DETERMINING FARES FOR THE MAXI-CAB DEMONSTRATION PROJECT, A THOROUGH COST ANALYSIS OF BUS TRANSIT IN THE REGION WAS CONDUCTED. "COST FLOORS" WERE DEVELOPED WHICH REFLECTED MINIMUM REVENUES NECESSARY TO SUPPORT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF SERVICE. AN ESTIMATE FOR TOTAL OPERATING COSTS WAS DERIVED BY PROJECTING THE RATIO BETWEEN EACH OPERATIONAL FUNCTION (MAINTENANCE, ADMINISTRATION, EQUIPMENT) COST AND MILEAGE. MARKET RESEARCH SURVEYS WERE CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE PROBABLE VALUE OF MAXI-CAB SERVICE TO ITS PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS. THIS ANALYSIS COVERED BOTH QUANTITATIVE (DAILY WORK TRIP COSTS) AND QUALITATIVE (ATTRACTIVE FEATURES OF PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION WHICH COULD BE OFFERED BY MAXI-CAB) VARIABLES. SURVEYS INDICATED THAT NEARLY THREE PERSONS IN FOUR SPENT UPWARDS OF $4.00 WEEKLY FOR TRANSPORTATION AND THAT 81% WOULD SUPPORT MAXI-CAB IF FARES WERE HELD TO 71found THE ROUND-TRIP. DATA COLLECTED DURING THE COST ANALYSIS AND MARKET RESEARCH STAGES WAS COMPARED WITH PROPOSED ROUTES FOR THE MAXI-CAB TO DELINEATE VIABLE FARE ZONES WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA. FOUR FARE ZONES WERE DEVELOPED BASED ON THE DISTANCE OF ROUTE SEGMENTS FROM THEIR RESPECTIVE DESTINATIONS. A GRADUATED FARE STRUCTURE WAS THEN FASHIONED WITHIN THE ZONAL SYSTEM. FARES ARE COMPUTED ON A DAILY AND MONTHLY BASIS AND REVEAL COSTS THAT COMPARE FAVORABLY WITH PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION FOR PERSONS TRAVELING THREE OR FEWER MILES TO WORK. APPENDED MATERIAL DOCUMENTS ADDITIONAL DATA AND PROCEDURAL ASPECTS FOR MARKET ANALYSIS. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Market research KW - Mileage KW - Operating costs KW - Routes KW - Surveys KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241967 AU - Rasmussen, D W AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT: AN ECONOMIC INPUT - REPORT NO 2 PY - 1970/06 AB - THE ECONOMIST'S ROLE IN JOINT DEVELOPMENT IS DEALT WITH. JOINT DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY, AS APPLIED TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION, SPECIFICALLY CONCERNS THE CONFLICT BETWEEN CONSUMER PROCLIVITIES FOR PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION AND THE IMPACT OF SUCH DECISIONS UPON SOCIETY AT LARGE. IN ADDITION, THE JOINT DEVELOPMENT METHOD IS SEEN AS A NEW DIMENSION IN PREVIOUSLY ECONOMIC-ORIENTED QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES TO URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNNG. /UMTA/ KW - Economic benefits KW - Joint development KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241960 AU - Miller, D R AU - Mertins, H AU - Syracuse University TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY: FACT OR FICTION (OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 2) PY - 1970/06 AB - A SUMMARY IS PRESENTED OF NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION POLICIES AND FEDERAL ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES THROUGH 1969, AND IS DIVIDED AMONG FOUR BASIC SECTIONS. SECTION ONE REVIEWS FEDERAL HIGHWAY LEGISLATION. PARTICULARLY IN TERMS OF ITS IMPACT ON THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY. SECTION TWO IS A REVIEW AND APPRAISAL OF LEGISLATION THAT SPECIFICALLY PERTAINS TO URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION, ESPECIALLY THE MASS TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1964. SECTION THREE DEALS WITH THE EFFECTS OF FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES ON THE SCOPE AND EMPHASIS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY. THE LATTER PARTICULARLY EMPHASIZES CREATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION BY PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S REORGANIZATION PLAN #12 IN 1968. COORDINATION OF PROGRAMS AND POLICIES BETWEEN THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND DOT AND BETWEEN DIFFERENT DOT AGENCIES IS STUDIED. THE FINAL SECTION DISCUSSES AND EVALUATES THE INTERACTION BETWEEN FEDERAL POLICY AND URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Laws KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241979 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - RESTON TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1970/06 AB - TRAVEL DEMANDS WERE DETERMINED BY FIRST ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF TRIPS AT THEIR SOURCE AND THEIR DESTINATIONS BROKEN DOWN BY TRIP PURPOSE. A DISTRIBUTION MODEL WAS DEVELOPED TO ESTIMATE THE RELATIVE ATTRACTIVENESS OF EACH TRIP GENERATOR TO ALL OTHER POINTS. THIS MODEL PROVIDED AN ESTIMATE OF THE NUMBER OF TRIPS PEOPLE MAKE ON A TYPICAL DAY AND ESTABLISHED THE BASIS FOR SUBSEQUENT PHASES OF THE STUDY. THESE WERE: (1) A MODAL CHOICE ANALYSIS OF TRIP-MAKING TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO WILL TRAVEL AS TRANSIT PASSENGERS, AND (2) AN ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL ROUTES FOR TRIPS BY EACH MODE USING AN ASSIGNMENT MODEL. THESE MODELS ARE MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS WHICH DUE TO THE LARGE NUMBER OF CALCULATIONS IMPLICIT IN THEIR PROCESSING REQUIRED THE USE OF HIGH SPEED COMPUTERS. THE FINDINGS WERE BASED ON FIELD DATA AND TWO HOME INTERVIEW SURVEYS WHICH REVEALED THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND TRIP MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF AREA RESIDENTS. WALK TRIPS WERE ANALYZED, BUT OBSERVATIONS INDICATED THAT THESE TRIPS WERE MADE MAINLY FOR SOCIAL-RECREATION PURPOSES AND THUS WOULD NOT SIGNIFICANTLY DIMINSH THE NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS MADE IN RESTON EACH DAY. REVENUE FOR SCHOOL BUSES AND DAILY TRIPS (BOTH INTO AND OUT OF RESTON) ARE ESTIMATED. TWO TRANSIT AND THREE HIGHWAY NETWORKS WERE ALSO TESTED TO FURTHER ANALYZE FUTURE NEEDS. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - New towns KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242129 AU - Taylor, J G AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - RESERVED LANES FOR BUSES: THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPERIMENT PY - 1970/06 AB - SUCH PRIORITY SCHEMES AS RESERVED LANES FOR COMMUTER BUSES CAN ASSIST IN REDUCING TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON MAJOR METROPOLITAN HIGHWAYS AND INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM. EXCLUSIVE BUS LANES ARE BEING TRIED OUT IN SEVERAL CITIES. THE EVOLUTION OF THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY PROJECT (INITIAL PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND ADMINISTRATION) IS EXAMINED PRIOR TO ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE DEMONSTRATION, BEGINNING WITH POSSIBLE DRIVER REACTION TO THE EXCLUSIVE BUSWAY. INITIAL MOTORIST REACTION HAD BEEN SLIGHT, BUT POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS AND COUNTERMEASURES CAN BE ANTICIPATED. POTENTIAL LITIGATION AGAINST RESERVED BUSWAYS IS EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO THE USE OF PUBLIC TAX REVENUES TO GIVE PRIORITY TO PRIVATE TRANSIT CARRIERS AND THE POSSIBILITY THAT CHARTERING OF THE RESERVED LANES EXCEEDS THE AUTHORITY OF THE VIRGINIA COMMISSIONER OF HIGHWAYS. COUNTERMEASURES AND PALLIATIVES TO REDUCE ADVERSE DRIVER REACTION AND POLITICAL PRESSURE ARE SUGGESTED. DATA COLLECTION METHODS FOR BEFORE-AND-AFTER STUDIES OF THE BUSWAY EXPERIMENT ARE RECOMMENDED IN THE AREAS OF TRAFFIC COUNTS ON THE HIGHWAY, TRAFFIC VOLUME IN THE ADJACENT AREA, TRUCK TRAFFIC, AUTO OCCUPANCY, TRAVEL TIME, AND RIDERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS. AS A FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVE OF THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPERIMENT IS TO REDUCE THE VOLUME OF COMMUTATION BY PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C., AREA, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT INCENTIVES TO INCREASE AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTIVITY BE COMBINED WITH DISINCENTIVES FOR OVERALL AUTOMOBILE USAGE: THE FORMER THROUGH STRICT REGULATION OF DOWNTOWN PARKING BY INCREASED COSTS AND REDUCED AVAILABILITY. THE CAPITAL AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS TO SATISFY PROJECT DEMAND FOR COMMUTER BUS SERVICE ARE ESTIMATED. /UMTA/ KW - Availability KW - Bus lanes KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241946 AU - Brandon, J G AU - Coon, M AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR INCORPORATING COMMUNITY VALUES INTO PLANNING GOAL FORMULATION (REPORT NO 3) PY - 1970/06 AB - A GENERAL RESEARCH STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING COMMUNITY GOALS IS PROPOSED. THE CONCEPT, JOINT DEVELOPMENT, IS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE A SOCIAL-CULTURAL, AS WELL AS PHYSICAL CONTEXT IN THE PROCESS OF GOAL IDENTIFICATION. GOAL IDENTIFICATION IS DEVELOPED ALONG THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF ETHICS, FUNCTIONS, AND MEANINGS, THE MEANINGS DIMENSION IS THOUGHT TO BE THE MOST IMMEDIATELY USEFUL IN DEVELOPING PLANNING PROPOSALS PALATABLE TO THE COMMUNITY. VALUES, ATTITUDES, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS ARE DISCUSSED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT IN THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE INTO A COMMUNITY, A CONFLICT MODEL OF COMMUNITY IS MOST APPLICABLE. /UMTA/ KW - Communities KW - Community values KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Innovation KW - Planning KW - Politics KW - Semantics KW - Social values KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242149 AU - HINMAN, E J AU - Brown, S J AU - Mark, F F AU - Pitts, G AU - Carlson, R S AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS - TECHNICAL REVIEWS OF SIX BASELINE DEFINITIONS PY - 1970/06 AB - THIS REPORT CONTAINS INDIVIDUAL TECHNICAL EVALUATIONS OF SIX PROPOSED COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: (1) VARO MONOCAB, (2) WESTINGHOUSE VEHICLE SYSTEM, (3) TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM, (4) SKY-KAR TRANSIVATOR, (5) ALDEN STARRCAR, AND (6) DASHAVEYOR TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE VARO MONOCAB IS DESIGNED PRIMARILY TO SERVE AS A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR A MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTER. IT CONSISTS OF SMALL, CLOSELY SPACED, ELECTRICALLY POWERED VEHICLES SUSPENDED FROM A GUIDEWAY NETWORK AND OPERATING A DEMAND-ACTIVATED MODE. THE MONORAIL GUIDEWAY IS SUPPORTED AT 60-FOOT INTERVALS BY STEEL COLUMS. ALONG THE HIGH-SPEED SECTIONS THE GUIDEWAY IS ATTACHED TO THE COLUMNS BY SECTIONS OF STEEL CABLE THAT PROVIDE THE GUIDEWAY WITH A "SPRING SUSPENSION". THE WESTINGHOUSE VEHICLE SYSTEM FOR MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS CONSISTS OF 20 FOOT-LONG, PNEUMATIC-TIRED, AUTOMATIC VEHICLES OPERATING SINGLY OR IN TRAINS OVER AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT-OF-WAY. THIS SYSTEM HAS EVOLVED FROM THE TRANSIT EXPRESSWAY AND DIFFERS FROM IT PRIMARILY IN THE USE OF A SMALLER VEHICLE, IN THE RAISING OF THE GUIDEBEAM ABOVE THE SUPPORT SURFACE, AND IN THE METHOD OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL. THE TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS A SMALL- VEHICLE CONCEPT THAT EMPLOYS AIR CUSHION PADS FOR SUPPORT AND SUSPENSION, LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS (LIM'S) FOR PROPULSION AND BRAKING, AND CENTRAL COMPUTER CONTROL OF VEHICLE SPEED, HEADWAY, SCHEDULING, AND ROUTING. SIX-AND TWELVE-PASSENGER VEHICLES ARE OPERATED IN A MULTIPLE-LOOP SYSTEM WITH A MAXIMUM SPEED OF 60 MPH AND A MINIMUM HEADWAY OF 10 SECONDS. THE SKY-KAR TRANSIVATOR IS DESIGNED TO SERVE PRIMARILY AS A COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF SMALL VEHICLES SUSPENDED FROM OVERHEAD PNEUMATIC-TIRED TRUCKS THAT TRAVEL ALONG A STEEL I-BEAM GUIDEWAY SUPPORTED BY PYLONS HAVING A NOMINAL SPACING OF 50 FEET. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT DURING PROTOTYPE TESTING OF THE WESTINGHOUSE VEHICLE SYSTEM SPECIAL CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN TO POTENTIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFERENCE RESULTING FROM ELECTRICAL NOISE GENERATED BY THE PROPULSION AND POWER COLLECTION EQUIPMENT. THE SHORT HEADWAY OPERATION PROPOSED FOR THE SKY-KAR TRANSIVATOR IMPOSES A SEVERE CONSTRAINT ON THE TIME AVAILABLE FOR SWITCHING; THEREFORE, ON-BOARD SWITCHING EQUIPMENT BE DEVELOPED. THE LIM EMPLOYED BY THE TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, PROVIDES AN ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVE TO ROTARY MOTORS FOR LOW-SPEED, SMALL-VEHICLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. AT PRESENT, HOWEVER, LIM DESIGN HAS NOT BEEN OPTIMIZED FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS. ALSO, LIM MOTOR THRUST CONTROLLERS HAVE YET TO BE DEMONSTRATED UNDER THE RATE OF OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS TYPICAL OF AN URBAN APPLICATION. FURTHER DEVELOPMENT EFFORT IN THESE AREAS IS RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Activity centers KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Central business districts KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Linear induction motors KW - People movers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242144 AU - Blevins, R W AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - FAST TRANSIT LINK SYSTEMS, TECHNICAL REVIEWS OF FOUR BASELINE DEFINITIONS PY - 1970/06 AB - EACH PROPOSED SYSTEM, ANALYZED FOR ITS POTENTIAL IN HIGH- DENSITY URBAN CORRIDORS, IS CHARACTERIZED BY FIXED GUIDEWAYS, HEADWAYS EXCEEDING 75 SECONDS, SCHEDULED OPERATION, AND SPEEDS ABOVE 75 MPH. THE FOUR FTL SYSTEMS REVIEWED ARE: (1) THE AERIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM; (2) THE GENERAL ELECTRIC AERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM; (3) THE GRAVITY VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM; AND (4) THE SCHERER MONOBEAM SUSPENSION CONCEPT. THE AERIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM (ATS) IS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR FTL SERVICE AND CONSISTS OF LIGHT-WEIGHT VEHICLES SUPPORTED FROM ABOVE BY PNEUMATIC-TIRED TRUCKS TRAVELLING ALONG A FLEXIBLE STEEL GUIDEWAY. THE GUIDEWAY IS SUPPORTED BY CABLES SUSPENDED FROM TOWERS AT A NOMINAL SPACING OF 1200 FEET. THE GENERAL ELECTRIC ATS EMPLOYS AN INVERTED "U"-SHAPE GUIDEWAY WITH PNEUMATIC-TIRED TRUCKS ENCLOSED WITHIN THE GUIDEWAY BEAM. THE GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEM EMPLOYS A COMBINATION OF PNEUMATIC PRESSURE AND GRAVITY TO PROPEL TRAINS ENCLOSED WITHIN AN EVACUATED TUBE AT HIGHER SPEEDS THAN CAN BE ACHIEVED BY CONVENTIONAL FTL'S. THE SCHERER MONOBEAM IS A SUSPENSION CONCEPT THAT PERMITS TRANSIT VEHICLES TO OPERATE ON BOTH SIDES OF A SINGLE-BEAM AERIAL STRUCTURE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TRAVEL IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. THE MONOBEAM IS ANALYZED MORE AS A UNIQUE SUSPENSION CONCEPT THAN AS A COMPLETE FTL SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Aerial tramways KW - Aerial transit system KW - Elevated guideways KW - Future concepts KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Innovation KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Overhead suspension KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Rapid transit KW - Scherer monobeam KW - Tube vehicle systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228276 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND PROGRAM PY - 1970/06 AB - SERVICE IS CURRENTLY PROVIDED BY THE PUBLIC SAN DIEGO TRANSIT CORPORATION AND SEVERAL SMALLER PRIVATE BUS LINES. ALTHOUGH NO MAJOR SERVICE PROBLEMS WERE EVIDENT, INTERLINE TRANSFERS ARE NOT AVAILABLE, AND THERE IS LITTLE AREAWIDE CO-ORDINATION AMONG THE SYSTEMS. MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES ARE REVIEWED, AND CREATION OF A METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY IS RECOMMENDED. HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS TO DETERMINE TRIP PURPOSES, CAR AVAILABILITY, AND TRANSFER DEMAND YIELDED A REGIONAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING RIDERSHIP. THE MODEL WAS EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP TWO ALTERNATIVE FUTURE TRANSIT NETWORKS FOR SAN DIEGO. THE COMPONENTS OF A TEN-YEAR CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM ARE ADUMBRATED IN CONJUNCTION WITH INNOVATIVE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. POSSIBLE TECHNIQUES FOR ATTRACTING PATRONAGE INCLUDE FREEWAY EXPRESS BUS SERVICE, EMPLOYER TAX INCENTIVES, BUS PRIORITIES AT INTERSECTIONS, EXCLUSIVE BUS LANES, COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, AND SPECIAL CONSUMER SERVICES. POTENTIAL DEMONSTRATIONS OF COMPUTER SCHEDULING OF BUSES, FREEWAY CORRIDOR BUS OPERATIONS, SHUTTLE SERVICE BETWEEN THE MODEL CITIES AREA AND A HOSPITAL, THE NEW-TECHNOLOGY BUS VEHICLE, AND A FLEET-VEHICLE COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM ARE DISCUSSED. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A DISCUSSION OF SYSTEM PRIORITIES AND COSTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration projects KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Transfers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241579 AU - Brandon, J G AU - Coon, M AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR INCORPORATING COMMUNITY VALUES INTO PLANNING GOAL FORMULATION PY - 1970/06 AB - A GENERAL RESEARCH STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING COMMUNITY GOALS IS PROPOSED. THE CONCEPT, JOINT DEVELOPMENT, IS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE A SOCIAL-CULTURAL, AS WELL AS PHYSICAL CONTEXT IN THE PROCESS OF GOAL IDENTIFICATION. GOAL IDENTIFICATION IS DEVELOPED ALONG THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF ETHICS, FUNCTIONS AND MEANINGS, THE MEANING DIMENSION IS THOUGHT TO BE THE MOST IMMEDIATELY USEFUL IN DEVELOPING PLANNING PROPOSALS PALATABLE TO THE COMMUNITY. VALUES, ATTITUDES, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS ARE DISCUSSED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT IN THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE INTO A COMMUNITY, A CONFLICT MODEL OF COMMUNITY IS MOST APPLICABLE. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Community values KW - Development KW - Joint development KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Social factors KW - Social values KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241582 AU - Geiser, K R AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKING: 1. POLITICAL PROCESSES OF URBAN FREEWAY CONTROVERSIES PY - 1970/06 AB - THE CHARACTER OF THE EVENTS WHICH HAVE COME TO MAKE UP "FREEWAY REVOLTS" ARE EXAMINED. THE STUDY FOCUSES ON THREE CASE CITIES, EACH OF WHICH HAS DEVELOPED A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES. THE UNDERLYING AIM IN PRESENTING THE CASE HISTORIES OF THESE VARIED EXAMPLES IS TO DEVELOP A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WHICH WILL MORE CAREFULLY DOCUMENT, DESCRIBE AND SET INTO CONTEXT THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES. GIVEN AN ANALYTIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE HIGHWAY CONTROVERSIES, THE STUDY THEN PROCEEDS TO DRAW OUT INTERPRETATIONS OF THEIR MEANING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE WIDER SOCIETY. /UMTA/ KW - Freeways KW - Highway planning KW - Politics KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241584 AU - Mertins, H AU - Miller, D R AU - Syracuse University TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY: FACT OR FICTION PY - 1970/06 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO EXAMINE BRIEFLY EXISTING FEDERAL URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO SOME OF ITS INHERENT PARADOXES. THE CONCERN IS PRIMARILY WITH THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE IN URBAN AREAS; GOODS TRAFFIC RECEIVES ONLY INCIDENTAL CONSIDERATION. NO INTEGRATED NATIONAL POLICY GOVERNS THE PASSAGE AND FUNDING OF FEDERAL LEGISLATION PERTAINING TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION. WHAT EXISTS NOW IS "PIECEMEAL POLICY" --AN AMALGAM OF RESPONSES TO PARTICULAR CRISES; LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND LEGAL; AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ACTIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF SPECIFIC FEDERAL (OR OTHER) POLICY. THE FIRST SECTION OF THE PAPER REVIEWS FEDERAL HIGHWAY LEGISLATION, PARTICULARLY IN TERMS OF ITS IMPACT ON THE FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY. THIS IS FOLLOWED BY A REVIEW AND AN APPRAISAL OF LEGISLATION THAT SPECIFICALLY PERTAINS TO URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. THE THIRD SECTION DEALS WITH THE EFFECTS OF FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES ON THE SCOPE AND EMPHASIS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION POLICY. IN THE FINAL SECTION, THE INTERACTIONS OF FEDERAL POLICY AND URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS ARE EVALUATED. /UMTA/ KW - Laws KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241588 AU - Iit Research Institute TI - MORV: A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A MOBILE OVERPASS ROADWAY REPAIR VEHICLE PY - 1970/06 AB - TYPICALLY, THE REPAIR OF URBAN EXPRESSWAYS IS CARRIED OUT BY CLOSING ONE OR TWO LANES OF AN EIGHT LANE EXPRESSWAY FOR SOME LENGTH AND USING CREWS OF WORKERS ARMED WITH HAND TOOLS AND PORTABLE POWER MACHINERY. A SOLUTION TO REPAIRING EXPRESSWAYS WITHOUT DISRUPTING TRAFFIC IS PRESENTED IN THE FORM OF A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR A MACHINE WHICH IS FELT TO HAVE THE MOST POTENTIAL FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM. SEVERAL YEARS OF DETAILED DESIGN ANALYSIS IS NECESSARY TO CARRY THE DESIGN TO A FINAL FORM. /UMTA/ KW - Expressways KW - Highway maintenance KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic interference KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241995 AU - Lericolais, R G AU - Messinger, A AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School TI - TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS AS A NEW URBAN SPACE PARTITION PY - 1970/05/31 AB - THE PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY OF GRAPHS ARE APPLIED TO ABSTRACT CONCEPTS OF TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT THERE WOULD BE COMPLETE SEPARATION OF PEDESTRIAN FROM VEHICULAR TRAFFIC; THAT, GIVEN A FIXED NUMBER OF CARS, THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF STREETS THE LESS TRAFFIC EACH STREET WILL CARRY; THAT PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC CROSSES VEHICULAR STREETS AT AN UPPER LEVEL ON ELEVATED BRIDGES AND THAT THE RESULTING ECONOMY OF A SYSTEM IS RECORDED BY THE LENGTH OF PATH AND BY THE NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS. THE METHODOLOGY, RESULTS, AND APPLICATIONS ARE DESCRIBED. /UMTA/ KW - Crosswalks KW - Geometry KW - Grade separations KW - Grids (Coordinates) KW - Intersections KW - Length KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242143 AU - MITRE Corporation TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CANDIDATES FOR URBAN APPLICATIONS PY - 1970/05/28 AB - THE REPORT DEVELOPS A CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR PROPOSED SYSTEMS OF URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION. THE PURPOSE OF THE REPORT IS TO PRESENT IN A CONCISE FORMAT THE DESCRIPTION AND STATUS OF TRANSIT CONCEPTS AND TO REVIEW CANDIDATES FOR FUTURE RD&D PROGRAMS. A LITERATURE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED TO GENERATE A COMPREHENSIVE INVENTORY OF CANDIDATE TRANSIT SYSTEMS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. THE REPORT DOCUMENTS RELEVANT INFORMATION CONCERNING 123 INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS. WHERE AVAILABLE, DATA ARE PROVIDED ON SYSTEM INNOVATIONS, SUB-SYSTEMS, VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS, SUPPORT DESCRIPTION, DEVELOPMENT STATUS, AND REFERENCE MATERIAL. EACH SYSTEM IS CLASSIFIED BY FUNCTIONAL, OPERATIONAL, AND DEVELOPMENT ATTRIBUTES. THREE ELEMENTS COMPOSE THE FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY: (1) LINE-HAUL SYSTEMS, CHARACTERIZED BY LONG-STAGE ROUTES, CAPACITIES ABOVE 10,000 PASSENGERS/HOUR, AND VELOCITIES OF APPROXIMATELY 25 MPH; (2) CIRCULATION SYSTEMS, CHARACTERIZED BY SHORT STAGES OF UNDER 2,000 FEET, FEWER THAN 10,000 PASSENGERS/HOUR CAPACITY, AND SPEEDS OF APPROXIMATELY 25 MPH; AND (3) SPECIAL PURPOSE SYSTEMS, SIGNED FOR BOTH PEOPLE AND GOODS MOVEMENT BETWEEN TWO FIXED POINTS WITH A CAPACITY NOT EXCEEDING 4,000 PASSENGERS/HOUR AND SPEEDS OF LESS THAN 1.5 MPH. THREE OPERATING MODE CATEGORIES WERE IDENTIFIED: (1) TRANSIT MODE (FIXED ROUTE AND STATION SYSTEMS WITH RIGID HEADWAYS AND REGULAR SCHEDULES TO ALL STATIONS); (2) DEMAND (DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE HEADWAYS AND SCHEDULES TO SELECTED STATIONS); AND (2) ORIGIN-DESTINATION MODE (PERSONALIZED RAPID TRANSIT, SIMILAR IN FLEXIBILITY TO THE DEMAND MODE, BUT PROVIDING POINT-TO-POINT TRANSPORTATION WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE STOPS). FIVE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES ARE EMPLOYED IN THE THIRD CLASSIFICATION: (1) OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS (IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE); (2) PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS (AVAILABILITY IN APPROXIMATELY TWO YEARS); (3) MODEL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS (AVAILABILITY IN TWO TO TEN YEARS); (4) ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY SYSTEMS (AVAILABILITY IN NOT LESS THAN TEN YEARS); AND (5) CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS (AVAILABILITY INDETERMINATE). THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING STATE-OF-THE-ART. AMONG THE THREE FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES, LINE-HAUL SYSTEMS ARE THE MOST HIGHLY DEVELOPED, WITH ELEVEN DESIGNS ALREADY OPERATIONAL. CIRCULATION SYSTEMS ARE LIMITED PRIMARILY TO THE TRANSIT MODE AND MAY THUS BECOME LITTLE MORE THAN MINIATURE RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. MOST SPECIAL PURPOSE SYSTEMS ARE ALSO LIMITED TO THE TRANSIT MODE, ALTHOUGH CONTINUING DEVELOPMENT OF MODIFIED ESCALATORS OR MOVING SIDEWALKS SHOWS PROMISE. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY IS APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Classification KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Public transit KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241948 AU - Carnegie Mellon University TI - ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE CARNEGIE-MELLON CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1970/05/25 AB - WITH AN INCREASED AWARENESS THAT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WILL BE REQUIRED IN THE NEXT DECADES, THE CONFERENCE FOCUSED ON FOUR MAJOR AREAS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENTS IN ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, THE FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, RESEARCH AREAS OF HIGH POTENTIAL, AND IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS AND ACCEPTANCE PROSPECTS FOR ADVANCED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THIS VOLUME COMPRISES THE PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE CONFERENCE. /AUTHOR/ KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241922 AU - Alden Self-transit Systems Corporation TI - ALDEN CAPSULE TRANSIT SYSTEM AND CONTROL SUBSYSTEM AND BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE ALDEN CAPSULE TRANSIT SYSTEM (ACTS), AN INNOVATIVE URBAN MODE FOR PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT, EMPLOYS SMALL VEHICLES (LESS THAN SIX PASSENGER CAPACITY) CALLED STARRCARS WHICH OPERATE OVER AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY STRUCTURES BETWEEN STATIONS. EACH CAPSULE IS INDIVIDUALLY PROGRAMMED BY ITS PASSENGERS TO PROVIDE DIRECT POINT-TO-POINT SERVICE WITHIN CENTER CITY AREAS, MEDIUM AND HIGH DENSITY SUBURBS, NEW TOWNS, OR OTHER MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS. THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SUBSYSTEM PERMITS VARIABLE HEADWAYS AND FLEXIBLE DEMAND-RESPONSIVE SERVICE DURING PEAK PERIODS. THE SUBSYSTEM ANALYSES ARE BROKEN DOWN AMONG: (1) CONTROL SYSTEMS; (2) VEHICLE; (3) GUIDEWAY STRUCTURE AND CONFIGURATION; (4) STATIONS; AND (5) OPERATING SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS. ALL TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF THE AUTOMATIC CONTROLS ARE EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO VEHICLE SPEED AND HEADWAY MAINTENANCE, PROPULSION CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTER HARDWARE, STATION CONTROL ELECTRONICS, ROUTE SLECTION CONTROL, SAFETY AND EMERGENCY FEATURES, AND THE GUIDEWAY/CONTROL INTERFACE. DESCRIPTION OF AN ACTS PROTOTYPE TESTING FACILITY IS ALSO PROVIDED. THE VEHICLE DESIGN IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL WITH REFERENCE TO BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS. THE OVERALL SYSTEM CAN BE MODIFIED TO EITHER HANDLE LARGER VEHICLES (APPROXIMATELY 16 PASSENGER CAPACITY) IN LINEHAUL SERVICE OR TO MOVE FREIGHT AND CARGO. THE GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION IS ALSO DESCRIBED WITH REFERENCE TO STRUCTURES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS, AND THE ELECTRICAL SUBSYSTEM. THE RESPECT FOCUSES PARTICULAR ATTENTION ON THE SWITCHING MECHANISM WHICH PERMITS VEHICLES TO MOVE FROM STATIONS INTO THE MAIN GUIDEWAY STREAM. STATIONS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED BRIEFLY ALONG WITH GENERAL SUPPORT OPERATIONS WHICH INCLUDE MAINTENANCE, FACILITIES OTHER THAN STATIONS, AND MANPOWER. FOUR POSSIBLE SYSTEM APPLICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO REQUIREMENTS FOR STATION SPACING, ESTIMATED SPEEDS, AND VEHICLE CAPACITY. THESE APPLICATIONS COVER: (1) A CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT; (2) INTERMODAL CONNECTION PASSING THROUGH A RESIDENTIAL AREA; (3) CONNECTION WITH A MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTER; AND (4) PARK CIRCULATION AND CONNECTOR FUNCTIONS. SIX SPECIFIC SYSTEM BENEFITS ARE OUTLINED WITH REFERENCE TO AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL, SAFETY, RELIABILITY, ECONOMIC OPERATION, AND SERVICE QUALITY. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDED ANALYSES OF NOISE SUPPRESSION BY THE ACTS, STEERING DYNAMICS, STATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS, AND FORMULAS FOR DETERMINING OPTIMAL STATION CAPACITY. /UMTA/ KW - Alden starrcar KW - Automatic control KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Guideways KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131968 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241572 AU - Manarolla, J A AU - Georgetown University TI - THE TRIP-TO-WORK: A SUBMODULE OF A GENERAL METROPOLITAN- REGIONAL AREA MAN-MACHINE SIMULATION PY - 1970/05 AB - A GENERAL OPERATIONAL SIMULATION OF A METROPOLITAN OR REGIONAL AREA HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED THAT INCLUDES DETAILED SPATIAL RELATIONS, PRIVATE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, LOCAL GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONS AND FEDERAL/ STATE AID, AND SUCH PERSONAL FUNCTIONS AS JOB SEEKING, DEMAND FOR PUBLIC FACILITIES, LEISURE TIME ACTIVITIES, AND VOTING BEHAVIOR. THE INTERNAL CONNECTORS ARE THE COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORTATION MODULES, THE LATTER EMBRACING THE TRIP-TO-WORK AND FOUR OTHER SUBMODULES. THE TRIP-TO-WORK SUBMODULE SEEKS TO FIND, FOR EVERY POPULATION UNIT, A ROUTE SELECTION PATTERN THAT IS BASED ON REALISTIC CRITERIA. MODAL COSTS TO THE USER ARE EMPLOYED IN A GAME THEORY SETTING THAT EMPLOYS TRAVEL TIME AND CONVENIENCE AS ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR DECISION-MAKING. KW - Criteria KW - Decision making KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241940 AU - Sky-kar Corporation TI - SKY-KAR TRANSIVATOR SYSTEM: A BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE SYSTEM, A SHORT-HAUL, HORIZONTAL PEOPLE MOVER, IS COMPOSED OF THREE BASIC COMPONENTS. THE VEHICLES, REFERRED TO AS KARS, ARE DESIGNED TO MAINTAIN THE PERSONALIZED ENVIRONMENT OF AUTOMOBILES; THE KARS ARE SELF-POWERED AND OPERATE AUTOMATICALLY. THE GUIDEWAY, A WIDE-FLANGE I-BEAM, IS SUSPENDED BELOW SUPPORTING STANCHIONS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER MEMBERS DESIGNED TO HOLD THE GUIDEWAY BEAM AT AN ELEVATION SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW THE KARS TO TRAVEL BENEATH THE SUPERSTRUCTURES. THE CONTROLS, THAT SEGMENT OF THE SYSTEM WHICH PERFORMS THE AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS, INCORPORATE THE MOST MODERN TECHNICAL INFORMATION. COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES ARE EMPLOYED TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY ANY GIVEN SYSTEM; THE LARGER, MORE COMPLEX SYSTEMS REQUIRE MORE SOPHISTICATION IN CONTROL OPERATION, WHILE THE SMALLER SYSTEMS CAN BE MODIFIED AND TAILORED TO MEET LESS COMPLEX REQUIREMENTS. THE VEHICLE WILL HAVE A CAPACITY FOR TWELVE PASSENGERS (SIX SEATED AND SIX STANDING); NO PROVISION ARE MADE FOR BAGGAGE. STUDIES OF AUTOMATIC ELEVATORS WITH SIMILAR CAPACITIES SHOW AN AVERAGE OF 8 SECONDS UNLOADING TIME AND 10 SECONDS LOADING TIME; PRELIMINARY PLANS FOR SKY- KAR ARE BASED ON TIMES OF 15 SECONDS FOR BOTH LOADING AND UNLOADING. THE MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM WILL BE PROGRAMMED FOR AUTOMATIC ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, LINE SPEED, MERGE SPEED, AND A VERY SLOW SPEED (REFERRED TO AS "CREEP"); THE CREEPING MOVEMENT OF THE KAR IS USED TO POSITION THE VEHICLE ACCURATELY AT THE LOADING GATE, PERMITTING THE KAR TO STOP WITH NO PRONOUNCED BRAKING OR SUDDEN ARREST OF ITS FORWARD MOVEMENT. PROGRAMMED ACCELERATION IS ACCOMPLISHED BY A SET RAMP FUNCTION GENERATOR AND VELOCITY FEEDBACK FROM THE MOTOR; WITH CLOSE CONTROL OVER THE FEEDBACK SYSTEM, JERK IS EXPECTED TO BE MINIMAL AND UNNOTICEABLE. KARS, TO OPERATE IN A LOOP, WILL FUNCTION MUCH LIKE AUTOMATIC ELEVATORS; A CALL FROM A STATION WILL DIVERT THE NEXT PARTIALLY LOADED KAR TO THAT STATION. PASSENGERS WILL HAVE CODED TICKETS TO DESIGNATE DESTINATIONS OR, IF TICKETS ARE NOT USED, BUTTONS INSTALLED IN THE VEHICLES WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY DESTINATIONS. INFORMATION AS TO KAR NUMBERS AND LOCATIONS IS FED TO THE CONTROL CENTRAL STATION; HOWEVER, KARS ARE UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE INDIVIDUAL STATIONS DURING THE TIME THEY ARE IN THAT AREA. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Monorail transportation KW - People movers KW - Sky-car transivator systems KW - Suspended rail systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241978 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR SPOKANE PY - 1970/05 AB - THE SHORT-RANGE PLANS INCLUDE CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO ROUTES AND HEADWAYS, TRANSIT VEHICLES AND GARAGE FACILITIES, LABOR RELATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION. A PROPOSED TRANSIT INFORMATION PROGRAM, WHICH INCLUDES EFFECTIVE USE OF ROUTE AND SYSTEM DIAGRAMS, SCHEDULES, TRANSIT GUIDE MAPS, BUS STOP MARKERS, AND TRANSIT ADVERTISING IS ALSO PROVIDED. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT GOALS ARE CONSIDERED, AND SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY THE TRANSITIONAL ORGANIZATION ARE INCLUDED. THE PURCHASE OF THE CAPITAL ASSETS OF VARIOUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS IS DISCUSSED. OTHER TOPICS INCLUDE CONTRACTS FOR MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION, CONTINUED PROVISION OF SERVICE INTO CERTAIN COUNTY AREAS AND POSSIBLE EXPANSION OF SUCH SERVICE, AND THE FORMATION OF THE LOCAL IMPROVEMENT DISTRICTS TO MAKE DECISIONS IN CASES WHERE COUNTY TRANSIT SERVICE IS REQUESTED. THE LONG-RANGE PLANNING FORECASTS FOR 1980 INDICATE, IF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF SERVICE REAMINS CONSTANT, A LEVEL OF PATRONAGE SOMEWHAT LOWER THAN AT PRESENT; HOWEVER, AN AGGRESSIVE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR TRANSIT SHOULD EXCEED THE FORECASTED LEVEL OF TRANSIT RIDERSHIP. AIR POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION CAUSED BY THE BUS FLEET IS DISCUSSED; IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE USE OF DIESEL ENGINE BUSES CONTRIBUTE LESS CONTAMINATION TO AIR THAN GASOLINE ENGINES. APPENDED MATERIAL CONTAINS AN ABBREVIATED VERSION OF THE STATUTE RELATED TO FORMATION AND POWERS OF THE METROPOLITAN MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AND ITS GOVERNING BODIES. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Garages KW - Headways KW - Labor relations KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Management KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241939 AU - Varo, Inc TI - THE VARO MONOCAB SYSTEM, A BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THIS SYSTEM EMPLOYS A LARGE NUMBER OF SMALL, CLOSELY-SPACED, ELECTRICALLY-POWERED VEHICLES, SUSPENDED FROM A MONORAIL (GUIDEWAY) NETWORK COMPRISING A SERIES OF CLOSED LOOPS (ZONES) INTERCONNECTED BY HIGH-SPEED SECTIONS. THE VEHICLES OPERATE AUTOMATICALLY TO TRANSPORT PASSENGERS AND/OR MATERIAL ALONG THE SHORTEST ROUTE BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION, BYPASSING ALL ZONES AND STATIONS WHICH ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THIS ROUTE. THE MONOCAB OPERATES ON DEMAND: WHEN A USER PUSHES A "CALL" BUTTON, THE CLOSEST EMPTY VEHICLE RESPONDS. WHEN NOT IN USE, THE VEHICLES PARK AT A VACANT GATE WITHIN A STATION. THEREFORE, EXCEPT DURING PEAK TRAFFIC PERIODS, A VEHICLE IS LIKELY TO BE PARKED AT THE STATIONS WHEN THE USER ARRIVES. IF A VEHICLE IS NOT AVAILABLE, THE CALL IS TRANSMITTED TO PRECEDING STATIONS UNTIL AN EMPTY VEHICLE IS FOUND WHICH CAN ANSWER THE CALL. THE MONOCAB GUIDEWAY CAN ASSUME ALMOST ANY CONFIGURATION DESIRED BY THE CUSTOMER. IT CAN BE ROUTED BETWEEN MAXIMUM ACTIVITY CENTERS, WITH ONE OR MORE LOOPS IN EACH CENTER; OR THE ROUTE CAN BE A SIMPLE DUAL GUIDEWAY WITH SMALL TURN-AROUND SECTIONS AT EACH END. THE GUIDEWAY CAN CONTAIN CURVES WITH A RADIUS OF 10 FEET AND SLOPES OF UP TO 10%. PASSENGERS ARE PROVIDED THE COMFORT, VELOCITY, AND RIDE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AUTOMOBILE. IN ADDITION TO COMFORTABLE SEATS, LIGHTING, AND AIR CONDITIONING, THE MONOCAB VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH AIR-CUSHION SPRINGS AND TORQUE--BARS TO LIMIT ACCELERATIONS AND SWAY EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF HIGH WIND GUSTS. THE SYSTEM OPERATES AUTOMATICALLY AT SLOW SPEEDS---AROUND 10-FOOT-RADIUS CURVES IF NECESSARY---, AT VELOCITIES UP TO 34 MPH AROUND LARGER CURVES (385 FOOT RADIUS), AND UP TO 68 MPH ON LONGER-RADIUS CURVES AND STRAIGHT SECTIONS OF THE GUIDEWAY. A CENTRAL COMPUTER INSTALLATION IS NOT REQUIRED TO CONTROL EITHER THE VEHICLES OR THE STATIONS. RATHER, EVERY VEHICLE CONTAINS ITS OWN ELECTRONIC LOGIC WHICH SELECTS ITS PATHS BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION AND CONTROLS VEHICLE ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, VELOCITY, AND TURNS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CODED INSTRUCTIONS (SIGNALS) PERMANENTLY INSTALLED IN THE GUIDEWAY. WHEN A VEHICLE DOES NOT RECEIVE CORRECT INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE GUIDEWAY, OR IF IT DOES RECEIVE THE PROPER SIGNALS FROM ANY LEADING VEHICLE, IT AUTOMATICALLY STOPS. THE VEHICLES USE PHOTOOPTIC DEVICES FOR "READING" INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE GUIDEWAY AND FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE AND VELOCITY OF OTHER VEHICLES. /UMTA/ KW - Activity centers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Guideways KW - Monorail transportation KW - People movers KW - Suspended rail systems KW - Varo monocab system UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241923 AU - Dashaveyor Co TI - DASHAVEYOR TRANSIT AND CARGO SYSTEMS; A BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE DASHAVEYOR TRANSIT SYSTEM, ALTHOUGH DEVELOPED INITIALLY TO SATISFY UNUSAUAL REQUIREMENTS IN THE FIELD OF BULK MATERIALS HANDLING, CAN INCORPORATE MODIFICATIONS TO PERMIT THE TRANSPORTING OF PEOPLE, CONTAINERIZED FREIGHT AND SUPPLIES, OR MAIL IN AN URBAN SITUATION. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF ELECTRICALLY POWERED, AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED SMALL-VEHICLES OPERATING ABOVE A DUAL RAIL GUIDEWAY STRUCTURE. DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS CAN BE SATISFIED BY VARIED COMBINATIONS OF GUIDEWAY DESIGN, PROPULSION UNITS, VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS, AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL FUNCTIONS. FLEXIBILITY IN THE DESIGN OF ALL COMPONENTS PERMITS OPERATION AT OR ABOVE GRADE, AND AT HIGH SPEEDS OVER LEVEL TERRAIN OR MODERATE SPEEDS FOR CLIMBING STEEP GRADES. AUTOMATIC CONTROLS COULD ALSO BE MODIFIED FOR SCHEDULED, ON-CALL, OR MANUAL OPERATION. THE REPORT DESCRIBES DASHAVEYOR SERVICE WITHIN THE HYPOTHETICAL REQUIREMENTS OF NIMBUS, U.S.A. SEPARATE ANALYSES OF THE DASHAVEYOR CONFIGURATION ARE PROVIDED FOR ITS DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS. AS PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION, THE SYSTEM IS DESIGNED PRIMARILY FOR INTRACITY OPERATION, PARTICULARLY AS A FEEDER SYSTEM FOR LARGER-CAPACITY CORRIDOR OPERATIONS. DASHAVEYOR MAY BE AN ESPECIALLY ATTRACTIVE AIRPORT ACCESS MODE. TH PASSENGER APPLICATION IS CENTERED ON PERSONALIZED SERVICE EMPHASIZING HIGH AVERAGE RATHER THAN HIGH MAXIMUM (50 MPH.) SPEED FOR VEHICLES WITH CAPACITIES RANGING FROM 6 TO 48. AS TRANSPORTATION FOR BULK MATERIAL, A PARTICULAR ADVANTAGE IS THAT THE GUIDEWAY IS OPERABLE AT ANY GRADE (INCLUDING VERTICAL). BESIDES THE USE OF DASHAVEYOR SYSTEMS TO TRANSPORT MINED ORE, THE AUTHORS NOTE ITS ABILITY TO MOVE ALL FORMS OF SOLID WASTES FROM INDUSTRIAL AND SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITIES. AS CARGO TRANSPORTATION, THE REPORT EXAMINES INTRAURBAN MOVEMENT OF BAGGAGE, FREIGHT, AND MAIL BY DASHAVEYOR. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND HUMAN FACTORS ARE EVALUATED IN TERMS OF VEHICLES, GUIDEWAYS, STATIONS, AND SECURITY. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VEHICLE PROPULSION, GUIDEWAY SPECIFICATIONS, SYSTEM DESIGN, AUTOMATIC COMPUTER CONTROL, AND A THOROUGH BREAKDOWN OF ESTIMATED COSTS ARE EXAMINED IN DETAIL. APPENDED MATERIAL DOCUMENTS INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS, DC PROPULSION, VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS, POWER REQUIREMENTS, CIRCULATION CAPABILITIES, AND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic control KW - Dashveyor Transit System KW - Feeder services KW - Freight transportation KW - Guideways KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Topography KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241926 AU - Scherer Monobeam Co TI - SCHERER MONOBEAM SUSPENSION CONCEPT OF MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE MONOBEAM WAS DESIGNED IN AN EFFORT TO ELIMINATE THE UNDESIRABLE FEATURES OF CONVENTIONAL MONORAILS SUCH AS UNCOMFORTABLE RIDE, CAR SWAYING, HIGH NOISE PRODUCTION, AERODYNAMIC BUFFETING OF CARS PASSING FIXED STRUCTURES, AND PROBITIVE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE. IT EMPLOYS A SINGLE TRACK STRUCTURE FROM WHICH VEHICLES ARE SUSPENDED ON BOTH SIDES TO PERMIT SIMULATENOUS LINEAR TRAVEL IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. THE UNIQUE FEATURE OF THE CONCEPT IS THE POSITIONING OF THE RAILS IN A VERTICAL RATHER THAN A HORIZONTAL PLANE WHICH RELOCATES THE CENTER OF GRAVITY TO HELP CONTROL OSCILLATION, WEAVING, AND SWAYING OF THE CARS. PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MONOBEAM SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED BOTH AS THEY RELATE TO RAPID TRANSIT AND TO APPLICATION WITHIN A CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE SUSPENSION STRUCTURE, RAILS, CARS, PROPULSION UNIT, SWITCHING CAPABILITY, AND OTHER FEATURES ARE EXAMINED IN DETAIL. TEXTUAL MATERIAL IS SUPPLEMENTED WITH COMPREHENSIVE STATISTICAL DATA AND GRAPHIC DISPLAYS. PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATES ARE INCLUDED FOR BOTH STRUCTURES AND ROLLING STOCK BASED ON ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS. COSTS OF A PROPOSED SCHERER MONOBEAM PROTOTYPE AND 2-MILE DEMONSTRATION FACILITY ARE OUTLINED. APPENDED MATERIAL CONSISTS OF ARTISTS' CONCEPTIONS OF THE SYSTEM, STATIONS, AND VEHICLE INTERIORS. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Monorail transportation KW - Noise KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Scherer monobeam KW - Suspensions KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241928 AU - Transportation Technology Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR A HIGH DENSITY URBAN AREA, A BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE PROPOSED MASS TRANSPORTATION MODE EMPLOYS LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS TO PROVIDE PROPULSION AND AIR CUSHION SUSPENSION FOR SMALL PASSENGER MODULES TRAVELLING OVER A FIXED GUIDEWAY FOR DISTRIBUTION SERVICE WITHIN HIGH-DENSITY URBAN AREAS. THE BASELINE DESCRIPTION IS OUTLINED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A SPECIFIC URBAN CASE STUDY, EMPHASIZING APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH-DENSITY AREAL DISTRIBUTION AND ACCESS BTWEEN THE CENTRAL CITY AND A PERIPHERAL PARKING ZONE. ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF SYSTEM CONCEPT, OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ENGINEERING ARE EXAMINED. THE REPORT IS CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH DEMONSTRATING CONCEPTUAL FEASIBILITY RATHER THAN WITH ADVANCING A SPECIFIC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO FLEXIBILITY OF THE DESIGN FOR APPLICATION IN A VARIETY OF URBAN SITUATIONS WITH DIFFERENT TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS. SIX ASPECTS OF THE OVERALL SYSTEM DESIGN WHICH OFFER THE GREATEST PROMISE FOR THE FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT ARE: (1) LINEAR INDUCTION PROPULSION AND RELATED BRAKING, SWITCHING, AND DOCKING SYSTEMS; (2) POWER PICKOFF AND ENERGY STORAGE; (3) STATION AND GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION; (4) VEHICLE DESIGN AND PASSENGER COMFORT; (5) INFORMATION DISPLAY; AND (6) COMMUNICATION COMMAND AND CONTROL. /UMTA/ KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Computers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Distribution systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Linear induction motors KW - Physical distribution KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad transportation KW - Scheduling KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044188 AU - Hanes, R M AU - Applied Physics Laboratory TI - HUMAN SENSITIVITY TO WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1970/05 AB - The survey indicated that a majority of relevant data came from only a few sources whose results were frequently divergent. That is, no reliable guidelines for passenger comfort were yielded by the data; rather several conflicting results were obtained which did not provide any satisfactory basis for choosing any one of the recommended comfort limits in preference to another. The literature survey revealed two basic data sources: (1) those obtained on "shake tables" in the laboratory; and (2) those obtained in field testing. In both cases, testing considered vertical, horizontal, and sinusoidal vibrations on standing and seated vehicle passengers. The data proved either contradictory or non-correlative, widely divergent testing methods and procedures further impaired reliable correlation of the data. Appended material includes a full bibliography of sources used, relevant details from selected reports, ride indices recommended by various investigators, and selected data and analysis of anatomical and physiological effects of vibration. KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044207 AU - Regional Planning Commission TI - CLEVELAND-HOPKINS AIRPORT ACCESS STUDY: DATA FILE EDITING AND PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS; DATA FILE FORMATS AND CODE DESCRIPTIONS; SELECTED TABULATIONS, AIR PASSENGER STUDY PY - 1970/05 AB - The purpose was to assess a new rail rapid transit extension between the Cleveland central business district and Hopkins Airport with reference to its impact on modal split and ridership. Statistical data on airport access by air passengers, passenger-related visitors, casual visitors, and airport employees were collected in two surveys taken before and after the commencement of transit operations. The "data file editing" report mathematically expands the survey sample data into reliable estimates about the entire population of airport users. Coding process, data editing procedures, survey response rate, and subsequent expansions of the sample are detailed. Some preliminary analysis of the data is provided through comparison of air passenger survey results with rapid transit interviews. The "data file formats" report documents actual programming procedures used to analyze the data. Appended material includes airport maps showing the survey locations and sample questionnaires. The "Selected tabulations" report reproduces actual computer printouts of significant survey data. The tabulations break down to general areas of major interest to the project sponsors: (1) mode of travel by local origin or destination and selected characteristics of the air passenger and his trip; and (2) transit station by residence of air passenger and direction of travel for selected characteristics of the air passenger and his trip. Appended material includes traffic centers and census tracts in the survey area, rapid transit stations, and sample questionnaires. KW - Airport access KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044198 AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - URBAN GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM: MARK 4B AND MARK 3B BASELINE DEFINITIONS PY - 1970/05 AB - The mark 4b urban gvt is best suited to large cities. The smaller system, mark 3b urban gvt, is better suited to the small city that does not require the larger capacity of the mark 4b. The smaller size of the mark 3b configuration also affords significant savings in capital and operating costs. Conventional trains traveling at 200 mph require approximately 10,000 horsepower simply to overcome aerodynamic drag; at higher speeds, the drag increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. To avoid prohibitive power requirements at such speeds, a vehicle must avoid traveling through air at sea level density, nonetheless, the vehicle must be surrounding by normal air pressure when passengers enter and leave. To satisfy these two conditions, gvt trains will travel through evacuated tubes but will emerge from the tubes at each station. As a mark 4b train enters or leaves the tube, its 10,750 square-inch cross section generates an axial pneumatic force of 77 tons,--a force which, utilized to assist gravity acceleration/deceleration by means of pneumatics, can be perceived by the passengers; to maintain comfortable levels for acceleration and deceleration, each mark 4b gvt train will weight no less than 350 tons. The same pumps and valves that evacuate the tubes can furnish propulsive power to the entire system by means of selective control of the 77-ton thrust. Each pump, mounted close to the station, can enjoy the luxury of a fixed location, a conservate design, and unrestrained access for maintenance; the train, in turn, avoids the weight, bulk, safety hazards, and maintenance problems associated with an on-board power plant. A cost estimate is presented for a system consisting of three lines that would traverse Manhattan Island; each line would provide peak passenger capacity of 50,000 per hour per direction for Manhattan's central business district. The total estimated cost of the 92.9-mile, 74-station system is $2.055 billion (about $22 million per mile). KW - Advanced systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Tube systems KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044206 AU - Regional Planning Commission, Cuyahoga County TI - CLEVELAND-HOPKINS AIRPORT ACCESS STUDY: SURVEY PROCEDURES PY - 1970/05 AB - The purpose was to assess a new rail rapid transit extension between the Cleveland central business district and Hopkins Airport with reference to its impact on modal split and ridership. Data was collected by questionnaire before and after the commencement of transit operations. Design methodology, data collection, and control information sample questionnaires are reproduced in their original forms. Areas are outlined for each of four categories of origin and destination surveys (air passengers, passenger-related visitors, casual visitors, and airport employees). Although it was possible to poll air travelers accurately aboard their planes, special procedures were necessary to survey the airport visitors. A ground surveillance survey was designed to estimate airport use by people in these categories through sample counts of persons at selected portals, vehicles at certain locations, parking demand, and other guidelines. Appended material locates survey centers on airport maps and details instructions for project managers and participants. KW - Airport access KW - Central business districts KW - Cleveland Hopkins International Airport KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Data collection KW - Landside capacity KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242109 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TRANSIT IN LINCOLN-1969; ROUTE PROFILE-LINCOLN CITY LINES, INC. PY - 1970/05 IS - 2 AB - THE EIGHT BUS ROUTES OF LINCOLN CITY LINES, INC., WHICH CONNECT THE PRINCIPAL RESIDENTIAL AREAS WITH THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, ARE DEFINED IN THIS REPORT. THE DEFINITION OF THE EIGHT ROUTES OF THE 36-BUS OPERATION ENTAILS A VERBAL MAPPING OF THE AREA SERVED AND THE STREETS TRAVERSED. ALSO INCLUDED ARE SCHEDULES AND HEADWAYS OF EACH ROUTE FOR EACH PERIOD OF EVERY DAY. FURTHER, THE STREET AND TRAFFIC CONDITIONS OF EACH ROUTE ARE DESCRIBED, AND EACH ROUTE FARE STRUCTURE IS DETAILED. THE ROUTE PROFILE PRESENTS 1968-1969 PATRONAGE TRENDS FOR EACH OF THE VARIOUS ROUTES. THE PATRONAGE TREND EXHIBITS THE PASSENGER REVENUE, THE BUS MILES, AND THE REVENUE PER MILE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL ROUTE AS WELL AS FOR THE SYSTEM AS A WHOLE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242117 AU - Massachusetts Department of Public Works TI - INVENTORY OF SERVICE FACILITIES AND HIGHWAY ACCESS FOR MASSACHUSETTS AIRPORTS PY - 1970/05 AB - THE REPORT IS AN INVENTORY OF EXISTING AIRPORTS SERVING MASSACHUSETTS WITH AN APPRAISAL OF REGIONAL AND LOCAL ACCESS HIGHWAY ROAD CONDITIONS AND CAPACITIES. THE INVENTORY OF AIRPORT FACILITIES WAS LIMITED TO 34 SITES WHICH GENERATE AT LEAST 50 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS DAILY. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT WAS TO DOCUMENT BASIC DATA WHICH WILL ASSIST IN THE PLANNING OF FUTURE AIRPORT AND HIGHWAY ACCESS FACILITIES THROUGHOUT THE COMMONWEALTH. FOR EACH OF THE 34 MAJOR AIRPORTS COVERED, ALL RELEVANT INFORMATION IS LISTED, INCLUDING RUNWAYS, TOWER CAPABILITIES, SCHEDULES, SCOPE OF OPERATIONS, AND NUMBER OF BASED AIRCRAFT. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT CONTAINS A PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL APPRAISAL OF REGIONAL HIGHWAY SERVICE (INCLUDING THE AIRPORT ACCESS ROUTES) FOR EACH OF THE 34 CENTERS. SUCH INFORMATION AS HIGHWAY WIDTH, TYPE OF SURFACE, STRUCTURAL CONDITION, AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC, AND MAXIMUM 24-HOUR SERVICE VOLUME IS DETAILED. THE REPORT CONCLUDES WITH A COMPREHENSIVE LISTING OF ALL 77 AIRPORTS IN MASSACHUSETTS (INCLUDING PRIVATE LANDING FACILITIES) AND A STATE MAP. /UMTA/ KW - Access control KW - Access control (Transportation) KW - Aircraft KW - Airport access KW - Airport operations KW - Airport planning KW - Airport runways KW - Airports KW - Classification KW - Data collection KW - Facilities KW - Highway classification KW - Highway planning KW - Highways KW - Inventory KW - Landside capacity KW - Passenger service KW - Surveys KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic volume UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00215573 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Fexix & Scisson Inc TI - A SYSTEMS STUDY OF SOFT GROUND TUNNELING PY - 1970/05 AB - A FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SOFT-GROUND TUNNELING OPERATIONS WAS MADE TO IDENTIFY AND ASSESS THE POTENTIAL TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF NEW TUNNELING SYSTEM CONCEPTS. QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATES WERE MADE OF COSTS AND RATE OF ADVANCE OF DIFFERENT CANDIDATE SYSTEM CONCEPTS RELATIVE TO AN ASSUMED SET OF TUNNELING CONDITIONS. THE MAGNITUDE OF R AND D EFFORT REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE COST REDUCTIONS AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS OVER THE 1970 TO 1985 TIME PERIOD WAS ESTIMATED. THE STUDY CONCLUDES THAT THE MAJOR RESTRAINTS TO REDUCING COSTS AND INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN SOFT GROUND TUNNELING OVER THE 1970 TO 1985 TIME PERIOD WILL RESULT FROM THE LACK OF ANY EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR HANDLING BOULDERY GROUND AND FROM THE LACK OF A METHOD FOR RAPID INSTALLATION OF THE PERMANENT TUNNEL LINER CONTINUOUSLY AND CONCURRENTLY WITH THE ADVANCE OF THE FACE. WITH A 15-YEAR R AND D EFFORT OF $35 TO $70 MILLION, THESE PROBLEMS COULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY OVERCOME AND CURRENT TUNNELING COSTS COULD BE EXPECTED TO DECREASE BY 40-65% AND ADVANCED RATES COULD BE EXPECTED TO INCREASE BY A FACTOR OF FROM 4 TO 8. COST DIFFERENCES AMONG THE MORE PROMISING ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM CONCEPTS WERE FOUND TO BE SMALL RELATIVE TO THE RANGE OF UNCERTAINTY ASSOCIATED WITH THE COST FORECASTS. /AUTHOR/ KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Soft rock KW - Soft soils KW - Technology KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/107974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00219012 AU - Choksi, N S AU - Feldy, E C AU - Iit Research Institute TI - DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY OF A MOBILE OVERPASS ROAD REPAIR VEHICLE, MORV PY - 1970/05 AB - THE PROBLEM OF REPAIRING MULTI-LANE, HIGH-DENSITY EXPRESSWAYS WITHOUT DISRUPTING NORMAL TRAFFIC FLOW IS DISCUSSED. STATISTICAL DOCUMENTATION ILLUSTRATES LOSSES IN VEHICLE-HOURS AND COSTS TO BOTH CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS AND HIGHWAY USERS FROM INTERRUPTIONS IN HIGHWAY CAPACITY DURING REPAIR WORK. THE REPORT ALSO OUTLINES GUIDELINES AND A DESIGN PROFILE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE OVERPASS ROAD REPAIR VEHICLE (MORV) HARDWARE. THE LATTER INCLUDES: APPLICABILITY OF THE DESIGN TO ELEVATED AND CURVED ROADWAYS, VERSATILITY OF THE DESIGN IN REPAVING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADWAY SURFACES, SIMPLICITY OF MOBILITY, ETC. A DESIGN ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATING RESEARCH INFORMATION IS PROPOSED: THE VEHICLE IS MODULAR, DESIGNED AS AN OVERPASS RAMP, TO PERMIT TRAFFIC TO DRIVE OVER A HIGHWAY REPAIR SITE. REPAIR MACHINERY WOULD BE CONTAINED BENEATH ITS ELEVATED RAMP STRUCTURE AND WOULD INCLUDE OFF-ROAD TRAFFIC MONITORING AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT. /UMTA/ KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Highway capacity KW - Overpasses KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Roadbuilding machinery KW - Statistics KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/108653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241925 AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM, BASELINE DEFINITION OF AIRPORT ACCESS AND CORRIDOR SYSTEMS PY - 1970/05 AB - GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEMS DESIGNED AIRPORT ACCESS AND CORRIDOR (DEFINED AS INTERCITY) APPLICATIONS, EMPLOY THE COMBINED FORCES OF GRAVITY AND ATMOSPHERIC AIR PRESSURE FOR PROPULSION OF TRAINS THROUGH EVACUATED UNDERGROUND TUBES. FIVE BASIC FEATURES OF THE GVT SYSTEM ARE IDENTIFIED FOR MODIFICATION IN AIRPORT ACCESS AND CORRIDOR SERVICE. DESIGN SPEED OF THE VEHICLE (WHICH IS LESS THAN 200 MPH IN URBAN APPLICATIONS) WOULD INCREASE TO 300 MPH FOR AIRPORT ACCESS AND 400 MPH FOR THE CORRIDOR SYSTEM. MAXIMUM TUNNEL DEPTH BETWEEN STATIONS WOULD VARY BETWEEN 2,000 AND 3,500 FEET RESPECTIVELY WITH TUNNEL SLOPES NO GREATER THAN 12%. THE LONG-STAGE GVT DESIGN WOULD NECESSITATE THE CONSTRUCTION OF CROSSPORTS BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL TUNNELS TO PERMIT THE CIRCULATION OF "THIN AIR" IN FRONT OF A TRAIN BACK INTO ITS TUBE BEHIND IT. SPECIAL GATE VALVES WOULD HAVE TO BE DEVELOPED TO PREVENT CROSSPORTED AIR FROM DECELERATING TRAINS MOVING IN THE PARALLEL TUBES. SOME ADDITIONAL MODIFICATIONS IN THE BASIC VEHICLE DESIGN WOULD ALSO BE NECESSARY. THE REPORT ANALYZES ALL ASPECTS OF THE GVT SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE TO ITS APPLICATIONS IN AIRPORT ACCESS AND LONG-STAGE CORRIDOR SERVICE. THESE INCLUDE PPROPUSLION; TUNNELS, TUBES AND STATIONS; TRAIN CONFIGURATION; OPERATIONAL FEATURES; AND PERFORMANCE ESTIMATES BASED ON COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A GVT PROTOTYPE. TWO PROPOSED APPLICATIONS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL--ACCESS AT DULLES AIRPORT AND SERVICE IN THE NORTHEAST CORRIDOR. DETAILED PERFORMANCE PROJECTIONS ARE APPENDED. THE REPORT ALSO RECOMMENDS FURTHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS WITH REGARD TO DESIGN OF THE CROSSPORTS AND WHEEL-RAIL SUSPENSION DYNAMICS. /UMTA/ KW - Airport access KW - Corridors KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Landside capacity KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Simulation KW - Speed KW - Traffic speed KW - Transportation corridors KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Tubing KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Dulles International Airport UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228292 AU - Regional Planning Commission, Cuyahoga County TI - CLEVELAND-HOPKINS AIRPORT ACCESS STUDY: DATA FILE EDITING & PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS; DATA FILE FORMATS AND CODE DESCRIPTIONS; SELECTED TABULATIONS, AIR PASSENGER STUDY PY - 1970/05 AB - THE PURPOSE WAS TO ASSESS A NEW RAIL RAPID TRANSIT EXTENSION BETWEEN THE CLEVELAND CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT AND HOPKINS AIRPORT WITH REFERENCE TO ITS IMPACT ON MODAL SPLIT AND RIDERSHIP. STATISTICAL DATA ON AIRPORT ACCESS BY AIR PASSENGERS, PASSENGER-RELATED VISITORS, CASUAL VISITORS, AND AIRPORT EMPLOYEES WERE COLLECTED IN TWO SURVEYS TAKEN BEFORE AND AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS. THE "DATA FILE EDITING" REPORT MATHEMATICALLY EXPANDS THE SURVEY SAMPLE DATA INTO RELIABLE ESTIMATES ABOUT THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF AIRPORT USERS. CODING PROCESS, DATA EDITING PROCEDURES, SURVEY RESPONSE RATE, AND SUBSEQUENT EXPANSIONS OF THE SAMPLE ARE DETAILED. SOME PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DATA IS PROVIDED THROUGH COMPARISONS OF AIR PASSENGER SURVEY RESULTS WITH RAPID TRANSIT INTERVIEWS. THE "DATA FILE FORMATS" REPORT DOCUMENTS ACTUAL PROGRAMMING PROCEDURES USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES AIRPORT MAPS SHOWING THE SURVEY LOCATIONS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRES. THE "SELECTED TABULATIONS" REPORT REPRODUCES ACTUAL COMPUTER PRINTOUTS OF SIGNIFICANT SURVEY DATA. THE TABULATIONS BREAK DOWN TWO GENERAL AREAS OF MAJOR INTEREST TO THE PROJECT SPONSORS: (1) MODE OF TRAVEL BY LOCAL ORIGIN OR DESTINATION AND SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR PASSENGER AND HIS TRIP; AND (2) TRANSIT STATION BY RESIDENCE OF AIR PASSENGER AND DIRECTION OF TRAVEL FOR SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR PASSENGER AND HIS TRIP. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES TRAFFIC CENTERS AND CENSUS TRACTS IN THE SURVEY AREA, RAPID TRANSIT STATIONS, AND SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRES. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Cleveland Hopkins International Airport KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programs KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Landside capacity KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Passengers KW - Personnel KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Statistics KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241966 AU - Roddin, M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - PROJECT IS: IMPROVED SCHEDULING, AN INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REINSTATING OWL SERVICE ON CERTAIN LINES OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY - FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/05 AB - THE STUDY INCLUDES BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND CALCULATION OF DEMAND POTENTIAL THROUGH PASSENGER QUESTIONNAIRES AND INTERVIEWS. SUBSTANTIAL INTEREST IN RESUMPTION OF OWL SERVICE (I. E. SERVICE BETWEEN MIDNIGHT AND 6 A. M.) WAS FOUND AMONG WORKERS WHO COULD NOT OTHERWISE USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION COMMUTING FROM OVERTIME OR NIGHT SHIFT DUTIES. A NETWORK OF SEVEN TRANSIT LINES WAS CALCULATED TO HAVE POTENTIAL FOR PROFITABLE OWL SERVICE. AN EXTENSIVE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS THE BASIS FOR THE ABOVE CONCLUSIONS AND IS PRESENTED IN DETAIL. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Night KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241927 AU - General Electric TI - GENERAL ELECTRIC AERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM, A BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE GENERAL ELECTRIC AERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM (GEATS) UTILIZES A UNIQUE SUSPENSION CONCEPT IN WHICH VEHICLES ARE CONNECTED TO RUBBER-TIRED, ELECTRICALLY POWERED TRUCKS RUNNING WITHIN AN ENCLOSED BEAMWAY STRUCTURE. THE GEATS IS ESSENTIALLY A MODIFICATION OF THE SAFEGE SYSTEM IN FRANCE. THE REPORT DOCUMENTS EXTENSIVE TESTING OF THE SAFEGE CONCEPT WITH REFERENCE TO SAFETY, VEHICLE STABILITY, AND RIDE QUALITY. SEVERAL ADVANTAGES OF THE GEATS DESIGN ARE HIGHLIGHTED: (1) LIMITED LATERAL SWINGING MOVEMENT OF THE COACH BODY; (2) EASE IN NEGOTIATING CURVES; (3) SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED NOISE LEVELS (DUE TO THE BEAMWAY DESIGN), AND (4) IMPROVED VEHICLE PERFORMANCE RELATIVE TO PASSENGER COMFORT, TRACK ADHESION, AND OVERALL MANEUVERING AFFORDED BY THE USE OF PNEUMATIC RUBBER TIRES. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IS EVALUATED WITH REGARD TO STATION, GUIDEWAY STRUCTURES, VEHICLES, AND OVERALL SYSTEM CONTROL. PASSENGER COMFORT CRITERIA ARE DEVELOPED AND COMPARED WITH PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS; EMERGENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE SYSTEM ARE EXAMINED IN TERMS OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS, PROPULSION AND BRAKING, GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION AND SUPPORT STRUCTURES, STATIONS AND FARE COLLECTION, AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL, AND MAINTENANCE AND ADMINISTRATION. POTENTIAL ADAPTATIONS OF THE BASELINE SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED AND SMALL-VEHICLE APPLICATIONS ARE EXAMINED. A GEATS POWERED BY LINEAR INDUCTION MOTORS TO ACHIEVE HIGHER SPEEDS IS SUGGESTED. THE GEATS WOULD BE PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE WHEN ADAPTED TO MOVE SMALL-VEHICLES (LESS THAN 10,000 PASSENGERS/HOUR CAPACITY) OVER SHORT DISTANCES WITHIN A DENSE URBAN AREA. /UMTA/ KW - Aerial tramways KW - Aerial transit system KW - Braking KW - Elevated guideways KW - Guideways KW - Linear induction motors KW - Monorail transportation KW - People movers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Speed KW - Suspended rail systems KW - Suspensions KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241996 AU - Sweek, J E AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - REGIONAL AIRPORT PLANNING: A SYSTEMATIC MODEL-OCCASIONAL PAPER NO 1 PY - 1970/05 AB - THERE ARE TWENTY-TWO LARGE TRANSPORTATION HUBS IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH NEW YORK/NEWARK RANKED FIRST, EACH OF WHICH ENPLANED MORE THAN 1% OF THE PASSENGERS IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE FISCAL YEAR 1966. THESE HUBS INCLUDED 173 AIRPORTS WHICH WERE OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND ACCOUNTED FOR 68% OF ALL DOMESTIC PASSENGERS AND 79% OF ALL DOMESTIC AIR CARGO CARRIED IN UNITED STATES SCHEDULED AIRLINES IN FY 1965. LARGE HUBS FORM THE BASIC NETWORK OF THE NATIONAL AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. THE SYSTEMATIC MODEL MAKES USE OF THE EIGHT STEPS IN THE REGIONAL AIRPORT PLANNING PROCESS TO GROUP ANALYTICAL TASKS THAT ARE SIMILAR IN ANALYSIS AND TIMING. THEY ARE: (1) INVENTORIES, (2) FORECASTS, (3) ANALYSES, (4) ALTERNATIVES, (5) EVALUATIONS, (6) DECISIONS, (7) DEVELOPMENT, AND (8) OPERATIONS. REGIONAL AIRPORT PLANNING, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM PLANNING OF A SINGLE AIRPORT AND PLANNING FOR THE NATION AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, IS FOUND TO BE A RELATIVELY RECENT ACTIVITY IN MOST LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS. A REGIONAL AIRPORT PLANNING PROCESS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO A STUDY/PLANNING PHASE AND AN OPERATION/DEVELOPMENT PHASE, ON THE BASIS OF AGENCY TYPES AND PARTICULAR TYPES OF PARTICIPATION. JOINT AGREEMENTS FOR OPERATIONS THAT INCLUDE DEVELOPMENT CAN BE USED TO ESTABLISH JURISDICTIONS NOT LEGISLATED. /UMTA/ KW - Air transportation KW - Airports KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241938 AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation TI - A WESTINGHOUSE VEHICLE SYSTEM FOR MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS: A BASELINE SYSTEM DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - APPLICATION OF A WESTINGHOUSE TRANSIT SYSTEM TO A REGIONAL AIRPORT IS DESCRIBED. THE SYSTEM CONSISTS OF PASSENGER AND CARGO TRAINS RUNNING ON AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT-OF-WAY CONNECTING THE MANY ELEMENTS OF THE AIRPORT. FOR COMPLETE FLEXIBILITY THE GUIDEWAY NETWORK WILL BE DOUBLED TO PROVIDE TWO-WAY MOVEMENT AND WILL RUN AT-GRADE, AERIALLY, AND IN TUNNELS; GUIDEWAY CROSSOVER AND BRANCHING SWITCHES TIE THE NETWORK TOGETHER. BOTH PASSENGER AND CARGO TRAINS WILL BE FULLY AUTOMATIC AND ELECTRICALLY POWERED, WITH EACH VEHICLE SUPPORTED BY PNEUMATIC, RUBBER-TIRED WHEELS. THE PASSENGER VEHICLES, OPERATING SINGLY OR COUPLED INTO TRAINS, WILL STOP AT EACH STATION ON FIXED ROUTES TO PROVIDE COMFORTABLE, FAST, FREQUENT, AND EFFICIENT SERVICE; DURING OFF-PEAK PERIODS THE SYSTEM MAY BE OPERATED IN AN "ON-CALL" MANNER. EACH 20-FOOT-LONG, AIR-CONDITIONED PASSENGER VEHICLE WILL COMFORTABLY SEAT 16 PASSENGERS WITH ROOM FOR 16 STANDEES; A DOOR FOUR FEET WIDE WILL FACILITATE LOADING AND UNLOADING OF PASSENGERS. A RIDE QUALITY COMPARABLE TO A FINE AUTOMOBILE WILL BE ACHIEVED WITH ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION RATES STATISTICALLY CONTROLLED TO PROVIDE THE SMOOTHEST STARTS AND STOPS AVAILABLE IN AUTOMATED TRANSIT VEHICLES. THE PASSENGER STATIONS SERVING THE DOUBLE GUIDEWAY NETWORK WILL BE OF THE COMPLETELY CLOSED CENTER PLATFORM TYPE, WITH AUTOMATIC ELEVATOR DOORS WHICH WILL OPEN SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH THOSE OF THE TRAIN, PROVIDING ADDED FLEXIBILITY AND A TOTALLY CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT. THE PASSENGER AND CARGO TRAINS WILL BE POWERED BY A LOW VOLTAGE, 48 0 V, SINGLE PHASE, AC CONTACT RAIL SYSTEM. THE CARGO TRAINS, POWERED TRACTORS PULLING UP TO FIVE TRAILERS, WILL OPERATE OVER THE SAME GUIDEWAY AS THE PASSENGER TRAINS. THE CARGO TRAINS WILL HAUL MAIL, FREIGHT, REFUSE, AND INTERLINE TRANSFER BAGGAGE, AND WILL HAVE LINKS PROVIDED TO THE U.S. POST OFFICE, CARGO CITY, AND THE REFUSE DISPOSAL AREA. EACH TRACTOR WILL BE 20 FEET LONG AND WILL BE ABLE TO ACCOMMODATE UP TO EIGHT AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL IF NECESSARY; THE TRAILERS, ALSO 20 FEET LONG, WILL BE ABLE TO CARRY THE STANDARD AIRPLANE CONTAINERS, INCLUDING A FULL SIZE 747 CONTAINER, WITH PROVISIONS FOR MECHANIZED HANDLING AND SECURING. THE CARGO STATIONS, LOCATED ADJACENT TO THE BAGGAGE MAKE-UP AREAS WITH EASY ACCESS TO THE RAMP, WILL BE REACHED BY A SHORT DIVERSION IN THE GUIDEWAY; THE STATIONS WILL BE EQUIPPED WITH MECHANIZED HANDLING SYSTEMS TO INTERFACE WITH THE CARGO TRAILERS. /UMTA/ KW - Airports KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Future concepts KW - Guideways KW - Innovation KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic tire KW - Railroad trains KW - Tires KW - Westinghouse Electric Corporation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241933 AU - Hanes, R M AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - HUMAN SENSITIVITY TO WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A LITERATURE REVIEW PY - 1970/05 AB - THE SURVEY INDICATED THAT A MAJORITY OF RELEVANT DATA CAME FROM ONLY A FEW SOURCES WHOSE RESULTS WERE FREQUENTLY DIVERGENT. THAT IS, NO RELIABLE GUIDELINES FOR PASSENGER COMFORT WERE YIELDED BY THE DATA; RATHER SEVERAL CONFLICTING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED WHICH DID NOT PROVIDE ANY SATISFACTORY BASIS FOR CHOOSING ANY ONE OF THE RECOMMENDED COMFORT LIMITS IN PREFERENCE TO ANOTHER. THE LITERATURE SURVEY REVEALED TWO BASIC DATA SOURCES: (1) THOSE OBTAINED ON "SHAKE TABLES" IN THE LABORATORY; AND (2) THOSE OBTAINED IN FIELD TESTING. IN BOTH CASES, TESTING CONSIDERED VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, AND SINUSOIDAL VIBRATIONS ON STANDING AND SEATED VEHICLE PASSENGERS. THE DATA PROVED EITHER CONTRADICTORY OR NON-CORRELATIVE, WIDELY DIVERGENT TESTING METHODS AND PROCEDURES FURTHER IMPAIRED RELIABLE CORRELATION OF THE DATA. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES A FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOURCES USED, RELEVANT DETAILS FROM SELECTED REPORTS, RIDE INDICES RECOMMENDED BY VARIOUS INVESTIGATORS, AND SELECTED DATA AND ANALYSIS OF ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF VIBRATION. /UMTA/ KW - Human factors KW - Passenger comfort KW - Reviews KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242029 AU - Tri-State Transportation Commission TI - NEW HAVEN RAILROAD COMMUTER SERVICE PY - 1970/05 AB - THE EXISTING FARE STRUCTURE OF THE NEW HAVEN RAILROAD COMMUTER SERVICE, THE RESULTING PATTERN OF TICKET USE, AND THE EFFECT OF THE FARE STRUCTURE ON THE RAILROAD'S NET REVENUE POSITION ARE DESCRIBED. THE PRESENT FARE STRUCTURE OF THE RAILROAD HAS FIVE BASIC TYPES OF TICKETS: ONE-WAY; 30-DAY, ROUND-TRIP; TWO-DAY, ROUND TRIP; 60-DAY, TEN-TRIP; AND MONTHLY, 46-TRIP. THE ONE-WAY TICKET, WHICH FORMS THE BASIS FOR THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE, IS PRICED AT A SYSTEM-WIDE RATE OF ABOUT FIVE CENTS PER MILE. THE 30-DAY, ROUND-TRIP TICKET IS 4.5 CENTS PER MILE. THE TWO-DAY, ROUND-TRIP TICKET IS THE ONE-WAY FARE PLUS A FLAT ADDITIVE OF 55 CENTS. THE TEN-TRIP TICKET IS PEGGED TO THE TWO-DAY, ROUND-TRIP BY ADDING FIVE CENTS MORE PER TRIP. FINALLY, THE MONTHLY COMMUTER TICKET COSTS 1.9 CENTS PER MILE PLUS A FLAT CHARGE OF 32 CENTS PER TRIP. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PASSENGER TRAVEL IN THE NEW HAVEN'S WEST END AREA ARE PRIMARILY COMMUTER ORIENTED TO OR FROM NEW YORK CITY. THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED IN AN AVERAGE TRIP IS 31.3 MILES, AND THE PASSENGER PAYS $1.22 ON THE AVERAGE FOR HIS TRIP. ON A NORMAL WEEKDAY DURING 1964, NEARLY 29,000 PASSENGERS TRAVELLED TO MANHATTAN ON THE RAILROAD. REVENUE PER PASSENGER HAS INCREASED SLIGHTLY DURING THE PAST FEW YEARS AS THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED HAS GRADUALLY INCREASED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Commuters KW - Fares KW - Railroad transportation KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242147 AU - Tube Transit Corporation TI - URBAN GRAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM: MARK 4B AND MARK 3B BASELINE DEFINITIONS PY - 1970/05 AB - THE MARK 4B URBAN GVT IS BEST SUITED TO LARGE CITIES. THE SMALLER SYSTEM, MARK 3B URBAN GVT, IS BETTER SUITED TO THE SMALL CITY THAT DOES NOT REQUIRE THE LARGER CAPACITY OF THE MARK 4B. THE SMALLER SIZE OF THE MARK 3B CONFIGURATION ALSO AFFORDS SIGNIFICANT SAVINGS IN CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS. CONVENTIONAL TRAINS TRAVELING AT 200 MPH REQUIRE APPROXIMATELY 10,000 HORSEPOWER SIMPLY TO OVERCOME AERODYNAMIC DRAG; AT HIGHER SPEEDS, THE DRAG INCREASES IN PROPORTION TO THE SQUARE OF THE VELOCITY. TO AVOID PROHIBITIVE POWER REQUIREMENTS AT SUCH SPEEDS, A VEHICLE MUST AVOID TRAVELING THROUGH AIR AT SEA LEVEL DENSITY; NONETHELESS, THE VEHICLE MUST BE SURROUNDED BY NORMAL AIR PRESSURE WHEN PASSENGERS ENTER AND LEAVE. TO SATISFY THESE TWO CONDITIONS, GVT TRAINS WILL TRAVEL THROUGH EVACUATED TUBES BUT WILL EMERGE FROM THE TUBES AT EACH STATION. AS A MARK 4B TRAIN ENTERS OR LEAVES THE TUBE, ITS 10,750 SQUARE- INCH CROSS SECTION GENERATES AN AXIAL PNEUMATIC FORCE OF 77 TONS, -- A FORCE WHICH, UTILIZED TO ASSIST GRAVITY ACCELERATION/DECELERATION BY MEANS OF PNEUMATICS, CAN BE PERCEIVED BY THE PASSENGERS; TO MAINTAIN COMFORTABLE LEVELS FOR ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION, EACH MARK 4B GVT TRAIN WILL WEIGHT NO LESS THAN 350 TONS. THE SAME PUMPS AND VALVES THAT EVACUATE THE TUBES CAN FURNISH PROPULSIVE POWER TO THE ENTIRE SYSTEM BY MEANS OF SELECTIVE CONTROL OF THE 77-TON THRUST. EACH PUMP, MOUNTED CLOSE TO THE STATION, CAN ENJOY THE LUXURY OF A FIXED LOCATION, A CONSERVATIVE DESIGN, AND UNRESTRAINED ACCESS FOR MAINTENANCE; THE TRAIN, IN TURN, AVOIDS THE WEIGHT, BULK, SAFETY HAZARDS, AND MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH AN ON-BOARD POWER PLANT. A COST ESTIMATE IS PRESENTED FOR A SYSTEM CONSISTING OF THREE LINES THAT WOULD TRAVERSE MANHATTAN ISLAND; EACH LINE WOULD PROVIDE PEAK PASSENGER CAPACITY OF 50,000 PER HOUR PER DIRECTION FOR MANHATTAN'S CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE TOTAL ESTIMATED COST OF THE 92.9-MILE, 74-STATION SYSTEM IS $2.055 BILLION (ABOUT $22 MILLION PER MILE). /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Future concepts KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Innovation KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239529 AU - Parker, E AU - Institute for Defense Analyses TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION: SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL URBAN COALITION SEMINAR IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA - MAY 4-5, 1970 PY - 1970/05 AB - MEETINGS SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL URBAN COALITION IN MAY 1970 FOCUSED PARTICULAR ATTENTION ON CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS OF CATEGORY II (MEDIUM-DENSITY) CITIES (PARTICULARLY CLEVELAND, DETROIT, HOUSTON, KANSAS CITY, LOS ANGELES, MIAMI, MILWAUKEE, MINNEAPOLIS, AND NEW ORLEANS) AND THE ROLE OF FEDERAL PROGRAMS TO MEET THEM. THE TOPICS COVERED IN THIS SUMMARY ARE FEDERAL FUNDING FOR MASS TRANSPORTATION, HIGH-PRIORITY CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS, FEDERAL SELECTION CRITERIA, THE "OPERATION INTERCEPT" PROJECT IN ATLANTA, AND THE NICOLLET MALL PROJECT IN MINNEAPOLIS. CENTER CITY ACCESS WAS A MAJOR COMMON PROBLEM. MOST REPRESENTATIVES FELT THAT CIRCULATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS SHOULD BE PLANNED ALONG WITH DIRECT ACCESS IMPROVEMENTS. NEARLY ALL THE CITIES WERE CONCERNED WITH IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS, ALTHOUGH SOME WERE IN THE PROCESS OF EXPLORING BUS-RAIL ALTERNATIVES. SEVERAL SPECIFIC PROJECTS THAT WERE EMPHASIZED WERE FRINGE- PARKING/BUS TRANSIT, EXCLUSIVE BUS RIGHTS-OF-WAY, BUS SHELTERS, IMPROVED BUS INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PEOPLE MOVERS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, AND PLANNING FUNDS. A NEED WAS FELT FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATIONS AMONG LOCAL AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. SOME REPRESENTATIVES ALSO EXPRESSED CONCERN THAT SHORT-RANGE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND "SHORT GUN" ASSISTANCE TO A LARGE NUMBER OF RECIPIENTS MAY HAMPER LONG-RANGE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MAJOR NEW SYSTEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Central business districts KW - Circulation KW - Cities KW - Conferences KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal aid KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228211 AU - Gutowsky, A R AU - Sacramento State College TI - CROSSTOWN LINE 9 SATURDAY PASSENGER SURVEY--TECHNICAL REPORT NO 2 PY - 1970/05 AB - THE REPORT IS AN EVALUATION AND RIDERSHIP PROFILE OF AN EXPERIMENTAL SATURDAY BUS SERVICE IN THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE CROSSTOWN LINE 9 WAS ITSELF A NEW ROUTE DESIGNED TO INTERSECT WITH THE CITY'S EXISTING RADIAL SERVICE AND TO PROVIDE MASS TRANSIT IN LOW INCOME AREAS AND AT SUCH TRIP GENERATORS AS LOCAL HOSPITALS AND THE COUNTY WELFARE OFFICE. THE SATURDAY SERVICE REPRESENTED AN ABBREVIATED ROUTING AND REDUCED SCHEDULE FOR LINE 9, AND THE PASSENGER SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED SHORTLY BEFORE THE SERVICE WAS ABANDONED DUE TO LOW RIDERSHIP. IN THE EVALUATION OF SATURDAY SERVICE, IT IS NOTED THAT PERSONAL BUSINESS TRIPS WERE GENERALLY MORE IMPORTANT THAN WORK TRIPS. HOWEVER, THE SATURDAY ROUTING WAS NOT TAILORED TO SERVICE DEMANDS IN THAT TRANSFER TIME TO OTHER LINES WAS PROHIBITIVE, AND SEVERAL IMPORTANT TRIP ATTRACTIONS (EG. THE LINE'S MAJOR TRIP GENERATOR, A SHOPPING CENTER) WERE BYPASSED. DATA COLLECTION AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY IS ALSO OUTLINED IN DETAIL AND WRITTEN MATERIAL IS SUPPLEMENTED WITH STATISTICAL DATA, MAPS, AND OTHER GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS ALSO GIVEN TO TRANSFER PATRONS AS OPPOSED TO THE RIDERS WHO COMPLETED THEIR TRIPS ON LINE 9. IN GENERAL, A WHOLLY DIFFERENT PROFILE WAS EVIDENT AMONG PASSENGERS WHO TRANSFERRED, AND REDUCED VOLUME ON THE SATURDAY SERVICE IS ATTRIBUTED TO LONG HEADWAYS. TRANSIT PUBLICITY, AND ESPECIALLY PROMOTION OF THE CROSSTOWN ROUTE, IS EXAMINED IN DETAIL. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Characteristics KW - Hospitals KW - Low income groups KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Route surveying KW - Scheduling KW - Transfers KW - Trip generation KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241581 AU - Roddin, M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - PROJECT IS/IMPROVED SCHEDULING PY - 1970/05 AB - THE POSSIBILITIES OF RE-INSTITUTING OWL SERVICE (BETWEEN MIDNIGHT AND 6 A.M.) ON CERTAIN RAPID TRANSIT AND STREETCAR LINES OPERATED BY THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY WERE INVESTIGATED. THE MAJOR USER GROUPS ARE WORKERS WHO WOULD THEN BE ABLE TO WORK OVERTIME OR ON NIGHT SHIFT, WORKERS WHO ARE NOW ON THE NIGHT SHIFT BUT CANNOT TAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO WORK BECAUSE IT IS NOT AVAILABLE WHEN THEY NEED IT, AND PERSONS WHO WOULD BE ABLE TO ENLOY MORE SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN BOSTON IF THEY COULD TAKE PUBLIC TRANSIT AFTER MIDNIGHT. THE BENEFITS OF THIS SERVICE WOULD ACTUALLY EXTEND BEYOND THE REGULAR USER GROUP, BECAUSE MANY WOULD HAVE A FEELING OF SECURITY IF THEY KNEW THAT SERVICE WAS AVAILABLE TO THEM SHOULD THEY NEED TO TAKE IT. OWL SERVICE COULD ALSO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF BUSINESS IN THIS CITY. THE DEMAND FOR OWL SERVICES WAS DETERMINED BY A SURVEY SAMPLING 1.4% OF THE RAPID TRANSIT RIDERS. OTHER DATA SOURCES WERE USED TO SUPPLEMENT THIS. CALCULATIONS SHOW THAT THE ANTICIPATED DEMAND JUSTIFIES RUNNING A NETWORK CONSISTING OF SEVEN LINES (RED, ORANGE, AND FIVE DIVISIONS OF GREEN) AT A PROFIT. THE MIT COMMITTEE FOR BETTER TRANSIT, THEREFORE, RECOMMENDED THAT THIS NETWORK BE OPERATED FOR A TRIAL PERIOD OF AT LEAST ONE YEAR, STARTING WITH THE QUARTER BEGINNING IN SEPTEMBER, 1970. /UMTA/ KW - Night KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241570 AU - Graham, P A AU - George Washington Transportation Research Institute. Center for Intelligent Systems Research TI - METHODOLOGICAL AND PARAMETRIC FOUNDATIONS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO EXPLORE TECHNIQUES TO HELP URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS IN SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGICALLY DISPARATE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. PARTICULAR ATTENTION WAS FOCUSED ON URBAN PASSENGER TRAVEL, BUT THE TECHNIQUES EVOLVED ARE APPLICABLE IN PRINCIPLE TO ALL FIELDS OF TRANSPORTATION. THE "METHODOLOGICAL" PORTION OF THE PROJECT WAS CONCERNED WITH PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTIFIED PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE MODES. THE VIEWPOINT TAKEN WAS THAT SUCH PROCEDURES SHOULD OPERATE IN AN AUXILIARY ROLE, I. E., THEY SHOULD ENHANCE THE VALUE OF THE PLANNER'S JUDGMENT BY CLARIFYING THE OPTIONS OPEN TO HIM, RATHER THAN LEADING DIRECTLY (WITH PLANNER INPUTS) TO SYSTEM SELECTION. THE METHODOLOGY WHICH RESULTED FROM ADOPTING THIS PHILOSOPHY MAY BE TAILORED NOT ONLY TO HIGHLY COMPLEX AND SOPHISTICATED ANALYSES IN WHICH VAST AMOUNTS OF CONCRETE DATA ARE AVAILABLE, BUT ALSO TO SITUATIONS IN WHICH A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH IS PREFERABLE, OR IN WHICH INFORMATION IS INCOMPLETE OR UNRELIABLE. THE "PARAMETRIC" PORTION OF THE PROJECT SOUGHT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION: WHICH CHARACTERISTICS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN EVALUATING CANDIDATE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES? THIS SUBJECT AREA IS QUITE DISTINCT FROM THAT OF METHODOLOGY, WHICH CONCERNS THE MANNER IN WHICH THESE CHARACTERISTICS ARE TO BE USED ONCE THEY ARE IDENTIFIED. TWO OPPOSITE APPROACHES WERE UTILIZED FOR PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION: (1) A "SYNTHETIC" APPROACH, IN WHICH LITERATURE SURVEY INFORMATION WAS CROSS-CORRELATED AND GROUPED TO BUILD UP A BROAD PICTURE OF THE PARAMETERS OF INTEREST; AND (2) AN "ANALYTIC" APPROACH, IN WHICH THE STARTING POINT WAS A BROAD VIEW OF THE TRANSPORT PROBLEM, AND LOGICAL METHODS WERE APPLIED TO BREAK THIS DOWN INTO SPECIFIC AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION. THE LATTER APPROACH APPEARS TO BE MUCH MORE POWERFUL, SINCE IT PROVIDES A CLEAR FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH THE RELEVANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE OVERALL PROBLEM CAN BE SEEN. HOWEVER, THE FORMER APPROACH REMAINS IMPORTANT, PARTICULARLY, SINCE IT INCLUDES INFORMATION OBTAINED BY EMPIRICAL MEANS. THUS, THE TWO METHODS SHOULD BE USED IN TANDEM TO PROVIDE A MORE COMPLETE PICTURE OF TRANSPORT PARAMETERS OF INTEREST. /UMTA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241567 AU - Aten, B AU - Bulmash, G F AU - Morash, E A AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - WMA TRANSIT COMPANY PY - 1970/05 AB - PROBLEMS OF THE WMA TRANSIT COMPANY, A SMALL, PRIVATELY-OWNED BUS LINE SERVING THE EASTERN HALF OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA, WERE ANALYZED IN THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE, FINANCES, AND THE CONTROLLING REGULATORY COMMISSION. IT WAS FOUND THAT (1) WMA HAS NO MARKETING PROGRAM AND IS NOT ORIENTED TOWARD SELLING ITS SERVICES; (2) WMA HAS MADE NO ATTEMPT TO DESIGN AN OPTIMUM ROUTE STRUCTURE BASED ON EMPIRICAL STUDIES; (3) WMA IS IN SERIOUS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY PRIMARILY BECAUSE OF A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN FIXED COSTS RELATIVE TO REVENUES; AND (4) THE CONTROLLING REGULATORY COMMISSION HAS NOT INDICATED THAT THEY HAVE ESTABLISHED ANY CLEAR OBJECTIVES FOR THEIR POLICIES. THE REPORT ALSO DISCUSSES SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO EACH OF THESE PROBLEMS, DESCRIBES THE WORK THAT HAS BEEN DONE BY CONSULTANTS, ACADEMICIANS, TRANSIT INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS, AND THE GOVERNMENT, AND ATTEMPTS TO RELATE IT TO WMA'S PROBLEMS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Operations KW - Private transportation KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241569 AU - Ehrlich, T F AU - Catholic University TI - SPECIALIZED TRIP GENERATION STUDY OF METROPOLITAN RECREATION PY - 1970/05 AB - FOLLOWING A LITERATURE SEARCH THAT REVEALED SHORT- COMINGS IN THE METHODOLOGY OF SITE SELECTION FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION FACILITIES IN METROPOLITAN AREAS, TRANSPORTATION MODELING TECHNIQUES WERE APPLIED TO FACILITIES IN THE WASHINGTON, D. C. AREA FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASCERTAINING THE FEASIBILITY OF USING SOCIOECONOMIC AND TRIP GENERATION DATA IN CONSTRUCTING A METHODOLOGY FOR SITING. THE RESULTS ARE SAID TO BE APPLICABLE BOTH FOR RECREATIONAL AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. KW - Location KW - Parks KW - Recreation KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241575 AU - Parente, F R AU - Georgetown University TI - D. C. TRANSPORTATION CONTROVERSIES, VALUES AND INTEGRATION OF COMMUNITIES PY - 1970/05 AB - THE QUESTION OF COMMUNITY INTEGRATION IS DEALT WITH IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT CONTROVERSIES RELATING TO THE THREE SISTERS BRIDGE, THE NORTH CENTRAL FREEWAY, AND THE MARYLAND NORTHERN FREEWAY SEGMENTS OF THE D. C. METROPOLITAN AREA HIGHWAY SYSTEM. AN ANALYSIS OF THE VALUES AND BEHAVIOR OR COMMUNITY GROUPS AND A DISCUSSION OF WHAT INTEGRATION MEANS FOR URBAN PLANNING ARE PROMINENTLY MENTIONED. /UMTA/ KW - Community integration KW - Community values KW - Social values KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241402 AU - Brown, S J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - GAVITY-VACUUM TRANSIT SYSTEM (MK 3B AND 4B); TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE BASELINE DEFINITION PY - 1970/05 AB - THE GRAVITY-VACUUM-TRANSIT (GVT) SYSTEM PROPOSED BY TUBE TRANSIT CORPORATION IS A UNIQUE CONCEPT EMPLOYING A COMBINATION OF GRAVITY AND PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TO ACCELERATE AND DECELERATE A TRAIN IN AN EVACUATED TUBE. THE GENERAL CONCLUSION OF THE APL EVALUATION IS THAT ALTHOUGH THE SUBWAY-LIKE URBAN ADAPTATION OF THE ORIGINAL INTERURBAN CONCEPT APPEARS TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE, FURTHER DEVELOPMENT IS REQUIRED ON CONTROL, WHEEL-RAIL INTERACTION, SUSPENSION DYNAMICS, AND RAIL ALIGNMENT. KW - Future concepts KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Innovation KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Railroad trains KW - Rapid transit KW - Tube vehicle systems KW - Tubing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240156 AU - CRAIN, J L AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - EVALUATION PROCEDURES FOR POVERTY TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS - PHASE I: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/04 AB - AN EVALUATION MODEL FOR FEDERALLY-ASSISTED PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT-ORIENTED TRANSPORTATION FOR THE POOR IS DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE TOOL FOR BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF SUCH PROJECTS. THE SERVICE DEVELOPMENT GRANTS (SDG) PROGRAM IS EXAMINED GENERALLY. SEVERAL LIMITATIONS TO THE SDG PROGRAM ARE OUTLINED, PRINCIPALLY TO SUGGEST THAT SPECIFIC FACTORS PERTINENT TO AN INDIVIDUAL PROJECT MAY AFFECT ITS OUTCOME AND MAY NOT BE HIGHLIGHTED IN THE BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS. THESE PROBLEMS INCLUDE: (1) RELATIONSHIP TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC HEALTH (I.E., TRANSPORTATION-EMPLOYMENT PROJECTS YIELD OPTIMUM RESULTS ONLY WHEN NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT AND OTHER STATISTICS FALL WITHIN A GIVEN RANGE); (2) LONG COMMUTE DISTANCES WITHOUT ADEQUATE COMMENSURATE WAGES; (3) MARGINALLY EFFECTIVE LABOR FORCE; (4) RACIAL DISCRIMINATION; (5) THE SHRINKING LOW- SKILL LABOR MARKET; (6) CONVERSION TO AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATION BY WORKERS AS THEY ACCUMULATE SAVINGS; AND (7) LABOR-PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION THAT RESTRICTS THE CONCEPTS THAT SDG PROGRAMS CAN TEST. THE MODEL'S EMPIRICAL EQUATION IN ITS SIMPLEST TERMS PERMITS PROJECT SUPERVISORS TO COMPARE BENEFITS (MEASURED BY RIDERS' INCREASED EARNINGS) WITH COSTS (MEASURED BY NET OPERATING EXPENDITURES). ALTHOUGH INDIRECT BENEFITS (MEASURED BY REDUCED CRIME AND WELFARE COSTS, AND INCREASED LABOR PRODUCTION AND TAX REVENUES) ARE DIFFICULT TO QUANTIFY, THE MODEL DOES PROVIDE FOR AN ESTIMATE OF SUCH VARIABLES WHICH ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF SUCCESS. THE REPORT ALSO INCLUDES A MODEL FOR MEASURING ATTRITION AMONG OVERALL RIDERSHIP WITHIN THE GENERAL BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS. THAT IS, DURING THE PERIOD COVERED BY AN SDG PROGRAM, IT MAY BE AS IMPORTANT TO EXAMINE THOSE RIDERS WHO STOPPED USING SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION AS THOSE WHO WERE BROUGHT IN. OTHER APPENDICES DISCUSS GUIDELINES FOR SDG SURVEY INSTRUMENTS, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR GHETTO AREAS, MINORITY-OWNERSHIP OF POVERTY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, HIGHLIGHTS OF A 1969 SEMINAR ON EMPLOYMENT-RELATED TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS, AND A MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE WAGES REQUIRED TO INDUCE COMMUTATION BETWEEN INNER CITIES AND SUBURBAN JOB OPPORTUNITIES. THE EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR EVALUATING SDG PROJECTS IS ALSO OUTLINED IN DETAIL. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Employment KW - Evaluation KW - Low income groups KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242113 AU - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council TI - MASS TRANSIT CONCEPTS FOR THE TAMPA BAY REGION: INVENTORY, ANALYSIS, OBJECTIVES AND IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1970/04 AB - THE REPORT BEGINS WITH AN INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING TRANSIT SERVICES WHICH INCLUDE FIVE LOCAL BUS COMPANIES, INTERCITY SERVICE, AND AN AIRPORT LIMOUSINE. A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF PATRONAGE AND DEMAND REVEALED A CHARACTERISTIC PROFILE OF DECLINING RIDERSHIP AND SOARING COSTS WHICH CANNOT BE MET THROUGH FAREBOX REVENUES. PASSENGERS WERE GENERALLY "CAPTIVE" RIDERS WHO LACKED ACCESS TO AN AUTOMOBILE (IE. THE POOR, ELDERLY, NON-DRIVER, AND NON-WHITE POPULATION GROUPS). FIVE ALTERNATIVE MASS TRANSIT CONCEPTS WERE EVALUATED FOR POSSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION. THESE INCLUDED RAPID RAIL, RUBBER TIRE-ON-GUIDEWAY VEHICLE, MONORAIL, AND AIR CUSHIONED SYSTEMS. EACH SYSTEM WAS RANKED ACCORDING TO EIGHT OPERATIONAL VARIABLES TO YIELD AN OPTIMAL CONCEPT FOR THE TAMPA BAY AREA. IT WAS CONCLUDED TAHT THE MONORAIL OR RUBBER TIRED SYSTEMS WERE BEST SUITED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT. EACH CONCEPT IS DESCIRBED BRIEFLY. ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE CORPORATION TO CONTROL DEVELOPMENT OF MASS TRANSPORTATION IN THE TAMPA BAY COMMUNITIES, AND PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT FEDERAL AND STATE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS ARE RECOMMENDED. A SHORT-RANGE BUS TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM DESIGNED TO MAKE THE EXISTING SYSTEMS MORE ATTRACTIVE AND TO UPDATE ROLLING STOCK AND RELATED FACILITIES IS PROPOSED. A TOTAL EXPENDITURE OF SOME $7.2 MILLION OVER FIVE YEARS IS PROJECTED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226483 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR URBAN LOCATION/COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS PY - 1970/04 AB - ALTERNATIVE DATA INPUTS TO LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ARE EXAMINED. THESE SYSTEMS COMPRISE THE HARDWARE FOR THE AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF VEHICLES BY DISPATCHERS, TRANSIT OPERATORS, AND OTHER MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN CONTROL OF DISPERSED VEHICLE FLEETS IN THE FIELD. THE PURPOSE OF LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IS TO TRANSMIT DATA TO A CENTRALIZED COMPUTER WHICH PERMITS INSTANTANEOUS MONITORING OF SCHEDULES, EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION, AND EMERGENCIES. DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS WHICH CAN BE PERFORMED BY LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED. SINCE THE FLOW RATE OF INCOMING DATA MAY OUTSTRIP EITHER THE CAPACITY OF THE COMPUTER TO DISPLAY THEM OR THE ABILITY OF MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL TO USE THEM EFFECTIVELY, A THRESHOLD OF USABLE INFORMATION IS DEFINED. THE COMPUTER MAY BE RE-PROGRAMMED TO DISPLAY TIME AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH INCOMING DATA RATHER THAN MERELY DISPLAYING THEM ON A ROUTE CHART OR OTHER PLOTTING BOARD; AND THEREFORE, COMPUTER CAPABILITY BECOMES AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN SYSTEM FEASIBILITY. THREE DIFFERENT MODES OF OPERATION ARE ANALYZED WITH REFERENCE TO THE KINDS OF INFORMATION INPUTS REQUIRED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE MONITORING SYSTEMS: (1) ROUTED VEHICLES (BUSES); (2) SEMI-ROUTED VEHICLES (DEMAND-ACTIVATED RAPID TRANSIT); AND (3) NON-ROUTED VEHICLES (POLICE CARS). ITEMS COMMON TO LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR THESE THREE CATEGORIES ARE IDENTIFIED ALONG WITH REQUIREMENTS UNIQUE TO EACH. A MATRIX IS THEN CONSTRUCTED WHICH ESTIMATES THE NUMBER OF "BITS" OF INFORMATION REQUIRED TO REPORT TYPICAL TYPES OF INFORMATION FROM EACH VEHICLE CATEGORY. A DIRECT MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF "BITS" OF INFORMATION WHICH CAN BE COMMUNICATED PER SECOND AND THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES WHICH CAN BE MONITORED IS PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information processing KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Police vehicles KW - Radio KW - Scheduling KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228279 AU - Trw Incorporated TI - TAMPA BAY MASS TRANSIT: PLANNING FOR TOMORROW PY - 1970/04 AB - A STUDY DESIGNED TO EXAMINE THE POTENTIAL FOR FUTURE TRANSIT SYSTEMS IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION AND TO CONSTRUCT A MASS TRANSIT STUDY PLAN TO EVALUATE, SELECT, AND IMPLEMENT A NEW TAMPA BAY REGION TRANSIT SYSTEM CONCENTRATED ITS ANALYSIS ON EXAMINATION OF FORECASTS OF DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS WHICH AFFECT TRANSIT RIDERSHIP, CALCULATION OF FUTURE PARKING REQUIREMENTS IN THE MORE DENSELY SETTLED AREAS USING RESULTS FROM THE TAMPA BAY REGION MAJOR HIGHWAY STUDY, MATCHING DEVELOPMENT AND TRAFFIC FORECASTS AGAINST CRITERIA FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND MANIPULATING A SIMPLIFIED RAPID TRANSIT MODEL TO DETERMINE THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING A SUCCESSFUL REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM IN THE 1980'S. MAJOR DEFICIENCIES AT PRESENT ARE DIFFUSION OF AUTHORITY AMONG CONSTITUENT JURISDICTIONS, NONCOORDINATION OF SERVICES, AND POPULATION DENSITY DISPARITIES. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT LOCAL BUS SERVICE IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION IS UNLIKELY TO SHOW SUBSTANTIAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE FUTURE WITHOUT FINANCIAL AND PLANNING ASSISTANCE AND/OR IMPORTANT CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS OF THE REGION. HOWEVER, THERE IS A SUBSTANTIAL POTENTIAL TRANSIT RIDERSHIP IN THE REGION. A VERY SMALL PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL TRIPS ARE TRANSIT TRIPS, YET ONE-FIFTH TO ONE-QUARTER OF THE CITIZENS OF THE REGION EITHER HAVE NO OR VERY LIMITED ACCESS TO AN AUTOMOBILE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239447 AU - Tulsa Metropolitan Area Planning Comm TI - METROPOLITAN MASS TRANSIT STUDY: METROPOLITAN TULSA TRANSIT POLICY PY - 1970/04 AB - THIS REPORT DEALS WITH A SET OF "POLICIES" FORMULATED TO GUIDE THE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM SERVING THE TULSA METROPOLITAN AREA. BEFORE CONSIDERING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, A FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH TO CONSIDER TRANSIT SERVICE WAS CONSTRUCTED. A PRELIMINARY STEP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF "TRANSIT POLICY" IN TULSA WAS THE PREPARATION OF A PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF TRANSIT POLICY; THE PURPOSE OF THE STATEMENT WAS PRIMARILY TO INDICATE A RANGE OF POLICY ALTERNATIVES. THIS PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF TULSA TRANSIT POLICY WAS REFINED AT THE TIME THE WORK PROGRAM FOR A STUDY OF TRANSIT NEEDS WAS PREPARED. THE ALTERNATIVES WERE PRESENTED AS AN "INTERIM TRANSIT POLICY": (A) IN THE SHORT- RANGE FUTURE (THREE-FIVE YEARS) TRANSIT OPERATIONS WILL BE GEARED ONLY TO MEETING THE NEEDS OF NECESSITY RIDERS. (B) TULSA WILL SEEK A QUALITY LEVEL OF SERVICE AT WHICH ITS TRANSIT SYSTEM CAN FUNCTION WITH GREATEST ECONOMY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF PROVIDING SATISFACTORY PUBLIC SERVICE. (C) ROUTING, LOADING, FREQUENCY OF SERVICE, FREQUENCY OF TRANSIT STOPS, TRIP SPEED, SAFETY, DEPENDABILITY, RANGE OF SPECIAL SERVICES, FARE STRUCTURE, AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION, VEHICLE "DESIGN" AMENITIES, VEHICLE CLEANNESS, PASSENGER STOP CONVENIENCE, RESPONSIVENESS TO PASSENGER COMMUNICATIONS , & OPERATING COST PER MILE WILL BE USED IN DETERMINING TULSA'S SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT QUALITY. (D) STUDIES WILL BE UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH TULSA'S BEST INTERESTS CAN BE SERVED BY ENLARGING ITS TRANSIT FUNCTIONS. (E) THE LONG RANGE FUTURE (1975-2000) OPERATION OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE TRANSIT SERVICE TO THE EXTENT THAT ALL RESIDENTS OF THE AREA HAVE A REASONABLE CHOICE BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION. THESE GOALS AND CRITERIA OF POLICY ARE EXAMINED IN THE REPORT FROM BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE VIEWPOINTS. /UMTA/ KW - Budgeting KW - City planning KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228233 AU - Tulsa Metropolitan Area Planning Comm TI - METROPOLITAN MASS TRANSIT STUDY: ON-BOARD TRANSIT SURVEY PY - 1970/04 AB - THIS REPORT CONCERNS THE DESIGN, EXECUTION, AND ANALYSIS OF AN ON-BOARD SURVEY OF METROPOLITAN TULSA TRANSIT AUTHORITY (MTTA) PATRONS TO DETERMINE THE EXISTING VOLUME AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION USERS. THE SURVEY SHOWED THAT MOST OF THE MTTA PATRONAGE OCCURS DURING ONLY A FEW HOURS OF ITS DAILY OPERATION. NEARLY 60% OF ALL TRIPS EITHER BEGIN OR END IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE REMAINING 40% ARE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE CITY WITH ONLY A FEW ZONE PAIRS GENERATING APPRECIABLE DEMAND. NEARLY 55% OF THE PEOPLE WHO USE PUBLIC TRANSIT IN TULSA LIVE WITHIN TWO BLOCKS OF A TRANSIT STOP; ONLY FIVE OF SIX PERCENT WALK MORE THAN SIX BLOCKS TO REACH A TRANSIT STOP. APPROXIMATELY 92% OF THE TRIPS MADE DURING PEAK HOURS ARE WORK TRIPS; SIX PERCENT TO A SCHOOL AND ONLY TWO PERCENT ARE FOR OTHER PURPOSES. DURING THE BASE PERIOD OF OPERATION WHEN SERVICE IS AT A MINIMUM, THERE IS A SHIFT IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRIP PURPOSES. WORK TRIPS STILL DOMINATE AND ACCOUNT FOR 70% OF THE TOTAL OFF-PEAK TRIPS; SHOPPING, THE SECOND HIGHEST, ACCOUNTS FOR 15% OF THE TOTAL DEMAND. NEARLY 10% OF ALL RIDERSHIP ON THE TRANSIT SYSTEM IS UNDER THE AGE OF 15; ANOTHER 10% IS OVER THE AGE OF 65. THE LARGEST QUANTITY OF RIDERS (40%) FALLS IN THE 45-64 AGE CATEGORY. FEMALE RIDERS ACCOUNT FOR APPROXIMATELY 70% OF THE TRANSIT PATRONAGE; 25% OF ALL RIDERS ARE FEMALES BETWEEN THE AGES OF 45 AND 64. SURVEY RESULTS INDICATE THAT 60% OF ALL PASSENGERS ARE "CAPTIVE" RIDERS WITH NO OTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION AVAILABLE. THE "CHOICE" RIDERS ARE THE MOST SENSITIVE TO FARE AND SERVICE CHANGES, AND ARE THE RIDERS WHICH ARE MOST LIKELY TO BE LOST IF THE FARE IS INCREASED AND/OR SERVICE IS DECREASED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuting KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239438 AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - REDUCTION OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS OF BUS DRIVERS: VOLUME I, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS PY - 1970/04 AB - THE OVERALL APPROACH WAS TO USE CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS TO DETERMINE THE EXACT NATURE OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS AGAINST BUS DRIVERS, AND THEN TO EVALUATE A SERIES OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN TERMS OF TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY, COST, EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING CRIME, AND ACCEPTABILITY TO TRANSIT MANAGEMENT, TO DRIVERS, AND TO THE RIDING PUBLIC. IN EVALUATING COUNTERMEASURES, THE STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SRI) USED A VARIETY OF SYSTEMS AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. TO HELP DETERMINE CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION, SRI SURVEYED THE MANAGEMENT OF TWO OF THE PARTICIPATING TRANSIT PROPERTIES. COUNTERMEASURES WERE EVALUATED THROUGH COMBINATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTATION, AS WELL AS ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE WITH COMPARABLE SYSTEMS ON AND OFF BUSES. STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY STAFF WERE ORIENTED BOTH TOWARD DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM AND EVALUATION OF COUNTERMEASURES IN TERMS OF PUBLIC AND DRIVER ATTITUDES. TO ACCOMPLISH THESE TASKS, THE PROJECT WAS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAJOR STUDY PHASES. THE OPERATOR'S PHASE FOCUSED ON THE DRIVER HIMSELF; THE COMMUNITY'S PHASE CONCENTRATED ON RIDER ATTITUDES AND THE COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT IN NEIGHBORHOODS WHERE BUS CRIME WAS PREVALENT; THE POLICE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE'S PHASE WAS CONCERNED WITH THE ATTITUDES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE POLICE AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN DEALING WITH BUS CRIME; FINALLY, THE OFFENDER'S PHASE STUDIED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERPETRATORS OF BUS CRIME. A VARIETY OF TECHNIQUES WERE USED AND SUMMARIZED: SURVEYS, REVIEWS OF FILES, AND FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEWS. TRANSIT SYSTEMS CAN TAKE PASSIVE MEASURES TO REDUCE THE CRIME PROBLEM; THESE INCLUDE IMPROVED DRIVER TRAINING AND INTENSIVE COMMUNITY RELATIONS EFFORTS, PARTICULARLY AMONG THE DISADVANTAGED. ALSO COUNTERMEASURES SUCH AS PHYSICAL BARRIERS (SHIELDS BETWEEN DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS) AND CAMERAS (ON LOW TRAFFIC RUNS TO RECORD EACH PASSENGER WHO BOARDS) ARE SUGGESTED. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS ARE: (1) INSTALLATION OF EXACT FARE SYSTEMS, (2) ADOPTION OF PAID RIDER SCHEMES, (3) SIMPLIFICATION OF FARE STRUCTURES, (4) STABILIZATION OF DRIVER ASSIGNEMENT, AND (5) STRICT NONDISCRIMINATION IN HIRING AND PERSONNEL POLICIES. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus drivers KW - Communities KW - Crimes KW - Driver training KW - Fares KW - Mathematical models KW - Public opinion KW - Public relations KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131215 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239440 AU - Stanford Research Institute TI - REDUCTION OF ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS OF BUS DRIVERS-VOL III: TECHNOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL METHODS-FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/04 AB - INITIALLY, THE SUBJECT IS APPROACHED IN THREE ALTERNATIVE AREAS: (1) METHODS TO DETER BUS CRIME; (2) METHODS TO "THWART" CRIMES IN PROGRESS; AND (3) METHODS TO ASSIST APPREHENSION OF CRIMINALS. THE INITIATION OF AN EXACT FARE PLAN IN THE SYSTEM UNDER STUDY ALTERED THE METHODOLOGY SO THAT PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO: (1) A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE EXACT FARE COUNTERMEASURES, AND (2) MEASURES TO SPECIFICALLY REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF ASSAULTS. SEVERAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING CRIME-REDUCTION TECHNIQUES ARE OUTLINED. RESULTS OF QUESTIONNAIRES CIRCULATED AMONG TRANSIT RIDERS AND BUS DRIVERS ARE DETAILED IN THE APPENDICES. PARTICULAR EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO THE QUESTIONNAIRES OF BUS RIDERS AND OPERATORS SINCE THE MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY CRIME-REDUCTION METHOD ARE TO MINIMIZE PASSENGER INCONVENIENCE AND MAXIMIZE DRIVER ACCEPTANCE. THE REPORT CONTAINS ANALYSES OF SPECIFIC CRIME-REDUCTION METHODS. SIX CATEGORIES FO SUCH TECHNIQUES ARE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING: EXACT FARES, ALARM SYSTEMS, AIDS FOR IDENTIFYING AND TRACING SUSPECTS, PHYSICAL PROTECTION FOR DRIVERS, BUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AND SURVEILLANCE OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS. IN EACH CASE THE PROPOSALS WERE EVALUATED ACCORDING TO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMY, PASSENGER INCONVENIENCE, AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE SYSTEMS WILL ACTUALLY REDUCE CRIME. RESULTS OF OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE SYSTEMS ARE INCLUDED WHERE APPLICABLE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Communication systems KW - Crimes KW - Fares KW - Passengers KW - Questionnaires KW - Warning systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239448 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated TI - ANALYSIS OF MILWAUKEE TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1970/04 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO ANALYZE THE MASS TRANSIT SERVICE AVAILABLE TO MILWAUKEE COUNTY. AN INVENTORY WAS TAKEN OF LOCAL TRANSIT SERVICE. IT WAS ANALYZED IN TERMS OF OPERATING COST, PURCHASING PRACTICES, AND DRIVER COSTS. ITS FARE STRUCTURE WAS FOUND TO BE THE LOWEST AMONG THE 6 OTHER CITIES USED FOR COMPARISON. THE AUTHORS ALSO EVALUATED THE TRANSIT SYSTEM IN TERMS OF QUALITY OF SERVICE, AND THE NATURE OF THE RIDERS WHICH IT SERVED. THE RESEARCHERS FOUND THAT THE MILWAUKEE AREA HAS BEEN ENJOYING A HIGH QUALITY OF SERVICE IN COMPARISON WITH SIMILAR CITIES, BUT RISING COSTS AND DECREASING INCOME HAVE BROUGHT THE TRANSIT COMPANY TO THE POINT WHERE REVENUES NO LONGER ARE SUFFICIENT TO MEET CURRENT OPERATING COSTS. IT IS EVIDENT THAT THE OBJECTIVE OF HIGH QUALITY SERVICE AT NO INCREASE IN COST CANNOT BE ACHIEVED THROUGH PRIVATE OWNERSHIP. EITHER THE COMPANY MUST INCREASE FARES AND REDUCE SERVICE, OR SOME FORM OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE MUST BE GIVEN TO THE TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT MILWAUKEE COUNTY: (1) ACQUIRE 40 TO 45 BUSES A YEAR AND LEASE THEM TO THE TRANSIT COMPANY AT A NOMINAL RATE; (2) REIMBURSE THE COMPANY FOR THE COST DIFFERENTIAL OF CARRYING SCHOOL CHILDREN ON REGULAR RUNS; (3) REIMBURSE THE TRANIST COMPANY FOR CARRYING, WITHOUT CHARGE, CERTAIN PUBLIC EMPLOYEES; AND (4) REIMBURSE THE COMPANY FOR THE COST OF MAINTAINING AND GARAGING THE VEHICLES OWNED BY THE PUBLIC IF THE PRECEDING STEPS ARE INSUFFICIENT TO STOP THE VICIOUS CYCLE OF RISING FARES AND SECREASING PATRONAGE. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Maintenance KW - Ownership KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242085 AU - Columbia Park & Recreation Assoc, Inc TI - COLUMBIA TRANSIT PROGRAM - PHASE I: CONCEPT FORMATION PY - 1970/04 AB - THE AIM OF THE COLUMBIA TRANSIT PROGRAM IS TO BUILD PATRONAGE, STUDY RIDERSHIP PATTERNS, EVALUATE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, AND PROVIDE OPERATING PARAMETERS AND OTHER NEEDED INPUTS TO SATISFY THE UPCOMING NEEDS OF THE COLUMBIA PUBLIC. THE CONCEPT FORMULATION PHASE OF THE PROJECT HAS DEMONSTRATED THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF PROVIDING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN COLUMBIA. SPECIFICALLY, THREE CONFIGURATIONS (GUIDEWAY II, ROADWAY IV, AND ROADWAY V) HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED WHICH, TO VARYING DEGREES, MEET THE COLUMBIA MOBILITY OBJECTIVES WITHIN THE PROBABLY AVAILABLE RESOURCES. THE THREE CONFIGURATIONS REPRESENT A WIDE SPECTRUM OF SOPHISTICATION, SERVICE LEVEL, CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, TECHNICAL RISK, AND RIDERSHIP. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guideways KW - Land use KW - New towns KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228210 AU - Barnes, C W AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - SERVICE CHANGES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON REVENUE, RIDERSHIP, AND RIDERS PER MILE - INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT NO 1 PY - 1970/04 AB - THE AIM WAS TO DEFINE THOSE CONTROLLABLE VARIABLES WHICH AFFECT TRANSIT USAGE, TO DELINEATE THEIR EFFECTS ON RIDERSHIP AND REVENUE, AND TO SUGGEST WAYS IN WHICH THESE VARIABLES MIGHT BE MANIPULATED BY TRANSIT MANAGERS AND THEIR STAFFS, TO PROVIDE MORE ADEQUATE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FOR OUR URBAN AREAS. THE REVENUE AND MILEAGE DATA USED IN THIS RESEARCH WERE OBTAINED FROM THE DAILY OPERATING SUMMARY SHEETS PROVIDED BY THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY, FOR THE YEARS 1955 - 1968. FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS STUDY EIGHT CENTRAL CITY BUS LINES OF THE SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY WERE CONSIDERED. IN TERMS OF REVENUE, THE MOST "SUCCESSFUL" LINES OVER THE TWELVE YEAR PERIOD OF THE STUDY WERE LINES 1, 2, 5, AND 6. LINES 2 AND 6 OWE THEIR SUCCESSFUL REVENUE HISTORY TO AN INCREASED NUMBER OF ROUTE EXTENTIONS WHICH OPENED UP NEW MARKETS FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT. ALSO LINES 2 AND 6 EXPERIENCED THE SMALLEST DECLINE IN RIDERSHIP OVER THE TWELVE YEAR PERIOD. LINES 4 AND 7 WERE THE LEAST SUCCESSFUL IN TERMS OF REVENUES AND RIDERSHIP THAN ANY LINE. BOTH LINES HAVE EXPERIENCED SEVERE CUTS IN SERVICE. TWO SEVERE SERVICE REDUCTIONS OCCURRED ON LINE 4, ONE IN 1958 WHICH CHANGED THE BUS PERIOD HEADWAY FROM TWELVE TO SIXTEEN MINUTES; AND ONE IN 1962 WHICH CHANGED IT TO TWENTY MINUTES. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDED THAT FARE INCREASES PRECIPITATED THE MOST DRAMATIC AND NEGATIVE EFFECT ON RIDERSHIP AND RIDERS PER MILE, OF THE THREE SERVICE CHANGES. WHILE IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVICE, SUCH AS SIGNIFICANT ROUTE EXTENSIONS, WORKED AGAINST THE LOSS OF PASSENGERS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118847 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241820 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - THE RAPID TRANSIT PLAN FOR THE METROPOLITAN SEATTLE AREA - TECHNICAL APPENDIX PY - 1970/03/19 AB - THE REPORT IS A DETAILED TECHNICAL APPENDIX TO THE LONG- RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY FOR METROPOLITAN SEATTLE IN 1985. SIXTEEN CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING PROPOSED TRANSIT SYSTEMS ARE ADVANCED WHICH EMPHASIZE CAPACITY, FLEXIBILITY, SPEED, PASSENGER AMENITIES AND RIDE QUALITY, ECONOMY, PERFORMANCE, AND URBAN ECOLOGY. TWENTY-NINE POTENTIAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS WERE THEN EVALUATED. BASED UPON THE RESULTING DATA, THE AUTHORS SYNTHESIZED FOUR POTENTIAL TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES FOR IMPLEMENTATION. THESE INCLUDED: (1) BUSES IN MIXED TRAFFIC; (2) BUSES ON METERED FREEWAYS; (3) GRADE-SEPARATED BUSWAYS; AND (4) A DUAL-MODE BUS AND RAIL SYSTEM. COMPARATIVE ESTIMATES OF REVENUES, OPERATIONAL AND CAPITAL COSTS, TRIP TIMES, AND RIDERSHIP WERE EMPLOYED TO YIELD THE OPTIMAL SYSTEM. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND ADOPTION OF THE FOURTH ALTERNATIVE. THE REPORT CONTAINS A TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR ANALYSIS DESIGNED TO LOCATE DESIRABLE ROUTES FOR TRANSIT OPERATIONS. SPECIFIC DESIGN STANDARDS ARE ALSO ADVANCED FOR THE VEHICLES, STATIONS, AND GUIDEWAYS. ECONOMIC FACTORS ARE EXAMINED AT LENGTH. AN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM IS ALSO DISCUSSED WHICH WILL REQUIRE A REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY SUPPORTED BY PUBLIC FUNDING. A DETAILED COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS INCLUDED. FINALLY THE REPORT DOCUMENTS RESULTS OF URBAN DESIGN STUDIES TO CALCULATE THE EFFECTS OF THE COMMUNITY ON TRANSIT, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT SYSTEMS, AND THE IMPACT OF TRANSIT ON THE METROPOLITAN AREA. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT TRANSIT CONSTRUCTION WILL BE A STIMULUS TO LAND USE DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDED THAT EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL CONTROLS ARE MAINTAINED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Environment KW - Financing KW - Guideways KW - Land use KW - People movers KW - Quality control KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241840 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENTS OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES PY - 1970/03 AB - THE REPORT IS A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INCLUDING BOTH BOOKS AND PERIODICALS) IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORTATION FROM OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY IS ARRANGED GENERALLY BY TOPIC. TOPICAL SECTIONS ARE SUBDIVIDED AMONG EIGHT GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, THEN BY COUNTRY AND CITY. THE REPORT ALSO INCLUDES COMPREHENSIVE SUBJECT AND GEOGRAPHIC INDICES WITH CROSS REFERENCES TO THE TOPICAL CATALOGUE. /UMTA/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Documents KW - Foreign UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241833 AU - Parsons, Brinckerhoff-Tudor-Bechtel TI - ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY/PHASE IIIA: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970/03 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO PROVIDE A TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE TWO ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT SYSTEMS WHICH WERE AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS IN THE ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA RAPID TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY. THE TWO SYSTEMS ARE: ALTERNATIVE A (A SYSTEM OF BUSES USING THE EXISTING AND PROPOSED FUTURE HIGHWAY NETWORK WITH IMPROVEMENTS THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED AT A MODEST COST) AND ALTERNATIVE B (A RAIL-LIKE TRANSIT SYSTEM OPERATING ON GRADE-SEPARATED EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS-OF-WAY). ALTERNATIVE A IS EXPECTED TO INVOLVE AN ESTIMATED IMPLEMENTATION COST OF 75 MILLION DOLLARS AND WILL REQUIRE THE LESSER INVESTMENT IN CAPITAL COSTS, BUT WILL INVOLVE GREATER OPERATING COSTS; OPERATING COSTS FOR AN ALL-BUS SYSTEM ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO INCREASE DUE TO THE HIGH LABOR/PASSENGER RATIO. ALTERNATIVE B IS EXPECTED TO INVOLVE AN ESTIMATED 1.2 BILLION DOLLARS AND WILL REQUIRE THE GREATER INVESTMENT IN CAPITAL COSTS, OPERATING COSTS FOR THE RAIL-LIKE SYSTEM ARE NOT EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO INCREASE AS MUCH AS THE ALL-BUS SYSTEM BECAUSE OF THE LOWER LABOR/PASSENGER RATIO ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED VEHICLES. THE AUTHORS STATE THAT THEY ARE AWAITING A DECISION FROM THE BI-STATE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY AND THE EAST-WEST GATEWAY COORDINATING COUNCIL CONCERNING THE SELECTION OF EITHER ALTERNATIVE A OR ALTERNATIVE B AS THE SYSTEM FOR WHICH THE FINAL STUDY SHOULD BE COMPLETED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242025 AU - URBAN DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION. TI - A STUDY OF INTERNAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS FOR THE POST OAK URBAN CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS PY - 1970/03 AB - THE HORIZONTALLATOR IS A PRIVATE SYSTEM, INSTALLED BY THE CENTER DEVELOPER AND PAID FOR OUT OF INCREMENTAL RENTAL CHARGES FOR SPACE WITHIN THE PROJECT, WHICH THE PUBLIC CAN USE WITHOUT CHARGE. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN MINI-TRANSIT AND PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT (PRT) SYSTEMS IS RELATED TO THE TYPE OF SERVICE. BOTH OPERATE AT PEAK CAPACITY DURING RUSH-HOUR, BUT MINI-TRANSIT PROVIDES PRIMARILY TRUNK LINE ACCESS, WITH CORE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS IN HIGH DENSITY AREAS; PRT INCLUDES BOTH COLLECTION AND DISTRIBUTION. THE MINI-TRANSIT SYSTEM IS ESSENTIALLY A PUBLIC SYSTEM FOR WHICH THE RIDERS PAY DIRECTLY; THE ECONOMICS OF MINI-TRANSIT ARE EXPRESSED IN THE COST PER PASSENGER TRIP OF OPERATING THE SYSTEM. PRT IS ALSO EMINENTLY A PUBLIC SYSTEM AND MUST COMPETE WITH TAXI FARES ON THE BASIS OF COST PER PASSENGER MILE. IN EACH CASE, THE SYSTEM IS COMPETING AGAINST THE CURRENT INVESTMENT IN MOTOR CARS, STREETS, AND HIGHWAYS, AND EITHER'S ADOPTION IS SENSITIVE TO THE FAITH IN MODAL SPLIT MODELS PREDICTING PATRONAGE AND DEMAND. BY CONTRAST, THE HORIZONTALLATOR DOES NOT COMPETE FOR TRANSPORTATION PATRONAGE; THE ECONOMIC OBJECTIVE IS TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF BUSINESS DONE AT THE SPECIFIC LOCATION SO THAT THE ADDED COST OF THE SYSTEM BECOMES A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT OF THE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Minibuses KW - Modal split KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Private transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241899 AU - San Diego County, California TI - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING ORGANIZATION TRANSIT SURVEY: SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA PY - 1970/03 AB - THE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE SAN DIEGO TRANSIT CORPORATION, THE LARGEST BUS SYSTEM IN THE COUNTY, HAS THE DUAL AIM OF PRODUCING AN IMMEDIATE ACTION PLAN AND A TEN- YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN. THE PROGRAM WILL ALSO EMBRACE OTHER COUNTY BUS COMPANIES BUT WILL EXCLUDE THE RAIL SYSTEM BECAUSE OF ITS LOW INTRACOUNTY DATA ON TRANSIT RIDERS WAS OBTAINED THROUGH AN EXTENSIVE SURVEY INVOLVING THE DISTRIBUTION AND COLLECTION OF OVER 50,000 QUESTIONNAIRES ON OPERATING BUSES. THE SURVEY RESULTS INDICATED THAT ABOUT ONE-HALF OF THE RIDERS WERE UNDER 25, AND WERE WOMEN. ABOUT 65% HAVE ANNUAL INCOMES OF UNDER $6,000. TRANSIT RIDERS ARE LESS LIKELY TO OWN AUTOMOBILES THAN THE GENERAL POPULATION, AND ABOUT 80% OF THE RIDERS HAD NO ACCESS TO A CAR. OVER ONE-THIRD OF ALL SAN DIEGO TRIPS ARE GENERATED BY THE DOWNTOWN SAN DIEGO AREA. ABOUT 60% OF ALL GREYHOUND TRIPS BEGIN OR END AT THE PORT OF ENTRY NEAR TIJUANA. FROM 1948 TO 1965 THE NUMBER OF ANNUAL REVENUE PASSENGERS IN SAN DIEGO DECLINED FROM ABOUT 61 MILLION TO LESS THAN 13.5. IN 1966 THIS TREND REVERSED, AND REVENUE PASSENGERS HAVE SINCE INCREASED TO ABOUT 16 MILLION PER YEAR. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Income KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240148 AU - Kalachek, E D AU - Goering, J M AU - Washington University, St Louis TI - TRANSPORTATION AND CENTRAL CITY UNEMPLOYMENT PY - 1970/03 AB - CENTRAL CITY UNEMPLOYMENT PATTERNS ARE EXAMINED ALONG WITH THE UTILITY OF TRANSPORTATION-ORIENTED PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO PROMOTE MOBILITY TO SUBURBAN JOB OPPORTUNITES. THE THEORY THAT LACK OF ADEQUATE TRANSPORTATION DEPRIVES INNER CITY RESIDENTS OF THE MOBILITY NECESSARY TO OBTAIN JOBS IS REFUTED IN SEVERAL WAYS. NEGRO UNEMPLOYMENT PATTERNS INDICATE THAT HIGH RATES OF JOBLESSNESS SEEMED MORE THE RESULT OF FREQUENT JOB TURNOVERS THAN AN INABILITY TO FIND WORK. THIS PROBLEM IS DISCUSSED WITH REFERENCE TO TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS. SEVERAL QUESTIONNAIRES AND OTHER SURVEY INSTRUMENTS WERE DEVELOPED TO EVALUATE FUTURE TRANSPORTATION-EMPLOYMENT PROJECTS. THESE WOULD BE DISSEMINATED AMONG BOTH MANAGEMENT AND POTENTIAL WORKERS TO DETERMINE THE LIKLIHOOD OF JOB OPENINGS, OCCUPATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, AND EMPLOYEE CHARACTERISTICS. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES: (1) LOCATION OF RESIDENCES AND EMPLOYMENT IN 1960: (2) A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT ON EMPLOYMENT: (3) JOB HUNTING PATTERNS OF THE UNEMPLOYED POOR; (4) AN EVALUATION SCHEME FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS; (5) A SURVEY OF SUBURBAN MANUFACTURING PLANTS; (6) "NEGRO GHETTO LABOR MARKET SURVEYS"; (7) RESULTS OF THE TEMPO EXPERIMENT; (8) A SURVEY OF CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE IN THE AREA; (9) JOB TENURE IN A TYPICAL ST. LOUIS FACTORY. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Industries KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Questionnaires KW - Race KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226474 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS - VOLUME II: UTCS/BPS PROGRAMMING SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1970/03 AB - COMPUTER PROGRAM SPECIFICATIONS ARE OUTLINED FOR THE URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (UTCS) AND BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM (BPS) DESCRIBED IN VOLUMES 1 AND 1A. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Information processing KW - Real time control KW - Real time systems KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226475 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS - VOLUME III: UTCS/BPS EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1970/03 AB - EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS ARE DEVELOPED FOR THE URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (UTCS) AND THE BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM (BPS) DESCRIBED IN VOLUMES 1 AND 1A. THE REPORT WAS PREPARED TO SERVE AS A BASIS FOR PRICE QUOTATIONS. SYSTEM COMPONENTS ARE REFERENCED IN WORK STATEMENTS AND RELATED TO SUPPLIER TASKS IN MEETING THE TERMS OF PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS. THE SPECIFICATIONS ARE LISTED SEPARATELY FOR EACH BASIC COMPONENT, BROKEN DOWN AMONG FOUR GENERAL CATEGORIES: (1) SPECIAL PURPOSE EQUIPMENT; (2) UTCS COMPUTER SYSTEM; (3) BPS COMPUTER SYSTEM; AND (4) INSTALLATION. SPECIAL PURPOSE EQUIPMENT AS DEFINED INCLUDES THE LOOP VEHICLE DETECTOR, BUS DETECTOR TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER, UTCS CONTROLLER AND ADAPTER UNIT, BUS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, MAP DISPLAY, AND TRAFFIC CONTROL PANEL. OTHER CATEGORIES ARE BROKEN DOWN AMONG MANUFACTURER-SUPPLIED HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL TRAINING AND SUPPORT. SPECIFICATIONS COVER SUCH ASPECTS AS DESIGN (E.G. PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS, PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY, AND PROTOTYPE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED PRIOR TO CONTRACT BIDDING). /UMTA/ KW - Automatic traffic control systems KW - Digital computers KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Equipment KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226473 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS-VOLUME IA: BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM DESCRIPTION PY - 1970/03 AB - IN CONNECTION WITH THE REAL-TIME TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIBED IN VOLUME 1, A BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM (BPS) IS DESCRIBED THAT EMPLOYS SHORT-RANGE RADIO TRANSMITTERS LINKED TO RECEIVERS AT SELECTED INTERSECTIONS AND TO THE CENTRAL CONTROL COMPUTER FOR THE PURPOSE OF OVERRIDING THE NORMAL INTERSECTION CONTROL PATTERN TO HOLD THE GREEN CYCLE UNTIL PASSAGE OF THE BUS. EQUIPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, COORDINATION OF THE BPS WITH THE REAL-TIME SIGNAL CONTROL SYSTEM, NEAR-FIELD TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES, COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS, AND OTHER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE COMPONENTS ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IS PROPOSED TOGETHER WITH THREE MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS FOR THE EVALUATION. KW - Buses KW - Information processing KW - Real time control KW - Real time systems KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241824 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - THE RAPID TRANSIT PLAN FOR THE METROPOLITAN SEATTLE AREA PY - 1970/02/19 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO SUMMARIZE A NEW COORDINATED BUS-RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PLAN FOR THE SEATTLE METROPOLITAN AREA. COMPARATIVE ANALYSES WERE MADE OF SEVEN ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT VEHICLE CONCEPTS WITH EMPHASIS BEING PLACED ON THEIR POTENTIAL TO BE DEVELOPED INTO A RELIABLE, ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE OPERATING SYSTEM WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME. THE ANALYSES OF THE SYSTEMS INDICATED THAT THE CRUCIAL OPERATING COST AND PATRONAGE ADVANTAGE PROVIDED SUFFICIENT REASONS FOR RECOMMENDING THE COORDINATED BUS-RAIL SYSTEM CONCEPT. THE RAPID TRANSIT CONCEPT INCLUDES THE USE OF BUSES TO PROVIDE FREQUENT SERVICE WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE OF MOST METROPOLITAN AREA RESIDENCES AND TO CONNECT WITH THE RAIL SERVICE, WHICH PENETRATES THE MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS OF THE AREA. MAJOR ELEMENTS ARE IDENTIFIED AND A BREAK DOWN OF COST IS PROVIDED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Guideways KW - Modal split KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242142 AU - MITRE Corporation TI - SITE SELECTION TASKS IN SUPPORT OF A DEMONSTRATION OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT PY - 1970/02/06 AB - THE REPORT DEVELOPS AND TESTS SEVERAL CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION IN A DEMONSTRATION OF DIAL-A-RIDE. SEVERAL SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION ARE DEVELOPED ALONG WITH RELEVANT EQUATIONS FOR QUANTIFYING VARIABLES IN THE SELECTION PROCESS. A THREE-PHASE SCREENING METHODOLOGY IS PRESENTED WITH WHICH TO SYNTHESIZE AN OPTIMAL SITE FOR A DEMONSTTATION OF DIAL-A-RIDE. PHASE I SCREENING IDENTIFIED 105 POTENTIAL CANDIDATES WITH THE DESIRED GROSS POPULATION (70 TO 140 THOUSAND) AND AREA (APPROXIMATELY 35 SQUARE MILES) FROM AVAILABLE CENSUS DATA. THESE WERE BROKEN DOWN THROUGH QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS INTO THREE LISTS BASED UPON THEIR RESPECTIVE MARKET CHARACTERISTICS. THE TOP TEN CANDIDATES FROM EACH LIST WERE SCREENED DURING PHASE II WITH REFERENCE TO NETWORK CONNECTIVITY, ABILITY OF THE ESTIMATED DEMAND POPULATION TO PAY RELATIVELY HIGH FARES, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR IMMEDIATE ACCEPTANCE OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SERVICE. UNDER PHASE III, EACH CITY WILL BE SCRUTINIZED IN GREATER DETAIL TO DETERMINE WHICH OFFERS OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR A DEMONSTRATION OF THE DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM. /UMTA/ KW - Building sites KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Location KW - Paratransit services KW - Qualitative analysis KW - Quantitative analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242141 AU - MITRE Corporation TI - SCREENING METHODOLOGY FOR MAC AND CCT CIRCULATION SYSTEMS PY - 1970/02/04 AB - THE REPORT DEVELOPS A METHODOLOGY FOR SCREENING CANDIDATE CIRCULATION SYSTEMS FOR MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTER (MAC) AND CENTER CITY (CCT) TRANSPORTATION. THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT AS MANY AS 100 SUCH SYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY UNDER DEVELOPMENT, THUS REQUIRING AN EFFECTIVE EVALUATION SCHEMA FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES PRIOR TO IMPLEMENTATION. THREE PARAMETERS ARE EXAMINED WITH REFERENCE TO THE SELECTION OF OPTIMAL CIRCULATION SYSTEMS FOR FUTURE MAC AND CCT DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS. THESE INCLUDE: (1) DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS; (2) POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE; AND (3) GENERAL APPLICABILITY TO MAC AND CCT PROGRAM CRITERIA. THE BODY OF THE REPORT IS DEVOTED TO A BROAD DISCUSSION OF EACH PARAMETER AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SCREENING PROCEDURE. THE SCREENING METHODOLOGY EMPLOYS A SCORING MATRIX ON WHICH EACH SUB-SYSTEM RECEIVED POINTS BASED UPON ITS RELATIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT. THE MAJOR PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONS ARE THEN COM- PARED TO FOUR QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTORS WHICH REPRESENT LEVELS OF SATISFACTION OF PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS. SYSTEMS WOULD ALSO BE SCORED ACCORDING TO THE EXTENT TO WHICH THEY SATISFY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF MAC OR CCT APPLICATIONS. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT A COMPREHENSIVE SCREENING OF SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES WITHIN THE THREE PARAMETERS CITED WILL YIELD OPTIMAL CIRCULATION CANDIDATES FOR SELECTED MAC AND CCT APPLICATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Public transit KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239487 AU - American Academy of Transportation TI - FLINT TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: SPECIAL INTERIM REPORT PY - 1970/02 AB - FOUR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM ARE: (1) DEMONSTRATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE BUS LINES FOR SPECIFICALLY-IDENTIFIED PASSENGER GROUPS; (2) DEMONSTRATION OF THE SPECILIZED MARKETING TECHNIQUES NEEDED TO PROMOTE AND ESTABLISH PERSONALIZED BUS SERVICE; (3) DEMONSTRATION OF SYSTEM ECONOMIES THROUGH INTEGRATION OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE AND GENERAL-PURPOSE OPERATIONS; AND (4) DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN SPECIAL AND GENERAL PURPOSE BUS TRANSPORTATION. THE PROPOSED BUS SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE DEMAND-RESPONSIVE, SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE IN ADDITION TO CONVENTIONALLY ROUTED AND SCHEDULED OPERATIONS. ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT ARE SUMMARIZED WITH REFERENCE TO ORGANIZATION, PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND DESIGN, DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS, ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION, AND FARE COST DETERMINATION. FOUR SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING THE PROJECT ARE DISCUSSED: WORKERS WITH SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS DID NOT RESIDE IN SIMILAR CLASS NEIGHBORHOODS; MAXI-CAB PICK-UPS WERE THEREFORE DISPERSED THROUGHOUT THE AREA. THE HIGH DEGREE OF MOBILITY AMONG LOCAL EMPLOYEES OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY FRUSTRATED REGULAR SCHEDULING OF THE SPECIAL SERVICE. SCHOOL LET-OUT TIMES COINCIDED WITH WORK SHIFT CHANGES THUS CAUSING AN AGGRAVATED AFTERNOON PEAK PERIOD WHICH CREATED UNUSUAL DEMANDS FOR MANPOWER AND EQUIPMENT. DRIVERS UNFAMILIAR WITH REGULAR ROUTES WERE ASSIGNED TO THE SPECIAL SERVICE. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Employment KW - Fares KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Market research KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239520 AU - Indianapolis-Marion County, Indiana TI - UNIFIED PLANNING PROGRAM FOR THE INDIANAPOLIS-MARION COUNTY METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1970/02 AB - THIS REPORT DESCRIBES BOTH A SYSTEM FOR THE ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF A CONTINUING PLANNING PROGRAM AND A SET OF SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES TO BE UNDERTAKEN IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS. FOR THOSE ACTIVITIES THAT WILL REQUIRE MORE THAN TWO YEARS TO CARRY TO COMPLETION DUE TO A VARIETY OF REASONS (FINANCIAL, TECHNICAL, STAFFING, ETC.), BROAD OBJECTIVES ARE DESCRIBED AND INITIAL STEPS FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT WITHIN THE PLANNING PERIOD ARE SET FORTH. THE REPORT ALSO PRESENTS IDEAS FOR ASSISTING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUDGETS FOR PLANNING ACTIVITY, IN THE PREPARATION OF REQUESTS FOR PLANNING FUNDS, AND IN THE ESTIMATION OD BUDGET AND STAFF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE VARIOUS DIVISIONS OF THE PLANNING DEPARTMENT AND IN THE ASSIGNMENT OF PERSONNEL AND WORKLOADS. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE UNIFIED PLANNING PROGRAM HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED WITHIN A CONCEPT OF A TOTAL PLANNING PROGRAM HAVE OR A TOTAL SYSTEM FOR CONTINUING PLANNING. THE TOTAL PROGRAM COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF SUBJECT AREAS (FROM ADMINISTRATION THROUGH THE PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS AND PROGRAMS IN ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT); THE TOTAL PROGRAM ALSO COVERS A RANGE OF ACTIVITIES OR PROCESSES (FROM THE PERCEPTION OF A PROBLEM OR NEED, THROUGH THE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLICIES, PLANS AND PROGRAMS). THE TOTAL PROGRAM INCLUDES CONTINUING, EVALUATING, & CYCLICAL WORK AS WELL AS WORK THAT CAN BE COMPLETED IN A FINITE PLANNING PROJECT. /UMTA/ KW - Budgeting KW - City planning KW - Economics KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240733 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - TECHNICAL STUDY OF TRANSIT SERVICE IN OMAHA-WORK PROGRAM PY - 1970/02 IS - 1 AB - THIS TECHNICAL STUDY OF TRANSIT SERVICES, WHICH COMPLEMENTS THE LARGER OMAHA METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSPORTATION STUDY, HAS A TWOFOLD PURPOSE: (1) TO ANALYTICALLY DETERMINE THE TRANSIT NEED, TOGETHER WITH THE SUITABILITY OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS, FOR THE OMAHA AREA FOR 1985; AND (2) TO DEVELOP A PROGRAM OF SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS FOR CORRECTION OF EXISTING TRANSPORTATION DEFICIENCIES AND FOR FORMATION OF THE BASIS OF ORDERLY MOVEMENT TOWARD THE 1985 TRANSIT GOAL. THIS REPORT IS DESIGNED TO FACILITATE COORDINATION OF THE STUDY (AMONG THE CITY, STATE, LOCAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS, REGIONAL PLANNING GROUPS, AND CONSULTANTS) BY CONVEYING INFORMATION ON THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AND ITS SCHEDULE TO THE STUDY PARTICIPANTS, AND BY MAKING KNOWN THE REQUIREMENTS FOR INPUT DATA AND PARTICIPATION OF OTHER AGENCIES AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THOSE ITEMS TO THE PROJECT AND ITS SCHEDULE. THE STUDY DESIGN AND WORK PROGRAM, DEVELOPED IN THIS REPORT, SETS OUT THE INGREDIENTS OF THE PROJECT, THE SCHEDULE FOR THE WORK, THE REPORTING OBJECTIVES, THE INTERFACES AMONG AGENCIES, AND THE DATA REQUIREMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Governments KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239534 AU - National League of Cities /US AU - Conference of Mayors /US TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION: OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO ITS DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/02 AB - THE MAIN GOAL OF THE WORK WAS TO GAIN A GENUINE UNDERSTANDING OF THE REAL AND POTENTIAL ROADBLOCKS TO TRANSIT SUCCESS AND IMPROVEMENT PECULIAR TO EACH OF THE EIGHT CITIES SELECTED FOR INVESTIGATION. IN DEVELOPING PROFILES ON EACH OF THE EIGHT CITIES, CERTAIN ITEMS WERE UNCOVERED THAT ARE UNIQUE TO A GIVEN CITY; HOWEVER, IN STUDYING THE INFORMATION GATHERED FROM ALL EIGHT CITIES, THE AUTHORS FOUND MANY SALIENT FACTORS EVIDENTLY COMMON TO ALL THE CITIES. IN THE CITIES UNDER INVESTIGATION, MONEY IS THE OVERRIDING NONTECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEM FACING TRANSPORTATION IN GENERAL AND MASS TRANSPORTATION IN PARTICULAR. SECONDLY, A GENERAL LACK OF AWARENESS OF THE POTENTIAL OF MASS TRANSPORTATION IS EVIDENT ON THE PART OF ALMOST ALL PARTIES INVOLVED. THE LOW PRIORITY GIVEN TO MASS TRANSPORTATION IN THE INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF LOCALITIES AND OF PRIVATE FIRMS IS DUE TO THE LACK OF FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR THE VARIOUS MODES OF MASS TRANSIT, THE LACK OF AWARENESS OF MASS TRANSIT POTENTIAL, AND THE STANDARD BELIEF THAT THE AUTOMOBILE WILL PREDOMINATE IN THE FUTURE. ON THE FEDERAL LEVEL, THE ACTION RECOMMENDED IS THE PASSAGE OF LEGISLATION WHICH WOULD MAKE A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN THE FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR TRANSIT AND, AT THE SAME TIME, LEND CERTAINTY TO THE AVAILABILITY OF THE MONEY IN THE FUTURE; A TRANSIT TRUST FUND WOULD HAVE THIS EFFECT. MORE FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION IS NEEDED AND RECOMMENDED ON THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS. FURTHERMORE, ON THE LOCAL BASIS, BEFORE FUNDS FOR ANY TRANSPORTATION PURPOSE WOULD BE ALLOCATED FROM THE FEDERAL TREASURY, LOCAL METROPOLITAN AUTHORITIES WITH TAXING POWERS TO PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THEMSELVES SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED. IN ADDITION, THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND THAT GREATER EMPHASIS BE PLACED ON PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAMS IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A BROAD BASE OF COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE EFFORST AND PROGRAMS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT TOWARD URBAN TRANSPORTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201068 AU - Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations TI - LOCAL FISCAL CAPACITY AND EFFORT IN RELATION TO FEDERAL GRANTS FOR MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/02 AB - THE REPORT EXAMINES FISCAL CAPACITY TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE PUBLIC ROLE IN FINANCING URBAN TRANSPORTATION. SPECIFICALLY, THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT DIFFERENT FISCAL CAPACITIES PROVIDE CITIES WITH DIFFERENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARTICIPATION IN RELEVANT FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS. IN ADDITION, THESE LIMITATIONS AFFECT THE EXTENT TO WHICH MASS TRANSPORTATION CAN BE PROPERLY SUBSIDIZED AS A PUBLIC SERVICE. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH A DETAILED STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FISCAL CAPACITY IN STATES, MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS, AND INDIVIDUAL CITIES. THE ANALYSIS REVEALS WIDE NATIONAL DISPARITIES FOR ALL VARIABLES. THE IMMEDIATE IMPLICATION OF THIS STUDY SUGGESTS THAT FEDERAL GUIDELINES FOR ALLOCATING TRANSPORTATION-ORIENTED GRANTS-IN-AID SHOULD BE READJUSTED TO REFLECT FISCAL CAPACITY IN THE RECIPIENT JURISDICTIONS. TO THIS EXTENT, A SLIDING-SCALE FORMULA OF MATCHING GRANT REQUIREMENTS WOULD BE FASHIONED UNDER WHICH GRANTEES WITH RELATIVELY LOWER FISCAL CAPACITIES WOULD RECEIVE PROPORTIONATELY MORE FEDERAL AID. THE AUTHORS DO NOT, HOWEVER, RECOMMEND SPECIFIC CHANGES IN THE EXISTING LAW. THE APPROPRIATE ROLE OF DIFFERENT GOVERNMENTAL UNITS IN FINANCING URBAN TRANSIT IS EXPLORED AT LENGTH. THE REPORT INVESTIGATES THE CASE FOR AREAWIDE (IE. METROPOLITAN) FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT REGIONAL DIFFERENCES MAKE DIFFERENT LOCAL JURISDICTIONS THE APPROPRIATE ACTORS IN FINANCING SPECIFIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS. THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST STATE FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL. THE AUTHORS RECOMMEND AN EXPANDED STATE ROLE IN URBBAN TRANSPORTATION ASSISTANCE. THEY ALSO EXAMINE THE PROPER FEDERAL ROLE IN THIS AREA, AND CONCLUDE THAT THEIR ANALYSIS MAY WARRANT THE INSTITUTION OF DIRECT OPERATING SUBSIDIES IN ADDITION TO CURRENT PROGRAMMING. SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE POLICY OPTIONS ARE DISCUSSED. /UMTA/ KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Operating costs KW - States KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242146 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel TI - A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE URBAN GRAVITY- VACUUM-TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1970/02 AB - THE PROGRAM IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE GRAVITY-VACUUM-TRANSIT (GVTS) IN FOUR CRITICAL AREAS: CONTROL SYSTEM AND VALVE DEVELOPMENT, WHEEL- RAIL INTERACTION, SUSPENSION DYNAMICS, AND RAIL ALIGNMENT. THE PROGRAM CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES WHICH ARE OUTLINED IN DETAIL. THE TENTATIVE BUDGETARY ESTIMATE INCLUDES THE MAJOR PORTION OF THE PROGRAM DESCRIBED AS PHASE II IN THE REPORT. THE R & D PROGRAM IS LIMITED TO TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE SYSTEM; NO ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO FORMULATE A PROGRAM FOR DETERMINING ITEMS SUCH AS CAPITAL INVESTMENT COSTS AND OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS. ANALYSES AND TESTING OF THE UNIQUE SUSPENSION SYSTEM ARE RECOMMENDED, INCLUDING DEVELOPMENT TESTS ON COMPONENTS OF THE SUSPENSION SYSTEM AS WELL AS ANALYSES OF THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH THE MARK 4B GVT SYSTEM AND THE FOUR-CAR PROTOTYPE SYSTEM, AND POTENTIAL DYNAMIC INTERACTION PROBLEMS DUE TO EARTHQUAKE DISTURBANCES. /UMTA/ KW - Design KW - Gravity vacuum transit KW - Information processing KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Railroad tracks KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Suspension (Stability) KW - Suspension systems KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240142 AU - Human Development Corp TI - TEMPO: THE ST. LOUIS MASS TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT - FINAL REPORT PY - 1970/02 AB - THE PROJECT HAD FOUR GENERAL PURPOSES: (1) TO DETERMINE THE NEED FOR AND THE ACCEPTANCE OF DIRECT TRANSIT SERVICE TO OUTLYING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES OR OTHER AREAS OF EMPLOYMENT FROM CITY RESIDENTIAL AREAS; (2) TO DETERMINE WHETHER MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN LOW-INCOME RESIDENTIAL AREAS REQUIRE MODIFICATION AND, IF SO, TO WHAT EXTENT MODIFICATION IS REQUIRED; (3) TO TEST SPECIALIZED TRANSIT PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES IN LOW-INCOME AREAS; AND (4) TO DETERMINE TO WHAT EXTENT SOCIOLOGICAL CHANGES, IN TERMS OF LESSENING ISOLATION OF INNER-CITY RESIDENTS, OCCUR AS A RESULT OF TRANSPORTATION CHANGES. IN ORDER TO REALIZE THE ABOVE OBJECTIVES, A LOCAL TRANSIT EXPERIMENT WAS DESIGNED WITH MAJOR EMPHASIS ON PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE LINK BETWEEN CITY WORKERS AND SUBURBAN JOB OPPORTUNITIES. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT A TRANSIT SERVICE LINKING UNEMPLOYED CITY WORKERS WITH JOBS IN SUBURBAN EMPLOYMENT COMPLEXES WOULD PROVIDE THE MOST PROMISING BASE FOR EVENTUALLY BREAKING DOWN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC BARRIERS ISOLATING INNER-CITY RESIDENTS FROM THE REST OF ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN SOCIETY. THE EXPERIMENTAL TRANSIT SERVICE DID NOT PROVE FINANCIALLY VIABLE. THE BUS SERVICES WERE HELPING THE TYPE OF INNER-CITY RESIDENT IT WAS DESIGNED TO ASSIST, BUT IT PROVIDED THESE SERVICES TO TOO FEW RIDERS TO JUSTIFY THE COSTS OF OPERATING THE LINES. THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ASSISTED BY THE LINES WAS A SMALL PROPORTION OF THE TARGET AREA POPULATION AND WELL BELOW THE CAPACITY OF THE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE OFFERED. THEREFORE, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ANY FURTHER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN THE ST LOUIS AREA BE PLANNED ALONG LESS AMBITIOUS LINES TO SERVE SMALLER TARGET POPULATIONS IN A MORE CONCENTRATED GEOGRAPHIC AREA. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employment KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Public transit KW - Social factors KW - Suburbs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044187 AU - Gebhard, J W AU - Applied Physics Laboratory TI - ACCELERATION AND COMFORT IN PUBLIC GROUND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/02 AB - Conventional transportation systems such as subway trains and buses are now designed to accelerate at about 4 ft/sec/sec (3 mph/sec). Electrically powered rapid transit cars of the last 10 years have an initial-acceleration range of 2.5 to 3.2 mph/sec (0.11 to 0.14 g). This performance will accelerate a vehicle to a speed of 30 mph in 10 seconds. Crucial to the longitudinal acceleration level that can be accepted by passengers is the preparedness of the passenger at the onset of motion. When the traveler is seated and expectant, the smooth takeoff of a jet airliner is not at all uncomfortable, although at 0.5 g some difficulty would be found in leaving the seat. Nevertheless, when the trains in the Paris metro system were fitted with rubbertired wheels and acceleration was increased, complaints forced a return to the previous standard of about 3.3 mph/sec that had been used with steel wheels. Sudden jerks on starting or stopping are especially objectionable, since they can cause an unwary standee to lose his balance. Longitudinal accelerations and decelerations judged comfortable and acceptable on the basis of rider ratings were in the range of 0.11 to 0.15 g, and lateral accelerations were in the range of 0.06 to 0.22 g. However, existing data are inadequate for specifying acceleration limits for future systems. Since the acceleration values found are about 0.10 g lower than those that are accepted by automobile users, it may be worthwhile to investigate methods for making higher accelerations acceptable to mass transportation passengers. KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10990 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00080104 JO - AREA BULLETIN PB - American Railway Engineering Association AU - Farris, J B AU - American Railway Engineering Association TI - DRILL-LIME TREATMENT OF SHALLOW RAILWAY SUBGRADE FAILURES IN EXPANSIVE CLAYS PY - 1970/02 IS - 626 SP - p. 574-579 AB - This report deals with a method of stabilizing roadbed by applying hydrated lime to holes drilled in the subgrade which Southern Railway has been utilizing. With some 80 locations treated, the results after a few months were encouraging. While it is too soon to evaluate permanent results, it appears that the drill-lime application may offer relief to areas having the following combination of features: 1) Expansive clays responding to lime treatment; 2) Track areas having shallow ballast sections; and 3) Shallow subgrade failures. KW - Calcium oxide KW - Maintenance of way KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil stabilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/25158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242111 AU - Burk and Associates AU - Fromherz Engineers TI - ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY OF A RAPID TRASIT TYPE OF SERVICE BETWEEN THE NEW ORLEANS UNION PASSENGER TERMINAL AND THE NEW ORLEANS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, SUPPLEMENT PY - 1970/02 AB - THIS SUPPLEMENT BECOME NECESSARY DUE TO THE FACT THAT FULL INFORMATION RELATING TO RAILROAD TRAIN MOVEMENTS, PARTICULARLY IN THE EAST BRIDGE JUNCTION AREA, HAD NOT BEEN PRESENTED TO THE AUTHORS DURING THE STUDY PERIOD. THE THEN AVAILABLE, HOWEVER INCOMPLETE, DATA ON TRAIN MOVEMNTS INDICATED THAT THE INTERFACING OF RAILROAD AND RAPID TRANSIT TRAIN MOVEMENTS COULD BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHOUT THE IMPOSITION OF COSTLY STRUCTURAL OVERPASSES IN THE AREAS OF GREATEST ACTIVITY. THE ANALYSIS OF THE ADDITIONAL DATA INDICATES THAT VIABLE RAPID TRANSIT OPERATIONS WITH 20 OR 15 MINUTE HEADWAYS CAN BE PROVIDED BY A TWO TRACK OVERPASS AT EAST BRIDGE JUNCTION AND BY THE DOUBLE TRACKING OF CERTAIN SINGLE TRACK SECTIONS. THE MODES OF RAPID TRANSIT OPERATION DISCUSSED IN THE ORIGINAL REPORT ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF TWO MODES BY MEANS OF WHICH A SYSTEM OF RAPID TRANSIT COULD BE OPERATED OVER EXISTING RAILROAD TRACKAGE, BETWEEN A DOWNTOWN AREA AND AN OUT-LYING PUBLIC AIRPORT. THE TWO MODES DISCUSSED WERE NOT PRESENTED AS A FINAL SOLUTION, OR EVEN AS THE MOST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION. THEIR PURPOSE WAS TO PROVIDE, WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME, FOR A MINIMAL EXPENDITURE, A MEANS TO ALLEVIATE THE EXPANDING DELAYS TO AND FROM THE AIRPORT CAUSED BY GROWING HIGHWAY CONGESTION. THE AUTHORS STRONGLY RECOMMEND THAT NEW, MODERN CONCEPTS OF HIGH-SPEED RAPID TRANSIT AVAILABLE TODAY BE STUDIED AND GIVEN CONSIDERATION FOR A DEMONSTRATION GRANT. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Airport access KW - Costs KW - Headways KW - Landside capacity KW - Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport KW - Noise control KW - Overpasses KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240158 AU - HUGHES, P AU - National Urban Coalition TI - UTILIZING THE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FEDERAL MANPOWER PROGRAMS PY - 1970/02 AB - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS HAVE USUALLY BEEN DESIGNED TO COLLECT PEOPLE FROM SUBURBAN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND TO DELIVER THEM TO WORK LOCATIONS IN THE CENTRAL CITY. A "REVERSE COMMUTE" PROBLEM IS CREATED WHEREBY THE CENTRAL CITY RESIDENT NOT ONLY FINDS THE PICKUP POINTS INCONVENIENTLY PLACED, BUT ONCE HE GETS TO THE SUBURBS FINDS THAT HE IS STILL A CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE FROM HIS SUBURBAN JOB LOCATION. SOME OF THE DIFFICULTY ARISES FROM THE LACK OF ADEQUATE INFORMATION ON TRANSIT SERVICE. FIXED-SCHEDULE, FIXED-ROUTE TRANSIT SYSTEMS DO NOT APPEAR CAPABLE OF EFFECTIVELY SERVING MANPOWER PROGRAMS FOR THE DISADVANTAGED. A DEMAND- ACTIVATED TRANSIT SYSTEM EMPLOYING VEHICLES VARYING IN CAPACITY AND OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS APPERARS CAPABLE OF MEETING SUCH TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS. DUE TO THE COMPLEX PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EVER-CHANGING ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS OF SUCH A SYSTEM AND THE PRESENCE OF A LIMITED AMOUNT OF PERSONNEL AND VEHICLES AVAILABLE TO SATISFY THESE TRAVEL DEMANDS, THE USE OF SOPHISTICATED CONTROL, MONITORING, AND FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT MAY ULTIMATELY BE REQUIRED. TO COMPLEMENT SUCH TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS, THE APPLICATION OF "SOFT-WARE" ACTIVITIES MUST ALSO TAKE PLACE. THE ANALYSES WILL SEEK TO DETERMINE: (1) THE APPLICABILITY OF MASS TRANSPORTATION TO THE FURTHERANCE OF THE FEDERAL MANPOWER PROGRAM OBJECTIVES; (2) THE ABILITY OF EXISTING MANPOWER PROGRAM DELIVERY SYSTEMS TO ACCEPT MASS TRANSPORTATION INPUTS; (3) THE WAYS THE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM (CCTP) MIGHT SUPPLY SUCH INPUTS; AND (4) HOW MANPOWER PROGRAMS CAN ASSIST THE CCTP. /UMTA/ KW - Commuters KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Deployment KW - Federal government KW - Paratransit services KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242140 AU - MITRE Corporation TI - PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR LOW EMISSION URBAN VEHICLES PY - 1970/01/23 AB - THE REPORT IS THE FIRST IN A TWO-VOLUME STUDY OF LOW EMISSION URBAN VEHICLE PROPULSION SYSTEMS DESIGNED TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION. THE REPORT CONTAINS AN OVERVIEW OF STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY AND GENERAL CONCLUSIONS; SPECIFIC ANALYSIS OF COMPONENT STUDIES IS CONTAINED IN THE SECOND VOLUME. THE STUDY EMPHASIZED LOW AND NEGLIGIBLE EMISSION CONCEPTS FOR APPLICATION ON URBAN BUS VEHICLES. THE REPORT BRIEFLY EXAMINES EXHAUST EMISSIONS WITH REFERENCE TO CONSTITUENT POLLUTANTS AND RELATIVE LEVELS AMONG SEVERAL PROPULSION SYSTEMS. AN OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT NOTES SELECTED LOW-EMISSION CONCEPTS WHICH HAVE ACHIEVED VARYING STAGES OF READINESS. THESE INCLUDE BOTH PROTOTYPE VEHICLE SYSTEMS AND PROPULSION UNITS AROUND WHICH PROTOTYPE VEHICLES CAN BE BUILT. SIXTEEN SPECIFIC SYSTEMS ARE DISCUSSED BRIEFLY WITH REFERENCE TO TYPE, DESIGN, HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS, PASSENGER CAPACITY, AND FUEL. BASED UPON THIS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, THE AUTHORS SYNTHESIZE GENERAL LOW-EMISSION CONCEPTS WHICH SHOW PARTICULAR PROMISE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMING. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE THAT THE INDUSTRY IS GENERALLY CHARACTERIZED BY FRAGMENTED AND ILL DEFINED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR LOW-EMISSION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. EXISTING CONCEPTS TEND TO EMPHASIZE DIFFERENT FEATURES, AND NO SYSTEM WAS DEMONSTRATED TO EMBRACE THE DESIRED ATTRIBUTES OF A COMPREHENSIVE ANTI-POLLUTION PROPELLANT. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Emissivity KW - Fuels KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132164 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200555 AU - Dierks, P A AU - Cleveland, S T AU - Sacramento Transit Authority TI - SACRAMENTO TRANSIT AUTHORITY COST ALLOCATION GUIDELINES PY - 1970/01/14 AB - A MANAGEMENT TYPE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IS PROPOSED FOR THE STA, WHICH WOULD AFFORD MORE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINATION OF THE CURRENT LEVEL OF CAPACITY. ROUTE OPERATING COSTS ARE DETERMINED BY USING A VARIABLE COSTING OR DIRECT COSTING APPROACH. IN THIS METHOD, THOSE COSTS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE OPERATION OF ROUTE MUST BE COVERED BY THE REVENUE GENERATED ON THE ROUTE. THE EXCESS REVENUES OVER DIRECT COSTS IS CALLED CONTRIBUTION, AND IT IS USED TO COVER THE INDIRECT OPERATING COSTS AND THE JOINT COSTS WHICH ARE NOT ALLOCATED. INTERIM MONTHLY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE CITY OF SACRAMENTO AND THE MONTHLY OPERATING SUMMARIES PROVIDED THE STATISTICAL DATA ON REVENUE, MILES, PLATFORM HOURS, AND REVENUE PASSENGERS, USED IN A COMPUTERIZED CORRELATION STUDY. THIS CORRELATION STUDY STRONGLY INDICATED THAT A MIXED ALLOCATION PROCEDURE IS SUPERIOR TO ALLOCATING SOLELY BY ROUTES MILES, OR SOLELY BY PLATFORM HOURS. ON THE BASIS OF THE NEW PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ALLOCATION SYSTEM, IT IS CONCLUDED THAT: (1) VARIABLE COSTS ARE MATCHED BY REVENUES ON ALL LINES EXCEPT THE CROSSTOWN LINE AND ARE GENERATING ENOUGH REVENUE TO, COVER OR NEARLY COVER, THEIR VARIABLE COSTS; (2) LOSSES IN 1968-69 WERE LARGELY DUE TO AN INCREASE IN FIXED COSTS, AND THESE FIXED COSTS SHOULD BE CAREFULLY INVESTIGATED RATHER THAN THE VARIABLE COSTS; AND (3) THE COSTS STRUCTURE IS SWINGING TOWARD A LOGICAL CHOICE BETWEEN ROUTE EXTENSIONS AND INCREASED HOURLY SERVICE. /UMTA/ KW - Cost allocation KW - Direct costs KW - Fixed costs KW - Guidelines KW - Operating costs KW - Revenues KW - Routes KW - Statistics KW - Variable costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242145 AU - Casasco, J A AU - Catholic University of America TI - CRITICAL REVIEW OF SELECTED PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE WORKSHOP ON TRANSPORTATION FOR NEW TOWNS AND COMMUNITIES PY - 1970/01/12 AB - THREE OF THE PAPERS PRESENTED AT A TWO-DAY WORKSHOP ON "COMPATIBLE AUTOMATION OF NEW TOWN TRANSPORTATION: HOW LAND-VALUE IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION ARTERIES AFFECT NEW-CITY DEVELOPMENT" ARE REVIEWED. THEY ARE "AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ON OTHER SYSTEMS OF THE CITY: TRADE-OFFS INVOLVING CITY SIZE. DENSITY AND BUILDING TYPE"; "NEW TOWNS, URBAN GROWTH STRATEGIES AND TRANSPORTATION: WHAT SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL AGE?"; AND "NEW TOWNS, OVERSPILL, AND METROPOLITAN DECENTRALIZATION: SOM LESSONS FROM GLASGOW" /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Demographics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Housings KW - Land use KW - New towns KW - Pedestrians KW - Social values UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228284 AU - Tucson Area Transp Plnng Agency TI - AREAWIDE MASS TRANSIT STUDY-PLANNING SERIES REPORT #5: PLAN DEVELOPMENT; SUPPLEMENT A; FIELD SURVEYS PY - 1970/01 AB - DETAILED DATA ARE PRESENTED FOR THE FOLLOWING THREE SEPARATE SURVEYS: (A) ON-BUS SURVEYS; (B) AN AREAWIDE SAMPLE SURVEY; AND (C) A MODEL CITIES SAMPLE SURVEY. THE BULK OF THIS REPORT IS COMPRISED OF TABLES AND FIGURES SHOWING THE TYPES OF QUESTIONAIRES USED IN THE VARIOUS SURVEYS, PROFILES ON THE PUBLIC INTERVIEWED, THE TYPES OF QUESTIONS ASKED, AND THE TYPES OF RESPONSES RECEIVED. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241902 AU - Calif Business & Transportation Agency TI - TRANSPORTATION - EMPLOYMENT PROJECT PY - 1970/01 AB - THE ASSUMPTION THAT INCREASED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE CAN SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE RESIDENTS OF A DISADVANTAGED AREA WAS TESTED BY PROVIDING BUS SERVICE BETWEEN SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES AND A MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTER OUTSIDE THAT AREA. STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED OF THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE ENTIRE PROJECT AREA, THE ADEQUACY OF EXISTING TRANSIT SERVICES IN TERMS OF THOSE NEEDS, AND HOW EXISTING SERVICES CAN BE RESTRUCTURED OR SUPPLEMENTED TO ELIMINATE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIED DEFICIENCIES. TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONAL TESTS, SUBSEQUENT TO THE FINDINGS OF THE STUDIES, WERE EVALUATED TO MEASURE THE COMMUNITY IMPACT OF INCREASED ACCESS TO JOBS, HEALTH CENTERS, SHOPPING FACILITIES, RECREATIONAL AREAS, AND OTHER OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DISADVANTAGED. IT WAS FOUND THAT EVEN WITH THE ADDITION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSIT ROUTES AND FACILITIES, MANY OF THE NEW JOBS THAT WERE MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH SPECIAL JOB PROGRAMS WERE LOW PAYING AND AT GREAT DISTANCES FROM THE PROJECT AREA. PEOPLE WILLING TO ACCEPT SUCH EMPLOYMENT USUALLY CANNOT AFFORD THE HIGH COSTS OF TRAVEL BY EITHER BUS OR PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE AND DO NOT ORDINARILY STAY ON THE JOBS VERY LONG. POOR PEOPLE WHO ARE PLACED IN MINIMUM WAGE JOBS FIFTEEN TO TWENTY-FIVE MILES FROM THEIR HOMES DO NOT REGARD THOSE JOBS AS PERMANENT SOLUTIONS TO THEIR EMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS. IN RECRUITING LOW-SKILLED LABOR, MOST EMPLOYERS SEEK OUT PEOPLE WHO CAN TRAVEL TO WORK IN THEIR OWN AUTOMOBILES, AND PREFER THAT THEY COME FROM AREAS CLOSE TO THE PLANTS. THERE IS A TENDENCY TO DISCOURAGE THE CREATION OF CAR POOLS AND TO RESIST THE HIRING OF PEOPLE WHO MUST RELY UPON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OR OTHER EMPLOYEES TO REACH THEIR JOBS. THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION IS A DERIVED DEMAND. IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION WILL INCREASE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ONLY WHEN THERE ARE JOB OPENINGS FOR POTENTIAL USERS OF THE SERVICE. IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO SIMPLY CONNECT "POINTS OF OPPORTUNITY" BY THEORETICAL MATCHES BETWEEN INVENTORIES OF JOB VACANCIES AND LABOR SUPPLY. IN GENERAL, IMPROVEMENTS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DO NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DISADVANTAGED AND UNEMPLOYED POOR OF THE PROJECT AREA TO PARTICIPATE IN THE HIGHLY FORMALIZED AND COMPETETIVE JOB MARKET. AT THE SAME TIME, HOWEVER, THE PROJECT DEMONSTRATED THAT FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT HAVE THEIR OWN PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION, IMPROVED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE AREA IS A NECESSARY, ALTHOUGH NOT A SUFFICIENT, REQUIREMENT FOR INCREASING THEIR CHANCES OF OBTAINING WORK. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Distance KW - Employment KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Salaries KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239526 AU - Tucson Area Transp Plnng Agency TI - AREAWIDE MASS TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY-PLANNING SERIES REPORT #5: PLAN DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970/01 AB - HISTORICAL DATA ON TUSCON'S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, PRESENT MASS TRANSIT FACILITIES AND THEIR USES ARE PRESENTED. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE GIVEN FOR CONTINUING TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE TUSCON AREA. A SUPPLEMENT AUGMENTS THE REPORT IN FURNISHING A DETAILED DOCUMENTATION OF THE PROCEDURES AND RESULTS OF THE FIELD SURVEYS THAT WERE ACCOMPLISHED AS PART OF THE DATA COLLECTION PHASE OF THE TECHNICAL STUDIES; INCLUDED IS INFORMATION ON THREE SEPARATE SURVEYS: ON-BUS SURVEYS, AN AREAWIDE SAMPLE SURVEY, AND A MODEL CITIES SAMPLE SURVEY. AN AGGRESSIVE MARKET RESEARCH AND PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED BY THE REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY; A NEW IMAGE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SHOULD BE SHAPED, AND POTENTIAL AREAS OF EXPANSION OF SERVICES SHOULD BE RESEARCHED. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Public transit KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131299 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00201064 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts TI - REPORT ON URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION IN METROPOLITAN MOBILE, ALABAMA, INCLUDING VALUATION SUPPLEMENT PY - 1970/01 AB - WHEN THE MOBILE CITY LINES, INC., NOTIFIED THE CITY THAT IT WOULD CEASE ALL TRANSIT OPERATIONS, THE CITY ACTED TO REORGANIZE THE TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR PUBLIC OPERATION. AN EVALUATION OF THE ASSETS AND OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM INDICATED THAT THE OPERATING FACILITIES ARE BOTH SUITABLY LOCATED AND SATISFACTORY FOR THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM. THE BUS FLEET IS GENERALLY IN SATISFACTORY OPERATING CONDITION, AND WHILE CERTAIN OF THE OLDER UNITS SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH NEW EQUIPMENT, THE FLEET AS A WHOLE IS ADEQUATE FOR OPERATIONS IN THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE. PUBLIC OWNERSHIP CARRIES A NUMBER OF ADVANTAGES NOT AVAILABLE TO THE PRIVATE OPERATOR. TAX RELIEF FROM MOST FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL LEVIES IS AVAILABLE. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE IN THE FORM OF FUNDS FOR IMPROVEMENTS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IS ALSO AVAILABLE TO QUALIFYING PUBLIC BODIES. ALSO ADVOCATED IS AN EFFECTIVE DEMAND- RESPONSIVE TYPE OF TRANSIT SYSTEM. THIS WOULD ENTAIL A CONTINUOUS PROCESS OF ROUTE MODIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT, AS WELL AS CHARTER AND SPECIAL SERVICE EXPANSION DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE AREA. TO ATTRACT, STIMULATE, AND MAINTAIN THE INTEREST OF THE PUBLIC IN THE REVITALIZED TRANSIT SYSTEM, AN ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS PROGRAM WOULD BE EMPLOYED. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Regions KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241826 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - CHATTANOOGA URBAN AREA MASS TRANSIT STUDY (MAIN REPORT) PY - 1970/01 AB - THE REPORT ANALYZES THE CITY'S TRANSIT SITUATION AND ITS VARIOUS LOCAL PECULIARITIES. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO RISING OPERATIONAL COSTS, LOCAL TRANSIT MANAGEMENT, AND COMPETITION BETWEEN THE PRIVATE BUS COMPANY AND PRIVATE "JITNEY" SERVICES OPERATING IN THE CITY'S DENSEST COMMUTER CORRIDORS. THE REPORT INCLUDES DETAILED CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC CONDITIONS, MASS TRANSPORTATION SERVICE AND OPERATIONS, TRANSIT TRAVEL PATTERNS AND TRIP ANALYSIS, FUTURE ALTERNATIVE PROFILES, AND A RECOMMENDED PLAN FOR FUTURE TRANSIT. THE LATTER EMPHASIZES INTEGRATION OF PRESENTLY COMPETATIVE BUS AND JITNEY SERVICES IN A BI-STATE (TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA, BOTH OF WHICH INCLUDE PARTS OF THE CHATTANOOGA SMSA) TRANSIT AUTHORITY. OPERATIONAL EXPENSES WOULD NOT BE SOLELY DEPENDENT UPON FAREBOX REVENUES. PROVISION OF SPECIAL TRANSIT SERVICES FOR RELATIVELY POOR AND DISADVANTAGED AREAS IS ALSO RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Competition KW - Financing KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Jitneys KW - Low income groups KW - Management KW - Ownership KW - States KW - Trip generation KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242148 AU - Aerial Transit Systems TI - BASELINE SYSTEM DEFINITION OF THE AERIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1970/01 AB - THE AERIAL TRANSIT SYSTEM (ATS) EMPLOYS LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLES PROPELLED ALONG A FLEXIBLE STEEL GUIDEWAY WHICH IS SUPPORTED BY CABLES SUSPENDED FROM TOWERS SPACED 1/4 MILE APART. THE REPORT EXAMINES ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF ATS OPERATIONS IN A HYPOTHETICAL APPLICATION FOR ACCESS TO KANSAS CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT FROM THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. THE REPORT COVERS: STATION CAPACITY AND SPACING; GUIDEWAY CAPACITY, SWITCHING, AND CURVATURE; VEHICLE PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM CONTROL, HEADWAY AND COMMUNICATIONS; PASSENGER COMFORT; VEHICLE SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE; SECURITY; VEHICLE DESIGN, SUSPENSION, PROPULSION, BRAKING, SPEED CONTROL, AND POWER REQUIREMENTS. APPENDED MATERIAL PROVIDES SUPPLEMENTARY ANALYSIS OF THE PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY SYSTEMS OF ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR THE ATS. SEVERAL MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF THE ATS OVER CONVENTIONAL RAPID TRANSIT DESIGNS ARE HIGHLIGHTED BY THE REPORT: (1) SAFETY (THE VEHICLE CAN BE STOPPED AND RECOVERED EASILY IN CASES OF MALFUNCTION, CANNOT JUMP THE TRACK, AND IS GENERALLY SECURE FROM VANDALISM.); (2) NON- POLLUTION; AND (3) SPEED AND EASE OF INSTALLATION OR RELOCATION. FOUR COST ADVANTAGES OF ATS OVER CONVENTIONAL RAIL SYSTEMS ARE: (1) THE AVAILABILITY OF LAND BENEATH THE RIGHTS-OF-WAY FOR PRODUCTIVE UTILIZATION; (2) THE ELIMINATION OF MANY SITE PREPARATION COSTS; (3) COMPONENT UNIT COSTS THAT COMPARE FAVORABLY WITH OTHER VEHICLE GUIDEWAY DESIGNS; AND (4) THE OPPORTUNITY FOR DIRECT POINT-TO-POINT ROUTES WITH WHICH EXISTING GROUND FEATURES WILL NOT INTERFERE. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airports KW - Communications KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Future concepts KW - Guideways KW - Innovation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - People movers KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Switches KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044182 AU - Institute of Public Administration TI - TRACK-SHARING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1970/01 AB - The potential use of railway tracks is discussed for passenger movements to the center city. Examination is made of the implications of instituting such service either by dual-mode railbus or by conventional rail equipment. The substantial vehicle development in railbuses is also reviewed. A simple inexpensive railing system, adaptable to any standard bus without major modification of the vehicle, can be installed in the shop of the bus company. The railbus concept is drawing increased attention from both national and international transportation planners. KW - Commuter service KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Multiple use KW - Rapid transit KW - Track sharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/10985 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512927 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Morgantown personal rapid transit : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511092 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Baltimore region rapid transit system, phase I, section A : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510171 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Second Ave subway construction, 34th St to 126th St, Manhattan : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294495 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01510170 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Metropolitan Atlanta rapid transit system : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft(3v), Final, Final supplement to the final; initial phase subway environmental concept study (final report) B1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1294494 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161647 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Long Island Rail Road to east mid-town Manhattan extension, New York : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101828 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - East 63rd St line, Manhattan/Queens boroughs, New York : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070604 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Ferry service between San Francisco and Marin County, Expansion : environmental impact statement PY - 1970///Volumes held: Final, Final supplement to the final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829989 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241918 AU - Washington Metro Area Transit Commission AU - Hollander, Sidney & Assoc TI - TRANSIT INFORMATION AIDS PY - 1970 AB - DURING THE FIVE YEARS ENDING JUNE 1969 A PROJECT WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE HOW IMPROVED INFORMATION AIDS AFFECTED THE PATRONAGE AND IMAGE OF THE D. C. TRANSIT COMPANY, A PRIVATE ORGANIZATION OFFERING PUBLIC BUS SERVICE IN THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON D.C., AREA. SEVEN HYPOTHESIS WERE TESTED, WITH INCONCLUSIVE OR NEGATIVE RESULTS, MAINLY FOR TWO REASONS: (1) MOST RIDERS EMPLOYED THE BUS SERVICE FOR A KNOWN, REPEATED ACTION (E.G., TRIP TO WORK, SHOPPING) AND DID NOT FEEL THEY PROFITED FROM ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; AND (2) DURING THE PERIOD OF EVALUATION, WIDE PUBLICITY WAS GIVEN TO A SUBSTANTIAL FARE INCREASE BY THE COMPANY. THE PLANNING, EXECUTION, AND EVALUATION OF THE DEMONSTRATION ROUTES ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL. KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Interviewing KW - Maps KW - Public transit KW - Route signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241951 AU - Lawrence, D G AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE POLITICS OF INNOVATION IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION POLICYMAKING: THE NEW SYSTEMS EXAMPLE PY - 1970 AB - WHILE THE POTENTIAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE NEW-SYSTEMS STUDY UNDERTAKEN BY THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN 1967 WERE FAR-REACHING, THE STUDY ITSELF REPRESENTED CONGRESSIONAL AND DEPARTMENTAL INTEREST OF MUCH SMALLER SCALE. IN ADDITION TO THIS DISPARITY OF SIGNIFICANCE, THE PROGRAM SUFFERED FROM THE UNREADINESS OF EITHER THE DEPARTMENT OR CONGRESS TO REPLACE INCREMENTAL WITH RADICAL CHANGE IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM POLICY AND PLANNING. GIVEN THESE TWO HANDICAPS, THE PROGRAM WAS BESET BY CONTRADICTORY OR INADEQUATELY STATED GOALS, BREAKDOWN IN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE WHERE POLICY DECISIONS WERE REQUIRED, AND INCOHERENCE IN RESEARCH MANAGEMENT. KW - Decision making KW - Laws KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241576 AU - Prangley, R E AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND PY - 1970 AB - THE PURPOSE IS TO INVESTIGATE THE FEASIBLE ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS TO THE COMMUTER TRAFFIC PROBLEM ON THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CAMPUS. A SYSTEM WILL BE RECOMMENDED WHICH SHOULD ALLEVIATE THE COMMUTER TRAFFIC AND THE PARKING SPACE REQUIRED TO ACCOMODATE THE TRAFFIC ON CAMPUS. THREE POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO THE COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ARE CONSIDERED: THE PRESENT AUTO SYSTEM, THE AUTO-BUS SYSTEM, AND THE AUTOBUS SYSTEM WITH REGULTED PARKING. IT WAS FOUND THAT 84% OF THE COMMUTER SAMPLE OF 24,000 LIVED WITHIN NINE MILES OF THE UNIVERSITY AND 65% WITHIN SIX MILES OF THE UNIVERSITY. DISTRIBUTION OF THE COMMUTER POPULATION WAS DESCRIBED BY AN EXPONENTIAL DECAY FUNCTION. THE RANGES AND CONSTRAINTS OF VARIABLES RELATED TO THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH SYSTEM ARE EXAMINED. A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS USED TO COMPARE THE SYSTEMS. THE AUTO BUS SYSTEM EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT REGULATED PARKING PRESENTS ITSELF AS THE BEST THEORETICAL ALTERNATIVE. THE HIGH CONCENTRATION OF COMMUTERS WITHIN NINE MILES OF THE UNIVERSITY AND THE RESULTS OF THE MARKETING SURVEY SUGGESTS THE PERIPHERAL/REGIONAL SYSTEM COULD MEET WITH SUCCESS. THE GREATEST PROBLEM THE STUDY ANTICIPATES IS IN THE NEGOTIATION FOR THE USE OF PERIPHERAL LOTS. THE UNIVERSITY DOES POSSESS CONSIDERABLE LATITUTDE IN THE ECONOMIC REGULATION OF PARKING WHICH IT HAS NOT UTILIZED. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE UNIVERSITY: (1) REVIEW SCHEDULING OF CLASSES FOR THE PURPOSE OF SPREADING THE DYNAMIC AND STATIC LOADS; (2) IDENTIFY STUDENT COMMUTER LOCATIONS AND REFER SUCH DATA TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES FOR PURPOSES OF MAXIMIZING THE LOAD FACTOR ON UNIVERSITY DESTINED ROUTES AND CORRECTLY STRUCTURING SUCH ROUTES; AND (3) INSTITUTE ECONOMIC REGULATION OF PARKING BY CHARGING A MINIMUM OF $30 ANNUALLY. /UMTA/ KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Commuters KW - Commuting KW - Parking KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00814848 AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area TI - I-35W URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT : BUS-METERED FREEWAY SYSTEM. INTERIM REPORT NUMBER 1, PROJECT OPERATIONS MANUAL PY - 1970 SP - 107 p. AB - This report begins with an introduction to the I-35W bus metered freeway system demonstration project, discussing its concept, scope goals, objectives, and organization structure. A work program for the demonstration project is then presented. This includes a discussion of the various phases covering planning, design, construction and equipment procurement, operation, and evaluation. This is then followed by a detailed work program for the first phase which covers the various tasks involved in the planning phase. KW - Bus lanes KW - Freeway management systems KW - Traffic surveillance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/682221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240123 AU - KOIKE, H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - PLANNING URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A MODEL FOR GENERATING SOCIALLY DESIRABLE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS -- RESEARCH REPORT NO 2 PY - 1970 AB - A MODEL, CAPABLE OF DESIGNING NEW OR IMPROVING EXISTING TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS IN A WAY THAT WILL ACHIEVE A GIVEN SOCIAL GOAL, IS DEVELOPED. THE GOAL IS THE INCREASE OF AN INDEX CALLED SATISFACTION LEVEL WHICH IS A FUNCTION OF OPPORTUNITY (I.E. TRANSPORTATION ACCESSIBILITY OR OF EMPLOYMENT) AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS. THE MODEL WAS STRUCTRED TO PRODUCE A TRANSPORTATION NETWORK DESIGN THAT PROVIDES A HIGHER AND MORE EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SATISFACTION LEVEL INDEX THAN A GIVEN BASELINE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAME INDEX. THE DESIGN PROCESS IS ALSO GUIDED BY A WEIGHTING FUNCTION WHICH FAVORS POTENTIAL RIDERSHIP WITH PROPORTIONATELY LOWER LEVELS OF SATISFACTION; DESIGN OF THE TRANSIT NETWORK IS THEREFORE TAILORED PROPORTIONATELY TO THE PROJECTED DEMANDS OF THE LEAST SATISFIED PEOPLE IN AN URBAN AREA. SEVERAL EXPERIMENTS WERE DESIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED TO TEST SOME OF THE CONCEPTS INVOLVED AND TO DETERMINE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MODEL CHANGES IN SOME OF ITS KEY PARAMETERS. ALL ASPECTS OF THESE TESTS ARE DOCUMENTED. AMONG THE CONCLUSIONS YIELDED WERE THAT THE MODEL DOES PRODUCE HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORK DESIGNS UNDER A WIDE VARIETY OF CONDITIONS AND THAT THE RESULTING SOLUTIONS WITH NEARLY IDENTICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES INDICATED THAT THERE ARE PROBABLY A LARGE NUMBER OF GOOD SOLUTIONS TO EACH PROBLEM. A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF HOW THE MODEL CAN BE EXPANDED TO CONTAIN ADDITIONAL FACTORS RELEVANT TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION IS PRESENTED. KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - Social values KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00238945 AU - Metro Planning Comm-kansas City Regon TI - ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT LEGISLATION PY - 1970 AB - THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IS TO DOCUMENT THE STATUTORY PROVISION OF OPERATIONAL SUBSIDIES FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION IN OTHER STATES WHICH CAN BE APPLIED TO THE KANSAS CITY METROPOLITAN AREA. THE NATURE AND ROLE OF FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AID ARE ALSO DISCUSSED, BUT FOUND TO REQUIRE SUCH A LARGE LOCAL COMMITTMENT IN MATCHING- FUND PROGRAMS THAT SUPPLEMENTAL SUB-FEDERAL ASSISTANCE REMAINS NECESSARY. THE REPORT CONTENDS THAT LONG-RANGE INDICATIONS ARE TOWARD THE ATTRACTION OF SUBSTANTIAL NEW PATRONAGE AND REVENUE, BUT THAT TWO EXPENSIVE PREREQUISITES MUST FIRST BE MET: MODERNIZATION OF TRANSIT EQUIPMENT AND FACILTIES, AND IMPROVED MANAGEMENT. BOTH OF THESE ARE LARGELY CONTINGENT UPON ADEQUATE STATE AND LOCAL LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANCE. THE REPORT DOCUMENTS RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL SURVEY, CONDUCTED AMONG 14 MAJOR TRANSIT COMPANIES, WHICH REVEALED KANSAS CITY TO BE THE ONLY CITY WHOSE SUBSTANTIAL OPERATING LOSSES WERE NOT COVERED BY PUBLIC SUBSIDIES. THE SOURCES OF PUBLIC REVENUE MADE AVAILABLE TO COMPANIES IN THE OTHER STATES, ARE EXAMINED, AND A WIDE DIVERSITY IN STATUTORY PRECEDENTS IS NOTED. A STATE-BY-STATE ANALYSIS OF RELEVANT LEGISLATION IS BROKEN DOWN BY OPERATIONS COVERED, TAXING AUTHORITY, DIRECT ASSISTANCE, AND INDIRECT ASSISTANCE TO SUGGEST LEGISLATIVE PRECEDENTS FOR SUBSIDIZING THE KANSAS CITY TRANSIT SYSTEM. A FINAL SECTION DOCUMENTS SPECIFIC CITATIONS FROM THE VARIOUS STATE LAWS WHICH PERTAIN TO THE FINANCING OF MASS TRANSIT OPERATIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Financing KW - Laws KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - States KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242034 AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School TI - MINICAR TRANSIT SYSTEM (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1970 AB - THE MINICAR TRANSIT SYSTEM (MTS) CONSISTS OF A SET OF TERMINALS, LOCATED AT MANY POINTS THROUGHOUT AN URBAN SERVICE AREA, AND A FLEET OF SPECIALLY DESIGNED SMALL-CAR VEHICLES. THE USER HAS A CREDIT CARD WITH AN IDENTIFICATION NUMBER WHICH ALLOWS HIM TO RENT A MINICAR AT ANY ONE OF THE TERMINALS FOR A SINGLE TRIP, OR FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, AFTER WHICH HE CAN DROP THE MINICAR OFF AT THAT OR ANY OTHER TERMINAL. THE TIMES AND LOCATIONS OF THE CHECKING OUT AND CHECKING IN OF VEHICLES ARE RECORDED AND TRANSFERRED, VIA AN INFORMATION SYSTEM, TO A CENTRAL FACILITY. ADDITIONAL DATA, COLLECTED AUTOMATICALLY DURING CHECK-IN AND CHECK-OUT PROCEDURES, WILL BE USED TO PROGRAM MAINTENANCE WORK AND TO INDICATE THE NEED FOR REDISTRIBUTION OF VEHICLES AMONG THE TERMINALS TO MEET DEMAND. MOST MINICAR OPERATIONS WILL TAKE PLACE IN URBAN AREAS. CONSEQUENTLY, THE MTS WILL SERVE MOSTLY RELATIVELY SHORT TRIPS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MINIMUM PARKING SPACE AND REDUCTION IN EXHAUST POLLUTION ARE OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE MTS IS TECHNOLOGICALLY FEASIBLE. A PROTOTYPE VEHICLE WAS DEVELOPED WHICH INCORPORATES A NUMBER OF NEW SOLUTIONS AND CONCEPTUALLY SATISFIES ALL THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIALIZED SERVICE. IT HAS A LENGTH APPROXIMATELY HALF THAT OF CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES, A VERY LOW WHEEL-BASE/TREAD RATIO, AND A HYBRID POWER TRAIN WITH LOW LEVELS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Commuters KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information processing KW - Miniature automobiles KW - Parking KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239517 AU - Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council TI - MASS TRANSIT IN THE TAMPA BAY REGION -- SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1970 AB - THE REGION IS SERVED BY FIVE INDIVIDUAL BUS COMPANIES, FOUR OF WHICH ARE PRIVATELY OWNED. EXISTING SERVICES ARE POORLY COORDINATED, AND A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK IS DETERIORATED. RIDERSHIP ON ALL LINES HAS DECLINED STEADILY OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES. CURRENT OPERATIONS EMPHASIZE SERVICE ONLY FOR "TRANSIT CAPTIVES" WHO LACK ACCESS TO A PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE. AS A RESULT, INTRAREGIONAL TRAVEL PATTERNS ARE DOMINATED BY THE PRIVATE MODE. FOUR BASIC OBJECTIVES WERE DEVELOPED TO GUIDE THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS: (1) EXPANDED AND IMPROVED SERVICE FOR ALL SEGMENTS OF THE POPULATION: (2) BALANCED REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION TO SATISFY THE VARIETY OF TRAVEL DEMANDS: (3) EFFICIENT AND DEPENDABLE SERVICE THAT CAN ACCOMMODATE FUTURE TRANSIT REQUIREMENTS: AND (4) OPPORTUNITIES TO INTEGRATE NEW TECHNOLOGIES AS THEY BECOME AVAILABLE. THESE BASIC GOALS WERE EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP A RECOMMENDED SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. THE IMMEDIATE PROPOSALS WERE DESIGNED TO UPGRADE EXISTING SERVICE, REPLACE DETERIORATED CAPITAL STOCK, AND RENOVATE PUBLIC TRANSIT FACILITIES. A $7.2 MILLION PLAN IS ADVANCED TO MEET THESE OBJECTIVES BY 1975. IN ADDITION, THE REPORT RECOMMENDS CREATION OF A REGIONAL TRANSIT COORDINATION COMMITTEE AND MAJOR CHANGES IN CURRENT ROUTES AND SCHEDULES. SEVERAL HIGH-DEMAND TRAVEL CORRIDORS IN WHICH A REGIONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM MIGHT BE LOCATED ARE IDENTIFIED. THE PROPOSED NETWORK WOULD COVER SOME 54 MILES THROUGH HIGH- DENSITY AREAS; ADDITIONAL SEGMENTS OF AN EQUAL LENGTH ARE PROPOSED FOR FUTURE CONSIDERATION. THE REPORT EXAMINES FIVE POTENTIAL RAPID TRANSIT CONCEPTS WHICH COULD BE APPLIED TO THE TAMPA BAY AREA: (1) MONORAIL: (2) MINISYSTEMS (DUAL-MODE CARS AND PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT): (3) AIR CUSHION VEHICLES; (4) CONVENTIONAL RAIL RAPID TRANSIT; AND (5) RUBBER TIRE-ON- GUIDEWAY SYSTEM. THREE LONG-RANGE PLANNING OBJECTIVES ARE ADVANCED: (1) ESTABLISHMENT OF A THREE-LEVEL SYSTEM OF REGIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE (INTRA-CITY, INTRA-REGIONAL, AND INTER-REGIONAL): (2) ESTABLISHMENT OF A REGIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE CORPORATION TO GUIDE ALL FUTURE TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA: AND (3) RECEIPT OF SUFFICIENT STATE AND FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO FINANCE THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Captive riders KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239477 AU - Port Authority of Allegheny County TI - ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: FINAL REPORT PY - 1970 AB - MARKET RESEARCH METHODS AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS WERE EMPLOYED TO PINPOINT ECONOMIC, RACIAL, ETHNIC AND AGE GROUPS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY AND TO DETERMINE THE BASIS FOR EXISTING RIDERSHIP PATTERNS AMONG THEM. THE FINDINGS WERE EMPLOYED ALSO TO DETERMINE WHAT MESSAGES OR PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES COULD BE MOST EFFECTIVE IN CHANGING THE RECOGNIZED ATTITUDES AND HABITS. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IS OUTLINED IN DETAIL ALONG WITH THE FINDINGS. FIVE SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS WERE REACHED: (1) OFF-PEAK RIDERSHIP COULD BE INCREASED AS A DIRECT RESULT OF IMPROVED TRANSIT INFORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF A TRANSIT ROUTE MAP. (2) TRANSIT RIDERSHIP COULD BE EFFECTIVELY SIMULATED BY COMPUTER AS A FUNCTION OF SUCH VARIABLES AS WEATHER, TIME OF DAY, SEASONALITY, ETC. (3) TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICE FOR TRANSIT USERS WAS PATRONIZED MORE FREQUENTLY BY PRESENT USERS THAN BY POTENTIAL PASSENGERS. (4) ADVERTISING OF TRANSIT SERVICE GENERALLY DID NOT PROVE CONCLUSIVELY TO INCREASE OVERALL RIDERSHIP. (5) UNANTICIPATED VARIABLES SUCH AS CIVIL DISORDERS, AN EXACT FARE REQUIREMENT, LOCAL POLITICAL EVENTS, AND A TRANSIT WORK STOPPAGE RESULTED IN CLEARLY NEGATIVE INFLUENCES ON RIDERSHIP, REPRODUCTIONS OF ADS, SCRIPTS, BROCHURES, MAPS AND A 45 R.P.M. PHONOGRAPH RECORD FOR USE ON RADIO SPOTS ARE INCLUDED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Age KW - Demographics KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Market research KW - Public opinion KW - Race KW - Ridership KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044209 AU - Studholme, E D AU - Consortium of Universities TI - A METRO PARK-RIDE FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM PY - 1970 AB - The adopted regional rail transit system for the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area comprises 86 stations located on 98 route miles. It is anticipated that about 30,000 parking spaces will be provided at these stations. It is suggested here that transit station parking facilities be coordinated with the automatic fare collection system, which employs magnetically coded fare cards and machines that are capable of performing logical functions in response to directives from the cards. The control exercized over the "paid area" of the station can be extended to the parking facility through automatic issuance of a transfer, presentation of which to the automatic parking gate control unit will allow the driver to enter the "free area" of the street. Functional design alternatives are considered, and a baseline system is proposed which is then made the subject of a cost analysis that includes comparison with a manual system. At a parking-space allowance of 350 square feet, the annual operating cost of the manual system would be about $45, while that for the proposed system would be about $7. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Commuters KW - Parking facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044210 AU - Murin, W J AU - Consortium of Universities TI - THE EVOLUTION OF METRO PY - 1970 AB - This research, part of a large effort, examines the evolution of the Washington, D.C., area subway system (Metro) from early legislation in the 1950's through adoption late in 1969. The specific purpose of the narrative is to provide a common framework of understanding for the larger effort and to present the incremental nature of the decision-making process relevant to the system's planning. The entire effort, titled transportation planning and politics in the national capital, will examine the policy implications of the values of the various participants in the metro planning process. The perspective will be that of an inner-city resident and his service needs to work, shopping, medical services, etc. KW - Rapid transit KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241937 AU - Sweek, J E AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - EVALUATING THE CENTRAL CITY ACCESS OPPORTUNITY PROVIDED BY A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM-RESEARCH REPORT NO 1 PY - 1970 AB - THE REPORT DEVELOPS AND TESTS A METHODOLOGY TO MEASURE THE ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED TO URBAN RESIDENTS BY A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. ACCESS OPPORTUNITY IS DEFINED AS "THE OPPORTUNITY FOR A TRIP MAKER TO PROFIT FROM A TRANSIT SYSTEM IN TRAVELING BETWEEN ORIGIN AND DESTINATION THROUGH TIME AND COST SAVINGS." THREE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH WERE TO: (1) DEVELOP A METHODOLOGY TO MEASURE THE ACCESS OPPORTUNITY FOR ANY URBAN RESIDENT TO REACH A DESTINATION VIA THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM; (2) DEVELOP A MORE PRECISE IDENTIFICATION OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES AFFECTING TRANSIT TRAVEL COSTS; AND (3) INVESTIGATE THE FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPING AN AREAWIDE QUERY-TYPE SYSTEM THAT COULD BE USED BY ANY INTERESTED PERSON IN ASSESSING HIS PARTICULAR TRANSIT CONVENIENCE. THE SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, CBD WAS SELECTED FOR THE CASE STUDY. TWO UNIQUE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRESENT REPORT AND EARLIER RESEARCH ARE THAT PRIOR STUDIES EMPHASIZED CORRIDORS RATHER THAN BLOCKS, AND NONE OF THE EARLIER RESEARCH EMPLOYED THE QUERY-TYPE SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING BENEFITS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT TO CENTRAL CITY RESIDENTS. AN ALGORITHM FOR ESTIMATING TOTAL TRAVEL TIME AND COSTS WAS DEVELOPED AROUND FIVE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES REPRESENTING TRAVEL TIME COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH SEGMENT OF A POINT-TO-POINT TRIP. ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS ARE ASSESSED; IN THE SEATTLE CASE STUDY, THESE ENCOMPASSED AN EXISTING BUS SYSTEM AND A PROPOSED RAIL RAPID TRANSIT ROUTE. THE METHODOLOGY WAS TESTED FOR TRIPS BETWEEN THE SEATTLE MODEL CITIES AREA AND THREE PRINCIPAL TRIP GENERATORS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA. ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED TO TRAVELERS ON BOTH MODES WERE QUANTIFIED. ALL RELEVANT DATA ARE PROVIDED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT A RAPID RAIL SYSTEM WILL PROVIDE ONLY A MARGINAL INCREASE IN ACCESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR CENTRAL AREA RESIDENTS BECAUSE OF HIGH RELATIVE TRANSFER TIME COSTS AND THAT THE BUS MODE IS COMPETITIVE WITH THE PROPOSED RAIL SYSTEM FOR TRIP LENGTHS OF UP TO THREE MILES. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Present value KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Travel time KW - Value KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241963 AU - Baxter, R G AU - Consortium of Universities TI - DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ACCESS PY - 1970 AB - THE REPORT IS A DETAILED STUDY OF HIGHWAY ACCESS TO THE DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, EMPHASIZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DAILY VEHICULAR VOLUMES ON EXISTING ACCESS ROADS AND THE NUMBER OF DAILY DEPARTING PASSENGERS. THE BASIC OBJECTIVE IS TO PROVIDE LONG-RANGE PLANNING DATA AND TO RECOMMEND METHODS FOR HANDLING TRAFFIC VOLUMES IN THE ACCESS CORRIDOR. THE MATERIAL IS PRESENTED IN FOUR BASIC AREAS: (1) TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION AT THE AIRPORT; (2) PARKING LOT UTILIZATION; (3) TIME AND MODAL DISTRIBUTION (BROKEN DOWN AMONG BUS, LIMOUSINE, AND TAXI PASSENGER DISTRIBUTION); AND (4) OCCUPANCY PER VEHICLE (BROKEN DOWN BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE TRANSPORTATION). TWO BASIC CONCLUSIONS WERE YIELDED: (1) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO THE AIRPORT IS UNDER-UTILIZED AND EXISTING SERVICE IS INEFFICIENT. (2) DURING PEAK TRAVEL PERIODS, AS MUCH AS 15% OF THE ACCESS ROAD VOLUME REPRESENTS COMMUTER TRAFFIC. THIS ADDITIONAL DEMAND ADDS AN INSIGNIFICANT VOLUME TO THE UNDER-UTILIZED ACCESS ROAD, HOWEVER PROJECTED INCREASES IN AIRPORT OPERATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND ADJACENT LAND DEVELOPMENT WILL SEVERELY TAX THE ROAD'S CAPACITY IN THE FUTURE. SEVERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ARE ALSO ADVANCED. A SEPARATION OF PURELY COMMERCIAL AND AIRPORT EMPLOYEE TRAFFIC FROM THE VOLUME GENERATED BY AIR TRAVELERS AND COMMUTERS IS SUGGESTED. THE REPORT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO SEPARATE AIRPORT TRAFFIC AND COMMUTER TRAFFIC ON THE ACCESS ROAD. THE IMPORTANCE OF DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC TRAFFIC IS BASED ON THE PROJECTION OF CARGO HANDLING AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN THE DULLES AIRPORT VICINITY AND CONSEQUENT DEMANDS ON THE HIGHWAY FACILITY FOR GOODS MOVEMENT. FOR THE INCREASING VOLUME OF INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS TERMINATING AT DULLES, A SEPARATION OF THESE OPERATIONS FROM DOMESTIC OPERATIONS IS RECOMMENDED WITH EACH SERVED BY DISTINCT PHYSICAL AND ACCESS FACILITIES. CONSTRUCTION OF "SATELLITE" PARKING AREAS CONNECTED BY RAPID TRANSIT TO THE DULLES TERMINALS IS SUGGESTED FOR LONG-TERM USERS. THE REPORT DISCUSSES THE FEASIBILITY OF HANDLING PASSENGER SERVICE THROUGH SUBURBAN TERMINALS THAT COULD CONNECT ENPLANING TRAVELERS WITH THE AIRPORT BY MEANS OF EXISTING OR EXPANDED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. THE REPORT GIVES PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO PROJECTED METRO ROUTES TO DULLES AND TO PILOT PROJECTS WITH PASSENGER SERVICES OPERATED AT SUBURBAN TERMINALS. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Commuting KW - Landside capacity KW - Modal split KW - Parking lots KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Traffic distribution KW - Traffic volume KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Washington Dulles International Airport UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226468 AU - Viencent, B W AU - Consortium of Universities TI - PARKING AND URBAN DYNAMICS PY - 1970 AB - IN MOST MICROCOSMIC DECISIONS REGARDING TRANSPORTATION THE AUTOMOBILE IS HEAVILY FAVORED. THERE ARE TWO ADVANTAGES OFFERED BY AUTO THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN OTHER ALTERNATIVES: INDEPENDENCE AND CONVENIENCE. WITHIN THE PRESENT FRAMEWORK OF VALUES IT IS PREDETERMINED THAT CIRCUMSTANCES OFFERING REALIZATION OF THESE ADVANTAGES WILL BE CHOSEN BY THOSE PORTIONS OF THE POPULATION ABLE TO DO SO. IT THEREFORE MUST BE ACCEPTED BY PLANNERS THAT WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK AUTOMOTIVE ACCESSIBILITY IS ONE OF THE FACTORS OF VIABILITY. AVAILABILITY INCLUDES A WIDE RANGE OF FACTORS BEYOND THE SIMPLE NUMBERS OF PARKING SPACES. SOME OF THE DETERMINING FACTORS ARE: (1) PARKING RATES; (2) AMENITIES, SUCH AS WEATHER PROTECTION FOR CAR AND PERSON; (3) SAFETY HAZARDS PRESENTED BY PARKING NEAR FAST MOVING TRAFFIC; AND (1) SECURITY (DARK STREETS IN DOWNTOWN AREAS ARE FREQUENTLY CONSIDERED AS OFFERING NO AVAILABLE PARKING). FAILURE OF PLANNERS TO PROVIDE AVAILABLE PARKING IN A WAY WHICH GUIDES DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN FORM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THOSE CHARACTERISTICS ESTABLISHED FOR THE OPTIMAL PLAN WILL HAVE A FAR-REACHING DETRIMENTAL IMPACT. SOME RESULTS OF FAILING TO PROVIDE AVAILABILITY TO MEET THE DEMAND INCLUDE: (1) REDISTRIBUTION OF SHOPPING WILL OCCUR AT THOSE LOCATIONS WHICH DO PROVIDE PARKING; (2) ARTIFICIALLY HIGH TRANSPORTATION COSTS RESULTING FROM DECREASED AVAILABILITY; (3) EXTENSION OF COMMUTATION TIMES; (1) PUBLIC INCONVENIENCE; AND (5) WORSENING TRAFFIC CONGESTION. IT IS THE ROLE OF LOCAL PLANNERS AND POLICY MAKERS TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF THE VARIOUS TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS AND THE COSTS INVOLVED IN ACHIEVING EACH OPTION. TO THE DEGREE THAT PARKING AVAILABILITY WILL AFFECT PROGRESS TOWARD THE DESIRED GOALS, IT SHOULD BE SO DIRECTED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Parking studies KW - Studies KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241942 AU - Rapp, M H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - THE PLANNING OF NODE ORIENTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS: AN APPLICATION OF MAN-MACHINE INTERACTVE PROBLEM SOLVING - RES REPT NO 3 PY - 1970 AB - THE PROBLEM OF FINDING THE BEST FIXED ROUTES FOR NODEORIENTED TRANSIT SYSTEMS WAS USED FOR AN INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AN INTERACTIVE HEURISTIC SYSTEM. THE INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC SYSTEM ENABLES A PLANNER/ANALYST TO EFFECTIVELY SEARCH FOR AND EVALUATE A LARGER NUMBER OF ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME ON THE BASIS OF A MODAL SPLIT MODEL THAT PREDICTS THE UTILIZATION AND COST CONSEQUENCES OF EACH ALTERNATIVE DESIGN. THE UW/USL INTERACTIVE ROUTE DESIGN SYSTEM PRESENTS TWO TYPES OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO THE ANALYST: (1) MONTHLY COST AND REVENUE FIGURES, WHICH CONSIST OF THE TRANSIT OPERATION COSTS, THE EXPECTED FAREBOX REVENUES, THE REVENUES FROM PARKING AT THE DESTINATION AND A TOTAL REVENUE FIGURE; AND (2) SYSTEM UTILIZATION VARIABLES EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGES OF TRIP-MAKERS USING TRANSIT, PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES, OR OTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION (OR NOT MAKING THE TRIP AT ALL). IN ITS PRESENT FORM THE SYSTEM ALLOWS THE ANALYST TO VARY THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: (1) THE LOCATION OF THE DESTINATION NODE, (2) THE NUMBER OF ROUTES, (3) THE LOCATION AND LENGTH OF EACH ROUTE, (4) THE NUMBER AND LOCATION OF STOPS ALONG EACH ROUTE, AND (5) THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES OPERATING ON EACH ROUTE. /UMTA/ KW - Computer graphics KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Heuristic methods KW - Human machine systems KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131983 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241943 AU - Cooper, E AU - Howard University TI - METHODS OF IMPROVING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES FOR INNER- CITY DWELLERS PY - 1970 AB - WASHINGTON, NASHVILLE, NEW YORK, AND OTHER MAJOR URBAN AREAS WILL BE USED AS CASE STUDIES TO EXPLORE METHODS OF PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TO INNER-CITY RESIDENTS AND EQUALITY OF ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, RECREATIONAL, AND OTHER URBAN OPPORTUNITIES. A PREVIOUS STUDY OF LOW-INCOME NEW YORK CITY RESIDENTS REVEALED THAT THE PERCENTAGES OF TRIPS WHOSE DESTINATIONS WERE HOME, WORK, SHOPPING, AND SOCIAL--RECREATIONAL WERE, RESPECTIVELY, 41, 19, 13, AND 3. MOST TRIPS MADE BY LOW-INCOME RESIDENTS EITHER BEGIN OR END AT HOME. THIS CHARACTERISTIC IMPLIES A RESTRICTION IN THE DIVERSITY OF TRAVEL AND DAILY ACTIVITIES OF INNER-CITY RESIDENTS. THE TRIPS MADE FOR SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL REASONS ALSO REFLECT THIS TREND: ONLY 3%, COMPARED WITH AN AVERAGE OF 10--12% FOR SUBURBAN HOUSEHOLDS. PREVIOUS RESEARCH HAS ALSO SHOWN THAT IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH INCOMES OF LESS THAN $1000, 76% OWN NO CAR, A RATE THAT DROPS TO 69% IN THE $1000 TO $1999 BRACKET AND TO 16% IN THE OVER-$10,000 CLASS. THERE ARE MANY INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE ISOLATED FROM JOBS BECAUSE THEY CANNOT AFFORD A CAR. THEY ARE CONFRONTED WITH INADEQUATE PUBLIC TRANSIT TO JOBS WHICH HAVE BEEN SHIFTED TO THE SUBURBS. IN MANY CASES, RACIAL AND ECONOMIC SEGREGATION PREVENT THEM FROM MOVING OUT CLOSE TO THE JOB. THE LACK OF A CAR ISOLATES THE POOR OF THE INNER CITY NOT ONLY FROM THEIR JOBS BUT ALSO FROM SOCIAL, RECREATIONAL, AND HEALTH FACILITIES. THE SOLUTION LIES IN INTEGRATING TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT WITH URBAN DEVELOPMENT. THE IMPROVEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR INNER-CITY RESIDENTS SHOULD BE ANALYZED USING SHORT-AND LONG-TERM OBJECTIVES. INNER-CITY RESIDENTS MUST BE ABLE TO CIRCULATE AS WELL AS OTHER URBAN DWELLERS. THE PRESENT MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM IS NOT ACHIEVING THIS MOBILITY FOR INNER-CITY DWELLERS. BUS-TRANSIT IS GEARED FOR TRIPS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, AND THIS NEED IS DECREASING. THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN ASSISTING INNER-CITY DWELLERS TO ACHIEVE MOBILITY. THE SUBSIDIZATION OF PRIVATE PERSONAL VEHICLES SHOULD NOT BE OVERLOOKED. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - African Americans KW - Central business districts KW - Cities KW - Employment KW - Inner city KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Recreation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131984 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241962 AU - Aten, B W AU - Bulmash, G F AU - Consortium of Universities TI - WMA TRANSIT COMPANY PY - 1970 AB - WMA TRANSIT COMPANY IS A SMALL, PRIVATELY-OWNED BUS LINE SERVING THE EASTERN HALF OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA WITH ROUTES FANNING OUT FROM DOWNTOWN TO GREENBELT AND BOWIE, MARYLAND, ON THE NORTH, AND OXON HILL AND ANDREWS AIR FORCE BASE ON THE SOUTH. TRANSIT HAS SOME UNIQUE OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS. THE AVERAGE PASSENGER'S RIDE DURING THE PEAK PERIODS IS CONSIDERABLY LONGER THAN ON D.C. TRANSIT (DCT). THEY HAVE A PASSENGER TURNOVER PER RUN OF ONLY SLIGHTLY BETTER THAN ONE, COMPARED TO DCT'S FOUR TIMES PER RUN. WMA'S PASSENGERS RIDE LONGER DISTANCES AND PAY HIGHER FARES (DUE TO THE ZONED FARE STRUCTURE), BUT DCT RECEIVES MUCH MORE REVENUE PER RUN BECAUSE OF THEIR HIGHER TURNOVER. AN EXAMINATION OF THE MOST RECENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS REVEALS THE SYSTEM'S TENUOUS FINANCIAL POSITION. THE MOST STRIKING PARTS OF THESE STATEMENTS ARE THE NET LOSSES OF THE LAST TWO YEARS AND THE NEGATIVE EARNED SURPLUS (RETAINED EARNINGS) FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1969. IN 1968, DEBT FINANCING EXCEEDED EQUITY FINANCING BY NINE TIMES -- A HIGH MULTIPLE. FOR 1969, THE RELATIVE VALUE SKYROCKETED TO THIRTY TIMES. THE HUGE INCREASE IN DEBT FINANCING IN THE LAST FEW YEARS WAS DUE PRIMARILY TO WMA'S PURCHASE OF FORTY NEW BUSES DURING THIS PERIOD. THE HUGE DEBT OBLIGATIONS INCURRED BECAUSE OF THE EQUIPMENT PURCHASED RAISED BOTH THE DEBT FINANCING AND INTEREST EXPENSE, AS WELL AS DEPRECIATION CHARGES. UNFORTUNATELY REVENUE DID NOT INCREASE AS SWIFTLY AND EXTENSIVELY AS MANAGEMENT MAY HAVE ANTICIPATED. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIABLE MARKETING PROGRAM EMPHASIZING THE AREAS OF MARKET RESEARCH, PRODUCT PLANNING, PRICING, AND PROCOTION IS RECOMMENDED. EFFORT MUST BE MADE TO DESIGN ATTRACTIVE TRANSIT PACKAGES TAILORED TO THE NEEDS, ASPIRATIONS, AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE VARIOUS MARKET SEGMENTS SO THAT LOST PATRONAGE CAN BE REGAINED AND PRESENT RIDERSHIP RETAINED. /UMTA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Market research KW - Operations KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00243143 AU - Consortium of Universities TI - RESEARCH PROJECT SUMMARIES PY - 1970 AB - AN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION GRANT TO THE CONSORTIUM OF UNIVERSITIES MADE IT POSSIBLE TO AWARD FELLOWSHIPS TO GRADUATE STUDENTS SEEKING A MASTER'S OR DOCTOR'S DEGREE. THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTER WAS ESTABLISHED TO ADMINISTER THE GRANT AND INCLUDED THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND AS WELL AS THE FIVE CONSORTIUM UNIVERSITIES: THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, AND HOWARD UNIVERSITY. THE ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT OF A FELLOWSHIP FROM THE CENTER WAS A COMPLETED RESEARCH PROJECT ON A PHASE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION APPLICABLE TO THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA OR THE WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE CORRIDOR. PARTICIPATING IN THE FIRST PROGRAM OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTER WERE FELLOWS SEEKING DEGREES IN SIXTEEN DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES. SUMMARIES OF THE SPRING SEMESTER, 1970 URBAN TRANSPORTATION CENTER'S TWENTY-EIGHT RESEARCH PROJECTS ARE REPRODUCED WITH BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION ON EACH FELLOW. /UMTA/ KW - Graduate study KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241949 AU - Ehrlich, T AU - Consortium of Universities TI - SPECIALIZED TRIP DISTRIBUTION STUDY: METROPOLITAN RECREATION PY - 1970 AB - A LITERATURE SURVEY REVEALED THE NEED FOR A MODEL WHICH WOULD ESTIMATE DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AS A FUNCTION OF TRANSPORTATION ACCESS, DEMOGRAPHY, AND TRAVEL DISTANCE. DEMOGRAPHIC AND LAND USE INFORMATION PREPARED IN 1968 BY THE REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS WAS USED ALONG WITH A LICENSE PLATE SURVEY TO DETERMINE THE RESIDENCE OF PARK USERS. THE LICENSE PLATES WERE THEN CORRELATED WITH RECORDS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC RESIDENTIAL ORIGIN OF PERSONS WHO HAD DRIVEN TO THE RECREATION AREAS. ON THE BASIS OF THESE DATA, A PRELIMINARY MODEL WAS DEVELOPED THAT COMPUTED OVERALL PARK VISITATION AS A FUNCTION OF (1) POPULATION IN THE USER'S RESIDENTIAL AREA AND (2) TRAVEL TIME. A GRAVITY MODEL WAS USED TO COMPUTE TRIPS FROM A RESIDENTIAL AREA TO A RECREATIONAL AREA. THIS METHOD PROVED SUCCESSFUL IN REPLICATING MOST OF THE OBSERVED DEMAND. /AUTHOR/ KW - Demand KW - Gravity models KW - License plates KW - Mathematical models KW - Population KW - Recreation KW - Recreational facilities KW - Reviews KW - Social factors KW - Traffic assignment KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241950 AU - Graham, P A AU - Consortium of Universities TI - METHODOLOGICAL AND PARAMETRIC FOUNDATIONS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION PY - 1970 AB - THE OBJECTIVE WAS TO EXPLORE TECHNIQUES TO HELP URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS IN SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGICALLY DISPARATE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. PARTICULAR ATTENTION WAS FOCUSED ON URBAN PASSENGER TRAVEL, BUT THE TECHNIQUES EVOLVED ARE APPLICABLE IN PRINCIPLE TO ALL FIELDS OF TRANSPORTATION. THE "METHODOLOGICAL" PORTION OF THE PROJECT WAS CONCERNED WITH PRELIMINARY DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTIFIED PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE MODES. THE VIEWPOINT TAKEN WAS THAT SUCH PROCEDURES SHOULD OPERATE IN AN AUXILIARY ROLE, I. E., THEY SHOULD ENHANCE THE VALUE OF THE PLANNER'S JUDGMENT BY CLARIFYING THE OPTIONS OPEN TO HIM, RATHER THAN LEADING DIRECTLY (WITH PLANNER INPUTS) TO SYSTEM SELECTION. THE METHODOLOGY WHICH RESULTED FROM ADOPTING THIS PHILOSOPHY MAY BE TAILORED NOT ONLY TO HIGHLY COMPLEX AND SOPHISTICATED ANALYSES IN WHICH VAST AMOUNTS OF CONCRETE DATA ARE AVAILABLE, BUT ALSO TO SITUATIONS IN WHICH A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH IS PREFERABLE, OR IN WHICH INFORMATION IS INCOMPLETE OR UNRELIABLE. THE "PARAMETRIC" PORTION OF THE PROJECT SOUGHT TO ANSWER THE QUESTION: WHICH CHARACTERISTICS MUST BE CONSIDERED IN EVALUATING CANDIDATE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES? THIS SUBJECT AREA IS QUITE DISTINCT FROM THAT OF METHODOLOGY, WHICH CONCERNS THE MANNER IN WHICH THESE CHARACTERISTICS ARE TO BE USED ONCE THEY ARE IDENTIFIED. TWO OPPOSITE APPROACHES WERE UTILIZED FOR PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION: (1) A "SYNTHETIC" APPROACH, IN WHICH LITERATURE SURVEY INFORMATION WAS CROSS-CORRELATED AND GROUPED TO BUILD UP A BROAD PICTURE OF THE PARAMETERS OF INTEREST; AND (2) AN "ANALYTIC" APPROACH, IN WHICH THE STARTING POINT WAS A BROAD VIEW OF THE TRANSPORT PROBLEM, AND LOGICAL METHODS WERE APPLIED TO BREAK THIS DOWN INTO SPECIFIC AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION. THE LATTER APPROACH APPEARS TO BE MUCH MORE POWERFUL, SINCE IT PROVIDES A CLEAR FRAMEWORK WITHIN WHICH THE RELEVANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS TO THE OVERALL PROBLEM CAN BE SEEN. HOWEVER, THE FORMER APPROACH REMAINS IMPORTANT, PARTICULARLY, SINCE IT INCLUDES INFORMATION OBTAINED BY EMPIRICAL MEANS. THUS, THE TWO METHODS SHOULD BE USED IN TANDEM TO PROVIDE A MORE COMPLETE PICTURE OF TRANSPORT PARAMETERS OF INTEREST. /UMTA/ KW - Evaluation KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131991 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241954 AU - Paik, I K AU - Consortium of Universities TI - IMPACT OF TRANSPORTATION NOISE ON URBAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AIRCRAFT NOISE PY - 1970 AB - TWO BASIC HYPOTHESES ARE EXAMINED USING DATA FROM THE VICINITY OF JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN NEW YORK. THESE HYPOTHESES ARE: (1) THAT NOISE-AFFECTED AREAS EXHIBIT DIMINISHED RATES OF PROPERTY VALUE INCREASE, AND (2) THAT NOISE CREATES DIFFERENT RELATIVE EFFECTS ON PROPERTY VALUES IN COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS. ALTHOUGH THE ANALYSIS IS LIMITED TO AIRCRAFT NOISE AND ITS EFFECTS ON AN AREA IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT TO A MAJOR AIRPORT, AN ANALYTICAL MODEL RELEVANT TO OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION IS PROPOSED. THE MODEL EMPLOYS SEVERAL INDEPENDENT VARIABLES WHICH INFLUENCE PROPERTY VALUES, SUCH AS AREA POPULATION, NUMBER OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, NUMBER OF SINGLE-FAMILY DWELLINGS, NUMBER OF SUBSTANDARD DWELLINGS, MEDIAN NUMBER OF ROOMS PER UNIT, NONWHITE POPULATION, PERSONS PER ROOM, AND MEDIAN INCOME. THESE VARIABLES WERE ASSESSED IN RANDOM SAMPLES COLLECTED BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE SPECIFIC HIGH- NOISE CORRIDORS IDENTIFIED BY EARLIER REPORTS. LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS WAS EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF EACH VARIABLE ON THE AVERAGE PROPERTY VALUE. THE EFFECT OF NOISE WAS INTEGRATED INTO THE EQUATION BY INCLUDING AN ADDITIONAL VARIABLE TO MEASURE THE "NOISE EXPOSURE FORECAST" LEVELS. ONCE THE MODEL HAD BEEN CORRECTED TO CONTROL "MULTICOLLINEARITY" (I.E., THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF TWO OR MORE VARIABLES), IT PERFORMED EFFECTIVELY. RESULTS TENDED TO SUPPORT THE TWO INITIAL HYPOTHESES, DEMONSTRATING THAT NOISE DID EXERT A NEGATIVE INFLUENCE ON PROPERTY VALUES AND THAT THESE EFFECTS WERE MORE PRONOUNCED IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS. /UMTA/ KW - Aircraft noise KW - Appraisals KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise KW - Present value KW - Properties of materials KW - Residential areas KW - Transportation KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239532 AU - Metro Studies Washington Center TI - COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT PY - 1970 AB - THE REPORT IS A LITERATURE SURVEY OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS. ALTHOUGH THE EXISTENCE OF A METROPOLITAN PLANNING BODY IS FREQUENTLY A PREREQUISITE FOR FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AID, THE VARYING CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THESE AGENCIES OPERATE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THEIR IMPACT, THAT IS, THE DEGREE TO WHICH PLANNING BODIES CAN CONTROL OR INFLUENCE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF THE METROPOLIS. THE REPORT BEGINS WITH A GENERAL ANALYSIS OF FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES AND CONCEPTS IN METROPOLITAN PLANNING, SUCH AS ITS EVOLUTION FROM CITY PLANNING, NONPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANNING AND POLITICS, AND PLANNING AS A PROCESS. A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE HISTORIAL EVOLUTION OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING FOLLOWS DEVELOPMENTS THROUGH THE NEW DEAL ERA AND POST WORLD WAR II, CULMINATING WITH EVENTS OF THE LAST DECADE. THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL POLICY ON THE PLANNING PROCESS IS A SUBJECT OF MAJOR CONCERN. THE AUTHORS EXAMINE "BENCHMARKS" IN THE GROWTH OF FEDERAL POLICY AND ANALYZE MORE THAN A DOZEN MAJOR PIECES OF FEDERAL LEGISLATION IN THE AREAS OF HOUSING, HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION, MODEL CITIES, AND MASS TRANSPORTATION. FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR URBAN PLANNING ARE A FOCAL ASPECT OF THIS ANALYSIS. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS IN METROPOLITAN PLANNING ARE EXAMINED THROUGH METROPOLITAN PLANNING COMMISSIONS, COUNCILS OF GOVERNMENT, AND THE ROLE OF THE STATES IN METROPOLITAN PLANNING. THE POLITICAL ASPECTS OF COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING ARE TREATED WITH REFERENCE TO POWER DISTRIBUTION IN THE METROPOLIS; POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN URBAN GOVERNMENT; THE CLASH BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL INTERESTS AND COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING OBJECTIVES IN LAND USE, HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION, AND SOCIAL SERVICES; AND STRATEGIES OF PLANNING WHICH EMPLOY INFORMATION OUTPUT, MONOPOLY OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, AND INTEGRATION OF THE METROPOLITAN LEADERSHIP. FINALLY TRENDS ARE ASSESSED AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE FEDERAL POLICY ARE MADE. /UMTA/ KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Governments KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Planning KW - Regional government KW - Regional planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241577 AU - Wiegand, C AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - THE NEW TOWN AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING-GENERAL OVERVIEW WITH A CASE STUDY OF COLUMBIA, MARYLAND PY - 1970 AB - INITIALLY, THE NEW TOWN WAS GENERALLY ASSESSED AS TO THE POSSIBLE ADVANTAGES IT OFFERS OVER EXISTING URBANIZED AREAS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, AND IN THE TESTING OF NEW TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. FOLLOWING THIS, A CASE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED ON THE DEVELOPING NEW TOWN OF COLUMBIA, MARYLAND. THE MOST IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOLLOW. (1) THE NEW TOWN AS A THEORETICAL CONSTRUCT HAS CERTAIN ADVANTAGES OVER EXISTING URBANIZED AREAS FOR THE TESTING OF NEW TRANSIT TECHNOLOGIES DUE TO THE GREATER OPPORTUNITY IT PRESENTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FULL TRANSPORTATION "SYSTEM" AND THE COMPLETE FLEXIBILITY IT OFFERS IN ARRANGING LAND USES TO CONTROL TRIP GENERATION AND TRANSPORTATION DEMAND. (2) NEW TOWNS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ARE INAPPROPRIATE AS TESTING GOUNDS FOR NEW INNOVATIONS IN PUBLIC TRANSIT AS RESIDENTS BEING ATTRACTED TO THESE AREAS HAVE HISTORICALLY SHOWN HEAVY RELIANCE ON THE AUTO OVER PUBLIC TRANSIT FOR MOBILITY. (3) FUTURE DOT PROJECTS SHOULD BE CONSOLIDATED IN A FEW CENTRAL AREAS, BOTH TO PROVIDE COMPLETE "SHOWCASES" OF ALL THE LATEST TRANSIT TECHNOLOGIES AND TO GIVE APPROPRIATE TESTS FOR THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN FULLY MODERN ENVIRONMENTS UTILIZING THE LATEST COMPLEMENTARY INNOVATIONS IN ALL MODES OF TRANSPORTATION. THE FLEXIBILITY OF LAND USE PATTERNS IN NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENTS MAY MAKE THEM THE BEST LOCATIONS FOR THESE CENTRALIZED TRANSIT PROTOTYPE SITES. (4) A REEVALUATION OF CURRENT FUNDING FORMULAS FOR FEDERAL FUNDING ASSISTANCE IN TRANSPORTATION STUDIES CONDUCTED IN NEW TOWNS IN ORDER TO BETTER ACCOMMODATE THE PECULIARITIES OF NEW TOWN FINANCIAL NEEDS AND EARLY GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS. (5) THE EXHAUSTIVE AND SYSTEMATIC TRANSPORTATION STUDIES BEING UNDERTAKEN BY COLUMBIA PLANNERS ARE RESULTING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED LAND USE PLAN AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK FAR SUPERIOR TO ANYTHING CURRENTLY BEING CONSTRUCTED IN TYPICAL SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENTS IN TERMS OF SAFETY MOBILITY, AND ENVIRONMENNTAL QUALITY. (6) THE RELATIVELY AFFLUENT AND AUTO-ORIENTED CHARACTER OF COLUMBIA'S EARLY RESIDENTS COUPLED WITH THE LACK OF MAJOR DESTINATIONS DURING THE EARLY GROWTH STAGES, HAS MADE ATTEMPTS AT BUILDING RIDERSHIP ON PUBLIC TRANSIT IN COLUMBIA DIFFICULT AND ONLY MARGINALLY SUCCESSFUL THUS FAR. (7) THE INTERNAL STREET AND HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN COLUMBIA MAY PROVE TO BE OF SUCH A SUPERIOR DESIGN AS TO PROVIDE RUINOUS COMPETITION TO CURRENT PROPOSALS FOR AN EXTENSIVE PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM TO SERVE COLUMBIA RESIDENTS. (8) THE ONGOING TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM IN COLUMBIA IS FOLLOWING AN APPROACH IN WHICH AMBITIOUS LEVELS OF TRANSIT SERVICE ARE PROVIDED INITIALLY, FOLLOWED BY LATER REDUCTIONS IN SERVICE, EITHER IN RESPONSE TO LIMITED DEMAND OR FOR TESTING PURPOSES. A REVERSE POLICY OF INTRODUCING LOWER LEVELS OF SERVICE FIRST, FOLLOWED BY GRADUAL IMPROVEMENTS TO THIS SERVICE THEREAFTER, MAY BE A BETTER METHOD OF BOTH INCREASING RIDERSHIP AND PROMOTING COLUMBIA'S TRANSIT IMAGE. (9) AN EXPANDED PROMOTIONAL AND INFORMATION PROGRAM IS NEEDED TO STIMULATE PUBLIC TRANSIT USAGE IN COLUMBIA. (10) THE BUS STOP SHELTERS IN COLUMBIA SHOULD BE IMPROVED TO PROVIDE MORE PROTECTION TO TRANSIT RIDERS AND THUS POSSIBLE INDUCE MORE RIDERSHIP DURING INCLEMENT WEATHER. /UMTA/ KW - Case studies KW - New towns KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240146 AU - Opportunities Development Corp TI - JOTT-JOB OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH TRANSPORTATION PROJECT PY - 1969/12/31 AB - THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT JOTT (JOB OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH TRANSPORTATION) WAS TO EXPLORE THE QUESTION OF HOW TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES CAN BE APPLIED TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT IN DISTRESSED URBAN AREAS OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK. AN EMPIRICAL TRANSPORTATION CAPABILITY APPROACH WAS USED WITH FLEXIBILITY TO ADJUST ROUTES AND SCHEDULES AS NECESSARY AND THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE OBJECTIVES AND RESULTS. THE REPORT CONTAINS A REVIEW OF SEVERAL COMPANIES AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN FILLING VACANCIES. THE NIAGARA FRONTIER TRANSIT STRIKE OCCURRED DURING THE STUDY ON AUGUST 1, 1969 AND AS A RESULT, THIS REPORT EXAMINES THE EFFECTS OF THE STRIKE BY CONDUCTING A SURVEY. THE REPORT CONTAINES A LIST OF COMPANIES VISITED BY JOTT REPRESENTATIVES, THE NAMES OF REFERRALS MADE FOR THE NEW INTERVIEW BUSES WITH PAY SCALES AND ACTUAL PERSONS HIRED, AND ALSO THE JOB DEVELOPMENTS OF AGENCIES. A LIST OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR VARIOUS AGENCIES DEPICTING THE BUS NUMBER, TOTAL OPERATIONAL HOURS, TOTAL MILES AND NUMBER OF PASSENGERS ARE PROVIDED, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS ARE PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Advertising KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00223933 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology TI - PROJECT CARS, VEHICLE SPECIFICATION LOT 1 PY - 1969/12/19 AB - THE REPORT OUTLINES IN DETAIL THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEHICLES TO BE USED IN A DEMONSTRATION OF DIAL-A-RIDE, A DEMAND-RESPONSIVE, POINT-TO-POINT BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE ANALYSIS COVERS ALL RELEVANT ASPECTS OF VEHICLE PERFORMANCE, DESIGN, ACCESSORIES, AND CAPACITY, ALTHOUGH NEITHER THE DERIVATION OF SUCH SPECIFICATIONS NOR THEIR AVAILABILITY ON VEHICLES CURRENTLY MARKETED IS DISCUSSED. ECONOMIC FACTORS AND EQUIPMENT COSTS ARE NOT DELINEATED. THE SPECIFICATIONS COVER 16 SPECIFIC TOPICS, INCLUDING: INTERIOR CONFIGURATION, EXTERIOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, SAFETY, BRAKING, STEERING, HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING, PERFORMANCE, PROPULSION, RUNNING GEAR, ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS, INSTRUMENTATION, INTERIOR DECORATION, EXTERIOR DECORATION, AND REFERENCES. ALL PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS WERE DEVELOPED TO CONFORM WITH EXISTING FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Paratransit services KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/114688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226479 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - THE APPLICABILITY OF DATA COMPRESSION SCHEMES TO URBAN LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS PY - 1969/12 AB - ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR DATA COMPRESSION WHICH COULD BE EMPLOYED BY LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS TO REDUCE BANDWITTH REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIO TRAMSMISSION ARE EXAMINED. THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT SELECTION OF A DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE FIRST REQUIRES THE DELINEATION OF INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AND DEFINITION OF DESIRED TOLERANCE LEVELS FOR DATA SCOPE AND FLOW. LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS WOULD BE USED BY URBAN BUS SYSTEMS FOR SCHEDULE MAINTENANCE AND LOCATING VEHICLES IN EMERGENCY OR EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTION SITUATIONS TO DISPATCH ASSISTANCE AS NEEDED. DATA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES ARE DETAILED WITHIN TWO GENERIC CONCEPTS: (1) METHODS TO REDUCE INFORMATION VOLUME; AND (2) TIME SHARING. TECHINQUES TO REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF DATA WHICH MUST BE TRANSMITTED ARE EXAMINED ASSUMING THE EVENTUAL SYSTEM WILL NOT RELY UPON VOICE COMMUNICATIONS. TWO ALTERNATIVES ARE CONSIDERED IN WHICH ONLY CHANGES IN CERTAIN OPERATIONAL VARIABLES ARE TRANSMITTED. SUCH CHANGES COULD CORRELATE EITHER WITH PRECEDING INPUTS OR WITH PREDICTIONS. IN THE LATTER CASE, THE SYSTEM WOULD ESTIMATE VEHICLE PERFORMANCE, AND DSPLAY ONLY THOSE TRANSMISSIONS WHICH DEVIATE FROM THE PROJECTIONS. SEVERAL CODING METHODS FOR DATA COMPRESSION ARE ALSO DISCUSSED, SUCH AS THE "TEN-CODE" USED IN VOICE COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN POLICE UNITS AND DISPATCHERS. MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES USED TO PREDICT VEHICLE PERFORMANCE ARE EMPLOYED TO REDUCE DATA REQUIREMENTS TO THOSE WHICH INDICATE DEVIATIONS FROM THE PREDICTIONS. SEVERAL INTERPOLATION COMPRESSORS AND SAMPLING METHODS ARE ANALYZED WITH REFERENCE TO BANDWITH UTILIZATION. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bandwidth KW - Bus transportation KW - Coding systems KW - Communication systems KW - Data compression KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Radio KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00044203 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - THE APPLICABILITY OF DATA COMPRESSION SCHEMES TO URBAN LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS PY - 1969/12 AB - Alternative techniques for data compression which could be employed by location and communications systems to reduce bandwith requirements for radio transmission are examined. The authors note that selection of a data compression technique first requires the delineation of information requirements and definition of desired tolerance levels for data scope and flow. Data compression techniques are detailed within two generic concepts: (1) methods to reduce information volume; and (2) time sharing. Techniques to reduce the amount of data which must be transmitted are examined assuming the eventual system will not rely upon voice communications. Two alternatives are considered in which only changes in certain operational variables are transmitted. Such changes could correlate either with preceding inputs or with predictions. In the latter case, the system would estimate vehicle performance, and display only those transmissions which deviate from the projections. Several coding methods for data compression are also discussed, such as the "ten-code" used in voice communications between police units and dispatchers. Mathematical techniques used to predict vehicle performance are employed to reduce data requirements to those which indicate deviations from the predictions. Several interpolation compressors and sampling methods are analyzed with reference to bandwith utilization. KW - Data communications KW - Data compression KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/11006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228255 AU - Smith, Wilbur & Associates TI - LANCASTER MASS TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1969/12 AB - THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT THE CONTINUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN LANCASTER SHOULD BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH PRESERVATION OF PRIVATE OWNERSHIP AND THROUGH PUBLIC SUBSIDY OF ALL OR PART OF THE FIXED-ROUTE OPERATING LOSSES OF CONESTOGA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY (C.T.C.). IN ADDITION, LANCASTER COUNTY AND CITY SHOULD COMBINE THEIR RESOURCES TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. A REGULATORY BUS TRANSIT COMMISSSION OR AUTHORITY TO REGULATE AND ASSIST THE PRIVATE OPERATOR(S) IN VARIOUS MATTERS SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED BY THE CITY/COUNTY. THE PURCHASE BY PUBLIC AGENCIES AND LEASE TO CONESTOGA TRANSPORTATION COMPANY OF 32 NEW 31-33 PASSENGER, AIR-CONDITIONED, RADIO-EQUIPPED BUSES FOR USE IN FIXED-ROUTE, SCHEDULED SERVICE IS RECOMMENDED TO ENSURE AND MAXIMIZE THE IMPROVED PUBLIC IMAGE OF TRANSIT. THE 32 BUSES SHOULD BE PURCHAED AND DELIVERED WITHIN A MAXIMUM TIME SAPN OF 2 YEARS. THE FUTURE TRANSPORTATION NETWORK MAY VERY WELL ENCOMPASS PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES, MONORAILS, BUSES, TAXICABS, AND AIRCRAFT, WITH VARYING DEGREES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION. EARLY CITY/COUNTY ESTABLISHMENT OF AN UMBRELLA-TYPE TRANSPORTATION AGENCY IS SUGGESTED; THE AGENCY WOULD PROMOTE A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM THROUGHTOUT LANCASTER COUNTY AND WOULD ASSURE REGIONAL PLANNING FOR MULTI-MODAL, PRIVATE AND PUBLIC INTEGRATED TRANSPORTATION. /UMTA/ KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economics KW - Governments KW - Management KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118874 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239476 AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg TI - THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT GAME (MAINTENANCE) -- TECHNICAL REPORT PHASE IR: INSTRUCTIONS FOR PARTICIPANTS. THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT GAME (MAINTENANCE) -- TECHNICAL REPORT PHASE IB: ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL PY - 1969/12 AB - THE URBAN MASS TRANSIT GAME (MAINTENANCE) IS A COMPUTER-BASED SIMULATION EXERCISE OR MANAGEMENT GAME THAT IS FOCUSED UPON THE MAINTENANCE FUNCTION OF A MUNICIPAL BUS COMPANY. THE GAME PARTICIPANT IS REQUIRED TO MANAGE THIS DEPARTMENT -- TO DIRECT A WORK FORCE TOWARDS THE COMPLETION OF A DAILY SCHEDULE OF WORK REQUIREMENTS. A UNIQUE FEATURE OF THE GAME IS THE INCLUSION OF DISTINCT PEOPLE -- A WORK FORCE OF MECHANICS THAT ASSUMES SEPARATE AND DIVERSE IDENTITIES. THA PHASE IA REPORT INCLUDES A BRIEF IDENTITIES. THE PHASE IA REPORT INCLUDES A BRIEF GENERALLY, AND THEN TO THEIR APPLICATION IN THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS TO GAME PARTICIPANTS AS WELL AS SOME AUXILIARY CASE PROBLEMS ARE CONTAINED. IN PHASE IB ADDITIONAL PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION AS WELL AS THE SPECIFIC FORTRAN COMPUTER PROGRAM IS INCLUDED. RESULTS OF A PILOT TEST CONDUCTED WITH THE NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY ARE PRESENTED. IN OPERATION, THE GAME REQUIRES A 25-DAY SIMULATION PERIOD AND A COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH FORTRAN IV COMPILER CAPACITY. /UMTA/ KW - Computer programs KW - Game theory KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239460 AU - Howard, Needles, Tammen and Bergendoff TI - KCI RAPID TRANSITWAY - ENGINEERING DESIGN REPORT FORECAST OF PASSENGERS, REVENUE, AND OPERATING COSTS PY - 1969/12 AB - ALL ESTIMATES OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES FOR THE RAPID TRANSITWAY FROM THE CBD TO THE KANSAS CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KCI) ARE EXPRESSED IN 1969 DOLLARS; ALTHOUGH INFLATION MAY MATERIALLY AFFECT ACTUAL COSTS, FARES WILL INCREASE PROPORTIONATELY. THE NUMBER OF POTENTIAL USERS IS A DIRECT FUNCTION OF THE NUMBER OF AIR PASSENGERS AT KCI. TOTAL AIR PASSENGERS FOR KCI WERE TAKEN AS TWO TIMES THE FAA FORECAST OF ENPLANED PASSENGERS; AIR PASSENGER ORIGINS AND DESTINATIONS IN THE AREA WERE PROJECTED TO BE 89% OF THE ENPLANEMENTS AND DEPLANEMENTS, SINCE EXPERIENCE INDICATES THAT ABOUT 11% ARE TRANSFER PASSENGERS AT KANSAS CITY MUNICIPAL AIRPORT. FOR THE PERIODS 12 AM -- 7 AM AND 7 AM -- 12 AM, THE MINIMUM HEADWAYS WERE SET AT 30 AND 15 MINUTES,RESPECTIVELY; TYPICAL PEAK-HOUR HEADWAYS ARE ESTIMATED TO BE 5 MINUTES. THE PRESENT ROUND-TRIP RUNNING TIME IS ESTIMATED TO BE 2 HRS. 10 MIN. DURING BASE AND 2 HRS. 30 MIN. DURING THE PEAK PERIOD; AFTER COMPLETION OF THE TRANSITWAY, THE ROUND-TRIP RUNNING TIME WILL BE REDUCED TO 1 HR 30 MIN. AN ESTIMATED 20 BUSES ARE REQUIRED TO BEGIN SERVICE IN 1971 (PROJECTIONS ARE MADE THROUGH 1990); THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BUSES REQUIRED EACH YEAR INCLUDES THE NUMBER NECESSARY TO HANDLE PEAK DEMAND, PLUS AN ALLOWANCE OF 10 TO 15 PERCENT NORMALLY NEEDED AS SPARE OR STANDBY BUSES. TOTAL ANNUAL MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT COSTS OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS ARE ESTIMATED. THE ESTIMATIONS OF TRANSITWAY BUS PASSENGERS HAVE BEEN DETERMINED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE FARE WILL NOT EXCEED $2.00. IT HAS BEEN ASSUMED FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS REPORT THAT THE CITY OF KANSAS CITY WILL CHARGE A 10 PERCENT FRANCHISE FEE; THEREFORE, THE CORRESPONDING NET FARES (FOR REVENUE COMPUTATIONS) ARE $1.80 AND $2.25. ESTIMATED PASSENGERS FOR A $2.25 FARE HAVE BEEN DECREASED 15 PERCENT. /UMTA/ KW - Access KW - Airports KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Estimates KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241815 AU - Dornfeld, S AU - New York City Transit Authority TI - NEW YORK CITY'S BUS RADIO SYSTEM PY - 1969/12 AB - THE REPORT IS A REPRINT OF A SPEECH DELIVERED BEFORE THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY GROUP IN DECEMBER, 1967. THE SPEECH IS A COMPREHENSIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BUS RADIOS BY THE NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY. ALL TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT ARE DISCUSSED IN DETAIL. THE AUTHOR NOTES SEVERAL DESIGN CRITERIA, AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE IS OUTLINED. AN IMPORTANT DESIGN SPECIFICATION WAS THAT THE SYSTEM SOFTWARE BE BOTH DURABLE AND FLEXIBLE TO PROVIDE FOR LONG-RANGE CHANGES IN THE TRANSIT NETWORK. ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF THE HARDWARE ARE EXAMINED AT LENGTH. IN ADDITION, CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION FOR BUS DRIVERS AND DESIGN OF THE ANTENNAS ARE DISCUSSED. THE OVERALL RADIO COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM INCLUDED MORE THAN 250 HAND-HELD RADIOS FOR USE BY FLEET DISPATCHERS AND YARD CREWS. FINALLY, THE REPORT DESCRIBES POWER DISTRIBUTION, BACK-UP EMERGENCY SYSTEMS, AND EQUIPMENT DESIGNED FOR TRANSIT CONTROL CENTERS. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT APPLICATION OF BUS RADIOS HAS BEEN SUCCESSFUL IN HELPING TO THWART ROBBERIES AND ASSAULTS ABOARD BUSES. IN ADDITION, THE INSTANTANEOUS COMMUNICATIONS HAVE ENABLED DRIVERS TO REPORT CRIMES OCCURRING ALONG THE ROUTE AND TO SUMMON EMERGENCY AID AT ACCIDENT SCENES. FINALLY, HE NOTES THAT BUS RADIOS WILL PROMOTE BETTER MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES, AND WILL PROVIDE ESSENTIAL INFORMATION ON STOPPAGES, DELAYS, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, AND OTHER OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS IN THE FIELD. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Communication systems KW - Crimes KW - Management KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131869 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241883 AU - National League of Cities /US AU - Conference of Mayors /US TI - SUMMER YOUTH TRANSPORTATION PROJECT: A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1969/12 AB - FEDERAL FUNDS WERE DISTRIBUTED BY THE NATIONAL LEAGUE OF CITIES AND U. S. CONFERENCE OF MAYORS TO CITY-APPLICANTS FOR TRANSPORTATION IN SUMMER YOUTH PROGRAMS. FUNDS WERE DISBURSED ON A MATCHING BASIS IN WHICH 25% OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS WERE ASSUMED BY THE RECIPIENT, 75% BY THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT SPONSORS. ALTHOUGH EMPHASIS WAS PLACED ON EMPLOYMENT-RELATED SUMMER PROGRAMS, THE BULK OF THE FUNDS WAS SPENT FOR EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES. THE REPORT IS A COMPILATION OF DATA CONCERNING THE USE OF THE FUNDS (AS SUPPLIED BY THE GRANTEES) AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE FUNDS. DETAILED ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO PROJECT DEVELOPMENT, CITY RESPONSES, LOCAL PLANNING, AND PROJECT ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATION. APPENDICES DOCUMENT STATISTICAL DATA ABOUT GRANTEES AND PROGRAMS FOR WHICH THE FUNDS WERE USED. /UMTA/ KW - Employment KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Transportation KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240150 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - 1969 TRANSIT USE, INTERIM REPORT #1 PY - 1969/12 AB - THE REPORT SUMMARIZES RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE RIDERSHIP SURVEY CONDUCTED AMONG PATRONS OF BUS TRANSIT IN THE MIAMI, FLORIDA, METROPOLITAN AREA. THE AUTHORS NOTE THAT THEIR UNDERTAKING WAS THE MOST EXTENSIVE SURVEY OF AREA BUS RIDERS EVER MADE. THE PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY WAS TO DEVELOP AN AREAWIDE PASSENGER PROFILE FOR USE IN PLANNING A LONG-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT AND EXPANSION PROGEAM THROUGH 1985. ALL PERTINENT STATISTICAL DATA IS OUTLINED IN THE REPORT, SUPPLEMENTED BY GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS WHERE APPROPRIATE. RIDERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS ARE BROKEN DOWN BY: (1) RESIDENT VS. TOURIST PATRONAGE; (2) SEX AND AGE; (3) ANNUAL FAMILY INCOME; (4) AUTO OWNERSHIP; AND (5) AUTO AVAILABILITY. TRIP PATTERNS WERE ALSO ANALYZED ACCORDING TO TRIP GENERATION AND TRAVEL MEANS TO AND FROM THE BUS. THE LATTER INFORMATION WAS EMPLOYED TO DEVELOP A DETAILED PICTURE OF PRESENT TRAVEL CORRIDORS BOTH INTO AND WITHIN THE MIAMI CBD. APPENDED MATERIAL INCLUDES BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF SURVEY METHODOLOGY, SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS (WHICH WERE BI-LINGUAL BECAUSE OF MIAMI'S LARGE SPANISH-SPEAKING POPULATION), RETURN RATES OF QUESTIONNAIRES, CODING PROCEDURES, AND FACTORING ANALYSIS. STATISTICAL BREAKDOWNS OF PASSENGER CHARACTERISTICS BY ROUTE ARE ALSO APPENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Gender KW - Modal split KW - Private transportation KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Recreational facilities KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation corridors KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239498 AU - Coverdale and Colpitts TI - REGIONAL BUS TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN-VOLUME II: OPERATING PLAN AND ESTIMATED FINANCIAL RESULTS OF UNIFIED SYSTEMS PY - 1969/12 AB - THIS REPORT CONTAINS A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF AN OPERATING PLAN FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL BUS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, UNDER SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION, OVER THE PERIOD 1970-1980. ESTIMATES OF THE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE AUTHORITY ARE PRESENTED AND INCLUDE: (1) THE INITIAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, EXCLUSIVE OF THE AMOUNT NEEDED TO ACQUIRE THE UNDERLYING SYSTEMS; (2) RECURRING REQUIREMENTS, UPON WHICH AN ORDERLY ANNUAL PROGRAM FOR RENEWAL OR REPLACEMENT OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT CAN BE BASED; AND (3) ESTIMATES OF ANNUAL MAINTENANCE AND OPERATING EXPENSE. THE COST OF THE ANNUAL REPLACEMENT PROGRAM HAS BEEN COMBINED WITH ANNUAL MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION EXPENSE TO ARRIVE AT THE ESTIMATES OF THE AUTHORITY'S ANNUAL FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS. THE FARE STRUCTURE HAS BEEN CALCULATED TO MEET THESE REQUIREMENTS, ASSUMING THAT FUTURE PASSENGER VOLUMES ARE AT LEAST EQUAL TO THE CURRENT LEVEL OF PATRONAGE. THE CURRENT AVERAGE FARE PER REVENUE PASSENGER ON SCHEDULED ROUTES IS APPROXIMATELY 30.5 CENTS. IN ORDER TO MEET THE ANNUAL CASH REQUIREMENT IN THE YEAR 1980 FROM THE FAREBOX, THE AVERAGE FARE WOULD HAVE TO BE 48.64 CENTS. THIS IS AN INCREASE OVER THE 11-YEAR PERIOD OF APPROXIMATELY 56 PERCENT. /UMTA/ KW - Budgeting KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00228285 AU - Mccormic, W T AU - Deutsch, S B AU - MARTIN, J J AU - Schweitzer, P J AU - National Urban Coalition TI - IDENTIFICATION OF DATA STRUCTURES AND RELATIONSHIPS BY MATRIX REORDERING TECHNIQUES PY - 1969/12 AB - THIS RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF A STUDY CONDUCTED TO DEVELOP ALOGIRTHMS FOR ORDERING AND ORGANIZING DATA THAT CAN BE PRESENTED IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATRIX FORM. THE ONLY RESTRICTION IMPOSED ON THE ANALYSIS WAS THAT THE ROWS AND COLUMNS OF THE RAW INPUT DATA MATRICES COULD ONLY BE REORDERED, THUS PREVENTING THE CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL COEFFICIENTS OR LOSS OF ESSENTIAL INPUT INFORMATION. THIS STUDY DEVELOPS METHODS TO EXTRACT LATENT DATA PATTERNS, GROUPINGS, AND STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP WHICH ARE NOT APPARENT FROM THE RAW MATRIX DATA. THREE DISTINCT ALGORITHMS WERE DEVELOPED AND PRESENTED IN DETAIL. THE FIRST, THE BOND ENERGY ALGORITHM, IS CAPABLE OF IDENTIFYING AND DISPLAYING NATURAL GROUPS AND CLUSTERS THAT OCCUR IN COMPLEX DATA MATRICES. THE SECOND METHOD IS THE MOMENT ORDERING ALGORITHM, WHOSE PURPOSE IS TO IDENTIFY THE SINGLE DOMINANT RELATIONSHIP IN AN ARRAY OF DATA, AND TO REORDER THE ROWS AND COLUMNS OF THE ARRAY TO PRODUCE A RANKING UNDER THIS DOMINANT RELATIONSHIP. THE MOMENT COMPRESSION ALGORITHM IS DESIGNED TO IDENTIFY NATURAL GROUPS AND CLUSTERS OF ENTITIES BY FACTORING THE DATA RELATIONSHIP MATRIX INTO A NUMBER OF PIECES. THE AUTHORS CONCLUDED THAT THE BOND ENERGY ALGORITHM PROVED TO BE THE MOST GENERALLY USEFUL AND VERSATILE OF THE THREE ALGORITHMS FOR TREATING CERTAIN PROBLEMS OF MULTI-VARIATE ANALYSIS, WHILE THE MOMENT ORDERING ALGORITHM IS AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR UNCOVERING AND DISPLAYING A UNIVARIATE RELATIONSHIP INHERENT IN THE DATA. IT IS A FAST AND DIRECT METHOD FOR UNCOVERING THE PRINCIPAL AXIS OF A DATA STRUCTURE. THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ALGORITHM WAS FOUND TO BE IN DIRECT PROPORTION TO ITS ULTIMATE SUCCESS IN IDENTIFYING A PRINCIPAL AXIS. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programming KW - Information processing KW - Quantitative analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/118904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240159 AU - Kamrass, M AU - Crane, J R AU - HUGHES, P AU - Parker, E AU - National Urban Coalition TI - CONCEPTS FOR EVALUATING CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM AND PROJECTS PY - 1969/12 AB - AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO DEVELOP A SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS IN CENTER CITY AREAS. SINCE THE PRESENT CENTER CITY PROGRAM WILL INVOLVE A NUMBER OF PROJECTS IN DIFFERENT CITIES AT DIFFERENT TIMES, THE EVALUATION METHODOLOGY MUST BE DESIGNED SO AS TO PROVIDE A PERSPECTIVE ON ALL PROBLEMS RELATED TO URBAN TRANSPORTATION. IT SHOULD ALSO ACCEPT NEW INPUTS AND REFINEMENTS THAT REFLECT NEW INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING. THE BASIC TOOLS FOR EVALUATION ARE TRADEOFFS. THE CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM PRESENTS A MULTIPLE-LEVEL SET OF TRADEOFFS, SINCE NO ONE SYSTEM IS LIKELY TO BE CAPABLE OF ANSWERING ALL THE RECOGNIZED PROBLEMS. THE AUTHORS FIND A MODIFIED COST-BENEFIT FRAMEWORK TO BE THE MOST APPROPRIATE EVALUATION METHOD FOR CENTER CITY SYSTEMS. WITH THIS METHOD, THE COSTS AND BENEFITS FOR DIFFERENT PROJECTS ARE REDUCED TO A SINGLE MEASURE, FOR EXAMPLE DOLLARS, AND THE NET SUM IS THEN DETERMINED. THE NECESSARY MODIFICATIONS WOULD INCLUDE THE SELECTION OF A SET OF GOALS FOR THE SYSTEM, A DIVISION OF THE COMMUNITY INTO SPECIFIC BENEFICIARIES, AND A SET OF MEASURES TO REPRESENT THE BENEFITS AND COSTS AS RECEIVED OR PERCEIVED BY EACH BENEFICIARY. THE INTENTION IS TO DEVELOP AND PRESENT THE KINDS OF INFORMATION THAT WILL ENABLE AN EVALUATOR TO SEE THE TRADEOFFS THAT ARE AVAILABLE IN MAKING VARIOUS DECISIONS. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Evaluation KW - Inner cities KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00240147 AU - COLE, E AU - PRICE, L AU - Opportunities Development Corp TI - TRANSPORTATION STRIKE EFFECTS ON JOTT RIDERS FACTORS, IMPLICATIONS, AND INDICATIONS FOR FUTURE PROGRAMS PY - 1969/12 AB - THIS PAPER DESCRIBES HOW JOB OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH TRANSPORTATION (JOTT) RIDERS WERE AFFECTED BY THE TRANSIT STRIKE IN BUFFALO, NEW YORK. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS: (1) TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS RELATED TO THE FEASIBILITY, SPEED, AND GENERAL ASSIMILATION OF JOTT RIDERS INTO THE WORK FORCE BY CAR POOL, PRIVATE CAR OWNERSHIP, AND/OR OTHER TRANSPORTATION SERVICE; (2) TO DETERMINE IF JOTT RIDERS EXHIBITED ANY DIFFERENCES IN THEIR ABSENCE AND LATENESS PATTERNS DURING THE STRIKE; AND (3) TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN JOTT RIDERS, THEIR CO-WORKERS, AND SUPERVISORS. THE AUTHORS FOUND THAT IN-PLANT CAR POOL RIDERS REPORT THE LONGEST JOB TENURES, AND THAT LONGER TENURE ALSO TENDS TO CORRESPOND WITH RIDERS HAVING TO MAKE THE LEAST NUMBER OF TRANSPORTATION ARRANGEMENTS. ABSENTEEISM AND LATENESS REPORTS REFLECTED A WORSENING TREND DURING THE STRIKE, AND EMPLOYEES WITH THE BEST LATENESS AND ABSENTEE RECORDS TENDED TO LIKE MOST THE POSITIVE ATTITUDES OF IMMEDIATE SUPERVISORS AND CO-WORKERS. IN VIEW OF THE PREDICTABILITY OF ATTRITION, COUPLED WITH EMPLOYMENT SITE INFORMATION THE RESEARCHERS RECOMMEND THAT JITNEY SERVICE WOULD BE A MORE ADEQUATE AND LESS COSTLY WAY TO PROVIDE TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN INNER-CITY PICK-UP POINTS AND SUBURBAN WORK SITES, WHERE STABLE WORK PATTERNS CAN BE ANTICIPATED. PRIVATE CAR SERVICES WOULD BE MORE FLEXIBLE AND LESS COSTLY FOR PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION TO INNER-CITY PERSONS WORKING AT SUBURBAN SITES WHERE SEASONAL EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS CAN BE ANTICIPATED. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Inner cities KW - Labor relations KW - Modal split KW - Personnel KW - Private transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241977 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - EUGENE-SPRINGFIELD TRANSIT STUDY REPORT PY - 1969/12 AB - THE AREA IS CURRENTLY SERVED BY THE EMERALD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, INC. (ETS), A SMALL, PRIVATELY OWNED BUS SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM CARRIES APPROXIMATELY 2200 PASSENGERS EACH WEEKDAY (1965 SURVEY DATA) WITH ONLY THE VERY MINIMUM OFFERED IN STANDARDS OF SERVICE. DUE TO THE EXPECTED GROWTH IN THE URBAN AREA, INCREASED UNIVERSITY-COLLEGE ACTIVITIES AND NEW INDUSTRIES, MORE PEOPLE ARE INTERESTED IN SUPPORTING LOCAL GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL AID FOR THE ETS TO ESTABLISH A MORE ADEQUATE MUNICIPAL TRANSIT DEPARTMENT. AN IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IS DESCRIBED AND LISTS A LOGICAL SEQUENCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SYSTEM: (1) PUBLIC ACQUISITION OF THE ASSETS OF THE PRESENT COMPANY; (2) ACQUISITION OF A MODERN VEHICLE FLEET; (3) BUILDING AND EQUIPPING OF A NEW BUS GARAGE; (4) RESTRUCTURING OF ROUTES AND EXAPNSION OF SERVICE; (5) MARKING OF BUS STOPS AND PROVISION OF MANAGEMENT AND STAFF TRAINING; (7) DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF A NEW TRANSIT IMAGE; (8) PLANNING AND DEMONSTRATION OF NEW SERVICES; AND (9) ADDITION OF NEW EQUIPMENT - FARE BOXES, RADIOS, ETC. FINANCIAL PROSPECTS ARE REVIEWED, AND THE FIRST AND SECOND YEARS' OPERATING COSTS AND EARNED REVENUES ARE ESTIMATED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THERE IS SUFFICIENT RIDING POTENTIAL TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO APPROACH A BREAK-EVEN SITUATION. /UMTA/ KW - Acquisition KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Demographics KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Fare collection KW - Garages KW - Management KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Property acquisition KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226482 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AVAILABILITY PY - 1969/12 AB - THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM IS EXAMINED TO DETERMINE WHICH RADIO FREQUENCY BANDS MIGHT BE AVAILABLE FOR USE BY AN URBAN VEHICLE LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM. THESE SYSTEMS ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT TO PROVIDE INSTANTANEOUS MONITORING OF FLEET OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN AREA. THEY EMPLOY AUTOMATIC DATA TRANSMISSION AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN VEHICLES AND A CONTROL CENTER USING CONVENTIONAL RADIO FREQUENCIES. THE ENTIRE AVAILABLE SPECTRUM IS ANALYZED WITH REFERENCE TO FREQUENCY CATEGORIES, THE RESPECTIVE SERVICES ALLOCATED TO THEM (PRINCIPALLY MARINE COMMUNICATIONS AND A AIRCRAFT RADIONAVIGATION), SHARED PERCENTAGE, AND EQUIPMENT COMMONLY USED. BANDS PRESENTLY ASSIGNED TO COMMUNICATION SERVICES CANNOT BE USED BY AN L/C SYSTEM BECAUSE OF OVERCROWDING AND POTENTIAL INTERFERENCE. THE AVAILABILITY OF FREQUENCIES IN THE 400-1525 MHZ RANGE WHICH ARE CURRENTLY ALLOCATED TO RADIONAVIGATION SERVICES IS DISCUSSED. THESE SERVICES INCLUDE EXISTING LAND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS WHICH COMPRISE APPROXIMATELY 1/3 OF THE TRANSMITTERS AUTHORIZED TO DATE. A NARROW REGION BETWEEN 450 AND 470 MHZ IS THE ONLY ONE AVAILABLE FOR NON-GOVERNMENT MOBILE SERVICES. ALTHOUGH A LIKELY CHOICE FOR USE BY L/C SYSTEMS AND ATTRACTIVE FOR APPLICATIONS OF EXISTING HARDWARE, IT IS RAPIDLY BECOMING OVERCROWDED. HEARINGS CONDUCTED BY RESPONSIBLE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND RELEVANT DOCKETS OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION PERTAINING TO THE REALLOCATION OF THIS RANGE FOR MOBILE AND OTHER USERS ARE DESCRIBED. THE REPORT INVESTIGATES THE APPLICABILITY OF SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE SERVICE ALLOCATIONS TO DETERMINE WHETHER L/C OPERATIONS COULD QUALIFY. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Communication systems KW - Equipment KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Governmental processes KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Politics KW - Radio KW - Radio transmitters KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242127 AU - Freck, P G AU - Minichiello, L P AU - Thornton, R E AU - White, T W AU - National Urban Coalition TI - INTRA-AIRPORT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: AN EXAMINATION OF TECHNOLOGY AND EVALUATION METHODOLOGY PY - 1969/12 AB - THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE AND BAGGAGE WITHIN AN AIRPORT ARE ONES OF CONGESTION, LONG WAITING TIMES, AND LONG WALKING DISTANCES. THESE RESULT FROM AN INCREASINGLY HEAVY, BUT UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED, DEMAND FOR AIR TRAVEL, AND INADEQUATE AND SPRAWLING FACILITIES. THERE IS GENERAL AGREEMENT AMONG AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELD OF COMMERCIAL AVIATION THAT UNLESS NEW AND IMAGINATIVE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM ARE FOUND, THE SITUATION WILL GET WORSE. AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS CAN BE GROUPED INTO THREE CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM. IN CATEGORY 1, ARE SYSTEMS WITH HEADWAYS OF SEVERAL TIMES THE MINIMUM SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE. AUTOMATIC SWITCHES FOR THESE SYSTEMS MAY BE LOCATED IN THE GUIDEWAY AND REQUIRE SEVERAL SECONDS FOR ONE SWITCHING OPERATION. THE TRANSPORTATION DEMANDS OF MOST AIRPORTS CAN BE MET BY CATEGORY 1 AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS WITH CARS OF MEDIUM CAPACITY (20 PASSENGERS) OPERATING IN TRAINS. BECAUSE THE GUIDANCE AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IS AVAILABLE NOW AND HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED FOR THE BART SYSTEM, THE ONLY MAJOR NEW TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT REQUIRED IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SWITCH. IN CATEGORY 2, ARE SYSTEMS WHICH HAVE HEADWAYS OF SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN ONE SAFE STOPPING DISTANCE; AND WHICH REQUIRE A FAST-ACTING SWITCH LOCATED ON-BOARD THE VEHICLE. FOR ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES, THE FREQUENTLY PROPOSED SMALL CAR (APPROXIMATELY SIX PASSENGERS), DEMAND-ACTIVATED SYSTEMS MUST OPERATE AS DO CATEGORY 2 SYSTEMS TO MEET AIRPORT REQUIREMENTS. EVEN THEN, THEY ARE ABLE TO MEET ONLY THE INTRATERMINAL MOVEMENT REQUIREMENT, ALTHOUGH IT IS APPARENT THAT THE OPTION OF OPERATING IN SINGLE UNITS OR IN MULTIPLE CAR TRAINS WOULD GREATLY EXPAND THEIR CAPACITY RANGE. ALTHOUGH CATEGORY 3 SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR AIRPORT APPLICATIONS, THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND SAFETY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM INDICATE THAT INTRODUCTION OF SUCH ADVANCED FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION IS YEARS AWAY. /UMTA/ KW - Airport capacity KW - Airport congestion KW - Airports KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Control systems KW - Demand activated transit systems KW - Ground transportation KW - Headway control systems KW - Headways KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intra airport transit KW - Landside capacity KW - Stopping distances KW - Terminal facilitation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226481 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - DYNAMIC DIRECTION FOR VEHICLE OPERATIONS PY - 1969/12 AB - GENERAL FUNCTIONS, ELEMENTS, AND UTILITIES OF A VEHICLE LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR APPLICATION IN THE MONITORING OF URBAN FLEET OPERATIONS ARE OUTLINED. THE SYSTEM PROVIDES THOSE IN CONTROL OF FLEET OPERATIONS WITH AN INSTANTANEOUS STATUS PROFILE OF THEIR VEHICLES IN THE FIELD. TRANSIT MANAGERS CAN BETTER ALLOCATE EQUIPMENT AND MANPOWER BY HAVING A COMPLETE PICTURE OF VEHICLE AND DRIVER PERFORMANCE, LOCATION, AND DETAILED INFORMATION ON IMMEDIATE DEMANDS, WEATHER AND ROAD CONDITIONS, TRAFFIC FLOW, AND OTHER OPERATIONAL FACTORS. THE MAINTENANCE FUNCTION CAN PROVIDE PROMPT INFORMATION ON BREAKDOWNS BY TYPE AND THE NEED FOR REPAIR OF VEHICLES IN THE FIELD. FINALLY, THE SYSTEM CAN PROVIDE INCREASED SAFETY BY ALERTING FLEET MANAGERS TO ACCIDENTS AND OTHER EMERGENCIES. SYSTEM ELEMENTS ARE DISCUSSED BRIEFLY WITH REFERENCE TO DETECTORS, ON-BOARD RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, AND THE BASE STATION WHICH INCLUDES A CENTRAL COMPUTER, ANALYTICAL STAFF, AND A COMMAND AND CONTROL LOCATION DISPLAY. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bus transportation KW - Communication systems KW - Location KW - Logistics KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Radio KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226480 AU - IIT Research Institute TI - METHODS FOR EVALUATING PROPOSED URBAN LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS PY - 1969/12 AB - A METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING PROPOSED LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES OPERATING IN AN URBAN SITUATION IS DEVELOPED. LOCATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS GENERALLY EMPLOY RADIO TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT WHICH PERMIT A CENTRAL DISPATCHER TO RECEIVE INSTANTANEOUS STATUS INFORMATION FROM FLEET OPERATIONS IN THE FIELD. FOUR BASIC CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION ARE (1) LOCATION, PERFORMANCE, NUMBER OF VEHICLES HANDLED, RATE OF UPDATE, ACCURACY, AND ABILITY TO LOCATE BOTH ROUTED AND RANDOM VEHICLES; (2) COMMUNICATIONS PERFORMANCE (AMOUNT OF INFORMATION TRANSMITTED, RATE OF HANDLING INFORMATION, AND RATE OF ERROR); (3) RADIO FREQUENCY PERFORMANCE SPECTRUM LOCATION, BANDWIDTH, MODULATION TECYNIQUE, AND POWER REQUIREMENTS; AND (4) PROGRAMMATIC PERFORMANCE WITH REFERENCE TO SCHEDULES, COSTS, AND ACCEPTABILITY. THE REPORT ALSO ADVANCES A PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. ONE ALTERNATIVE WOULD EMPLOY A RANKING SCHEME FOR EACH CATEGORY OF CRITERIA AND THUS NUMERICALLY QUANTIFY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. ANOTHER IS THE DECISION MODEL IN WHICH PAIRS OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM DESIGNS ARE COMPARED. EACH PREFERRED DESIGN WOULD THEN BE PAIRED WITH ANOTHER UNTIL THE OPTIMUM SYSTEM WAS IDENTIFIED. PROBLEMS WHICH MAKE COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS DIFFICULT INCLUDE: LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS HAVE TO BE EVALUATED WITHIN SPECIFIC URBAN CONTEXTS; INACCURATE DEMOGRAPHIC DATA USED IN EARLIER STUDIES WOULD AFFECT THE RATIO BETWEEN NUMBER OF VEHICLES AND THE AREA OVER WHICH THEY OPERATE: THE CATEGORIES USED TO CLASSIFY SPECIFIC DESIGNS WERE FOUND TO OBSCURE IMPORTANT VARIATIONS WITHIN EACH SYSTEM; AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCE WAS FOUND TO VARY SUBSTANTIALLY ACCORDING TO THE RELIABILITY OF THE EQUIPMENT TESTED. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bandwidth KW - Bus transportation KW - Communication systems KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Radio KW - Scheduling KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115167 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239539 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT, PHASE I PY - 1969/11 AB - SEVERAL CITIES WERE CHOSEN FOR STUDY BY THE CCTP IN ORDER TO PRODUCE TWO SPECIFIC BENEFITS. IT WAS HOPED THAT THE IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS IN SEVERAL CITIES MIGHT PROMOTE THE TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE TO OTHER CITIES NOT IN THE PROJECT, AND THAT MANUFACTURERS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS MIGHT BE ENCOURAGED BY THE ECONOMIES OF SCALE PRESENT IN A LARGER-THAN-ONE-CITY MARKET. THE FIVE CITIES SELECTED FOR THE PROJECT WERE ATLANTA, DALLAS, DENVER, PITTSBURGH, AND SEATTLE. MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO TRAVEL WITHIN THE FIVE PROJECT CITIES VARY, BUT SEVERAL FACTORS COMMON TO ALL AFFECT EITHER MOBILITY WITHIN THE CENTER CITY OR THE MEANS OF ACCESS TO THE CENTER CITY; THESE INCLUDE: (1) EFFECTIVE PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION WITHIN THE CENTER CITY IS HINDERED BY THE DISPERSAL OF MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS; (2) ALL CENTER CITY AREAS CONTAIN OFFSET GRID SYSTEMS AND IRREGULAR STREET PATTERNS; (3) PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN EACH CITY OPERATES OVER EXISTING STREETS AND HIGHWAYS; AND (4) PEAK-HOUR CONGESTION IS USUALLY MORE SERIOUS ON THE GATEWAYS TO THE CENTER CITY THAN WITHIN THE CENTER CITY ITSELF. THE AUTHORS HAVE CONCLUDED THAT SHORT-TERM AND INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS MUST BE IMPLEMENTED TO MAINTAIN EXISTING LEVELS OF PATRONAGE AND TO DEVELOP NEW MARKETS. SINCE THE MAJOR PROBLEM IS TO INCREASE THE RATE AT WHICH MEANINGFUL TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS ARE IMPLEMENTED, RELIANCE MUST BE PLACED ON THE INNOVATIVE USE OF EXISTING, DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE INTERMEDIATE-RANGE IMPROVEMENTS. ADDITIONAL RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION ARE REQUIRED TO IMPROVE BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITIES AND PERFORMANCE CAPABILITIES OF EXISTING AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES. THEY FURTHER CONCLUDED THAT FUTURE TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS SHOULD ENCOURAGE THE CONCENTRATION OF RELATED DEVELOPMENTS INSTEAD OF CONTRIBUTING TO THE FRAGMENTATION OF LAND USES. CENTER CITY TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS MUST BE MULTI-MODAL. THE COORDINATION OF HIGHWAYS, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, MICRO-SYSTEMS, AND TERMINAL FACILITIES IS ESSENTIAL. STREET AND HIGHWAY-RELATED IMPROVEMENTS ARE NEEDED TO ALLOW MORE EFFECTIVE AND INNOVATIVE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEDESTRIAN WAYS. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Federal government KW - Inner cities KW - Land use KW - Pedestrians KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Traffic flow KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00236420 AU - Peck, R B AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - SOME DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN THE SELECTION OF UNDERGROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS PY - 1969/11 AB - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPPORTS FOR UNDERGROUND OPENINGS IN BOTH SOIL AND ROCK ARE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED FOR SEVERAL SPECIFIC SITUATIONS. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BOTH SHAFTS AND TUNNELS ARE EXAMINED. THE PROBLEMS THAT MAY OCCUR BECAUSE OF UNUSUAL OR VARIABLE GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS ARE OUTLINED, AND THE EFFECTS OF THESE GEOLOGIC ANOMALIES ON THE CONSTRUCTION SCHEME ARE INDICATED. SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS WHICH CAN BE EASILY MODIFIED TO ADAPT TO VARIABLE CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. THE COST OF TUNNEL SUPPORT SYSTEMS IS EVALUATED AND COMPARED TO THE TOTAL COST OF THE TUNNEL. THE COST RELATIONSHIPS ARE ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS DETAILED COST ESTIMATES OF TUNNELS IN BOTH SOIL AND ROCK. FINALY, THE PROBLEMS OF GROUND MOVEMENTS AROUND SOFT GROUND TUNNELS ARE DISCUSSED, AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE MAGNITUDE OF SETTLEMENT OVER SOFT GROUND TUNNELS ARE PRESENTED. /UMTA/ KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Ground settlement KW - Guidelines KW - Rocks KW - Shafts (Machinery) KW - Soils KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Tunnels KW - Underground KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/125200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241917 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - A SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT ROUTES AND SCHEDULES PY - 1969/11 AB - THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING A SERIES OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS TO ASSIT H.U.D. IN FORMULATING LONG-RANGE PLANS FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS WAS STUDIED USING THE D.C. TRANSIT SYSTEM, WHICH COVERS THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND NEARBY SUBURBAN MARYLAND. THE EARLY STAGES OF THE STUDY CONSISTED OF GATHERING AND PROCESSING FOR ANALYSIS TWO BASIC SETS OF DATA. ONE OF THESE WAS AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT TRAVEL PATTERNS BY PATRONS OF THE D. C. TRANSIT SYSTEM. THE SOURCE OF THIS DATA WAS A PASSENGER ORIGIN-DESTINATION SURVEY CONDUCTED IN THE WASHINGTON AREA IN 1966. THE DATA FROM THIS SURVEY, WHICH DESCRIBED INBOUND TRIPS ONLY, WERE ADJUSTED TO REFLECT TRAVEL IN BOTH DIRECTIONS. THE SECOND BASIC DATA SET CONSISTED OF THE CURRENT OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSIT SYSTEM. THESE INCLUDED ROUTE LOCATIONS, BUS HEADWAYS, BUS SPEEDS, OPERATING COST DATA, AND FIELD-COUNTED PASSENGER VOLUMES. THE FIRST THREE OF THESE ITEMS SERVED AS INPUTS FOR REPRESENTING THE CURRENT D. C. TRANSIT NETWORK IN THE COMPUTER FORMAT REQUIRED BY THE HUD TRANSIT PLANNING PROGRAMS. USING THE TRAVEL PATTERN DATA, THIS SIMULATED NETWORK WAS THEN CALIBRATED. LATER A MORE SIMPLIFIED NETWORK TERMED THE BASIC SYSTEM WAS PREPARED. THE FIRST STEP IN THE EVOLUTION OF AN IMPROVED BUS ROUTING SYSTEM IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS. TO GAIN FULL ADVANTAGE OF THE SYSTEMS TECHNIQUES USED, ALTERNATIVE ROUTE SYSTEMS WERE DEVELOPED IN SUCCESION, WITH EACH SYSTEM BUILDING UPON THE EXPERIENCE GAINED IN THE PRECEDING ONES. FOLLOWING THIS PROCEDURE, TWO DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS WERE SUCCESSIVELY DEVELOPED AND ANALYZED. THIS LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF A THIRD AND FINAL SYSTEM, TERMED THE OPTIMUM SYSTEM. WHEN THE OPTIMUM SYSTEM WAS COMPARED WITH THE BASIC SYSTEM THE FOLLOWING SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS EMERGED: (1) TRAVEL TIME WAS REDUCED FOR 26% OF PEAK RIDERS AND LENGTHENED FOR ONLY 9.5%. (2) TRAVEL TIME WAS REDUCED FOR 25% OF MIDDAY RIDERS AND LENGTHENED FOR ONLY 8%. (3) THE NUMBER OF PEAK TRIPS INVOLVING TRANSFERS WAS REDUCED 12%. (4) THE NUMBER OF MIDDAY TRIPS INVOLVING MORE THAN ONE TRANSFER WAS REDUCED 37%. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Information processing KW - Networks KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241971 AU - Howard, Needles, Tammen and Bergendoff TI - KCI RAPID TRANSITWAY - ENGINEERING DESIGN REPORT: INVESTIGATIONS, PRELIMINARY PLANS, AND PROJECT COSTS PY - 1969/10/20 AB - THE RESULTS OF STUDIES ARE SUMMARIZED FOR A RAPID TRANSITWAY FORM 12TH STREET IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD) OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI, TO KANSAS CITY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE: (1) A TERMINAL BUILDING BE CONSTRUCTED IN THE CBD; (2) TRANSITWAY, ELEVATED ON A STRUCTURE THROUGHOUT THE DOWNTOWN AREA; (3) A NEW BRIDGE BE CONSTRUCTED ACROSS THE MISSOURI RIVER FOR THE TRANSITWAY; (4) INTERFACES FOR OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORTATION BE CREATED WITH THE TRANSITWAY; (5) RIGHTS-OF-WAY BE CREATED ALONGSIDE EXISTING HIGHWAYS; (6) THE TRANSITWAY ENTER THE AIRPORT ON ITS OWN ROADWAY, PARALLEL TO, AND AT THE SAME ELEVATION AS THE INBOUND ENTRANCE ROAD; AND (7) ANY OTHER STRUCTURES NECESSARY TO THE SMOOTH OPERATION OF THE TRANSITWAY BE CONSTRUCTED WHERE NECESSARY. ESTIMATED COSTS ARE: (1) ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION - $6,909,000; (2) BRIDGES - $16,049,000; (3) ENGINEERING AND CONTINGENCIES $3,500,000; AND (4) RIGHT-OF-WAY INCLUDING ACQUISITIONS - $2,992,000. TOTAL COST IS ESTIMATED TO BE $29,450,000. SPECIALLY CONSTRUCTED EXPRESS BUSES WILL OPERATE ON THE TRANSITWAY UNTIL SUCH TIME AS A MONORAIL OR ANOTHER ADVANCED SYSTEM BECOMES OPERATIONAL. SHOULD THE MONORAIL PROVE FEASIBLE, THE TRANSIT BUSES WILL THEN BECOME PRIMARILY A FEEDER FOR THE MONORAIL SYSTEM AND WILL ALSO SERVE AS AN AUXILIARY OR STANDBY UNIT. TO SUPPORT ITS RECOMMENDATIONS, THE REPORT PROVIDES TABLES, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND AN APPENDIX WHICH DETAIL COSTS, EQUIPMENT, PERSPECTIVES, STRUCTURAL DESIGNS, AND PASSENGERS FORECASTS. /UMTA/ KW - Bridges KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Engineering KW - Express buses KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way KW - Road construction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00241986 AU - Nassau County Planning Commission TI - NASSAU COUNTY BUS SYSTEM, PROSPECTS FOR BUS TRANSPORTATION: REPORT NO 3 PY - 1969/10 AB - HIGHWAY SATURATION COMBINED WITH ALMOST TOTAL RELIANCE ON THE AUTOMOBILE IN NASSAU COUNTY SUGGESTS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR BUS TRANSIT TO MAKE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD MITIGATION OF THE PROBLEM. HOWEVER, PRESENT OPERATIONS DO NOT PROMOTE TRANSIT AS AN ALTERNATIVE MODE OF TRAVEL. TWO MAJOR SHORTCOMINGS ARE THE DIFFICULTY OF OBTAINING PROPER INFORMATION ABOUT ROUTES, SCHEDULES, AND SERVICE; AND THE INCONVENIENCE OF WAITING AT EXPOSED BUS STOPS. ADDITIONALLY, LOW POPULATION DENSITY THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY MAKES PROFITABLE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING A FORMIDABLE TASK. A POSSIBLE SOLUTION OF THE LAST PROBLEM IS INSTITUTION OF A DEMAND-RESPONSIVE BUS SERVICE, WHICH WOULD LEND ITSELF TO OFF-PEAK USES. THE PLANNING COMMISSION IS ALSO EXAMINING THE FEASIBILITY OF A VARIETY OF PEOPLE MOVERS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information dissemination KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00200774 AU - Northwestern University, Evanston TI - UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE PROGRAMS IN TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC, A PRELIMINARY LISTING PY - 1969/10 AB - THE REPORT IS AN ATTEMPT TO LIST THE TRANSPORTATION STUDY AND RESEARCH PROGRAMS AT UNITED STATES UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. THE LISTING IS NOT COMPLETE, BUT DOES LIST MOST MAJOR PROGRAMS. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED AMONG FOUR SECTIONS. SECTION ONE LISTS THE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON ACADEMIC PROGRAMS (MAINLY GRADUATE-LEVEL), MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTES, AND RESEARCH IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. SECTION TWO LISTS THE FIELDS OF STUDY AND RESEARCH AVAILABLE SUCH AS TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS, CIVIL ENGINEERING, URBAN TRANSPORTATION, HIGHWAY SAFETY, ETC. BY UNIVERSITY. SECTION THREE LISTS DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS PRODUCED IN TRANSPORTATION, BY UNIVERSITY, BETWEEN 1961 AND 1969. SECTION FOUR LISTS SOURCES USED BY THE CENTER LIBRARY IN ITS COMPILATION. /UMTA/ KW - Bibliographies KW - Research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242088 AU - Graves, F M AU - Rechel, R E AU - Institute Public Administration TI - ESTIMATES OF PROSPECTIVE CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1969/10 AB - URBANIZED AREAS EMPLOYED IN THE ANALYSIS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS - THOSE WITH ONE MILLION OR MORE POPULATION, EITHER AT PRESENT OR FORECASTED FOR 1980, AND THOSE WITH LESS THAN ONE MILLION. THE BASIC APPROACH OF THE ANALYSIS WAS TO CONCENTRATE ON PLANS AND ESTIMATES FOR THE 29 LARGEST URBANIZED AREAS. THIRTEEN OF THE 29 AREAS POSSESS ACTUAL PLANS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION BETTERMENTS, ADDITIONS, OR WHOLLY NEW SYSTEMS. CORRELATIONS WERE MADE OF THE ECONOMIC BASE DATA AND EXISTING OR PROPOSED MODES FOUND IN THESE 13 PLANS. BASIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN POPULATION DENSITY AND TRANSPORT MODE, AND BETWEEN TOTAL POPULATION AND TOTAL OUTLAY, WERE THEN DEVELOPED. THE DENSITY RATIOS WERE USED TO SCREEN THE 16 REMAINING METROPOLITAN AREAS INTO TWO FURTHER GROUPS - POTENTIAL CANDIDATES FOR RAIL SYSTEMS AND FOR MIXED BUS-WAY/GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS. URBANIZED AREAS OF FEWER THAN ONE MILLION PERSONS IN 1980 WERE CONSIDERED TO BE CANDIDATES SOLELY FOR BUS ADDITIONS, OR REPLACEMENTS, AND BUS FACILITIES. THE AREAS WITH ONE MILLION OR MORE POPULATION IN 1980 ACCOUNT FOR $30.5 BILLION (93.2%) OF THE TOTAL ESTIMATED INVESTMENT; THE AREAS OF LESS THAN ONE MILLION IN 1980 ACCOUNT FOR $2.2 BILLION (6.8%) OF THE TOTAL PROSPECTIVE INVESTMENT. TOTAL INVESTMENT IS ESTIMATED AT $32.8 BILLION IN 1969 DOLLARS, OF WHICH HIGH-LIKLIHOOD OUTLAYS CONSTITUTE $28.1 BILLION, OR 85.7%. PRICE INFLATION AT SIX PERCENT ANNUALLY RAISES THE ABOVE FIGURES BY 27% TO $35.6 BILLION FOR HIGH-LIKLIHOOD INVESTMENTS AND $5.9 BILLION FOR THE REMAINING INVESTMENTS. TOTAL INVESTMENT IS, THEREFORE, ESTIMATED AT $41.6 BILLION 1969 DOLLARS. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Economics KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Guideways KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00242110 AU - Burk and Associates AU - Fromherz Engineers TI - ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY OF A RAPID TRANSIT TYPE OF SERVICE BETWEEN THE NEW ORLEANS UNION PASSENGER TERMINAL AND THE NEW ORLEANS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1969/10 AB - THE HIGHWAY BUS, A WELL KNOWN MEDIUM OF TRANSPORTATION, IS IN CURRENT OPERATION. THE RAIL BUS, A COMBINED RAIL AND HIGHWAY VEHICLE, OFFERS AN INTERIM MODE WHEREBY THE DELAYING EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY CONGESTION BETWEEN THE TERMINAL STATIONS MAY BE ALLEVIATED PENDING THE PROVISION OF A MORE SOPHISTICATED SYSTEM OF RAIL TRANSPORTATION. THE BUDD RDC-2 IS A STANDARD RAILROAD, COMBINATION PASSENGER-BAGGAGE CAR, DIESEL PROPELLED SYSTEM; THESE CARS ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE AT ATTRACTIVE PRICES AND WOULD PROVIDE A COMFORTABLE, SAFE, AND SPEEDY TRIP BETWEEN THE TWO TERMINALS. EITHER THE RAIL BUS OR THE BUDD RDC-2 WOULD OPERATE OVER THE N.O.U.P.T. AND ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD TRACKS TO THE POINT OF TURNOUT TO THE AIRPORT; THE RAIL BUS WOULD ACCOMPLISH THE TRIP IN AN ESTIMATED RUNNING TIME OF 24 MINUTES, THE BUDD RDC-2 CAR IN 20 MINUTES. THE RAIL BUSES WOULD CROSS THE AIRLINE HIGHWAY AT GRADE WITH TRAFFIC LIGHT PROTECTION; THEY WOULD LOAD AND DISCHARGE PASSENGERS, CURBSIDE, AT THE AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING. A VIADUCT OVERPASSING THE AIRLINE HIGHWAY WITH AN ELEVATED PASSENGER STATION AT THE AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDING WOULD BE PROVIDED FOR THE BUDD RDC-2 CARS. OF THE TWO SYSTEMS, THE BUDD RDC-2 CAR SYSTEM SEEMS TO POSSESS THE GREATER MERIT AND THE AUTHORS, THEREFORE, RECOMMEND ITS ADOPTION. TO ATTRACT OTHER THAN AIRPORT PATRONAGE, THE REHABILITATION AND REACTIVATION OF THE CURRENTLY DISUSED KENNER STATION OF THE ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD IS ALSO RECOMMENDED. /UMTA/ KW - Airport access KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Freight terminals KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Landside capacity KW - Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport KW - Overpasses KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/132135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00226472 AU - Sperry Rand Corporation TI - ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS - VOLUME I: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION PY - 1969/10 AB - AN URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (UTCS) IS PROPOSED FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C., CBD THAT WOULD EMPLOY ADVANCED SENSORY, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO MONITOR DOWNTOWN STREET CONDITIONS IN REAL-TIME AND ADJUST NETWORK SIGNAL TIMING ACCORDINGLY. THE UTCS IS DESIGNED TO SUPPLEMENT EXISTING LOCAL-DIAL CONTROLS THAT REMAIN INTACT TO PROVIDE A BACK-UP FOR THE COMPUTER SYSTEM. THE INTELLECTUAL, SOFTWARE, AND HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED IN DETAIL, TOGETHER WITH INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PLANS. /UMTA/ KW - Information processing KW - Monitoring KW - Networks KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Topics KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/115159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00239513 AU - SIMPSON & CURTIN TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS-INTERIM REPORT #7 PY - 1969/10 AB - THE FIVE-YEAR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPED FOR THE MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL TWIN CITIES AREA FROM EARLIER EVALUATIONS OF TRANSIT SERVICES, OPERATING RESULTS AND TRANSIT RIDER CHARACTERISTICS AND ATTITUDES IS COMPOSED OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS: (1) A BUS PURCHASE PROGRAM TO REDUCE THE AVERAGE AGE OF THE LOCAL TRANSIT FLEET FROM 13 YEARS TO LESS THAN SIX YEARS; (2) CONSOLIDATION OF GARAGE FACILITIES, FROM THREE TO TWO LOCATIONS; (3) THE INSTALLATION OF PASSENGER WAITING SHELTERS AT 88 LOCATIONS IN THE TWIN CITIES AREA; (4) THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS FOR THE SCHEDULING OF BUSES; AND (5) THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RESERVED LANES FOR TRANSIT VEHICLES. THIS PROGRAM INVOLVES A CAPITAL EXPENDITURE OF $18.7 MILLION. THIS OUTLAY WILL PRODUCE A NUMBER OF INTANGIBLE BENEFITS TO THE TRANSIT RIDING PUBLIC IN THE WAY OF FASTER, MORE EXTENSIVE, AND MORE COMFORTABLE SERVICE. IN ADDITION, 14,000 NEW PASSENGERS PER DAY WILL BE ATTRACTED TO THE SYSTEM. INCREASES IN REVENUES, AFTER THE DEDUCATION OF OPERATING EXPENSES FOR THE PROGRAM, WILL AMOUNT TO $1.4 MILLION IN A TYPICAL YEAR, WHILE COLLATERAL BENEFITS TO THE COMMUNITY WILL ADD ANOTHER $1 MILLION. PUBLIC OWNERSHIP BY TWIN CITIES AREA METROPOLITAN TRANSIT COMMISSION IS RECOMMENDED AS THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING THE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. YEARLY TAX SAVINGS OF ALMOST $1 MILLION AND FEDERAL ASSISTANCE, WOULD BECOME AVAILABLE TO PUBLIC OWNERS OF THE TRANSIT COMPANY, AND THE COST OF NEW CAPITAL WOULD BE CONSIDERABLY REDUCED. /UMTA/ KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Improvements KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/131287 ER -