TY - RPRT AN - 00331228 AU - Almy, T A AU - Hildreth, W B AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSING ELECTORAL DEFEAT: NEW DIRECTIONS AND VALUES FOR MARTA PY - 1979/07 SP - 23 p. AB - This case study report focuses on MARTA during the transition period, 1968-1971, which culminated in a successful referendum in November 1971 and propelled the Authority into complex engineering and construction projects. The report provides perspective on how MARTA turned the 1968 electoral defeat into success three years later. Three major sections introduce major features of this critical turnaround. First, the case reviews the 1968 Referendum. Second, attention is directed at MARTA's examination and assessment of the reasons for its failure. Third, the new emphasis and directions chosen by MARTA for its 1971 Referendum Plan are highlighted. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Politics KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331238 AU - Trattner, J B AU - Miller, G J AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING AN ARBITRATION PROCESS FOR RESOLVING CONTRACT DISPUTES: PREPARING FOR THE WORST WHILE HOPING FOR THE BEST PY - 1979/07 SP - 23 p. AB - This case study addresses the development and implementation of arbitration strategies at MARTA. The report describes the effort to defuse the destructive potential for conflict among MARTA, UMTA, and contractors over the handling of contract disputes. The 3 existing MARTA strategies aimed to limit conflict, namely--assuming part of the risk of performance, using federal contract language and legal precedent, and providing absolute limits for work-stoppages--did not prevent disagreements over contracts. After much effort and several dead-ends, MARTA executives settled on a method for resolving contractual disputes, namely, arbitration. It generated confidence among all parties that any disputes involving contract performance would be treated fairly, quickly, and cheaply. The appendices in this report are: MARTA Contract Clauses Relating to Arbitration, and MARTA Procedures for Contractor Claims. (UMTA) KW - Arbitration KW - Case studies KW - Contracts KW - Labor agreements KW - Labor law KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Strikes KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331219 AU - Almy, T A AU - Proehl, C W AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHATEVER HAPPENED TO SOS? COMMUNITY CONFLICT AND TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1979/07 SP - 25 p. AB - This report deals with the planning and development of the East Line in Decatur, Georgia, which presented an array of events and situations that impacted on both Decatur and MARTA. Controversy over saving historic Sycamore Street, known as Save Old Sycamore (SOS), is explained and resolution of the conflicts are detailed. The responses of the local government, the business community, and neighborhood groups were variable. Periods of community support for MARTA were followed by controversies over the location and impact of the rail line and Decatur Station. This variability presented significant problems for the Authority, which had to push for timely completion of the East Line. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Historic preservation KW - History KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Local government KW - Location KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331222 AU - Proehl, C W AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARTA AND THE 15FOUND FARE: KEEPING "WHOSE" FAITH UNTIL MARCH 1979? PY - 1979/07 SP - 22 p. AB - Following the defeat of a November 1968 Referendum, MARTA successfully implemented a strategy aimed at capturing the support of its two key constituencies in a 1971 Referendum. The two constituents can generally be described as largely inner-city Black and largely suburban White. These two groups held widely different views as to how to distribute the costs and benefits of the mass transit program. In response to the concerns of Black Atlanta leaders, MARTA officials began more minority hiring, promised the routing of a proposed rail system to Black neighborhoods, and also provided the 15found fare, which was to remain in effect until March 1, 1979, when a 5found increase would occur. The White constituency emphasized the need for more bus service and a rapid rail system to outlying areas, even if this meant higher fares and curtailment of services in Atlanta. MARTA promised to provide numerous service improvements to the suburbs. This report includes discussions of the legal battles surrounding the fare issue and its ramifications. The life of the 15found fare lasted through March, 1979, which is the date originally promised. However, the fare was increased by 25found, instead of 5found. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Fares KW - Inner cities KW - Legal factors KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Location KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Minorities KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Rapid transit KW - Suburbs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349734 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Litant, I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FIRE SAFETY EFFORTS PY - 1979/07 AB - No Abstract. KW - Federal government agencies KW - Fires KW - Government regulations KW - Regulations KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313148 AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATION OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES IN DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURED TRAINS AND PLATOONS. VOLUME I. PART I. APPLICATIONS ANALYSIS. PART II. VEHICLE DYNAMICS PY - 1979/07 SP - 534 p. AB - This study shows that the passenger capacity of AGT systems may be significantly increased by operating vehicles in dynamically reconfigured trains or platoons. It is estimated that a minimum lane capacity of 5,000 to 10,000 passengers per hour is needed to make single-party AGT economically competitive with buses and that this capacity requires the use of trains. Trains also offer several non-capacity-related operational advantages. In this report, the longitudinal control systems needed to effect dynamic entrainment with platoon operations at spacings of 30-60 cm are developed with particular attention to stability, jerk limiting requirements, safety and passenger comfort. The capacity advantage of entraining is demonstrated for a single guideway link and for merge junctions, using Monte Carlo simulation. Variable-slot-length point-follower control is shown to reduce merge delays and maneuver ramp lengths compared with fixed-slot-length methods. The "zero gap" merge scheme developed here produces dramatic improvements compared with conventional merge strategies. The study suggests that the concepts of dynamic entrainment and platooning deserve more detailed study and testing because of the significant advantages they offer. KW - Air entrainment KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Controllers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dynamic characteristics KW - Dynamics KW - Entrainment KW - Headways KW - Line capacity KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Train operation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313120 AU - Schumacher, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. A REVIEW OF AGT (AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY. PART B PY - 1979/07 SP - 28 p. AB - This report assesses the current state-of-the-art. The review concentrates on the communication links used within the longitudinal control loop. It discusses the criteria for establishing data rate, and the major aspects of a communication system starting with the transmission media modulation techniques, followed by noise and error considerations. The review is concluded with a brief summary of data communication in existing AGT systems. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Data communications KW - Electric railroads KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Headways KW - Multiplexing KW - Noise analyzers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Signaling KW - Sound level meters KW - Technology assessment KW - Telecommunications KW - Time division multiplexing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313141 AU - Dial, R B AU - Rutherford, G S AU - Quillian, L AU - Rutherford (GS) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT NETWORK ANALYSIS: INET PY - 1979/07 SP - 360 p. AB - This report is a collection of five independently developed documents concerning the transit system analysis program INET (Integrated Transit Network). The five documents are titled: INET Tutorial, a technical introduction to INET functions and mechanics; INET Lecture Guide, a set of over 50 graphics suitable for overhead projection, along with an explanatory text for each; INET Coding Hints, some guidance on preparation of INET input from actual transit plans or operations; INET Case Study, a small, complete example of the use of INET with the Alexandria, Virginia, bus system; and INET Operating Instructions, the instructions for operation of the INET computer program. INET, a new computer program which is an integral part of UTPS (Urban Transportation Planning System), has been developed to aid planners in the analysis of urban transit systems. INET makes transit network coding quick and easy by exploiting data already available for highway networks. It maintains consistency between transit and highway levels of service, and it helps bridge the gap between transit planning and operations. Experience with actual highway and transit data has shown that INET performs with speed and accuracy even better than expected. INET is a substantial improvement over previous transit network programs and greatly facilitates transit systems analysis. KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Highway transportation KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Public transit KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305825 AU - Automated Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT METRICATION: A RECOMMENDED POLICY AND METRIC CONVERSION PLAN FOR UMTA PY - 1979/07 SP - 130 p. AB - The study was undertaken in order to develop for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) a recommended policy and comprehensive plan for the orderly conversion to the uses of the International System of Units, or the metric system. This report suggests some actions which the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the American Public Transit Association, and the Department of Transportation can take to best fill the perceived needs of members of the mass transit industry, and at the same time, use the proven techniques learned by those who have successfully converted to the metric system. This report includes a listing of recommendations to UMTA for the accomplishment of these actions. In particular, this report recommends the use of metric units on new designs based on the Cumulative Cost approach. It also details the metrication activities of some organizations and their problems and successes. With those companies which have already begun implementation of the metric system, it was found that engineering standards exist for virtually all the needs of the organizations impacted by UMTA. KW - Administration KW - Buses KW - Conversion KW - Costs KW - Industries KW - Labor relations KW - Manufacturing KW - Metric system KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304631 AU - ELIAS, SEG AU - Ward, R E AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRT (PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT) IMPACT STUDY. OPERATIONAL PHASE. VOLUME I: TRAVEL ANALYSIS PY - 1979/07 SP - 98 p. AB - To study the impact of the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) on Morgantown, a substantial amount of data was collected in an attempt to capture the state of transportation related conditions before and after passenger service. This report contains an analysis of the latter set of data; namely, that collected in the spring of 1977. The data described in this report, together with those reported in the Pre-PRT Phase, allows assessment of the PRT system impacts on the city of Morgantown. The completed assessment provides other cities considering implementation of AGT systems, sufficiently detailed information to determine whether they can effectively and efficiently utilize a Morgantown type PRT system to satisfy their transportation needs. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Before and after studies KW - Competition KW - Data analysis KW - Demonstration projects KW - Impact studies KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304630 AU - ELIAS, SEG AU - Ward, R E AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRT (PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT) IMPACT STUDY. THE PHASE 1 PRT IMPACT ON MORGANTOWN TRAVEL TRAFFIC AND ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES PY - 1979/07 SP - 88 p. AB - A new and revolutionary public transportation system, the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System began regular passenger service operation in Morgantown, West Virginia, in October 1975. This is a study of the impact of Phase I Morgantown PRT, the first fully automated transportation system operational in a city environment. The study was designed to record the effect of the system operation on traffic and associated activities in the areas adjacent to the PRT. The intent of the study was to provide information useful to other areas contemplating the Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) type installations. The PRT system served approximately 38% of the Morgantown residents. During the course of the study, it was concluded that the system was a major force in influencing travel habits, and that residents of the service area used autos for their trips less often than they did prior to the PRT. Compared to the bus system, which it replaced, the PRT is carrying more than the bus's previous share of the total trips. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobile travel KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Competition KW - Demonstration projects KW - Guideways KW - Impact studies KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304632 AU - ELIAS, SEG AU - Ward, R E AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRT (PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT) IMPACT STUDY. OPERATIONAL PHASE. VOLUME II: DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE AND CODING MANUAL PY - 1979/07 SP - 119 p. AB - The report documents the procedures used by researchers at West Virginia University (WVU) in collecting data which describes transportation-related conditions in Morgantown, West Virginia following the commencement of passenger service on Phase I of the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System. The record of data collection and data processing decisions given here provides essential documentation for researchers who may be performing subsequent analysis of the data. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Competition KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Impact studies KW - Information processing KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302011 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Litant, I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FIRE SAFETY EFFORTS PY - 1979/07 SP - 144 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), has undertaken the task of assessing the entire area of fire research to determine how to provide means to reduce the fire threat in transit systems, and thus, to provide a safer means of transportation for the traveling and commuting public. This report presents the results of that assessment by the Transportation System Center (TSC). The study identifies and recommends suitable remedial actions and reflects the present state of transportation fire safety efforts. Emphasis has been placed on Federal Government efforts, and particularly those by the Department of Transportation (DOT). Although the assigned task is directed at fire safety in transit systems, the assessment encompasses all transportation-related fire safety. The intent of this approach has been to emphasize the similarities which exist among the problems and in the programs of the modes. In many instances, the programs of one mode will benefit one or more of the other modes. In conducting this assessment, TSC has reviewed and incorporated into this report the pertinent information resulting from the following efforts: 1) a search and review of public and private sector programs; 2) identification and review of existing data banks (materials and accident statistics); and 3) identification and review of existing regulations, standards, specifications, and guidelines. Each of these efforts is discussed in detail in the report, and where necessary, in Appendix A: Bibliography of Fire Safety Literature and Appendix B: Survey of Dot Fire Safety Products. /UMTA/ KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Fires KW - Guidelines KW - Mode S KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Standards KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311298 AU - Dorosin, E AU - Phillips, J AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARE A FARE: A USER-SIDE SUBSIDY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI PY - 1979/07 SP - 96 p. AB - The Share A Fare (SAF) program in Kansas City, Missouri, is a user-side subsidy program designed by the City to provide low-cost door-to-door transportation for the City's elderly and handicapped citizens. The City, acting as broker, coordinated between user and provider by enrolling participants, enlisting providers, and matching the two through the trip scheduling process. Share A Fare began operation in May 1977 and is totally funded through a 1/2found city sales tax designated for transportation purposes. After 20 months of service, SAF has 13,182 enrollees and subsidizes almost 11,000 trips a month. The transportation service is provided by three not-for profit agencies, two taxicab companies, one for-profit medical provider, and three city-owned vans. The service is available for any Kansas City resident who is 65 years of age or older or physically disabled. SAF participants fall into two major categories: the affiliated rider, who is a client of a social service agency carrier, and the unaffiliated rider, who is a non-client. This final report documents the Share a Fare project during its first 20 months of operation. The purpose of this report is to describe how the project works and to identify key features and their impacts on program success. The study relied upon available data, which included an inventory of services of elderly and handicapped, a project survey, and various project staff reports. Personal interviews were conducted with service providers and all major agencies involved in planning services for elderly or handicapped in Kansas City. Data is presented on project design and planning; operating characteristics; and on the project's impact on service providers, users, and city sponsor. SAF has demonstrated that the City, acting as broker, can effectively coordinate transportation service between users and providers. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00312263 AU - Applied Resources Integration, Limited AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROJECT MOBILITY FIRST-YEAR EVALUATION: FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/07 SP - 64 p. AB - Project Mobility (PM), a one year demonstration project d of demand-responsive transportation serving the transportation handicapped, is summarized and evaluated. The report addresses the quality of PM's service, its impact on the users' lives, the cost and its comparability to other innovative handicapped transportation systems. The registration procedure for potential PM users is discussed and the three classes of certification are explained. The characteristics of its users and the reasons given by other persons for non-use are presented with the opinions of current users. The operational data from Project Mobility's first year of operation is summarized, including ridership figures, trip purposes, travel patterns, productivity and vehicle utilization. The level of service is measured, based on vehicle and passenger reliability, the time between reservation and pick up, the number of trip denials, and travel time or trip length. Monthly costs of the project are given, also. Six case studies of selected users are given with information based on three interviews held throughout the year. Five other demand-responsive systems are then described and compared for Project Mobility. The service and performance standards prescribed for the project are summarized briefly. Future planning is addressed with special consideration given to estimation of the transportation of the handicapped, unmet needs, coordination with other para-transit services, future expansion costs and the impact of wheelchair accessible buses. Eight final recommendations, based on the evaluation, are made regarding the future of Project Mobility. KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Trip purpose KW - User characteristics KW - Utilization KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305900 AU - Furniss, R E AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE WESTPORT CONNECTICUT INTEGRATED TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1979/07 SP - 211 p. AB - The purpose of the project was to demonstrate the feasibility of combining shared-ride taxi and other paratransit service with conventional fixed-route bus service in Westport, Connecticut. The project focused on the Westport Transit District (WTD) playing a major brokerage role which involved contracting with private operators for the provision of shared-ride service. The report is an evaluation of the Westport Demonstration implementation, operations, and impacts; it covers a six month planning period and two full years of service operations. The planned and actual project implementation is described including important Federal litigation initiated against the project by one of the two local taxi operators. The report also describes the integrated fleet management and vehicle deployment strategies utilized by the WTD to provide regular fixed-route, supplemental fixed-route, shared-ride taxi, and special markets services. Arrangements for system integration in the areas of maintenance, marketing, public information, and fare structure are also discussed. The evaluation examines ridership markets, system productivity, service economics, and community impacts. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Fixed routes KW - Information dissemination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Laws KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12299/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326486 AU - Pueblo Area Council of Governments AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED OF PUEBLO PY - 1979/07 SP - 79 p. AB - Conducted to aid the development of a transportation system to adequately serve the elderly and handicapped population of Pueblo, Colo., this study consisted of a survey of 189 agencies involving types of transportation services for the elderly and handicapped, a demographic analysis of the Pueblo area, projections of elderly and handicapped populations for the next 20 years, and analysis of travel patterns of the target population. A number of inadequacies or gaps can be cited particularly with regard to restricted passenger coverage, limited service capacity, scheduling and dispatching procedures, inadequate facilities, lack of uniform operating data, and inefficient route assignments. An array of service alternatives are proposed to close these gaps. A single purpose system whose transportation vehicle operates between one or more origins to one destination, a fixed route system (transportation supplied along an established route at pre-determined times) which is used by most public transportation systems, and personalized service, possibly requiring advance registration for pickup or operating on a demand - response basis are mentioned as options and discussed in terms of accessibility and effectiveness in getting a client to a precise destination. Organization and operational alternatives possible for offering special transportation services to the target group include accessible bus, subsidized taxi, public - operated paratransit, and private, nonprofit paratransit. When all of these options were evaluated on the criteria of funding availability, quality of service, legal considerations, and cost approximations, results showed private, nonprofit paratransit to have the greatest potential for meeting the needs of the disadvantaged. Study data and recommendations are provided. KW - Adults KW - Age groups KW - Aged KW - Businesses KW - Clients KW - Demographics KW - Disabled KW - Employees KW - Fixed routes KW - Identification KW - Identification systems KW - Inadequacies KW - Input KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Service agencies KW - Service industries workers KW - Services KW - Social sciences KW - Social service KW - Taxation KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302275 AU - Goeddel, D L AU - Ploetz, G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF LIFE-CYCLE COSTS AND MARKET APPLICATIONS OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY-STORAGE TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1979/07 SP - 180 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has recently completed the Phase I activities of its Flywheel Energy Storage Program involving an analysis of the operational requirements and the conceptual design of flywheel energy storage vehicles for transit service. Flywheel energy storage systems are being proposed as a means of reducing the energy requirements of fixed-route, multi-stop, urban transit vehicles. The Phase I studies have paved the groundwork for the succeeding program phase which include the design, fabrication, test, and evaluation of prototype flywheel storage vehicles within the urban transit industry. This report documents the results of these analyses. It examines the economic viability and the potential market applications of these proposed concepts within urban transit operations. The report presents a description of the structure, the approach, and the costs, and the annual recurring operations/maintenance costs associated with the conventional diesel bus, the trolley bus, and the three flywheel-powered vehicle systems considered in the study; describes the results of the life-cycle analysis and the sensitivity of these results due to variations of key assumed input variables; and discusses the potential demand and the market applications of flywheel energy storage vehicles within transit service operations. KW - Buses KW - Costs KW - Dielectric properties KW - Dielectric strength KW - Economics KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Energy KW - Fixed routes KW - Flywheels KW - Handling and storage KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Storage facilities KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Trolleybuses KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304655 AU - Dorosin, E AU - FITZGERALD, P AU - Richard, B AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GOLDEN GATE VANPOOL DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1979/07 SP - 310 p. AB - The report evaluates the Golden Gate Vanpool Demonstration Project activities begun in October 1977. The objective of the demonstration is to successfuly promote commuter ridesharing through vanpools. The project grantee, the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, is a multi-modal transportation agency which operates buses and ferries and sponsors club buses, with control of a toll bridge and joint control of a High Occupancy vehicle (HOV) highway lane that feeds into it and leads to the San Francisco employment area. The Golden Gate Corridor presents a set of conditions ideal for vanpool formation: a single congested traffic corridor with an exclusive HOV lane leading into a major employment center via a toll bridge. The vanpool facilitator controls the toll booth and actively promotes ridesharing by allowing free bridge passage for 3-person or larger carpolls and for vanpools. The report describes operating characteristics and documents planning implementation stages. Analyses of service levels, demand, productivity, marketing strategies, and vanpooler demographics are presented. The report points out that the Golden Gate Project clearly demonstrates that a public transit authority can facilitate vanpool formation and that issues once viewed as constraints, such as 13(c) agreements and reasonable insurance coverage, can be negotiated. KW - Agreements KW - California KW - Carpools KW - Commuters KW - Demonstration projects KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Insurance KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Reserved lanes KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Strategy KW - Toll bridges KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic lanes KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304756 AU - Cook, A R AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT RESOURCE GUIDE PY - 1979/07 SP - 114 p. AB - The report is one element of a set of curriculum materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. This Paratransit Resource Guide is structured to provide the reader with sources of information, including personal contacts, on paratransit development at the Federal, state, and local levels, with emphasis on Federal sources and national information sources. The Guide includes definitions of paratransit, pertinent Federal policies, annotated introductory overview literature, other information sources such as TRISNET and NTIS, Federal legislation, Federal agencies with contact persons, UMTA and FHWA regional offices, professional organizations and other associations, consulting firms and research organizations, foreign sources of information, and a paratransit educator resource list. KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Government policies KW - Guidelines KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Instructional materials KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Manuals KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy KW - Reviews KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - State government KW - Training KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304678 AU - Chin, D K AU - Onyx Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW OF POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOME SELECTED FEDERAL ACTIONS ON NEW TRANSIT PRODUCT INTRODUCTION PY - 1979/07 SP - 111 p. AB - The main concern of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of new concepts and modification of existing concepts by which the Federal government can encourage the deployment of the most appropriate innovation in urban mass transit. In order to perform the study, information was gathered on the problems facing the innovation process and possible methods that could alleviate these problems. Fifteen concepts were examined by which UMTA could strengthen its role in the technology deployment phase of the innovation process. From the in-depth discussions based on a questionnaire with nine members of the transit industry, the transit operators identified uncertainty over future Federal design and performance guidelines as the single major barrier to new product introduction. The transit suppliers cited uncertainties over the stability and volume of annual product sales, opportunity costs of foregone investments, and lowest-bid procurement as their barriers. Of the 15 concepts, six were ranked as highly feasible and effective: (1) standard set of performance guidelines; (2) lowest life-cycle cost procurements; (3) Federal grants for the purchase and test of limited production quantities; (4) coordination of transit products orders by UMTA; (5) use of Federal capital incentives to influence local authorities to adopt regulations to encourage transit use; and (6) formation of a transit operators and supplies committee to facilitate greater cooperation in the development cycle. In-depth analysis was performed on the six selected concepts and examples of UMTA programs incorporating recommended concepts were discussed. KW - Agreements KW - Cooperation KW - Deployment KW - Design KW - Effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Government policies KW - Guidelines KW - Leasing KW - Life cycle costing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Reviews KW - Standardization KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Transit system components KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199097 AU - Stevens, R D AU - Stilletto, J G AU - Wormley, D N AU - Hedrick, J K AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 6: DYNAMIC MODEL PY - 1979/07 SP - 97 p. AB - This document is one of an eight-volume final report associated with the AGT Guideway and Station Technology Project. The project is part of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Automated Guideway Transit Technology Program. The objective of the project is to develop guideway, station, and weather protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems as well as to improve performance. The research is intended to aid planners, designers, administrators, and others as they consider AGT systems and their potential application to satisfy transportation needs in urban areas. This study is limited in scope to AGT systems consisting of rubber-tired, automatically laterally and longitudinally controlled vehicles operating on at-grade and elevated guideway structures. This volume complements Volume 4: Design Guidelines, and focuses upon guideway dynamics and includes consideration of vehicle/guideway interactions in terms of vehicle ride quality and guideway surface profiles at the Fairlane system in Dearborn, Michigan and the Morgantown system in Morgantown, West Virginia. Data reviewed for all AGT systems and measured directly on these two systems include vertical, lateral, and longitudinal motions as well as limited data on roll, pitch, and yaw. The ride quality was determined in terms of accelerations measured at the front, center, and rear of the vehicles along vertical, lateral, and longitudinal axes. The guideway surface profiles were measured with a dual stylus profilometer. The measured ride quality data are compared with results for the AIRTRANS system at Dallas-Fort Worth Airport and with results for other modes including automobiles, buses, and trains. The report concludes that the model ride quality predictions agree reasonably well with the data measured at Morgantown and Dearborn. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Dynamic loads KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Interaction KW - Lateral pressure KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad stations KW - State of the art KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Suspension systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199044 AU - Hergenrother, K M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPARISON OF FUEL ECONOMY AND EMISSIONS FOR DIESEL AND GASOLINE POWERED TAXICABS PY - 1979/07 SP - 320 p. AB - The objective of this study was to assess potential improvements in fuel economy and exhaust emissions by dieselization of the taxi fleet in a large urban area. Sixty-six diesel powered taxicabs and an equal number of gasoline powered cabs were operated for 120,000 miles each in three taxicab fleets in New York City. Identical cabs were powered with either 198 CID diesel engines or 225 CID gasoline engines. Test results from all cabs were used to determine fuel economy and exhaust emissions. On the road, the diesel cabs had 50 percent better fuel economy than the gasoline cabs; the diesel exhaust emissions (HC, CO, NOx) were lower than the gasoline exhaust emissions over the life of the test. Emission from the diesels did not appreciably degrade with vehicle age; emission from the gasoline cabs increased appreciably. KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Carbon monoxide KW - Diesel engines KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gasoline engines KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Nitric oxide KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307960 AU - Hunter, J P AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN SERVICE AGENCY TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION SN - CA-09-8001 PY - 1979/07 SP - 101 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to compare the costs of independent special purpose transportation services with the costs of combined transportation services and to study the feasibility of coordinating existing transit to satisfy the transportation needs of human service agencies in various sized communities. This report contains the California Department of Transportation's (Caltrans) study of the feasibility of coordinating human service agency transportation in three areas of California, namely: Pittsburg, Fairfield-Suisun City-Vacaville areas; and the National City-Chula Vista areas. Cost and ridership data were collected from these agencies by means of inventories, interviews, and questionnaires. The resulting data were analyzed to determine cost and ridership factors; additional data were gathered where necessary. The principal finding common to each of the three study areas was that cost and ridership data of these independent special purpose transportation services were difficult, if not virtually impossible to obtain. Cost data gathered in response to questionnaires were sketchy and unreliable. However, the cost data indicated that combined transportation costs are approximately equal to the average of the costs of independent special purpose transportation. Therefore, combined or coordinated transportation service may be feasible and desirable even though the resulting service may not appear to be economic or efficient at first. KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309524 AU - Automated Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT METRICATION: A RECOMMENDED POLICY AND METRIC CONVERSION PLAN FOR UMTA PY - 1979/07 SP - 130 p. AB - This study was undertaken in order to develop for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) a recommended policy and comprehensive plan for the orderly conversion to the uses of the International System of Units, or the metric system. However, metrication does not occur unilaterally, and a plan cannot be drawn for one agency of the government alone. Metrication and its planning must involve all organizations likely to be impacted, including other government agencies and manufactureres of the products in the industry. In this context, the mass transit industry includes both management and labor interest in the areas of buses and urban rail manufacture. This report suggests some actions which the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the American Public Transit Association, and the Department of Transportation can take to best fill the perceived needs of members of the mass transit industry, and at the same time, use the proven techniques learned by those who have successfully converted to the metric system. This report includes a listing of recommendations to UMTA for the accomplishment of these actions. In particular, this report recommends the use of metric units on new designs based on the Cumulative Cost approach. It also details the metrication activities of some organizations and their problems and successes. With those companies which have already begun implementation of the metric system, it was found that engineering standards exist for virtually all the needs of the organizations impacted by UMTA. (FHWA) KW - Conversion KW - Impacts KW - Metric system KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304625 AU - Stickler, J J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMULATION OF AN URBAN BATTERY BUS VEHICLE PY - 1979/07 SP - 89 p. AB - This report describes the computer simulation of a battery-powered bus as it traverses an arbitrary mission profile of specified acceleration, roadway grade, and headwind. The battery-bus system components comprise a DC shunt motor, solid-state power conditioning unit with regeneration capability, and a battery source consisting of a multi-unit lead acid battery. The computer model determines vehicle tractive effort and power consumption and computes actual vehicle speed for a given mission profile. The program output data is tabulated in a form which allows easy recognition of the various operational modes and power-limited regimes. The computer model uses a 'modularization' format which facilitates the simulation of alternate propulsion systems involving the interchange of one system component for another. The model is applied to simulate the propulsion characteristics of a typical bus operating over a specified drive cycle. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of the battery bus model for predicting bus propulsion characteristics under simulated drive conditions. This report provides charts depicting the plotting program, input data required by the Battery Bus Performance Program, Fortran source listings and data files. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric vehicles KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Lead acid batteries KW - Simulation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198284 AU - Rose, D C AU - Lloyd's of London Press AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ATLANTA RESEARCH CHAMBER; APPLIED RESEARCH FOR TUNNELS: BLASTING TECHNIQUES, CONVENTIONAL SHOTCRETE, STEEL-FIBER-REINFORCED SHOTCRETE. MONOGRAPHS ON THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF TUNNELING PY - 1979/06 SP - 361 p. AB - This report describes the construction of the Atlanta Research Chamber and the research conducted in it. In addition, 24 monographs on the state-of-the-art of modern tunnel practice are included. The Atlanta Research Chamber was conceived as a team effort of 18 individuals from twelve engineering firms in the United States, Canada, and Austria to combine their special expertise to study various aspects of tunnel support system in hard rock. It was primarily a practical effort by practical engineers, attempting to develop useful tools for tunnel designers and builders. Later, the team was expanded, and a number of team members were asked to write monographs on modern tunnel practice. All have practical application, and by being gathered together in one volume, may serve to promote the common goal, which is to construct underground space economically and safely. To balance these predominately technical monographs, new team members were recruited to write monographs representing owners, contractors, labor, legal aspects, insurance, overseas practice, and additional technical ideas. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Construction KW - Contractors KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavations KW - Explosive excavation KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Geophysical surveys KW - Georgia KW - Insurance KW - Labor unions KW - Legal factors KW - Metal fibers KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Rockbolts KW - Shotcrete KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Underground KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89073 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334355 AU - Barnum, D T AU - Gleason, J M AU - Indiana University, Gary AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF SUBSIDIES ON TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1979/06 SP - 148 p. AB - This study develops a procedure for measuring the impact of subsidies on transit performance and implements the procedure by using a 1975-1976 sample to empirically test for the influence of substandardization. This research is devoted to model development and data analysis in an effort to identify relationships between subsidies and transit performance. The theory underlying the determinants of the relationships is developed, and a justification is presented for the efficiency and effectiveness indicators to be tested. Each indicator, serving as the dependent variable, is regressed on relevant control variables, and on subsidies classified by source, use, and control. For the sample of 55 observations from 1975-1976, current levels of subsidies have increased riders per capita by 93 percent (every subsidy dollar resulted in a two rider increase in annual ridership) and expenses per vehicle hour by 9 percent over what they would have been if no subsidies had been provided. This result is based upon the assumptions that regression coefficients would have remained constant if subsidies were reduced to zero, and that there is a direct casual relationship between the subsidies and dependent variables. The findings were that subsidies have minor and generally insignificant effects on the six efficiency indicators, but state and local operating subsidies have significantly favorable impacts on the one effectiveness measure, riders per capita, resulting in increases of one to five riders for each dollar of subsidy. These findings should be further verified in several years with additional empirical analysis using Section 15 (FARE) data, a large random sample, and longitudinal observations. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Finance KW - Impacts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00303286 AU - Goldberg, J AU - John Jay College of Criminal Justice of the City University of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PRODUCTIVITY: IMPROVEMENT THROUGH MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1979/06 SP - 229 p. AB - The Center for Productive Public Management undertook this project in response to an increased concern for mass transit productivity. This final report analyzes transit productivity and discusses the transit management/productivity relationship in detail. It delineates specific transit management problems and discusses the value and validity of management training and development programs as solutions to these problems. More specifically, the report serves as a handbook for the implementation and evaluation of transit management/productivity training programs for both large and small properties. It is written for transit managers, policy makers, and academics as a resource tool and guidebook to an improved understanding and application of productivity principles in transit management. This final report is based on independent research and input from managers of transit properties across the country, as well as on input from transit academics, transit users, elected officials, and attendance at transit performance conferences and seminars. The report concludes that efficient and effective internal transit management, attained through training and development, is the key of improved transit productivity. This report provides appendixes titled: Appendix A-Annotated Bibliography: Transit Management/Productivity; and Appendix B-Annotated Bibliography: General Management/Productivity. (UMTA) KW - Bibliographies KW - Handbooks KW - Management KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142978 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314096 AU - Rogers, E M AU - MAGILL, K P AU - Rice, R E AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INNOVATION PROCESS FOR DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1979/06 SP - 295 p. AB - The purpose of the investigation is to examine policy-relevant issues regarding the Federal role in the diffusion of urban mass transportation innovations, and to arrive at an understanding of the innovation process in organizations. This report is Phase I of a three-phase research project, and it documents the nature of the innovation process in organizations that adopted Dial-A-Ride. Dial-A-Ride is a form of demand-responsive transportation characterized by the traveler's telephoning for a bus, van, or cab, as he or she needs a ride. During Phase I, a series of ten in-depth case studies were conducted for the purpose of identifying the general stages of the innovation process in organizations dealing with mass transportation, and specifying those factors in that process pertinent to the adoption of Dial-A-Ride by those organizations. KW - Case studies KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Government policies KW - Innovation KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150845 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305570 AU - Petrino, E AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. A REVIEW OF AGT (AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT) CONTROL AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 2, PART A PY - 1979/06 SP - 58 p. AB - The report discusses theoretical and implemented longitudinal control concepts as they apply to four categories of AGT vehicles: shuttle-loop transit, large and small group rapid transit, and personal rapid transit vehicles. This report is organized into two sections. Section 2 describes the theoretical aspects of longitudinal control and briefly describes the longitudinal systems for five state of the art AGT systems. The theoretical control review includes vehicle follower, point follower and fixed block systems along with the control of merging vehicles. Section 3 reviews the options available for measuring vehicle states. The measurement technology review includes sensors for measuring vehicle velocity, position and separation between vehicles. Appendix A of this report provides a classification matrix for ten operational AGT systems. KW - Control devices KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Detectors KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric railroads KW - Feedback control KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Spacing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394469 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DRAFT. CONTENT GUIDELINES FOR RAIL SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM PLANS PY - 1979/06 SP - 43 p. AB - These guidelines for rail system safety program plans are intended to provide an operational rail transit system with the basic criteria for developing a safety program plan. They identify all the elements that should be considered in a system-wide approach to safety. These content guidelines for rail system safety program plans were developed and represent the combined effort of all heavy rail systems in the U.S. as well as a consensus of these rail systems for an effective safety plan. They are not inflexible standards for a safety plan, but are meant to be a guide to ensure that all essential elements are covered in a transit system's safety program and that the plan is implemented in a most efficient manner. In general, this report discusses the safety philosophy of the transit authority, the purpose and scope of the safety plan, near and long term goals and objectives, and the authority for making this happen. Other areas addressed in this report are: System Description; System Safety Management; System Safety Program: Methodology and Tasks; and System Safety Program: Implementation and Maintenance. The Appendices provide examples of the type of supplementary information that could be included in the plan as well as the proper ordering of the reference materials. This document is available through an inter-library loan arrangement with any one of the six libraries cooperating with UMTRIS in document services. KW - Implementation KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety practices KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212499 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391602 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DRAFT CONTENT FOR RAIL SAFETY PROGRAM PLANS PY - 1979/06 SP - 43 p. AB - These guidelines for rail system safety program plans are intended to provide an operational rail transit system with the basic criteria for developing a safety program plan. They identify all the elements that should be considered in a system-wide approach to safety. These content guidelines for rail system safety program plans were developed and represent the combined effort of all heavy rail systems in the U.S. as well as a consensus of these rail systems for an effective safety plan. They are not inflexible standards for a safety plan, but are meant to be a guide to ensure that all essential elements are covered in a transit system's safety program and that the plan is implemented in a most efficient manner. In general, this report discusses the safety philopophy of the transit authority, the purpose and scope of the safety plan, near and long term goals and objectives, and the authority for making this happen. Other areas addressed in this report are: System Description; System Safety Management; System Safety Program: Methodology and Tasks; and System Safety Program: Implementation and Maintenance. The Appendices provide examples of the type of supplementary information that could be included in the plan as well as the proper ordering of the reference materials. KW - Crash rates KW - Data collection KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Guidelines KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety practices KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199119 AU - Womack, W C AU - Graver, C A AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL CONTROL COST AND WEIGHT MODEL PY - 1979/06 SP - 150 p. AB - UMTA's Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program is oriented toward the analyses of systems and the development of system elements which may be used in a variety of advanced urban transportation systems. The Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability (VLCR) Project is the part of the AGTT program that focuses on the performance of longitudinal control systems. The project includes a review of the status of existing technology, specification of design goals and requirements, detailed mathematical modeling, analysis and simulation, development and specification of design concepts and their mechanizations, and experimental validation of the designs. This document describes an automated cost and weight model for Vehicle Longitudinal and Lateral Control (VLC) Systems. The model is a life-cycle cost and weight model which focuses on system components which vary with lateral control option. This model is to be used to evaluate the cost and weight of VLC designs for four classes of AGT (GRT) large and small, and Personal Rapid Transit (PRT). The report is organized in three technical sections: (1) Methodology and model description (includes design goals, model structure, basic equations, and a detailed description of the model; (2) Model use (includes input requirements, output and factor selection; and (3) Model growth potential. Conclusions are provided in the last section with the model code reproduced in the Appendix. The authors state that a usable life-cycle cost and weight model is available for immediate application to AGT nominal designs and control alternatives. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Vehicle spacing KW - Weight KW - Weight control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343574 AU - Womack, W AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME I. PROJECT SUMMARY PY - 1979/06 SP - 147 p. AB - The Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) program is a comprehensive, critical technology development program, and it is oriented toward the development of systems analyses and system elements that may be used in advanced urban transportation systems. The Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability (VLCR) project is vital to the AGTT program; it aims to provide the basis for improving the effectiveness of future AGT systems and for insuring that the best VLCR approaches are identified, documented, and demonstrated. The project emphasizes the improvement of the performance of longitudinal control subsystems. The project involved the development, design, and demonstration of a moving-block longitudinal control system; the development of techniques for reliability enhancement; and a study of automatic entrainment and platooning concepts. The final report of the VLCR project consists of 8 separate volumes. This volume, the Project Summary, provides an overview of the entire VLCR project and presents the significant findings and achievements. The detail analysis and design results are fully described in each of the volumes of the final report. This volume contains all the salient information including the goals and objectives, evaluation of existing technology, major results and achievements, discussion of promising concepts, descriptions of the major features of the test program, and a commentary on the project results. KW - Air entrainment KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Block signal systems KW - Block systems KW - Capitalized costs KW - Control devices KW - Control systems KW - Controller characteristics KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Entrainment KW - Longitudinal control KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ride quality KW - Technology assessment KW - Traffic platooning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314366 AU - Chung, C C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM ANALYSIS AT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1979/06 SP - 79 p. AB - An accelerating walkway system (AWS) is a high capacity, continuously available mode of public transportation that has the potential of filling the service gap between walking or conventional moving walkways and conventional vehicular transit systems. This study examines the site and passenger demand characteristics at the Washington National Airport and analyzes the physical, service, and economic feasibility of using an AWS to provide a pedestrian connection service between the Metro Rapid Rail Station and the air terminal. An economic feasibility of the AWS was performed that included investigation of the capital cost, operating and maintenance cost, and life cycle cost of five different AWS manufacturers (Dunlop, APL, Dean Research, TRAX, and Boeing). This report contains numerous charts illustrating the airport facilities, passenger demand, and the various costs associated with the AWS. KW - Airports KW - Analysis KW - Conveyors KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Sidewalks KW - Specifications KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313621 AU - Korf, J L AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOGIT ANALYSIS OF RAPID TRANSIT ACCESS CHOICES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/06 SP - 8 p. AB - The study examined the suitability of applying the program ULOGIT of the UTPS Package of Urban Transportation Planning Programs to forecast rapid transit access mode choices. This research provides a systematic methodology for analyzing and predicting rapid transit access mode travel behavior. Available data from the Parkham Express bus service in Richmond, Virginia, the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System, and the Lindenwold Line are used. These data are critically evaluated so as to provide the needed information for modeling access mode choices; a survey procedure is designed to obtain complete descriptive information for access mode choice analysis in the future. In addition to model development, this study identifies and clarifies important practical considerations and issues associated with logit models of rapid transit access mode. KW - Access KW - Accessibility KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Logits KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313664 AU - Urban Land Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT: MAKING THE REAL ESTATE-TRANSIT CONNECTION PY - 1979/06 SP - 345 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to inform new and potential participants in joint development (JD) of the financial, legal, organizational, and operational aspects of the deals involved in the implementation of JD projects. Basically, this book is designed for use by decision-makers and practitioners in the land use and development fields, by those in both the public and private sectors who are responsible for planning and implementing JD projects. Through case studies, this report reviews the planning and deal-making involved in the execution of seven major projects in five cities in the United States and Canada (Boston, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., Montreal, and Toronto). The case studies include reactions from developers and transit authorities and recommendations on improvements to the JD process from transit planning and physical design stages through construction to the operation of the projects. KW - Air rights KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Case studies KW - Development KW - Joint development KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Land use KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Real estate development KW - Toronto (Canada) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305545 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTHWEST INDIANA TRANSIT SYSTEM PROGRAM. PHASE III REPORT: FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1979/06 SP - 154 p. AB - The report is the third phase of a three part transit development program for Lake and Porter Counties, Indiana. This report presents the technical details needed to implement the transit program as recommended in Phase II of the study. The transit system recommended for Northwest Indiana consists of four elements: a regional bus route system, commuter service, express service, and service for the elderly and handicapped. The report discusses financial requirements, sources of assistance and suggests administrative structure for operation of the service. KW - Aged KW - Amtrak KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad KW - Commuter service KW - Financing KW - Fixed routes KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Level of service KW - Passengers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Services KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304636 AU - Schumacher, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. A REVIEW OF AGT PROPULSION, POWER CONDITIONING, BRAKING AND POWER DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979/06 SP - 78 p. AB - The report assesses the current state of the art of each technology. The review was performed to obtain top level information that can be used by system designers, specification writers, and regional planners as baseline considerations. The main sections of this report are: Section 2 discusses propulsion motor technology. It concludes information on both dc and ac motors; Section 3 discusses power conditioning options for converting guideway power to a suitable form for the motor being used; Section 4 presents the findings on electrical and mechanical braking; and Section 5 sets forth some power distribution and collection considerations. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Brakes KW - Braking KW - Braking systems KW - Control devices KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric brakes KW - Electric braking KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric railroads KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Motors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199098 AU - Dayman, B J AU - Holway, H P AU - Hammitt, A G AU - Tucker, C E AU - VARDY, A E AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALLEVIATION OF PRESSURE PULSE EFFECTS FOR TRAINS ENTERING TUNNELS PY - 1979/06 SP - 235 p. AB - This study was carried out for the Transportation Systems Center of the U.S. Department of Transportation on behalf of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration in order to determine to what degree it is possible to attenuate the effects of pressure pulses on the passengers in trains entering tunnels. The emphasis of this study is on the approach of modifying the normal, abrupt entry portal of the constant diameter single-track tunnel. In order to understand this approach, which requires the tailoring of a tunnel portal, it was first necessary to have an analytical model in which confidence exists in its capability to predict realistic pressure pulse histories of trains entering tunnels having porous and/or flared entry portals. To accomplish this, the best available theoretical information along with small-scale laboratory experiments were used to update an existing computer program. Then, this program was used to demonstrate effective portal configurations. Although reasonable modifications to the tunnel entrance portal may not decrease the magnitude of the pressure rise, they are very effective in reducing the discomfort to the human ear by decreasing the rate of pressure rise to what the normal ear can accomodate. A brief qualitative comparison was made of this portal modification approach with other approaches: decreasing the train speed during the tunnel entry and sealing the cars. The optimum approach, which is dependent upon the conditions and requirements of each particular rail system, is likely to be the portal modification one for the subway transit system. KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Air pressure KW - Atmospheric pressure KW - Comfort KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Flaring shaping KW - Flow KW - Human factors engineering KW - Passenger comfort KW - Pressure gradients KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Subway environment KW - Subways KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89458 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314454 AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Crain, J AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN AUSTIN, TEXAS AND PHOENIX, ARIZONA PY - 1979/06 SP - 306 p. AB - The report covers two demonstration projects, testing transit fare prepayment (TFP) innovations in Austin, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona. The innovations consisted of two consecutive sales of prepaid tickets and passes at discounts of 20% and 40%, accompanied by expansion of sales outlet networks and intensive advertising and promotional campaigns. The purpose of the demonstrations was to measure the impacts of these innovations on: (1) the volume and mix of sales of the various TFP instruments; (2) the transit-riding levels; and (3) the transit costs and operations. In addition, special attention was given to evaluating the relative cost-effectiveness of the special advertising and promotional campaigns conducted in both sites. KW - Advance acquisition KW - Arizona KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Operating costs KW - Payment KW - Property acquisition KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Sales KW - Texas KW - Tickets KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150992 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313622 AU - Korf, J L AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOGIT ANALYSIS OF RAPID TRANSIT ACCESS CHOICES PY - 1979/06 SP - 173 p. AB - The study examines the suitability of applying the program ULOGIT of the UTPS Package of Urban Transportation Planning Programs to forecast rapid transit access mode choices. Strategies and issues associated with logit modeling of submodal choices are examined and a specific modeling approach for this study is selected. The travel data are interpreted to develop descriptive aggregate measures of access mode supply characteristics so that only feasible access mode choices are used in developing the models. Also, rapid transit stations and access points are classified into groups to test hypotheses regarding the specification of service needs for station location types. Results show that models for classified station groups have coefficients that differ from each other, and from a model calibrated with data for all stations in a group. KW - Access KW - Accessibility KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Location KW - Logits KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313230 AU - Sharpe, C P AU - DIXON, S AU - Case, B AU - Kurtzman, J AU - Modisette, L AU - Rice Center for Community Design and Research AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT REPORT PY - 1979/06 SP - 175 p. AB - This report is a status report of joint development activity in cities across the nation, documenting research conducted between July 1976 and June 1979. This document is in three parts. Part One discusses legal, organizational, and procedural issues which were observed in the case study research documented in Part Two. Part Two is a status report of national joint development activities, current as of May 1979, and includes seven city summaries and 26 project case studies. Part Three presents brief status reports of 29 projects. This report also contains a public/private process chart which illustrates the steps necessary for joint development and an examination of the Transportation Corridor Development Corporation (TCDC). The city and project cases discussed in this report are presented in a case study format. Each study presents the kind and size of the project(s), the actors involved, a description of the area immediately surrounding the stop, and the contributions and payoffs of both the public and private sectors. KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Commercial buildings KW - Coordination KW - Dwellings KW - Facilities KW - Joint development KW - Legal factors KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Private enterprise KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Recreational facilities KW - Shopping centers KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322283 AU - Rogers, E M AU - MAGILL, K P AU - Rice, R E AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INNOVATION PROCESS FOR DIAL-A-RIDE. PHASE I PY - 1979/06 SP - 295 p. AB - The purpose of this investigation of the innovation process for Dial-A-Ride is to examine policy-relevant issues regarding the Federal role in the diffusion of urban mass transportation innovations, and to arrive at an understanding of the innovation process in organizations. This report is Phase I of a three-phase research project, and it documents the nature of the innovation process in organizations that adopted Dial-A-Ride. Dial-A-Ride is a form of demand-responsive transportation characterized by the traveler's telephoning for a bus, van, or cab, as he or she needs a ride. During Phase I, a series of ten in-depth case studies were conducted for the purpose of identifying the general stages of the innovation process in organizations dealing with mass transportation, and specifying those factors in that process pertinent to the adoption of Dial-A-Ride by those organizations. Six major areas were researched in the case studies: 1) the actors involved in the innovation-decision process for Dial-A-Ride; 2) the primary factors motivating the decision to adopt a mass transportation innovation such as Dial-A-Ride; 3) the communication channels that provide information and external influence in the local public organization's innovation-decision; 4) the degree to which an innovation such as Dial-A-Ride is re-invented; 5) the sequential scale with which an urban mass transportation innovation is implemented by an organization; and 6) the direct/indirect effects of UMTA-sponsored demonstrations of Dial-A-Ride in the innovation-decisions of potential adopters of Dial-A-Ride. (UMTA) KW - Decision making KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal aid KW - Impact studies KW - Influence factors KW - Innovation KW - Motivation KW - Paratransit services KW - Telephone influence factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316482 AU - Shreve Area Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT STUDY PY - 1979/06 SP - 122 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) recognized the importance of paratransit modes in serving urban travel needs and decided to initiate a Paratransit Program Design Study. This study defined the role of paratransit modes in an integrated transportation system, considered the potential of these modes for providing feeder service to regular transit systems as well as their potential as substitutes for the private automobiles and mass transit systems. This report will review operational experience of paratransit modes accrued to date in the Shreveport-Bossier City area, assess their potential for serving urban transportation needs, and propose a design program for identifying innovations in providing paratransit services which will be beneficial to the citizens of Shreveport and Bossie City. Service is considered adequate, the only disadvantage being the cost of fare. Perhaps in the future, regulations permitting taxicab service could be coordinated with the transit system and serve as a feeder mode of travel. If all dial-a-ride services were coordinated as one, the possibility of these services being able to provide both feeder service and local door-to-door service at a lower cost than could the taxicab, would be a desirable alternative. Currently there is very little pooling in the study area. Carpooling and vanpooling participation should be encouraged by the local jurisdiction as a viable transportation alternative relieve traffic congestion, lower parking requirements, and provide savings in commuter cost to members participating in shared riding. The existing services provided by SporTran is considered excellent, with the exception of West Shreveport and the Cooper Road areas. With implementation of paratransit services to those areas, SA-COG concludes public transit services woold then be accessible to all local residents in need of public transportation. The Shreve Area Council of Governments is recommending a combined express bus route/paratransit system for the West Shreveport area. The express buses are an alternative to alleviate potential transportation problems incurred by increased traffic to AMI, GM, GE, and the remainder of the West Shreveport Industrial Park. The Shreve Area Council of Governments recommends that the two jitneys presently in operation be phased out and replaced with a fixed-route paratransit van system. The proposed paratransit van system for this area would lessen walking distance to SporTran's bus stop for Cooper Road residents. Broadmoor and South Bossier are two areas SA-COG feels should be further studied for possible extension of transit service and/or inclusion of some form of paratransit service at a later date. At this time SporTran is not providing Sunday service at all on the two Bossier City routes and the Cooper Road route. A survey would need to be conducted to establish a "need" for Sunday service in these areas. (Author) KW - Accessibility KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Jitneys KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304670 AU - Hunter, J P AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN SERVICE AGENCY TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION PY - 1979/06 SP - 101 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to compare the costs of independent special purpose transportation services with the costs of combined transportation services and to study the reasibility of coordinating existing transit to satisfy the transportation needs of human service agencies in various sized communities. This report contains the California Department of Transportation's (Caltrans) study of the feasibility of coordinating human service agency transportation in three areas of California, namely: Pittsburg; Fairfield-Suisun City-Vacaville areas; and the National City-Chula Vista areas. Cost and ridership data were collected from these agencies by means of inventories, interviews, and questionnaires. The resulting data were analyzed to determine cost and ridership factors. The cost data indicated that combined transportation costs are approximately equal to the average of the costs of independent special purpose transportation. KW - Aged KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Interviewing KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Service agencies KW - Services KW - Social service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304716 AU - Sanders, D B AU - Reynen, T A AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: A HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS PY - 1979/06 SP - 194 p. AB - The report consists of a handbook to be used by transportation planners and urban specialists for estimating system parameters for conventional transportation technology. Three modes are evaluated: rail transit, local bus and bus rapid transit, and highway systems. Each mode contains an assessment of the following seven selected supply parameters: speed, capacity, operating cost, energy consumption, pollutant emissions, capital costs, and accident frequency. These parameters are organized as proxy variables in describing the characteristics of each transport mode. KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Capital KW - Competition KW - Contaminants KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Crashes KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fuel consumption KW - Handbooks KW - Highways KW - Light rail transit KW - Line capacity KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Operating speed KW - Pollutants KW - Pollution KW - Public transit KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199067 AU - Stevens, R D AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - General Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 5: EVALUATION MODELS PY - 1979/06 SP - 269 p. AB - The objective of the Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Guideway and Station Technology Project is to develop guideway, station and weather protection concepts that will improve performance and reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems. Evaluation models are presented herein which set forth methodologies for the development and evaluation of guideways and stations for AGT systems. The models include concept development and evaluation methodologies for both guideways and stations, a cost model, and an implementation time model. The concept development methodology outlines a step-by-step procedure and describes the work involved in developing guideway and station concepts. This methodology is interwoven with the evaluation methodology so that concepts can be evaluated. The evaluation methodology includes the establishment of evaluation measures and goals including cost and time and a procedure for evaluating concepts in both the schematic design stage and the preliminary design stage. A computerized life-cycle cost model is included to calculate annual costs for capital and operations and maintenance, including power consumption. The cost model includes default values, which can be used by entering a description of the guideway and stations, to obtain an estimate of investment cost by line item and overall annual costs. The implementation time model is presented in the form of bar graphs and network diagrams. Estimates of the time range are presented for each of the eleven major activities involved in implementing guideways and stations. These activities range from predesign planning through acceptance of the work. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Guidelines KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Life cycle costing KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad stations KW - Structural design KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89438 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00196155 JO - Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering PB - American Society of Civil Engineers AU - American Society of Civil Engineers TI - FIELD STUDY OF TUNNEL PREREINFORCEMENT PY - 1979/06 VL - 105 IS - GT6 SP - p. 799-800 AB - The discusser is presently involved in the construction of two diversion tunnels for the Magat River Multipurpose Project which have top headings almost identical to that discussed in the paper. The rock is agglomerate with some tuff and generally of good quality (Class I or II,) although occasional shear zones of altered rock are encountered (Class III and IVA). The general method of tunnel support is prestressed rock bolts in the better rock and steel ribs in the poorer rock. In contrast to that discussed in the paper where ribs were used in the better rock even though rock bolts would usually be considered cheaper and quicker. At Magot spiling has been used only in areas where steel ribs are required and was found to be of most value when fully grouted. The best results are obtained with longer (They are more likely to extend into rock unaffected by the blasting), steeper (If prestressed, they give a thicker stable arch; and, if not, the load tends to be applied in tension rather than in shear) and prestressed (They form a stable arch over the area to be excavated before it is excavated) bolts. KW - Grouting KW - Prestressing KW - Reinforcement (Engineering) KW - Ribs (Structural) KW - Rockbolts KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/91552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199123 AU - Roesler, W J AU - Haberman, S AU - Chiu, H Y AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SERVICE-DEPENDABILITY MODELING APPROACHES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT PY - 1979/05 SP - 117 p. AB - Automated guideway transit (AGT) systems, which are intended to operate without vehicle and station personnel, are controlled remotely from a central operations area. Such an operational concept has focused the attention of system planners and designers on the impact of equipment malfunctions and the means for adapting system operations to carry on service in the face of a malfunction, while simultaneously removing the cause of the malfunction and restoring normal service. Dependability modeling attempts to develop quantitative relationships that express the effects on passenger service brought about by network configuration, operations policy, equipment malfunction characteristics, and recovery-system design characteristics. The purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative assessment of several different types of models to identify their applicability, data requirements, and computational cost. A case-study approach was used whereby a specific test scenario was defined, and each model to be evaluated was applied to the scenario. Quantitative comparisons require that the models provide estimates of the same set of performance measures and be executed in a similar computer environment. The modeling approaches were modified to meet this requirement, were programmed in the PL/1 language, and were operated as executable load modules on the IBM 360/91 computer to obtain computational cost estimates. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Computer programming KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical failure KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Probability theory KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Remote control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199118 AU - Womack, W C AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 4. RELIABILITY ENHANCEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN TEST REPORT PY - 1979/05 SP - 321 p. AB - The Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability (VLCR) Program is a part of the Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Technology Program that provides for reliability improvement to be considered a separate task. A summary of reliability enhancement techniques is a part of this task; it is intended to provide a comprehensive body of reliability enhancement information applicable to AGT systems. It is also a step in accomplishing the enhancement of the specific control systems that are being considered in the enhancement of the four generic control system designs. This document is the final report of the Reliability Enhancement Studies for the VLCR Project. It contains the results of the literature search, the development of reliability enhancement techniques, AGT component enhancement, the use of redundancy, enhanced AGT design, and a detailed implementation of selected VLC systems. In this report, techniques for enhancement are listed in terms of their applicability of a system's hardware tier level, beginning with those that are applicable to the component level, to the subsystem level, and to the systems level. The documents annotated in Appendix I (Annotated Bibliography of Applicable Reliability Documents) represent only those which have information directly applicable to the VLCR project. The objective of this Reliability Enhancement Task is to develop techniques to enhance the reliability of VLC systems, and it includes an extensive survey of reliability enhancement techniques previously employed by U.S. Government and Industry programs. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Spare parts KW - Vehicle spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199018 AU - Holoszyc, M AU - Newman, D A AU - Systan, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTING THE ROCHESTER COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/05 SP - 140 p. AB - The report describes the implementation process and the early impacts of the Rochester Community Transit Service demonstration in four suburbs of Rochester, New York. The demonstration project is an outgrowth of an earlier one which ended in October 1977. The new demonstration will continue until July 1979. In the first demonstration, a variety of demand-responsive services were operated in two Rochester suburbs -- Greece and Irondequoit. In the new demonstration, the door-to-door dial-a-ride service was expanded in July 1978 to two additional suburbs -- Brighton and Henrietta, and the handicapped service became a region-wide operation over a four-month period starting in July 1978. In addition, all four dial-a-ride service areas will eventually have computerized scheduling and dispatching using a dedicated minicomputer. The new demonstration is largely concerned with two institutional innovations developed by the Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority to deal with the problems of high operating costs and insufficient local funding availability. These innovations are the use of a competitively selected private operator and the shifting of the funding responsibility to the suburban towns served by dial-a-ride. The report describes the events leading to these innovations, their implementation, and their results and implications thus far. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Implementation KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Minicomputers KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199047 AU - Schumacher, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 3. LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. PART B: PRT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/05 SP - 178 p. AB - This report, Volume 3, Part B, documents the analytic design and simulation work performed for the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) longitudinal control system. The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate candidate longitudinal control systems for the very-short-headway operation of small transit vehicles. The study included a general view of the state-of-the-art in PRT systems, a detailed evaluation of applicable operating policies for such systems, an evaluation of available control design techniques, and an assessment of key hardware implementation issues. The major conclusion of this study is that PRT systems with time headways as low as 0.5 second appear to be feasible. It was found that conventional operating policies are not appropriate for such systems, but that alternate policies can be defined which assure safe and efficient system operation. One such alternative, the "safe-approach" policy, was developed in the course of the study. The study addresses the "safe-approach" policy develops a controller, and proceeds to analyze and test the controller via simulation. The longitudinal controller operated satisfactorily at a headway of 0.5 second for steady-state, overtake, and other maneuvers, as shown by the extensive simulation results which are included. Appendices are included which derive acceleration profiles, contain simulation source code, evaluate key PRT technology issues, and present and discuss a conceptual control system implementation. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Computer programs KW - Control devices KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Needs assessment KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Signal systems KW - Simulation KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199046 AU - Petrino, E AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 3. LONGITUDINAL CONTROL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. PART A: SLT AND GRT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/05 SP - 836 p. AB - Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems are a potential means of providing convenient, dependable, cost-effective urban transportation. Prior to deployment, technical obstacles in the areas of network operation, vehicle control, safety, reliability, and maintainability must be resolved. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has established the Automated Guideway Transit Technology Program to overcome these obstacles. Since the longitudinal control system encompasses most of the essential vehicle subsystems, it plays a critical role in the guideway operation. The VLCR project addresses those areas where technological improvements at the subsystem level can substantially improve the deployability of AGT systems. This report describes the activities performed in developing single-thread longitudinal control system designs which permit short-headway operation. The study relates to current systems which operate at headways greater than 20 seconds using fixed-block protection as well as systems which operate at headways in the 5-second regime, using moving-block protection. Conclusions and recommendations are included in this report. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Computer programs KW - Control devices KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Signal systems KW - Simulation KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198749 AU - Allen, W B AU - Wharton School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF INPUTS IN THE PROVISION OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES OF THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY PY - 1979/05 SP - 51 p. AB - The project was developed as part of a larger program of research, namely, a study of human resource development in the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority. The objectives of this paper are to express some elementary theory (appendix) about productivity, efficiency, and performance standards so that the case study of SEPTA has a basis in accepted theory. Simple concepts are developed which underlie the understanding of the analysis of the SEPTA system. The paper empirically examines the performance of SEPTA vis a vis other transit operations in the United States and Canada (the peer group) on the basis of a number of performance measures. In addition, more complex comparisons are made by statistical techniques. The major insight gleaned from such comparisons is that the simple comparisons, i.e., not controlling for other factors, yield a different view of the system than do the controlled comparisons. KW - Commuter service KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Quality of work KW - Rapid transit KW - Services KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Specialized training KW - Standards KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314054 AU - BENNETT, J AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE UMTA RAIL MODERNIZATION PROGRAM: EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF SECTION 3 CAPITAL GRANTS FOR RAIL REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION, 1965-1977 PY - 1979/05 SP - 282 p. AB - The report is an evaluation of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration grants for the modernization of existing rail systems. From the beginning of the Section 3 Capital Grant Program through May 31, 1977, Section 3 grant approvals amounted to approximately $6.2 billion. Of this total, $1.7 billion, or 28 percent was approved for the rehabilitation, replacement and upgrading of existing rail systems. The report contains an inventory of rail modernization projects by type, mode (rapid rail, light rail, and commuter rail), and city. Impacts of these funds are analyzed by examining several specific projects in detail. In addition to the examination of project impacts, the process used by two transit operators (NYCTA and PATH) to secure rail modernization funds and to select and implement projects is discussed. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - BNSF Railway KW - Capital KW - Commuter cars KW - Commuter service KW - Conrail KW - Electric substations KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Grant aid KW - Improvements KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Modernization KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling stock KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Street railroads KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326271 AU - Womack, J P AU - Altshuler, A A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF THE TRANSIT FUNDING PROCESS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL PY - 1979/05 SP - 70 p. AB - The study examines the transit funding process at the local level during the period of public ownership. In particular, the study focuses on what the recent injection of public funds has bought and on those features of the local decision making process which have led to the particular uses chosen for the funds. The study is organized around five types of decisions which encompass the key choices made in most localities since the time of public takeover. These are: (1) the decision to assume public operation and subsidization of the transit system; (2) decisions about the uses of federal capital assistance grants; (3) decisions about the use of formula funds from higher levels of government for capital and operating assistance; (4) decisions about the appropriate response to growing demands for attention to the special transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped; and (5) decisions about the appropriate response to the growing fiscal austerity of the late 1970s. The study findings are based on case studies in nine metropolitan areas. The study cities were selected to include a wide range of sizes, population densities and growth rates, mode splits for the journey to work, durations of transit deficits, and local government expenditures per capita. KW - Aged KW - Decision making KW - Deficits KW - Economic assistance KW - Economic policy KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Fiscal policies KW - Government funding KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Nationalization KW - Needs assessment KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Population growth KW - Populations growth KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199003 AU - Swan, S AU - McKnight, R AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DENVER OFF-PEAK FREE FARE PUBLIC TRANSIT EXPERIMENT PY - 1979/05 SP - 59 p. AB - The Denver project investigates the effects of the elimination of off-peak fares on transit operations and costs, ridership, public attitudes, and regional travel patterns. The Denver experiment indicates that a systemwide free-fare program can be implemented with fairly minimal disruption and attract many new riders to transit during low-productivity hours. The distribution of the benefits of such a program among socio-economic and racial groups appears to be similar to that of the prior transit service. The cost of such free service is very high, constituting a major obstacle to implementation in most cities. However, if further study in Denver supports early indications, temporary free fare programs may be more successful in increasing the permanent ridership base than any other strategy yet attempted. KW - Attitudes KW - Benefits KW - Colorado KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Level of service KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Operating costs KW - Profiles KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199068 AU - Duncan, J M AU - Giamboni, L A AU - Schneider, H V AU - Sperry, P E AU - Holmes and Narver, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MATERIALS HANDLING FOR URBAN TUNNELING IN ROCK PY - 1979/05 SP - 349 p. AB - An examination of prior forecasts of tunnel construction provides an estimate of 2.4 million feet of rock tunnel to be constructed during the 1976-2000 period. Tunnel projects for the near term (1980+) and far term (1990+) periods are defined for study. The flow and characteristics of materials handled are defined for the tunnel projects. The state-of-the-art and status of R&D programs for materials handling are reviewed. Based on extensive interviews with representatives of tunnel contractors, equipment manufacturers, government agencies, and consultants, the application of various methods of material handling to tunneling is discussed, including conventional rail haulage, crane and hoist lifting, and horizontal transport and lifting by hydraulic and pneumatic pipeline and by conveyor. Total job cost estimates using these modes of material transport are obtained (with material handling costs isolated) by modification of an estimating technique used for preparing contractor bid estimates. A comparison of the results indicates that major cost savings through substitution of alternative material handling modes should not be anticipated. R&D program elements are recommended to assure that material transport will not become the limiting factor as the rate of tunnel excavation increases in future years. KW - Belt conveyors KW - Bucket conveyors KW - Chain conveyors KW - Construction KW - Construction equipment KW - Construction projects KW - Conveyors KW - Cost estimating KW - Development KW - Estimates KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Forecasting KW - Hoists KW - Hydraulic conveyors KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Materials management KW - Mine cars KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - State of the art studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198995 AU - Wharton School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT STUDY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY PY - 1979/05 SP - 128 p. AB - An interdisciplinary research team of the Human Resources Center comprehensively investigated the existing and projected human resource development needs of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The objectives were to: (1) assist in determining the human resources development organizational needs of SEPTA; (2) identify the objectives to be met through human resource development training; (3) determine the organizational resources and constraints to meet identified needs; (4) develop alternatives to accomplish human resource training objectives; (5) develop a plan to implement a human resource development system; and (6) structure a human resource development evaluation model. The recommendations of the study are discussed and analyzed in the report. KW - Attitudes KW - Deployment KW - Education and training KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Industrial training KW - Job analysis KW - Job satisfaction KW - Jobs KW - Labor relations KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Modernization KW - Occupational mobility KW - Organization KW - Organization theory KW - Personnel development KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Quality of work KW - Resource development KW - Selection and appointment KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Training KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89389 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199064 AU - Simmonds, K J AU - Henderson, F H AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WMATA RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE ENGINEERING TESTS PY - 1979/05 SP - 122 p. AB - TSC has been instrumental in preparing standardized test procedures for evaluation of rail transit vehicles, using the TTC's 9.1 mile Transit Test Track, with the objective of providing a common baseline for the comparative evaluation of rapid transit vehicles and vehicle systems. The test program reported herein was carried out by the TTC to the guidelines of these procedures. The test program data gave a comprehensive evaluation of the WMATA rapid transit car in the categories of Performance, Power Consumption, Spin/Slide Protection, Noise, Ride Roughness, Power System Interactions, and Simulated Revenue Service. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic braking KW - Information processing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wheel slip UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198745 AU - Nene, V D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATUS OF ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR URBAN RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1979/05 SP - 227 p. AB - Rheostatic control of dc traction motors has been in use for several decades. With the advent of power electronics, however, more efficient alternate propulsion systems have been developed. These include chopper controls, ac drive with induction motors, systems using onboard energy storage and ac drive with tubular axle motors. Of these concepts, chopper controllers have been in regular revenue service for several years while others are still under prototype testing. This report is a technology review of advanced traction systems. It is based on information and data gathered from propulsion equipment suppliers in Europe, Japan, and the United States. The report describes in detail the status of all these propulsion systems. The performance characteristics, the significant advantages and disadvantages and the deployment of the hardware in revenue service for all these systems is discussed. The report concludes with a general description of alternate traction motors and power converters. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electric drives KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Induction motors KW - Interrupters KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Motors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle drive systems KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198273 AU - Schultz, T J AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE RATING CRITERIA FOR ELEVATED RAPID TRANSIT STRUCTURES PY - 1979/05 SP - 146 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to recommend criteria for rating the noise radiated from elevated rapid transit structures during train passages, so that different types of structures can be inter-compared with respect to their noise impact on the immediate neighborhood, or alternatively, so that noise abatement programs for elevated structures may be developed on a rational basis. In developing these criteria, the report also summarizes information that is applicable to the rating of rail transportation noise in general. The report examines the requirements for descriptors that would be suitable for rating elevated structure noise, reviews existing noise ratings, concludes that the only suitable candidates are the average sound level (Leq) and the day-night average sound level (Ldn) and examines and resolves the possible disadvantages of these choices. The report also reviews studies that have been made to determine the impact of rail transportation noise on the community, compares subjective response to rail noise with that due to road traffic and aircraft noise, and finds these responses to be nearly the same. Finally, the report delineates and illustrates application of the so-called Fractional Impact Method to assessment of the community impact of elevated structure noise, based on the results of numerous social surveys on noise, and widely used by the Environmental Protection Agency for environment impact statements. KW - Air transportation KW - Elevated guideways KW - Elevated structures KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Perception KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroad facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Stress (Physiology) KW - Thresholds (Perception) KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325350 AU - Womack, J P AU - Altshuler, A A AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF THE TRANSIT FUNDING PROCESS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL PY - 1979/05 SP - 70 p. AB - As it has become apparent that fiscal austerity will be a prominent theme in public policy debates in the 1980s, interest has grown throughout government to find ways of increasing outputs from the limited public funds available. In the transit area, this has spawned a growing discussion of output measurement and techniques for increasing productivity. This study seeks to add a political and organizational dimension to these discussions by examining the transit funding process at the local level during the period of public ownership. The study focuses on what the recent injection of public funds has bought, and on those features of the local decision making process which have led to the particular uses chosen for the funds. This study is organized around five types of decisions which encompass the key choices made in most localities since the time of public takeover: (1) the decision to assume public operations and subsidization of transit systems; (2) decisions about the uses of Federal capital assistance; (3) decisions about the use of formula funds; (4) decisions about the appropriate response to growing demands for attention to the special transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped; and (5) decisions about the appropriate response to the growing fiscal austerity of the late 1970s. These decisions provide the basis for several policy recommendations for Federal transit administrators. The study findings are based on case studies in nine metropolitan areas. Eight of the studies covered all five of the key decisions, while the ninth focused in more detail on transportation services for the elderly and handicapped. The study cities were selected to include a wide range of sizes, population densities and growth rates, mode splits for the journey to work, durations of transit deficits, and local government expenditures per capita. (UMTA) KW - Administration KW - Aged KW - Budgeting KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Local government KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302274 AU - Paaswell, R E AU - Berechman, J AU - Parker-Simon, K AU - McNally, M AU - Cirrincione, M AU - State University of New York, Buffalo AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: FINAL REPORT ON FIRST YEAR TASKS PY - 1979/05 SP - 140 p. AB - This report presents the results of the first year of study into a number of characteristics of an urban area in which joint development is taking place. The objectives of this study are to: 1) investigate the economic and population trends that influence economic and location decisions within the region; 2) investigate ways in which transit serves as a catalyst for development and in particular, delineate and quantify these ways; 3) determine the relative attractiveness of downtown as a retail attractor when compared with suburban regions; and 4) investigate analytic techniques that may help delineate the success of particular joint development projects. The study was carried out in the Buffalo, New York SMSA. Construction has recently begun on a six-mile Light Rail Rapid Transit System (LRRT). This study focuses on Central Business District and Regional development concerns with specific attention to the LRRT. The results of a number of tasks accomplished during the first year of analysis are discussed and brief summaries of discussions with local planners or policy makers are presented. The findings of the study found to be most significant are: 1) the phenomenon of suburbanization is so strong that competing redevelopment strategies, even those of major proportions may not succeed, except under the most focused and intense development conditions; 2) the importance of the combination of population decline and job category shifts must be realized; 3) accessibility is not the only, nor even the most important variable that should be measured by transit improvements; 4) variables that control retail activity linked to transit include quality of the activity, parking, and safety, and that currently, the CBD in Buffalo is not "attractive" enough to offer competitive pull to the suburban malls; and 5) the new LRRT is perceived of, together with a proposed joint development mall, as a positive gain for the CBD. KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Central business districts KW - Economic development KW - Joint development KW - Light rail transit KW - Parking KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Retail trade KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302252 AU - Hoel, L A AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Morris, D AU - Hargroves, B T AU - Stone, J R AU - Cottrell, B H AU - Goldberg, A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SERVICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR A LOW DENSITY SUBURBAN-RURAL AREA: A STUDY OF PUBLIC TRANSIT OPTIONS FOR ALBERMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA PY - 1979/05 SP - 182 p. AB - The intent of this study is to provide planning options for public transportation in Albemarle County and the City of Charlottesville, Virginia. The results are intended to provide a range of planning options for community service, but not a comprehensive plan for implementation. The options are intended for review in a future study by citizens and officials of the Charlottesville-Albemarle area to be refined according to local opinion as an aid to developing a plan for implementation. The options cover future transit demand scenarios depending on energy availability and price, alternative transit systems, and alternative organizational formats for coordinating low density rural and suburban transit and paratransit services. Special attention is given to the institutional issues affecting coordinated transit. This study approaches the basic problem of transportation in low density areas from the institutional perspective of an operating organization. This approach is reflected in the study objectives which are: 1) to define the public transportation needs and demand in the Charlottesville-Albemarle area; 2)to design alternative transit and paratransit services for the Charlottesville-Albemarle area; and 3) to define and evaluate alternatives to coordinate transit services. The findings of the study are based on local transit and demographic data, state-of-the-art transit and paratransit information, and Commonwealth of Virginia laws and regulations. In addition, two local surveys were conducted. One survey measured transit behavior and attitudes in Albemarle County, and the other assessed community preferences for transit coordination. The conclusions of the study are presented corresponding to the three major areas of investigation. Suggestions for community action are presented. (UMTA) KW - Coordination KW - Demographics KW - Energy KW - Laws KW - Low density KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - State of the art studies KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199103 AU - Fielding, G J AU - Potter, B E AU - SIMPSON, A U AU - Tuan, P L AU - Wong, P J AU - DAVEW Systems, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SHARED-RIDE TAXI SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS STUDY PY - 1979/05 SP - 167 p. AB - Shared-ride taxi (SRT) is different from the exclusive-ride taxi (ERT) in that the taxi may be shared by unrelated passengers with different origins/destinations. By simultaneously serving more than one passenger, SRT may improve vehicle productivity, permit fare reductions, and increase taxicab ridership. SRT may also serve as an integrated-transit feeder to conventional transit in suburban communities, thereby attracting new ridership to both SRT and transit. The major objective of the study is to develop the system requirements and perform a functional design of the computer control system (CCS) for an automated shared-ride taxi system. A secondary objective is to identify the environmental and system context in which these requirements are applicable. The study provides substantial evidence that the SRT-CCS concept is not only technically feasible and within the present state-of-the-art but also economically attractive for SRT fleets of 50 vehicles or more. Certain technical problem areas have been identified and should be resolved, but they do not appear to be unsolvable or to jeopardize the technical success of the concept. Appendix A of this report provides a bibliography that covers the entire study, not just this final report. KW - Automation KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programming KW - Computer systems hardware KW - Computers KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic factors KW - Feeder services KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Origin and destination KW - Passengers KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Ridership KW - Ridesharing KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Suburbs KW - Systems engineering KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305787 AU - Tratnyek, J P AU - Koocher, M AU - Schlemm, M R AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TIME-CALIBRATED, SELF-CANCELLING TICKET PY - 1979/05 SP - 75 p. AB - A time-calibrated, self-cancelling ticket has been proposed as a simple device that could be used by the Department of Transportation as an option in implementing congestion-pricing demonstration projects. Such a ticket is a disposable device that measures a predetermined time and then indicates expiration by color change. The work, reported herein, has resulted in a basic operating, practical, time-calibrated, usable self-cancelling ticket based on air oxidation of an inorganic molybdenum compound (Design II ticket). The report discusses several approaches to a ticket that is required to operate from -18C to 66C with 100% reliability and to show expiration no sooner than 4 hours and no later than 20. Chemical reactions, explored in the laboratory for time keeping were based on the use of calcium carbide, 4-methylflavylium perchlorate, and a molybdenum blue complex. Of these the molybdenum blue complex has been developed into a functional prototype ticket (Design II). This ticket is a piece of paper, 7.6 x 7.6cm, containing a blue image of the blue complex and protected from air by a hermetically sealed envelope. Several models of this ticket have been prepared. The authors state that this current working ticket represents a major achievement in the state of the art. KW - Chemical compounds KW - Chemical reactions KW - Color KW - Demonstration projects KW - Highway traffic control KW - Identification systems KW - Inorganic compounds KW - Instruments for measuring time KW - Molybdenum KW - Molybdenum inorganic compounds KW - Oxidation KW - Parking facilities KW - Self-cancelling ticket KW - Tickets KW - Time measurement KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305843 AU - RYAN, J M AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS), THE COMMUNITY AGGREGATE PLANNING MODEL (CAPM) USERS' GUIDE. HIGHWAY SKETCH PLANNING PY - 1979/04/02 SP - 146 p. AB - The report is an introduction to the Community Aggregate Planning Model (CAPM), and its potential uses. CAPM has recently been incorporated as a module of the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) package of computer programs, and is a computerized transportation sketch planning model, which permits fast and inexpensive preliminary screening of highway improvement alternatives. It is useful in a number of sketch planning applications, such as the analysis of urban development patterns, alternative system investments, air quality, and energy consumption. The report incorporates two documents--the CAPM Users' Guide and the CAPM Program Writeup. The Writeup is included in this report as an Appendix. Together, these documents provide information of the program's capabilities, limitations, data needs, potential applications, and computer requirements. Both are now available on the UTPS tape. KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Investments KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Option KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197534 AU - McFarlane, N AU - Shijo, W AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, EMISSIONS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY, FISCAL YEAR 1980 PY - 1979/04 SP - 78 p. AB - This report documents the methodology used by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) to perform a mobile-source emissions analysis of the Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP). The geographical area of analysis was Ventura County and the California South Coast Air Basin, which includes all of Orange County, and portions of Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties. The analysis, required by Federal Transportation-- Air Quality Planning Guidelines as well as California State TIP guidelines, used a variety of modeling techniques and calculations to analyze measures including, but not limited to, new freeway construction, freeway widening, and computerized traffic control. Emphasis was placed on arriving at methods that were simple, inexpensive, and quick since the analysis was constrained by a lack of extensive data, funding, and time. The analysis concludes that the RTIP measures should be justified by traditional transportation reasons (congestion relief, capacity improvement, etc.) rather than air quality reasons. However, the analysis did show that the RTIP will result in a small beneficial impact on air quality. KW - Air pollution KW - California KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freeways KW - Guidelines KW - Highway capacity KW - Highways KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicles KW - Pollutants KW - Road construction KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302267 AU - Magro, W AU - Mateyka, J AU - Mundle, S AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT OF FARE COLLECTION ON BUS DESIGN APPENDICES A THROUGH G PY - 1979/04 SP - 359 p. AB - The primary objectives of this study are: to investigate and evaluate the nature of new bus designs which better accommodate the primary functions of public transit, if the fundamental constraint of on-board driver monitored, fare collection were removed; to postulate and assess new off-board fare collection methods that would complement such bus designs; and to assess the potential synergistic effects of new buses/new fare collection systems that serve to improve transit efficiency and productivity, and overall service to the riding public. The design concept effort was focused on the standard 40-foot transit bus, although potentially relevant to other sizes of buses. The appendixes in this report contain detailed information on transit bus fare collection systems operations and costs in the United States. Also included is an examination of Swiss experience with total off-board fare collection systems. European transit bus design trends and fare collection systems are surveyed. Drawings of a number of new bus design concepts compatible with off-board fare collection systems are presented. A discussion of technical, design, and operating cost issues related to bus design and off-board fare collection is presented. A very extensive bibliography on fare collection and transit bus design trends is included. (UMTA) KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Fare collection KW - Impacts KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313627 AU - Flusberg, M AU - Kruger, J A AU - Curry, J AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS TRANSIT MONITORING STUDY: DATA REQUIREMENTS AND COLLECTION TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/04 SP - 86 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive statistically-based data collection manual that will enable transit operators to collect passenger-related data in a cost-effective manner which maximizes the usefulness of the overall data base. This first interim report presents the results of the first two tasks of the study, which were to identify current data collection techniques and data requirements. These two closely related tasks were conducted in parallel through three major activities: (1) a literature review; (2) a review of material collected by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and the Tidewater Transportation Commission in Norfolk, Virginia in a study for UMTA, focusing on service evaluation techniques; and (3) discussions with forty-one transit properties in the United States and Canada. KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Interviewing KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Systems management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469766 AU - Colman, S B AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE STUDIES IN REDUCED-FARE TRANSIT: PORTLAND'S FARELESS SQUARE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/04 SP - 29 p. AB - This report describes the downtown Portland free-fare zone ("Fareless Square") in terms of the transportation characteristics of the system, characteristics of the area served, and the institutional roles of agencies involved with the program. The report also summarizes some of the operational problems and costs encountered with the service. Results of a user survey are presented in order to aid the assessment of impacts and benefits relative to costs, including impacts on traffic and parking, air quality, and downtown retail sales. Finally, future plans for the system are reviewed, and a summary of conclusions applicable to other areas is presented. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469767 AU - Colman, S B AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE STUDIES IN REDUCED-FARE TRANSIT: SEATTLE'S MAGIC CARPET. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/04 SP - 41 p. AB - This report describes the downtown Seattle free-fare zone ("Magic Carpet") in terms of transportation characteristics of the system, characteristics of the area served, and the institutional roles of agencies involved with the program. The report also summarizes some of the operational problems and costs encountered with the service. Results of two user surveys are presented in order to aid the assessment of impacts and benefits relative to costs, including impacts on traffic and parking, air quality, and downtown retail sales. Finally, future plans for the system are reviewed, and a summary of conclusions applicable to other areas is presented. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Pricing KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197459 AU - Chambliss, A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT TECHNICAL DATA PY - 1979/04 SP - 124 p. AB - The intent of this compendium is to provide background data for general, management-level discussions of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) programs, systems, and other urban transportation modes. Data are presented on general system characteristics, cost, energy, and environmental issues for AGT, rapid rail, light rail, and transit bus systems. In addition, a summary of 19 Downtown People Mover (DPM) proposals is provided. Raw data and assumptions are supplied in an appendix to provide a base for additional study. Data are divided into four main sections: Section 1.0, AGT Overview, provides a perspective of AGT development through review of UMTA AGT programs, vehicles, guideway lane miles installed, and systems in use, proposed, or under construction; Section 2.0, Transportation System Economics, presents data on capital, operating and maintenance costs of various transportation modes (AGT, bus, rail, and light rail); Section 3.0, Energy and Environmental Issues, emphasize energy consumption and energy resource supply and production allocations; Section 4.0, Downtown People Mover Summary, presents data from the proposals of 19 cities selected by UMTA for detailed evaluation in the DPM Project. The information includes city estimates of DPM capital cost, operating and maintenance cost, ridership, and operating hours. Raw data and background information used in calculating the system economic parameters of Section 2.0 and the energy consumption of Section 3.0 are provided in the Appendix. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Buses KW - Capital KW - Capitalized costs KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Estimates KW - Light rail transit KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Statistics KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349715 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIESEL BUS PERFORMANCE SIMULATION PROGRAM PY - 1979/04 SP - 202 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Performance evaluations KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305554 AU - Kershner, D L AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NETWORK ANALYSES OF ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/04 SP - 86 p. AB - The Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) system concept, currently under development by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), is characterized by moderate capacity (12 passenger), computer-controlled vehicles operating at headways as low as 3 seconds over a dedicated network of guideways with off-line stations. This report covers work conducted under the heading of network analyses for UMTA. The purpose of this work is to provide assessments of AGRT in various urban applications. AGRT is being designed and developed as a system capable of deployment in urban applications ranging from circulation systems to urban regional transportation systems. This report analyzes the operational and performance characteristics of AGRT for moderate-to-large network configurations. Three AGRT network scenarios, ranging in extent from 26 to 187 lane miles of guideway were evaluated. The evaluation of each scenario was performed by a computer network assessment model and includes studies of operating policy parameters, system capacity, life-cycle costs, and service dependability. The flow of vehicles, passenger service, system costs, and energy utilization characteristics of AGRT were computed and presented for each scenario. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Capacity KW - Energy KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Regions KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304646 AU - Shladover, Steven E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATION OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES IN DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURED TRAINS AND PLATOONS (EXTENDED SUMMARY) PY - 1979/04 SP - 112 p. AB - This project grew out of a conviction that an automated guideway transit (AGT) system had the flexibility of operating either with individual vehicles or with functional multi-vehicle trains, with the capability of forming (entraining) and splitting (extraining) trains during trips, could offer significant advantages over either single vehicles or fixed train systems for some urban applications. The study serves as a broad-based preliminary evaluation of the potential advantages and disadvantages of entrained AGT. It includes an investigation of the applications for which entrained AGT is well suited, and an assessment of how much capacity improvement it can offer. The study shows that passenger capacity of AGT systems may be increased by operating vehicles in dynamically-reconfigured trains or platoons. It is estimated that a minimum lane capacity of 5,000 to 10,000 passengers per hour is needed to make single-party AGT economically competitive with buses and that this capacity requires the use of trains. The longitudinal control systems needed to effect dynamic en/extrainment with platoon operations at spacings of 30--60 cm are developed herein with particular attention to stability, jerk limiting requirements, safety and passenger comfort. The capacity advantage of entraining is demonstrated for a single guideway link and for merge junctions, using Monte Carlo simulation. Variable-slot-length point-follower control is shown to reduce merge delays and maneuver ramp lengths compared with fixed-slot methods. The "zero gap" merge scheme developed produces dramatic improvement compared with conventional merge strategies. KW - Air entrainment KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Controllers KW - Dynamic characteristics KW - Dynamics KW - Entrainment KW - Headways KW - Line capacity KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger comfort KW - Planning KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314790 AU - Flusberg, M AU - Kruger, J AU - Curry, J AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated TI - BUS TRANSIT MONITORING STUDY: INTERIM REPORT 1: DATA REQUIREMENTS AND COLLECTION TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/04 SP - 86 p. AB - In recent years, an interest in revitalizing public transportation has led to an increased awareness of the need to utilize existing resources more efficiently. This implies that transit properties must carefully evaluate, or re-evaluate, all services, both current and planned. As a result, the collection of passenger-related transit operations data has received much more attention. Research into the utilization of this data has received much more attention. Research into the utilization of this data has considerably advanced the state-of-the-art of transit evaluation and, simultaneously, generated considerable controversy regarding its proper role. Some transit operators, faced with an increasing need to provide the most effective service, have adopted sets of performance measures and standards and have developed plans for using them in a systematic service evaluation. In many cases, however, transit operators have not been able to implement the measures and standards because they have had difficulty in developing a cost-effective system to collect the needed information. To assist these operators, UMTA's Office of Planning Assistance, through its Special Studies Program, has initiated a study in data collection. The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive statistically-based data collection manual that will enable transit operators to collect passenger-related data in a cost-effective manner which maximizes the usefulness of the overall data base. This first interim report presents the results of the first two tasks of the study, which were to identify current data collection techniques and data requirements. These two closely related tasks were conducted in parallel through three major activities: 1) a literature review; 2) a review of material collected by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Commission in Norfolk, Virginia, in a study for UMTA, focusing on service evaluation techniques; and 3) discussions with forty-one transit properties in the United States and Canada. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56354/bustransitmonit0990mult_4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197460 AU - Levitt, R E AU - Ashley, D B AU - Logcher, R D AU - Dziekan, M W AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR ANALYZING THE ALLOCATION OF RISKS IN TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/04 SP - 156 p. AB - The report presents a conceptual model of risk that was developed to analyze the impact on owner's cost of alternate allocations of risk among owner and contractor in mass transit construction. A model and analysis procedure are developed, based on decision analysis but extending the standard methodology to include: (1) explicit consideration of risk as an incentive to perform, and (2) the interaction between two decision-makers (owner and contractor) trading risk for price. KW - Actuarial mathematics KW - Allocations KW - Analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Contract administration KW - Contractors KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Decision theory KW - Economic impacts KW - Economic models KW - Hazards KW - Incentives KW - Insurance KW - Liability KW - Prices KW - Probability theory KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Surveying KW - Surveying UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307967 AU - Carter, M M AU - Watkins, R H AU - O'Doherty, J D AU - Iwabuchi, M AU - Schultz, G W AU - Hinkle, J J AU - Comsis Corporation AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Pratt (RH) Associates, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT CORRIDOR ANALYSIS-A MANUAL SKETCH PLANNING TECHNIQUE PY - 1979/04 SP - 207 p. AB - The development of the manual sketch planning technique was undertaken for UMTA as part of its Software Systems Development Program (SSDP). This handbook is a revised version of the May 1976 draft final report. Modifications have been made to the transit impedance of nomographs based on experience gained through testing of the procedures. Additionally, the cost calculations have been updated to reflect unit costs as reported in the July 1977 release of the Characteristics of Urban Transportation Systems (CUTS) manual. The technique, in its final form, will become a module of the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS). Thus, it will be a useful addition to the set of planning tools now available. This user's handbook describes a sketch planning technique for quick first evaluations of urban transportation planning proposals-- a manual technique which does not require computers--and presents the technique's computational steps, which rely heavily on graphic aids in an orderly manner and minute detail. The manual technique is useful in the analysis of short and long range plans for urban line-haul transit systems. The technique does not provide a single, definitive solution, but it can provide for each system, alternative measures of demand, performance (cost and travel times) and impact to help local decision making. The technique has three modular phases: demand estimates; cost analysis; and impact analysis. It is also modular within the phases, since the user is free at many points to substitute his or her own data or analytical techniques and to substitute local estimates for the default values supplied. This manual has four divisions. The introduction describes the purposes and uses of the technique. The second chapter, an overview, discusses general parameters and assumptions and identifies those situations in which the technique can be applied. The third chapter describes the method and computation procedures and gives examples of each step of the procedures as applied to a sample problem. The appendices contain nomographs and blank work sheets which can, at the user's option, be used to make some of the calculations. KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Needs assessment KW - Nomographs KW - Public transit KW - Software KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305753 AU - Suhrbier, J H AU - Wagner, F A AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VANPOOL RESEARCH: STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW PY - 1979/04 SP - 117 p. AB - A wide dichotomy of viewpoints currently exist regarding the growth of employer-based, third-party, and owner-operator vanpool programs. The purpose of the report is to identify existing vanpool research activities of Federal, state, and local governments, private organizations, and universities; to assess the current state of knowledge, based on this research, of vanpool operating characteristics, institutional issues, and ridership; to determine areas where additional vanpool research may be needed; and to provide guidance in future vanpool-related demonstration projects. The authors state that although the assessment of vanpooling that emerges from both a review of available material and discussions with those active in the field is mixed, an examination of available vanpool information indicates a lack of reliable and objective evaluation data on the relative costs and effectiveness of different vanpooling arrangements. The study implies that the success of vanpool programs should be evaluated over a three- to five-year period. The proposed research needs herein are oriented to those individuals attempting to operate vanpool programs by increasing the current state of knowledge of vanpooling as a travel mode, by developing improved operational techniques in support of program management, and by relating vanpooling to other urban area transportation activities. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Operations KW - Policy KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - State government KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation research KW - Travel KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302268 AU - Holcombe, H AU - Magro, W AU - Mateyka, J AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT OF FARE COLLECTION ON BUS DESIGN SN - IT-06-0132 PY - 1979/04 SP - 54 p. AB - The primary objectives of this study are: to investigate and evaluate the nature of new bus designs which better accommodate the primary functions of public transit, if the fundamental constraint of on-board, driver monitored, fare collection were removed; to postulate and assess new off-board fare collection methods that would complement such bus designs; and to assess the potential synergistic effects of new buses/new fare collection systems that serve to improve transit efficiency and productivity, and overall service to the riding public. The design concept effort was focused on the standard 40-foot transit bus, although potentially relevant to other sizes of buses. This report examines the potential impact on transit bus design of freeing the bus designer from the constraint that fares must be collected and monitored on-board the bus by the driver. Conceptual transit bus designs are developed, which offer the potential for operating cost reductions and substantial improvements in passenger service characteristics. Current U.S. fare collection costs and total bus operating costs are assessed and compared to those possible with new buses and compatible off-board fare collection systems. The report contains considerable information on both bus design and fare collection system trends in the U.S. and Western Europe. Although this study focused on the standard 40-foot transit bus, results herein indicate that operational benefits of off-board fare collection become greater on high capacity vehicles rather than on 40-foot transit buses. KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Fare collection KW - Impacts KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304720 AU - Carter, M M AU - Watkins, R H AU - O'Doherty, J D AU - Iwabuchi, M AU - Schultz, G W AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT CORRIDOR ANALYSIS - A MANUAL SKETCH PLANNING TECHNIQUE PY - 1979/04 SP - 207 p. AB - This is a user's handbook. It describes a sketch planning technique for quick first evaluations of urban transportation planning proposals--a manual technique which does not require computers. It presents the technique's computational steps, which rely heavily on graphic aids, in an orderly manner and minute detail. The technique is useful in the analysis of short and long range plans for urban line-haul transit systems. The manual technique does not provide a single, definitive solution, but it can provide, for each system, alternative measures of demand, performance (cost and travel times), and impact to help local decision making. The technique has three modular phases: demand estimate, cost analysis, and impact analysis. It is also modular within the phases, since the user is free at many points to substitute his own data or analytical techniques and to substitute local estimates for the default values supplied. This book has four divisions. The introduction describes the purposes and uses of the technique. The second chapter, an overview, discusses general parameters and assumptions, and identifies those situations in which the technique can be applied. The third chapter describes the method and computation procedures and gives examples of each step of the procedures as applied to a sample problem. The appendices contain nomographs and blank work sheets which can, at the user's option, be used to make some of the calculations. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Buses KW - Commuter service KW - Competition KW - Corridors KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Level of service KW - Line capacity KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Location KW - Nomographs KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Planning KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199130 AU - Heaton, C AU - Jacobson, J AU - Poage, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPARISON OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF FOUR VANPOOL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1979/04 SP - 114 p. AB - The study describes the organizational and operational aspects of four Service and Methods Demonstration projects involving vanpooling. The projects are located in San Francisco, California; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Norfolk, Virginia. All of the projects involve third party providers and multiple employment locations. The report compares the projects with respect to management and administration; target group focus; marketing procedures; driver and rider application and selection procedures; van acquisition and provision arrangements; and financial aspects such as cost structures, driver lease fees, passenger fares, and project funding. By highlighting the similarities and differences among project designs, the authors state that the information herein is relevant not only to the ongoing evaluations of these projects, but also to organizers of similar vanpooling projects in other locales. Appendix A of the report contains a table summarizing the project characteristics; and Appendixes B and C contain driver, passenger, and other types of agreements used in the four demonstration projects. KW - Agreements KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Minnesota KW - Services KW - Tennessee KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools KW - Vehicles KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304637 AU - Laube, M M AU - Kocur, G A AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE XENIA, OHIO MODEL TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT SERVICES FOR A SMALL URBAN AREA PY - 1979/04 SP - 265 p. AB - The project began regular operations in July 1974 as an emergency fixed-route transit system, instituted with funding from the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration in April 1974, after Xenia was struck by a tornado. The system evolved in stages from the original relief measure of a free-fare fixed-route bus system, to a flat-fare fixed-route system, a jitney system, dial-a-ride servicle, and culminated in a mix of differentially-priced paratransit services operated with taxi vehicles. The system was operated by a public agency (phase one) and later by a private contractor (phase two). The demonstration served as a test of several alternative transit services operated in a small city setting. Several fare structure alternatives were also implemented and provided data for the analysis of the impact of fare changes on ridership. Additional issues considered in the evaluation are the impacts of transit services on the pattern and the rate of city redevelopment, the effect on competing private taxi services, and the relative merits of private and public operations of transit services. KW - Buses KW - Competition KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Jitneys KW - Level of service KW - Ohio KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Small cities KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel time KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197493 AU - Lenard, M AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW OF DUAL MODE CASE STUDIES PY - 1979/04 SP - 40 p. AB - The report presents a summary and comparison of three dual mode case studies, namely: (1) Milwaukee Case Study, 1970; (2) Milwaukee Planning Case Study, 1970; and (3) Orange County Planning Case Study, 1976. These studies investigated bus-sized dual mode transit vehicles, in the context of comprehensive transportation plans for selected metropolitan areas. A description of technologies, operations, and implementation plans form the basis of each of the three dual mode case studies. In this report, the relationship between the three studies is described; the respective methodologies, assumptions and conclusions are summarized and compared to provide a perspective on the present status of dual mode technology. A general concluding remark stated herein is that Orange County seems less well suited for a successful application of dual mode technology than Milwaukee. This appears to be due more to Orange County being less well suited to any fixed guideway transit service, than to the specific characteristics of dual mode technology. KW - Buses KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Evaluation KW - Guideways KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Technology KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197518 AU - Larson, G AU - Zuckerberg, H AU - Lincoln Electric Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIESEL BUS PERFORMANCE SIMULATION PROGRAM PY - 1979/04 SP - 204 p. AB - A diesel bus performance computer simulation program was developed. This program provides information on acceleration, velocity, horsepower, distance traveled, and fuel consumption as a function of time from the originating station. The program was written for diesel engine operation although heat engines other than diesel may be substituted. Fuel economy calculations, using the program, agree well with available measurements on urban buses and may be considered as representative of a baseline urban bus. Component submodels and vehicle coefficients used in the program have been carefully structured to represent current urban buses. This report includes a general description of the simulation program and the type of input data it required along with the results obtained by simulating a typical transit bus. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Diesel electric power KW - Diesel engines KW - Fuel consumption KW - Simulation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198202 AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROCHESTER NEW YORK INTEGRATED TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/03 SP - 662-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197449 AU - Balaram, A AU - Heathcock, W AU - Hajovsky, R AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 800 MHZ COMMUNICATIONS SURVEY OF THE LOS ANGELES AREA PY - 1979/03 SP - 108 p. AB - A survey was conducted to determine the suitability of using the 800-900 MHz band as the primary carrier of digital communication data pertaining to the Multi-User AVM (Automatic Vehicle Monitoring) Program. Testing was conducted on the six selected routes of the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SRTD) and specified wide area segments in the city of Los Angeles. The field testing involved usage of a test vehicle, communication equipment, both on the vehicle and at the base station, and data acquisition equipment. Results on the area coverage, large and small scale signal variations, message error mechanisms, antenna polarizations, usage of different base station sites, usage of different baud rates, and comparison with model prediction were obtained. The study also involved taking field measurements of such parameters as the noise level, the signal level, signal/noise ratio, throughput, and message errors. The results of the 800 MHz Survey indicate that: (1) Multiple base stations will be required to provide the specified coverage of the six selected SCRTD bus routes; (2) the results indicate that the use of a circularly polarized antenna system does not reduce the effects of fast fades compared to a vertically polarized antenna system; and (3) Baud rates between 1000 and 1800 BPS can be used effectively for the transmission of digital data using commercial 800 MHz mobile radios presently on the market. KW - Antennas KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - California KW - Communication systems KW - Data collection KW - Data communications KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Field tests KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pulse communication KW - Pulse modulation KW - Radio KW - Signals KW - Surveys KW - Ultrahigh frequencies KW - Ultrahigh frequency KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197417 AU - Wichansky, A M AU - Sussman, E D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ASPECTS OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/03 SP - 197 p. AB - This document has been compiled to provide guidance in the planning, design, fabrication, and evaluation of human factors aspects of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Systems, including Downtown People Mover (DPM) systems. It is based on the present state of knowledge in the areas covered and as such it draws on: (1) past and ongoing research; (2) applicable national and international codes and standards; and (3) current practice in transportation construction, law enforcement, fire safety, and military operations. Design concepts such as passenger safety, security, comfort, and convenience are discussed in relation to various AGT subsystems, including the vehicle, the guideway, the command and control center, and the terminal. Potential interactions between AGT systems and the surrounding community are considered. The guidelines also address such issues as accommodation of elderly and handicapped passengers, design to facilitate emergency evacuation, determination of acceptable levels of ride quality, and the optimal assignment of command and control tasks to humans and machines. The appendix summarizes the major guidelines presented in the text in a convenient checklist format; it is intended for use in the planning and evaluation of existing and proposed AGT systems. The bibliography provides references for the reader who needs more detailed information than that provided in the guide. KW - Aged KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Comfort KW - Communities KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental engineering KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Guideways KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - People movers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public relations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Security KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33324/33324.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51100/51198/33324.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349680 AU - ANDERSON, J AU - Thomas, H AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIBRATION TESTS ON TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1979/03 SP - 55 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Buses KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibrational testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349681 AU - Balaram, A AU - Heathcock, W AU - Hajovsky, R AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 800 MHZ COMMUNICATIONS SURVEY OF THE LOS ANGELES AREA PY - 1979/03 SP - 103 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Communications KW - Data communications KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197155 AU - Texas Department of Planning and Community Develop TI - TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED, BROWNSVILLE PY - 1979/03 SP - v.p. AB - The information presented herein establishes a data base for planning public mass transportation facilities and services that can effectively be utilized by the City's elderly and handicapped (EH) citizens. It details the findings of a survey questionnaire which was designed to determine the current level of transportation services for the EH in the City of Brownsville. From this detailed evaluation an analysis is made to quantify those EH persons who, because of their impaired mobility, do not have access to transportation services and facilities. The final section of this report discusses operations alternatives to provide demand-responsive service for semi- and non-ambulatroy persons. /Author/ KW - Aged KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198744 AU - Hanna, A N AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRELIMINARY SPECIFICATIONS FOR STANDARD CONCRETE TIES AND FASTENINGS FOR TRANSIT TRACK PY - 1979/03 SP - 50 p. AB - These revised specifications cover requirements for component materials, manufacturing procedures, and handling of mono-block and two-block concrete (prestressed) cross ties, pads, and insulators for rapid transit use. It also includes requirements for rail fastenings for securing running rails, and the inserts for anchoring both the rail fastenings and the traction power contact rail support bracket. These specifications are preliminary and will be modified, as necessary, on the basis of in-track tests. This report includes Appendix A: "Details of Concrete Ties", Appendix B: "Report of New Technology", and a Listing of References. KW - Aggregates KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Fasteners KW - Insulated rail KW - Mechanical tests KW - Portland cement KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Prestressing KW - Prestressing steels KW - Quality control KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Specifications KW - Steel KW - Third rail KW - Tie pads KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198283 AU - Hanna, A N AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASUREMENT PROGRAM FOR EVALUATION OF CONCRETE TIES AND FASTENINGS IN TRANSIT TRACK PY - 1979/03 SP - 42 p. AB - This report outlines a measurement program to obtain data on the performance of standard tie designs and associated fastening systems under field service conditions. In addition, the program identifies limited data to be obtained from a wood tie track for comparison. Recommendations are presented for a measurement program for monitoring, over an extended duration, the performance of different cross tie track systems under typical transit conditions. The following topics are discussed herein: type of data to be collected; type of instrumentation to be installed; type of equipment required for data acquisition; test schedule; and criteria for evaluating test data. The recommendations presented in this report are applicable to wood and concrete cross-tie track systems. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Fasteners KW - Field tests KW - Instrumentation KW - Measuring instruments KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Test tracks KW - Track structures KW - Wood ties KW - Wooden cross ties UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198265 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION: LOCAL GOVERNMENT APPROACHES PY - 1979/03 SP - 63 p. AB - One of the highest priorities identified by the Transportation Task Force of the Urban Consortium for Technology Initiatives during its first year was providing transportation to handicapped and elderly citizens. The publication describes how a number of localities have dealt with this problem. A wide range of existing innovative local government approaches to transportation for elderly and handicapped persons were investigated and described. Detailed case studies were prepared for most of the services described in the report. No single example presents a complete answer to the problem of mobility for elderly and handicapped persons. However, the examples collectively identify the variety of options which are available to local officials and the need to fit solutions to local situations. In the report, the service descriptions are grouped informally according to the type of service provided in various cities throughout the United States. In the interest of examining the relative merits of each approach, a summary table of key characteristics is provided. KW - Aged KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195945 AU - Sterman, L AU - Schold, S AU - Ferris, B AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT ELEMENT SN - M0-09-0014 (327.0) PY - 1979/03 SP - 112 p. AB - Transportation Systems Management (TSM) denotes a process designed to increase the efficiency of existing transportation facilities and resources by implementing low-capital measures which reduce the need for major capital improvements. In addition to fiscal economy, the TSM process insures that meaningful steps can be taken toward attaining broader local and national goals, which include: energy conservation; environmental improvements; equity for transit dependents; and urban preservation. Several factors strongly influence the conception of the TSM planning process. First, TSM must be an intergral part of some overall scheme or approach to transportation planning in the region. Second, in order to be successful, TSM planning must conform to a key set of attributes or requirements. Third, and most important, the process must effectively generate results, because the process itself is not the end product. TSM planning must produce projects designed to meet preconceived goals and objectives in the most cost-effective and publicly acceptable manner. This report documents the TSM planning process in the St. Louis, Missouri region, and includes TSM goals and objectives, planning programs, projects and concepts, and project monitoring. A part of this document sets the stage and direction for future TSM planning for this area. /UMTA/ KW - City planning KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198205 AU - Lave, R E AU - Holoszyc, M A AU - Systan, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROCHESTER NEW YORK INTEGRATED TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION. VOLUME III: APPENDICES PY - 1979/03 SP - 197 p. AB - The report describes the conduct of and the impacts resulting from the implementation of a family of demand-responsive transit services and several related innovations in Greece and Irondequoit, New York, two suburbs of Rochester. Volume Three contains the appendices, including a glossary, copies of measurement instruments, and tabulations of survey results. KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Impacts KW - Innovation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Networks KW - New York (State) KW - Operations research KW - Productivity KW - Promotion KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196682 AU - Attanucci, J P AU - Jaeger, L AU - Becker, J AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Tidewater Transportation District Commission TI - BUS SERVICE EVALUATION PROCEDURS: A REVIEW PY - 1979/03 SP - 227 p. AB - Over the past few years, rising costs and limited budgets have encouraged transit authorities to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the services they provide. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) and the Tidewater Transportation District Commission (TTDC) are among many properties interested in updating and improving bus service evaluation programs. These programs include a joint review of the state-of-the-art of bus service evaluation techniques across the country. This information will be used to develop bus service evaluating programs for both the MBTA and the TTDC. This report presents the results of a literature review and survey of 71 transit properties in the United States and Canada regarding the evaluation procedures currently in use. The focus of the study was to identify service performance indicators and criteria used to evaluate bus service on a route-by-route basis. Three types of evaluation indicators: service design measures; operating performance measures; and economic or productivity measures, were identified. The range of standards developed for each indicator are reported. Results are presented separately for transit properties owning less than 400 buses and for those owning more than 400 buses. Detailed appendices provide more complete information on the survey response. These appendices also provide the transit operator and the regional transit planner with a compendium of a wide range of performance measures, descriptions of how they are used and how the needed data is collected, a listing of contact persons in each property, and detailed information on available literature. The conclusions indicate that bus transit operators in the United States and Canada are aware that useful evaluation techniques are currently available, and that most systems recognize the importance of such techniques to ensure a more efficient and effective delivery of service. /UMTA/ KW - Bus lines KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Reviews KW - State of the art studies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12214/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88191 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198203 AU - Lave, R E AU - Holoszyc, M A AU - Systan, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROCHESTER NEW YORK INTEGRATED TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION. VOLUME I: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/03 SP - 82 p. AB - The Rochester Integrated Transit Demonstration (RITD) was designed to assess the roles of demand-responsive transit services in a regionwide transit system that includes an extensive fixed-route bus network. The demonstration extended transit service into suburban areas by using integrated mixes of fixed-route and paratransit services. Four types of innovations were demonstrated: service; system integration; equipment; and fares, marketing, and promotion. This report describes the conduct of and the impacts resulting from the implementation of a family of demand-responsive transit services and several related innovations in Greece and Irondequoit, New York (two suburbs of Rochester). The report covers the time period beginning with the implementation of PERT (Personal Transit) services in August 1973 through July 1977. The report contains a description of the implementation process and the impacts of individual services and innovations on the level of service provided, transit demand, and transit productivity. The implications of the Rochester experience are summarized for the benefit of other localities considering the implementation of similar services. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Impacts KW - Implementation KW - Innovation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Networks KW - New York (State) KW - Operations research KW - Productivity KW - Promotion KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89017 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198204 AU - Lave, R E AU - Holoszyc, M A AU - Systan, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROCHESTER NEW YORK INTEGRATED TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION. VOLUME II: EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1979/03 SP - 383 p. AB - The report describes the conduct of and the impacts resulting from the implementation of a family of demand-responsive transit services and several related innovations in Greece and Irondequoit, New York, two suburbs of Rochester. KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Impacts KW - Innovation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Networks KW - New York (State) KW - Operations research KW - Productivity KW - Promotion KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197522 AU - Kurzweil, L G AU - Cobb, W N AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAM: A DESCRIPTION PY - 1979/03 SP - 26 p. AB - This report presents the background, current activities, and future plans for the Urban Rail Noise Abatement Program. This program, sponsored by the Office of Technology Development and Deployment of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) was initiated in 1972 and has been technically managed since its inception by the Transportation Systems Center. The problem of urban rail noise and vibration is described and the rationale for the UMTA funded program is given. The body of the report presents a definition of the program objectives, a discussion of the program organization, and a description of past, current, and future program activities. Major accomplishments of the program to date are listed in the final section. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Light rail transit KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195577 AU - SHERMAN, L AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - INTERIM EVALUATION OF THE MINNEAPOLIS RIDESHARING COMMUTER SERVICES DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/03 SP - 153 p. AB - This report presents an interim evaluation of the impacts of ridesharing brokerage project at three multi-employer work sites in the Minneapolis metropolitan area. The demonstration project is funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration as part of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program. In this demonstration, the Metropolitan Transit Commission is coordinating a variety of brokerage functions which are designed to encourage increased ridership in high occupancy vehicles to non-CBD work sites. The modes being promoted are carpooling, vanpooling, subscription and regular bus. This interim evaluation focuses on an analysis of pre-demonstration survey data. Site characteristics and work conditions are described in detail, including parking availability, observed variance in start-end times, worker overtime requirements and business need for a car. It is shown that these work conditions and the relatively short commute distances to the demonstration site impose major barriers to successful demonstration results. A series of market penetration measures are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the broker's marketing efforts. The results suggest that formal employee presentations are much more effective than passive marketing tools in attracting commuter interest in ridesharing. This evaluation report is based on the project events up to September 1, 1978. As such, conclusions drawn in this report are strictly preliminary and subject to modification to reflect changes in the project during the remainder of the evaluation period. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Marketing KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197369 AU - ANDERSON, J AU - Thomas, H AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIBRATION TESTS ON TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1979/03 SP - 56 p. AB - The objective of this vibration measurement program was to quantify the vibration environment which would be experienced by Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) equipment when installed on buses during typical city route service operations. Two buses were utilized in this measurement program: a General Motors Corporation Model 3100 provided by the Southern California Rapid Transit District, and a Flexible Corporation Model 207 provided by the City Transit of Fort Worth, Texas. The approach taken involved instrumenting the buses and representative electronic hardware on the buses with calibrated accelerometers and recording the output of these accelerometers while driving the buses over selected test routes at specified speeds. In general, the tests have provided a definition of the vibration environment typical of transit buses used in city route service. Vibration amplitudes of the levels measured in the program do not pose a threat to the satisfactory operation of equipment produced according to industrial equipment design practice and fabrication methods. The data measurement system used in this program provided data of sufficient detail to accomplish the basic objectives. In evaluating this program, the authors stated that more accurate and more extensive comparisons of the data would have been made possible by a continuous correlation of calibrated bus speed with data signals. It is recommended that this be incorporated into any future tests of this nature. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Data recorders KW - Data reduction KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Vibration tests KW - Vibrational testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313252 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACT-1: ADVANCED CONCEPT TRAIN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. SIMULATED DEMONSTRATION TEST REPORT PY - 1979/03 SP - 39 p. AB - The Simulated Revenue Service Demonstration at the TTC consisted of two activities, namely: ACT-1 Operation and ACT-1 Maintenance. The simulated transit route was laid out on the UMTA Rail Transit Test Track at TTC--this route is a composite of routes in the originally planned demonstration cities. Every equipment malfunction that occurred was recorded for corrective action in the Vehicle Maintenance Log. The Maintenance Program used to support the ACT-1 cars during the Simulated Revenue Service Demonstration was based on the Maintenance Workbook Items accumulated during the initial test and adjustment running of the vehicles. The report concludes that the Simulated Revenue Service testing of the ACT-1 vehicle at the TTC demonstrated that the ACT-1 cars can be operated consistently with moderate maintenance support. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Acceptance tests KW - Advanced concept train KW - Failure KW - High speed rail KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313209 AU - Loudon, W R AU - PECKNOLD, W M AU - Kern, C R AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BOSTON AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE DEMONSTRATION EVALUATION PLAN PY - 1979/03 SP - 419 p. AB - The Boston Auto Restricted Zone Demonstration Project, to be implemented in September 1978, represents an attempt to rationalize auto, transit and pedestrian circulation patterns in the central business district of a major U.S. city. The demonstration includes such elements as the restriction of autos from certain streets, major re-routing of traffic, improved bus service into the area, improved sidewalk facilities, additional goods movement and loading areas, and a relocation of taxi stands. The demonstration site is located in the Boston central business district, in which roughly 120,000 people are employed and in which roughly 25% of the city's retail trade is conducted. There are a number of objectives associated with the Boston ARZ project, which includes increased retail sales, increased transit ridership, increased transit productivity, increased pedestrian activity, and improved environmental quality. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Freight traffic KW - Massachusetts KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Retail trade KW - Ridership KW - Shopping centers KW - Streets KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322275 AU - Dayman, B AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW-COST BUS-TUNNELS TO THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT SN - CA-06-0116 PY - 1979/03 SP - 61 p. AB - An important aspect of the bus-tunnels proposed in this study is the practicality of converting the bus-tunnel to a subway system. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine if small diameter, unventilated, hence inexpensive tunnels could be used for bus links between the Central Business District (CBD) and outlying areas; 2 to estimate the cost of bus-tunnels; and 3) to indicate the basic features of an underground station and to make a rough cost estimate. The tunnels selected were 16 1/2 ft. inside diameter (same as a single-track tunnel conventionally used for recently constructed U.S. subway rail systems). Concentration levels of exhaust emissions were within acceptable limits to a capacity of 150 diesel buses per hour for a one route-mile bus-tunnel; for a two route-mile tunnel, 54 buses per hour were acceptable. The costs of such an underground guideway are moderate ($16M per route-mile with simultaneous operations in both directions). The incorporation of an underground station at the CBD end of the bus-tunnel, and the ventilation requirements for a typical station are also examined. The cost estimate for the station is in the range of $26-39M. Based upon service, operations, and costs, this report states that use of small diameter, unventilated tunnels for bringing diesel buses into the CBD appears attractive and should be considered. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Estimating KW - Low costs KW - Railroad stations KW - Subways KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302273 AU - TRAVENCA Development Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS WHICH PROHIBIT PARTICIPATION AND THE PROJECTED COST ASSISTANCE NECESSARY TO PROVIDE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO COMPETITIVE AND NEGOTIATED CONTRACTS IN UMTA FEDERALLY ASSISTED PROJECTS PY - 1979/03 SP - 103 p. AB - This report provides an assessment of and recommendations for the removal of barriers to Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) participation in transit construction. Institutional barriers to MBE participation were reviewed in seven cities/sites (Houston, Albuquerque, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Pueblo Test Center), and assistance mechanisms were identified and assessed in terms of their effectiveness in providing MBE access to transit construction projects. In addition, the report outlines a goal setting process that UMTA can apply to construction oriented projects. The research effort identified nine overt barriers that all MBEs are confronted with in the day-to-day operation of their businesses, namely: Management Capability; Knowledge of and Aspects of Financing; Access to Industry; Estimating Costs; Marketing Strategy; Access to all Markets/Mobility; Size of Dollar Volume; Access to Bonding; and Procurement Process. Access to the heavy construction industry was perceived as the most crucial barrier by MBEs, majority contractors, assistance mechanisms (Contractor Assistance Organizations), and financial institutions. Data collection techniques included on-site surveys, interviews, inspection tours, printed materials, and follow-up interviews. The author recommends the establishment of a Demonstration MBE Construction Unit as an UMTA-funded assistance mechanism which will have the responsibility of fully utilizing all of the administrative and programmatic tools available within UMTA, to achieve a goal of twelve percent of the transit construction award dollars on an annual basis. (UMTA) KW - Construction industry KW - Construction projects KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Finance KW - Government policies KW - Government regulations KW - Institutional issues KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Strategy KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308034 AU - Korbin, G E AU - University of California, Berkeley TI - FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF FULL FACE HARD ROCK TUNNEL BORING MACHINES PY - 1979/03 SP - 273 p. AB - This report considers the major factors influencing full face hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance, both in terms of machine boreability (rock-tool interaction) and machine utilization. It is not intended to encompass all aspects of machine performance, but to concentrate on the principle elements affecting penetration rate and tool wear, and their methods of prediction, as well as the geologic factors influencing utilization. The importance of machine design and the interrelation with the tunnel environment is emphasized. Ability to place support and/or reinforcement close to the tunnel face, maintain machine stability, and cope with excessive ground water has a major effect on overall progress. Aside from the information derived from field investigations, basic points are illustrated with case histories (European) from the literature. Rock-tool intereaction is reviewed to asses the major factors influencing TBM boreability from three separate, although related methods. First, numerical models are considered with a view to their predictive potential and the foundation for a theoretical understanding of tool interaction. Second, physical models simulating the excavation process and prototype machine behaviour are discussed. These laboratory and field studies represent the major source of information from which a fundamental and practical understanding of rock-tool-machine interaction has evolved. Finally, the indices and index tests widely employed for TBM boreability predictions are evaluated. This report provides conclusions and recommendations regarding TBM operations as well as a list of references. /UMTA/ KW - Boring KW - Design KW - Forecasting KW - Geology KW - Groundwater KW - Index tests KW - Pendulum tests KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305557 AU - Korbin, G E AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE OF FULL FACE HARD ROCK TUNNEL BORING MACHINES PY - 1979/03 SP - 273 p. AB - This report considers the major factors influencing full face hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance, both in terms of machine boreability (rock-tool interaction) and machine utilization. It is not intended to encompass all aspects of machine performance, but to concentrate on the principle elements affecting penetration rate and tool wear, and their methods of prediction, as well as the geologic factors influencing utilization. The importance of machine design and the interrelation with the tunnel environment is emphasized. Ability to place support and/or reinforcement close to the tunnel face, maintain machine stability, and cope with excessive ground water has a major effect on overall progress. Aside from information from field investigations, basic points are illustrated with case histories (European) from the literature. Rock-tool interaction is reviewed to assess the major factors influencing TBM boreability from three separate, although related methods. First, numerical models are considered with a view to their predictive potential and the foundation for a theoretical understanding of tool interaction. Second, physical models simulating the excavation process and prototype machine behaviour are discussed. These laboratory and field studies represent the major source of information from which a fundamental and practical understanding of rock-tool-machine interaction has evolved. Finally, the indices and index tests widely employed for TBM boreability predictions are evaluated. This report provides conclusions and recommendations regarding TBM operations as well as a list of references. KW - Boring KW - Cutters KW - Cutting tools KW - Design KW - Europe KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Geologic structures KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geological surveying KW - Geologically affected surfaces KW - Groundwater KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Structural design KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Technology KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198280 AU - Hanna, A N AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CONCRETE TIES AND FASTENINGS FOR TRANSIT USE PY - 1979/03 SP - 79 p. AB - This report was prepared as part of an ongoing research effort by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) to develop standard concrete ties for rapid transit use. The overall objective of this contract was to fabricate and evaluate, by laboratory tests, standard ties of different designs intended for transit use. Two tie designs, a pretensioned monoblock and a post-tensioned two-block, together with preliminary specifications for tie manufacture were developed in an earlier study by the Transit Development Corporation. Objectives of the investigation were to evaluate, by laboratory tests, the adequacy of: each of three fastening systems; each of the tie designs; and the assembled track components with ties supported on ballast and subjected to simulated rapid transit loading. Work performed to accomplish these objectives included fabrication of prestressed concrete ties and testing of ties, fastenings, and assembled track components. KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Cross tie design KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Fasteners KW - Laboratory tests KW - Measuring instruments KW - Prestressed concrete ties KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Tests KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197661 AU - Stevens, R D AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 4: DESIGN GUIDELINES PY - 1979/03 SP - 330 p. AB - This report is the fourth volume of an eight-volume final report associated with the AGT Guideway and Station Technology Project. The objective of the project is to develop guideway, station and weather protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems as well as improving performance. This report addresses only the design guidelines portion of the guideway and station work. The purpose herein is to provide design guidelines for AGT planners and designers to assist them in providing acceptable, safe and reliable guideways and stations at the lowest possible life cycle costs. Guidelines are also provided for AGT system sponsors to indicate the type of information that they should provide to the guideway and station designers prior to initiation of preliminary engineering activities; i.e., after all predesign planning activities for the AGT system have been completed. Guidelines were prepared following a review of the guideways and stations associated with 30 AGT and related systems. The review included examination of the design criteria, design codes, site integration and construction techniques employed. The guidelines, which represent the current state-of-the-art in the design of AGT guideways and stations, focus on AGT systems with bottom-supported, rubber-tired vehicles and at-grade or above-grade guideway and station placement. They cover guideway and design integration and the guideway/vehicle interface, in addition to guideway and station design. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental engineering KW - Guidelines KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad stations KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197697 AU - Chisholm, G AU - Bogen, H AU - Dinning, M AU - Primeggia, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF URBAN RAIL NOISE PY - 1979/03 SP - 303 p. AB - This report summarizes seven individual noise assessments of the urban rail transit systems in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Lindenwold (N.J.), Cleveland, Chicago, and San Francisco. The assessments were performed by DOT and contractor research teams using a noise measurement methodology developed at TSC and tested on the MBTA in Boston. Sound level measurements were taken inside the transit car, in stations, and in the community situated near the rail rights-of-way. For the purpose of this national assessment report, measured noise level data have been extrapolated to characterize sound levels at all places on each of the systems. Distributions of noise levels for each transit system are compiled in terms of the acoustic measures L(A)(Max), L(eq), and L(dn). In addition, noise levels in the wayside community (including trains) are compared with estimated ambient community noise levels which would exist if train noise were not present. Finally, estimates are made of the number of persons exposed to the various levels of noise in the transit car, station, and wayside community. Distributions of noise levels and noise exposure are presented for a composite rail system, made up of all seven transit systems. Several Government and industry noise level guidelines applicable to rail transit systems are discussed. Sound level distributions for each of the seven systems are compared with noise level goals developed by the American Public Transit Association. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Noise KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197470 AU - SHERMAN, L AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERIM EVALUATION OF THE MINNEAPOLIS RIDESHARING COMMUTER SERVICES DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/03 SP - 154 p. AB - The report presents an interim evaluation of the impacts of ridesharing brokerage project at three multi-employer work sites in the Minneapolis metropolitan area to encourage increased ridership in high occupancy vehicles to non-CBD work sites. The modes being promoted are carpooling, vanpooling, subscription and regular bus. This interim evaluation focuses on an analysis of pre-demonstration survey data. Site characteristics and work conditions are described in detail, including parking availability, observed variance in start-end times, worker overtime requirements and business need for a car. A series of market penetration measures are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the broker's marketing efforts. KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Effectiveness KW - Employment KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minnesota KW - Mode S KW - Parking KW - Personnel KW - Ridesharing KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178247 AU - Melvin, J W AU - Bender, M AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - HIGH-SPEED CINERADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT FOR BIOSCIENCES RESEARCH: FINAL TECHNICAL LETTER REPORT ON NSF PROGRAM PY - 1979/02/10 SP - 13 p. AB - Primary objectives of this project were: (1) to complete the development and construction of a high-speed x-ray cinematographic system for use in biomechanics research, (2) to determine its operational characteristics in application, and (3) to phase the system into on-going biomechancis research programs at the Highway Safety Research Institute. This system consists of a high-speed 16-mm motion picture camera which views a 2-inch diameter output phosphor of a high-gain four-stage, magnetically focused image intensifier tube, gated on and off synchronously with shutter pulses from the motion picture camera. A lens optically couples the input photocathode of the image intensifier tube to x-ray images produced on a fluorescent screen by a smoothed direct-current x-ray generator. The system is adaptable to a variety of experimental configurations because fluorescent screen size and type can be reliatively easily and inexpensively changed. High-speed x-ray cineradiographs at 1000 frames per second have been obtained of biological and non-biological materials during impact events. Image quality in terms of contrast and resolution has been found to be strongly dependent on judicious introduction of contrast media and targeting material in specimens under investigation. The primary objectives of this project have been successfully accomplished. /HSRI/ KW - Biophysics KW - Cameras KW - High speed photography KW - X rays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370069 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT SECURITY GUIDELINES MANUAL PY - 1979/02 SP - v.p. AB - This manual was written in a way that small and medium-sized transit systems (both bus and rail), as well as major transit police/security departments would find many subjects of value. In addition to full-time security officers, many department heads need some guidance in security matters relating to their departments. Rather than indicate a single solution to a police/security matter, the manual illustrates many ways in which transit security may be approached. The 26 chapters cover a wide range of topics: History of Transit Security; Statistics: Reporting Systems; Policing Concepts; Transit Police Jurisdiction Agreements; Transit Police/Security Department; Security Planning for Bus and Rail Systems; Model and Standard Procedures; Contingency Planning; Bomb Threats; Guidelines for Transit Security Agents During Hostage or Terrorist Situations; Fare Collection--Passes and Special Fares; Fare Evasion; Fare Collection Equipment; Automatic Fare Collection Equipment; Internal Security; Police Dogs; Operational Security Experience; Transit System Vehicle & Facility Construction Design; Security Hardware; Communications and Electronics; Automatic Vehicle Monitoring; Surveillance Techniques and Equipment; Vandal-Resistant Materials for Buses; Parking Lots; Community Relations; Volunteer Programs; Perceived Security; Annotated Bibliography. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Communications KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fare collection KW - Graffiti KW - Light rail transit KW - Police KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Security KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/186243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343583 AU - Billheimer, J W AU - Lave, R E AU - Jones, P AU - Fratessa, C AU - Newman, D AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT HANDBOOK: A GUIDE TO PARATRANSIT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION VOLUME II-PARTS 4 AND 5 PY - 1979/02 SP - 365 p. AB - The Paratransit Handbook has been developed as a guide to aid public officials, planners, system operators, and interested community groups in planning, designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating integrated paratransit systems. Volume II, Part 4, Service Components, Regulations, Analytical Procedures, and Sources (SCRAPS) contains detailed information to complement the planning and design process. Volume II, Part 5, The Appendices, also includes references, a glossary, summaries of individual system characteristics, and other technical material. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Laws and legislation KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridesharing KW - Systems analysis KW - Taxi services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56494/paratransithand0600unse_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343582 AU - Bellheimer, J W AU - Lave, R E AU - Jones, P AU - Fratessa, C AU - Newman, D AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT HANDBOOK: A GUIDE TO PARATRANSIT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION VOLUME I-PARTS 1-3 PY - 1979/02 SP - 443 p. AB - The Paratransit Handbook has been developed as a guide to aid public officials, planners, system operators, and interested community groups in planning, designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating integrated paratransit systems. The Handbook represents a compendium of techniques and experience drawn from existing Dial-A-Bus and shared-ride taxi paratransit systems. Five interrelated sections contained in two volumes comprise the Handbook. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Districts and authorities KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Government agencies KW - Handbooks KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridesharing KW - Systems analysis KW - Taxi services KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56493/paratransithand0600unse_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304635 AU - Schumacher, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. A REVIEW OF ENTRAINMENT TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979/02 SP - 92 p. AB - This report documents the results of a survey of entrainment technology conducted for the VLCR project. The technology review was conducted to evaluate the state-of-the-art in train formation and to identify those areas requiring special attention for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The information which is summarized herein was derived through: (1) a literature search and review; (2) discussions with coupler manufacturers; (3) a questionnaire to rapid transit operators; and (4) a study of transit authority coupler specifications. The methods and the results obtained within each of these activities are described within the report. The literature search involved both manual and computerized search techniques. The most applicable documents are listed in the Appendix: "Annotated Bibliography". The discussions with coupler manufacturers allowed the formation of a list of existing coupling equipment applicable to systems and the assessment of potential difficulties in the adaptation of coupling equipment to AGT vehicles. Areas probably requiring significant further development were also identified. A questionnaire dealing with automatic coupling equipment and techniques was then prepared and transmitted to seven transit system operators. Through automatic entrainment and extrainment (or train separation) of individual vehicles, it is hoped that the operational efficiency of AGT systems may be improved. The report concludes, in part, that due to the lack of information in the area of automatic vehicle longitudinal control, the formulation of appropriate concepts in this area will require more original and basic work. The report presents a number of preliminary conclusions. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic coupling KW - Bibliographies KW - Couplers KW - Fastenings KW - Headways KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Shock absorbers KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304697 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SLRV (STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME I - INTRODUCTION PY - 1979/02 SP - 74 p. AB - The Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) is a 71-foot vehicle, articulated to negotiate curves down to 32-foot radius and designed to operate at speeds up to 50 mph. Although the basic configuration and performance is standardized, the current operating properties (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and San Francisco Municipal Railway) have specified individual requirements for auxiliary equipment and passenger accommodation. Engineering testing on the SLRV was conducted by the Boeing Vertol Company at the Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plans (GSP-064), which are designed to provide the data necessary for quantitative comparison of different transit cars. This report presents the results of the series of tests conducted. The general objective of the test program was to establish a data baseline for the SLRV obtained in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plans and to provide further experience in the use of the Test Plans in testing urban rail vehicles. Volume I contains a description of the SLRV Test Program and the vehicle, and a summary of the test results. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Instrumentation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Statistics KW - Test cars KW - Test vehicles KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304699 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SLRV (STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME III -RIDE QUALITY, NOISE, AND RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE TESTS PY - 1979/02 SP - 178 p. AB - The SLRV (Standard Light Rail Vehicle) is a 71-foot vehicle, articulated to negotiate curves down to a 32-foot radius and designed to operate at speeds up to 50 mph. Although the basic configuration and performance is standardized, the current operating properties (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and San Francisco Municipal Railway) have specified individual requirements for auxiliary equipment and passenger accommodation. This report presents the results of the series of tests conducted. The general objective of the test program was to establish a baseline for the SLRV obtained in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plans and to provide further experience in the use of the Test Plans in testing urban rail vehicles. Volume III contains detailed descriptions and discussions of the engineering tests performed on samples of the SLRV. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Instrumentation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Radio frequency interference KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Statistics KW - Tests KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304698 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SLRV (STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME II - PERFORMANCE AND POWER CONSUMPTION TESTS PY - 1979/02 SP - 66 p. AB - The SLRV (Standard Light Rail Vehicle) is a 71-foot vehicle, articulated to negotiate curves down to 32-foot radius and designed to operate at speeds up to 50 mph. Although the basic configuration and performance is standardized, the current operating properties (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and San Francisco Municipal Railway) have specified individual requirements for auxiliary equipment and passenger accommodation. This report presents the results of the series of tests conducted. The general objective of the test program was to establish a baseline for the SLRV obtained in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plans and to provide further experience in the use of the Test Plans in testing urban rail vehicles. Volume II contains detailed descriptions and discussions of the engineering tests performed on samples of the SLRV. KW - Data collection KW - Electrical measurement KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Instrumentation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Statistics KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304700 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SLRV (STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT. VOLUME IV - DATA LOGS PY - 1979/02 SP - 67 p. AB - The SLRV (Standard Light Rail Veicle) is a 71-foot vehicle, articulated to negotiate curves down to a 32-foot radius and designed to operate at speeds up to 50 mph. Although the basic configuration and performance is standardized, the current operating properties (Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and San Francisco Municipal Railway) have specified individual requirements for auxiliary equipment and passenger accommodation. This report presents the results of the series of tests conducted. The general objective of the test program was to establish a baseline for the SLRV obtained in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plans and to provide further experience in the use of the Test Plans in testing urban rail vehicles. The test program was divided into five categories: performance; power consumption; ride roughness; noise; and radio frequency interference. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Articulated cars KW - Data collection KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Instrumentation KW - Interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Power consumption KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Statistics KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197646 AU - Balaram, A AU - Gruver, G AU - Thomas, H AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PASSENGER COUNTER SYSTEM FOR AN AVM EXPERIMENT. VOLUME I: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1979/02 SP - 78 p. AB - Passenger count information is needed by transportation planners and transit management to determine total transportation system requirements based on projected passenger movement throughout the transit network. This report, Volume I, contains the results of an evaluation of three commercial transit-line passenger counter systems for use in transit buses, namely: Dynamic Controls, Inc.; Dyniman, Inc.; and International Pro-data Corporation. (One counter incorporated treadle mats at each door step, and the other two counters incorporated infrared beams established across each doorway.) The evaluation was conducted to assess the potential performance of these systems for use as part of the Multi-User (Automatic Vehicle Monitoring) System. It involved three phases: (1) controlled testing of each candidate's counting accuracy under laboratory conditions; (2) simultaneous field testing of all three candidates on a transit bus during normal in-service operation; and (3) simultaneous environmental testing of the three candidates' sensors. The evaluation results indicated that the passenger counter which incorporated treadle mats operated by the pressure of passengers' feet, exhibited slightly superior counting performance under virtually all test conditions. KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Measurement KW - Passenger counting KW - Passenger transportation KW - Requirement KW - Sensors KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197689 AU - Edminster, R AU - Koffman, D AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STREETS FOR PEDESTRIANS AND TRANSIT: AN EVALUATION OF THREE TRANSIT MALLS IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1979/02 SP - 255 p. AB - The report represents the second phase of a two-phase project designed to acquaint the planning community with the concept of transit malls and to provide information about three of the most important and interesting transit mall projects to a wider audience. The first phase of the study consisted of a site report: Streets For Pedestrians and Transit: Examples of Transit Malls in the United States (PB-278 487), which described the characteristics and histories of six transit malls. This second evaluation phase is more analytic in nature and quantifies the benefits and disbenefits of the three major transit malls in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and in Portland, Oregon. The transit malls in each of these cities was first reviewed in the site report. This evaluation is concerned with the impact of the three malls on pedestrians, on transit service, on excluded or restricted general traffic, and on economic conditions, particularly on retail sales in the immediate vicinity of the mall. This report contains the results of analysis on the following topics: maintenance and construction costs; transit service improvement including bus speed, reliability, coverage, capacity, ridership, productivity, and system understanding; the level of service provided pedestrians and waiting transit patrons; environmental impacts; pedestrian and bicyclist safety; traffic diversion; parking; goods delivery; and economic impacts. This report documents fifteen major conclusions regarding the transit malls. KW - Benefits KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Cyclists KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Sales KW - Shopping centers KW - Streets KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197647 AU - Balaram, A AU - Gruver, G AU - Thomas, H AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PASSENGER COUNTER SYSTEM FOR AN AVM EXPERIMENT. VOLUME II: TEST DATA PY - 1979/02 SP - 168 p. AB - This report contains the test data of the evaluation of passenger counter sensors (PCS) for use in transit buses. It contains many laboratory/field test data sheets that describe each specific test that was conducted, the number of samples involved, and the conditions under which each test was performed, as well as sheets depicting the data recording format and data analysis. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Data analysis KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Laboratory tests KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Passenger counting KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Requirement KW - Sensors KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197344 AU - Foster, E L AU - MCDONALD, R AU - Wightman, W AU - Toporoff, I AU - Underground Technology Development Corporation AU - Singstad, Kehart, November, and Hurka AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ECONOMIC FACTORS IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/02 SP - 306 p. AB - This report describes a new cost estimating system for tunneling. The system is designed so that it may be used to aid planners, engineers, and designers in evaluating the cost impact of decisions they may make during the sequential stages of planning and design of urban transportation tunnels. In developing a cost estimating technique and method, an extensive review was made of currently available estimating systems. Techniques were adapted from the systems studied where applicable, and new methodologies were developed as needed for optimization. A detailed estimating technique is used in which units of effort are converted to obtain a base cost for a "standard" tunnel constructed in 1976 in Washington, DC. Correction factors may then be applied to obtain the costs in other time frames and geographic locations. The use of units of effort provides a technical base which does not change rapidly with time, but may be updated as changes in technology and productivity occur. KW - Bids KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction projects KW - Cost control KW - Cost engineering KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Engineering costs KW - Estimates KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Structural design KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197453 AU - McGean, T J AU - Elms, C P AU - Cooke, FAF AU - Bamberg, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST SAVINGS POTENTIAL OF MODIFICATIONS TO THE STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION PY - 1979/02 SP - 173 p. AB - This report describes an assessment of the Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) specification to determine whether the relaxation or modification of some requirements could result in a significant reduction in vehicle costs. A Technique of Assessment by Structured Interviewing was applied to include judgments and ideas by each facet of the industry concerning modifications to the specification which would be acceptable and could reduce car costs. A five-stage filtering process was used to select 20 cost reducing modifications from an initial list of 640 candidate specification modifications. The large list resulted from an in-depth review of the current specification. The final set of 20 areas were analyzed quantitatively to estimate cost savings that might be realized. SLRV cost savings of 16 percent are shown to result by implementing the 15 specification modifications which are termed as having acceptable impact upon mission performance. The remaining five modifications have major impact upon mission performance (e.g., unidirectional operation, doors on only one side, simplified friction brakes, no articulation, and elimination of compressed air). Cost savings of 25 percent are shown to result from specifying a bidirectional, non-articulated car with simplified friction brakes and no compressed air and which also incorporates the 15 specification modifications with acceptable impact on mission performance. KW - Air brakes KW - Analysis KW - Articulated cars KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Justification KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Revisions KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195579 AU - Dodge, S A AU - Leffers, D R AU - Indiana University, Bloomington TI - METROPOLITAN EVANSVILLE TRANSIT SYSTEM: MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE AUDIT PY - 1979/02 SP - 119 p. AB - This document is the management performance audit of the Metropolitan Evansville Transit System (METS), and it evaluates the transit system in the context of its goals and objectives and its resources and constraints. The scope of this performance evaluation report includes: 1) the resources and constraints of METS internal/external environment; 2) the organization's governing body--the Public Transit Department Board; and 3) the functional areas that define METS activites. This study of METS management of the transit system employs the use of statistical indicators, random samples, and interviews with key personnel to identify areas for detailed analysis. Resulting recommendations aim to assist METS management to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Among the major recommendations are 1) that METS, Public Transit Department Board, and Evansville Urban Transportation Study's (EUTS) planners should jointly develop goals and objectives, and 2) that METS management and EUTS planners work more closely together. The auditors also recommend that METS install a two-way radio system in the buses and hire a radio dispatcher to improve METS reliability. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Communication systems KW - Evaluation KW - Interviewing KW - Management KW - Radio KW - Randomization KW - Statistical analysis KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308066 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - THE VALLEY TRANSIT DISTRICT: SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY, HANDICAPPED AND LOW-INCOME IN THE LOWER NAUGATUCK VALLEY, CONNECTICUT PY - 1979/02 SP - 310 p. AB - A multifaceted demonstration with special emphasis on service to the elderly and handicapped has been operating since January 1973. Valley Transit District (VTD) achieved operational status as a transit district in Connecticut after a demonstration grant ended, and is providing services to its target population and the general public. It has had a large impact on the mobility of a small portion of the target population, with lesser impacts on the general public. This report covers the entire period of the demonstation program. Four types of service are operated by VTD: fixed-route, demand responsive door-to-door, subscription, and contract services. An automated fare collection system using credit cards and monthly billings was used from 1973-1975. Fare subsidization for handicapped and elderly citizens was facilitated by this computerized system which bills sponsoring agencies. The user-side subsidies and monthly billings were continued after 1975 using manual methods. Of the target population of 12,000, 600 are regular, heavy users of the VTD system. VTD users are mainly low-income and autoless elderly from small households. The system operates 10 vehicles daily; average hourly cost is near $12. Earned revenues are derived from user-side subsidy funds. VTD has withstood several challenges in regulatory and institutional areas from private bus operators and has expanded services throughout the demonstration. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Door to door service KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Special service KW - Subscription bus service KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302271 AU - GREFE, R AU - Grefe (Richard) Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPLICATIONS OF TRANSIT INVESTMENT ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT, SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN PY - 1979/02 SP - 133 p. AB - This study of the implications of transit-induced development patterns was intended to synthesize available information on the proposed transit alternatives for Southeastern Michigan. An investment in additional transit capacity in Southeastern Michigan would accomplish a number of regional objectives. It would stimulate the economic vitality of the region, improve accessibility, reduce traffic congestion, maintain air quality, provide for the flexibility to conserve energy, and slow urban sprawl. The Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority has proposed six transit alternatives which are designed to fill transportation needs as well as this more comprehensive set of objectives for the future of this important urbanized metropolitan area. Each of the alternatives include improvements to the existing public transit system: small bus; express bus; feeder bus; commuter rail; and the addition of a downtown people mover for circulation in Detroit's central business district. Four of the alternatives also include a light rail system which differs in length and in the extent to which its alignment is subsurface. A major issue in public discussion has been the magnitude of the development which would be stimulated within the region's urban core as a result of an investment in transit. Two purposes govern the analysis: 1) to interpret the findings of previous impact analyses in terms of the urban economic, environmental, and transportation policies and 2) to define the magnitude of the shift from suburban jurisdictions and to discuss the implications of these shifts in relation to the relative share of the cost borne by suburban communities or counties. This report discusses and analyzes the need for transit improvements, the policy context of these improvements, land use and urban development impacts, public service implications, financial and fiscal impacts, and equity considerations. KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Commuter service KW - Commuting KW - Competition KW - Cost sharing KW - Detroit (Michigan) KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Express buses KW - Feeder buses KW - Feeder services KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Investments KW - Land use KW - Light rail transit KW - Michigan KW - Needs assessment KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional planning KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Substitutes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304618 AU - Lorenz, D AU - Lindgren, C AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 5. VLCR ENTRAINMENT AND PLATOONING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. PARTS A AND B PY - 1979/02 SP - 534 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation's Automated Guideway Transit Technology Program (AGTTP) is directed towards the development of critical technologies which provide the foundation for the successful deployment of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The program is not directed towards development of complete deployable systems, but towards system elements which may be used in a variety of advanced urban transportation systems. As part of the AGTTP, a project was established to address two critical areas where technological improvements at the subsystem level can substantially improve the deployability of AGT systems: vehicle longitudinal control and reliability. One of the efforts discussed in this report deals with the longitudinal control aspects of automatic entrainment and platooning concepts. The project objectives were to: (1) develop functional and performance specifications for longitudinal control systems for AGT systems using automatic entrainment or platooning; (2) perform an analytical and experimental evaluation of an automatic coupling and decoupling system suitable for trained vehicle operation and failed vehicle pulling and pushing; (3) establish design concepts and specifications for automatic coupling systems which meet the requirements in a cost-effective manner; and (4) perform an analytical assessment of the platooning concept and establish platooned vehicle operation. Work in this report includes review of status of existing technology, specification of design goals and requirements, detailed mathematical modeling, analysis and simulation, development and specification of design concepts and their mechanization, and some experimental validation of the design. The latter will be reported in Volume 6 of the final report. KW - Air entrainment KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Automatic coupling KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Couplers KW - Design KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Entrainment KW - Headways KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Shock absorbers KW - Vehicle spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304696 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SLRV (STANDARD LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE) ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. FINAL TEST REPORT PY - 1979/02 SP - 385 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Articulated cars KW - Data collection KW - Energy consumption KW - Instrumentation KW - Interference KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Performance tests KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Transportation Technology Center UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197631 AU - Lorenz, D AU - Lindgren, C AU - Mahaffy, J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. ENTRAINMENT AND PLATOONING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. APPENDIX B. TRAINSIM SIMULATION PROGRAM USER'S GUIDE PY - 1979/02 SP - 184 p. AB - This document, (a part of the Appendixes of Part A, Entrainment and Platooning, Volume 5 (UMTA-IT-06-0148-79-5), Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability (VCLR) Program), describes TRAINSIM, a Fortran simulation program developed to support the VLCR Entrainment studies. The program is capable of simulating the operation of a single "master" vehicle, a low-speed collision of the master vehicle into a stopped "slave" vehicle to effect coupling, and the operation of a coupled two-vehicle train. Longitudinal control is provided on the master vehicle only. The vehicles may employ linear induction motor propulsion or dc motor propulsion. Section 2 herein describes the simulation model, scenario, and structure. This volume documents the study work done on Entrainment and Platooning analysis and design as related to vehicle longitudinal control. Entrainment concept analysis, entrainment control studies (including maneuvers, simulations, and control concepts), automatic coupler alignment and hardware concepts, entrainment cost analysis, and platooning studies are also included. Part A of this report addresses entrainment and Part B addresses platooning. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic train operation KW - Computer programs KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Direct current motors KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Induction motors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Needs assessment KW - Railroad trains KW - Simulation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199138 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: FRINGE PARKING SITE REQUIREMENTS PY - 1979/01 SP - 64 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. The analytical aid described in this report provides a method to: (1) identify candidate sites for change-of-mode fringe parking facilities; (2) estimate specific parking facility requirements at these candidate sites; and (3) estimate highway access requirements for the sites. KW - Access roads KW - Decision making KW - Estimates KW - Fringe parking KW - Highways KW - Parking facilities KW - Planning KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199132 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS PY - 1979/01 SP - 322p-in 6v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199133 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1979/01 SP - 112 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. The report contains the annotated summary of each of the analytical aids submitted for review and consideration. In each case, it identifies the person or agency that submitted the aid, provides a brief description of the aid, and in many cases, provides a reference document which describes the technique and/or an application of the technique. These descriptions are intended to assist the transportation analyst in determining which of these analytical aids might be useful in a particular local application and they also provide a source or reference for obtaining additional information concerning the technique. KW - Buses KW - Decision making KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Parking facilities KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471416 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR FINANCING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE MEMPHIS AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/01 SP - 140 p. AB - This report documents the findings and recommendations resulting from the study of alternative methods for financing the public transportation services provided by the Memphis Area Transit Authority (MATA). The findings and recommendations are based on a thorough review of potential financing mechanisms, including those suggested by experience in other urban areas and those introduced by prior legislative initiative in the State of Tennessee. The study approach included the definition and technical evaluation of potential financing concepts, and research and investigation to determine the feasibility of implementing specific dedicated financing measures. The report is divided into 6 sections: Section 2 presents the major findings and conclusions resulting from the study of dedicated financing mechanisms; Section 3 provides the details of financing needs estimates associated with MATA's strategic plan for level of service expansion and improvement plan; Section 4 briefly describes the current transit financing process in Memphis and explores dedicated financing opportunities suggested by the experience of other urban areas; Section 5 examines the advantages and disadvantages of specific dedicated financing opportunities; the section concludes with an identification of the most promising opportunities for financing MATA's operating needs with a dedicated source of revenue; and Section 6 provides recommendations for actions to be taken to secure a dedicated revenue source for transit finance. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199010 AU - Connor, D L AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINDINGS OF PRELIMINARY ANALYSES OF THE TRENTON OFF-PEAK FARE-FREE TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/01 SP - 58 p. AB - The report was prepared as an interim informational summary of the progress of the Trenton Fare-Free Demonstration. It presents findings of interim analyses regarding ridership impacts; passenger profiles and trip characteristics; and transportation supply and cost impacts. Given the limitation of this report, it can be useful as an interim informational summary pending completion of the full evaluation and preparation of the final project report. The report concludes that: Mercer Metro off-peak ridership has increased 45-50 percent during all free-fare periods; the Bus drivers have complained that the program has caused them to be late more often and to miss breaks because of more passengers and additional stops; and the cost of additional bus and driver service has increased but has not yet been estimated. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Costs KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Level of service KW - New Jersey KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Passengers KW - Profiles KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89400 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197146 AU - Kansas City Area Transportation Authority AU - Mid-America Regional Council TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1979/01 SP - 46 p. AB - The report identifies the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped, evaluates the current services, and discusses options to meet special transportation needs. It was prepared for local governments to use in the development of their own local transportation plans for the elderly and handicapped. According to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, local transportation plans for the elderly and handicapped must be prepared and implemented in order for local governments to receive any federal transit capital and operating funds. /Author/ KW - Aged KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197440 AU - Levinson, H S AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEMAND; APPENDIX PY - 1979/01 SP - 213 p. AB - To assist the urban transportation planner, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Planning Methods and Support Program researches, develops, and distributes planning tools, including the documentation of novel planning studies, new design and forecasting techniques, and germane research results. This report is an example. Its contents clearly present usable planning concepts and constitute a valuable addition to the growing set of computerized and manual techniques comprising the UMTA/FHWA Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS). This report is an Appendix to CUTD handbook. It offers detailed data on individual cities, roads, routes, stations, etc. These are not in a form that is comparable from place-to-place, but may be of interest from an historical perspective for the urban areas concerned. KW - Forecasting KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Methodology KW - Planning KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Statistics KW - Systems engineering KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88623 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00192146 AU - Peacock, R D AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIRE SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR VEHICLES IN A DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM PY - 1979/01 SP - 56 p. AB - The results of a study to formulate fire safety guidelines to be required for vehicles used in Downtown People Mover (DPM) systems for the movement of people in a congested urban area are presented. Through a review of the design features of existing people mover vehicles and systems, and a review of proposed new systems, fire scenarios are developed and guidelines suggested to minimize the fire risk to passengers. Methods and criteria, based on established test procedures, are proposed for assessing the flammability and smoke generation of interior finish and furnishing materials. Fire and smoke detection and suppression equipment are recommended, along with proposed guidelines for emergency evacuation provisions and emergency communication requirements. An extensive bibliography of flammability in fixed guideway transit systems is included. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Evacuating transportation KW - Evacuation KW - Fire causes KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Materials KW - Passenger transportation KW - People movers KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Smoke KW - Specifications KW - Telecommunications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191677 AU - SILVER, M L AU - Buchus, R C AU - Priemer, R AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1979/01 SP - 305 p. AB - The report describes the noise on and near the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) urban rail transit lines. The CTA urban rail lines consist of approximately 86 miles of two-way revenue track (of which 9.6 miles are in subway) and 155 stations. Noise data are given for specific measurements made in cars, in stations, and along the non-subway wayside at selected locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data is discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Environmental impacts KW - Illinois KW - Information processing KW - Loudness KW - Measurement KW - Mileage KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Sound level KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation noise KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191440 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Slutsky, S AU - Huss, M F AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE NEW YORK CITY RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1979/01 SP - 359 p. AB - The report describes the noise climate on and near the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) urban rail system, including the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority (SIRTOA). Noise level data is also presented for the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) urban rail system. The NYCTA (including SIRTOA) urban rail system has 485 stations and approximately 246 route miles, of which 137 miles are underground. Noise level data are given for specific measurements made in cars, stations and along the above ground wayside at approximate locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data is discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Loudness KW - Measurement KW - Mileage KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Sound level KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation noise KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302256 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: ESTIMATING PARKING ACCUMULATION. VOLUME 5 SN - IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 47 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. The analytical aid described in this report provides a method for estimating the accumulation of parked vehicles within a study area over the course of a typical weekday. Parking accumulation and utilization of parking facilities may be estimated for all parkers, long-term parkers, and/or short-term parkers, based on an estimate of daily automobile trip destinations, an inventory of available parking supply, and a set of parking "accumulation factors" which may be derived from a parking survey within the study area or from default values provided in this report. The primary use of the parking accumulation estimation method is to analyze the adequacy of available parking supply in relation to expected parking demand. The method may also be used to monitor and suggest revisions to automobile travel impedance values used in transportation planning models. Modifications, embellishments, and improvements to the procedures suggested in this report are encouraged should local data or previous analyses suggest a more appropriate method. (UMTA) KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Parking lots KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302253 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: FRINGE PARKING SITE REQUIREMENTS. VOLUME 6 SN - IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 64 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. In January 1976, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued Technical Notice DOT-1-76 requesting transportation planners, engineers, and transit operators to submit useful, but not widely known manual techniques that could be developed and distributed as simplified aids for transportation analysis. Over 70 analytical aids were submitted in response to this request. Based on an evaluation process conducted to determine the most useful, easily applied, and generally applicable techniques, several of these analytical aids have been selected and documented in sufficient detail to permit their immediate use. In addition to these techniques, three additional analytical aids were developed as part of the Short Range Transportation Planning project, and an annotated bibliography of each analytical aid reviewed was prepared. These individual analytical aids and the annotated bibliography have been prepared as separate technical reports and have been brought together in this Manual of Simplified Aids for Transportation Analysis. The analytical aid described in this report provides a method to: 1) identify candidate sites for change-of-mode fringe parking facilities; 2) estimate specific parking facility requirements at these candidate sites; and 3) estimate highway access requirements for the sites. Because the intent of this report is to provide a simplified analysis aid, modifications, embellishments, and improvements to the suggested procedures and models are encouraged should local data or previous analyses suggest a more appropriate method. KW - Accessibility KW - Bibliographies KW - Data collection KW - Fringe parking KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Site investigation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302254 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: ESTIMATING RIDERSHIP AND COST. VOLUME 3 SN - IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 29 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. In January 1976, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued Technical Notice DOT-1-76 requesting transportation planners, engineers, and transit operators to submit useful but not widely known manual techniques that could be developed and distributed as simplified aids for transportation analysis. Over 70 analytical aids were submitted in response to this request. Based on an evaluation process conducted to determine the most useful, easily applied, and generally applicable techniques, several of these analytical aids have been selected and documented in sufficient detail to permit their immediate use. In addition to these techniques, three additional analytical aids were developed as part of the Short Range Transportation Planning project, and an annotated bibliography of each analytical aid reviewed was prepared. These individual analytical aids and the annotated bibliography have been prepared as separate reports and have been brought together in this Manual of Simplified Aids for Transportation Analysis. In this report, an analytical aid is presented which provides a simple method for estimating the annual ridership and operating expenses of fixed-route bus system alternatives in urban areas with population of less than 300,000. This method is based on regression equations generated principally from 1974 operating data for 55 U.S. fixed-route bus systems. These equations can be used to develop preliminary estimates of the annual ridership and public financial operating assistance required for such systems in small urban areas. The equations can be solved using a hand calculator and readily available data inputs. (UMTA) KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Fixed routes KW - Forecasting KW - Manuals KW - Operating costs KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302258 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: FORECASTING AUTO AVAILABILITY AND TRAVEL. VOLUME 2 SN - .1.1 IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 35 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. In this report, an analytical aid is described which provides a method for deriving and using the variable of automobile availability per household. This is an important socioeconomic variable in travel demand estimation. It is frequently not available, however, at the level desired, e.g., transportation planning zone, traffic zone, or census block, or for the current year at any level. In the course of the research in which this aid was developed, a strong correlation was found between auto availability per household and the product of two other variables: the average market price of homes and the percent of home ownership. Data for these two variables are generally more readily available at the block or zone level or may at least be forecast more precisely at this level than automobile availability. This report describes auto availability per household as a function of the product of the two variables. Estimates of automobile availability derived from this function can be applied to trip generation and modal split analysis in transit system studies, route patronage estimation, and sketch planning studies in urban areas of any size. Examples of trip generation and modal split applications of the variable are also presented in this report. It is pointed out in the report, that because of the intent to provide a simplified analysis aid, modifications, embellishments, and improvements to the suggested procedures and models are encouraged, provided local data or previous analyses suggest a more appropriate method. (UMTA) KW - Automobiles KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Modal split KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302255 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: TRANSIT ROUTE EVALUATION. VOLUME 4 SN - IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 35 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. The analytical aid presented in this report provides one method for evaluating individual transit routes for a fixed-route, fixed-schedule urban transit system. Individual transit system routes are evaluated semiannually, based on a comparison of nine performance factors with established route standards set for each factor. Input data used in the evaluation are recorded on a semiannual basis, and scores are computed for each of the nine performance factors for each route according to an evaluation score algorithm. Scores are then added for each route, and routes are ranked by their total evaluation score. The results of the evaluation are used as the basis for route refinement and modification decisions. The report points out that the evaluation procedure is best applied in systems whose overall ridership is growing. Stable or declining ridership conditions would not be satisfactorily treated by this procedure. Also, because the intent of this report is to provide a simplified analysis aid, modifications, embellishments, and improvements to the suggested procedure are encouraged if local data or previous analyses suggest more appropriate methods. (UMTA) KW - Algorithms KW - Evaluation KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302257 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. VOLUME 1 SN - IT-06-9020 PY - 1979/01 SP - 112 p. AB - This is one of a series of six reports describing simplified aids to improve transportation decisions without resorting to computers or extensive data collection. In January 1976, the U.S. Department of Transportation issued Technical Notice DOT-1-76 requesting transportation planners, engineers, and transit operators to submit useful, but not widely known manual techniques that could be developed and distributed as simplified aids for transportation analysis. More than 70 analytical aids were submitted in response to this request. Based on an evaluation process conducted to determine the most useful, easily applied, and generally applicable techniques, several of these analytical aids have been selected and documented in sufficient detail to permit their immediate use. In addition, three analytical aids were developed separately as part of the Short Range Transportation Planning Project, and an annotated bibliography of each aid reviewed was prepared. These individual analytical aids and the bibliography have been prepared as separate reports and have been brought together in this Manual of Simplified Aids for Transportation Analysis. This report contains the annotated summary of each of the analytical aids submitted for review and consideration. In each case, it identifies the person or agency that submitted the aid, provides a brief description of the aid, and in many cases, provides a reference document which describes the technique and/or an application of the technique. These descriptions are intended to assist the transportation analyst in determining which of these analytical aids might be useful in a particular local application and they also provide a source or reference for obtaining additional information concerning the technique. KW - Bibliographies KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191064 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LISTING OF RESEARCH STUDIES AND REPORTS FROM THE TEXAS COOPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM (ANNUAL) PY - 1979/01 SP - 140 p. AB - This listing serves to document all research and technical studies performed under the Cooperative Research Program of the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation since 1954. The index report is organized accordingly: Part I lists the Highway Planning and Research (HPR) studies which are numbered in accordance with the current numbering system; Part II lists studies which are a part of the Federal Coordinated Implementation Program (FCIP), or Demonstration Program of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); Part III lists Technical Studies performed in cooperation with the Urban Mass Transportation Administration; Part IV lists Special Studies undertaken by the department with FHWA participating funds---these studies are not a part of the cooperative research effort, but are undertaken internally on a need basis; Part V lists experimental projects which are undertaken to test the field applicability of new methods and products; Parts VI and VII list HPR projects similar to those listed in Part I---these studies differ only in the system of numbering. This index report also includes the following divisions: Subject Index, Index of Computer Programs by Acronym, Index of Computer Programs by Function, Author Index, and Ordering Instructions. KW - Authors KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Frost KW - Highway planning KW - Highway transportation KW - Indexes (Information management) KW - Indexes documentation KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82640 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01514607 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Greenbaum, Daniel S AU - Karash, Karla H AU - Attanucci, John AU - Bornstein, Joel V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - Implementation and Preliminary Impacts of Shared-Ride Taxi Service at Boston Logan International Airport SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 135-142 AB - No abstract U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Airport ground transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Logan International Airport KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1298626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512007 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Pittsburgh light rail transit reconstruction : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Pennsylvania UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1296331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161648 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - North Shore transit improvements project, Boston metropolitan area : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134544 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Public transportation alternatives analysis in Wayne/Oakland/Macomb counties : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895303 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134543 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - San Francisco Bay Area transportation terminal expansion : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134542 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Lexington Market Station joint development project, Baltimore : environmental impact statement PY - 1979///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304835 AU - Kelly, W J AU - Golden Empire Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GOLDEN EMPIRE TRANSIT DISTRICT SHORT RANGE TRANSIT PLAN, FY 1979/80 - FY 1983/84 PY - 1979 SP - 122 p. AB - The report presents an analysis of the Golden Empire Transit District to determine operations and service improvement needs over the next five years. The report addresses all of the points of the Region IX UMTA Short Range Transit Planning Guidelines at a level of detail appropriate for an KW - Aged KW - California KW - City planning KW - Evaluation KW - Investments KW - Level of service KW - Minorities KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771870 AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT: VOLUME 5: VLCR ENTRAINMENT & PLATOONING ANALYSIS & DESIGN (PARTS A & B) PY - 1979 SP - 473 p. AB - Entrainment and platooning analysis and design as related to vehicle longitudinal control are documented. This volume contains only a part of the work done on Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability Project. Entrainment concept analysis, entrainment control studies (including maneuvers, simulations, and control concepts), automatic coupler alignment and hardware concepts, entrainment cost analysis and platooning are included Part A is primarily devoted to entrainment, Part B to platooning. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Longitudinal control KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Reliability KW - Traffic platooning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771728 AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT: VOLUME 8: DATA BASE PY - 1979 SP - 215 p. AB - This document provides a catalog of the data base material gathered and classified as part of the vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability ( VLCR) Project. It contains 1) an annotated bibliography, which includes short summaries of the documents listed a list of descriptors, and a series of user designators, and 2) a subject index, which includes numerous entries and subentries, and cross-references. The data base lists technical works dealing with vehicle longitudinal control, communications, propulsion, braking reliability, and other related topics. Its purpose is to help planners and designers find the material they need to evaluate and select automated guideway transit (AGT) systems. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Longitudinal control KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488567 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772916 AU - Balaram, A AU - Gruver, G W AU - Thomas, H AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PASSENGER COUNTER SYSTEM FOR AN AVM EXPERIMENT PY - 1979 SP - 2 v. AB - Contains an evaluation of three commercial transit-line passenger counter systems for use in transit buses. The evaluation was conducted to assess the potential performance of these systems for use as part of the Multi- User Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) System. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772918 AU - Ludwick, John S AU - MITRE Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LORAN POSITION DETERMINATION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT : A COMPARISON OF THREE TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1979 SP - 44 p. AB - This report documents the evaluation of three commonly used techniques for conversion of Loran time-difference-of-arrival measurements to position estimates. The evaluation will be applicable to a multi-user Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system to be deployed in a demonstration in Los Angeles. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489341 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771869 AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT: A REVIEW OF AGT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY PY - 1979 SP - 28 p. AB - A Review of AGT Communication System Technology assesses the current state of the art. The review concentrates on the communication links used within the longitudinal control loop. It discusses the criteria for establishing data rate, transmission media modulation techniques and frequency and time division multiplexing. KW - Longitudinal control KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387810 AU - Fitch, L C AU - Rechel, R E AU - Revis, J AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCING TRANSIT: ALTERNATIVES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979 SP - 83 p. AB - The main financial issues facing urban mass transit systems are addressed and the nature of the institutions by which transit services are financed and provided is described. The handbook furnishes information for decision making in transit budgeting and financing. Background is reviewed on contemporary U.S. problems in financing transit, the economics of fares and subsidies are analyzed, and the possible justifications for subsidies are discussed. Summaries are provided of present subsidy programs of the Federal government and those state governments which have undertaken to assist urban transit, and the subsidy programs of the 25 largest cities, which account for more than 90% of transit service. Levies related to special benefits to persons and property which stem from the maintenance or improvement of transit service are analyzed. More general local revenue sources are examined, including the three major broad-based taxes (property, income, and sales) as well as possible local taxes and charges. Each major tax is evaluated by the following criteria: productivity and yield potential, probable effects on economic development, administrative feasibility and special administrative problems, equity, and political acceptability. The problems of borrowing for public transit improvements are addressed. Each potential tax revenue source for transit support is evaluated in terms of advantages/disadvantages; a quantitative rating is applied to the evaluation criteria. The special problems of serving the transportation deprived (because of poverty, age, or physical handicap) are discussed. The relation of organization to transit financing and administration are discussed in the context of governmental structures, as well as the special problems of preparing transit budgets and packaging various transit financial sources to provide the best possible service programs. KW - Decision making KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Local government KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201253 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371524 AU - Haug, A AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM PY - 1979 SP - 133 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Data collection KW - Data systems KW - Information systems KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361821 AU - JHK & Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POLICY GUIDANCE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKERS: A TRAINING COURSE PY - 1979 SP - n.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Decision making KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Policy KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transit boards KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361820 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ST. BERNARD PARISH, LOUISIANA TAXI FEEDER DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1979 SP - 95 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Louisiana KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176549 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318508 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1979 SP - 245 p. AB - This eighth annual directory contains descriptions of current research development and demonstration (RD&D) projects sponsored and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The intent is to make public information regarding UMTA's RD&D activities. The directory focuses on activity that took place in fiscal year 1979. Programs relate mainly to technology development and deployment, service and methods demonstrations, transportation planning and management; other studies relate to local transportation (Technical Studies) and special planning studies; and programs of policy development and research (including University Research and Training Grant Program). The appendixes provide information about federal research and development in urban mass transportation grants and contracts. The document also provides an index of agencies/contractors, a project index, and a subject index. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Financing KW - Guideways KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation research KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155746 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193694 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weaver, V Clayton AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COORDINATION OF HUMAN SERVICE AGENCY TRANSPORTATION: EVALUATION METHOD SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 20-25 AB - The topic of the coordination of transportation services among human service agencies has become very popular in the past years. The involvement of these agencies, whose initial mandates probably did not include transportation, creates the potential for such problems as duplication of services, higher than necessary costs, and equipment maintenance difficulties. While transportation service coordination is desirable, it is a difficult task. One of the major problems is the lack of experience in analyzing agency transportation programs. This paper presents and analytical methodology that should assist in service evaluation and, therefore, the development of coordination plans. Two fundamental questions that must be considered before any coordination plan is developed are addressed. First, how much coordination is good for any particular agency? Criteria were developed to assist in the determination of which agencies would benefit from service coordination and which would not. Agencies were found to vary greatly in the degree of coordination that is useful to them. Second, just what is meant by service coordination? Is it a motor pool of vehicles? Is it a centralized maintenance facility? Or is it a coordinated transportation service with especially designed vehicles and professional drivers? A method is presented for matching the needs of the agencies with the services provided through the concept of a transportation support center that can be developed in phases and offer a range of services to be purchased by agencies according to their need. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Coordination KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Paratransit services KW - Public service vehicles KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193701 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bhatt, Kiran AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COSTS AND PRODUCTIVITIES OF INNOVATIVE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SERVICES SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 63-71 AB - The aspects of supply and demand that determine the costs and productivities of paratransit services are described, the variations in performance of the services are explained, and ways of improving them are suggested. Publicly owned dial-a-ride services are observed to be very expensive operations and, although the potential for cost reduction exists, these trip costs will probably remain high. The current practices of ubiquitous dial-a-ride services and extremely low fares are questioned. It is also suggested that increased participation in paratransit operations by the private sector--the taxi industry--promises significant improvements in the cost performance. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Paratransit services KW - Private roads KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193708 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davis, Frank W AU - Aex, Robert P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION FOR PROMOTING THE USE OF PARATRANSIT SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 102-109 AB - Before paratransit organizations can develop, it is necessary to demonstrate their capabilities to the community. This paper presents a strategy for implementing various paratransit services and integrating these services into the community. It also presents some of the philosophical issues on which paratransit programs may be structured. Finally, it suggests an organizational structure that can be used to promote these concepts and appropriate funding levels. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Demonstration projects KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86295 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193712 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Suen, S Ling AU - Lehuen, Agnes AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REVIEW OF PARATRANSIT ACTIVITIES IN CANADA SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 128-135 AB - Canadian experiences with paratransit services--dial-a-bus services in 12 communities and five car- and van-pooling operations--are reviewed. In general, the Canadian operations have differed from those in the United States in the following ways. The Canadian operations are typically more productive and operate at lower costs per rider, and the demonstration projects have been more modest in scale and the use of new technologies. The introduction of computerized routing and scheduling techniques has usually been postponed until the operation has achieved stability. Dial-a-bus operations are usually treated as interim services to be replaced by fixed-route transit as soon as possible, and organized ride-sharing programs have been subordinate to dial-a-bus and mass transit services. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration projects KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Paratransit services KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86299 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193691 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - URBAN TRANSPORT SERVICE INNOVATIONS SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - 142p AB - This volume amounts to a progress report on paratransit. The papers published here include some that were presented at the Transportation Research Board's Conference on Urban Transport Service Innovations in San Diego, December 5 to 8, 1977, and some that were presented at the Fifty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in January 1978. They review both American and Canadian experiences with shared-ride services such as car pools, van pools, shared-ride taxi services, subscription bus services, and dial-a-ride and demand-responsive services for special-need groups. One common characteristic of these services is their ability to respond flexibily to the spatial patterns and temporal rhythms of travel demand. Another common characteristics is a recent record of increased interest and relatively rapid program expansion. The pace of recent developments argues that this is an appropriate time to review the performance of shared-ride programs and the direction of paratransit innovations. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Carpools KW - Conferences KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - Special service KW - Subscription bus service KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193704 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morgan, Anthony I AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SERVICE PLANNING AND MARKETING SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 79-84 AB - Two models are discussed for predicting the demand estimate for new transit services or service modification--macroscopic mathematical models based on land-use and population characteristics and marketing models based on consumer awareness of and attitude toward service. The way consumer marketing was applied to the Nashville marketing demonstration project sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration is described. Attitudinal change was more predictive of increased ridership than any other factor. A methodology and a predictive equation based on theoretical data for quantifying the relation between consumer attitudes and transportation ridership is proposed. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Attitudes KW - Correlation analysis KW - Macroscale KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86291 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193705 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zaelke, Durwood AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LABOR, PARATRANSIT, AND SECTION 13C SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 84-91 AB - There are many legal and institutional strategies that transit labor can use to protect itself from unwanted innovation; this paper examines the specific protection given by section 13c of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964. The paper begins with a description of the mass transportation system to which section 13c applies and then describes the use of competitive brokerage for the selection of new mass transportation services. It next discusses the historical context of section 13c and the application of this section to the acquisition of private mass transit companies by using Urban Mass Transportation Administration funds. Finally, the paper describes various applications of section 13c that affect paratransit innovation, including competitive brokerage, and recommends measures for ameliorating any adverse effects such applications may cause. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Labor law KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86292 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193696 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - MIESSE, C C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REDUCTIONS IN VEHICLE TRAVEL BY USE OF CAR AND VAN POOLS IN MAJOR METROPOLITAN AREAS SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 34-38 AB - Techniques are developed for determining the car- and van-pool potential of major employment centers as functions of employee residential distribution and income level. The techniques are based on an automobile-occupancy model previously developed for the national capital area and an empirical van-pool model derived from the highly successful van-pool program by the 3M Company in St. Paul. Application of the techniques to private and government employment centers in the national capital area indicates a potential 10 percent reduction in peak-hour traffic and a potential saving of 3.5 percent of total gasoline consumption. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Carpools KW - Fuel consumption KW - Markets KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Urban areas KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86283 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193698 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wegmann, Frederick J AU - Chatterjee, Arun AU - Stokey, Stanley R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF AN EMPLOYER-BASED COMMUTER RIDE-SHARING PROGRAM SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 43-49 AB - The commuter ride-sharing program developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority for its employees in Knoxville, Tennessee, uses a variety of transportation modes--express buses van pools and car pools. The program has been very successful with 2686 employees (79 percent of the total work force of 3400 employees) participating. The program has different implications for the employer, the employees, and the community; these implications for each interest group are quantified in terms of benefits and costs. The analysis shows that by supporting the ride-sharing demonstration program, the employer was able to avoid the cost of constructing a new parking structure for the employees and that the resulting annual savings are larger than the annual cost of the subsidies to the program that are paid as an incentive to participating employees. From the standpoint of the employees, the program resulted in a substantial reduction in commuting costs. The reduction in fuel consumption that can be attributed to ride sharing was quantified, and the consequences in terms of improved traffic operating conditions along a major travel corridor and the favorable impact on the local transit system were examined. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Fuel consumption KW - Ridesharing KW - Subsidies KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86285 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193700 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, David W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COST-REVENUE SQUEEZE IN CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 58-63 AB - Transit ridership is increasing after more than 2 decades of decline. But the share of the travel market held by transit continues to decrease relative to that of the automobile, and the reverse of patronage decline has been achieved at enormous cost. Operating losses have escalated at a rate (more than 30 percent/year) that cannot be sustained. In part, this is due to inflation, the increasing cost of fuel, the aggressive bargaining posture of transit unions, and a policy of fare stabilization. But the more fundamental reasons are (a) the evolution of urbanization and social interaction patterns that are incompatible with the operating regime of conventional transit and (b) the introduction of costly and underused services stimulated by formula subsidy programs based on fair-share politics. The cost of transit deficits is evident in taxes. But there are other, less evident, costs of expecting too much from transit. These include the failure to develop a coherent national policy toward the future of the automobile and the highway system. Paratransit can be a part of the solution if it offers a way of lowering expectations and focusing attention on the cost-effectiveness and market potential of competing alternatives. It can be part of the problem if it creates new expectations that serve to establish the right to service regardless of need. The best possibility for restraining costs and matching services to needs seems to lie in the reform of the subsidy allocation process. If regional planning agencies or general purpose governments could be given greater discretion to allocate federal funds, competitive bidding arrangements could be used to secure quality service from the most efficient vendor. This would entail severing the direct connection from the federal treasury to the transit properties and designating nonoperating agencies as the recipients of federal operating funds. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Deficits KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193702 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davis, Frank W AU - Burkhalter, David A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PARATRANSIT INNOVATIONS SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 71-77 AB - Transportation has a rigid background of laws, regulations, and business practices developed during the late 1800s that strongly influences the transportation options available today. This paper examines some of the assumptions on which these policies and practices are based. Several alternative approaches and ways in which they could be implemented are suggested. In addition, specific laws and practices that may need to be reevaluated are identified. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Institutions KW - Legal factors KW - Organizations KW - Regulations KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86289 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193709 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Leyval, Eugene R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INVOLVING THE PRIVATE OPERATOR SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 109-116 AB - Issues related to the use of the excess capacity in paratransit resources provided by taxicab operators are discussed, and recommendations are made. The local nature of the daily surface transportation of people is stressed. The decisions regarding options available under federal and state public transportation programs that most directly affect efforts to more effectively use existing public transportation resources, including private operators, are local. The states should provide technical assistance to those local governmental entities that lack the staff and economic resources to support permanent public transportation research and planning. The states should also exercise leadership in harmonizing public transportation planning and optimizing state and local programs and funding mechanisms to supplement federal efforts. Before additional paratransit funding sources are approved, the states should identify and understand the use of the paratransit funds already available in their jurisdictions through federally funded categorical programs. They should seek to reallocate these existing monies to purchase paratransit services more effectively than in possible under present circumstances of fragmentation, duplication, and waste. Reforms at the federal level are ultimately necessary to achieve this. More must be done at the regional level to identify existing public and private paratransit services and resources. Advisory committees to metropolitan planning organizations are recommended composed of public transportation decision makers, users, and public and private providers. The need for local reregulation to implement innovations in meeting paratransit demand is addressed. The roles of independent owner drivers and lease drivers, shared-ride taxi services, and fuel-tax relief equal to that granted transit are discussed as reforms required to enable the private operator to gain control over operating costs and provide for easier entry into the taxi market for entrepreneurial drivers. Labor considerations under section 13c of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 need not have only negative connotations in the use of private operators for paratransit service. As taxicab operators move into shared-ride services and function as mass transportation companies, with or without Urban Mass Transportation Administration monies, their employees may qualify for secton 13c protection whether or not they are unionized. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Fund allocations KW - Paratransit services KW - Private roads KW - Regulations KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86296 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193711 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Silien, Joseph S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DIAL-A-BUS IMPLEMENTATION: A LIVING EXAMPLE SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 124-128 AB - The process undertaken to transfer a demand-responsive dial-a-bus service from federally funded, experimental-demonstration status to permanent-operation status is described. The particular project described suffered from a local financial condition that was insufficient to support dial-a-bus services, technical difficulties, and problems in perceived attitudes toward the project. The strategy developed included an independent assessment of the program, consultant recommendations modified by local staff, expansion of the service to two additional areas, areawide service to the handicapped and elderly, attempts to negotiate the labor clearances necessary to permit competitive solicitation of service vendors, and approval of an extended demonstration by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Administration KW - Aged KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Implementation KW - Labor law KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193692 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roos, Daniel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RELATIONSHIP OF INNOVATIVE SERVICES TO A FAMILY OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SERVICES SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 4-10 AB - A mixture of different transportation services and providers are required to serve the varied markets and needs in an urban area. Innovative services such as ride sharing and demand-responsive transportation provide new opportunities to serve markets that are currently not served by more traditional services. Communities such as Westport, Connecticut, have demonstrated that these services can be combined in a complementary fashion, so that the different services reinforce, rather than complete with, one another. By offering a range of services provided by different suppliers, a unique system has been created that has had a significant impact on the community. Westport shows what can be achieved by a single community, and the lessons of this and other communities with the family-of-services concept must be diffused on a much broader basis. To achieve this, changes are required on a local and federal level. These changes require an increased awareness of available options and approaches, incentives to adapt these options and approaches where appropriate, and new institutional arrangements to accommodate the changes. An increased emphasis on service implementation and coordination is required, and different relations between planning and operations are appropriate. U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Coordination KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Markets KW - Needs assessment KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86279 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193703 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Chalker, Donald B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSURANCE AS IT RELATES TO DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT (ABRIDGMENT) SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - p 78 AB - At the present time, it is difficult to set insurance premiums for ride-sharing systems. The concept is relatively new. Therefore, carriers have been unable so far to identify adequately the exposure to losses for rating purposes. Compared with conventional taxicabs, ride-sharing systems do have higher passenger loads which would tend to raise insurance costs due to the increased liability limits required. However, they also have a lower accident frequency which tends to lower insurance costs. Premiums can also be kept in line through proper hiring procedures, safety programs, thorough claims-handling procedures, and curtailing medical fees. U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash rates KW - Insurance KW - Liability KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86290 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193710 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ward, Jerry D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PERSPECTIVES ON THE EVALUATION OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 118-124 AB - The term evaluation is very broad and has different implications for different people: An evaluation can be designed only after it is specified who is evaluating for what purpose against what criteria. The different perspectives of some of the more important actors are discussed here. There is a difference between comprehensive evaluation and functional evaluation. Comprehensive evaluation is concerned with external effects, e.g., pollution, energy consumption, evolution of land-use patterns, and other contributions to the quality of life. Functional evaluation is concerned with system performance parameters, e.g., wait times, coverage, productivity, ridership, and the other variables that characterize the supply characteristics and their appropriateness to the markets served. Two primary conclusions are developed. The first is that intelligent interpretation of an observed set of system descriptors requires a knowledge of the ridership pattern being served. Both potential productivity and service level are sensitive to ridership pattern, and without a knowledge of its nature, other comparisons are uncertain. The second is that the equilibrium between supply and demand is unstable. This implies that an observed trend in ridership will, in the absence of external change, probably continue. Thus the rate and direction of change in ridership is the single most important evaluative measure, because it portends the future of the system and can be an early warning signal of a need for change. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Criteria KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Performance KW - Ridership KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86297 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193706 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Atkinson, W G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REQUIREMENTS FOR PARATRANSIT VEHICLES SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 91-95 AB - The current state of the art of paratransit vehicles--the sizes the types used, the operating constraints, guidelines for size selection, a vehicle-tender selection process, current trends, and forecasts of the evolution of vehicle design over the next 10 years--is discussed. Action is suggested to reduce uncertainty over individual vehicles performance and improve utilization and design. Vans and integrally designed small buses have proven more reliable than other types of vehicles; their use in Canada and the United States is discussed. The selection process described is used to analyze four theoretical vehicles being reviewed for procurement. The analysis shows that the most cost-effective vehicle could be a bus with the highest initial cost or a low-cost van. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Guidelines KW - Motor vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance based specifications KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86293 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193707 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, Nigel H M AU - Colvin, Neil J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PARTRANSIT SERVICES SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 95-102 AB - The current uses of information and control systems in paratransit services are reviewed, and new applications that are currently being developed are discussed. Thus far, the greatest use has been by the conventional transit and taxi industries for accounting, payroll, and limited management information. In both of these industries, the larger operators have recognized that the costs of automating these clerical functions are readily justified by the benefits. However, for many other functions, the questions of whether automation will produce benefits and whether the costs can be justified are still open. In several functional areas, most strikingly brokerage and pooling services, advances in computer technology and reductions in computer costs are already making a stronger economic argument for automation. At present, however, the ability of many of the more innovative applications of computer technology to paratransit to provide real economic advantages is unproven. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Control systems KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Paratransit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86294 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193699 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hollinden, Al AU - Blair, Rebecca AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMPARISONS OF PRODUCTIVITY OF FOUR MODES OF SERVICE IN ORANGE, CALIFORNIA SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 49-55 AB - The Orange County Transit District has operated a community-service transit program in the city of Orange, California, since May 1975. Because of an adverse court ruling and a subsequent successful appeal, this service underwent four modal changes. These four modes provide a unique opportunity for comparison. In order of implementation, they were a demand-responsive dial-a-bus, a three-loop fixed-route bus system, a two-loop fixed-route bus system, and a demand-responsive dial-a-taxi system. The four systems were compared by using five performance indicators. The two demand-responsive systems were found more efficient and effective than the fixed-route systems. The dial-a-taxi system, during its first 3 months of operation, compared very favorably to the dial-a-bus system, and continues to show monthly improvements on each indicator. The information gained in this study may be of limited transferability, but the data suggest that dial-a-taxi can be very efficient and effective in serving cities or suburban areas with population densities of 1900/sq km (5000/sq mi) or less. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86286 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193693 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Revis, Joseph S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOCIAL SERVICE TRANSPORTATION SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 10-20 AB - The nature and scope of social service transportation systems are summarized, and the benefits and limitations of coordination among such services are explored. The potential for improvements in coordination and a series of considerations for future improvements are identified. The increased interest in coordinating social service transportation is explained by the increasing funding constraints of the late 1960s and the 1970s as projects became more concerned about using their resources as effectively as possible. The nature of coordination is examined and the findings of a national survey of state agenices on aging are presented. The barriers to coordination are identified and classified into two broad categories: statutory and legal and administrative, institutional, and perceptual. The statutory and legal barriers include eligibility and user restrictions and franchise and labor problems; the administrative, institutional, and perceptual barriers include regulatory and administrative constraints, accountability requirements, insufficient information on Transportation costs, turf protection, preferential treatment of clients, discontinuity of funding, and public transit. The benefits of coordination include (a) reduced overlap and duplication, (b) increased service capacity, (c) improved vehicles productivity, and (d) cost reductions in purchases. Directions for improved coordination--in the areas of policy, planning operations, and research--in the future among transportation services provided by social service agencies are identified. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Coordination KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Public service vehicles KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86280 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193695 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Womack, James P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT AND THE JOURNEY TO WORK: STATUS REPORT SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 25-31 AB - Work-trip paratransit will flourish if the time and money costs of competing modes increase, whether due to price increases or taxation policies. It will also prosper if its time, money, and flexibility costs decrease as a result of operational economies or subsidies. In the short run, it appears that the competing modes will suffer only modest price inflation and largely escape the effects of energy taxation. It also appears that paratransit will receive little subsidization; it has only a weak institutional base and public officials are currently reluctant to embark on new spending programs. It follows that the growth of work-trip paratransit in the near term depends on the development of suitable, low-cost provider arrangements and on price reductions deriving from decreased insurance costs and improved vehicle operating efficiency for van pools. If successful adoption of these techniques produces significant market penetration at present price levels, public officials may find additional ride-sharing initiatives, in the form of price incentives or subsidies, both cost-effective and politically feasible as means of conserving energy, reducing emissions, and alleviating congestion. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Incentives KW - Paratransit services KW - Vanpools UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr184/184-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86282 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303918 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cutler, Dolores A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REALITY OF COORDINATING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES: MAJOR ISSUES PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 52-55 AB - The experiences of several communities in coordinating transportation services at the local level are analyzed, and a realistic assessment of both the potentials that can be realized through coordination and the barriers that participating agencies might face is urged. Key implementation variables--accurate data collection both before and during coordination efforts, resource assessment and coordination problems, organizational and institutional issues, and statutory and regulatory factors--are discussed. It is concluded that it is unwarranted to believe that simply coordinating social-service-agency and other providers' transportation services will solve the problems of resource utilization and cost. Policymakers must clearly identify three factors before beginning coordination attempts: realistic start-up costs, a realistic time frame, and realistic operational costs for coordinated systems. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Starting KW - Starting (Driving) KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147439 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303914 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Alschuler, David M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LABOR PROTECTION, LABOR STANDARDS, AND THE FUTURE OF PARATRANSIT PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 8-20 AB - The changing roles played by various transportation providers and the changing balance among different components of the urban public transportation sector, coupled with changing federal policy toward the public subsidization of both different modes and competitive modes have created two significant conflicts: (a) the competition between different conventional and paratransit modes for a limited market and (b) the competition among different labor forces. This paper focuses on the implications for the development of paratransit services of statutory labor protections and prevailing labor standards. The paper examines the recent evolution of federal policy in the labor-protection area and then seeks to identify the broad implications of current arrangements and philosophies. The present policy and practices serve as serious constraints to the natural development of paratransit. The paper concludes that serveral legislative options are open that would clarify and define key labor protection issues. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Competition KW - Federal aid KW - Labor law KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147435 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303916 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirby, Ronald F AU - Miller, Gerald K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PARATRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 27-43 AB - The information and procedures required for the assessment of the effectiveness of paratransit options as part of a comprehensive evaluation of public transportation alternatives are reviewed. Recent paratransit projects directed toward three major travel markets--high-density home-to-work travel, special-user-group travel, and general-purpose travel--are used to illustrate the discussion. Although these examples provide useful insight into the effectiveness of paratransit modes and their relationship to conventional transit, they also draw attention to some important information gaps and some major shortcomings in current evaluation procedures. Suggestions are made for filling these data gaps and improving overall evaluation procedures for paratransit and other public transportation modes. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147437 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303912 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosenbloom, Sandra AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT: CURRENT CONDITIONS PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 1-2 AB - The conference reported here was organized to synthesize and evaluate the many significant paratransit services occurring across the U.S. and Canada. The conference assessed the outcomes as well as implications of the various projects and considered their relevance for other communities. The Conference Advisory Committee believed that careful evaluation was needed of the planning, operation and performance issues that have arisen during the implementation of a variety of paratransit projects. Such analyses would aid in the further development of paratransit systems and services. The Conference was planned in expectation of the release of a final paratransit policy of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), and was organized to provide results that should help UMTA to understand the problems and potentials of paratransit more fully. Comprehensive resource papers were presented on six and labor standards; appropriate institutional framework for paratransit development; evaluation and measurement of service effectiveness; competitive opportunities in paratransit; coordination of social-service-agency transportation; and technology requirements. Each of these papers are briefly reviewed. U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Labor law KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147433 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303919 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hendrickson, Chris T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED DISPATCHING FOR FLEXIBLY ROUTED PARATRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 56-62 AB - Computerized dispatching systems may be appropriate for flexibly routed paratransit systems if they can reduce the cost of vehicle dispatching, improve vehicle productivity, or increase the quality of service provided to riders. This paper compares the performances of computerized, computer-assisted, and manual dispatching based on recent experiences in several systems and analyzes the cost parameters of each under various vehicle, rider, and service-area constraints. Although relative data are too limited to allow major conclusions about the cost or effectiveness of different dispatching processes in varying environments, it is concluded that automated dispatching appears to be more expensive than manual dispatching for the present scale of shared-ride, flexibly routed services. However, it is also noted that improvements in the cost, capability, and flexibility of new computers, as well as the growing need for extensive rider and trip-information processing, will be important factors in the future. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Costs KW - Dispatching KW - Evaluation KW - Flexibility KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147440 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303911 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT: 1979. PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - 89 p. AB - The proceedings are presented of a Conference that synthesized and evaluated the significant paratransit services across the U.S. and Canada, and assessed their relevance for other communities. The Conference was organized to provide results that would help the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) to understand the problems and potentials of praratransit. Comprehensive resource papers were presented on six major issues: labor protections and labor standards; appropriate institutional framework for paratransit development; evaluation and measurement of service effectiveness; competitive opportunities in paratransit; coordination of social-service-agency transportation; and technology requirements. Workshop reports and plenary session transcripts on these major issues are also presented. Introductory articles briefly discuss current conditions, briefly review the resource papers, and present some considerations on the changing environment of paratransit. U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Institutional issues KW - Labor law KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Paratransit services KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Technology KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147432 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303913 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosenbloom, Sandra AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CHANGING AND COMPLICATED ENVIRONMENT OF PARATRANSIT: SOME CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 3-6 AB - The differences between the first and second Williamsburg Paratransit Conferences are noted. The lack of overt controversy at this second conference may represent a greater understanding of opposing positions rather than agreement on those positions. The Conference, showed far less expectation that the federal government would solve many of the conflicts and problems of paratransit. Also, participants at this conference are concerned with many more government agencies, statutes and regulations. The reports of each of six workshops at this second conference are reviewed, and attention is focused on four significant issues: efforts at the local level; technology transfer; realistic measures and evaluation of costs; and clarification of federal policies. Unresolved issues discussed here include labor and organizational responsibility. U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Agencies KW - Conferences KW - Federal government KW - Government agencies KW - Labor unions KW - Local government KW - Organization KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Technology transfer KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147434 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303915 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, D W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS OF PARATRANSIT IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 21-26 AB - This paper argues that recent federal policy incorporates a normative theory of administration and planning that highly values coordinated efforts, comprehensive plans, and regional decision-making structures. It also argues, however, that the key planning question for paratransit should not be how to achieve service coordination and organized planning but rather what institutional factors and frameworks lead to successful paratransit implementation. Three major types of paratransit projects are examined--demand-responsive services, vanpooling, and special-client services--and it is concluded that, in each case, successful implementation has been linked to local community and business factors, individual labor-management agreements, and the involvement of existing service providers and local institutional frameworks. The paper further concludes that increasing federal involvement can significantly increase the cost of paratransit services and reduce the chance for implementation. Thus the federal government is challenged to develop rules and funding criteria that will, by making clear that paratransit is a legitimate competitor for federal funds, effectively accommodate the diversity of existing local governmental structures, political bargaining, and service providers. (Authors) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Businesses KW - Community values KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Federal aid KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Implementation KW - Institutional issues KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Social values KW - Special service KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147436 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303917 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rechel, Ralph E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCREASING COMPETITION IN THE PROVISION OF PARATRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 44-51 AB - The goals and objectives are examined that could be served by encouraging competition among various paratransit providers in a community. It is argued that subsidy mechanisms could be used to enchance such competition but that two major factors--statutory labor-protection provisions and local regulatory environments--act as barriers to this approach. Several instances in which paratransit implementation attempts have been affected by state or local restrictions are described, and the experiences, benefits, and problems of three methods for increasing competition among service providers--expanding services under existing regulation, requiring bidding for price and service contracts, and user-side subsidies--are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that equity between private providers and publicly subsidized systems should be studied. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Benefits KW - Bids KW - Competition KW - Contractors KW - Contracts KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Strategic planning KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314798 AU - AM&M Consulting Group, Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT SEMINAR PY - 1979 SP - 223 p. AB - This document is a prototype of a transportation management seminar, which has been prepared and presented by the AM&M Consulting Group, for the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. The document covers the introductory lecture, which, in part, comprises the presentation of the discussion moderators of the seminar, introduces the seminar participants, and discusses the concept of the seminar and course curriculum. The report addresses the seminar schedule of topics to be discussed on each of the three days of the seminar, and presents materials to be used within the course. (UMTA) KW - Curricula KW - Management KW - Scheduling KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00303920 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Samuels, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TECHNOLOGY OF THE PARATRANSIT VEHICLE PY - 1979 IS - 186 SP - pp 63-67 AB - The U.S. government and the taxi industry are considering the development of a new paratransit vehicle. In this paper, it is argued that the characteristics of the service to be provided must define the technology and performance standards sought. The desirable technological features of an accessible vehicle are discussed; those standards or performance criteria mandated by federal law or policy are emphasized. The effects of the statutory requirements of a number of agencies are examined, and it is illustrated how they can or do create conflicts, for example, between safety features and fuel-economy standards. The types of special vehicle provisions required for various groups of the handicapped are discussed, as are the ways in which different needs and desires of subgroups of the handicapped also create conflicts over technical features and standards. It is concluded that the attempt to develop a single prototype paratransit vehicle may inhibit solution of many pressing problems, and ways by which existing equipment could be modified to create vehicles that could provide a larger number of services to more groups of people (although not all services to all people) are suggested. (Author) U1 - Workshop on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19790211 EndDate:19790214 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Criteria KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public service vehicles KW - Special service KW - Standards KW - Taxicabs KW - Technology KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/147441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195581 AU - Balaram, A AU - Hajovsky, R AU - Heathcock, F AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated TI - 800 MHZ COMMUNICATION SURVEY OF THE LOS ANGELES AREA SN - MA-06-0041 PY - 1979 SP - 108p AB - During the first half of 1978, as part of the Multi-User Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) Program, a survey was conducted to determine the suitability of utilizing the 800-900 MHz band as the primary carrier of digital communication data pertaining to the Multi-User AVM Program. Testing was conducted on the six selected routes of the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SRTD) and specified wide area segments in the city of Los Angeles. The field testing involved usage of a test vehicle, communication equipment, both on the vehicle and at the base station, and data acquisition equipment. Results on the area coverage, large and small scale signal variations, message error mechanisms, antenna polarizations, usage of different base station sites, usage of different baud rates, and comparison with model prediction were obtained. The study also involved taking field measurements of such parameters as the noise level, the signal level, signal/noise ratio, throughput, and message errors. The results of the 800 MHz Survey indicate that: 1) Multiple base stations will be required to provide the specified coverage of the six selected SCRTD bus routes; 2) the results indicate that the use of a circularly polarized antenna system does not reduce the effects of fast fades compared to a vertically polarized antenna system; and 3) Baud rates between 1000 and 1800 BPS can be used effectively for the transmission of digital data using commercial 800 MHz mobile radios presently on the market. /UMTA/ KW - Antennas KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Data communications KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Signal to noise ratio KW - Telecommunications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84410 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193697 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wiersig, Douglas W AU - Wegmann, Frederick J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VAN POOLING--NEW DIMENSION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: RESULTS FROM TWO OPERATIONAL PROGRAMS SN - 0309028175 PY - 1979 IS - 184 SP - pp 38-43 AB - The results are described of two experimental, commuter van-pool programs--the Tennessee Valley Authority employer-based program and the Knoxville commuter pool areawide program. The two are compared with each other and with other van-pool programs in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of van pooling on employer and community levels. Van riders and drivers for both programs were surveyed to obtain user profiles and identify the factors felt to underlie the success of the programs. The survey found van pooling to be acceptable to a wide range of individuals, both male and female, representing a broad spectrum of income and occupation. The Knoxville commuter vans pool were found to be operating at various employment centers and successfully mixing employees of different companies in the same van. The survey also found that the two programs have had different success rates in reducing the number of commuter vehicles: Each Tennessee Valley Authority van was replacing 6.1 vehicles, and each Knoxville commuter pool van was replacing 4.5 vehicles. These results are extremely important for the estimation of the reduction in energy and vehicle travel that can be achieved from van pooling and suggest that local assessment must be made with care. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Urban Transport Service InnovationsUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationAmerican Public Transport AssociationInternational Taxicab AssociationCalifornia Department of TransportationSAN DIEGO TRANSITAirport Ground Transportation AssociationSan Diego,California,United States StartDate:19771205 EndDate:19771208 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, American Public Transport Association, International Taxicab Association, California Department of Transportation, SAN DIEGO TRANSIT, Airport Ground Transportation Association KW - Automobiles KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment replacement KW - Replacement KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00300763 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ABSTRACTS. VOLUME 5 PY - 1978/12 SP - 220 p. AB - This volume is a reference document prepared by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and serves as a guide to 168 reports generated under contract to UMTA. This document reflects UMTA's continuing commitment to the dissemination of technical report information to government, state, and local transportation planning bodies; private industry; and the general public. The documents abstracted in this volume are arranged by grant number into sections which are: Part I) Research, Development, and Demonstration Project Reports; Part II) Technical Studies; and Part III) University Research and Training Reports. Part IV contains indexes to the reports contained herein by report title, personal author, corporate author, geographic location, and keywords. All reports abstracted in this volume are available for sale at the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Each abstract contains an order number and a price code for paper copy. Most of the reports are also available in microfiche. Volumes I, II, III, and IV of the Urban Mass Transportation Abstracts are available at NTIS. The order number for Volume I (October 1972) is PB 213-212, and the price code is A23; for Volume II (September 1973) PB 225-368, price code A11; for Volume III (July 1976) PB 264-904, price code A16; and for Volume IV (December 1977) PB 277-290, price code A16. /UMTA/ KW - Abstracts KW - Administration KW - Bibliographies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Public transit KW - Reports KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56641/urbanmasstranspo781unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/138034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197472 AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1978/12 SP - 513p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00603175 AU - Governor's Committee, Rural Public Transportation AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Appalachian Regional Commission TI - FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE GOVERNOR'S COMMITTEE ON RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS FOR RURAL AND SMALL COMMUNITY POPULATIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1978/12 SP - 27 p. AB - This report contains the final recommendations of the Governor's Committee on Rural Public Transportation for the state of North Carolina. The Committee examined the issue and studied programs and policies to determine the extent to which they meet the public transportation needs in rural areas and small urban communities. The Committee's State Policy for Rural and Small Urban Public Transportation is presented, along with the recommended actions to implement the Policy. In summary, the Committee's recommendations are as follows: (1) The North Carolina DOT should provide planning funds to nonurbanized areas in order to facilitate transportation development planning at the local level; (2) The North Carolina DOT should serve as a clearinghouse agency for all transportation programs, providing technical assistance to local officials and transportation providers in the areas of transportation planning, management, and operations; (3) The state of North Carolina should provide capital and operating assistance to local transportation projects, giving priority to systems that (a) serve the general public, (b) utilize the private sector as a service base, and (c) coordinate existing human service transportation; (4) The Department Secretaries of each department that funds transportation services issue policy statements outlining the department's procedures to coordinate their transportation programs with those of other state agencies and efforts to foster local coordination of transportation resources; (5) The Governor issue an Executive Order establishing a procedure for interagency review of all local applications requesting funds for transportation; and (6) The Governor issue an Executive Order creating a public transportation advisory council to serve as policy advisors to the DOT in matters relating to public transportation. KW - Coordination KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - North Carolina KW - Operating assistance KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - State departments of transportation KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/349189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197476 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Bhandari, A S AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY. PART III. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS TO IMPROVE URBAN TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1978/12 SP - 198 p. AB - This document is the third part of a study undertaken to analyze options for improving transit performance with particular emphasis upon bus transit systems in small to medium-sized urban areas. A methodology is developed to evaluate the impact of small changes in three operational policy variables, namely: frequency, number of bus stops, and fare along a fixed bus route. Analytical expressions are derived that trace the impact of each variable upon various other system variables leading finally to an assessment of changes in selected measures of efficiency and effectiveness. The application of the methodology is demonstrated with a case study of a selected bus route in a medium-sized Indiana city. The results indicate that significant improvements can be achieved in most of the efficiency and effectiveness measures considered. Finally, the reliability and maintenance aspects of a bus transit system are investigated using repair data from the City of Anderson Transportation System, Indiana. This data is subsequently used in a simulation model using GASP IV to investigate the effect of increasing the number of mechanics and the number of spare buses upon the overall dependability of the transit system. KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Contracts KW - Drivers KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Improvements KW - Indiana KW - Labor market KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Mathematical models KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Simulation KW - Small cities KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193615 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Multisystems, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT SERVICE RELIABILITY SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1978/12 SP - 194 p. AB - This report presents a comprehensive overview of the subject of transit service reliability and provides a framework for a program of demonstrations and research studies which could be carried out under the Service and Methods Demonstration program. Major subject areas included the impact of service reliability from the operator's perspective, empirical measures of service reliability, causes of service reliability problems, techniques for improving service reliability, and recommendations for further research. Several findings are reported herein, namely: (1) transit service reliability is a significant determinant of traveler mode and departure time choices; (2) service reliability is crucial in influencing the costs of providing transit service; and (3) current evaluation measures are not able to capture the variety of impacts of service reliability on travel behavior and operator costs. Several proposed measures are recommended herein for use in future evaluation studies. Numerous causes of reliability problems are identified, some which appear to be inherent in the specific transit service concept, and others which are more environmental in nature. A review of previous and current analyses reveals inconclusive findings in determining the relative importance and magnitude of each cause. Several strategies are considered to improve service reliability of fixed route and demand responsive transit systems. These strategies are directed at alleviating the initial cause of unreliability or serve as a corrective measure when the reliability problem has already developed. /UMTA/ KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Level of service KW - Operating strategies KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189344 AU - Knight, R AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company TI - TRENTON FREE-FARE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT SN - NJ-52-0001 PY - 1978/12 SP - 100 p. AB - The "Trenton Free-Fare Demonstration" is the first large-scale test of free transit in the U.S. The New Jersey Department of Transportation, in cooperation with UMTA, Mercer County, and Mercer County Improvement Authority, is administering an Off-Peak Free-Fare Demonstration Project on the Mercer Metro bus system. The demonstration involves the implementation of a fare-free service on all intra-county routes from 10 am to 2 pm and after 6 pm Monday through Saturday, and all day on Sundays and holidays. The free-fare operation is planned for one year, beginning March 1978. The demonstration is intended as a model for possible use elsewhere across the country as well as for further policy and program development in Mercer County. This document presents a plan for evaluating the impacts of a free-fare off-peak transit demonstration in Mercer County, New Jersey. The evaluation plan describes the demonstration setting, the details of the project, the evaluation issues (travel behavior, transportation supply and costs, secondary effects, and the implementation process), the evaluation strategy, the data collection plan, and the techniques to be used in analyzing the results. The central concern is ridership impact. A list of free-fare references and seven appendixes are included in this report. The appendixes display data collection tools already employed (Appendixes A-E), outline a related research effort of the National Bureau of Standards in which this project's data are to be used (F), and describe the DeLeuw, Cather evaluating staffing and management approach (G). /UMTA/ KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Implementation KW - Ridership KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81745 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198194 AU - Fielding, G J AU - Porter, L W AU - Spendolini, M J AU - Todor, W D AU - Dalton, D R AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATION SIZE AND STRUCTURE ON TRANSIT PERFORMANCE AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION PY - 1978/12 SP - 182 p. AB - The report summarizes the objectives and results of research designed to assess the relationships between structural, attitudinal, and performance variables in 16 selected California public mass transit (fixed-route bus) systems representing various sizes and organization types. The structural variables were organizational size, span of control, number of specialties, administrative intensity, formalization, standardization, and centralization. Their relationship was analyzed with attitude variables (job satisfaction and employee commitment) and organizational performance (service efficiency and effectiveness measures and employee withdrawal). Implications for the design of transit organizations are also discussed. The most important result of this analyses is that the impacts of structural variables upon employee attitudes and organizational performance need to be assessed in an interactive framework. Several structural variables, when considered together or as influenced by some moderating variable may have more significant impacts on organizational outcomes than the impact of these same variables considered individually. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - California KW - Centralization KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fixed routes KW - Job satisfaction KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Organization KW - Organization theory KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel KW - Personnel management KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197341 AU - Crowell, W H AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PREFERENTIAL BUS LANES ON URBAN ARTERIALS, SELECTED STUDIES ON THEIR FEASIBILITY AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1978/12 SP - 80 p. AB - The study seeks to identify possible impacts of priority techniques for buses on the different interest groups that may be affected. The discussion herein deals not only with those auto and transit travelers who directly use the road, but also with such groups as adjacent commercial interests and other land uses which may be affected by high-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOVL). The use of preferential bus lanes within urbanized areas has expanded tremendously over the past ten years under the combined focus of environmental concern, energy conservation, TSM requirements, and related transportation factors. To assist in the evaluation of such schemes and associated transit decisions, three separate studies, each of which deals with either some general aspect of HOVL operations or with the potential implementation of a preferential lane in a specific location, was performed: (1) a survey of North American cities to determine methods used to assess the need for and the effectiveness and impacts of preferential bus lanes; (2) an analysis of a with-flow curb bus lane on Forty-second Street in Midtown Manhattan; and (3) a study of the causes of traffic delays for express buses in Midtown Manhattan, and the effectiveness of various methods (including existing and proposed bus lanes) in alleviating these problems. The city survey highlights the lack of analyses performed especially in economic impact areas. The Manhattan Studies show how some delays are unavoidable, but the combination of revised parking policies, bus lane identification systems and related actions could improve the situation considerably. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Economic impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway traffic control KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - New York (State) KW - Performance KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban highways KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88561 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193618 AU - Wiener, A J AU - Pignataro, L J AU - Bloch, A J AU - Crowell, W H AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A BASIS FOR DECISION PY - 1978/12 SP - 87 p. AB - This report is a long range planning study that was prepared to assist the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in its planning to meet the mobility needs of the American population in the coming decades. The authors have identified a number of important societal forces and considered reasonable scenarios based upon those forces, with particular attention to the implications for the mobility of people in the public sector. Based upon considerations of (1) population growth and dispersion, (2) energy costs and availability, (3) technological advances, and (4) economic conditions, the report concludes that urban decentralization is likely to continue through the year 2000. Therefore, UMTA must accept and support to a greater extent than presently innovative uses of the automobile and paratransit modes as the most efficient mode for most urban area trips. At the same time, existing conventional transit systems in dense areas must continue to be supported. But a major opportunity exists for UMTA to support a total efficient transportation system in a low-density environment. This report provides conclusions and recommendations for future UMTA policy decisions as well as a list of references. /UMTA/ KW - Dispersion KW - Economic factors KW - Energy KW - Energy resources KW - Energy shortage KW - Forecasting KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technological forecasting KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191407 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Slutsky, S AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ABATEMENT IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT: EFFECT OF SOME VARIATIONS PY - 1978/12 SP - 163 p. AB - Noise abatement in rail rapid transit is an expensive and complicated undertaking. Cost is minimized by selecting a proper mix of treatments to attain a specified noise objective, or target. Assessments of specific properties and development of an abatement methodology were accomplished in earlier works. In this report the abatement methodology is refined and a number of case studies conducted. This report focuses on changes in the system-wide treatment plan, the program cost, and the net impact due to such factors as: variations in discount rate; changes in abatement target level; introduction of new cars; prohibition of certain treatments, such as resilient wheels and steel el barriers; and specification of certain treatments on a categoric basis. In the course of the studies, it was found that a system average noise level index is rather insensitive to system changes. A measure based upon percent of system exceeding certain noise levels is developed. Programs for in-train abatement were developed for 1976 and 1985 car fleet compositions, and estimated to be comparable in net effect. A program costing in the order of $5.0 million annual cost for in-train abatement was found to have the greatest abatement per unit cost, although additional abatement is achieved with additional money. Effects of changes in the relative importance of different noise sources were studied. Additional studies on in-community abatement are reported herein, as are some ancillary in-train studies. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Elevated structures KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Resilient wheels KW - Subways KW - Wayside KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191406 AU - Slutsky, S AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Starace, J J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE DEGRADATION OVER TIME IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT CARS PY - 1978/12 SP - 69 p. AB - The purpose of this effort was to study the degradation of noise quality of selected cars over time, and to relate this degradation to treatment events if possible. To this end, three trains were observed monthly for a period of seven months in an extensive collection and analysis effort. The three car types studied were: IRT cars comparable to the R17; IRT cars (R17), with a special design feature the 'Traction Fault Detector'; and R46 cars. Because of the substantial measurement problems encountered, the project has in fact two sets of major results: (1) those relating to the novel data collection and analysis methods employed; and (2) those relating to wheel-rail interaction and degradation. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Noise sound KW - Noise sources KW - Planning KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling contact KW - Sound level KW - Wear KW - Welded rail KW - Welding KW - Welds KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307965 AU - Cook, A R AU - Barb, C E AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE COMMUTER POOL-MATCHING MARKETS TO MODES WITH PARATRANSIT BROKERING PY - 1978/12 SP - 55 p. AB - The purpose of this paratransit agency case study was to develop basic instructional materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. Knoxville Commuter Pool was a significant national experiment in community-wide transportation brokerage, particularly in its broad scale implementation of an owner/operator van pool program (47 van pools at the end of 1978), its aggressive promotion of all forms of ridesharing among employers and employees in the area, and in the resolution of barriers (notably state regulations and insurance) to ridesharing brokerage. Knoxville Computer Pool engaged in limited amounts of human service agency transportation brokerage through 1977. Comparisons are made with the local Tennessee Valley Authority ridesharing programs, which is a successful model of an employer-based commuter work trip brokerage. KW - Carpools KW - Case studies KW - Commuters KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Markets KW - Mode S KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313196 AU - Ryland, V W AU - James (Fred S) and Company of Virginia, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT RISK MANAGEMENT: A HANDBOOK FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT EXECUTIVES PY - 1978/12 SP - 75 p. AB - Transit is seen by insurers as a risk with high loss potential. Since people are transported in large numbers, a single accident may yield many claims. One solution to this insurance situation that has been employed by transit system operators is to assume some of the risk of potential loss themselves. The handbook introduces risk management to transit professionals and outlines the elements of the risk management concept and process. KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Executives KW - Handbooks KW - Hazards KW - Insurance KW - Insurance claims KW - Laws KW - Liability KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12732/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150515 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308844 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN TRANSIT MALL. PRELIMINARY EVALUATION PY - 1978/12 SP - 114 p. AB - This report, prepared by Rice Center, for the City, Office of Public Transportation, describes three design options for a downtown transit mall and documents the results of a comparative evaluation across nine impact parameters. Both the need for a transit mall and general design concepts have been established in a previous study. The intent of this report is to provide sufficient information to the City, the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA), and affected downtown groups so that they can select, from the three options presented herein, a final solution to carry forward into detailed design and construction. The next steps include design and costing, specific impact studies such as utility relocation, tunnel access, retail impacts during and after construction, and joint development opportunities, an environmental impact statement, and preparation of the preliminary engineering grant application. This document contains a technical report of three parts and two appendices. The first part of the report documents a summary of findings of the study, the second describes the current situation and design options which were developed. The final part details the evaluation of the design options across nine specific impact parameters. A fixed time reference has been established for each design option to insure timely analysis, evaluation and implementation between 1978 and 1985. KW - Central business districts KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Implementation KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Public transit KW - Shopping centers KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314085 AU - Chung, C C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM TIMES SQUARE-GRAND CENTRAL STATION ANALYSIS PY - 1978/12 SP - 46 p. AB - An Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) is a high capacity, continuously available mode of transportation that has the potential of filling the level of service gap between walking or conventional moving walkways and conventional vehicular transit systems. The purpose of this Times Square-Grand Central Station case study is to analyze and determine the economic feasibility of an AWS in an urban application with a high passenger demand. It is not the intention of this study to examine the feasibility of replacing the existing rail shuttle system with an AWS. The two types of AWS analyzed were a one-directional reversible linear and a two-directional loop. The study showed that the systems analyzed are capable of carrying the existing high passenger demand of approximately 6,500 per peak hour and 90,000 per day, and of providing a good level of service. The level of service in terms of total travel time provided by the 732-meter AWS will be similar to that of the existing shuttle system during peak hours and better during off-peak hours. The report points out that a major advantage of the AWS is that it is continuously available and the waiting time is minimized. Total capital and Operating and Maintenance (O&M) costs, total cost per passenger, and total cost per place provided for the potential AWS are summarized in the report. KW - Analysis KW - Automatic control KW - Capacity KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Level of service KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Moving sidewalks KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Peak periods KW - Pedestrians KW - People movers KW - Railroad stations KW - Sidewalks KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304641 AU - Dueker, K J AU - Barbaresso, J C AU - Stoner, J W AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLANNING EFFECTIVENESS: CASE STUDIES PY - 1978/12 SP - 152 p. AB - The study examined the effectiveness of federal transportation planning requirements and programs on small urban areas. The research analyzed the impacts of financing procedures and constraints on the transportation systems of small urban areas, examined the effectiveness of public transportation planning, and developed an allocation procedure for state transit assistance programs. A case study methodology was employed to permit greater depth and insight to the planning process than would be possible with comparative data for all urban areas. Three cities in the state of Iowa were selected: Cedar Rapids, Davenport, and Iowa City. The conclusions drawn from the analyses were that: (1) UMTA technical study grants have resulted in realistic short-range transit plans in all three case study cities; (2) UMTA Capital and Operating Assistance has led to the implementation of many of the improvements recommended in the short-range plans; (3) planning to achieve integration of transit services has not been fruitful in the three urban areas; and (4) municipal operation of transit appears to be the most viable and politically responsive method in small urban areas. KW - Allocations KW - Case studies KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Cost allocation KW - Effectiveness KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Finance KW - Impacts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Politics KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197421 AU - Meyer, L E AU - TAYLOR, A M AU - York, J A AU - Boeing Commercial Airplane Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ELECTRICAL INSULATION FIRE CHARACTERISTICS. VOLUME I: FLAMMABILITY TESTS PY - 1978/12 SP - 247 p. AB - In the crowded, confined environment of a rapid transit vehicle, it is essential that smoke emission from all sources be minimized. The adoption of test standards and guidelines for wire and cable used in these vehicles must be undertaken in an organized, well-coordinated program in which flammability, smoke emission, toxic gas evolution, and circuit integrity are treated as interrelated components of a system. As a result of this need, standard flammability, smoke emission, and circuit integrity tests were developed for electrical wire and cable insulating materials used in rapid transit system vehicles and wayside and track installations. The objective of the program was to determine if any of the currently used materials can provide a fire-safe environment in terms of low flame propagation, smoke emission, and gas evolution, and determine whether any of these can meet criteria which will be established by taking into account the fire hazards inherent in transit systems. Wire and cable insulating materials currently in use on rapid transit systems and new polymeric materials proposed for such systems, were requested from manufacturers who had given indication of interest in the program. These samples were tested and ranked with respect to their performance during the tests. The report presents a discussion of the need for such standard tests, the criteria for the selection of a test method, the development of the test details, and a description of the standard tests. The study concludes that the objectives of the program have been achieved. Other conclusions and recommendations are presented. KW - Cables KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Electrical insulation KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Flammability testing KW - Flammability tests KW - Insulating materials KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Smoke KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Toxicity KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197446 AU - Martin, J W AU - Faddick, R R AU - Colorado School of Mines AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS. PART II. TEST PROGRAM PY - 1978/12 SP - 154 p. AB - This study is the final phase of a muck pipeline program begun in 1973. The objective of the study was to evaluate a pneumatic pipeline system for muck haulage from a tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine. The system was comprised of a muck preparation unit, solids feeder and air blower, telescoping pipes and 500 feet of 10-inch diameter pipe. The system transported up to 100tph of simulated tunnel muck with maximum sizes ranging from 1/2 inch to more than 3 inches. The system components were tested for reliability and flexibility, wear and maintenance requirements, capacity, noise and dust levels, effect of moisture content, extensibility, and power requirements. The system was found to be low in capital cost, easy to operate, and readily extensible. The pneumatic pipeline was power-intensive and susceptible to elbow wear. For the pneumatic transport of coarse muck, moisture content was more important than particle size. Noise levels were high at the blower and muck preparation unit but could be reduced in actual practice. The system was found to be reliable except for the elbow wear. KW - Blowers KW - Boring KW - Costs KW - Deflectors KW - Durability tests KW - Dust collection KW - Dust control KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Fans KW - Materials management KW - Moisture content KW - Muck tunneling KW - Mucking KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic systems KW - Sound level KW - Test facilities KW - Transportation KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Tunnels KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197474 AU - Sinha, J C AU - Jukins, D P AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY. PART I. DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF URBAN TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1978/12 SP - 173 p. AB - The document presents a review of the concepts and definitions of efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity in the public transportation sector. The development of appropriate performance indicators is discussed. The trend of bus transit performance indicators is examined separately for various classes of transit systems. In addition, a scheme of stratification is also presented on the premise that there exist many environmental and policy factors outside the control of the transit operator which impose constraints on the peformance of transit systems. The transit systems considered herein include the entire set of bus systems reporting to the American Public Transit Association (APTA) in 1975. Finally, the report presents several potential uses of productivity concepts. Although these concepts are presently being used to allocate funds in some states, there are other uses such as for public policy evaluation, assessment of TSM strategies, as well as the establishment of clearly defined and measureable goals and objectives for urban transit. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Contracts KW - Definitions KW - Drivers KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Environmental impacts KW - Labor market KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88653 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195568 AU - Martin, J W AU - Faddick, R R AU - Colorado School of Mines TI - EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC TRANPSORT SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS PART II--TEST PROGRAM SN - MA-06-0025 PY - 1978/12 SP - 157 p. AB - This study is the final phase of a muck pipeline program begun in 1973. The objective of the study was to evaluate a pneumatic pipeline system for muck haulage from a tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine. The system was comprised of a muck preparation unit, solids feeder and air blower, telescoping pipes and 500 feet of 10-inch diameter pipe. The system transported up to 100tph of simulated tunnel muck with maximum sizes ranging from 1/2 inch to more than 3 inches. The system components were tested for reliability and flexibility, wear and maintenance requirements, capacity, noise and dust levels, effect of moisture content, extensibility, and power requirements. The system was found to be low in capital cost, easy to operate, and readily extensible. The pneumatic pipeline was power-intensive and susceptible to elbow wear. For the pneumatic transport of coarse muck, moisture content was more important than particle size. Noise levels were high at the blower and muck preparation unit but could be reduced in actual practice. The system was found to be reliable except for the elbow wear. Related reports have been issued, namely: "Pneumatic-Hydraulic Material Transport System for Rapid Excavation of Tunnels," DOT-TST-75-17; "Experimental Verification of a Pneumatic Transport System for the Rapid Excavation of Tunnels, Part I: Installation of Test Facility," DOT-TST-76-63; and "Transportation of Tunnel Muck by Pipeline," UMTA-MA-06-0025-78-4. Loan copies are available from the Transportation Systems Center, Kendall Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142. /UMTA/ KW - Boring KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Mucking KW - Pneumatic conveyors KW - Pneumatic tubes KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197473 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Bhandari, A S AU - Dobry, D B AU - Jukins, D P AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/12 SP - 27 p. AB - A review was first made of the concepts and definitions of efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity in the public transportation sector, and an appropriate framework for the development of a set of performance indicators was presented. Several potential uses of performance concepts as policy tools, management tools, and planning tools are also examined. In the second part of the project, an effort was made to examine the driver productivity issues and to identify the factors that may have a critical influence on system productivity and operating cost. This was done by examining a group of labor contracts and analyzing the available bus transit operation data. The third part of the project, report three, involved the development and validation of two methodologies to analyze various policies to improve urban transit performance with particular emphases upon bus transit systems in small to medium-sized urban areas. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Contracts KW - Drivers KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Labor market KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197475 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Dobry, D B AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY. PART II. LABOR ASPECTS OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1978/12 SP - 115 p. AB - One of the main thrusts in the transit industry today is to gain a clear understanding of productivity and its impact on operations and costs. This document is the second part of a 3-part study. Part II provides an examination of the driver productivity issues and attempts to identify the factors that may have a critical influence on system productivity and operating cost. A set of labor contracts were reviewed in detail and those stipulations that were believed to have a bearing on driver productivity were analyzed. Three specific productivity measures were considered: vehicle-miles per driver-hour, vehicle-hours per driver, and vehicle-hours per driver hour. Possible actions that can improve each of these measures were reviewed. A statistical analysis was performed to examine the financial aspects of driver productivity. The report recommends that a new approach in labor-management relationship be pursued providing increased responsibility for labor, in addition to the concerted efforts for recognizing and rewarding individual and collective performance. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Contracts KW - Drivers KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Labor costs KW - Labor market KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197422 AU - Crane, C R AU - Endecott, B R AU - Sanders, D C AU - Abbott, J K AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ELECTRICAL INSULATION FIRE CHARACTERISTICS. VOLUME II: TOXICITY PY - 1978/12 SP - 102 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine the relative inhalation toxicity of the thermal degradation products or gaseous pyrolysis of selected types of electrical wiring insulations. The specific materials to be evaluated were supplied by the Boeing Commercial Airplane Company and were selected from a much larger population on the basis of prior testing of properties other than toxicity. The contract work-statement required that toxicity be evaluated utilizing the basic principles of a system designed at the Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI) that was used for an earlier study of aircraft interior materials. The relative toxicities of the combustion products of 14 electrical wiring insulations were evaluated using animal incapacitation as a measure of toxicity. One gram insulation samples were pyrolyzed in a quartz combustion tube connected in-line with a 12.6-L-exposure chamber by an air re-circulation assembly to form a closed exposure system. Each material was pyrolyzed under three thermal degradation conditions and the time-to-incapacitation for the shortest time condition was used to rank the materials in order of their relative potential toxicity. A rank order for all 14 materials is presented on the basis of potential toxicity for equal weights of insulation and relative ranking by toxicity for equal lengths of conductor is presented for those materials supplied on conductors of equal gauge. Techniques are suggested for converting measured toxicity of an insulation on wire of one size to the equivalent toxicity of the same insulation on wire of a different size. The report presents cautions and limitations on the discipline of combustion toxicology and presents suggestions for future research. KW - Cables KW - Combustion KW - Combustion products KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Electrical insulation KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Flammability KW - Flammability tests KW - Insulating materials KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Pyrolysis KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Smoke KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Thermal degradation KW - Toxicity KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197439 AU - Wagner, F A AU - Gilbert, K AU - Shapiro, S AU - Watt, J E AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - TSM (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT): AN ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS PY - 1978/11 SP - 188 p. AB - Transportation Systems Management (TSM) actions include a wide range of transportation improvements, from basic traffic engineering to a variety of transit improvements, parking strategies, and pricing policies. Under Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations, urban areas with populations greater than 50,000, are required to develop TSM plans that document their strategy for improving air quality, conserving energy, and increasing the efficiency of the overall transportation system. This report summarizes interim results of research designed to quantify the impacts that TSM actions have on the system. Through the research methodology, all TSM actions are divided into four classes according to their impact on transportation supply and travel demand. The classes are: Class A - Demand Reduced; Class B - Supply Increased; Class C - Demand Reduced and Supply Reduced; and Class D - Demand Reduced and Supply Increased. For each of these classes, computations are performed to determine how a major multi-year program applying these actions would affect the area's vehicle miles traveled and vehicle hours traveled. The results will serve to help local areas in developing appropriate transportation measures for use in local TSM plans as required by DOT regulations and the State Implementation Plans (SIPs), as mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant to the Clean Air Act. This document contains working papers which describe experience with and the impacts of some of the major TSM actions. These include impacts of ridesharing, routes and scheduling, Park-and-Ride and express bus, work rescheduling, and auto restricted zones. The Appendix: A Supply-Demand Approach to TSM, KW - City planning KW - Clean Air Act KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Express buses KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Strategy KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302261 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME VIII: ACCESS FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 50 p. AB - This is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons. Part I deals with planning and regulation and includes discussions of transportation problems of handicapped people and transportation policies and practices as they affect handicapped people. Part II, demonstrations and hardware, includes discussions of concepts under development in the area of transportation for the elderly and handicapped hardware research and development to improve transit for elderly and handicapped travellers, and a critique of research concerning transportation for the elderly and handicapped. This volume contains five resource papers which are summarized in Volume I of this multi-volume work along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. These proceedings (Rpt. Nos. UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-1 thru UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-9) consist of nine separately titled volumes, namely: Volume I: Proceedings of General Sessions and Summarized Reports of Workshops; Volume II: Bus and Paratransit Technology Workshops; Volume III: AGT and Advanced Systems Workshops; Volume IV: Service and Methods Demonstration Workshops; Volume V: UMTA Special Technology Programs Workshops; Volume VI: Rail and Construction Technology; Volume VII: Transit Management Workshops; Volume VIII: Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons Workshops; and Volume IX: Urban Transportation Planning Workshop. KW - Access KW - Aged KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Government policies KW - Government regulations KW - Guideways KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56522/proceedingsofth601unse_13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302263 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME IV: SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATIONS WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 56 p. AB - This is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on Service and Methods Demonstrations. Part I deals with pricing policy innovations and includes discussions of the general objectives of the program, where the emphasis in this program ought to be placed from the viewpoint of the transit operating industry, and the evaluation of this pricing policy innovation program. Part II, conventional transit and paratransit service innovations, includes discussions of conventional transit service demonstrations and the paratransit demonstration program. This volume contains five resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this work along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. These proceedings (Rpt. Nos. UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-1 thru UMTA-DC-06-0157-9) consist of nine separately titled volumes, namely: Volume I: Proceedings of General Sessions and Summarized Reports of Workshops; Volume II: Bus and Paratransit Technology Workshops; Volume III: AGT and Advanced Systems Workshops; Volume IV: Service and Methods Demonstration Workshops; Volume V: UMTA Special Technology Programs Workshops; Volume VI: Rail and Construction Technology; Volume VII: Transit Management Workshops; Volume VIII: Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons Workshops; and Volume IX: Urban Transportation Planning Workshop. KW - Aged KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Guideways KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56519/proceedingsofth601unse_10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302264 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME V: UMTA SPECIAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 75 p. AB - This is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on UMTA Special Technology Programs. Part I deals with safety, qualification, and life-cycle costing, and includes discussions of rail transit safety and product qualification. Part II--consumer inquiry technology, National Cooperative Transit R&D Program, and technology program--includes discussions of consumer need for information on transit availability, the National Cooperative Transit R&D Program (NCTRP), the technology sharing program, and transit marketing. This volume contains six resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this report along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. These proceedings (Rpt. Nos. UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-1 thru UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-9) consist of nine separately titled volumes, namely: Volume I: Proceedings of General Sessions and Summarized Reports of Workshops; Volume II: Bus and Paratransit Technology Workshops; Volume III: AGT and Advanced Systems Workshops; Volume IV: Service and Methods Demonstration Workshops; Volume V: UMTA Special Technology Programs Workshops; Volume VI: Rail and Construction Technology; Volume VII: Transit Management Workshops; Volume VIII: Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons Workshops; and Volume IX: Urban Transportation Planning Workshop. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Aged KW - Anionic emulsified asphalt KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Guideways KW - Life cycle costing KW - Marketing KW - National Cooperative Transit Research and Development Program KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56520/proceedingsofth601unse_11.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142424 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302260 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME IX: URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING WORKSHOP PY - 1978/11 SP - 29 p. AB - This is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshop on Urban Transportation Planning. It includes discussions of the needs and problems of the transit operating industry in planning for urban transportation and research in transportation planning methods. This volume contains three resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this report along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. These proceedings (Rpt. Nos. UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-1 thru UMTA-DC-06-0157-9) consist of nine separately titled volumes, namely: Volume I: Proceedings of General Sessions and Summarized Reports of Workshops; Volume II: Bus and Paratransit Technology Workshops; Volume III: AGT and Advanced Systems Workshops; Volume IV: Service and Methods Demonstration Workshops; Volume V: UMTA Special Technology Programs Workshops; Volume VI: Rail and Construction Technology; Volume VII: Transit Management Workshops; Volume VIII: Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons Workshops; and Volume IX: Urban Transportation Planning Workshop. KW - Aged KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Guideways KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56523/proceedingsofth601unse_14.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302262 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME VII: TRANSIT MANAGEMENT WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 122 p. AB - This is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on Transit Management. Part I deals with management systems developments and includes discussions of transit operations and maintenance management support, automated scheduling of transit services, and development of the skills and techniques required by the transit operating industry. Part II, human resources development, includes discussions of human resources development programs, the national study for the validation of a selection test battery for bus operators, and a report by the AFL-CIO Appalachian Council on their transit employee training project. This volume contains six resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this multi-volume work along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. These proceedings (Rpt. Nos. UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-1 thru UMTA-DC-06-0157-79-9) consist of nine separately titled volumes, namely: Volume I Proceedings of General Sessions and Summarized Reports of Workshops; Volume II: Bus and Paratransit Technology Workshops; Volume III: AGT and Advanced Systems Workshops; Volume IV: Service and Methods Demonstration Workshops; Volume V: UMTA Special Technology Programs Workshops; Volume VI: Rail and Construction Technology; Volume VII: Transit Management Workshops; Volume VIII: Access for Elderly and Handicapped Persons Workshops; and Volume IX: Urban Transportation Planning Workshop. KW - Aged KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Development KW - Guideways KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56521/proceedingsofth601unse_12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142422 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304683 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME III: AGT AND ADVANCED SYSTEMS WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 90 p. AB - The document is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on AGT and Advanced Systems. Part I of this report aeals with AGT socio-economic research and AGT applications and includes discussions of the AGT Socio-Economic Research Program, the Morgantown and Airtrans People Movers, and the Downtown People Mover (DPM) Program. Part II--AGT and Advanced Systems and Technologies--contains discussions of the AGT R&D Program, the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) Program, and the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) program. This volume contains seven resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this report along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Demographics KW - Development KW - Economic analysis KW - Meetings KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56517/proceedingsofth0601unse_8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304686 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME VI: RAIL AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 56 p. AB - The document is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on Rail and Construction Technology. Part I deals with railcars and equipment and includes discussions of the rail technology R&D program, the rail system studies of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, and the problems connected with technology deployment. Part II, construction technologies, includes discussions of construction technologies and costs and the transit industry's views of UMTA's R&D program in this area. This volume contains five resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this report along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. KW - Aged KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Cost estimating KW - Development KW - Estimates KW - Meetings KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Technological innovations KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56518/proceedingsofth0601unse_9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304682 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UMTA R&D PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1978. VOLUME II: BUS AND PARATRANSIT TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOPS PY - 1978/11 SP - 52 p. AB - The document is a compilation of material that was presented at the Third UMTA R&D Priorities Conference Workshops on Bus Paratransit Technology. Part I deals with paratransit integration and includes discussions of operational technologies (as distinct from vehicle and propulsion system development), experiences of the City of Cincinnati with their Urban Transportation Laboratory Program, the Logan Airport (Boston) Share-A-Cab Program, and the Rochester Dial-A-Ride Program. Part II (Bus Technology, Paratransit Vehicle Development, and Flywheel Energy Storage System) contains discussions of the vehicles themselves and the Flywheel Energy Storage Program. This volume contains six resource papers which can be found summarized in Volume I of this report along with summaries of other workshop sessions. Volume I also includes the proceedings of the general sessions and a listing of conference participants. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Level of service KW - Meetings KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Propulsion KW - Research KW - Ridesharing KW - Services KW - State of the art studies KW - Taxicabs KW - Technology KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Western Europe UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56516/proceedingsofth0601unse_7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321152 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - COST OF MAKING URBAN RAIL TRANSIT ACCESSIBLE TO THE HANDICAPPED (NOV. 1978) PY - 1978/11 AB - Report estimating costs, in 1978 dollars, of altering existing urban rail transit vehicles and stations to make them accessible to handicapped persons as quickly as possible, as required by section 504 of the rehabilitation act of 1973. Calculates capital and resulting annual operating costs of alterations, for rapid, commuter, and light rail transit systems; under base case (full compliance) and various alternatives, most involving less comprehensive improvements. Estimates are provided for total U.S., and for individual systems in major metropolitan areas. Contains narrative report, with 10 summary tables and the following appendices: app. A-b. Costs data and methodology; with 3 charts and 25 tables showing, for individual systems. App. C. Architectural barrier removal costs at representative stations. Copyright asi. Based on data from rail system operators and architects, previous surveys and reports, and on-site analysis of representative stations conducted by Robert Lynch and Co., Inc. KW - Passenger transportation KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199096 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PATH ENERGY CONSERVATION STUDY PY - 1978/11 SP - 169 p. AB - The national policy on conservation of energy and related resources brought about by the energy crisis of 1973 prompted the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH) to develop an energy conservation program. In the accomplishment of the technical study, PATH was to review and evaluate current energy conservation practices instituted on the PATH system and to perform extensive operational planning and comparative analysis required for the implementation of additional potential energy savings measures. This report discusses in detail the five tasks which were used in carrying out the work required in the project: (1) investigation of current practices; (2) potential service modifications; (3) rail car power investigation; (4) potential long-range improvements; and (5) preparation of a final report describing the work accomplished during the project. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Automobiles KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Heating KW - Illuminating KW - Lighting KW - Lighting systems KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Revisions KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Space heating KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197450 AU - Beeson, J D AU - Knoxville Commuter Pool AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KNOXVILLE COMMUTER POOL. ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1978/11 SP - 80 p. AB - The Brokerage Bureau, commonly known as the Knoxville Commuter Pool (KCP), came into being on October 23, 1975, through a formal agreement between the Urban Mass Transportation Administration and the City of Knoxville. Currently the KCP is a part of the City government; however, its services actually extend over a region comparable to the East Tennessee Development District. KCP has acted to integrate vanpools into the general ridesharing system which includes carpools, transit buses, and privately operated express buses. One of the most significant accomplishments of the KCP was the establishment of credibility and awareness among the local business community and the general public, concerning ridesharing. This annual report presents a concise description of the background, objectives, organization, and accomplishments of the Knoxville Transportation Brokerage Project. Special attention is given to details of employer/employee participation, concentrated program efforts in the Central Business District, and a telephone information and brokerage service. The vanpool program is described in detail, including maintenance, the transition of the vans to private ownership, and the formation of an association of private vanpool owner/operators. Other aspects of the project are also covered, including the development of computer matching capacity, social service brokerage, a downtown fare free bus zone, and promotion and advertising. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - Express buses KW - Ridership KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197653 AU - Khasnabis, S AU - Opiela, K S AU - Arbogast, R G AU - Wayne State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSIT STATIONS IN THE DETROIT AREA PY - 1978/11 SP - 266 p. AB - The concept of Joint Development(JD) embodies various forms of public/private sector coordination relative to physical, fiscal, and institutional aspects of transit station development. The objective of this study is to analyze the feasibility of joint development in conjunction with transit station area planning in the Detroit area where the planning of a high-level transit system is underway. The report is organized in three parts. In the first part, the basic concepts of JD are initially presented with a brief state-of-the-art review and a discussion of opportunities, incentives, and constraints. In the second part, the feasibility of joint development in the Detroit area is examined relative to the legal, institutional, and fiscal framework. The development and application of an analytic technique for prioritizing station locations based upon development potential is also presented in Part two. The last part of the report provides the conclusions and recommendations, along with a series of guidelines that may be applied for planning joint development studies in transit stations in other urban areas. KW - Coordination KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Location KW - Michigan KW - Passenger terminals KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Reviews KW - State of the art studies KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88782 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197462 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Menaker, P J AU - Roess, R P AU - Gilroy, J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF TRANSIT RIDER CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1978/11 SP - 157 p. AB - The report presents the results of a set of transit rider surveys conducted in a relatively well-served, intense transit environment. The bus surveys conducted used an on-board distribution of a mail-back questionnaire which requested the following types of information: basic trip data; alternatives; demographics; and other characteristics. The surveys covered four fixed route bus routes (two in Queens and two in Brooklyn) and one rail rapid transit line on Staten Island. The intent of the bus surveys was to relate the ridership observed to both the source population and the ridership of other services, and to deduce differences which might be specific to the mode and/or which might be useful in planning services. The survey of the rail rapid transit line was generally comparable, but there was another objective of equal importance in this case: a detailed study of the specific origins and destinations on the service of both stations on and off and original origin and final destination. Results from other studies done previously or concurrently are integrated to provide a systematic view of the range of transport alternatives available to the individual in the environments studied. The ridership studies were complemented by an extensive origin-destination study on the rail rapid transit service. The report also discusses basic ridership characteristics, frequency and time, and articulation with other modes. KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Market research KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Origin and destination KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Statistical analysis KW - Substitutes KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191730 AU - Decker, H D AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS: SEMINAR ON THE USE OF COMPOSITE THIRD RAIL IN ELECTRIFIED TRANSIT AND COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEM PY - 1978/11 SP - 217 p. AB - The seminar was organized at the request of UMTA to disseminate accurate information on, and experience with, composite (aluminum and steel) third, or contact rail, in wayside power distribution systems of electrified urban rail properties. The seminar provided the opportunity for the exchange of pertinent information among the suppliers, using properties, consultants and designers, potential users, and government agencies. This document contains the transcripts of the presentations made to the seminar participants, as well as the question-and-answer sessions which followed each presentation and the round table discussion of Thursday, September 15, 1977. Information pertinent to the seminar, but not available in detail at the time of the conference, is presented in a series of four appendixes, namely: A--Third Rail - Deicing; B--Welding Composite Rail on BART; C--Maintenance of Rails on BART; and D--Relative Costs of Composite and Steel Third Rail Installations. This document also provides a list of all participants and their addresses as of September 14, 1977, as well as a list of Electrified Transit Properties. KW - Composite materials KW - Deicing KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric railroads KW - Icing KW - Maintenance KW - Meetings KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail welding KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Third rail KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193617 AU - Davis, F W AU - Beeson, J D AU - Wegmann, F J AU - University of Tennessee, Knoxville TI - THE KNOXVILLE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE PROJECTS. VOLUME I: PHILOSOPHY AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES SN - TN-06-0006 PY - 1978/11 SP - 115 p. AB - This report is designed to describe the theoretical concepts behind the Brokerage Project and to describe the institutional problems involved in implementing the concepts. The Knoxville Brokerage Project, which evolved over a five-year period, was not the promotion of a single transportation mode, but the promotion of a philosophy and approach to coordinate various forms of transportation to meet the many diverse needs of urban and rural areas. The purpose of the broker is to locate areas of surplus (willing suppliers/sellers) and areas of needs (willing buyers/consumers), to resolve insitutional barriers (contracts, financing, transportation, etc.) and to consummate sale. This report, one of a series of reports, discusses the evolution of the brokerage concept; it describes pre-project experiences, project activities, and some planned activities. Topics discussed herein are: the availability of alternative suppliers; the transportation markets; insitutional barriers; and an overview of the accomplishments and conclusions reached during the first 19 months of the project. The authors state three reasons why the brokerage approach works, namely: it is easy to find a solution to individual transportation needs given the full resources of the community; the brokerage approach would not be possible if people were not creatures of habit; and the brokerage approach is possible because of the development of new technology. This report provides a list of references and the following appendixes: Origins of the Brokerage Concepts; Knoxville Taxicab Ordinance; Test Market Legislation; and Citizen Transportation Areas Legislation. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Marketing KW - Ridesharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193622 AU - Crowell, W AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - THE FEASIBILITY OF STATE-LEVEL MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION TRUST FUNDS PY - 1978/11 SP - 34 p. AB - Recent experience has shown that the slowdown in the growth of motor fuel tax revenues and rapid inflation in transportation construction and operations have created a serious challenge for states. The multi-modal trust fund would provide a method for expanding the fiscal base for transportation finance while increasing the flexibility that transportation plannes have in their short- and long-term decision-making. This study analyzes the question of multi-modal trust funds in some detail. It presents and discusses the methodology and results of a survey of State Departments of Transportation regarding their present financial position and policy stances on both the concept of a multi-modal trust fund and a variety of other State and Federal Proposals for revising transportation financing and planning methods. Based on the thirty-six responses, the concept of such a trust fund was viewed favorably, but the problems that it might raise and the political battles that such a plan would face made its enactment in most states highly unlikely. The respondents' views expressed strong support for the continuation of the Highway Trust Fund, but also that (a) a rapid completion of the Interstate Highway System was not a very high priority in many states, (b) greater flexibility in the use of Federal transportation assistance was needed, and (c) a stable, dependable source of Federal mass transit assistance received a strong mandate. This report provides conclusions regarding possible future policy changes in the transportation finance area, and raises some questions that deserve further attention. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Highway Trust Fund KW - Multimodal transportation KW - State highway departments KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193616 AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Southeastern Transportation Center TI - THE KNOXVILLE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE PROJECT. VOLUME III: AN EIGHTEEN MONTH EVALUATION PY - 1978/11 SP - 144 p. AB - The transportation brokerage approach has as its basic objective to identify and match transportation demand/supply on an individual basis. The broker acts to publicize the benefits of ridesharing through the media by experimenting with vans or negotiating special services with local transit operators. The objective of this report is to document the results of the Knoxville Transportation Brokerage Service (KTBS) project while operated by the University of Tennessee Transportation Center (January 1976-June 1977). This evaluation is restricted to an analysis of KTBS's commuter arm--the Knoxville Commuter Pool (KCP), and the major focus of the KCP effort revolves about vans rather than carpool formations. Highlighted herein is the fact that this demonstration introduced a new mode of commuter transportation--vanpooling. Currently, 47 KCP vans are operating daily serving over 450 commuters working at 12 different firms. With 36 percent of the vanpoolers having formerly driven alone, the broker has served to eliminate 10,056 daily miles of travel. The demonstration's contribution extended beyond the successful deployment of seed vans and the removal of institutional barriers restricting the legal operation of commuter vans in Tennesses. The project demonstrated the ability to survey commuter needs and to match them to the avilable supply of transportation on a community-wide basis. Over the 18-month project, 234 firms were surveyed and over 18,000 match lists distributed. The project achieved an increased level of rideshare awareness in the community with 67 percent of the general population recognizing the name of the project and 41 percent knowing how to contact KCP. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Publicity KW - Ridesharing KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190228 AU - Mulinazzi, T E AU - SMAILES, J A AU - Bish, R L AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - GUIDELINES FOR UNDERTAKING A NEIGHBORHOOD TRANSPORTATION NEEDS ASSESSMENT PY - 1978/11 SP - 124 p. AB - The purpose of this Manual is to present guidelines by which a neighborhood organization or individual citizens can analyse their transportation needs and present their problems to the proper agency so that they will get that agency's attention and a serious evaluation of their problem. The Manual provides instructions, information, sources, and guidelines which may be used by neighborhood organizations to undertake analysis of transportation problems in their area. The main body of this report is subdivided into the three major areas into which most neighborhood related transportation problems fall: transit projects, parking projects, and traffic projects. Typical problems, and a suggested format to solve the problems are contained in each of these three sections. These problems were included because they were identified by neighborhoods as being serious problems and they seemed solvable, if the neighborhoods take the proper approach. Based on a literature review, results from a national questionnaire, and two case studies in neighborhoods (Baltimore and Pittsburgh), the report concludes that the problems discussed in this Manual appear to be the major transportation problems now affecting the neighborhoods in the United States. The Appendixes contain typical forms which can be used to collect data, a list of useful references, a discussion of the field survey which was performed along with the actual survey questionnaires, the warrants for stop signs and traffic signals, an appreciation for other neighborhood transportation problems, and a glossary of terms. /UMTA/ KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Needs assessment KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Smoothness KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189821 AU - Yedlin, M B AU - Falcocchio, J C AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION AND THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED: A MARKETING CASE STUDY FOR FREEPORT, NEW YORK PY - 1978/11 SP - 65 p. AB - This report examines both the needs and the existing transportation opportunities of the transportation disadvantaged in a suburban community where these individuals constitute a significant part of the population. The travel patterns of individual segments including school transportation (including parochial and private) handicapped students, housing authority residents, co-op social service activities center, the elderly, medicaid, and welfare transportation) are examined. The capabilities of the Dial-a-Ride in meeting the needs of the above groups are assessed. The report also presents an analysis which is used to indicate geographically, which sections of the Freeport area should have the greatest propensity to use Dial-a-Ride. The economic aspects of demand-responsive-transportation in Freeport are also analyzed. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economics KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - School children KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191351 AU - Fauth, G R AU - Howitt, A M AU - Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A AU - Kain, J F AU - Wilkins, H C AU - Harvard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CENTRAL AREA AUTO RESTRAINT: A BOSTON CASE STUDY PY - 1978/11 SP - 264 p. AB - Convenience, travel patterns, and transportation facilities of the Boston metropolitan area served to elect Boston as a case study for auto restraint schemes. This report analyzes the benefits and costs, and political and administrative feasibility of several measures designed to restrain auto use and reduce traffic congestion in the central area. Specific restraint policies examined herein include: increases in central area parking charges, special area licenses for the use of central area streets, and a small auto-free zone. Applications of these measures during morning, midday, and evening peak periods are considered. All restraint measures produced positive net benefits. The highest net benefits were generated by parking surcharges and area license schemes, with estimated gains of $15 to $24 million in 1975 and perhaps a doubling of annual benefits over 10 to 20 years. The optimal parking surcharge or license fee is in the range of $0.50 to $1.00 per vehicle, which reduces the number of autos entering Boston's central area by 15 to 35 percent. This report not only provides a summary of the results of both the cost/benefit and travel impact analysis and the political analysis, but also presents recommendations for restraint measures that are both socially beneficial and easily implemented. KW - Administration KW - Automobiles KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Highway traffic KW - Licenses KW - Massachusetts KW - Parking costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Pay parking KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Politics KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302277 AU - Lookingbill, D AU - Dueker, K J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASURING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORTATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE ROLE OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS PY - 1978/11 SP - 38 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued a data reporting requirement for Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to collect general transportation-related data to assess transportation goal achievement in a broad context. The institutionalization of the MPO data reporting requirement is the focus of this report. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent to which the MPO data reporting requirements can serve both local and national needs for quality data without burdening the MPO. The analysis consisted of four parts: 1) the status of urban transportation planning; 2) origins of transportation system management; 3) data collection and its influence on the "type" of planning being done; and 4) the impact of the Transportation Research Board's new data reporting set on two case study MPOs in Cedar Rapids, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois. The research in the report analyzed the impacts of financing procedures and constraints on the transportation systems in small urban areas, examined the effectiveness of public transportation planning, and developed and allocation procedure for state transit assistance programs. A case study methodology was employed to permit greater depth of analysis than would be possible with comparative data for all urban areas. Three cities in the state of Iowa were selected: Cedar Rapids, Davenport, and Iowa City. The lack of support for the MPO data reporting program at either the federal or local level might be attributed to the data itself, which resulted from compromise between federal data requirements to assess national policies and programs and local requirements for more location-specific data. Under voluntary compliance, the success of the program is dependent on MPO acceptance of the notion that the data items are useful for their own planning process. KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Finance KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Small cities KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304640 AU - Lookingbill, D AU - Dueker, K J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASURING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORTATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE ROLE OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS PY - 1978/11 SP - 38 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Transportation has issued a data reporting requirement for Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) to collect general transportation-related data to assess transportation goal achievement in a broad context. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent to which the MPO data reporting requirements can seve both local and national needs for quality data without burdening the MPO. The analysis consisted of four parts: (1) the status of urban transportation planning; (2) origins of transportation system management; (3) data collection and its influence on the "type" of planning being done; and (4) the impact of the Transportation Research Board's new data reporting set on two case study MPOs in Cedar Rapida, Iowa, and Rock Islands, Illinois. The research in the report analyzed the impacts of financing procedures and constraints on the transportation systems in small urban areas, examined the effectiveness of public transportation planning, and developed an allocation procedure for state transit assistance programs. A case study methodology was employed to permit greater depth of analysis than would be possible with comparative data for all urban areas. KW - Allocations KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Cost allocation KW - Data collection KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Finance KW - Illinois KW - Impacts KW - Iowa KW - Management KW - Measurement KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - State government KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302013 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS MAINTENANCE FACILITY ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS PY - 1978/11 SP - 294 p. AB - This report documents work conducted for the City of Houston, Texas, under the Houston-Galveston Area Coucil's 1977-1978 Unified Work Programs. The objective of these studies was to meet the need for environmental analysis of sites selected for the development of additional Bus Maintenance Facilities. The analysis task included cursory examinations of potential sites and detailed analysis of those sites selected for development. The sites chosen for detailed analysis are included in this volume. In evaluating the environmental effects of each Bus Facility, 21 elements of concern were examined. Where appropriate, environmental concerns were modeled to estimate more precisely the consequences of locating a Bus Facility on the subject site. The modeling process was approached by recognizing that the assumptions used in modeling should represent the "worst possible case" of environmental impact. If the model reflects no significant environmental impact even when the worst assumptions are used, then all other cases may be assumed to have no significant impact. This document contains three reports with appendixes concerning three sites: the Polk Street Bus Facility, the South Main Street Bus Facility, and the Market Street Bus Facility. These light maintenance and storage facilities are part of a network of bus facilities designed to provide decentralized day-to-day service for the expanding fleet. Such a decentralized plan will lead to savings in energy use and deadhead time for the bus fleet. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fuel consumption KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190227 AU - Hackett, L W AU - California Department of Transportation TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1978/11 SP - 337 p. AB - The preparation of these guidelines by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) was financed through a technical study grant from UMTA. The report aims to provide assistance to planners, decision-makers, and other interested persons responsible for including the needs of the elderly and handicapped (E&H) in the planning process. The intent of the guidelines is to promote efficiency and effectiveness in supplemental specialized transportation through the application of procedures to identify unmet needs of the E&H population. The procedures herein include: defining the terms "elderly" and "handicapped"; locating and identifying the local populations of the E&H; determining mobility patterns in order to examine their lifestyles; examining existing Federal and State laws, rules, regulations, and policies of the E&H population; examining existing programs, grants, and governmental human service agencies providing service for the E&H; identifying local providers of specialized transportation; determining the unmet needs of the E&H; and implementing a plan designed not only to provide for the needs of the transportation disadvantaged but also designed to encourage the coordination of transportation services for maximum use of existing manpower and facilities, as well as maximzation of benefits to the E&H population. This report contains a bibliography and the following appendixes: Funding Sources Matrix; Inventory of Providers of Transportation for the Elderly and Handicapped; Report-"UMTA Planning Guidance with Respect to Elderly and Handicapped Transportation Requirements"; and Interagency Agreements. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Guidelines KW - Inventory KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regulations KW - Special service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190051 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/11 SP - p. 31 AB - Accelerating Moving Walkway Systems (AMWS) permit passengers to travel at higher speeds than conventional walkways. This report summarizes the results of a series of feasibility studies (6) conducted as the first phase of a program leading to the public demonstration of an AMWS. The general conclusion of the studies are that there are currently 5 AMWS developed sufficiently to be considered as candidates for a public demonstration of the technology. Evaluation of safety indicates that these systems would be capable of operating at levels of safety acceptable to the general population. Potential applications for the technology include a wide variety of prospective uses as a pedestrian assist system for transit, airports, and urban activity centers. Additionally, the systems offer a lower life-cycle cost and reduced energy alternative to vehicular systems under certain conditions. The systems are shown to be cost effective in high volume pedestrian corridors. Phasing of the Demonstration Program is advisable to assure that equipment development and plans are advanced sufficiently to obtain comparable design data for candidate systems, and that adequate programs of equipment and user tests are conducted prior to the selection of the demonstration unit. Demonstration program plans include sufficient user tests to determine public acceptability of the technology, as well as to provide sufficient operating time to establish system reliability and costs. /UMTA/ KW - Accelerating (Process) KW - Accelerating agents KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376971 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: AN ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT U.S. PRACTICE PY - 1978/10/20 SP - n.p. AB - This report provides an inventory and assessment of performance indicators currently utilized by U.S. transit systems and discusses the relevance of these indicators to the various user groups. Indicators are categorized as those for external reporting purposes and those for internal evaluation and are summarized in tabular format. Two case studies -- the Santa Clara County Transit District and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority -- are developed to illustrate performance evaluation in a medium sized bus firm and a large multi-modal operator, respectively. The report concludes with a set of recommended indicators appropriate for the performance evaluation of a given type of public transit system, for comparing given types of systems, and for measurement of the performance of multi-mode systems. The authors stress that transit performance in the U.S. is in an embryonic stage and that more research should be done, particularly in the areas of system comparability and the interrelationships between public policies and transit performance. KW - Assessments KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - San Jose (California) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193987 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199053 AU - Adams, G J AU - Hoover, L R AU - Mobility Systems and Equipment Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY ON HYDROSTATIC DRIVES FOR SMALL AGT VEHICLES PY - 1978/10 SP - 121 p. AB - This report presents an analysis of hydrostatic drives applicable as propelling units for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) small vehicles. The study includes a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of hydrostatic drive units and the development, design, and performance requirements for a 15 HP hydrostatic drive propulsion system for an AGT system. The study included a series of testing on a 15 HP unitized hydrostatic unit to evaluate performance characteristics and acoustic noise. Acoustic noise of hydraulic equipment, especially the hydrostatic drive, has been studied and the findings reported herein. A series of tests were performed on the unitized 15 HP hydrostatic drive to simulate an AGT small vehicle duty cycle using a 20 and 29 GPM hydraulic motor. These tests were conducted on an eddy-current clutch dynameter, 35 HP capacity, and utilized specially designed and developed processor to produce the simulated duty cycle during the tests. In addition, noise level tests were performed on the unitized hydrostatic drive with the 20 and 29 GPM hydrostatic motor and applied with and without shield constructed as a box to dampen hydrostatic drive noise. Also, a trade-off analysis comparing the hydrostatic drive unit with the AC electric drive motor with eddy-current clutch/brake and DC electric motors for application as AGT vehicle propulsion system was done. KW - Acoustic signature KW - Advanced systems KW - Alternating current motors KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Hydraulic control KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic motors KW - Hydraulic pressure pumps KW - Hydraulic transmissions KW - Hydraulic valves KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Test facilities KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle drive systems KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197698 AU - Boscardin, M D AU - Cording, E J AU - O'ROURKE, T D AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE STUDIES OF BUILDING BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO ADJACENT EXCAVATION PY - 1978/10 SP - 141 p. AB - A substantial portion of the cost of soft ground tunnels and braced excavations in urban environments is devoted to the protection and repair of adjacent structures and utilities. Often, the choice between cut-and-cover tunnel construction is based on the potential ground movements associated with each method and the anticipated response of the nearby buildings to these ground movements. In some instances, the locations of tunnel routes and large braced excavations are selected to avoid large and/or sensitive structures. This report summarizes one year of field observations and data collection of the ground movement and resultant building distortion and change in response to underground construction. It documents case histories of the distortion and damage to structures adjacent to tunnels and excavations. Measurements of ground movements and building response were made at two test sites in Washington, D.C. The sites were a nine-story apartment building adjacent to a 60-foot-deep opencut and a pair of two-story brick-bearing wall structures near two 21-foot-diameter tunnels. The structures at the test sites were instrumented to measure settlement and tilt of the bearing walls and foundations. Both lateral and diagonal displacements were measured with tape extensometers extending between column lines and bearing walls at various floor levels in the structures. From these data, the slope of the settlement trough could be separated into the components causing angular distortion and tilt of the structure. Lateral extension, shearing, or bending could also be distinguished from the data. Additional data were gathered at other sites in Washington, D.C. and in Chicago, Illinois through construction records and field inspections. The ground surface settlement data, building response data, and the progress of the excavation are compared and related. KW - Backfilling KW - Building KW - Construction KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamics KW - Earth movements KW - Earth movements (Geophysics) KW - Excavating and backfilling KW - Excavation KW - Excavations KW - Foundations KW - Ground settlement KW - Measurement KW - Railroad facilities KW - Seismicity KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Settlement structural KW - Slopes KW - Soil dynamics KW - Soils KW - Studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Urban areas KW - Walls KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197469 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - MASS TRANSIT PROGRAM FOR THE SAINT LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1978/10 SP - 143 p. AB - The Mass Transit Program is Phase I of the Alternatives Analysis program for the St. Louis metropolitan area. The major activities included surveys of community leaders, transit dependents and areawide survey (a telephone random sample). An analysis of transit needs of the region with special emphasis on the transit dependent was performed. Physical opportunities for transit improvements were identified. Three alternative regional systems were prepared and analyzed for patronage, costs, benefits and impact. Four refined (composite) systems were prepared and analyzed. Initially, light rail transit was considered worthy of Phase II alternatives analysis, but the final decision was to proceed with an all-bus on local streets system. KW - Buses KW - Capitalized costs KW - City planning KW - Costs KW - Missouri KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00756449 AU - Burns, F W AU - Bock, R R AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGRT LIFE CYCLE COST SUMMARY PY - 1978/10 SP - 12 p. AB - This document summarizes the capital, operations and maintenance and life cycle cost models for AGRT. In addition, results of cost analyses using the models are summarized. The analyses cover assessments and trade studies of the Boeing AGRT system as implemented in four typical urban networks. KW - Advanced group rapid transit KW - Capital costs KW - Computer programs KW - Cost models KW - Costs KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195886 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall TI - PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE PLAN PY - 1978/10 SP - 10 p. AB - Public transportation in the St. Louis are will be buses on the local streets and highways for the next 10-15 years. The improvements suggested in this Mass Transit Program are modest and designed to strengthen the existing bus service. This brief report reflects the view that the need for a public acceptance plan is not to try to promote and sell major transit improvement to the public, but to promote and sell public mass transportation with the relatively modest improvement which have been recommended and to gain support for the necessary financing. The report identifies and very briefly describes the five basic themes that comprise the public acceptance effort, namely; public transportation as a Public Service; Efficient Operation; Improvements in Servie; Environmnental Improvements; and Equity of Service. Other reports of the St. Louis Mass Transit Program are: "Transit Needs Analysis, Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-4); "Transit Needs Analysis, Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment Appendixes (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-5); "Transit Needs Analysis, Volume II: Procedural Mannual" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-6); "Mass Transit Program for the Saint Louis Metropolitan Area" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-7). /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Marketing KW - Public relations KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197590 AU - Fravel, F D AU - Gilbert, G AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FARE ELASTICITIES FOR EXCLUSIVE-RIDE TAXI SERVICES PY - 1978/10 SP - 70 p. AB - The increased awareness of taxicabs as an important public transportation mode has also increased the need to know how taxi usage changes in response to fare increases. This usage change, or fare elasticity, is important for several reasons, not the least of which is that it indicates whether fare increases will increase or decrease total revenue. In this research a unique data set was assembled to test eight hypothesis regarding taxi fare elasticities. Operatory data were collected from 24 taxi operators in different cities across the United States. Data were also collected in the socio-economic, demographic, and transit service characteristics of these cities. The data cover twenty-two months beginning January, 1976. The hypothesis tests showed that demand for taxi service is primarily inelastic with respect to fare increases. Some evidence was found to substantiate the hypothetis that higher fare levels produce more elastic responses to fare increases; however, this hypothesis could only be tested in a tentative way. Two major conclusions emerge from this project. The first of these is that taxi demand is inelastic with respect to fare changes. The second is that fare changes are not very important in explaining ridership changes. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Demand KW - Demographics KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197442 AU - Clough, GGW AU - Baker, W H AU - Mensah-Dwumah, F AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR STABILIZED SOIL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SOFT GROUND TUNNELING. VOLUME IV. CASE HISTORY STUDIES, WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY SYSTEM PY - 1978/10 SP - 170 p. AB - The practice of injecting chemical grouts into permeable soils in order to stabilize them for tunnel construction is a common procedure in Great Britain, Europe, and Japan. It is only within the last five years that this technology has been used in the U.S., namely, in the work for the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) subway construction. This report documents five WMATA case histories where chemical grouting was used; information is provided as to the soil conditions, method of treatment, reason for treatment, and tunnel performance. The document is the fourth in a series directed towards the subject of use of chemical injection technology to stabilize sand soils for ground movement control during tunneling. The research program has been carried out over the last three years at Stanford University. Other available project reports are: Volume I: A Report on the Practice of Chemical Stabilization Around Soft Ground Tunnels in England, France, and Germany (PB-272 771), and Volume II: Preliminary Results (PB-273 064). The chemical grouting was used as an economic alternative to conventional underpinning. Ground movement data show that the settlements in the grouted areas were generally small (less than 50mm) and that no cases of serious ground runs occurred. The best ground control was achieved where the soils in the upper half of the tunnel cross-section and above the crown were uniformly groutable, and good, general construction and support practices were used. Grouting of the soils around the tunnel was less effective at movement control in cases where soil layers in the crown area were ungroutable. KW - Cement KW - Chemical grouts KW - Clay KW - Construction KW - Earth movements KW - Earth movements (Geophysics) KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Finite element method KW - Forecasting KW - Ground settlement KW - Grout KW - Grouting KW - Pressure grouting KW - Sodium silicate KW - Soft soils KW - Soil stabilization KW - Soils KW - Structural design KW - Studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88625 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190219 AU - New Mexico State Highway Department TI - NEW MEXICO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DIRECTORY PY - 1978/10 SP - 59 p. AB - Public transportation providers in New Mexico are composed mainly of three groups: private companies, non-profit organizations, and publicly-owned systems. The purpose of the New Mexico Public Transportation Directory is to acquaint the general public with the accessibility of transportation by bus, van, taxi, and train. This directory is a comprehensive guide to the transportation services available throughout the state, and it represents an effort to provide social service and governmental agencies with a source of reference to aid in determining future needs, developing programs, and to encourage coordination of existing services. The directory includes urban transit companies, Amtrak intercity rail passenger service, taxi companies. Data presented in this directory has been gathered from various individual state and local agencies and is the most accurate information available as of June 1, 1978. The data is arranged according to the State Planning Office Regional Planning Districts; Regional Planning Agencies for each of the seven districts are also listed. Included in this report are maps of Regional Planning Districts, of Amtrak and Intercity Bus Routes, and of Taxicab Companies. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Coordination KW - Directories KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Seal coats KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191428 AU - Spencer, R H AU - Hinterkeuser, E G AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE PORT AUTHORITY TRANSIT CORPORATION LINDENWOLD RAIL TRANSIT LINE PY - 1978/10 SP - 190 p. AB - The report describes the noise climate on and near the Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) Lindenwold High Speed Line. The PATCO urban rail transit line has approximately 14.2 miles of two-way revenue track (of which about four miles are in subway), and 12 stations. Noise level data is given for specific measurements made in cars, in stations, and along the non-subway wayside at appropriate locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data are discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Information processing KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Loudness KW - Measurement KW - Mileage KW - New Jersey KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Pennsylvania KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Sound level KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation noise KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190218 AU - Hall, J AU - Aichbhaumik, D AU - Hampton (Delon) and Associates, Chartered TI - PENINSULA TRANSIT STUDY: SIMPLIFIED TRANSIT SYSTEM PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT PROCESSING FOR LOW DENSITY, SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZED CITIES PY - 1978/10 SP - 197 p. AB - The objectives of this research project are (1) to develop simplified processes for relating land use and transit operations and, (2) develop simplified processes for assessing the transportation need of transit-dependent consumers for low density, small to medium-sized cities of 50,000 to 300,000 population. This project was conducted in four phases: 1) Background data collection and mapping; 2) Conduction of bus ridership and household surveys; 3) Application of alternative planning and assessment processes; and 4) Use of simplified processes and procedures for producing an effective public transit system for low density, small to medium-sized cities. The study restricts itself to the examination of particular local problems faced by Peninsula Transportation District Commission (Pentran) and its service area (cities of Hampton and Newport News, Virginia). Since the findings will apply to this local area, generalizations from this study must wait similar findings for other similar areas. This report states that within the Pentran service area, transit ridership depends upon (1) density variation of residential land use; (2) zero and one car households; and (3) low income populations. Due to the density variation and dispersed activity centers, the transit system cannot effectively compete with the car as an alternative transportation mode, but the need of the system remains strong due to transit-dependent consumers. More than 50 percent of the transit trips and, therefore, distribution of non-residential land use has a strong impact on route structuring. This report provides a bibliography. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Land use KW - Needs assessment KW - Small cities KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190213 AU - Institute for Public Transportation TI - STATEWIDE STUDY OF THE FEASIBILITY OF COORDINATING OR CONSOLIDATING SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1978/10 SP - 113 p. AB - The objectives of this study are to identify: current and latent demands for specialized transportation in New York State; current State and Federal programs applicable to specialized transportation; a methodology to measure the effectiveness of coordination/consolidation in demographic areas; as well as to develop modifications to existing State and Federal legislation and regulations to assist coordination/consolidation efforts. This report outlines a procedure to plan, develop, and implement coordination/consolidation options. The study developed consolidation scenarios for typical locations within an urban, suburban, and small urban/rural setting. Poughkeepsie (Dutchess County) was selected for the urban scenario, Hempstead for the suburban, and Tompkins County for the small urban by the NY State Department of Transportation and the Project Advisory Committee based on the following five criteria: availability of data; evidence of concern, presence of public transit provider; community conditions amenable to proposed consolidation options; and no comparable effort underway. It has been estimated that $80-100 million in public funds is spent per year on specialized transportation services in NY State in addition to $25 million per year for reduced fares for the elderly and handicapped on public transit systems. The author estimated the client group for this study as 2,694,000 individuals and that specialized transit systems in NY State supply 175,000 trips/day; latent demand is estimated as 1,945,000 trips/day. This report summarizes the study's findings, conclusions, and recommendations; it states that the conclusions herein should be broadly applicable to all governmental levels in a variety of locations. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Consolidations KW - Coordination KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional transportation KW - Special service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191431 AU - Spencer, R H AU - Hinterkeuser, E G AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE GREATER CLEVELAND REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY HEAVY RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/10 SP - 172 p. AB - The report describes the noise climate on and near the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA), formerly the Cleveland Transit System (CTS), Airport Line. The RTA urban rail transit line has approximately 19 miles of two-way revenue track (of which about one mile is in subway), and 18 stations. Noise level data is given for specific measurements made in cars, in stations, and along the non-subway wayside at appropriate locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data are discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Cleveland Transit System KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Information processing KW - Loudness KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Ohio KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Sound level KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191435 AU - Wolfe, S L AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Lee, PYN AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/10 SP - 313 p. AB - The report describes the noise on and near the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit System (BART). BART has approximately 75 miles of two-way revenue track (of which 19.7 miles are in subway) and 34 stations. Noise data is given for specific measurements made in cars, in stations and along the non-subway wayside at appropriate locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data is discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - California KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Loudness KW - Measurement KW - Mileage KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Sound level KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation noise KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191429 AU - Spencer, R H AU - Hinterkeuser, E G AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY HEAVY RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/10 SP - 364 p. AB - The report describes the noise climate on and near the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, (SEPTA), Broad Street Subway and Market-Frankford Elevated Line. The two SEPTA urban rail transit lines have approximately 22.6 miles of two-way revenue track (of which 13.1 miles are in subway), and 53 stations. Noise level data are given for specific measurements made in cars, in stations and along the non-subway wayside at appropriate locations. The rationale for choice of measurement sites and the methodology for arriving at the summary noise distributions from the data are discussed explicitly. Measurement and analysis instrumentation and procedures are also described. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Communities KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Loudness KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Pennsylvania KW - Philadelphia transit system KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Sound level KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304707 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1978/10 SP - 99 p. AB - The report reviews the seventh year's efforts of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Urban Rail Vehicle and Systems Program. It describes the work accomplished and summarizes pertinent technical and design data. The objective of the Program is to enhance the attractiveness of rail rapid transit to the urban traveler by providing him with transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe, and economical as possible. Three major hardware tasks were active during this reporting period, namely: the State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC), the Advanced Concept Train (ACT-1), and the Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASD). KW - Advanced concept train KW - Brakes KW - Car components KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Development KW - High speed rail KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger comfort KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Standardization KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Systems engineering KW - Test trains KW - Urban rapid rail vehicles and systems program KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304675 AU - Raskin, D AU - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company TI - ENERGY STORAGE PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT CARS. TEST RESULTS AND SYSTEM EVALUATION PY - 1978/10 SP - 136 p. AB - The principal objectives of this test program were to evaluate the ability of the Energy Storage (ES) System to: reduce propulsion energy usage; reduce propulsion power demands; and reduce tunnel heating caused by propulsion energy use. This report describes the test and evaluation of the ES system for rapid transit cars. The characteristics of the system were investigated in the real world by installing the novel equipment under two New York City subway cars and operating the cars both under test track conditions and in revenue service on several lines of the New York City Transit System. Tunnel heating effects, power reduction, gyroscopic forces, and other characteristics were investigated and evaluated. Overall propulsion energy reductions of 14-26%, as compared with conventional equipment, were measured in revenue service operations. Further reductions should be attainable by this system, if improvements derived from this test program were to be incorporated into the equipment and control configuration. The authors state that the equipment tested under the two R-32 cars demonstrated that on-board flywheel energy storage is an impressive means for achieving major savings in transit car propulsion energy. Part II of this report describes the methods for applying the energy conservation data to rapid transit systems other than New York's. Appendixes are provided which give specific information on the New York subway routes and on the instrumentation used. KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric power supply KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy storage systems KW - Environmental quality KW - Flywheels KW - Heat loss KW - Heat losses KW - Kinetic energy KW - Motors KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Test cars KW - Test vehicles KW - Tunnel environment KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195884 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall TI - MASS TRANSIT PROGRAM FOR THE SAINT LOUIS METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1978/10 SP - 143 p. AB - After ten years of serious consideration of the some type of steelwheel-steelrail public transit improvements, the conclusion was reached that for the forseeable future bases operating on existing streets and highways with certain modifications are the most cost-effective means to meet this region's transit needs. This report is Phase I of the Alternatives Analysis Program for the St. Louis Metropolitan Area, and it defines a 1985 Mass Transit Program for the area. The program cosists of an expanded all-bus system with the addition of Freeway Bus Service and Park-Ride facilities in enght corridors. The major activities in included surveys of community leaders, transit dependents, and areawide survey (a telephone random sample). An analysis of transit needs of the region with speicial emphasis on the transit-dependent was performed. Physical opportunities for transit improvements were identified. Three alternative regional systems were prepared and analyzed for patronage, costs, benefits, and impact. Four refined (composite) systems were prepared and analyzed. Initially, light rail transit was considered worthy of Phase II alternatives analysis, but the final decision was to proceed with an all-bus on local streets system. Other reports of "Transit Needs Analysis" are: "Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-4); "Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment, Appendixes" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-5); "Volume II: Procedural Manual" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-6); and "Public Acceptance Plan" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-8). /UMTA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Freeways KW - Park and ride KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197458 AU - Millikin, N H AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF RURAL AND SMALL URBAN AREAS PY - 1978/10 SP - 87 p. AB - The study describes the development of a model to predict potential patronage for transit in rural and small urban areas of less than 50,000. Patronage was developed through a home interview survey in which respondents were asked to rank relative satisfaction with their trip making ability. This information was then related to their socioeconomic characteristics and desire to make trips. This was done for ten representative sites in California. A procedure was then developed to match the representative sites to similar areas, which is known as a site pairing technique. One study objective was to develop a methodology useful for determining the location and magnitude of public transportation needs in rural and small urban areas. The methodology could have application to suggesting a uniform approach to determining transit needs and to recommending public transportation legislation and implementation programs to effectively utilize existing and future resources. Another study objective was to provide training opportunities for the California Department of Transportation's (CALTRANS') employees to gain experience in public transportation planning activities. The study points out that in interpreting the results of the survey, one has to use caution, because the model estimates potential patronage, and not demand. Thus, the figures obtained are, at first glance, quite high. The study concludes that the site-pairing technique has potential to save a considerable amount of effort when analyzing many locations. KW - California KW - Forecasting KW - Laws KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191402 AU - Long, G AU - Scherbarth, J A AU - Reaves, D P AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT II-4. EVALUATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF USERS AND NON-USERS OF THE I-95 BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 132 p. AB - Express bus operations on the new priority lanes on I-95 in March 1976 constitute Phase II of a project. This report, Report II-4, presents the findings of three surveys administered to obtain data on the socio-economic, travel, and attitudinal characteristics of two types of users, express bus passengers and non-users from the target market population. The survey instruments are in Appendixes B, C, and D of this report. Both users and non-users wanted the exclusive lanes to be retained on I-95. Many respondents favored exclusive lanes on all urban freeways. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Reserved lanes KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190975 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Courage, K G AU - Long, G AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wolfe, R S AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT II-1. EVALUATION OF THE I-95 EXPRESS BUS AND HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE PRIORITY SYSTEMS PY - 1978/09 SP - 143 p. AB - This report, Report II-1, presents a summary of the evaluation of Phase II of the project, and it consists of the evaluation of the effect of the exclusive bus/car pool lanes on the I-95, Golden Glades Park'n'Ride facility, and a direct flyover connector between the facility and the reserved lanes on I-95. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190977 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wolfe, R S AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT II-3. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE I-95 EXCLUSIVE BUS/CAR POOL PRIORITY SYSTEM ON THE EXPRESS BUS SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 134 p. AB - Express bus operations on the new priority lanes on I-95 in March 1976 constitute Phase II of the project. This report, Report II-3, presents the evaluation of the effects of Phase II on the express bus and car pool operation. In addition, the effect of Park'n'Ride facility and flyover ramp on the utilization of the I-95 priority system is presented along with the effect of the marketing program. The economic viability of the I-95/NW 7th Avenue bus/car pool priority systems is also presented. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Ramps KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190933 AU - Courage, K G AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - Michalopoulos, P G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-2. EFFECTS OF NW 7TH AVENUE BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS ON BUS TRAVEL TIMES AND SCHEDULE VARIABILITY PY - 1978/09 SP - 75 p. AB - Bus priority techniques have been widely implemented in recent years in an effort to improve the effectiveness of public transportation. To facilitate the evaluation of bus priority operations, a new automated technique for data recording and analysis was developed and applied to a demonstration project in Miami, Florida, in which two schemes were evaluated. The first involved preemption of 35 traffic signals along an arterial route. In the second, an exclusive bus lane was added to the system, with the signal preemption features retained. The measures of effectiveness used to evaluate the two bus priority techniques include speed, delay, travel time, fuel consumption, and comfort measures such as speed noise, number of stops, and speed changes. It was found that both priority techniques resulted in significant improvement in all of the measures of effectiveness. The most dramatic improvement occurred in the number of unscheduled stops, which were reduced by 87%. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Carpools KW - Comfort KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Speed KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190940 AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-9. ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS OPERATION PY - 1978/09 SP - 27 p. AB - Several priority techniques were tested in Miami, Florida, to demonstrate methods of providing preferential treatment for express buses on an arterial highway (NW 7th Avenue). The techniques implemented and evaluated included express bus preemption of traffic signals, progression of traffic signals to favor express flow and a reversible, exclusive lane for the express buses. Also included in the Project was a new park'n'ride lot and deluxe buses for the transit service. All of the priority techniques proved to be highly successful in improving the quality of transit service, particularly in terms of travel time advantages. However, the cost of several of the priority treatment strategies was quite high, both to implement and to operate. The benefits derived were in terms of reductions in vehicle miles per person, and total passenger hours per person in the corridor. Economic analyses were conducted to determine the economic viability of the transit service, the cost trade-off for express transit users and the total system cost effectiveness. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic analysis KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Operating strategies KW - Park and ride KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190936 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-5. EFFECT OF THE PARK'N'RIDE FACILITY ON USAGE OF THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 69 p. AB - This report presents a description of the Golden Glades Park'n'Ride Facility and an assessment of the impact of the Facility on usage of the I-95/NW 7th Avenue Express Bus/Car Pool Systems Demonstration Project during Phase I. The Golden Glades Facility is an intermodal transfer facility which provides parking for persons transferring from the auto mode to the express bus or car pool mode. The Facility serves as a staging area for Orange Streaker buses and car pools with provisions for kiss'n'ride and local bus transfers, as well as the park'n'ride transfers. Covering 8.1 acres and providing 967 parking spaces, the Facility is located at the southern end of the Project market area with access to the Project corridor via NW 7th Avenue. This report represents an analysis of data from daily MTA starter counts, input/output studies, air photo studies, system user and intermodal transfer studies, which were used to determine the type of use, growth, and distribution of vehicles as they arrived and left the Facility. KW - Aerial photography KW - Air photointerpretation KW - Automobile travel KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic control KW - Impact studies KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Kiss and ride KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Photointerpretation KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190937 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Viele, G J AU - Wallace, C E AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-6. EFFECTS OF NW 7TH AVENUE BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS ON NW 7TH AVENUE TRAFFIC STREAM FLOW AND PASSENGER MOVEMENTS PY - 1978/09 SP - 207 p. AB - The purpose of this report was to document the effects of several bus priority systems implemented on NW 7th Avenue in Miami, Florida, on traffic stream flow and passenger movement characteristics. Data were collected regarding traffic volume, vehicle occupancy, system delay (air photos), violations of the reserved lane, auto travel time and accidents. Analyses were conducted to determine the effects of each bus priority system on the operational characteristics of automobile traffic and passenger movements on NW 7th Avenue. Some of the general conclusions were: (1) none of the implemented bus priority systems produced an adverse effect on auto traffic and, in fact, the auto traffic was generally improved under all bus priority systems; (2) the bus priority system consisting of a reversible, exclusive bus lane and traffic signal progression produced better operation for the automobile traffic than did the systems which used the exclusive bus lane and traffic signal preemption; (3) the initiation of the exclusive lane was associated with a significant increase in bus accident rates; after a 'start up' period, the bus accident rate decreased somewhat but still remained higher than the bus accident rate before the initiation of the bus lane; (4) the rate of violation of the reserved lane was relatively low (about 5%); there was an indication that the violation rate decreased with time as drivers learned of the reserved lane and left turn restrictions. KW - Aerial photography KW - Air photointerpretation KW - Automobile travel KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Impact studies KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Passengers KW - Photointerpretation KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel time KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190938 AU - Reaves, D P AU - Goldberg, A P AU - Wolfe, R S AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-7. EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF USERS AND NON-USERS OF THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 145 p. AB - This report presents the findings of three surveys performed during Phase I of the I-95/NW 7th Avenue Express Bus/Car Pool Systems Demonstration Project. The surveys were administered to obtain data on the socio-economic, travel, and attitudinal characteristics of two types of transit users, express bus passengers and Golden Glades car pool patrons; and similar data from a representative sample of non-users from among the target market population. The user surveys were self-administered questionnaires distributed to the respondents at the Golden Glades Terminal while the non-user survey consisted of telephone interviews conducted by a market research firm. An analysis of the data indicated that the users differed from the non-users with respect to the distribution of several socio-economic traits within each group. Users had a disproportionately larger percentage of females while the non-users had a greater concentration of males. This difference carried over to other socioeconomic traits as well. KW - Automobile travel KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Passengers KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sociology KW - Surveys KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190939 AU - Courage, K G AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-8. EFFECT OF THE BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS OPERATION ON PERFORMANCE OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT ON NW 7TH AVENUE PY - 1978/09 SP - 677 p. AB - This report deals with the effects of a bus preemption system on the traffic control system operation on NW 7th Avenue in Miami. The quantities examined in detail were the operating parameters of the signal system, i.e., cycle length, bus phase length, non-bus phase length, etc. Substantial variation in these parameters was found throughout the course of the Project. However, most of the variation was attributable to misoperation of detectors and other signal equipment and to changes in the design parameters which were necessary throughout the course of the Project. The bus preemption system performed satisfactorily from a reliability point of view. No difficulties were experienced either with the failure to recognize buses or with false alarms. Preemption equipment problems accounted for only 3 percent of the maintenance calls. The traffic control system itself, however, presented somewhat of a maintenance problem. The rate of maintenance calls for this particular system was approximately double the county-wide average. The introduction of the computerized signal system on NW 7th Avenue compounded the general maintenance problem. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Control systems KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic control KW - Impact studies KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190935 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wolfe, R S AU - Wallace, C E AU - Siegel, R L AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-4. MODAL SHIFT ACHIEVED ON THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 73 p. AB - The purpose of this report was to evaluate the modal split achieved by the Orange Streaker express bus system. Screenline studies and a home interview were conducted to obtain the data necessary to establish a proportional relationship producing modal split of project trips. The project modal split increased with early ridership increases but leveled off with a leveling trend in ridership. The significant increases in modal split achieved in the early months of the study period could not be directly attributed to the attractiveness of the Orange Streaker service due to the impact of other factors, such as the energy crisis. The fact that modal split did not decline at the end of the energy crisis indicates patron satisfaction and suggests that the service provided represented a viable alternative to the automobile to make project trips. KW - Automobile travel KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Modal split KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ridership KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190932 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Courage, K G AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wolfe, R S AU - Reaves, D P AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-1. EVALUATION OF THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS AND BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS PY - 1978/09 SP - 131 p. AB - This report presents a summary of the evaluation of Phase I of the I-95/NW 7th Avenue Bus/Car Pool Systems Demonstration Project in Miami. The twenty-six month Phase I evaluation consisted of evaluation of several techniques for providing express buses with a priority service on an urban arterial street. Four bus priority systems were implemented and evaluated on NW 7th Avenue in Miami. These systems were: buses with traffic signal preemption capability in mixed mode operation; buses with traffic signal preemption capability in a reversible exclusive bus lane; buses in the exclusive lane with traffic signal progression; and buses with traffic signal preemption capability in the exclusive lane with traffic signal progression. For the traffic pattern and geometric configuration on NW 7th Avenue, it was found that the travel times for both buses and autos were reduced under each of the priority treatments. Auto accident rates were unaffected but the provision of the exclusive bus lane introduced some problems with bus accidents. Buses moved up to 25% of the passengers and represented less than 2% of the vehicles in the traffic stream. The express bus system achieved a modal split of 8.6% of the potential trips. Several inefficiencies in the transit system reduced the economic viability of the transit service. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Carpools KW - Crash rates KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic analysis KW - Express buses KW - Intersection speed control KW - Intersections KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed control KW - Traffic signal timing KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190934 AU - Wolfe, R S AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Wallace, C E AU - Siegel, R L AU - Courage, K G AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95 NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT I-3. CHANGES IN TRANSIT OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE NW 7TH AVENUE EXPRESS BUS SYSTEM PY - 1978/09 SP - 143 p. AB - This report was written to present the evaluation of the operational characteristics of the Orange Streaker express bus system. The evaluation was conducted collecting data needed to develop primary and secondary measures of system performance for determination of system operating, ridership and revenue characteristics of the Orange Streaker system. The analysis showed that one-way peak period express service resulted in large portions of non-productive (deadhead) time and miles. Ridership generally increased although some routes experienced low levels of utilization. The fare structure provided revenue-generating characteristics that were inadequate to support the quality of service provided. Service modifications to improve the efficiency of operation and fare increases are necessary to reduce deficit operations. KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Peak periods KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305783 AU - ADP Network Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE TERMINAL HANDLING SYSTEM. VOLUME 5 PY - 1978/09 SP - 11 p. AB - This document describes the Terminal Handling System used by the Dial-A-Ride system on the Interdata 8/32. Each module and common block is described in detail. The Terminal Handler for the Interdata 8/32 Dial-A-Ride System is in two parts--the Terminal Interface Subsystem in Dial-A-Ride and a Terminal Handling System operating separately from Dial-A-Ride. The Terminal Interface Subsystem communicates with the Terminal Handling System in order to perform terminal functions--input, output, checking for I/0 complete, etc. KW - Computer programming KW - Guidelines KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197500 AU - Cardoso, A AU - Gallery, M AU - HAMILTON, N AU - Lewis, D AU - Soot, S AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATED PARA-TRANSIT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR OFF-PEAK LOW DENSITY TRAVEL PY - 1978/09 SP - 257 p. AB - The product of this research project is a three-report reference to aid in planning for off-peak transportation services. They constitute a comparison volume to a report entitled: Para-Transit: An Assessment of Past Experience and Planning Methods for the Future, Volumes 1 and 2 (available from NTIS), which describes the use of paratransit modes in the provision of journey-to-work transportation in low density areas. This present three-report volume provides guidelines for planning paratransit for off-peak and/or non-work travel. As a summary of off-peak trip characteristics, Report 1, provides the background for two subsequent reports: Report 2: Elderly and Handicapped Transportation and Report 3: Planning Methodology (available from NTIS). It is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to furnish the basic nature of off-peak travel. With some exceptions, this report may be viewed as an examination of non-work trips, since most of the travel discussed here relates to other trip purposes. Most of the data in this report are based on the Chicago area, since this area is felt to be representative of many of the transportation problems facing urban areas today. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Guidelines KW - Low density KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197655 AU - Johnstone, T N AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDUCTIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1978/09 SP - 187 p. AB - The report documents the experience obtained during the design and development of the Inductive Communications System used in the Morgantown People Mover. The Inductive Communications System is used to provide wayside-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-wayside communications for command and control signaling. To aid future designers, system design and supporting analyses are discussed. KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Command and control systems KW - Communication KW - Data communications KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Inductive communication KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Telecommunications KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197371 AU - Chicago Transit Authority AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY AND SYSTEM ASSURANCE STUDY PY - 1978/09 SP - 72 p. AB - The report contains the results of a study of safety and systems assurance-related technical management practices and processes of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) rail system. The study involved an evaluation of technical management practices associated with system safety, equipment reliability/maintainability, system availability/dependability, and quality assurance. Special studies of human factors and train protection were also performed. While the overall scope of the project was broad, the primary objective was to develop and recommend improvements in safety and systems assurance technical management process and practices. KW - Automatic train protection KW - Availability KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Equipment KW - Human factors KW - Illinois KW - Maintainability KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Policy KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Supply KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190214 AU - Bish, R L AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION AND NEIGHBORHOOD PRESERVATION PY - 1978/09 SP - 26 p. AB - During the past decade neighborhood preservation has become an integral component of urban programs to preserve older cities as desirable residential locations. The purpose of this report/analysis is to increase the understanding of the relationship between transportation and neighborhood preservation. The materials upon which it is based include general literature on transportation and the history of cities and three specific studies undertaken as part of this project. Two of the studies are detailed transportation studies of neighborhoods in Baltimore and Pittsburgh--neighborhoods typical of those with stabilization and preservation programs. The third study is a national survey of neighborhood-oriented organizations, including community groups, church organizations, senior citizens and social clubs, regarding transportation related problems and their identification and resolution. Major problems identified herein are: streets in poor repair, insufficient parking; excessive through traffic; a lack of transportation for the elderly and those without automobiles. Questionnaire returns of 104 leaders of neighborhood organizations revealed that the most common and major problems encountered include: streets not repaired (49%); not enough off-street parking (49%); traffic passing through neighborhood (41%); streets not cleaned (41%); parking for residents (40%); and transportation for elderly (39%). This report states that an important role for UMTA, regional and city transportation agencies is to be sure that recent programs such as on-street parking to neighborhood residents be rigorously evaluated and information on successful programs be disseminated widely. /UMTA/ KW - Community values KW - Data collection KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Preservation KW - Smoothness KW - Social values KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186214 AU - Stevens, R D AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 3: GUIDEWAY AND STATION REVIEW PY - 1978/09 SP - 301 p. AB - This report is one of eight volumes associated with the AGT Guideway and Station Technology Project. The project objective is to develop guideway, station, and weather-protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems and improve performance. The outputs are intended to aid planners, designers, administrators, and others interested in AGT systems and their application to specific transportation needs in urban areas. Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems in the United States comprise more than 64 km (40 mi) of guideway, over 70 passenger stations, and nearly 700 vehicles. This report reviews the guideways and stations found at 30 AGT systems and purports to establish the existing state-of-the-art. Related conventional rail transit stations are briefly reviewed to supplement the AGT station material. Information presented was derived from a literature search, personal contact with system manufacturers, operators, and personal experience. This review summarizes the considerations in the design of AGT guideways and includes discussions of vehicle interface, power distribution, weather-related effects, structural alternatives, site-related effects, and ride comfort. For stations, the design considerations include station description, site relationships, and station elements. This coverage of design considerations for both guideways and stations gives an overview of the issues and illustrates them by examples from specific AGT installations. The review also includes a discussion of the codes used in the design of the structures, the construction techniques, and the contracting methods employed for the design and construction of existing AGT guideways and stations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger terminals KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195882 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FOURTH U.S. - GERMAN URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKSHOP, LOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO, CAMBRIDGE, APRIL 17-25, 1978 PY - 1978/09 SP - 342 p. AB - The Fourth US-German Workshop on Urban Transportation was conducted in the United States on April 17 through April 25, 1978. These workshops are held in alternatie years in the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States on their basis of International agreements between the Federal Ministry of Transportation, the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, and the U.S. Department of Transportation. The purpose of the Workshops is to share experience and research findings relative to policy, finance, planning, management, operations, and technologies in the field of urban transportation. The visiting group generally consists of from 12 to 15 delegates. Half of these represent the Federal Government and the other half represent local governments and the transportation industry. This report contains papers presented during the conference portion at the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) at Cambridge on April 24 and 25. The conference sessions were preceded by a series of briefings, discussions, and site inspections in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and the Chicago during the week of April 17 through April 21. Topics presented in the conference at TSC include: planning; legislation and finance policies in the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany; progress in performing alternative analyses for making urban transportation decisions in the United States; preliminary findings of the Service and Methods Demonstrations Program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA); practical organizational approaches toward public transportation in semi-urban areas in Germany; recent developments in bus and paratransit in both countries; rail safety practics and railcar standardization approaches in both countries; and marketing research in the United States. Papers or summaries of papers are provided in both English and German. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Financing KW - Laws KW - Market research KW - Paratransit services KW - Rapid transit KW - Standardization KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197367 AU - HANSEN, T B AU - Worrell, J S AU - King, J AU - Reinsel, R E AU - O'Brien, T O AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - General Services Administration AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE INCLINED ELEVATOR AND ITS USE IN STOCKHOLM PY - 1978/09 SP - 73 p. AB - This is a study of the inclined elevators installed in the Stockholm mass transit system. The Stockholm experience, reported herein, with operation of inclined elevators in subway stations is intended to serve a a basis for judgment of the feasibility of inclined elevator applications in U.S. mass transit systems. During a two-week inspection of the Stockholm subway system, five specialists studied the inclined elevator and its setting, including planning and architectural aspects, design, construction, maintenance, costs, and actual use. An onsite investigation was conducted by a multidisciplinary team through direct observation of equipment; interviews of personnel concerned with the development, operation, and use of the elevators; and review of source material. The inclined elevators are technically similar to vertical, counterweighted, mechanical traction-type automatic elevators, except for the inclined travel. Their installation within escalatorways integrates the travel path of elderly and handicapped elevator users with the escalator route of able-bodied passengers. Station arrangement is simplified where separate vertical elevator shafts and lateral connections to platforms can be eliminated. Inclined elevators are a possible alternative to vertical elevators in U.S. subway systems for new stations where escalator rise is greater than 40 feet, or greater than 25 feet and accompanied by a lateral displacement that prevents vertical connection. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Elevators KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Maintenance KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Safety KW - Slopes KW - Standards KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Sweden KW - Technology KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88586 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197435 AU - Kurzweil, L G AU - LOTZ, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF NOISE AND VIBRATION IN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1978/09 SP - 124 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present a balanced introductory view of noise from rail transportation systems and its control, and to provide references to more specialized material. The emphasis is on urban transit systems. However, data on intercity passenger and freight trains are included. The noise environments treated include community noise and vibration near rail lines, vehicle interior noise of urban and intercity passenger trains, locomotive cab noise, and noise in stations and tunnels. For each environment, some or all of the following topics are addressed: measured noise and vibration levels and spectra; prediction and control of noise and vibration; measurement methods; and applicable standards, specifications, and criteria. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Control KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Freight trains KW - Measurement KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise sound KW - Noise sources KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger trains KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Subway noise KW - Subways KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190217 AU - Mollerstrom, W W AU - Amailes, J A AU - Weichert, C F AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - PITTSBURGH'S CENTRAL NORTHSIDE NEIGHBORHOOD: A TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDY PY - 1978/09 SP - 34 p. AB - Pittsburgh's Central Northside neighborhood is typical of inner-city neighborhoods with established neighborhood stabilization and preservation programs. This study provides an analysis of the transportation system and transportation problems in the neighborhood. The results are useful for understanding transportation problems in the neighborhood as well as contributing to a larger study of the relationship between neighborhood preservation and transportation underway at the University of Maryland. One hundred and fifty families were interviewed for this study, and an analysis of streets, bus service, taxi service, jitney service, and services for the elderly and handicapped were examined. Almost half (47%) of the residents surveyed owned one (37%) or more (10%) cars and 78% of the car owners parked on the street. Results show major problems are: 1) parking in the renewed section of the neighborhood; 2) long waiting times for buses at night; 3) knowledge of transportation for the elderly; and 4) personal safety at night. This report concludes that the residents of the Central Northside neighborhood do not seem to face any severe problems even though parking is a definite problem in the Mexican War Streets areas. Most respondents feel satisfied with the neighborhood and only a few felt that transportation problems contributed significantly to their dissatisfaction with the neighborhood's living conditions. The appendix herein provides a summary of survey results of the 163 respondents as well as the survey form. /UMTA/ KW - Automobile ownership KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Needs assessment KW - Parking KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Preservation KW - Smoothness KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190224 AU - University of Maryland, College Park TI - BALTIMORE'S HOLLINS PARK NEIGHBORHOOD: A TRANSPORTATION CASE STUDY PY - 1978/09 SP - 46 p. AB - The revitalization of central cities has been recognized by both Federal and State governments as an important national objective. Earlier programs that concentrated on central business districts are now being joined by programs which reflect the government's increasing concern with the various subareas of the central city. The Hollins Park Transportation Study is a small but comprehensive analysis of the transportation facilities that serve the Hollins Park neighborhood and identifies the transportation problems that the residents face. The information presented was obtained from various city agencies, and also from visits to the neighborhood to collect data on parking regulations, location of vacant lots and parking lots, and other information which is presented in Appendix A. A Home Interview Survey was conducted in the neighborhood and 151 families were interviewed. An analysis of streets, public transit, and alternative transportation services was also undertaken. The information obtained concerned the residents' travel patterns, automobile ownership and usage, bus and taxi usage as well as any other available forms of transportation and information concerning the quality of life and residential desirability of the neighborhood. A summary of the survey results are presented in Section IV, and the complete survey is presented in Appendix B of this report. The transportation problems identified in this study which affect the quality of life in the neighborhood are: parking problems; bus scheduling; transportation for the elderly and handicapped; and noise on Lombard Street. It is suggested that City government work with neighborhood organizations in order to solve these problems. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Interviewing KW - Needs assessment KW - Parking KW - Pavement smoothness KW - Pavements KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Scheduling KW - Smoothness KW - Surveys KW - Traffic noise KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313190 AU - Costinett, P J AU - Stribling, R M AU - Andrle, S J AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE APPLICABILITY OF NON-STANDARD BUSES FOR SERVICE IN THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1978/09 SP - 228 p. AB - Higher capacity buses allow higher driver and vehicle productivities to be achieved, which, in turn, would allow costs to be reduced or capacity expanded at little or no increase in cost. A series of demonstration projects, conceptual design and vehicle specification studies led ultimately to the creation of a consortium of ten U.S. transit operators supporting development of a high capacity articulated bus. This report analyzes the characteristics and requirements of these buses and outlines the plan for their introduction into the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) system. This report is a first step in the implementation process, beyond the actual ordering of the vehicles. It identifies and analyzes the distinguishing characteristics of the articulated vehicle, and relates these to its utilization, maintenance, and servicing. KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Buses KW - Cost engineering KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Facilities KW - Fleet KW - Fleet management KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maryland KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Productivity KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150511 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188979 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - University of Florida, Gainesville TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. UMTA PROJECT EVALUATION SERIES. PHASE I (REPORTS I-1 TO I-9) PY - 1978/09 SP - 1161 p. AB - The UMTA Project Evaluation Series evaluates a three and a half year demonstration project in Miami, Florida, established in 1973 to develop more efficient people-moving capabilities in the I-95/NW 7th Avenue corridor. Phase I of this project involved the implementation and evaluation of several bus priority techniques on NW 7th Avenue; Phase II involved the implementation and evaluation of a reserved bus car pool lane in each direction of Interstate 95 (I-95). Phase I of this evaluation project consists of nine separate reports: Report I-1 "Evaluation of the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus System and Bus Priority Systems"; Report I-2 "Effects of NW/7th Avenue Bus Priority Systems on Bus Travel Times and Schedule Variability"; Report I-3 "Changes in Transit Operational Characteristics on the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus System"; Report I-4 "Modal Shift Achieved on the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus System"; Report I-5 "Effect of the Park'n'Ride Facility on Usage of the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus System"; Report I-6 "Effects of NW 7th Avenue Traffic Stream Flow and Passenger Movements"; Report I-7 "Evaluation of Characteristics of Users and Non-Users of the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus/Car Pool System"; Report I-8 "Effect of Bus Priority Systems Operation on Performance of Traffic Signal Control Equipment on NW 7th Avenue"; and Report I-9 "Economic Viability of the NW 7th Avenue Express Bus Operation." /UMTA/ KW - Bus priority KW - Carpools KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Express buses KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Modal split KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic signal controllers KW - Travel time KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81489 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189347 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated TI - TECHNICAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PEOPLE PY - 1978/09 AB - This document represents one portion of a major effort undertaken by UMTA in response to Congressional interest in and legislation for the "planning and design of mass transportation facilities to meet special needs of the elderly and handicapped." It involves a number of parallel and interdependent areas of activity ranging from a national survey to a national perspective of the state-of-the-art concerning transportation of the transportation handicapped population (THP). The purpose of this technical report is to present complete findings on all information areas covered in the National Survey in order to provide specific information for decision makers at all levels. This National Survey is a comprehensive national study using probability techniques and procedures to provide quantified information on the THP in urban areas of the U.S. The information includes the number of THP (7,440,000), their characteristics, their transportation behavior, the perceived barriers inhibiting use of public transportation, and an assessment of solution alternatives designed to improve transportation for the THP. Forty-one in-depth interviews and ten focus group sessions were conducted with leaders and members of groups representing the handicapped. Some of the highlights herein are: (1) Of the 7,440,000 THP, 98% (7,276,000) travel--19% (1,405,000) cannot use public transportation at all, 30% (2,175,000) use public transportation with more difficulty, and 51% (3,860,000) use public transportation with a little more difficulty; and (2) The average number of bus barriers is 6.9, subway barriers is 6.0, and taxi barriers is 3.7. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Data collection KW - Perception KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188978 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - University of Florida, Gainesville TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. UMTA PROJECT EVALUATION SERIES. PHASE II (REPORTS II-1 TO II-4) PY - 1978/09 SP - 511 p. AB - The UMTA Project Evaluation Series evaluates a three and a half year demonstration project in Miami, Florida, established in 1973 to develop more efficient people-moving capabilities in the I-95/NW 7th Avenue corridor. The basic transit concept of this Project was to provide fast, line haul service with express buses operating between a major residential area (market area) and four specific areas of employment concentration (service areas). Phase I of this project involved the implementation and evaluation of a reserved bus carpool lane in each direction of Interstate 95 (I-95). Express bus operations on the new priority lanes on I-95 in March 1976 constitute Phase II of this project. Phase II is presented in four separate reports: Report II-1 "Evaluation of the I-95 Express Bus and High Occupancy Vehicle Priority Systems," Report II-2 "Evaluation of the Effects of the I-95 Exclusive Bus/Car Pool Lane Priority System on Vehicular and Passenger Movements," Report II-3 "Evaluation of the Effects of the I-95 Bus/Car Pool System." This report, Report II-1, presents a summary of the evaluation of Phase II of the project, and it consists of the evaluation of the effect of the exclusive bus/car pool lanes on the I-95, Golden Glades Park'nRide facility, and a direct flyover connector between the facility and the reserved lanes on I-95. /UMTA/ KW - Bus priority KW - Carpools KW - Express buses KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic lanes KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190540 AU - Habib, P AU - Linzer, E AU - JONES, C AU - Nason, R AU - Ablamsky, R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FARE POLICY AND STRUCTURE PY - 1978/09 SP - 70 p. AB - The overall objective of this research effort is to relate fare policies and fare structures to passenger demand characteristics as well as to operating expenses and to determine appropriate methods of addressing fare in transit financing. This report presents the findings of a three year research effort. It includes a survey of literature on fare policies and structures throughout the nation. In addition, the report presents the findings of a nation-wide survey of transit properties and deals with fares, ridership, financing, and policy making. Analysis of acquired information show that fare revenues are producing an ever decreasing percentage of operating expenses and, by 1980 will account for less than 40 percent of operating expenses for transit properties nation-wide. The report puts forth arguments for the study of time-varied fares as the most beneficial policy for reducing the financial problems of transit properties while still increasing ridership and also shows that using fare policy/structures to reduce peak vehicles can result in operating cost savings. KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Policy making KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - Ridership KW - Structures KW - Subsidies KW - Surveys KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197512 AU - McBrayer, D B AU - Howard, D M AU - Boyd, M W AU - Littleton, A C AU - Bi-State Development Agency AU - Dalton, Dalton, Little, Newport AU - Urban Behavioral Research Associate, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXISTING SERVICES IMPACT STUDY. VOLUME I: MAIN REPORT. APPENDIX C: WORKSHOP 1. APPENDIX D: WORKSHOP 2 PY - 1978/09 SP - 190 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine the adequacy and equitability of transit service operated by the Bi-State Development Agency, particularly with respect to the transit-dependent and minority population of the service area. The report describes the study process, findings, conclusions and recommendations. The project included development of definitions for terms relevant to the study (transit-dependent persons and areas, minority persons and areas, transportation needs), identification of criteria for examining adequacy and equity, development of analysis methods, data gathering (including an on-board survey of bus riders), analysis of service adequacy and equity, analysis of service standards, and development of a program to remedy deficiencies or otherwise strengthen adequacy and equity. Two public meetings were held to advise the public of processes and results, obtain suggestions, and respond to questions. Interim and final work steps were reviewed by the Bi-State Development Agency and the Urban Mass Transportation Agency's Regional, Transportation Planning and Civil Rights Offices. KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Minorities KW - Missouri KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197503 AU - Baker, D AU - Sue, L C AU - Walsh, M AU - McKnight, C AU - Johnson, C AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATED PARA-TRANSIT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR OFF-PEAK LOW DENSITY TRAVEL. REPORT 3. PLANNING METHODOLOGY PY - 1978/09 SP - 78 p. AB - The report provides guidelines for planning paratransit for off-peak and/or non-work travel. This report considers the cost-effectiveness of implementing separate demand responsive systems or of using a traditional fixed route system for serving off-peak trips. It also presents a series of models for estimating user and supplier costs of various types of midday fixed route bus and Dial-A-Ride service. The models are then applied under a set of assumptions (which the planner may vary to suit his or her local conditions) to delineate the circumstances (demand density, service area size, level of service, etc.) under which either Dial-A-Ride or fixed route service would be more cost-effective in providing off-peak transportation. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fixed routes KW - Guidelines KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Routes KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197501 AU - Cardoso, A AU - Gallery, M AU - HAMILTON, N AU - Lewis, D AU - Soot, S AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATED PARA-TRANSIT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR OFF-PEAK LOW DENSITY TRAVEL. REPORT 1. OFF-PEAK TRIP CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1978/09 SP - 65 p. AB - The three-report volume provides guidelines for planning paratransit for off-peak and/or non-work travel. As a summary of off-peak trip characteristics, this volume provides the background for the two subsequent reports. It is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to furnish the basic nature of off-peak travel. With some exceptions, this report may be viewed as an examination of non-work trips, since most of the travel discussed here relates to other trip purposes. Most of the data are based on the Chicago area, since this area is felt to be representative of many of the transportation problems facing urban areas today. The report presents the characteristics of each of the principal types of non-work trips--shopping; social/recreational; and evening trips. The common denominator among these three types is that they are commonly associated with low travel demand. Information is provided on user, origin, and destination characteristics; the temporal and spatial distribution of the trips; and user attitudes toward paratransit modes for these trips. A survey of modal preference is also presented. The report contains a Bibliography and Appendices A and B: 'Annotated Bibliography for Non-Shopping Off-Peak Trips' and 'Sample of Modal Preference Survey Questionnaire'. KW - Bibliographies KW - Guidelines KW - Illinois KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Questionnaires KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197502 AU - McKnight, C AU - Walsh, M AU - Gallery, M AU - Willens, R AU - Stanton-Masten, L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATED PARA-TRANSIT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FOR OFF-PEAK LOW DENSITY TRAVEL. REPORT 2. ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION PY - 1978/09 SP - 114 p. AB - The report provides guidelines for planning paratransit for off-peak and/or non-work travel. The report is designed as a comprehensive pre-implementation planning manual which will aid the planner in: (1) identifying the transportation needs of the local elderly and handicapped population; (2) estimating demand and system costs and benefits; (3) identifying sources of funding; and (4) identifying and evaluating various service combination options. Some of the areas covered are: federal legislation; sources for funding; issues that will affect transportation planning; travel behavior including current demand and estimates of latent demand; major transportation alternatives; the coordination of existing transportation services provided by social service agencies; the accessibility of existing bus or rail systems; separate fixed route bus system; demand responsive transit; ride-sharing; and solutions to problems presented. The report contains a Bibliography and Appendices A and B: 'Transportation Survey of the Mobility Limited' and 'Service Coordination Survey', respectively. KW - Aged KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Coordination KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Fixed routes KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Manuals KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Traffic KW - Traffic distribution KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197434 AU - Shawcroft, R G AU - Gehner, C D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ON-BOARD TRANSIT ORIGIN-DESTINATION SURVEY DATA: EXPANDING THEIR USE VIA ON-LINE DATA ACCESS AND ANALYSIS PY - 1978/09 SP - 118 p. AB - The purpose of the research was to explore the potential for enhancing the use of on-board transit origin-destination (O-D) surveys as a means of satisfying some of the evolving needs of transit planning. The study was designed to reveal the importance of detailed ridership data by demonstrating the potential uses of O-D survey data, by both the transit operator and other municipal agencies concerned with the provision of public transportation. This research was designed to specifically test three interrelated hypotheses, which were that: (1) transit on-board origin-destination surveys produce data bases which contain a great deal more information useful in, and often essential to, effective short-range transit planning than has been utilized in the past; (2) the unused information contained in disaggregate O-D data can be better extracted and used in short-range planning through the use of an on-line interactive analysis and display system; and (3) a better understanding of the utility and limitations of the data collected in an on-board survey can be achieved by directly involving planners and other data users in the access and analysis of the data, rather than satisfying their information needs through requests to third parties. The report data includes: descriptions of the major aspects of the work, a review of on-board surveys, survey methodologists, data acquired through the surveys, a discussion of difficulties associated with the surveys which impact their use in short-range planning, experiences which were gained, an evaluation of these experiences relative to the use of O-D data by local transportation planners, and finally, a set of conclusions and recommendations as to how transit O-D studies can and should be useful in the future, what types of data access and analysis tools might be useful, and what problems must be addressed with respect to the effective use of this type of data. KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Methodology KW - Origin and destination KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188176 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Courage, K G AU - Long, G AU - Wallace, C E AU - Wolfe, R S AU - University of Florida, Gainesville TI - EVALUATION OF THE I-95 EXPRESS BUS AND HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE PRIORITY SYSTEM REPORT II-1 PY - 1978/09 SP - 140 p. AB - This report presents a summary of the evaluation of Phase II of the I-95/NW 7th Avenue Bus/Car Pool Systems Demonstration Project in Miami. Phase II consisted of the evaluation of the effects of the exclusive bus/car pool lanes on I-95, the Golden Glades Park'n'Ride Facility and a direct flyover connector between the Facility and the reserved lanes on I-95. The bus ridership at the end of Phase II was about 900 passenger per day in each direction. This ridership and the existing fare structure was sufficient to generate enough revenue to cover about half of the cost of operation of the express bus system. A higher revenue, cutbacks in the feeder routes, elimination of the less profitable routes and off-peak direction service were suggested as possible means to accomplish a reduction in operating deficit. The addition of the reserved lanes on I-95 produced a reduction in all travel times on I-95. When the reserved lanes were used by buses and three person car pools, the reserved lanes were highly underutilized. When the car pool eligibility was reduced to two persons, the reserved lane carried nearly as many persons per hour as the general lanes but the reserved lanes had a much lower volume to capacity ratio. Other detailed analyses, including an economic viability analysis were also presented in the report. /Author/ KW - Carpools KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic impacts KW - Express buses KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Reserved lanes KW - Ridership KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic lanes KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349685 AU - O'Connor, J F AU - Riccio, A H AU - Hazeltine Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD TESTING OF A PULSE TRILATERATION AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM IN PHILADELPHIA PY - 1978/08 SP - n.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Field tests KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Pulse modulation KW - Pulse time modulation KW - Traffic engineering KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186850 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS-CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PY - 1978/08 SP - 614 p. AB - Twenty-eight papers were presented by experts from government and industry on system operations, passenger security, vehicle control and reliability, guideway and station structures, all-weather operation, ride comfort, deployed system assessments, automated highways, and developments in Canada, France and West Germany. The formal presentation of papers was followed by working sessions in the areas of system operations, vehicle systems and reliability, safety and security, wayside systems and all-weather operation, innovative transit, and social and economic factors. This report contains the proceedings of the conference. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Canada KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Europe KW - France KW - Germany KW - Meetings KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Planning KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186870 AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - JHK & Associates AU - Dames and Moore AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRORAIL ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS PY - 1978/08 SP - 207 p. AB - The Metrorail Alternatives Analysis project has been completed with the selection of a preferred regional system by the Joint Policy Steering Committee (JPSC) charged with that responsibility in the Washington region. This report summarizes many of the issues addressed during the project, and focuses on the final regional alternatives that were developed as a prelude to the selection of the preferred regional system. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Maryland KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Strategic planning KW - Substitutes KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302266 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Hessami, M S AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING POLICY AS A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT MEASURE PY - 1978/08 SP - 75 p. AB - In many cities, parking is considered as an independent component of the transportation system, and often without public control. With the increasing need to treat transportation in cities as one system, which is the basic rationale for Transportation System Management (TSM), parking emerges as a very important system component, since it can be used effectively for influencing travel patterns and for restraining automobile use, particularly in congested areas. The main purposes of this study are: 1) to show that parking policy represents a potentially effective tool for regulation of urban transportation under the TSM program; 2) to define the relationship between the parking policy with other complementary or alternative TSM measures; 3) to present and evaluate various aspects of a parking policy and illustrating these by various applications in different cities; and 4) to recommend the potential parking policies which cities can apply as a part of their TSM Measures. This study presents different types of parking restraints in the forms of regulatory measures, limits on parking supply, and pricing. Applicability and effectiveness of each measure is discussed. Groups affected, whether positively or negatively, by various parking measures are defined. Experiments undertaken in several cities with different types of parking regulations and pricing are described. The report recommends that parking be included in analyses and planning of urban transportation systems and used as a very effective tool of traffic regulation, modal split change, and improvements of both urban travel conditions and urban environment in general. (UMTA) KW - Automobile travel KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Modal split KW - Parking regulations KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142425 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197334 AU - Fisher, R J AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIORITY TREATMENT FOR HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLES IN THE UNITED STATES: A REVIEW OF RECENT AND FORTHCOMING PROJECTS PY - 1978/08 SP - 37 p. AB - The purposes of the report are to: (1) describe recent High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) preferential projects in the United States; (2) summarize the results of these projects and draw implications; and (3) outline projects which are to be implemented over the next few years. The report describes each of the following approaches to preferential treatment: non-separated concurrent-flow freeway HOV lanes; contra-flow freeway lanes; metered-ramp bypass lanes and exclusive ramps; physically separated priority lanes; express bus service and park-and-ride lots; lanes on arterials and Central Business District (CBD) streets reserved for buses; bus priority signal systems on arterials and CBD streets; transit malls; and auto restricted zones. During the late 1960's and early 1970's, a variety of priority treatments were attempted. Both capital intensive projects and non-capital intensive projects were implemented during this period. By the middle of the 1970's, thinking within the transportation planning community had moved away from the costly capital intensive priority treatments that require extensive new construction to the more operationally oriented traffic management schemes that use existing facilities in a more efficient manner. Except for the non-separated concurrent flow projects, other non-capital intensive priority treatments on freeways have fared well. Nearly every HOV priority treatment on freeways has involved the use of new or expanded express bus service and the opening of new park-and-ride lots. Arterial and CBD street bus lanes have been implemented in many cities, transit malls have grown in popularity, and four auto restricted zones are to be built during the next few years. KW - Bus priority KW - Bypasses KW - Capitalized costs KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway traffic control KW - Park and ride KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Ramps KW - Reserved lanes KW - Strategic planning KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197358 AU - Hawkes, D L AU - Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport Board AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, PHASE II: IRAN PROGRAM. INSPECT, REPAIR AS NECESSARY ON THE AIRTRANS AGT VEHICLE PY - 1978/08 SP - 61 p. AB - This is a report on the AIRTRANS Inspect Repair as Necessary (IRAN) project performed under the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program, Phase II. The main objective was to critically evaluate the condition of an AGT vehicle after 268,000 miles and five years of operation and to provide a guide for the establishment of IRAN plans for future AGT systems as they are deployed in an urban environment. A program plan was developed to systematically inspect, and repair as required, the structural and other subsystems of the vehicle in operation at the Dallas/Ft. Worth Airport. The approach included Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) procedures, including radiograph, and dye penetration. The use of a high-powered magnifying lens with bright lighting conditions was also employed in the inspection procedures. The detailed inspection revealed a sound frame and chassis construction with no evidence of cracking in the welded structure. The other subsystems that were inspected, such as the suspension and drivetrain, displayed the normal wear patterns. Repairs were made on the acrylic/fiberglass exterior body panels. Subsequent followup revealed these repairs generally failed, as have previous repair attempts. Repairs were made to the vehicle roof because of a temperature related problem with the acrylic/fiberglass construction. The result of the project indicates that the maintenance procedures developed for this system are excellent. With the exception of the exterior body panels, the vehicle appears capable of attaining the 20-year service life. A five-year IRAN program is recommended to assure continued high performance. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Chassis KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Electrical equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance practices KW - Nondestructive tests KW - Panels KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Quality control KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Service life KW - Suspension systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197441 AU - Downey, P J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER'S GUIDE FOR THE INTERACTIVE SCHEDULING PROGRAM: PRELIMINARY CALENDAR VERSION PY - 1978/08 SP - 30 p. AB - The Office of Transportation Management of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), in conjunction with the Transportation Systems Center (TSC), designed and developed the Interactive Scheduling Program (ISP) to assist rail-transit operators in the scheduling of preventive maintenance. The ISP was first applied to the scheduling of warranty inspections for the new Light-Rail Vehicles (LRV's) acquired by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The warranty for these vehicles covers a 2-year period, and requires scheduled inspections every 45 days. While the ISP is designed for the LRV's, its scope could easily be broadened to aid any property with equipment whose maintenance is conducted on a calendar basis. This document describes the user's guide for the preliminary calendar version of an ISP. A computerized scheduling system is described that is designed to operate on a real-time or on-line basis. By utilizing a set of program commands, the user is allowed to enter and extract data relative to vehicle warranty scheduling. A scheduling algorithm was developed for this program which incorporates a variable work window whose purpose is to minimize fluctuations in the daily workload. This minimization results in less required manpower and overtime, therefore resulting in a reduced maintenance cost. The program operates on a five consecutive year span for the years between 1976 and 2000. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance practices KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Scheduling KW - Shopping facilities KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88624 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197359 AU - Chicago Transit Authority AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM PLAN PY - 1978/08 SP - 63 p. AB - The report contains a recommended System Safety Program Plan for the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) rail system. It contains a recommended policy statement, recommendations for specific actions to improve CTA system safety management practices and processes, and finally, recommendations for a process for up-dating and re-evaluating the Program Plan. The suggestions presented build upon substantial foundation established previously by the CTA in its current system safety efforts. The Plan is divided into four sections: (1) Safety Policy Statement; (2) Current CTA Safety Activities; (3) Recommendations to Strengthen Current CTA Safety Management Practices and Processes; and (4) Recommendations for Re-Evaluation and Modification of the System Safety Program. These recommendations are to a great extent tailored to the specific facilities, personnel, and philosophy of the organization of the CTA, and are not intended as a set of general guidelines for the rail transit industry. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Equipment KW - Illinois KW - Maintainability KW - Management KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331076 AU - Schneider, P H AU - Norton, D D AU - Dutcher Industries, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW LIFE CYCLE COST PARATRANSIT VEHICLE DESIGN STUDY SN - UM844/R8749 PY - 1978/08 SP - 84 p. AB - A preliminary design and cost study was performed for a low life cycle cost paratransit vehicle. The manufacturing technique and cost analysis were based on limited production of 5000 units per year for a ten year period. The vehicle configuration resembles a small van which will carry six passengers including a passenger confined to wheelchair. A low floor is standard, and ramps can be provided to make wheelchair energy conventient. It is estimated that these PTV's could be manufactured for $10,659.93 each. Operational costs would be lower than conventional taxi cabs for several reasons. Low vehicle weight and an efficient 4 cylinder engine provide good fuel mileage and low fuel costs. Durable front end components and excellent component accessibility provide reduced maintenance costs. (Author) KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design costs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Vans KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188223 AU - O'ROURKE, T D AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - TUNNELING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION: A REVIEW OF EUROPEAN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE PY - 1978/08 SP - 210 p. AB - Several underground construction methods are examined with reference to recent European applications. An evaluation of the inherent strengths and weaknesses associated with each method is made. The methods under review include grouting in soil, grouting in rock, ground freezing, cast-insitu walls, prefabricated walls, secant piles, slurry shield tunneling, and the New Austrian Tunneling Method as applied to soft ground conditions. The economics of underground construction are examined. The tunneling costs associated with six European metro systems are summarized. Where appropriate, the construction costs are itemized and the cost structures are viewed in the light of the ground conditions and construction methods used. The operation and organization of several European metro authorities are discussed. Tunneling practice in the United Kingdam is studied and used as a focal point for examining such issues as the apportionment of risk under contract and the resolution of contract disagreements. Comparisons are made between urban tunneling costs for rapid transit in the U.S. and Europe. Recommendations for improving tunneling practice are offered. /Author/ KW - Cast in place structures KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Freezing KW - Grout KW - Modulus KW - Piles (Supports) KW - Prefabricated structures KW - Rocks KW - Secant KW - Secant modulus KW - Shields (Tunneling) KW - Shields (Tunnels) KW - Slurry trench construction KW - Slurry trenches KW - Soft soils KW - Soil freezing KW - Soils KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184580 AU - Paul, G AU - Casey, R AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ATLANTA WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE BUS STUDY PY - 1978/08 SP - 56 p. AB - This document describes the implementation and operation of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority's fixed-route, subscription service for handicapped individuals. It is based on a site visit and discussions with several individuals in the Atlanta area. Operational characteristics including the early months of service are presented, as well as pictures/charts depicting the MARTA L-BUS vehicle, floor layout, lift design, lift operation, safety features, wheelchair securement, and problem areas. The subscription service, initiated in May 1977, began with a single bus operating three daily routes and has grown to seven buses operating 27 daily and two weekly routes. The buses are all lift equipped and most have 4 wheelchair positions and seventeen seats. As of May 1978, ridership has increased from 41 to 270 passenger trips per week. New routes are established by grouping trip origin and destination requests into vehicle tours. At least four handicapped passengers must be able to be served in a single tour before that route is incorporated into the system. The dispersion of the desired trip origins and destinations has resulted in low productivities and in high passenger trip costs. The net direct operating cost, excluding the extra deadheading due to special garaging requirements, was $12.54 per passenger trip for the first seven weeks of service with only very light reductions since that time. The major difficulty that users experience with the lift equipment has been getting onto the lift platform unaided. However, with the driver/others to assist them, their usage of the system has not been restricted. Mechanically, the lift equipment has performed better than the Authority's maintenance staff expected. /UMTA/ KW - Bus drivers KW - Fixed routes KW - Passengers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Subscription bus service KW - Travel KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Trip KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199117 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Hessami, M S AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING POLICY AS A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT MEASURE PY - 1978/08 SP - 75 p. AB - The main purposes of the study are: (1) to show that parking policy represents a potentially effective tool for regulation of urban transportation under the Transportation System Management (TSM) program; (2) to define the relationship between the parking policy with other complementary or alternative TSM measures; (3) to present and evaluate various aspects of a parking policy and illustrating these by various applications in different cities; and (4) to recommend the potential parking policies which cities can apply as a part of their TSM measures. The study presents different types of parking restraints in the forms of regulatory measures, limits on parking supply, and pricing. Applicability and effectiveness of each measure is discussed. Groups affected, whether positively or negatively, by various parking measures are defined. Experiment undertaken in several cities with different types of parking regulations and pricing are described. The report recommends that parking be included in analyses and planning of urban transportation systems and used as a very effective tool of traffic regulation, modal split change, and improvements of both urban travel conditions and urban environment in general. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Effectiveness KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Modal split KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Policy KW - Prices KW - Regulations KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198183 AU - O'ROURKE, T D AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TUNNELING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION: A REVIEW OF EUROPEAN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE PY - 1978/08 SP - 225 p. AB - This report deals with technical, financial, and managerial aspects of urban underground construction in Western Europe. An evaluation of the inherent weaknesses and strengths associated with each method is made. The methods under review include grouting in soil, grouting in rock, ground freezing, cast-insitu walls, pre-fabricated walls, secant piles, slurry shield tunneling, and the New Austrian Tunneling Method as applied to soft ground conditions. The objectives of this report are: (1) to review specific underground technologies--several construction methods are summarized with reference to recent European applications; (2) to study the economics of underground construction--the tunneling costs associated with six European metro systems are summarized. Where appropriate, the construction costs are itemized and the cost structures are viewed in the light of the ground conditions and construction methods used; and (3) to examine the operation and organization of several European metro authorities--tunneling practice in the United Kingdom is studied and used as a focal point for examining such issues as the apportionment of risk under contract and the resolution of contract disagreements. In this report, comparisons are made between urban tunneling costs for rapid transit in the United States and Europe. Recommendations for improving tunneling practice are also provided herein. KW - Analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contracts KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Europe KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Field tests KW - Freezing KW - Grouting KW - Insitu methods KW - New Austrian Tunneling Method KW - Precast concrete KW - Prefabricated structures KW - Rapid transit KW - Retaining walls KW - Reviews KW - Risk analysis KW - Rocks KW - Slurry trench construction KW - Slurry trenches KW - Slurry tunneling KW - Soft soils KW - Soil stabilization KW - State of the art studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Technology KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197526 AU - O'Connor, J F AU - Riccio, A H AU - Hazeltine Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FIELD TESTING OF A PULSE TRILATERATION AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM IN PHILADELPHIA. VOLUME II. TEST RESULTS AND DATA PY - 1978/08 SP - 266 p. AB - The report describes the Pulse Trilateration Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system developed by Hazeltine Corporation, and presents results of the Phase I test program in Philadelphia. This study is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's multi-phase program to develop advanced AVM for multi-user applications. Volume II presents the Philadelphia Phase I test results and data. It describes the Hazeltine AVM system and the test configuration in detail, explains the data analysis and reduction techniques used, and proposes changes which would be made in the system prior to Phase II. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Automation KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Friction KW - Ground vehicles KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Pennsylvania KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Radio transmission KW - Transmission KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197443 AU - Lima, P M AU - McCoy, P T AU - JEPSEN, S R AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EVALUATION FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES PY - 1978/08 SP - 177 p. AB - The general intent of the research was to conduct a practical framework which can be easily integrated into the current urban transportation planning process and which can also be adapted to previously established institutional arrangements with medium-sized metropolitan areas. For this, a systems analytic approach was applied. Based on this approach, six specific tasks were undertaken to construct such a framework: (1) the identification of specific transportation objectives which can be achieved through various TSM strategies; (2) the construction of a set of TSM performance measures or measures of effectiveness which are sensitive to TSM objectives; (3) the identification of a set of techniques to monitor the performance of TSM strategies; (4) the development of a decision rule which when given the TSM objectives, measures of effectiveness, and strategies, can be used to evaluate overall performance of TSM strategies; (5) the testing of monitoring techniques for various TSM strategies; and (6) the development of an information system for the collection, retention, and retrieval of TSM information. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Strategic planning KW - Strategy KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197525 AU - O'Connor, J F AU - Riccio, A H AU - Hazeltine Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FIELD TESTING OF A PULSE TRILATERATION AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM IN PHILADELPHIA. VOLUME I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/08 SP - 29 p. AB - Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) is an important part of an overall command and control system for vehicle fleet management as it automatically provides the system operator and/or dispatcher with timely information on the location and status of all vehicles to be controlled. This report describes the Pulse Trilateration AVM system developed by Hazeltine Corporation, and presents results of the Phase I test program in Philadelphia. This study is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's multi-phase program to develop advanced AVM for multi-user applications. Volume I is an Executive Summary of the Philadelphia Phase I test results. During Phase I, Hazeltine implemented the key elements of its trilateration location technique in Philadelphia, collected and analyzed performance data, and documented the results in this report. The Hazeltine system determines the position of mobile units by measuring the arrival times of the lead edge vehicle pulse transmissions at a limited number of fixed receiver sites. Differences in time-of-arrival (TOA) of the transmissions are used by a central processor to compute the coordinates of the mobile units. Fixed signpost transmitters are used to improve time of passage accuracy at slow vehicle speed locations. The system covers fixed route, random route, and special-case situations in both low and high regions, and provides time-of-departure data for fixed route bus/transit applications. Data acquisition is automatic, with the basic data recorded on magnetic tape. Evaluation of the system's performance is provided by off-line simulation, which reflects the conditions and processing procedures proposed for the Phase II AVM tests in Los Angeles. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Automation KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Fixed routes KW - Friction KW - Ground vehicles KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Public transit KW - Radio transmission KW - Transmission KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00188215 AU - Ohio Kentucky Indiana Regional Council of Governments TI - OHIO TRAFFIC ACCIDENT BRIEF, 1975-1977 PY - 1978/08 SP - 31 p. AB - This document presents a three year history and analysis of the traffic accidents in the Ohio portion of the OKI Region and the municipalities therein. /Author/ KW - Crash reports KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191452 AU - WAGNER, M AU - Goldsamt, M AU - Lester, N AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECRIMINALIZATION: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME I: ANALYSIS AND FINDING PY - 1978/07/31 SP - 215 p. AB - The primary goal of this research study is to compare the relative fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness of decriminalized administrative adjudication processes in two geographic areas, (Buffalo, New York and the State of North Dakota) with traditional adjudication programs in similar geographic areas (Syracuse, New York and the State of South Dakota, respectively). To accomplish this goal, information common to all selection sites was identified, collected and analyzed to determine if significant differences in impact existed on a series of criterion measures, the type and degree of impact, and whether obtained differences were attributable to specific causative factors. This report is produced in three volumes: Volume I contains the Analysis and Findings; Volume II contains the Discussion, Summary, Conclusions, and Appendices; Volume III is a Special Summary Report. KW - Courts KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - New York (State) KW - North Dakota KW - Prevention KW - South Dakota KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191454 AU - WAGNER, M AU - Goldsamt, M AU - Lester, N AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECRIMINALIZATION: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME III: SPECIAL SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1978/07/31 SP - 71 p. AB - The primary goal of this research study is to compare the relative 'fairness,' 'efficiency,' and 'effectiveness' of decriminalized administrative adjudication processes in two geographic areas, (Buffalo, New York and the State of North Dakota) with traditional adjudication programs in similar geographic areas (Syracuse, New York and the State of South Dakota, respectively). To accomplish this goal, information common to all selection sites was identified, collected and analyzed to determine if significant differences in impact existed on a series of criterion measures, the type and degree of impact, and whether obtained differences were attributable to specific causative factors. This report is produced in three volumes: Volume I contains the Analysis and Findings; Volume II contains the Discussion, Summary, Conclusions, and Appendices; Volume III is a Special Summary Report. KW - Courts KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - New York (State) KW - North Dakota KW - Prevention KW - South Dakota KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191453 AU - WAGNER, M AU - Goldsamt, M AU - Lester, N AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECRIMINALIZATION: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION. VOLUME II: DISCUSSION, INTERPRETATION AND APPENDICES PY - 1978/07/31 SP - 109 p. AB - The primary goal of this research study is to compare the relative 'fairness,' 'efficiency,' and 'effectiveness' of decriminalized administrative adjudication processes in two geographic areas, (Buffalo, New York and the State of North Dakota) with traditional adjudication programs in similar geographic areas (Syracuse, New York and the State of South Dakota, respectively). To accomplish this goal, information common to all selection sites was identified, collected and analyzed to determine if significant differences in impact existed on a series of criterion measures, the type and degree of impact, and whether obtained differences were attributable to specific causative factors. This report is produced in three volumes: Volume I contains the Analysis and Findings; Volume II contains the Discussion, Summary, Conclusions, and Appendices; Volume III is a Special Summary Report. KW - Courts KW - Crimes KW - Drivers KW - New York (State) KW - North Dakota KW - Prevention KW - South Dakota KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82812 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191451 AU - PRC Systems Sciences Company AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECRIMINALIZATION: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION PY - 1978/07/31 SP - 395 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Adjudication KW - Administrative procedures KW - Aged KW - Traffic courts KW - Traffic law enforcement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184584 AU - Menhard, H R AU - Flusberg, M AU - Englisher, L S AU - Multisystems, Incorporated TI - MODELING DEMAND-RESPONSIVE FEEDER SYSTEMS IN THE UTPS FRAMEWORK PY - 1978/07 SP - 168 p. AB - For the transit planner considering alternative future transit designs, there has been little in the way of analytical tools available to assess the impact of demand-responsive transportation (DRT) systems. The intent of this report is to provide the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) user with a methodology for incorporating DRT feeder systems in transit network analysis. The focus is on the use of DRT systems to provide feeder services to fixed transit routes in low density areas. A methodology for considering such services within the framework of UTPS modeling is presented herein. A set of previously developed DRT supply models, representing many-to-many service, many-to-one cycled service, and many-to-one subscription service have been refined for the purposes of this report. These services are discussed and general guidelines for designing feeder services offered. The models themselves are described in detail (Appendix A), and program listings provided (Appendix C). In addition, a series of nomographs (Appendix B) based on model results have been developed to enable the analyst to predict the service levels of DRT feeder systems under a range of conditions. Examples of the use of these nomographs, and the overall approach to modeling DRT feeder systems within UTPS, are also included in Appendix B. This report also provides a bibliography and a glossary of terms. /UMTA/ KW - Administration KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Feeder services KW - Mathematical models KW - Nomographs KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56468/modelingdemandr0600mult_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77184 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349733 AU - Bartol, J A AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW LIFE CYCLE COST DESIGN STUDY FOR PARATRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1978/07 SP - 210 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Life cycle costing KW - Paratransit services KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196056 AU - Shlay, D AU - Gil, H AU - Mullins, C J AU - Indiana University, Bloomington TI - TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR IN NORTHWEST INDIANA PY - 1978/07 SP - 232 p. AB - This report describes a study of passenger transportation service in Northwestern Indiana South Bend to Chicago. The objective of the study was to determine the appropriate transportation service that would meet the travel needs of the residents of Northwestern Indiana including St. Joseph, La Porte, Porter and Lake counties. The transportation corridor is defined by existing public transportation and highway facilities in the area from South Bend, Indiana, to Chicago, Illinois. A summary of the history of commuter transportation in the corridor is presented herein. Estimates of the number of railroad and other trips that would be made in the corridor in 1980, 1990, and the year 2000 are made. Nine options for providing commuter transportation in the corridor were presented and evaluated in the terms of environmental criteria, quality of service, economic and financial factors, and special factors. The study recommends that the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend passenger service be continued. The study found that the South Shore is the most energy efficient, the safest, and fastest, and the least costly mode of commuter transportation in the corridor. In addition, it does not increase the congestion of highways or parking problems in downtown Chicago. It has positive economic effects on and is essential to the efforts to decrease air pollution in the heavily industralized area. Finally, the study found that the continuation of the South Shore would have positive effects on recreation at the National Lakeshore Park and the proposed multimodal terminal at St. Joseph County airport. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recreation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/87886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195939 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated TI - ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS STUDY PY - 1978/07 SP - 134 p. AB - This study focuses on the coordination and consolidation of transportation services for the elderly and handicapped in the New Haven, Connecticut area. The report focuses on the areas of vehicle control, financial control, and system evaluation. In some cases, analyses have been up-dated during the preparation of this final report. The proposed near-term system is intended to provide a plan for the integration of services. Initially, it is proposed that this involve services currently offered or planned by three local agencies: the City of New Haven Office of Human Services; the Easter Seal Rehabilitation Center; and the Greater New Haven Transit District. Integration would be accomplished through purchase of service agreements between each agency and a local private transportation operator. This approach represents a cross between system consolidation and system coordination, and attempts to achieve the economies of consolidation while allowing participating agencies to retain a degree of identity and control. A purchase of service agreement based on payment per passenger is also proposed. The vehicles (10 to 12 passenger vans) for the service are to come from a combination of public and private sources. To improve the management of the system, it is proposed that an automated computer-aided scheduling/financial control system be designed and implemented. To facilitate the implementation and monitoring of the service, some degree of coordination between participating agencies is required. This report discusses operating framework, vehicle control, financial control, reporting requirements, cost analysis, and system implementation. KW - Aged KW - Analysis KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Computer aided design KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - User needs KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189969 AU - KENDALL, D AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1978/07 SP - 343 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program addresses the national need to improve the quality, quantity, and efficiency of public transportation services of innovative transit operating techniques and services which utilize existing technology. This report contains a description of the SMD Program for Fiscal Year 1977. Program activities and accomplishments are reviewed, including current and future demonstration project descriptions, project findings, and other support activities. Project findings are organized into four program areas: Conventional Transit, Pricing and Service Innovations, Paratransit, and Special User Groups. In this report, results of demonstration projects and studies leading to or in support of demonstrations are summarized. Areas where there are gaps in the understanding of innovative concepts are mentioned, together with future projects aimed at obtaining necessary experience to arrive at more conclusive understanding of the applicability and potential of these concepts. Other activities carried out in support of the demonstrations are reviewed, such as the development of structured approach to project evaluations, studies of independently initiated local innovations, and the information dissemination program. /UMTA/ KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Information dissemination KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193543 AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1978/07 SP - 86 p. AB - This report documents the Council's continuing efforts to explore ways to improve transportation services to the elderly and handicapped of the St. Louis area. Current data on the size and distribution of the elderly and handicapped population is presented and the extent of existing transit and paratransit services documented. The report concentrates on identifying the needs of those elderly and handicapped who represent the market for public transportation services and offers alternatives for meeting the unmet transportation needs of that segment of the population. /Author/ KW - Aged KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189098 AU - Crain and Associates TI - SAN BERNARDINO FREEWAY EXPRESS BUSWAY EVALUATION OF MIXED-MODE OPERATIONS PY - 1978/07 SP - 204 p. AB - Evaluation of the San Bernardino Freeway Busway has been going on since it was opened in January 1973. From October 1976 through June 1978, carpools of three or more were permitted on this previously bus-only facility. This report evaluates mixed-mode (bus and carpool) operations of the busway; it includes a summary of the bus-only phase (Jan. 1973-Oct. 1976) as well as implications of this research to other possible busway developments. Data was collected from traffic studies and from written and oral surveys. All of the surveys are described in detail in Appendixes A through D of this report. This project has shown that busways can be cost-effective, non-controversial, and a way of attracting substantial numbers of solo auto drivers into buses and carpools. There are about 2600 people now carpooling as a direct result of mixed-mode busway operations. Surveys show that public opinion at all levels support the mixed-mode operation of the busway. The busway is an 11-mile, double-lane, exclusive roadway for high occupancy vehicles, running eastward from downtown Los Angeles. The busway lanes are physically separated by either concrete or flexible barriers from auto traffic lanes, making it a true rapid transit system for buses and carpools. This $57 million system is the most complete facility of its kind in the country, with offline stations, park-ride facilities, two uni-directional bus lanes, feeder bus lines, outlying park-pool lots, and supplemented by a downtown reserved lane. This report concludes that the user-cost savings, for busway-induced carpoolers and bus riders only, cover two thirds of the annual (capital and operating) costs of the busway. /UMTA/ KW - Carpools KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic lanes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313456 AU - Heger, F J AU - Chambers, R AU - Dietz, AGH AU - Simpson Gumpertz and Heger, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development AU - Dow Chemical Company TI - STRUCTURAL PLASTICS DESIGN MANUAL. PHASE I. CHAPTERS 1-4 PY - 1978/07 SP - 505 p. AB - This design manual is intended to assist the practicing engineer in the evaluation and use of plastics as structural materials. Consequently, it emphasizes those technological aspects of the broad class of materials which affect structural behavior and outlines the various categories of plain and modified plastics, noting their basic behavior under the conditions of stress, strain, time, and temperature that control design. It reviews fabrication processes and their effects on materials usage and characteristics, and considers influences of the environment that result in degradation of structural properties. Above all, it examines the design principles and practices applicable to plastics and composites when employed structurally. Divided into four chapters, the manual covers these topics: (1) introduction to structural plastics material and composites, (2) behavior of structural plastics, (3) materials criteria for structural design, and (4) overall considerations in structural design with plastics. It is noted that development of successful plastics structures involves careful analysis of functional requirements and cost targets followed by consideration of all of the factors which affect the use of structural plastics: advantages of both structural and nonstructural qualities and characteristics, formability and structural configuration, combination with other parts of a system and efficiency of support arrangements, economics of processing design for efficient molding, accurate materials strength and stiffness characterization, determinations of stress and strain by an analysis which is appropriate for both structure and application, and final evaluation of structural adequacy by prototype test followed by monitoring and analysis of service performance. References and illustrations are provided. KW - Composite materials KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design methods KW - Fabrication KW - Manuals KW - Mechanical properties KW - Plastics KW - Polymers KW - Structural adequacy KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural design KW - Structural materials KW - Structural mechanics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197456 AU - Bartol, J A AU - Bishop, J G AU - ASL Engineering, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW LIFE CYCLE COST DESIGN STUDY FOR PARATRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1978/07 SP - 204 p. AB - This report summarizes the work performed on the Low Life Cycle Cost (LLCC) paratransit vehicle contract. The program was structured to provide a design of a vehicle suitable for taxi paratransit usage and optimized for LLCC to the end user. This effort is in response to the growing recognition that purchase price or first cost of a vehicle is not a true measure of the cost of ownership. This report includes cost estimates which were prepared for the major elements of life cycle costing including manufacturing, maintenance, and repair costs. The objectives of the LLCC design study were to: (1) review the current designs; (2) identify and characterize features that impact the life cycle cost for taxi applications; (3) design a ride-sharing paratransit vehicle primarily for the taxi application; (4) consider volume production and use of readily commercial component/parts in order to reduce initial cost; and (5) consider maintainability, reliability, safety, and other important features to assure wide acceptance in paratransit and related use. It was concluded that a paratransit vehicle, with all of the special features of this design could be acquired and utilized over its extended service life at a net cost to the operator that would be less than that of a conventional taxicab. KW - Aged KW - Automobiles KW - Cost engineering KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Estimates KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Reliability KW - Reviews KW - Ridesharing KW - Safety KW - Taxicabs KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197524 AU - Westfall, M AU - Vargas, J AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INVENTORY OF PARATRANSIT SERVICES. VOLUME I: ANALYSIS OF SURVEY RESULTS PY - 1978/07 SP - 52 p. AB - In the Southern California area there was the problem of lack of information concerning the provision of paratransit service in the region. Therefore, during the summer of 1977, SCAG began a regionwide telephone survey of possible transportation providers. The primary purposes were: (1) to establish a basis for identifying opportunities to coordinate or consolidate services to improve effectiveness and efficiency, (2) to aid in identifying geographic areas where needed services are currently lacking, or where duplication of service exists, and, (3) to compile a source list for transportation information and referral. All public and private social service agencies listed in county directories, schools, hospitals, and religious and charitable groups were contacted. Taxi and charter bus companies and municipal dial-a-rides were also surveyed. The questionnaire was designed to obtain a brief description of each agency, its clientele, ownership, and operation of vehicles used for transporting clients, and the purposes for which transportation service is provided. Problems encountered in operating a small-scale transportation system, and obstacles which might prevent coordination of various agencies were also of interest. Furthermore, agency service areas were mapped. The results are being issued in a series of reports. As the survey is completed in each county, three sets of information are being published for use by planners, service providers, and the general public. The first portion is an analysis of the survey results which provides an overall perspective on paratransit in a given county. The second portion is a catalog continuing a separate description of each provider's transportation service, including type of service available, number of vehicles operated, funding sources, etc. The third portion contains listings of paratransit providers serving specific geographic areas. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - California KW - Charter operations KW - Consolidations KW - Coordination KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Regional planning KW - Rural areas KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197451 AU - Lerman, S R AU - Manski, C F AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAMPLE DESIGN FOR DISCRETE CHOICE ANALYSIS OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOR PY - 1978/07 SP - 70 p. AB - Discrete choice models represent the choices of individuals among alternatives such as modes of travel, auto types and destinations. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in designing samples for discrete choice analysis of traveller behavior. The objective of this summary is to provide a general framework for analyzing existing data and designing new samples. This paper focuses on discrete choice analysis of travellers' decisions. It incorporates recent published and unpublished theoretical findings as well as some new results. In addition, it addresses the practical concerns which arise in designing and using data samples in travel demand analysis. An effort is made herein to recognize the distinction between the idealizations imposed by formal theory and the real world issues arising in practice. It is assumed that any sample used is drawn by a process termed stratified sampling, in which the analyst partitions the population based on attributes and choices made, and then selects the fraction of observations taken within each stratum and the total sample size. Observations within strata are drawn at random. Two related problems, determining the distribution of the attributes in the population and estimating the choice probabilities conditional on the attributes, are explored. Various procedures for solving both these problems are detailed. The role of experimentation in extending the range of attributes in the population is explored. KW - Demographics KW - Mathematical models KW - Mode S KW - Population KW - Reviews KW - Sampling KW - State of the art studies KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197546 AU - Shlay, D AU - Gil, H AU - Mullins, C J AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR IN NORTHWEST INDIANA PY - 1978/07 SP - 232 p. AB - The report describes a study of passenger transportation service in Northwestern Indiana South Bend to Chicago. The objective of the study was to determine the appropriate transportation service that would meet the travel needs of the residents of Northwestern Indiana including St. Joseph, La Porte, Porter and Lake counties. The transportation corridor is defined by existing public transportation and highway facilities in the area from South Bend, Indiana, to Chicago, Illinois. A summary of the history of commuter transportation in the corridor is presented herein. Estimates of the number of railroad and other trips that would be made in the corridor in 1980, 1990, and the year 2000 are made. Nine options for providing commuter transportation in the corridor were presented and evaluated in the terms of environmental criteria, quality of service, economic and financial factors, and special factors. The study recommends that the Chicago, South Shore and South Bend passenger service be continued. The study found that the South Shore is the most energy efficient, the safest, and fastest, and the least costly mode of commuter transportation in the corridor. In addition, it does not increase the congestion of highways or parking problems in downtown Chicago. It has positive economic effects on and is essential to the efforts to decrease air pollution in the heavily industrialized area. Finally, the study found that the continuation of the South Shore would have positive effects on recreation at the National Lakeshore Park and the proposed multimodal terminal at St. Joseph County airport. KW - Air pollution KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Economic impacts KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Indiana KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Parking KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Services KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190976 AU - Wattleworth, J A AU - Courage, K G AU - Wallace, C E AU - University of Florida, Gainesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Florida Department of Transportation TI - I-95/NW 7TH AVENUE BUS/CAR POOL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT REPORT II-2. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF THE I-95 EXCLUSIVE BUS/CAR POOL LANE PRIORITY SYSTEM ON VEHICULAR AND PASSENGER MOVEMENTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 75 p. AB - Express bus operations on the new priority lanes on I-95 in March 1976 constitute Phase II of the project. The report, Report II-2, discusses the effects of priority systems on vehicle operations, passenger movements, violations and enforcement, and safety. The report concludes that: all travel times were reduced when lanes were opened; violation rate dropped from 63% (three persons occupancy) to 37% (two persons occupancy); additional lanes on I-95 significantly decreased the accident rate on a daily basis. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Expressways KW - Florida KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Law enforcement KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197504 AU - Dynamic Science, Inciorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION PY - 1978/06 SP - 607p-in 5v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189349 AU - Simkowitz, H AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM THREE RECENT NON-SEPARATED CONCURRENT-FLOW HIGH OCCUPANCY FREEWAY LANE PROJECTS: BOSTON, SANTA MONICA AND MIAMI SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1978/06 SP - 52 p. AB - In order to move more people in fewer vehicles with limited capital investment, priorities for High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) have been developed and implemented over the past several years. This study focuses on one of the options of HOV: non-separated concurrent-flow high occupancy freeway lanes. One freeway lane with an average occupancy of 1.3 persons per car can carry 2600 persons per hour. When the occupancy is increased to 4 persons, the hourly person rises to 8000. However, the idealized outcomes have not been realized by reserved lane projects. Through a comparative analysis of results of the three most recent concurrent-flow projects: the Southeast Expressway in Boston, I-95 in Miami, and the Santa Monica Freeway in Los Angeles, this paper attempts to develop a better understanding of the issues that surround the reserved lane concept. These sites were chosen because they represent recent experiments with the concept and because of their substantial differences. The issues addressed in this report are: (1) changes in travel times on the freeways and in transit level of service; (2) modal shift to carpooling and transit; (3) capital and operating costs; (4) changes in accidents and incidents, violation rates, and enforcement; (5) the public's attitude towards the reserved lane concept, the effect of advertising and media, and the role of politics; and (6) the design and operating environment appropriate to the concept. The three projects met with differing degrees of success and failure, and those in Boston and Los Angeles have been terminated. Carpooling increased by about 70 percent and travel times for those using the lanes decreased. There were several weaknesses in the concept, which are discussed in the report. The study presents recommendations for future HOV priority projects. A Listing of References is contained herein. /UMTA/ KW - Carpools KW - Crash rates KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Modal diversion KW - Operating costs KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Strategic planning KW - Travel time KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81748 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370333 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME I: RIDE COMFORT AND QUALITY TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 216 p. AB - The vehicles presently available for paratransit service do not cover the full spectrum of required characteristics necessary for public transportation. Therefore, specifications were developed by the U.S. Government for a vehicle specifically for use in paratransit service. Prototype vehicles were manufactured for the Government by two different manufacturers, and independent series of tests and evaluations of these vehicles were conducted. The program was structured to provide performance data that will be used to upgrade future redesigns. The program consisted of five separate test series: (1) Ride Comfort and Quality; (2) Acceleration and Interior Measurement; (3) Handling; (4) Fuel Economy; and (5) Noise. The results of the program are documented in a five-volume technical report, and each volume corresponds to one of the individual test series. This volume (Volume I) presents the test procedures and results of the ride comfort and quality test series. The objectives of this test series were to measure the ride characteristics of the test vehicles and to determine if and how well they satisfied standards for ride quality. The tests measured the ride characteristics of the two prototype vehicles and a baseline passenger car as they were driven at controlled speeds over a specially constructed ride course. The vibratory motions impacted to the driver and passengers were evaluated against the criteria in International Standard ISO 2631 for driver fatigue and passenger comfort. KW - Comfort KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Test procedures KW - Test vehicles KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370334 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME II: ACCELERATION AND INTERIOR MEASUREMENT TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 189 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume II) presents the test procedure and results of the acceleration and interior measurement test series. The tests determined the acceleration characteristics of the vehicles, the effects of vehicle acceleration/deceleration on vehicle passengers, the effectiveness of wheelchair restraint systems, and the available interior space for the driver and passengers. Performance data of the prototypes are compared with those of two baseline test vehicles. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Deceleration KW - Interior KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Test procedures KW - Test vehicles KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370337 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME V: NOISE TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 57 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype paratransit vehicles were conducted. This volume (Volume V) presents the test procedures and results of the noise tests conducted on the two paratransit vehicles and the baseline test vehicle. The test series measured external vehicle noise during acceleration, constant speed, and stationary at idle conditions. Interior noise at each of the passenger locations and in the drivers's compartment was also measured under the above conditions. KW - External noise KW - Interior KW - Noise KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Sound level KW - Test procedures KW - Test vehicles KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370335 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME III: HANDLING TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 94 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume III) presents the test procedures and results of the handling test series. The test determined the steering and handling characteristics of the two paratransit prototypes and a production baseline vehicle. The tests assessed each vehicle's understeer/oversteer characteristics during cornering, ability to return to a straight line from a turn, capability of safely maintaining lateral accelerations, ability to be maneuvered near its lateral traction limits, and stability and controllability during rapid control reversals. KW - Cornering (Vehicle) KW - Driving KW - Handling characteristics KW - Motor vehicles KW - Oversteer KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Steering KW - Test procedures KW - Test vehicles KW - Understeer KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370336 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME IV: FUEL ECONOMY TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 51 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume IV) presents the test procedures and results of the fuel economy tests. The test series determined the fuel economy of the vehicles as they were driven through simulated urban and suburban driving cycles. The relationships between fuel consumption and vehicle speeds were determined and maximum fuel economies were established. KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Motor vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Speed KW - Test procedures KW - Test vehicles KW - Traffic speed KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321160 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY REPORT OF DATA FROM NATIONAL SURVEY OF TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PEOPLE (JUNE 1978) PY - 1978/06 AB - Part 1. Composition of urban transportation handicapped population: age, dysfunction, employment status, reasons for not working, education, household income, region, and city size. Part ii-iii. Travel behavior and transportation barriers: average monthly trips, time of day need for assistance, and specific mobility problems; barriers to bus, subway and taxi use; and cumulative effect of removing barriers. Part iv-v. Potential travel demand and response to proposed solutions: additional users and trips with 4 proposed systems; and perceived financial and lifestyle benefits under proposed systems. Copyright asi. Data are from interviews conducted with a national probability sample of 2,097 persons in urban areas, May 1976-Jan. 1977. KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305683 AU - Van Sickel, K AU - Heathington, K W AU - Hensley-Schmidt, Incorporated AU - Mississippi State Highway Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MISSISSIPPI STATEWIDE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1978/06 SP - 172 p. AB - The study identifies rural and urban public transportation needs and presents recommendations for better needs assessments, coordination of resources and management of federal, state and regional transportation programs. KW - Coordination KW - Highway transportation KW - Level of service KW - Mississippi KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Rural areas KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144070 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186869 AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRORAIL ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS PY - 1978/06 SP - 37 p. AB - Since 1968 cost estimates for completing the 100-mile Metrorail system within the Washington Metropolitan Area have escalated, and concern has been expressed about financing the full system and whether the full 100-mile system provided the best solution to the transportation problems of the area. The study reviewed a full range of rail and non-rail alternatives for the 'E' Route to Greenbelt, the 'F' Route to Branch Avenue, the 'J-H' Route to Franconia, and the 'K' Route to Vienna. The study was designed to analyze the relative costs and effectiveness of each alternative. Criteria used to evaluate each alternative included patronage, costs, deficits, funding requirements, automobile use, energy consumption and economic measures. Of the 1700 possible regional combinations, 72 were analyzed in detail; five regional candidates were chosen for final study. After eighteen months of study, the JPSC reaffirmed a complete system for the area. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Maryland KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Strategic planning KW - Substitutes KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184586 AU - KIDDER, A E AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro TI - SOURCES OF NON-FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS IN NON-URBANIZED AREAS PY - 1978/06 SP - 120 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to find out the extent to which states and localities are spending nonfederal funds in support of public transportation in non-urbanized areas. A survey was administered to state officials in transportation or highway departments, to social service agencies of the state whose budgets include significant funding for client transportation, to ascertain current and projected expenditures. This report presents the results of a survey of twenty-five states, estimating the extent of nonfederal support for public transportation programs in rural areas. The survey found $36 million dollars of state funds, and three million dollars of substate funds supporting public transportation in these areas. Based upon these figures, it is estimated that at least $78 million are spent annually from nonfederal sources, and that the trend in such funding is upward. Passage by Congress of operating assistance programs for rural areas would enlarge the figure. The principal focus of nonfederal funding is to match social service based budgets used to enhance mobility of the transportation dependent in nonurbanized areas. Two dollars of "special service" transportation money is spent at the state level for every one dollar of "general service" public transportation in nonurbanized areas. /UMTA/ KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Special service KW - State aid KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182028 AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION, HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ON NOVEMBER 8-9, 1977 PY - 1978/06 SP - 143 p. AB - The objective of the symposium was to exchange information among local multi-purpose project operators and federal program managers interested in improving passenger transportation and community development. The report is a compilation of material that was presented at the symposium and contains summaries of remarks presented at one plenary session and four workshops. Discussion topics include the joint economic development of land uses and transportation facilities; non-work trip purposes and multi-use community development; community development planning and site selection for transportation benefits; and uses of passenger transportation for community resource management. Viewpoints on the relationship between community development and passenger transportation are presented by major Federal programs dealing with community development, and illustrated with significant Federal demonstrations. KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Conservation KW - Dwellings KW - Economic development KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Land use KW - Meetings KW - Parks KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Resource management KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197455 AU - Hatfield, N J AU - Guseman, P K AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation TI - BASIC MARKET RESEARCH TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1978/06 SP - 93 p. AB - Market research provides the foundation for effective transit service delivery. Acceptance or rejection of the system and mandated service modifications are dependent on the public's evaluation. The critical importance of sound marketing efforts emphasized the need for a basic guidebook, geared specifically to the transit industry, outlining the principles and procedures of market research. The major responsibilities of a transit market research activity are to collect data, analyze the needs and preferences of the various target markets, and, subsequently, to forecast the potential demand for transit services. Other key functions of market research within the transit field include assessing needs for services by specific target population segments, evaluating the effectiveness of service improvements and alterations, determining the public's attitude toward the transit system, and measuring the effectiveness of specific advertising campaigns and themes. Three general approaches to be used in a transit marketing capacity were discussed: (1) Sample surveys, (2) Field observation, and (3) Secondary data analysis. In comparing these three broad procedures, each has strengths and weaknesses which make them distinct methods. KW - Attitudes KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Field tests KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Interviewing KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Needs assessment KW - Passengers KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Sampling KW - Services KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00193346 AU - Howard Needles Tammen & Bergendoff AU - Simat, Helliesen and Eichner, Incorporated TI - DULLES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ACCESS STUDY PY - 1978/06 SP - 75 p. AB - An attempt has been made to study the feasibility of a demonstration program to improve the accessibility of Dulles International Airport through operational and capital improvements to the existing public mass transit system. The program proposed to meet this objective has two phases: a non-capital intensive, immediate action program to be implemented within one year; and a longer range capital intensive demonstration program to be implemented by 1980 and capable of satisfying the 1985 travel demand. The study is also designed to evaluate the potential for improving commuter travel within the Dulles-Washington, D.C., corridor through the use of the airport's mass transit access system, right-of-way, and/or vehicles. An immediate action program and a longer range demonstration program were also developed to carry out this objective. KW - Airport access KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Demonstration programs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Passenger traffic KW - Public transit KW - Shuttle service KW - Washington Dulles International Airport UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307964 AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLONIAL TAXI COMPANY OF BETHEL PARK, PENNSYLVANIA--PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN PARATRANSIT PY - 1978/06 SP - 60 p. AB - The purpose of this paratransit agency case study was to develop basic instructional materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. This curriculum material consists of 6 separate documents--a guide and 5 paratransit case studies--titled: Paratransit Resource Guide; The Seattle/King Country Commuter Pool Program--Paratransit and Rush Hour Congestion; Colonial Taxi Company of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania--Private Enterprise in Paratransit; The Paratransit Services of the Choanoke Area (North Carolina) Development Association--Rural Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation; The Dial-A-Bat Paratransit Service of Brockton, Massachusetts, Area Transit--Public Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation; and Knoxville, Tennessee, Commuter Pool--Matching Markets to Modes with Paratransit Brokering. KW - Carpools KW - Commuters KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307966 AU - Cook, A R AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PARATRANSIT SERVICES OF THE CHOANOKE AREA (NORTH CAROLINA) DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION--RURAL TRANSIT IN COORDINATED HUMAN SERVICES TRANSPORTATION PY - 1978/06 SP - 48 p. AB - The purpose of this paratransit agency case study was to develop basic instructional materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. This study gives background information on the Choanoke Area Development Association (CADA) and area, and reviews CADA's paratransit operations in 1978. Over 7,000 patrons use the service each month at a total cost to CADA of $0.60 per vehicle mile, including capital and administrative overhead. The study documents the planning and implementation of news services, reviews current management and operating practices, and concludes with commentary on the local and national significance of the servcie. CADA has significantly increased the mobility of low income and elderly and handicapped residents of the Choanoke area and local human service agencies appear to have benefited from the availability of the CADA transportation service. The rural fixed-route bus services with feeder vans have been and should continue to be a model for rural public transportation programs. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Feeder services KW - Fixed routes KW - Implementation KW - Mobility KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307968 AU - Barb, C E AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SEATTLE/KING COUNTY COMMUTER POOL PROGRAM--PARATRANSIT AND RUSH HOUR CONGESTION PY - 1978/06 SP - 75 p. AB - The purpose of this paratransit agency case study was to devleop basic instructional materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. The Seattle/King County Commputer Pool program evolved from a 1973 energy crisis carpool program into a multi-faceted paratransit, paratransit incentives development and planning program focused upon reducing peak hour traffic congestion. The program has been involved in twenty-two recognizable activities, including operating a computer rider-match system and buspool program; development of paratransit incentives, including preferential parking, lane access and tolls; planning and employer consulting, including vanpooling and parking programs, transit strike contingency planning, state legislative lobbying for ridesharing legislation, special commuter and transportation studies, and Federal research into vehicle occupancy monitoring; flexible work hour promotion; and media promotion and educational program development. KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Case studies KW - Commuters KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Stringers KW - Tolls KW - Traffic congestion KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190995 AU - Assistant Secretary for Policy and International Affairs AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY REPORT OF THE NATIONAL SURVEY OF TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PEOPLE PY - 1978/06 SP - 96 p. AB - A major effort has been undertaken by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) in response to Congressional interest in and legislation for the "planning and design of mass transportation facilities to meet special needs of the elderly and handicapped." The total endeavor involves a number of parallel and interdependent areas of activity ranging from a national survey to identify and quantify the transportation handicapped population to a national perspective of the state of the art concerning transportation for transportation handicapped people. As a first step in this multi-phased program, UMTA funded a comprehensive national study using probability techniques and procedures which provide quantified information on the transportation handicapped population in urban areas of the United States. This information includes the number of transportation handicapped people, their characteristics, their current transportation behavior, the perceived barriers that inhibit using public transportation as often as they would like, and an assessment of solution alternatives designed to improve transportation for transportation handicapped people. The national survey is considered to be a major component of the total endeavor since it establishes a firm base of knowledge on the transportation handicapped population on a national basis, which until now did not exist. KW - Aged KW - Census KW - Design KW - Human factors KW - Level of service KW - Passengers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Sociology KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305864 AU - Sanders, M S AU - Canyon Research Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS DOCUMENT FOR TRANSIT VEHICLE WHEELCHAIR LIFT DEVICES PY - 1978/06 SP - 87 p. AB - The purpose of the document is to provide guidelines for the design and evaluation of wheelchair lift devices for public transit vehicles (buses and light rail vehicles). Included is an analysis of wheelchair and maneuvering dimensions and their impact on both the lift system and transit vehicle design. Much of the content deals with general safety considerations and vehicle interior design which are the same for ramp or lift devices. A total of sixty three (63) requirements and recommendations are presented covering the design and operation of the lift, the vehicle lift interface, the vehicle interior, and the reliability and maintainability of the system. In addition, the report discusses evaluation parameters needed to assess the cost of public transit lift devices. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Lifts KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintainability KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public service vehicles KW - Ramps KW - Reliability KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Street railroads KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00185424 AU - Cooper, T AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain and Associates TI - THE LIFT: SPECIAL NEEDS TRANSPORTATION IN PORTLAND, OREGON PY - 1978/06 SP - 228 p. AB - This report covers the first year of a two-year demonstration in which the regional transit authority in coordination with local social service agencies provides curb-to-curb transportation services to eligible elderly and handicapped clients on an advance reservation basis. The demonstration project was designed to test the transit operator's ability to provide specialized service to handicapped and elderly persons and coordinate this service with contracting social service agencies. The report presents time-series data as well as analysis of the project's workability, cost-effectiveness, and impact on all project participants. The issues and analysis procedures are outlined. The project operation and its evolution from its pre-implementation phase are described. The demand and supply of the Special Needs Transportation service are also described. The economics of the LIFT system are analyzed and the projects impact on clients, social service agencies and Tri-Met (the regional transit authority are assessed.) The conclusions are summarized, and information for comparing LIFT with two other modes (taxis and private non-profit providers) are provided. KW - Aged KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Taxicabs KW - Time series KW - Transportation KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00307969 AU - Cook, A R AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE DAIL-A-BAT PARATRANSIT SERVICE OF BROCKTON, MASSACHUSETTS, AREA TRANSIT--PUBLIC TRANSIT IN COORDINATED HUMAN SERVICES TRANSPORTATION PY - 1978/06 SP - 53 p. AB - The purpose of this paratransit agency case study was to develop basic instructional materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. Brockton Area Transit (BAT) was one of the first public transit properties in the United States to tackle the problem of coordinating the transportation services of local human service agencies. Dial-A-Bat, paratransit element of BAT, is a demand-responsive service for agency clients and the elderly and handicapped public. Operations began in February 1977; by 1978 it was transporting over 10,000 patrons per month. This report provides background information on Brockton and BAT; reviews Dial-A-Bat operations in 1978; documents planning and implementation of the service; reviews current management and operating practices; and concludes with a commentary on the local and national significance of Dial-A-Bat. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Implementation KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197505 AU - Wesson, L E AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME I: RIDE COMFORT AND QUALITY TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 216 p. AB - The vehicles presently available for paratransit service do not cover the full spectrum of required characteristics necessary for public transportation. Therefore, specifications were developed by the U.S. Government for a vehicle specifically for use in paratransit service. Prototype vehicles were manufactured for the Government by two different manufacturers, and independent series of tests and evaluations of these vehicles were conducted. The program was structured to provide performance data that will be used to upgrade future redesigns. The program consisted of five separate test series: (1) Ride Comfort and Quality; (2) Acceleration and Interior Measurement; (3) Handling; (4) Fuel Economy; and (5) Noise. The results of the program are documented in a five-volume technical report, and each volume corresponds to one of the individual test series. This volume (Volume I) presents the test procedures and results of the ride comfort and quality test series. The objectives of this test series were to measure the ride characteristics of the test vehicles and to determine if and how well they satisfied standards for ride quality. The tests measured the ride characteristics of the two prototype vehicles and a baseline passenger car as they were driven at controlled speeds over a specially constructed ride course. The vibratory motions impacted to the driver and passengers were evaluated against the criteria in International Standard ISO 2631 for driver fatigue and passenger comfort. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Comfort KW - Evaluation KW - Fatigue (Physiological condition) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Noise KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance tests KW - Prototypes KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Riding qualities KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197461 AU - Forest, J AU - Versailles, C A AU - Transport Canada Research and Development Centre AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MODIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF A SMALL STATION WAGON DESIGNED FOR TRANSPORTATION OF THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1978/06 SP - 40 p. AB - The project was designed to modify and evaluate a small stationwagon to be used to transport handicapped people in a door-to-door service. The project made it possible to determine specific data in terms of future modifications. The report concludes that: (1) the project shows that a small modified stationwagon can be used to transport handicapped people and provide both a useful and viable service; (2) the prototype evaluated has the required size, capacity, comfort, and versatility; and (3) the cost of modification, the weight and gas consumption could be substantially reduced if these vehicles were modified en masse, because that would justify using a fiberglass body rather than a steel one. KW - Automobile bodies KW - Automobiles KW - Comfort KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Fiberglass KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gasoline KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Motor vehicles KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197507 AU - Wesson, L E AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME III: HANDLING TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 94 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume III) presents the test procedures and results of the handling test series. The test determined the steering and handling characteristics of the two paratransit prototypes and a production baseline vehicle. The tests assessed each vehicle's understeer/oversteer characteristics during cornering, ability to return to a straight line from a turn, capability of safely maintaining lateral accelerations, ability to be maneuvered near its lateral traction limits, and stability and controllability during rapid control reversals. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Comfort KW - Control KW - Evaluation KW - Handling KW - Handling characteristics KW - Maneuverability KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Standards KW - Steering KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197509 AU - Wesson, L E AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME V: NOISE TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 57 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype paratransit vehicles were conducted. This volume (Volume V) presents the test procedures and results of the noise tests conducted on the two paratransit vehicles and the baseline test vehicle. The test series measured external vehicle noise during acceleration, constant speed, and stationary at idle conditions. Interior noise at each of the passenger locations and in the driver's compartment was also measured under the above conditions. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Comfort KW - Evaluation KW - Noise KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Prototypes KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Sound level KW - Speed KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197361 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES OF SERVICE AVAILABILITY PY - 1978/06 SP - 295 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger service KW - Reliability KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197364 AU - Leis, R D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES OF SERVICE AVAILABILITY. VOLUME III: APPLICATION GUIDELINE MANUAL PY - 1978/06 SP - 87 p. AB - The document presents guidelines for the establishment and control of service availability during the planning, procurement, and operational phases of an AGT system. It is intended to serve the following interests and functions: (1) System Buyer - To establish realistic level-of-service criteria, to evaluate supplier proposals, and to assess the impact of design changes during system design and construction; (2) System Supplier - To assess impact of equipment failure characteristics, to determine compliance with performance specification, and to assess the impact of reliability/maintainability enhancement; (3) System Operator - To establish performance monitoring information needs, to monitor system performance, to assess the effectiveness of failure management strategies. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Control KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger service KW - Railroad stations KW - Reliability KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Supply KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197362 AU - Leis, R D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES OF SERVICE AVAILABILITY. VOLUME I: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1978/06 SP - 18 p. AB - The objective of the project was to develop passenger-oriented measures of service availability which could be used to control the failure characteristics of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems throughout their life cycle. A corollary and equally significant objective was to develop, as necessary, a methodology for utilizing these measures during this control process. This document, Volume I, is a summary of the research effort and results. Service availability is defined as a measure of the impingement of failures on transit system service as perceived by the passengers. The alternate technologies and applications for AGT systems require service availability measures (SAMs) to gage the impact of alternate reliability and maintainability (R/M) options and goals. The transit industry views various forms of passenger delay potential to be the appropriate parameters of service availability. The tendency of a system to induce delays is a complex function of R/M and operational characteristics. No single measure or model exists which can be uniformly applied to different technologies or applications. A methodology is presented to compute these relationships for simple loop and/or shuttle systems. More complex systems will require computer simulation procedures. This volume also summarizes the recommendations that resulted from this research. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Control KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger service KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Supply KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197363 AU - Leis, R D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES OF SERVICE AVAILABILITY. VOLUME II: TASK TECHNICAL REPORTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 190 p. AB - The study (a part of UMTA's Automatic Guideway Transit Technology program) is aimed at developing a set of measures for "service availability" which will be meaningful, readily understandable, and acceptable to transit operators, suppliers, and interested Government agencies. Service availability is defined in a generic sense as a measure of the impingement of equipment failures on the operation of a transit system as perceived by the users and operators. The first task of the study was an in-depth review of existing literature dealing directly or indirectly with the generic subject of service availability. The purpose of this document is to report the results of this task. In this task, over 100 papers, textbooks, and symposium proceedings were reviewed. The Appendix is a bibliography of material reviewed. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Bibliographies KW - Control KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger service KW - Reliability KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Supply KW - Traffic delays KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197448 AU - Demos, E M AU - Madison County Council of Governments AU - Anderson City Planning Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE CITY OF ANDERSON TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/06 SP - 110 p. AB - The basic purpose of the report is to evaluate the previous management structure of the City of Anderson Transportation System (CATS), and to identify and evaluate any changes which have occurred. The main focus of this document is the description of the status of CATS' past and present management structures. The document shows that CATS' previous management had many problems that prevented it from operating efficiently. These problems were identified as: (1) unclear lines of responsibility and communication; (2) unpredictable service; (3) lack of organizational direction; (4) inefficient utilization of personnel; and (5) the view of CATS as an implementing agency of the city's transportation policy without any input into policy development. CATS' weak management structure was accompanied by inefficient policies and procedures in the areas of personnel, maintenance, and inventory control. These factors prompted the City of Anderson to hire a professional transit manager who has since effectively reorganized CATS' management structure to eliminate many of the management problems described. The study also analyzes CATS' management reorganization and presents future objectives, recommendations, and conclusions. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Indiana KW - Inventory control KW - Inverse condemnation KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - Policy KW - Property condemnation KW - Systems management KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197508 AU - Wesson, L AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME IV: FUEL ECONOMY TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 51 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume IV) presents the test procedures and results of the fuel economy tests. The test series determined the fuel economy of the vehicles as they were driven through simulated urban and suburban driving cycles. The relationships between fuel consumption and vehicle speeds were determined and maximum fuel economies were established. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Comfort KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Prototypes KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197506 AU - Wesson, L E AU - Culley, C AU - Anderson, R L AU - Dynamic Science AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PARATRANSIT VEHICLE TEST AND EVALUATION. VOLUME II: ACCELERATION AND INTERIOR MEASUREMENT TESTS PY - 1978/06 SP - 189 p. AB - A series of tests and evaluations of two prototype vehicles for paratransit were conducted. This volume (Volume II) presents the test procedure and results of the acceleration and interior measurement test series. The tests determined the acceleration characteristics of the vehicles, the effects of vehicle acceleration/deceleration on vehicle passengers, the effectiveness of wheelchair restraint systems, and the available interior space for the driver and passengers. Performance data of the prototypes are compared with those of two baseline test vehicles. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Comfort KW - Deceleration KW - Evaluation KW - Interior KW - Manual safety belts KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance tests KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Safety equipment KW - Standards KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicles KW - Vibration KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189968 AU - Fisher, G P AU - Engineering Foundation Conferences TI - GOODS TRANSPORTATION IN URBAN AREAS--GTUA III. PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ENGINEERING FOUNDATION CONFERENCE, SEA ISLAND, GEORGIA, 4-9 DECEMBER 1977 PY - 1978/06 SP - 824 p. AB - A five-day conference to explore contemporary issues in urban goods movement (UGM) was organized by representatives of the Transportation Research Board, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institute of Transportation Engineers, and the Federal Highway Administration. The Third Conference on "Goods Transportation in Urban Areas," reported in this volume, was held at The Cloister, Sea Island, Georgia, December 4-9, 1977, under the auspices of the Engineering Foundation. Five special topics were probed and reported upon by workteams, namely: 1) traffic engineering and design to facilitate UGM; 2) impact of local government regulations; 3) interface between Federal regulations and UGM; 4) UGM in regional system planning; and 5) locating and servicing major urban freight generators. In addition to Probe Group reports and recommendations, there are presented 40 keynote, summary and resource papers covering such topics as data requirements, time value of cargo, service trucks, terminal design and location, transportation system management, planning methodology and case studies, intermodal transfer, freight regulation and economics. KW - Commodities KW - Conferences KW - Economics KW - Freight service KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Local government KW - Regional transportation KW - Regulations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181983 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - COME TOGETHER RIDESHARING PROGRAM OPTION SUMMARIES PY - 1978/05 SP - 57 p. AB - The document provides technical summaries of the transportation options under consideration. These include (1) transportation facility improvements (e.g., exclusive lanes for high-occupancy vehicles; park and ride service; park-pool service), (2) non-facility transit service improvements (e.g., revised operation strategies, commuter bus service), (3) paratransit, (4) public sector information, legislative and administrative support, and (5) employer-incentive programs. These option summaries provide background material for identifying and evaluating strategies that encourage ridesharing. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Fuel consumption KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Improvements KW - Incentives KW - Level of service KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Paratransit services KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Reserved lanes KW - Ridesharing KW - Services KW - Traffic lanes KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00765987 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EUROPEAN TRANSIT MARKETING PROGRAMS AND CONSUMER-INFORMATION AIDS PY - 1978/05 SP - 35 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of the collection of data on European transit marketing by the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transit Marketing Programs and Information Systems in the summer of 1976. The study focused on marketing elements and consumer-information aids in 13 European cities. Committee members used a detailed questionnaire as an outline to collect data in personal interviews with transit-property managers and marketing representatives. The data deal with four major segments of transit operation: service characteristics, system characteristics, user characteristics, and consumer-information elements. Marketing and operations strategies of European transit operators are analyzed. Patterns of transit patronage and automobile ownerships, financing and pricing, and market research programs of the transit properties are compared. The information services provided in various cities studied included route timetables, systemwide maps, information centers, and telephone information systems. The study concluded that both internal and external conditions are important in developing an effective transit marketing program. The recommendations of the study concerned internal policies over which transit management has direct control, such as consumer-information elements, pricing and fare structure, and operations. The five fundamental consumer-information elements that could improve the attractiveness of a transit system were a system map, a route timetable or schedule, an information sign at the stop, vehicle roller signs at the front and side, and the transit employee. Effective prepayment programs and uniform fare structure throughout a region's transit system were recommended as fundamental to more effective pricing. KW - Data collection KW - Europe KW - Fare prepayment KW - Fares KW - Information systems KW - Maps KW - Marketing KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Schedules KW - Transit operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/502449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199124 AU - Lenard, M AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE COSTS AND APPLICATION ANALYSES FOR NEW SYSTEMS PY - 1978/05 SP - 28 p. AB - This paper reflects the view that both the accelerating walkway (AW) and the automated mixed traffic vehicle (AMTV) system can provide service for short urban trips. In this paper, estimated life cycle costs of the two promising feeder and local circulation systems, AW and AMTV, are examined. Cost functions for the AW and the AMTV are described; their sensitivity to some of the design, operating and cost parameters is examined. The two systems are placed in the context of hypothetical applications to identify typical user costs. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - People movers KW - Periodic variations KW - Service life KW - Sidewalks KW - Statistics KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182081 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Price Waterhouse and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission TI - SEPTA MANAGEMENT STUDY PY - 1978/05 SP - 72 p. AB - In 1964, State Act 450 created the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) with a mission to provide or arrange for the provision of effective and efficient public transportation services in the five-county Pennsylvania portion of the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The SEPTA Management Study was commissioned by SEPTA's funding governments to evaluate how well this mission was being performed in consideration of the agency's budget constraints, and to make specific improvement recommendations. The study uses a series of diagnostics (peer group comparison, case studies, flow charts, and organizational analysis) to identify areas where SEPTA performance appeared unusual. Serious deficiencies are identified in nine functional areas (Cash Handling, ConRail Purchase-of-Service Agreement, Surface Transit Operations Planning, Vehicle Utilization, Surface Transit Maintenance, Capital Project Management, and Regional Fare Integration) and seven additional improvement areas. A key question raised in this study relates to the roles of the SEPTA Board and SEPTA's funding agencies. Specific actions, including organizational changes, are recommended which will yield near-term benefits. KW - Administration KW - Attitudes KW - Commuter service KW - Conrail KW - Deficiencies KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Labor market KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Pennsylvania KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Services KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Subsidies KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197356 AU - Larson, G S AU - Zuckerberg, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLYWHEEL/DIESEL HYBRID POWER DRIVE: URBAN BUS VEHICLE SIMULATION PY - 1978/05 SP - 222 p. AB - This report describes the results of a Transportation Systems Center investigation conducted under Urban Mass Transportation Administration sponsorship, of the practicality of a flywheel/diesel hybrid power drive for urban transit bus propulsion. The program is based on the use of a systems approach to develop propulsion design concepts consistent with environmental, safety, operational, and economic objectives. A simulation model, developed in the program, was the major tool used in the investigation and is described in detail in the report. This model should be useful in further studies of flywheel/heat engine analyses for vehicle propulsion application over various drive cycles. The hybrid used continuously variable ratio transmissions (CVRT) and a control subsystem to optimize fuel consumption in an 'on-off' mode of engine operation. The system is projected to have a reduction in fuel consumption of at least 50% (in gallons per mile) below the diesel-alone fuel consumption for urban bus driving cycles having more than 4 stops per mile. Regenerative braking is used, contributing to fuel consumption improvement. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric power transmission KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Power systems KW - Propulsion KW - Simulation KW - Transmissions KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195567 AU - Kemp, M A AU - Urban Institute TI - THE CONSEQUENCES OF SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS: AN OVERVIEW OF A RESEARCH PROGRAM PY - 1978/05 SP - 140 p. AB - Because of Congressional interest evidenced in 1974 legislation, special emphasis is placed on the evaluation of fare-free transit services. This paper presents an overview of a research program designed to improve understanding of the costs and consequences of various transit fare and service level policies, and focuses particularly on objectives and methods. The principal questions for research concern the existence and magnitude of various possible outcomes from short-range improvements. Broadly categorized, these outcomes relate to: 1) the demand for transit service; 2) the quality of service experienced by the user; 3) operating costs; 4) the transit industry; 5) broader urban transportation; 6) the incidence of impacts; and 7) other longer-term considerations. Forty-seven different types of potential consequence are discussed, and priorities are suggested for their investigation. The paper explores the appropriateness of four different general research activities to appraising the most important of the potential outcomes. These four activities are the analysis of existing transit operating experience, with and without the collection of new data, and the mounting of social experiments, either in a "real world" operating environment, or in a simulated setting. In each of the general categories, certain specific research studies are suggested, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The paper concludes by placing partially subjective priorities for Federal support on the thirteen different research studies proposed. /UMTA/ KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189348 AU - SHERMAN, L AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - THE MINNEAPOLIS RIDESHARING COMMUTER SERVICE DEMONSTRATION--EVALUATION PLAN SN - MN-06-0008 PY - 1978/05 SP - 139 p. AB - In April 1977, the Metropolitan Transit Commission initiated a two-year ridesharing brokerage demonstration project designed to increase work trip-vehicle occupancy at three employment sites located outside the Minneapolis/St. Paul Central Business District: South Central Minneapolis, Pentagon Park/Normandale, and Central Bloomington. The key elements which differentiate this ridesharing demonstration from previous efforts are the use of a regional transit agency to serve as a broker in marketing, coordinating, and monitoring the program; the promotion of a wide range of ridesharing services; and the choice of multi-employer sites. The program is marketed under the name "Commuter Services" and provides carpooling, vanpooling, subscriptions and regular bus services to commuters to and from the employment sites. The marketing strategy is to make personal calls to the largest employers and to use an audiovisual presentation for smaller employers and business groups. The major objectives of this project is to provide a detailed, chronological process description of brokerage service and a statistically sound assessment of the results of the demonstration project. Issue areas to be analyzed include level-of-service changes; demand shifts; and the costs, productivities, and economics of the ridesharing modes promoted. While all of the demonstration elements cited in the study should serve to stimulate ridesharing activity, they should be viewed against several off-setting factors that are discussed in the report, and which may discourage significant increases in work trip-vehicle occupancy. However, overall, the study should serve as a reference guide to interested agencies, indicating the type and range of issues they may confront. This report contains a "Listing of References" and a "Report of New Technology". /UMTA/ KW - Brokerage KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Marketing KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189342 AU - ROBESON, J F AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - URBAN FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION: LEGAL ATTITUDINAL, AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1978/05 SP - 122 p. AB - The problem of transporting small shipment of general freight by motor carrier within an urban center has become an important U.S. transportation problem today. Of the several alternatives proposed to solve the urban congestion/small shipment problem, the concept of freight consolidations is pointed out herein as having the greatest merit. This study examines the issues associated with implementing the concept of urban freight consolidation. It includes an analysis of the legal implications of alternative forms of ownership and the impact which ownership might have on operating rights. In addition, it reports the findings of a national survey conducted to determine the attitudes toward urban freight consolidation held by consignees, consignors, transport agents, public warehousemen, and planning agents. It also examines the concerns expressed by each of the proceeding publics relative to implementing and operating a consolidation terminal or series of terminals. The primary focus of this research is to investigate the economic and social impact which an urban small shipment consolidation terminal might have on a typical metropolitan area such as Columbus, Ohio. This report concludes that: urban goods consolidation is economically feasible and socially desirable; there are no apparent legal restrictions that cannot be overcome; and the attitudes toward consolidation by the publics are favorable. A set of conclusions stating how urban terminal consolidation might best proceed is also included. /UMTA/ KW - Attitudes KW - Consolidations KW - Freight transportation KW - Implementation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Legal factors KW - Neutralizers KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186232 AU - McCall, CHJ AU - Simkowitz, H AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE DOUBLE DECK BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1978/05 SP - 48 p. AB - This report is one of three documents that constitute an evaluation of the Double Deck Bus (DDB) Demonstration Project sponsored by UMTA. The project was conducted in Los Angeles and New York City (July 1974-June 1977). The primary objective at the two sites was to assess potential increases in vehicle productivity in an express, limited busway service (L.A.) and in regular service (NYC). DDB carry from 68-84 passengers; conventional buses carry from 45-47 passengers. Both buses require a single transit employee, the driver. In New York City, eight British Leyland double deckers operated on two Manhattan routes characterized by congested traffic, heavy passenger loads, frequent stops, and frequent passenger turnover. In Los Angeles, the two German Neoplan buses operated between the suburbs and the central business district, providing a combination of express and collection/distribution/park-and-ride services. Seven months of revenue service were analyzed for NYC project and eleven months of revenue service for Los Angeles. The evaluation considers passenger acceptance/perceptions of the DDB vis-a-vis the conventional bus. Statistics are presented on schedule adherence, dwell times, passenger throughput, vehicle reliability, on-board safety, repair and maintenance costs/capacity mile, and fuel and oil consumption rates. It was concluded that: passengers preferred the DDB; foreign production line vehicles should have been treated as prototypes and undergone extensive on-site testing and re-design before they were produced as standard production line vehicles and accepted for revenue service--this procedure is recommended for all future purchases of double deck vehicles. KW - Analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - California KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Double deck buses KW - Evaluation KW - Field performance KW - Fuel consumption KW - Maintenance KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Public opinion KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186230 AU - McCall, CHJ AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NEW YORK CITY DOUBLE DECK BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: AN EVALUATION. REPORT NO. 2 (FINAL) PY - 1978/05 SP - 200 p. AB - This report is the second of three documents that constitute an evaluation of the Double Deck Bus (DDB) Project sponsored by UMTA. The project was conducted in New York City and Los Angeles (July 1974-June 1977). The primary objective at the two sites was to assess potential increases in vehicle productivity in an express, limited busway service (L.A.) and in regular service (NYC). DDB carry from 68-84 passengers; conventional buses carry from 45-47 passengers. Both buses require a single transit employee, the driver. This report provides a comparative evaluation between the eight British Leyland double deck buses and four conventional GM buses in New York City. Bus routes in New York were characterized by congested traffic, heavy passenger loads, frequent stops, and frequent passenger turnover. Only seven months of revenue service data were analyzed, due to delays in manufacturing and in satisfying U.S. safety and environmental requirements. The evaluation considers passenger acceptance/perceptions of the DDB vis-a-vis the conventional bus. Statistics are presented on schedule adherence, dwell times, passenger throughput, vehicle reliability, on-board safety, repair and maintenance costs, and fuel and oil consumption. This report concludes that: passengers preferred the DDB; there were no serious problems with the use of internal stairs nor with crime or vandalism on the second level; the DDB project was hampered by problems related to the purchase of foreign vehicles and their re-design to meet American requirements; and the results favored the incorporation of the double decker into the American bus fleets from both an economic and level-of-service point of view. KW - Analysis KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crimes KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - Passengers KW - Productivity KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Routes KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban transportation KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77863 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184849 AU - McCall, C H AU - Simkowitz, H AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE NEW YORK CITY DOUBLE DECK BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: AN EVALUATION PY - 1978/05 SP - 210 p. AB - From July 1974 through June 1977, the Double Deck Bus (DDB) Demonstration Project was conducted in New York City and in Los Angeles. The primary objective at the two sites was to assess potential increase in vehicle productivity in a feeder/park-and-ride-express busway service (L.A.) and in local service (NYC). Double deck buses carry from 68 to 85 passengers as contrasted with conventional buses which carry from 45 to 47 passengers. Both buses call for only a single transit employee, the driver. This report provides a comparative evaluation between the eight British Leyland double deck buses and four conventional GM buses in New York. Volume I contains and executive summary of both projects, while Volume III provides a detailed analysis of the double deck bus demonstration in Los Angeles. Bus routes in New York were characterized by congested traffic, heavy passenger loads, frequent stops, and frequent passenger turnover. A full-range of socio-economic classes was served and the routes traversed lower- to upper middle-class residential districts, major shopping centers and commercial and business areas. Only seven months of revenue service data are analyzed in this report, due to delays in manufacturing and in satisfying United States safety and environmental requirements. The evaluation considers passenger (including transit dependent) acceptance and perceptions of the DDB when compared with the conventional bus. Drivers, mechanics, and dispatchers were interviewed to identify their reactions to the new bus. Statistics are presentd on schedule adherence, dwell times, passenger throughput, vehicle reliability, on-board safety, fuel and oil consumption rates, operating costs, and financial and scheduling implications. Problems encountered in introducing a non production-line vehicle into revenue service in an existing fleet are discussed. KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Double deck buses KW - Express buses KW - Feeder services KW - Park and ride KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186231 AU - McCall, CHJ AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE LOS ANGELES DOUBLE DECK BUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: AN EVALUATION. REPORT NO. 3 (FINAL) PY - 1978/05 SP - 142 p. AB - This report is the third of three documents that constitute an evaluation of the Double Deck Bus (DDB) project sponsored by UMTA. The DDB project involved the purchase and operation of contemporary DDBs in New York City and Los Angeles (July 1974-June 1977). The intent was to assess whether the DDB was able to make its greater passenger capacity available at a cost per capacity-mile less than or equivalent to its conventional counterpart. DDBs carry from 68-84 passengers; conventional buses carry from 45-47 passengers. Both buses require a single transit employee, the driver. This report provides a comparative evaluation between the two German Neoplan DDBs and the two conventional Flxible buses, and it explores vehicle-related, transit operator-related, and user-related issues. In Los Angeles, the two Neoplan buses operated between the suburbs and the central business district, providing a combination of express and collection/distribution/park-and-ride services. Only eleven months of revenue service are analyzed, due to project delays to correct original manufacturing deficiencies. This evaluation considers passenger acceptance/perception of the DDB vis-a-vis the conventional bus. Statistics are presented on schedule adherence, dwell times, passenger throughput, vehicle reliability, on-board safety, repair and maintenance costs, and fuel/oil consumption. The report concludes that: passengers (52%) preferred the DDB; operating costs were nearly identical for the two bus types; major delays were associated with debugging and retro-fitting the DDBs; and results argued for the incorporation of the DDB into the American bus fleets from both an economic and level-of-service point of view. KW - Analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - California KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Evaluation KW - Express buses KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Passengers KW - Public opinion KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Scheduling KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314384 AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME III. PLANNING FOR IMPROVED SOUTH JERSEY COMMUTER SERVICE PY - 1978/04 SP - 257 p. AB - This three-volume study contains the eleven regional transportation-related technical studies conducted by the DRPA, and sponsored by UMTA in coordination with the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Volume III contains the following reports: (1) Ridership and Revenue Study--Woodcrest/Philadelphia International Airport Rail Commuter Service (III); (2) Ridership and Revenue Study--Woodcrest/Atlantic City Rail Commuter Service (IV); (3) Ridership and Revenue Study--Woodcrest/Ocean City/Cape May Rail Commuter Service (XI); (4) Appendix A--Statement Supporting Revision of DRPA FY 1974 Unified Work Program; and (5) Appendix B--Unified Work Program, UMTA Project No. IT-09-0032, Revised Scope of Services DRPA Projects. This report evaluates the rail commuter service in Southern New Jersey in terms of ridership, revenues, and capital and operating costs. KW - New Jersey KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150951 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00756450 AU - Elms, C P AU - Cooke, FAF AU - McGean, T J AU - Merritt, H W AU - N. D. Lea and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY OF CAPITAL AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COST EXPERIENCE OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/04 SP - 68 p. AB - This report summarizes the cost data developed during the course of assessments of several Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems in United States and Germany. Both capital and operations and maintenance costs have been examined in the context of each system's operational characteristics. Descriptive information on each system, together with a summary of performance measures, is also included. The report presents unit cost data, cost trends and discusses certain of the economic factors applicable to AGT systems. It constitutes the initial phase of an ongoing program to provide useful information to cities and other public agencies, as well as private organizations considering or planning AGT installations. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capital costs KW - Costs KW - Economics KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - People movers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/537697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186111 AU - Graver, C A AU - Fry, C M AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION MODELS STUDY PROGRESS REPORT. COST AND WEIGHT MODEL PY - 1978/04 SP - 142 p. AB - The Vehicle Lateral Control and Switching (VLACS) project has been established to investigate alternative steering and switching systems applicable to a variety of automated transit vehicles. The VLACS project tests include a review of existing lateral control and switching technology, detailed mathematical modeling analysis and simulation, detailed hardware studies, experimentation with alternative designs, and development of guideline specifications for VLACS systems. A usable life-cycle cost and weight model is available for immediate application to automated guideway transit (AGT) nominal designs and control alternatives from these designs. The model incorporates the design goals delineated herein; a test case has been successfully run. This document contains a description of the cost and weight model for VLACS systems. The model is a life-cycle cost and weight model which focuses on system components which vary with lateral control option. This model is to be used to evaluate the cost and weight of VLACS design for four classes of AGT vehicles: Shuttle Loop Transit (PRT), Group Rapid Transit (GRT) large and small, and Personal Rapid Transit (PRT). Numerous illustrations and tables related to the model, its programs and subroutines, as well as a list of references are contained herein. This report concludes that the model has been structured to allow for evolution to keep the model current and usable. Relative inflation rates will be added to this model in the immediate future, and a test case using data for the SLT nominal design will be run at General Research Corporation. The model will then be converted to Otis equipment and an updated version of this report will be prepared. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Control systems KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steering KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77783 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315159 AU - Delaware River Port Authority AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY TRANSITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME II: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL PLANNING. TECHNICAL STUDY PY - 1978/04 SP - 260 p. AB - The Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA) has been engaged, since June 1970, in progressing a comprehensive Mass Transit Study which was directed toward developing specific recommendations regarding the DRPA Mass Transportation Development Program. This three-volume study contains the eleven regional transportation-related technical studies conducted by the DRPA and sponsored by UMTA in coordination with the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Volume II, this report, contains the following project/final reports: 1) Environmental Impact Analysis (II); 2) Improvements for Better Serving the Elderly and Handicapped (IX); and 3) Environmental Improvements to the Existing PATCO System (X). This report contains information regarding the projects evaluated environmentally, namely, the Philadelphia-Mt. Laurel Line, and the Philadelphia-Glassboro Line. The report examines methods of serving the elderly and handicapped and high speed rail transportation facilities operated by PATCO (Port Authority Transit Corporation); SEPTA (Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority); METRO (Washington Metropolitan Area Transity Authority); and MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority). The report also reviews the need and recommends methods for providing environmental improvements to the existing PATCO system, such as noise abatement; station modification; user information services; landscaping for aesthetic improvements; and modifications to existing parking facilities. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Environmental impacts KW - General surface features of the earth KW - Improvements KW - Landscape KW - New Jersey KW - Noise control KW - Parking facilities KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181986 AU - Rock, S M AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MONETIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS: POLICY EVALUATION METHODOLOGY PY - 1978/04 SP - 138 p. AB - The impacts of transportation investments are often measured in units that make comparisons difficult. Converting the units of an impact into equivalent dollar values (called monetization) will allow the combination of diverse effects measured in different inherent units. The result of this monetization process should provide additional objective and useful information in the decision-making process, and thus improve the analysis of investment alternatives. This report concentrates on those impacts that are relatively easy to monetize (travel time, energy use) and those impacts that are relatively difficult to monetize (pollution, accidents). Monetization for current values only is considered. The report consists of nine parts: an introduction and summary of the findings plus eight appendixes detailing the monetization process for a number of transportation impacts. The appendixes discuss the following: pollution, crime, accident costs, comfort, residential and business relocation, travel time and energy use. KW - Air pollution KW - Analysis KW - Analyzing KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Crashes KW - Crimes KW - Decision making KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Impact studies KW - Investments KW - Land use KW - Methodology KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Policy KW - Pollution KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315158 AU - Delaware River Port Authority AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DELAWARE RIVER PORT AUTHORITY TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME I: PLANNING FOR PATCO EXTENSION AND IMPROVEMENT. TECHNICAL STUDY PY - 1978/04 SP - 196 p. AB - The Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA) has been engaged, since June 1970 in progressing a comprehensive Mass Transit Study which was directed toward developing specific recommendations regarding the DRPA Mass Transportation Development Program. This three-volume study contains the eleven regional transportation-related technical studies conducted by the DRPA, and sponsored by UMTA in coordination with the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Volume I, this report, contains the following project/final reports: 1) continuation of DRPA Transit Planning Program (I); 2) Justification of PATCO Extensions and Improvements (V); 3) Master Plan of Public Transportation Improvements for the DRPA Area of Responsibility (VI); 4) Relocation Program (VII); and 5) Advanced Land Acquisition Program (VIII). This report describes the work done to develop the governing criteria and basic design for continuation of public transportation planning activities by DRPA. It also analyzes the Consultants Rail Expansion Program in terms of regional implementation; least cost versus acceptable levels of service; support of land-use objectives and policies; and beneficial effects on social problems of mobility, poverty, and segregation. The Consultants' program recommended a total program of 32 miles of additions to the existing rapid transit system: a 14-mile extension from Broadway Station in Camden to the Interstate Route 295-New Jersey Route 38 Interchange in Mt. Laurel Township, and an 18-mile extension from Division Street in Camden to Glassboro. KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Improvements KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - New Jersey KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Property acquisition KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197651 AU - Goss, W P AU - Shuldinger, P W AU - Giglio, R J AU - Kaczka, E E AU - Webster, L A AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS FARE-FREE BUS RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1978/04 SP - 312 p. AB - This final report on the Amherst, Massachusetts Fare-Free Bus Research and Demonstration Project reviews the project background and scope, details its conduct and extensive data collection and analysis, presents findings and conclusions, and discusses the transferability of these findings and conclusions to other urban areas. The major objectives of the project was to determine to what extent at first providing a fare-free bus service, and later, increasing restrictions on intra-campus automobile use would have in a shift away from commuting by automobile in favor of commuting by bus. There was also concern as to how changes in transportation services would affect community attitudes toward public transportation. Significant findings were that: (1) introducing high frequency, fare-free transit services attracts high levels of ridership of low income groups, while only slightly reducing automobile usage and traffic congestion; (2) increased parking fees are not as effective a deterrent to automobile use as are reduced parking availability and strict parking regulations enforcement; (3) increases in parking fees that are perceived as relatively large, will be met with strong opposition from lower income workers for whom the automobile is the only available mode; and (4) fare-free transit will have significantly positive impact on the demand for multi-family housing and sales volumes of retail establishments, depending upon their relative proximity to transit bus stops. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Constraints KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Low income groups KW - Massachusetts KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Public transit KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Ridership KW - Students KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191689 AU - Levinson, H S AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEMAND; A HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS PY - 1978/04 SP - 129 p. AB - The handbook is intended to guide transportation planners, engineers, and decision-makers in: assessing demands for urban, highway, and transit systems; applying and validating conventional transportation planning techniques; and establishing sound transportation planning decisions. It contains characteristics of urban bus, rail, and highway systems, and urban trip-making. The handbook may be used to compare travel parameters for a given community with those in other cities, thereby providing a basis for cross-checking and refinement. As part of the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) of UMTA and FHWA, it provides basic inputs to the urban transportation planning process as well as ways of checking the results for reasonableness and relevance. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Commuter service KW - Competition KW - Decision making KW - Government planning KW - Governments KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Highway transportation KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56357/characteristics0600unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189345 AU - Jackson, A F AU - MCKELVEY, D J AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro TI - TRANSIT PROBLEMS IN SMALL CITIES AND NON-URBANIZED AREAS: INVENTORY OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN PLACES LESS THAN TEN THOUSAND POPULATION OUTSIDE OF URBANIZED AREAS PY - 1978/04 SP - 99 p. AB - This report summarizes the type and level of transportation services (taxi, specialized transportation services, intracity and intercity buses) available in places between 2,500 and 10,000 population outside of urbanized areas in 48 contiguous states and the number of such services serving these communities. It also includes a section summarizing information on places under 2,500 population. In places (2,500-10,000), the inventory highlights the following unexpected results: Taxi-75% of total companies served 3 or 4 places, 18% had contracts with agencies, and State is second most common regulator and City government is the least common; Specialized Transportation Services--13% of all vehicles were equipped for non-ambulatory, 9% of the places had more than one specialzied service, 50% provided demand-responsive service, and local governments operated 23% of the systems; Intercity Buses Service-service provided to only 42% of places sampled, and 7% had contracts received a subsidy; Intracity Bus Service--5% of the systems were large metropolitan systems, 52% were privately owned, and only 21% were countywide. Of the 291 sample places with population between 100 and 2,500, 27 sample places were served by 40 taxi systems; 47 were served by 54 specialized transportation systems, and 32 had intercity bus service. Four of the systems (13%) stated that they had passenger service contracts or subsidies from state or local governments. Of the 32 systems reporting capital funding assistance, two received 16 (b) 2 funding. This inventory report contains many charts/fact sheets regarding the transportation services examined. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Inventory KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81746 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186166 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Zeigen, M AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. REPORT B PY - 1978/04 SP - 92 p. AB - This report is part of a series that assesses the technology and development of Accelerated Moving Walkway Systems (AMWS). The system has the capacity to accelerate pedestrians to 4 to 5 times the conventional system speed through changing treadway configuration. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the current status of AMWS technology, to establish potential candidates for a public demonstration, to fix definitive cost and operational data, and to establish user acceptability and safety. The objective is to produce a system which will operate with a line speed of twice the speed of walking and which will provide a time and human saving advantage to extend the effective moving way system range. This report includes a history of moving way system development and summarizes the available information necessary to describe and assess the systems of five AMWS developers which are at, or near, the hardware prototype stage of development and testing. The systems are Speedaway, Trax, Applied Physics Laboratory, Boeing, and Dean. The systems considered in this study vary in their dimensional environs, thus affecting their adaptability to site applications. The variations are between the designs forming a single linear configuration similar to existing moving way systems, and other designs forming loop or 'S' shaped configurations. KW - Accelerating (Process) KW - Accelerating agents KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Conveyors KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Sidewalks KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197514 AU - McBrayer, D B AU - Howard, D M AU - Boyd, M W AU - Littleton, A C AU - Bi-State Development Agency AU - Dalton, Dalton, Little, Newport AU - Urban Behavioral Research Associate, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXISTING SERVICES IMPACT STUDY. VOLUME III. APPENDIX B: ON-BOARD RIDERSHIP SURVEY PY - 1978/04 SP - 116 p. AB - The purpose of the origin and destination survey was fourfold. It sought to provide data on the existing service and ridership which would be useful (1) in updating and augmenting the 1974 survey, (2) in determining the degree of service adequacy and equity, (3) as an aid in the review and analysis of existing services, and (4) as a source of information required in the transit need and transit alternatives analysis. KW - Aged KW - Criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Minorities KW - Missouri KW - Needs assessment KW - Origin and destination KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197513 AU - McBrayer, D B AU - Howard, D M AU - Boyd, M W AU - Littleton, A C AU - Bi-State Development Agency AU - Dalton, Dalton, Little, Newport AU - Urban Behavioral Research Associate, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXISTING SERVICES IMPACT STUDY. VOLUME II. APPENDIX A: SEVENTEEN CRITERIA: ANALYSES AND RESULTS PY - 1978/04 SP - 213 p. AB - The study resulted from questions that had been raised about the quantity of Bi-State Development Agency transit services provided to the transit-dependent and minority population of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. The Project had the objectives of evaluating existing service, determining whether it is adequately and equitably provided to the transit-dependent and minority population, and identifying any needed corrective steps that can be taken. The study found that services were generally adequate and equitable. Deficiencies with respect to adequacy were found in availability of financial assistance, frequency of service, trip speed, vehicle loadings, and on-time performance. Equity deficiencies were found in the areas of vehicle loading and bus cleanliness. The elements of the recommended program are addressed. KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Facilities KW - Financing KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Loading KW - Loads KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minorities KW - Missouri KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle capacity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179166 AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - Heder, L AU - BARBER, E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Moore-Header Architects TI - RESTRAINT OF THE AUTOMOBILE IN AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS PY - 1978/04 SP - 57 p. AB - Two techniques for restraining the use of the automobile have recently become popular in the United States: residential parking permit programs and traffic restraint devices. While both the these approaches are aimed at restraining the use of the automobile in residential areas, they have little in common as far as appearances or specific purposes. The residential parking permit programs employ a licensing technique to prevent non-residents from coming into an area and parking their cars, while the traffic restrain programs use physical devices to prevent or minimize traffic from passing through an area. The first half of the paper discusses parking policies in residential neighborhoods. The causes of the parking problem, the effects it has on the neighborhood and its residents, and the potential solutions are discussed. A summary of parking policies in forty communities is also included. The second half of the paper is devoted to the use of traffic restraint devices in residential neighborhoods. The problem of through traffic and its negative effects on a residential neighborhood are discussed as the issues related to their implementation and effectiveness. Traffic restraint devices that are being used in the United States are described and traffic restraint devices in 37 communities are summarized. Case studies are given for Berkely, California and Seattle, Washington. KW - Automobiles KW - Implementation KW - Licenses KW - Parking regulations KW - Policy KW - Residential areas KW - Traffic restraint UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00177276 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAND ACQUISITION AND RELOCATION ASSISTANCE UNDER THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1964, AS AMENDED PY - 1978/03/21 SP - v.p. AB - This manual is designed to provide guidance to grantees of mass transit projects under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 as amended, to meet the requirements of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, by identifying and adapting the requirements imposed referenced authorities on projects involving land acquisition and/or the relocation of persons, businesses, farm operations and non-profit organizations. This manual contains guidance relating to requirements on the necessity for, and providing a means of preparation of: the appraisal and acquisition of real property; rendering relocation services; moving, relocation and replacement housing payments; and, other expenses when land acquisition and/or relocation are involved. KW - Appraisals KW - Costs KW - Housings KW - Policy KW - Property acquisition KW - Real property KW - Relocation assistance KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71725 ER - TY - SER AN - 00756458 JO - Institut de Recherche des Transports PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Institute of Transport Research TI - DESCRIPTION OF THE VAL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1978/03/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents the results of a preliminary investigation of the Villeneuve d'ASCQ-Lille (VAL) system (also known as the Light Automated Vehicle System) under construction in Lille, France. The study was conducted under a bilateral agreement between the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the French Ministry of Transportation and was carried out jointly by DOT's Transportation Systems Center, under Urban Mass Transportation Administration sponsorship (UMTA), and by the Institut de Recherche des Transports (IRT), a research organization sponsored by the French Ministry of Transportation. In the United States, this study is one of a number of studies of existing and in-process automated guideway transit systems for possible application to a wide range of urban activities. This interim report is a historical description of the development phases of the VAL system, a brief overview of the VAL system as tested on a test track, and a status report and program schedule for the system being constructed in the City of Lille, France. KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - International compacts KW - Light rail transit KW - Urban transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/538839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587401 AU - Foster, Gordon AU - Penca, Michelle AU - Niagara Frontier Transportation Committee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - Before, During, After: Impact Study for the Buffalo LRRT PY - 1978/03 SP - 110p AB - A revised study design for the subject study is submitted here for review. An earlier design was prepared on the basis of the original 11 mile "heavy" rail concept and submitted to the PCC October 16, 1974. Comments were received, the study revised, and copies forwarded to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) April 2, 1975. After UMTA approval of the rail transit project for engineering, extensive comments were received on the impact study from both UMTA and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) in October, 1976. This new study design has been prepared to reflect those comments, the shortened version of the rail project and the Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) concept which has now been adopted. The development of a rapid transit project in an urban environment has profound impacts on urban form and structure. The decision to build a light rail rapid line through one of Buffalo's main traffic corridors presents an unparalleled opportunity to study the impacts of a major investment on the different sectors of urban life. Consisting of 6.4 miles of track, including a downtown at-grade pedestrian mall section, cut and cover and deep rock tunnel portions, the system is expected to integrate with a network of feeder buses to increase accessibility to economic and social opportunities downtown. It is important to realize that the rapid transit project is one part of an overall development plan for the region which includes major redevelopment of downtown, including a downtown Mall, construction of a convention center and increased hotel space. KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Central business districts KW - Impact studies KW - Light rail transit KW - Redevelopment KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56338/beforeduringafte00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182094 AU - Barber (Richard J) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE UNITED STATES AND THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET FOR RAIL EQUIPMENT PY - 1978/03 SP - 118 p. AB - The report deals with the international market for rail transit cars and the firms which manufacture the equipment, with emphasis on the position of the U.S. domestic segment of that market at the present time and in the foreseeable future. The U.S. transit car market has been penetrated successfully in recent years by Canadian, French, and Italian carbuilders. The author discusses the circumstances surrounding these events. The report discusses the following issues: (1) the commercial and economic outlook of carbuilders and component suppliers; (2) government funding of the rail passenger equipment market (worldwide); (3) the degree of interdependence that exists among the economies of the world, the corporations who manufacture and trade on a global scale, and the rail industry itself; (4) the U.S. domestic transit car market; and (5) the implications for public policy. This report is based mainly on a series of interviews and discussions with people drawn from the rail carbuilding industry, component supply companies, transit authorities, railroads, trade associations, and government agencies. Some conclusions drawn from this study are: (1) the principal problems faced by U.S. carbuilders were strongly in evidence well before the appearance of foreign competitors; (2) transit authorities and UMTA have been faced with rising transit equipment costs and a bid pattern which shows an alarming tendency for only one or two (or none) U.S. firms to bid; and (3) none of the sources consulted expect all U.S. carbuilders to disappear, but most tend to regard a reduction in the number of carbuilders as inevitable. KW - Canada KW - Carbuilders KW - Competition KW - Economic analysis KW - Equipment KW - Forecasting KW - France KW - Government policies KW - Industries KW - International trade KW - Interviewing KW - Italy KW - Labor relations KW - Market surveys KW - Marketing KW - Passenger cars KW - Policy KW - Purchasing KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Trade KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191376 AU - Schofer, R E AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ELASTICITY OF TRANSIT DEMAND WITH RESPECT TO PRICE: A CASE STUDY PY - 1978/03 SP - 45 p. AB - The report describes the methodology and the results of an empirical study of peak-period transit demand elasticity with respect to price (fare). Field observations were structured to capture the reactions of morning (inbound) commuters to a peak-period fare increase introduced on September 1, 1975. The study is limited to bus and automobile travelers on the Shirley Highway and bus passengers on the Lee Highway, both in Northern Virginia. The Shirley buses provide express service on exclusive freeway lanes, whereas the Lee Highway buses provide traditional service on a signalized radial arterial. Various impacts are identified, quantified and compared. Demand for service on the Shirley Highway Express buses is less elastic (-0.274 to -0.218) than that for the traditional Lee Highway bus service (-0.535 to -0.273). There was little evidence of passengers on either service shifting travel outside the peak-periods to avoid higher fares. The fare increase had no effect on auto travel. These results suggest applying different pricing policies to different types of transit service. KW - Automobiles KW - Maryland KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Prices KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182002 AU - HAINES, G A AU - Fry, C M AU - McHugh, T AU - Greeson, J O AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW STUDY PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1978/03 SP - 155 p. AB - The Vehicle Lateral Control and Switching (VLACS) project has been established to investigate alternative steering and switching systems applicable to a wide variety of automated transit vehicle types. This project is part of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) development program derived from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's experience with automated transportation systems. The objectives of the project are to: (1) reduce the cost, complexity and weight, and increase the life, reliability, maintainability, ride quality, and switching capability of VLACS systems; (2) develop specific performance requirements and guidelines for lateral control and switching systems for SLT, GRT, and PRT vehicles in trained and untrained configurations; (3) develop and evaluate baseline VLACS hardware designs reflecting project objectives; (4) provide experimental data to demonstrate capability of VLACS system and subsystem designs to meet performance requirements including line speed switching; (5) provide a comprehensive analytical evaluation of contact (mechanical) and non-contact (wire-follower) lateral guidance approaches; and (6) perform an assessment of the positive retention capabilities of automatic switching systems. KW - Abstracts KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Control devices KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Lateral stability KW - Mechanical guides KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Steering KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Tires UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180660 AU - GILSINN, J F AU - Leyendecker, E L AU - Shier, D R AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THREE ALGORITHMS FOR USE IN AN AUTOMATED TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM (ATIS) PY - 1978/03 SP - 164 p. AB - This paper compares the performance of three algorithms for computing trip itineraries for use in an automated transit information system. One of the approaches (TIMEXD) is based on a time-expanded network. The other two both compute paths in a bipartite route/stop network; one algorithm (LABCOR) is based on the label-correcting approach and the other (LABSET) on the label-setting approach. The transit networks upon which the performance comparison is based are of two types: a grid network with specified, possibly non-uniform, distances between streets, and a spider web type of network. TIMEXD is fastest on all the larger networks, but it requires most computer storage and outputs paths with more transfers. LABCOR is the slowest, but is guaranteed to produce the best routing, since it always outputs an optimal path with fewest transfers. Computation time estimates extrapolated to large transit networks indicate times of 1.5 to 2.5 seconds per itinerary for TIMEXD and LABSET respectively, well within the acceptable range for such networks. KW - Algorithms KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routing KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00348804 AU - Goben, C A AU - Davarpanah, M AU - University of Missouri, Rolla AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EXCITATION OF SURFACE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ON RAILROAD RAIL PY - 1978/03 SP - 65 p. AB - UMTA's Office of Rail Technology research programs aim to improve urban rail transportation systems safety. This rail-transit research study attempts to develop an onboard, separate and independent obstacle-detection system--Surface Electromagnetic Wave (SEW)--so that rear-end train collisions can be avoided. The use of SEW for communication, control, and obstacle-detection on guided railroad systems is already underway in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, and Canada. SEW have been sucessfully used on the surface of standard railroad rail and other metallic surfaces. In this report, the preliminary investigation of the propagation properties of SEW on rail surfaces indicates that there exist applications in train-and-obstacle detection. The excitation efficiencies of two types of SEW couplers (prism and grating) are measured as functions of frequency, vertical displacement (h) of the coupler above the rail, horizontal displacement (a) of the coupler from rail center, pitch angle (Phi) of the couler, and yaw angle (Psi) of the coupler. The coupling efficiencies for both prism and grating couplers show a dependence on vertical displacement above the rail; horizontal displacement from rail center, pitch, roll, and yaw angles of the couplers. Measurements of radiation patterns are also made on the two types of SEW couplers in the vicinity of the rail and in isolation at several microwave frequencies. The results of radiation pattern data show that to meet the FCC specification of 500 uV/m at 100 ft from the coupler for 100 mW input, the couplers must be redesigned. The data indicate that both the prism coupler and grating coupler will operate successfully on a moving track-guided vehilce. KW - Crashes KW - Detecting devices KW - Detectors KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Electromagnetic waves KW - Hazards KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Prevention KW - Railroad transportation KW - Safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45700/45730/DOT-TSC-UMTA-76-19.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186168 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. SAFETY SEMINAR PROCEEDINGS. REPORT G PY - 1978/03 SP - 81 p. AB - This report is part of a series that assess the technology and development of Accelerating Moving Walkway Systems (AMWS). The system is a pedestrian assist device with the capability through changing treadway configuration to accelerate pedestrians to 4 to 5 times the normal entrance speeds after boarding, and to decelerate prior to discharge. On April 18, 1977, a seminar devoted to the discussion of the safety and human factors associated with the development and public use of AMWS was held at the New York World Trade Center. The attendance included representatives of the escalator and moving walk industry, AMWS developers, safety consultants, physically handicapped persons, and representatives of government agencies. The objective of the seminar was to provide a forum for discussion on the potential problems that might be associated with the use of AMWS technology based on its current state-of-the-art. The proceedings included a presentation of films and photographic slides providing illustrative design details of several systems under development; presentations by four consultants concerning AMWS safety; and workshops in which all attendees participated. The four systems considered for a public demonstration program are: Dunlop Speedaway; Trax; Applied Physics Laboratory; and the Boeing System. The meetings closed with the understanding that most of the raised problems can be solved, provided that sufficient efforts are devoted to their study. It was agreed that the proposed demonstration project would be a valuable asset to the development of an acceptable AMWS research program. Appendices 1 and 2 in this report are: The Conference Program and List of Conference Attendees, respectively. KW - Accelerating (Process) KW - Accelerating agents KW - Behavior KW - Conferences KW - Conveyors KW - Engineering KW - Human factors KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Sidewalks KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182023 AU - Soot, S AU - Sen, A AU - Pagitsas, E AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A MODAL SPLIT MODEL FOR HIGH DENSITY URBAN CORRIDORS PY - 1978/03 SP - 146 p. AB - The objective of the study was to develop a modal split model that would be relatively simple, require little lead time, use readily available data, and be sensitive to policy alternatives. The model is designed to contribute to the evaluation of such policy options as station closing, new route alternatives, addition of park and ride facilities, skip stop policies, and increasing capacity. This study produces modal split models specifically for high density urban corridors. In a two stage process splits are established between the automobile and public transportation, and then bus and rapid transit. The aggregate, trip interchange models are calibrated using weighted least squares, with modal disutility functions, service characteristics, and trip end densities as independent variables. The background for the modeling procedure is established by producing a multitude of computer generated maps displaying the modal split patterns and by graphing the socioeconomic correlates of modal split in the Chicago area. Special attention was given to a thorough application of the model to Howard Corridor with Chicago Transit Authority rail rapid transit service. The application estimated the effects of closing selected peak period reverse commuting platforms to expedite service. In the process the model was improved. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Estimates KW - Illinois KW - Maps KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passengers KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation models KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198722 AU - Transportation Management Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COORDINATION OF SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN WACO, TEXAS PY - 1978/03 SP - 273 p. AB - This study of special transportation services and their coordination in the city of Waco, Texas was conducted to: identify agencies involved in the provision of special transportation services, compile detailed information on each agency, analyze data for the purpose of determining whether there were overlapping or duplicative services and whether economies could be achieved through consolidation, and evaluate special transportation service alternatives and select the best one for the Waco area. The target population for special transportation services constituted the elderly, handicapped, and other transportation - disadvantaged citizens. Of 37 agencies initially contacted, 16 returned questionnaires. Information was provided by agency respondents on the scope of services, drivers, vehicles and maintenance, agency budget information, income sources, and agency opinions about various transportation services available in Waco. A demographic survey and an activity center survey were also conducted. Three alternatives were selected as viable for the Waco area: (1) maintaining the existing supply of special transportation services; (2) establishing a single special transportation system; and (3) forming a special transportation system as an integral part of the public transportation system. It is recommended that the third alternative be adopted by the city of Waco. More detailed recommendations in the areas of organizing, operating, and financing a coordinated special transportation system are offered. Survey materials, survey summaries, a description of the estimated ridership demand methodology, and agency data sheets for special transportation services are appended. KW - Aged KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Coordination KW - Data collection KW - Delivery service KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Governments KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Organization KW - Organizations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional planning KW - Service agencies KW - Service related organizations KW - Services KW - Social service KW - Special service KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation systems KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89261 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00310761 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EMPLOYMENT CENTER BUS SERVICE GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1978/03 SP - 24 p. AB - A unique aspect of the Employment Center Bus Service (ECBS) is its ability to schedule the minimum bus fleet necessary to match staggered work shifts with essentially all worker commuting distances in either a "satellite employment center", or a central business district. This brochure summarizes an earlier study and includes some recent developments. An effort to develop techniques for applying the ECBS concept to various urban areas, (based on information obtained from a cross-section of the nations' operators and major employers) is also described. The ECBS scheduling methodology is illustrated by applying it to three typical work shift/commuter distance scenarios: one bus-tow shifts, two buses-three shifts, and two buses-four shifts. ECBS is amenable to the inclusion of several other features that appeal to the auto-oriented traveller. The fares could be proportional to trip length and competitive with auto operating costs. The ECBS is amenable to several fare payment plans that are convenient for the passengers and economical to implement and operate. The paper examines the urban transit void filled by ECBS and the benefits of the service. Guidelines on implementation are also provided. KW - Automobile travel KW - Benefits KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Employment KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Implementation KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered work hours KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00196421 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHOPPING DISTRICT TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1978/03 SP - 60 p. AB - The central portion of Bergen County, New Jersey, is unique in that it contains one of the highest concentrations of suburban retail commercial activity in the nation. To develop a recommended public transportation program for the shopping centers, a five step work program was performed. The first step involved a description of the existing transportation setting. This work element involved a review of previous studies as well as an extensive data collection effort including the conduct of numerous surveys and field observations. The next step was the development of service standards to assess the adequacy of existing transit services. These yardsticks were then used to pinpoint deficiencies in existing intermall transit services. The third study step was the formulation of several alternative transit plans and an examination of these schemes on the basis of oprating performance and other relevant criteria. As a result of the prior task, a recommended plan was identified in sufficient detail to assure its implementation. The last step involved the preparation of a report describing not only the study findings and conclusions, but also the data collection and analysis technques. The subsequent chapters of this report represent the performance of this last study effort. /Author/ KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Shopper transportation KW - Shopping centers KW - Shopping trips KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88080 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198144 AU - Applied Resource Integration Limited AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation TI - BROOME COUNTY / TOWN OF OWEGO RURAL - URBAN TRANSPORTATION / HUMAN SERVICES STUDY PY - 1978/03 SP - 184 p. AB - The results of a 10 - month study of the potential for rural transit development and coordination of human service agency transportation in Broome County and the town of Owego, New York, are presented. Existing conditions in the study area are described, as well as the planned rural transit system design. Consideration is given to alternative rural transit systems, the recommended transit system design, the 5 - year development program for the area, the management approach, the implementation plan, the marketing plan, and human service agency coordination. The recommended rural transit system is a demand - response service with a 24 - hour advance notice requirement. This service will operate from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through Friday. Coordinated transfers between the rural transit system and the Broome Transit System will be available in downtown Binghamton. The basic fare for the recommended system is $0.25 per trip. It is also recommended that one free transfer to the Broome Transit System be allowed for each trip into the urban area and that a discount ticket program be initiated. The proposed management structure for the rural transit system includes the Broome County structure which is already operational and a transportation commission for the town of Owego. Data on financial projections and the cost structure are provided. Coordination and consolidation are the two key concepts recommended to facilitate implementation in the study area. Five coordination and consolidation elements are identified: information and referral coordination, volunteer driver coordination, an operations clearinghouse, centralized dispatching, and consolidation. KW - Agency role KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Communities KW - Consolidations KW - Consumers KW - Coordination KW - Delivery service KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Government agencies KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Methodology KW - Organization KW - Outreach KW - Public relations KW - Rural areas KW - Service agencies KW - Services KW - Social service KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176291 AU - Braun, E AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION OF BART VEHICLES PY - 1978/03 SP - 24 p. AB - A fire hazard evaluation of the subway cars used on the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District was performed. After analyzing the cars' interior and exterior design, five recommendations were made that, if implemented, would improve passenger safety by decreasing the probability of developing a hazardous fire situation. Among these recommendations were the upgrading of current upholstered urethane seat assemblies and the need for the development of a fire detection system appropriate for rapid rail transit vehicles. Those system improvements would not only provide passengers a safer traveling environment but would also provide a modest level of protection for the heavy investment in rail vehicles. KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Fire causes KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire hazards KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Hazards KW - Materials KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Polymers KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Recommendations KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Seats KW - Urban transportation KW - Urethane KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190212 AU - MacPherson, H H AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign TI - SETTLEMENTS AROUND TUNNELS IN SOIL: THREE CASE HISTORIES PY - 1978/03 SP - 144 p. AB - This report presents the results of three case histories of field observations of settlements around tunnels in soil. Two of the cases are twin, 20-ft (6-m) diameter, single-track tunnels for the Washington, D.C. Metro System: Section F2a, F Route, is a steel segment lined tunnel in interbedded sands and gravels and clays, typical of downtown Washington; (2) Section G1, with an expanded rib and lagging lining, is in transition from these deposits to a hard, fissured clay. The third case is a 9-ft (3-m) diameter sewer tunnel with an expanded rib and lagging lining driven in dewatered, dense sands at Rockford, Illinois. Detailed measurements of subsurface settlements at points 3 to 6 ft (1 to 2m) above the tunnel crowns are used to determine sources and magnitudes of lost ground. Where the tunnel face was controlled to prevent large losses, ground losses due to overcutting and plowing of the shield were about one-half of the total estimated ground loss; incomplete filling of the tail void was the next biggest source of loss. Ground surface settlement data, including widths, slopes, and volumes of the surface settlement troughs are reported for several cross-sections on each tunnel and for points along the tunnel centerlines. The volume of surface settlement was less than the volume of ground loss because the disturbance of tunneling caused a net volume expansion in the dense granular materials. The relationship between ground loss and surface settlement volume, as shown by sand bin model test data is also reported. A procedure for estimating ground loss and surface settlement in advance of tunneling is suggested. /UMTA/ KW - Case studies KW - Control KW - Ground settlement KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Sewers KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Studies KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Volume KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191338 AU - STRAINS, S R AU - Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED VOLUME I. INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS PY - 1978/03 SP - 88 p. AB - In August 1976, the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (the Metropolitan Planning Organization) began a process to develop a plan which would meet the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped persons in Lake and Porter Counties. The First Phase of the planning process was an inventory of existing transportation (Volume I), and a survey of user needs (Volume II). This report, Volume I of II Volumes, describes the First Phase of the planning process, namely, the transportation situation of the mobility-limited people in Northwest Indiana; it also documents the first planning phase--data gathering and analysis, committee organization, alternative evaluation, and initial recommendation. There are 46 agencies providing some transportation to the elderly and handicapped people, ranging from medical patient reimbursement to special Dial-A-Ride vans to regular bus and train service at reduced rates. The results of a survey of users of the services reveal that half (32,500) of the 65,000 elderly and handicapped in the two counties need better transportation or have none at all. KW - Aged KW - Counties KW - Indiana KW - Inventory KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191026 AU - STRAINS, S R AU - Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. VOLUME II. USER SURVEY RESULTS PY - 1978/03 SP - 161 p. AB - In August 1976 the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (the Metropolitan Planning Organization) began a process to develop a plan which would meet the transportation needs of mobility-limited people in Lake and Porter Counties. The first phase of the planning process was an inventory of existing transportation (Volume I), and a survey of user needs (Volume II). The number of elderly and handicapped in Lake and Porter Counties is 65,019, the base population for this survey. This report, Volume II, contains tables of numbers documenting in detail the results of a survey distributed to 3,117 people, of which 1,000 were returned. Results are presented in two ways: some tables simply describe questionnaire results, and others present cross-tabulations to many questions. Information is displayed in numerical and literary terms. KW - Aged KW - City planning KW - Counties KW - Data collection KW - Indiana KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186871 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAN FRANCISCO MUNI TRANSPORTATION PLANNING OPERATIONS AND MARKETING STUDY PY - 1978/03 SP - 35 p. AB - The report provides an overview of extensive inventories and evaluations of Municipal Railway (MUNI) services, and principal features of a recommended short-term improvement plan and program. The main thrust of the recommendations is aimed at more efficient use of existing public transportation resources. Recommendations include comprehensive modifications of MUNI routes and headways; a transit priority street program to facilitate transit vehicle movement on congested streets; an extension of the J streetcar line to improve operating efficiency; site plans and design criteria for a new bus maintenance facility needed to reduce operating costs; a set of basic goals, standards and criteria for MUNI service; and various management actions which would improve the quality of service. The work described represents only the first of several phases of a complete planning, operations and marketing program. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white) KW - Buses KW - California KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Electric railroads KW - Headways KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rolling stock KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - San Francisco Municipal Railway KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Street railroads KW - Streetcars KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186167 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Perilla, O AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. MARKET ATTRIBUTES, APPLICATIONS, BENEFITS, REPORT D PY - 1978/03 SP - 82 p. AB - This report is part of a series that assesses the technology and development of Accelerating Moving Walkway Systems (AMWS). The system is a pedestrian assist device with the capability through changing treadway configuration to accelerate pedestrians to 4 to 5 times the normal entrance speeds after boarding, and to decelerate prior to discharge. This report attempts to show how AMWS offers the prospects of improving average pedestrian speeds and trip times and reduces human energy expenditure. This would effectively extend the pedestrian range and provide for increased urban development constrained by the limits of acceptable walking distance. Pedestrian movement within cities is not always convenient, vehicular transportation does not function well on congested urban streets, vehicles pollute and are energy intensive, and the central city is in need of improvement in its quality of life. Effective human scale horizontal movement systems are seen as an important means of fulfilling many of these objectives. Potential applications include feeders to transit; substitutes for AGT, bus, or rail; airport movement systems; urban land use integrators; and vehicle free zone support systems. Benefits include improved transit connections, pedestrian safety, reduced pollution and energy use, and improvements in urban life. KW - Accelerating (Process) KW - Accelerating agents KW - Behavior KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Conveyors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Market research KW - Markets KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety engineering KW - Sidewalks KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190052 AU - STRAINS, S R AU - Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED VOLUME I--INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS PY - 1978/03 SP - p. 88 AB - In August 1976, the Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (the Metropolitan Planning Organization) began a process to develop a plan which would meet the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped persons in Lake and Porter Counties. The First Phase of the planning process was an inventory of existing transportation (Volume I), and a survey of user needs (Volume II). This report, Volume I of II volumes, describes the First Phase of the planning process, namely, the transportation situation of the mobility-limited people in Northwest Indiana; it also documents the first planning phase---data gathering and analysis, committee organization, alternative evaluation, and initial recommendation. There are 46 agencies providing some transportation to the elderly and handicapped people, ranging from medical patient reimbursement to special Dial-A-Ride vans to regular bus and train service at reduced rates. The results of a survey of users of the services reveal that half (32,500) of the 65,000 elderly and handicapped in the two counties need better transportation or have none at all. Problems include having to rely on other drivers, the cost of transportation, and the lack of public transportation. The Technical Advisory Committee/Task Force assessed the situation and recommended the establishment of a Transportation Support Center to coordinate the present fragmented system of providers. The establishment of the Support Center will be a part of the Second Phase of the planning beginning January 1978. Numerous charts/tables herein depict the planning process, Task Force structure, elderly and handicapped population, types of transportation, Section 5 status, and Section 16 (b) (2) Grants awarded. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Closed cycle engine KW - Data collection KW - Engine cycle KW - Inventory KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190215 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates TI - SAN FRANCISCO MUNI TRANSPORTATION PLANNING OPERATIONS AND MARKETING STUDY PY - 1978/03 SP - 35 p. AB - MUNI has embarked upon a massive revitalization program, including the acquisition of new rolling stock and the rehabilitation of its support facilities. The main objective of the MUNI Transportation Planning Operations and Marketing (POM) study was to develop a five-year transit improvement program for MUNI based upon an analysis of existing transit demands and service capability. Additionally, the study was undertaken to provide information needed to plan more detailed investigations relating to transit priority street programs, maintenance facilities, and the street railway system. This document is a summary of a report by Wilbur Smith and Associates, on a detailed two-year study of MUNI transit service improvements needs. It provides an overview of inventories and evaluation of MUNI services, and main features of a recommended short-term improvement plan and program. The main thrust of the recommendations is aimed at more efficient use of existing public transportation resources. Recommendations include comprehensive modifications of MUNI routes and headways; a transit priority street program to facilitate transit vehicle movement on congested streets; an extension of the J streetcar line to improve operating efficiency; site plans and design criteria for a new bus maintenance facility needed to reduce operating costs; a set of basic goals, standards and criteria for MUNI service; and various management actions which would improve the quality of service. The work described herein represents only the first of several phases of a complete planning, operations, and marketing program. The recommendations aim to provide the framework for a continuing process of plan refinement and implementation. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Market research KW - Routing KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trolley cars KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184576 AU - Soot, S AU - Sen, A K AU - University of Illinois, Chicago TI - ELEMENTARY ANALYSIS-MANUAL METHODS TRIP DISTRIBUTION MODELING PY - 1978/03 SP - 22 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to examine and report on the potentials of simplifying the activity of trip distribution modeling. The method suggested is elementary analysis, which is a systematic procedure for extracting column and row effects from a matrix of data, which yield a residual matrix. Requisite for the method is an O-D matrix, which is first transformed to logarithms before column and row averages are subtracted, resulting in a residuals matrix. The same operation is performed on a matrix of distances among the zones analyzed above, yielding a distance residuals matrix. These two residuals are graphed to determine the friction term of the gravity model. This friction factor, computed for a sample from a suburban circumferential corridor was applied to another sample from the same corridor. Using the gravity model, with the pull and push factors of the zones estimated with the friction factor, the origin-destination matrix is estimated. In this paper, this method is applied to sample work trip data in the Chicago area to demonstrate how the distance effect (friction factor) is extracted and the method is then applied to another data set as an empirical test. The method is considered to be a useful trip distribution modeling and forecasting technique whenever the study is relatively small and quick results are desired. /UMTA/ KW - Analysis KW - Beltways KW - Forecasting KW - Friction factor KW - Gravity models KW - Logarithms KW - Mathematical models KW - Origin and destination KW - Suburbs KW - Trip distribution UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186157 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Zeigen, M AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS SAFETY AND HUMAN FACTORS-REPORT C PY - 1978/03 SP - 116 p. AB - An Accelerating Moving Walkway System (AMWS) is a pedestrian assist device having the capability through changing treadway configuration to accelerate pedestrians to 4 to 5 times normal moving way system speeds after boarding and to decelerate prior to discharge. Conventional moving way systems, escalators and moving walks, enjoy wide public acceptability and rank as one of the safest transportation modes in terms of numbers of passengers carried. Accelerating moving walkways will introduce several new operating characteristics which may influence accident experience. Depending on the system, treadway surfaces will expand and contract or change relative position, and handrails will expand and contract or be used in series at varying speeds. Based on the report studies which include an overview of transportation safety, identification and evaluation of possible AMWS hazards, an analysis of moving way accident experience on conventional escalators, the reports of Project safety consultants and the proceedings of a Project Safety Seminar, there appears to be no apriori reason why an AMWS cannot be operated in a public demonstration mode at acceptable levels of safety. This assumes that a basic safety program is followed addressing human factors and equipment design, equipment operation and maintenance, instruction of passengers in correct use, and that the demonstration environment is appropriate and controls are maintained to assure proper system use. KW - Access roads KW - Behavior KW - Conveyors KW - Guardrails KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - Safety KW - Sidewalks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176305 AU - Stevens, R D AU - Nicarico, T J AU - McGean, T J AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 2: WEATHER PROTECTION REVIEW PY - 1978/03 SP - 146 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the AGT Guideway and Station Technology Project. The objective of the project is to develop guideway, station, and weather protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems. Only the review portion of the weather protection area is addressed in this report. The concept development, analysis, and testing portions are the subject of a separate volume. This report presents a review of the experiences of AGT systems under severe winter weather conditions as well as a review of the experiences of non-AGT transportation modes (railroads, airports, and highways). The review material herein is a result of a literature search and interviews with personnel at operating AGT systems and manufacturers. This report focuses on bottom-supported, rubber-tired vehicle AGT systems (the only type of AGT system currently operating in a winter environment). Specifically, this means that the survey of existing AGT weather-related operating experiences focuses on the Ford Fairlane system, the Boeing Morgantown system, the Westinghouse test tracks, the Vought Airtrans system, and the Bendix Metropolitan Toronto Zoo system. Three areas of winter weather impact on AGT systems are presented: traction, power collection, and switching. Conclusions derived from this review and recommended areas for further investigation for AGT application are described. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Cold weather KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Deicing KW - Ground vehicles KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Ice KW - Mechanical guides KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operations KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Snow KW - Snow removal KW - Structural design KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377177 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR OBTAINING FIXED ROUTE BUS OPERATING DATA REQUIRED UNDER SECTION 15 REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1978/02/22 SP - n.p. AB - This report contains step-by-step procedures to enable fixed-route transit operators to develop annual estimates of "unlinked trips", "passenger miles", and "average time per unlinked trip" -- three data elements required under the Section 15 program. Use of the recommended techniques will yield sample data at the required levels of precision and accuracy. Several alternative sampling techniques are proposed; operators are encouraged to select the technique that best fits their data collection needs and capabilities. Guidelines are provided for determining appropriate sample size and frequency, collecting data, recording and accumulating survey results, and reporting the data to UMTA. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Fixed routes KW - Passenger miles KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Requirement KW - Sampling KW - Specifications KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 15 KW - Unlinked trips KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305778 AU - Ziegler, E W AU - Markowski, M AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1978/02/01 SP - n.p. AB - Computer Dial-A-Ride is a system of computer programs that automates the operation of a personalized transportation service; a service that provides on request a shared-ride from any location within a community to another. Since 1975 this computer system has been tested and operational in Rochester, New York with guidance and project management provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering. The system consists of a real-time program that controls all aspects of scheduling and dispatching the transportation service and various support programs used for file maintenance and statistical analyses...Software Description: The program is written in the FORTRAN programming language for implementation on a IBM computer using the TOPS-10 operating system. 650K bytes of core storage are required to operate the model. KW - Address KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Design KW - Dispatching KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Level of service KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Manuals KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Ridesharing KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Software KW - Streets KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197368 AU - RAE, J W AU - Grob, M A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRENDS IN CALIFORNIA TRANSIT LABOR CONTRACT SETTLEMENTS PY - 1978/02 SP - 53 p. AB - The report documents transit operator wage rate increases in California between 1970 and 1976 in comparison to the consumers price index (CPI) increases. It concludes that operator wage rates in California follow national trends and are increasing faster than CPI. It documents the findings resulting from a literature review pertaining to the transit labor contract settlement process, trends in transit wage rates, and possible government roles in the process. Details of these findings and references to the author's publications are included. KW - Bargaining KW - California KW - Contracts KW - Government policies KW - Labor market KW - Labor negotiations KW - Labor relations KW - Management KW - Negotiated contracts KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Salaries KW - Salary administration KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184579 AU - Johnston, A R AU - Peng, TKC AU - Vivian, H C AU - Wang, P K AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory TI - AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC VEHICLE (AMTV) TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY STUDY PY - 1978/02 SP - 126 p. AB - This report discusses technology and safety related to the implementation of an Automated Mixed Traffic Vehicle (AMTV) System. An AMTV system is one which follows a buried cable and is used in areas that require low-speed vehicles. The purpose of this study is to review the technology used in an AMTV system, to identify areas where further development is required or desirable, and to conduct a safety analysis on an AMTV system. The results are intended as a guide for further efforts in AMTV system design and technology for both near and long-term applications. The systems discussed include a low-speed system and a hybrid system which can operate at the low speed and at a higher speed within a protected right-of-way. The low-speed system is a candidate for a near-term demonstration and can be used in pedestrian malls, large campuses, and recreational parks. The hybrid system may have application, after further development, on urban streets, in airports, or in situations where longer distances may be involved. The report describes a comprehensive safety analysis which was conducted to examine potential hazards caused by hardware failure and by events unrelated to hardware failure. Corrective and preventive actions in terms of modification or operational procedures are suggested. The major findings are that development using current technology will make it possible to demostrate a low-speed AMTV system in 2 to 5 years. With a prudent, fail-safe design, and appropriate right-of-way protection, the system can operate safely in an environment containing pedestians. /UMTA/ KW - Airports KW - Automated mixed traffic vehicle system KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Cables KW - Campuses KW - Parks KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Reviews KW - Safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00183699 AU - Cooper, T AU - Crain and Associates TI - COMMUNITY BROKERAGE OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY IN MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA SN - UM827/R8712 PY - 1978/02 SP - 110 p. AB - This document reports on a unique way of providing transportation and transportation-related services (e.g., information and scheduling) to elderly and handicapped individuals in a small geographic area. In the Mountain View Community Broker project, a community broker furnished his clients with individualized primary service information and scheduling assistance. He also drove these clients to their destinations in a 12-passenger van. The project was intended to demonstrate the economic and operational feasibility of combining these functions in one role. The report describes the community broker concept and project operations; assesses the economic feasibility of the idea; discusses the project's impact on the target group; and provides some commentary on ways a community-broker type of project could be integrated into the existing network of social services for the handicapped and elderly. /Author/ KW - Aged KW - Communities KW - Economics KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/76587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199049 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SYNCHRONOUS PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT RAILCARS - ADVANCED SUBSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1978/02 SP - 632 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Electric automobiles KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Maintainability KW - Motors KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199051 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SYNCHRONOUS PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT RAILCARS - ADVANCED SUBSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME II: DETAILED TECHNICAL DISCUSSION PY - 1978/02 SP - 421 p. AB - Development of the Self-Synchronous Propulsion System was conducted under the Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASDP), which is a part of the Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems (URRV&S) Program sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The Self-Synchronous Propulsion System was one of the advanced subsystems that had been identified during the Advanced Concept Train (ACT) proposal evaluation as showing outstanding merit, and was planned to be developed for evaluation by the Transit Authorities. The objective of the overall ASDP was to develop advanced subsystems suitable for application in existing or future transit cars. This report, Volume II, discusses the program technical effort, program scope, objectives, and background; summarizes the design and testing efforts and problem areas; contains conclusions and recommendations; discusses system functional characteristics, train performance characteristics, major component design, interfaces, and product assurance; covers developmental, major component and system level testing; contains a description of the changes made during system testing; discusses the status of the final configuration; and addresses unresolved problems. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brakes KW - Computer programming KW - Electric automobiles KW - Electric controllers KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Experimental design KW - Maintainability KW - Motors KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199050 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SYNCHRONOUS PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT RAILCARS - ADVANCED SUBSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME I: PROGRAM SYNOPSIS PY - 1978/02 SP - 82 p. AB - The objective of the overall Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASDP) was to develop advanced subsystems suitable for application in existing or future transit cars. This report, Volume I, summarizes the content of Volume II, and follows essentially the same outline. Volume II discusses the program technical effort, program scope, objectives, and background; summarizes the design and testing efforts and problem areas; contains conclusions and recommendations; discusses system functional characteristics, train performance characteristics, major component design, interfaces, and product assurance; covers developmental, major component and system level testing; contains a description of the changes made during system testing; discusses the status of the final configuration; and addresses unresolved problems. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brakes KW - Computer programming KW - Electric automobiles KW - Electric controllers KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Experimental design KW - Maintainability KW - Motors KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199052 AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SYNCHRONOUS PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT RAILCARS - ADVANCED SUBSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME III: APPENDIXES PY - 1978/02 SP - 129 p. AB - The objective of the overall Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASDP) was to develop advanced subsystems suitable for application in existing or future transit cars. This report, Volume III, contains appendix material which was considered either too bulky or too detailed to incorporate into Volume II. Appendixes A through G in Volume III are: Train Control Electronics (TCE) Flow Diagrams; Train Performance Analysis Computer Program; List of Drawings and Specifications; Diagnostics Unit RAM Memory Code Identification; Diagnostics Unit Subroutine Flow Diagrams; Motor Power Supply System, U.S. Patent No. 3,866,094; and Mapham Inverter and Analytic Model Description, respectively. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brakes KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Electric automobiles KW - Electric controllers KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric vehicles KW - Experimental design KW - Maintainability KW - Motors KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Train operations KW - Train performance KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178814 AU - Brandon, C AU - Harvard University TI - PARATRANSIT LABOR ISSUES SN - MA-06-0054 PY - 1978/02 SP - 82 p. AB - All paratransit services are labor intensive, second only to conventional taxis among transportation modes. As such, the manner in which the service is provided, the role of the labor force, and, in particular, the compensation afforded to drivers, have significant impact on the cost of system operation. This report looks into paratransit labor costs as they relate to type of service, union affiliation, management strategies, and characteristics of the system location. Labor costs are analyzed in terms of wage scales, benefits, incentive payments, work rules, scheduling practices, and job definitions. The Transit labor costs are analyzed separately from paratransit labor costs, and the relationship between the two is explored. Interwoven into this discussion of paratransit labor costs is a study of the cost impact of Section 13(c) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act. (This statute protects the employment conditions of transit employees against any adverse effects that may arise out of Federal transit assistance.) This report concludes that real growth in paratransit over the coming years could effect the establishment of dual union wage standards for paratransit and conventional operators. Although the future of paratransit in small rural communities appears secure, the uncertainty and the high labor costs found in the larger cities make its future there more tentative. Greater cooperation is recommended between all levels of government, transit managers, and transit labor unions to further the development of paratransit labor standards and of integrated paratransit services. /UMTA/ KW - Labor costs KW - Labor law KW - Labor unions KW - Location KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71025 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180801 AU - Watt, C W AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SERVICE AVAILABILITY WORKSHOP PY - 1978/02 SP - 392 p. AB - The workshop consisted of four panel sessions: Service Availability Definitions; Operator Experience in Operational Systems; Theoretical Aspects of AGT Service Availability; and User-Manufacturer Relationships. The workshop presented a wide spectrum of informed opinion on how to specify, predict, design, and measure the effectiveness of automated guideway transit systems. The document contains the papers and remarks presented at the four panel sessions, the comments made during the question and answer period that followed, and a list of attendees. The discussions illustrated the wide spectrum of meanings currently given to the term 'service availability.' The positions taken by representatives of the various portions of the transit industry--properties, designers, researchers, and manufacturers--showed the variety of ways in which system performance is specified and evaluated today, and the reasons for such a variety. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Industries KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Meetings KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger service KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195580 AU - RAE, J W AU - Grob, M A AU - California Department of Transportation TI - TRENDS IN CALIFORNIA TRANSIT LABOR CONTRACT SETTLEMENTS PY - 1978/02 SP - 52 p. AB - This report reviews trends in transit labor contract settlements nationwide and documents transit operator wage rate increases in California between 1970 and 1976 in comparison to the consumers price index (CPI) increases. It concludes that operator wage rates in California follow national trends and are increasing faster than CPI. It documents the findings resulting from a literature review pertaining to the transit labor contract settlement process, trends in transit wage rates, and possible government roles in the process. Details of these findings and references to the author's publications are included in the Annotated Bibliography in Appendix D. The report recommends that all involved parties should note the serious upward trend in transit wage rate increases in relation to the CPI and the implication this has on future public financial assistance. It further recommends that the California Department of Transportation should continue its present limited monitoring role until there is a clearer legislative mandate for active labor contract settlement process. /UMTA/ KW - Consumer Price Index KW - Contracts KW - Cost indexes KW - Government intervention KW - Increase KW - Inflation KW - Labor costs KW - Labor unions KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Public transit KW - Regulation KW - Salaries UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197438 AU - McNeal, C AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT CAR PERFORMANCE COMPARISON STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR VS. PATCO TRANSIT CAR, NYCTA R-46, MBTA SILVERBIRDS PY - 1978/02 SP - 112 p. AB - The first phase of this contract authorized the design, development, and demonstration of two State-Of-The-Art Cars (SOAC). This document reports on the gathering of comparative test data on existing in-service transit cars. The three transit cars selected for testing were the PATCO transit car, the NYCTA R-46 transit car, and the MBTA Silverbird transit car. These cars were instrumented and then run in simulated revenue service while data was gathered. The results of these tests are reported in this document in a comparative format with the SOAC data recorded at each of the properties. The SOAC was found to be superior to all three of these existing transit cars in the area of noise reduction. The SOAC ride quality is better than the R-46 and the Silverbird, but not as good as the PATCO transit car. The SOAC propulsion system was inefficient while operating on the New York and Boston route structures, and only marginally better than the PATCO transit car in Philadelphia. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Energy consumption KW - Instrumentation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Structural design KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88621 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176541 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ABSTRACTS FOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PROJECTS PY - 1978/02 SP - 263 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to provide a listing of abstracts of published report for research projects supported by UMTA's University Research and Training Grant Program. The reports abstracted in this document are divided into 30 subject categories. Categories are arranged alphabetically. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190993 AU - Lee, R B AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW OF LOCAL ALTERNATIVES ANALYSES INVOLVING AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT (AGT) PY - 1978/02 SP - 101 p. AB - The UMTA Office of Technology Development and Deployment is studying the attributes of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vis-a-vis conventional urban transportation alternatives in order to determine whether a need for AGT systems exists within U.S. urban areas. The objectives were to define the locally perceived role of AGT, to determine the impediments to its adoption, and to identify needed improvements to current and future generations of AGT systems. This effort involved a review of 12 existing case studies; inquiries of 99 local officials and others in 46 cities, and interviews with 27 officials and others in six cities. Summaries and analysis of the responses are presented in this report. The findings of the report include: (1) Most of the critical issues in the transportation decision-making process are not AGT-specific. They include costs (capital and O and M), overhead structures, Federal and local funding, technical risk, and public and political support. (2) There is a wide variation in perceptions of the role of AGT, impediments to its adoption, and needed improvements. (3) Major problem areas are of a non-technical nature. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - City planning KW - Decision making KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180348 AU - Buckner, S L AU - Ohio Kentucky Indiana Regional Council of Governments TI - RAILROAD CROSSINGS BLOCKAGES IN ELMWOOD PLACE PY - 1978/02 SP - 80 p. AB - This report delineates the problems in Elmwood Place resulting from trains blocking seven railroad/street crossings on the ConRail line, which traverses the entire length of the village. The report also presents recommendations for resolving the described problems and a funding strategy for implementing the optimal recommendation. KW - Chessie System KW - Conrail KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Grade crossing separations KW - Justification KW - Line relocation KW - Lines of track KW - Ohio KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Safety KW - Trackage rights KW - Traffic crashes KW - Traffic density KW - Urban areas KW - Urban railroad relocation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305781 AU - Harper, S H AU - ADP Network Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE STREET NAME FILE BUILDING SYSTEM. VOLUME 3 PY - 1978/01 SP - 87 p. AB - This document addresses the street name file system that the real-time program uses for translating addresses to a set of coordinates and zone. The major portion of the data necessary to build the street name files originates with the Census Dime Files. Addresses may be in the form of house number and street name, store names, mall names, intersections, etc. This document supplies user documentation and a functional description of the software provided for building the various files that comprise the street name file system. Detailed information for executing each of the steps of the building process is given in addition to message descriptions, input data file descriptions and sample values, and a description of the structure of each of the files created. A detailed functional description is given of the major data bases and the procedures included in the software. KW - Computer programming KW - Guidelines KW - Intersections KW - Level of service KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Services KW - Streets KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305782 AU - Harper, S H AU - Hughes-Caley, L AU - ADP Network Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE SOFTWARE DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION. VOLUME 4 PY - 1978/01 SP - 486 p. AB - This document consists of the following three reports: A Software Design and Functional Description of Dial-A-Ride; Dial-A-Ride Input Parameter Files; and Building, Maintaining, and Listing the Advance Customer File. The first report introduces and briefly discusses the hardware and software comprising the Dial-A-Ride system and the general capabilities of the real-time program. An in-depth functional description is given for each subsystem of the real-time program. The Dial-A-Ride Input Parameter Files report gives a detailed description of the real-time program's parameter files' contents and structure and gives suggested input values suitable for initial program testing purposes. The remaining report included in this document discusses the file structure and the programs that create and maintain the Advance Customer file. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guidelines KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305780 AU - Harper, S H AU - Hughes-Caley, L AU - ADP Network Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE OPERATORS HANDBOOK AND REFERENCE MANUAL. VOLUME 2 PY - 1978/01 SP - 350 p. AB - This document is a complete guide to operating the real-time Dial-A-Ride program. All commands and system messages are described in detail. KW - Computer programming KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Level of service KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305779 AU - Harper, S H AU - Hughes-Caley, L AU - ADP Network Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE. VOLUME 1 PY - 1978/01 SP - 65 p. AB - Computer Dial-A-Ride is a software system designed to automate scheduling and dispatching of vehicles. The system consists of a real-time program that controls all aspects of operating the transportation service and various support programs used for file maintenance and statistical analyses. An understanding of the operation of the software is the key to its successful installation. Section IV details the process of unpacking and installing the software system. The software is not self-installing, and it is not a 'turn-key' system; it will require technical support in its installation and operation. The purpose of the document is to assist systems programmers in the installation of the Computer Dial-A-Ride Package. The functions, composition, and form of the package are described and the activities and operations related to the installation of the software at a user site are defined. The software is most suitable for installation on a 36-bit or greater (e.g., a 48-bit) computer. Installation on 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit computers requires modifications to the software system. KW - Computer programming KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guidelines KW - Installation KW - Level of service KW - Programming manuals KW - Real time control KW - Real time operation KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00190926 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEPTEMBER 1977 NATIONAL CONFERENCE PY - 1978/01 SP - 167p AB - The document contains the proceedings of the conference, namely the addresses, the issue and resource papers, and summaries of the problems and recommendations developed in workshop sessions. Subject papers include: Trends in Transit Performance; Concepts and Indicators; Revenue Policy and Pricing; Service Characteristics; Labor-Management Relations; Internal Management; Transit Performance Indicators; Case Studies of New York City, Southern California Rapid Transit District, and Seattle Metro; and Effects of Fare Changes. This report also contains an annotated bibliography and lists of conferees, members of the planning group, and technical advisors. U1 - Proceedings of the First National Conference on Transit PerformancePublic Technology, American Public Transit Association, Urban Mass Transportation AdministrationNorfolk, VA StartDate:19770918 EndDate:19770921 Sponsors:Public Technology, American Public Transit Association, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - California KW - Financing KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Meetings KW - New York (State) KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86072 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190971 AU - Albach, W C AU - HALL, V W AU - Koonce, B L AU - Preston, O H AU - Payne, J N AU - Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport Board AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. PHASE I. FINAL DESIGN REPORT PY - 1978/01 SP - 289 p. AB - AIRTRANS is an Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) System which provides inter-terminal transit service for passengers at the Dallas/Ft. Worth Airport. The successful deployment of this system has prompted the investigation of the extension of AGT technology into the urban environment to relieve the congestion and pollution caused by increasing auto and bus transit. Phase I of the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program (AUTP) covers the activities of the Vought Corporation, which tested the system for operation in an urban application. Independent assessments were made to determine what changes would be required, which were: (1) higher operating speeds; (2) better passenger acceptance; (3) reduced capital and operating costs; (4) increased reliability; (5) better all-weather capability; and (6) increased energy efficiency. The AUTP was structured into a two-phase program. Phase I was completed in 1977, and includes the development and demonstration of the subsystem improvements necessary for higher speed operations, while maintaining or improving reliability, availability, cost, and performance characteristics of the overall AIRTRANS system. This consisted of baseline tests with the test vehicle at speeds of 17 and 30 mph using the existing AIRTRANS propulsion, collector, steering, and control and communications systems. After a thorough analysis of the data from these tests, design changes were incorporated and new components were acquired or fabricated. This equipment was installed on the vehicle and guideway testing was again conducted. The overall conclusion reached in Phase I is that the existing AIRTRANS AGT system can be improved to make it a viable transit system for urban deployments. The basic design, with improvements expected from AUTP Phase II will provide for the successful deployment of urban AIRTRANS systems. KW - Airport access KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Communication devices KW - Control devices KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electrical equipment KW - Guideways KW - Intra airport transit KW - Propulsion KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305544 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTHWEST INDIANA TRANSIT SYSTEM PROGRAM. PHASE II REPORT: PLAN DEVELOPMENT PY - 1978/01 SP - 58 p. AB - Phase II of the study of the Northwest Indiana Transit System program shows the development and evaluation of alternative transit service concepts. Based on local and regional transit goals and objectives, specific criteria to be used in the formal evaluation process were identified. A wide range of alternative service concepts that would meet the existing and unfilled demand for public transportation in the region were tested. The most promising of these were then developed in sufficient detail for evaluation and public review. Based on the results of the formal evaluation and comments received during the public review, a recommended program--incorporating the best components of the various alternatives and appropriate for the estimated funding available--was then selected. The Phase II report serves as the technical basis for the detailing of the recommended Program in Phase III. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Amtrak KW - Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad KW - Commuter service KW - Evaluation KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Level of service KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176013 AU - Birkmyer, J AU - Bechtel, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - RAPID TRANSIT SUBWAYS-GUIDELINES FOR ENGINEERING NEW INSTALLATIONS FOR REDUCED MAINTENANCE PY - 1978/01 SP - 119 p. AB - Economic design of new subways requires optimization of installation and maintenance costs of all the major constituent items. A prerequisite for this is an awareness of the rigorous environmental and other conditions imposed on the subway. Changing ground pressures crack structures, and this results in water seepages that deteriorate both the structure and the installed items. Durable watertight structures are obtained by using appropriate structural systems, material specifications, construction details, and waterproofing systems. Cathodic protection provides an economic protection against corrosion of metallic items in aggressive soil conditions. Ventilation and pump structures should be planned for ease of access and maintenance. Vents flush with street or sidewalk increase the dirt load and maintenance; above-surface alternatives should be evaluated. Escalators are high total cost items and operate under especially arduous conditions. Maintenance costs are reduced by using heavy duty components, adequate monitoring systems, and by designing the housing and machine room to permit ready maintenance and inspection. Automatic lubrication or sealed bearings also reduce maintenance. Elevators, ventilation equipment, and pumps and their housings should be engineered and specified to maximize durability of component and minimize maintenance on a similar basis to escalators. Passenger elevators should be planned to also move maintenance equipment and materials. Satisfactory architectural finishes should be selected for durability and ease of cleaning as well as for appearance. Stations should be planned for adequate monitoring of all spaces and for good illumination to reduce vandalism and to enhance public safety. Effective maintenance depends on ready accesses and provisions for movement of equipment and materials in the various sections of the subway. Station entrances, the portals, and ventilation and pump shafts should be designed accordingly. Guidelines and justification of good design practice for these and related subjects are presented. KW - Cathodic protection KW - Corrosion protection KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Structural design KW - Subway design KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308073 AU - Harper, S H AU - Hughes-Caley, L AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER DIAL-A-RIDE: COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENTATION (TAPE); VOLUME 1: SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE; VOLUME 2: OPERATORS HANDBOOK AND REFERENCE MANUAL; VOLUME 3: STREET NAME FILE BUILDING SYSTEM; VOLUME 4: SOFTWARE DESIGN AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; VOLUME 5: TERMINAL HANDLING SYSTEM. PY - 1978/01 SP - v.p. AB - Computer Dial-A-Ride (DAR), a demand-responsive transit system, is a system of computer programs that automates the operation of a personalized transportation service--a service that provides on request a shared-ride from any location within a community to another. DAR is a research and development program sponsored by UMTA, performed by ADP Network Services, and in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The intended users of DAR are researchers, private or public agencies, transit operators, and other interested persons. The project was instituted in February 1972 in Haddonfield, New Jersey. Since 1975 this computer system (referenced on this tape) has been tested and operational in Rochester, New York, with guidance and project management from MIT, Department of Civil Engineering. The software was developed from the experience gained in the Haddonfield demonstration. The system consists of a real-time program that controls all aspects of operating the transportation service and various support programs used for file maintenance and statistical analyses. The Computer Dial-A-Ride program also consists of five separate volumes (UMTA-DC-06-0141-77-1 through UMTA-DC-06-0141-77-5), respectively: computer Dial-A-Ride Software Installation Guide; Computer Dial-A-Ride Operators Handbook and Reference Manual; Computer Dial-A-Ride Street Name File Building System; Computer Dial-A-Ride Software Design and Functional Description; and Computer Dial-A-Ride Terminal Handling System. (UMTA) KW - Computers KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Development KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Guides KW - Guides to information KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Ridesharing KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145486 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189341 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1978/01 SP - 167 p. AB - The first National Conference on Transit Performance was held in Norfolk, Virginia, September 18-21, 1977. This Conference reflects a major effort aimed at clarifying the issues to transit performance and developing recommendations for actions which could be taken to improve transit performance. Two hundred persons broadly representative of local government, transit management and labor, city and regional planning organizations, educational institutions, transportation consulting firms, and State and Federal agencies met in Norfolk to exchange ideas on transit performance. This document contains the proceedings of the conference, namely: the addresses, the issue and resource papers, and summaries of the problems and recommendations developed in workshop sessions. Subject papers include: Trends in Transit Performance; Concepts and Indicators; Revenue Policy and Pricing; Service Characteristics; Labor-Management Relations; Internal Management; Transit Performance Indicators; Case Studies of New York City, Southern California Rapid Transit District, and Seattle Metro; and Effects of Fare Changes. This report also contains an annotated bibliography and lists of conferees, members of the planning group, and technical advisors. /UMTA/ KW - Conferences KW - Fares KW - Performance KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191034 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYZING TRANSIT OPTIONS FOR SMALL URBAN COMMUNITIES. VOLUME 1, TRANSIT SERVICE OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS; VOLUME 2, ANALYSIS METHODS; VOLUME 3, SUMMARY OF MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS EXPERIENCE PY - 1978/01 SP - 432p-in 3v AB - The information and analytical techniques contained in this manual are presented in three volumes. Volume 1 describes the structure, content and applicability of the manual. A general approach to analyzing transit options in small urban communities is described. Volume 2 is the fifth chapter of the manual and describes an evaluation approach with detailed techniques used to estimate the patronage, cost and revenue implications of a transit service operation. Volume 3 contains the final two chapters of the manual which describe the activities of a transit operation, explore the relations between these activities, identify arguments for and against local control and provide numerous data and statistics that characterize the financial and operating performance of existing conventional transit and paratransit services in small urban communities. KW - Buses KW - Paratransit services KW - Small cities KW - Transit options UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56326/analyzingtransi0690unse_2.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56327/analyzingtransi0690unse_3.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56328/analyzingtransi0690unse_4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184587 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated TI - TRANSIT BUS PROPULSION SYSTEMS PROPULSION REQUIREMENTS PY - 1978/01 SP - 72 p. AB - The objective of this report is to furnish a rational basis and numerical procedure for assessing the power plant requirements of TRANSBUS, an advanced technology 40-foot urban transit motor coach. In this report power requirements for propulsion and accessory service of TRANSBUS are evaluated. Performance goals and specifications for TRANSBUS are reviewed, and those that influence the power requirements are identified. A range of vehicular and operational factors appropriate to the transit coach is considered. Using these factors, a likely model is assumed and its power requirements computed. The assumed parameters are varied within a reasonable range of values. These charts may be used to refine the power estimate as more complete data become available for selected vehicle components. Sensitivity of power requirements to each of the significant factors is analyzed in a series of charts. Typical power requirements on representative operating profile segments are also presented. The charts provide a frame of reference for the evaluation of the TRANSBUS prototype vehicle performance and for the consideration of alternative and advanced power plants. This report concludes that the estimated minimum power requirements for the standard specification TRANSBUS is 264 horsepower. This is compatible with the industry standard V-8 engine. /UMTA/ KW - Buses KW - Electric power plants KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Horsepower KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public service vehicles KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178801 AU - Faddick, R R AU - Martin, J W AU - Colorado School of Mines TI - THE TRANSPORTATIONS OF TUNNEL MUCK BY PIPELINE SN - MA-06-0025 PY - 1978/01 SP - 178 p. AB - The view reflected herein is that if the advancement of the technology of muck removal does not keep pace with advances in tunneling machine technology, muck removal can become the limiting constraint on the forward movement of the tunnel face, and hence on the growth of tunneling. The objective of this study is to advance the technology of tunnel excavation by increasing the rate of muck removal from the tunnel face. The highlights in this report are on muck haulage systems by pipeline, and the emphasis is on investigating better techniques and technology, rather than costs. This report updates muck quantities and to some extent muck quality (in terms of its hardness and geology). Crushing equipment is examined as it extensible conveyor belt equipment. A survey of extensible equipment is made to aid in suggesting approaches for their application in tunnels to pipeline much haulage. Recent headloss data for coarse slurries are presented for the hydraulic muck haulage system. Consideration is given to a jet pump eductor for feeding a centrifugal pump from a mixing tank. A more compact and less expensive dewatering system is also analyzed. Appendixes A through D provide background material for the systems and concepts herein and include: Penumatic Pipeline Systems, CONOCO-CONSOL System, Dewatering Equipment, and Coal Hoisting in the U.K. A previous and related study, "Pneumatic-Hydraulic Material Transport System for the Rapid Excavation of Tunnels" (DOT-TSC-75-17), suggested a transportation system for muck haulage with a pneumatic pipeline or a slurry pipeline. /UMTA/ KW - Conveyors KW - Crushing KW - Dewatering KW - Equipment KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Hydraulic machinery KW - Mucking KW - Nozzles KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic systems KW - Slurries KW - Slurry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176258 AU - Faddick, R R AU - Martin, J W AU - Colorado School of Mines AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TRANSPORTATION OF TUNNEL MUCK BY PIPELINE PY - 1978/01 SP - 174 p. AB - The view reflected herein is that if the advancement of the technology of muck removal does not keep pace with advances in tunneling machine technology, muck removal can become the limiting constraint on the forward movement of the tunnel face, and hence on the growth of tunneling. The objective of this study is to advance the technology of tunnel excavation by increasing the rate of muck removal from the tunnel face. The highlights in this report are on muck haulage systems by pipeline, and the emphasis is on investigating better techniques and technology, rather than costs. This report updates muck quantities and to some extent muck quality (in terms of its hardness and geology). Crushing equipment is examined as is extensible conveyor belt equipment. A survey of extensible equipment is made to aid in suggesting approaches for their application in tunnels to pipeline muck haulage. Recent headloss data for coarse slurries are presented for the hydraulic muck haulage system. Consideration is given to a jet pump eductor for feeding a centrifugal pump from a mixing tank. A more compact and less expensive dewatering system is also analyzed. Appendixes A through D provide background material for the systems and concepts herein and include: Pneumatic Pipeline Systems, CONOCO-CONSOL System, Dewatering Equipment, and Coal Hoisting in the U.K. A previous and related study, 'Pneumatic-Hydraulic Material Transport System for the Rapid Excavation of Tunnels' (DOT-TSC-75-17), suggested a transportation system for muck haulage with a pneumatic pipeline or a slurry pipeline. KW - Belt conveyors KW - Dewatering KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Materials management KW - Muck tunneling KW - Mucking KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Teachers KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Wet pumps UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101831 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Rail rapid transit extension to Chicago O'Hare Airport : environmental impact statement PY - 1978///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101830 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Chicago-Franklin line rail rapid transit project : environmental impact statement PY - 1978///Volumes held: Draft, Revised draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01101829 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Dade County metro rail transit : environmental impact statement PY - 1978///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/861790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070628 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Orange Line relocation and arterial street construction, southeast corridor project, South Cove to Forest Hills, Boston : environmental impact statement PY - 1978///Volumes held: Draft, Final(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070627 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Metrobus garage facility construction, Montgomery County : environmental impact statement PY - 1978///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462798 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS PROPULSION SYSTEMS, PROPULSION REQUIREMENTS PY - 1978 SP - 69 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Buses KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274298 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00950609 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Technical Information Service TI - 4TH U.S.-GERMAN URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKSHOP: LOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO, CAMBRIDGE, APRIL 15-25, 1978 = 4. DEUTSCH- AMERIKANISCHES SEMINAR STADTVERKEHR, LOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO, CAMBRIDGE 15-25 APRIL 1978.. PY - 1978 AB - No abstract provided. U1 - U.S.-GERMAN URBAN TRANSPORTATION WORKSHOPLOS ANGELES, SAN FRANCISCO, CHICAGO, CAMBRIDGE) .. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Germany KW - United States KW - Urban transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601952 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197511 AU - Bi-State Development Agency AU - Dalton, Dalton, Little, Newport AU - Urban Behavioral Research Associate, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXISTING SERVICES IMPACT STUDY PY - 1978 SP - 519p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/90798 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00644051 AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. PROCEEDINGS OF THIRD DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER WORKSHOP PY - 1978 SP - 398p AB - The third and last in a series of workshops co-sponsored by the West Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation was held in Morgantown, West Virginia. The workshops were intended as a medium for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge. They also provided a unique opportunity for agencies, industry, consultants, and both local and state officials to gain first hand knowledge from experience gained in designing, constructing, and operating high technology systems. This workshop addressed the area of "Systems Operation and Maintenance" with emphasis on such areas as Control Room Operation, Test Track, Maintenance - Scheduled vs Unscheduled, Reliability Trends, Organization and Management Trends, Communication and Computers, and System Safety, ending with a panel discussion on Turn-Key Concepts. U1 - Third Downtown People Mover Workshop: System Operation and MaintenanceWest Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration)Lakeview Inn and Country Club, Morgantown, WV 2650 StartDate:19781108 EndDate:19781110 Sponsors:West Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration) KW - Administration KW - Communication KW - Communications management KW - Information dissemination KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - People movers KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Schedules KW - Systems management KW - Turnkey systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00644049 AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL. PROCEEDINGS OF FIRST DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER WORKSHOP PY - 1978 SP - 134p AB - The first in a series of workshops co-sponsored by the West Virginia University and the U.S. Department of Transportation was held in Morgantown, West Virginia in March 1978. The workshops are intended as a medium for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge, to provide an opportunity for agencies, industry, consultants, and both local and state officials to gain first-hand knowledge from experience gained in designing, constructing, and operating high technology systems. This Downtown People Mover (DPM) Workshop addressed the areas of project management and control with emphasis placed on identifying the potential problems that may be encountered during the design and implementation phases of DPM system development. Highlights of the first workshop included presentations covering experience with project management on the Washington DC METRO, the Dallas-Fort Worth AirTrans, and the Morgantown PRT. U1 - Downtown People Mover Workshop: Project Management and ControlWest Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration)Lakeview Inn and Country Club, Morgantown, WV 2650 StartDate:19780430 EndDate:19780502 Sponsors:West Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration) KW - Implementation KW - Information dissemination KW - People movers KW - Project management KW - System design KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389127 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00644050 AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - VEHICLE DESIGN. PROCEEDINGS OF SECOND DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER WORKSHOP PY - 1978 SP - 289p AB - The second in a series of three workshops, sponsored by the West Virginia University and U. S. Department of Transportation, was held in Morgantown, West Virginia in July 1978. The workshops are intended as a medium for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge, and they provide an opportunity for agencies, industry, consultants, and both local and state officials to gain first-hand knowledge from experience gained in designing, constructing, and operating high technology systems. The second workshop addressed areas of vehicle design with emphasis placecd on vehicle requirements, testing, winterization, and guarantee of system dependability. Presentations were given from a wide range of experts on these areas. U1 - Second Downtown People Mover Workshop: Vehicle DesignWest Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration)Lakeview Inn and Country Club, Morgantown, WV 2650 StartDate:19780727 EndDate:19780728 Sponsors:West Virginia University and U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (now: Federal Transit Administration) KW - People movers KW - Reliability KW - Systems reliability KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle tests KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winterization KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/389128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198024 AU - National Committee on Tunneling Technology AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Science Foundation TI - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BETTER MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. EXECUTIVE PRESENTATION PY - 1978 SP - 31 p. AB - This report identifies procedures and practices in major underground construction projects and recommends improved procedures that will ensure more efficient and economic execution of these projects. It is the continuation of a previous study by the subcommittee on Contracting Practices of the U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology which noted that many of the problems encountered in the contracting and construction phases of underground projects result from actions taken in development, pre-design, and design phases. A hypothetical model of a major urban underground transportation construction project is described in detail. One of the most important causes of management is delayed decisive action. Thirty-nine most critical elements of a project are listed. Steps leading to completion and operation of the project are outlined. Recommended objectives and specific recommendations to support each objective are presented in the concluding section. The report is intended for use by government organizations, professional associations, and industry concerned with underground construction. KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Cost control KW - Cost engineering KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88936 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193471 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gamble, Hays B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PATTERNING CITIES AND CHANGE: CHOICES AND IMPLICATIONS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - p 38 AB - The growing ascendency of multicentered or nodal cities--urban centers within the metro region--is an unmistakable trend. Urban transportation planning should take this pattern into account and not attempt to return cities to their 19th century mold. However, it will still be for planners to decrease dependence on the private automobile by encouraging people to live, work, and shop in a given subregion and by improving mass transit facilities between satellite urban centers. U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Intercity transportation KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86153 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193467 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Downey, Mortimer L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL LAND POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AFFECTING TRANSPORTATION: SESSION 1 PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 25-28 AB - The relationship between transportation and urban development is central. The revival of cities as places to live as well as to work does not mean that the abandonment of the suburbs is imminent or even desirable. Instead, it means pursuing an equalization of city and suburb as residential, social, and economic centers. The present Administration seeks to revitalize central cities, to equalize cities and suburbs as residential environments and as economic centers, and to conserve energy. To take advantage of benefits that transit can provide in these areas, preference will be given to cities that accent public transit as an expression of coordinated transportation and land development planning and action. Transportation priorities will change from highway construction to maintenance and to making the best use possible of existing facilities. The process of developing policy is as important in staying abreast of trends as the policy and its resulting programs. Reform of current programs is necessary in making more effective tools to reach policy objectives. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Business districts KW - Central business districts KW - Inner cities KW - Land use planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Residential areas KW - Strategic planning KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86149 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193463 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Webber, Melvin M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TECHNICS AND ETHICS IN TRANSPORT DECISIONS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 20-22 AB - Long-term trends rather than shifts in fashion or fad should be sought in developing principles for research and policy. The demonstrations of the 1960s led to some new concerns for personal liberties and for the needs of our multiple-minority society. The demonstrations prompted unusual roles for citizens in transportation and in other matters that had been considered technical and the province of specialists. Engineers' or economists' concerns for efficiency yielded to public concerns for equity. There is also a trend toward a high level of accessibility throughout metropolitan areas. Since virtually every place in the metropolitan area is connected to every other place, the influence of a new fixed-route transit system does not affect location decisions very much. However, high accessibility in metropolitan areas is not available to those who do not have automobiles; other systems are needed for these people. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accessibility KW - Decision making KW - Decisions KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Ethics KW - Minorities KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86145 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193459 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Edgar, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE POLICY PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 4-7 AB - This paper discusses an agenda essential to the achievement of a national urban policy and a national transportation policy, efforts that are "the moral equivalent of the space program." The agenda consists of four items: to talk to elected officials, i.e., to inform and guide them; to learn what is happening, for example, in bills affecting transportation; to develop an urban policy that gives adequate consideration to transportation modes and how they relate to population density; and to work on an urban policy and a transportation policy that have interdisciplinary dimensions, i.e., that recognize economics, energy, housing, land use, taxes, and sewer and water policies as they relate to a comprehensive urban policy that includes transportation. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Housings KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Planning KW - Population KW - Sewers KW - Taxation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Water resources KW - Water supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86141 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193460 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jensen, Harold S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND LAND USE: A DEVELOPER'S PERSPECTIVE PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 7-11 AB - Transit and land use impacts have had a questionable linkage. Public transportation does not work automatically as a tool to assist and enhance the viability of a city. Transit can be a very special economic development tool that cannot stand by itself but that, if coordinated with other leverage mechanisms and if tuned to the strengths of the city, can be instrumental in the rebirth of central cities. Cooperative detailed planning before the route and mode are set and a created capacity to carry out these developments through a public and private partnership are needed. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Development KW - Inner cities KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86142 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193466 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davidoff, Paul AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EFFECTS OF QUESTIONS OF EQUITY, EFFICIENCY, AND REVITALIZATION OF CITIES ON TRANSPORTATION POLICIES PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 24-25 AB - A critical problem for society is the social injustice that maintains poverty and racism. There is no decent solution possible to the urban problem so long as poverty and racism exist. These issues must be tackled. They are the basis of a sound urban policy of which transportation is an essential part. Since mobility is one of the fundamental rights in our society, transportation plans should be checked to see whether some people have been neglected or have been deprived of this right. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Race KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86148 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193458 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hand, Irving AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT. CONFERENCE FINDINGS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 2-3 AB - The findings summarized here represent points of emphasis, considerations that served as threads linking several sessions and informal conversations, and observations useful in judging needed actions and in assessing impacts. Among recurring themes were those related to conserving energy, improving the environment and the quality of life, and revitalizing cities. Although several speakers referred to the role of transportation in the economic and social revival of downtown areas, there was a wide recognition that development does not necessarily accompany transportation improvement alone. Since most urban places are already connected with other places, at least by automobiles, improvements in transit may have little effect on development nearby. For economic development and urban revitalization to accompany improvements in transportation, several speakers emphasized that transportation and other key ingredients such as housing must be tied together in an integrated, coordinated program realized through a public and private partnership. The city as the "new frontier" and the issues of efficiency and equity emerged as top candidates for priority attention. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Conferences KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Housings KW - Inner cities KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86140 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193465 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - 49 p. AB - The proceedings reported here are the record of the Conference on Transportation and Land Development and its consideration of the meeting's central theme--strategic transportation investments to achieve urban and regional development objectives. Transportation policies and programs must be examined to ensure that they achieve such purposes as revitalizing inner cities, encouraging energy efficient development, improving the environment and quality of life and facilitating mobility for disadvantaged people. U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy KW - Inner cities KW - Investments KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Mobility KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86147 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193472 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Harmon, Robert J AU - Khasnabis, Snehamay AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VALUE CAPTURE AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT: FAD OR FUTURE PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - p 39 AB - The discussion cited three studies currently under way on joint development: one on the joint development and value capture potentials at 49 transit stations at 14 US cities, one on the theoretical and empirical aspects of joint development, and one on the joint development potentials of five stations on the proposed Detroit transit system. A number of new areas for future research were identified including: joint development in smaller suburban communities, coordinating funding for joint development, and identifying optimal station locations. U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Coordination KW - Fund allocations KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Joint development KW - Location KW - Suburbs KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86154 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193461 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pikarsky, Milton AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION IN AN ENERGY EFFICIENT SOCIETY PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 11-16 AB - Most people are aware of the close relationship between land use and transportation. However, little is known of how to apply this conceptual knowledge in achieving the goal of a mobile and energy efficient region and nation. Despite the research studies and publicity to the contrary, transit can be an energy saver; energy savings can be an argument for transit. The comparison should not be made simply between a bus and a van pool or between a streetcar and a heavy-rail vehicle but between transit-oriented environments and automobile-oriented environments. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automobile travel KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86143 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193462 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hammer, Philip AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS AND INVESTMENTS TO DEAL WITH CRITICAL NEEDS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 16-20 AB - Revitalization of the inner city--or perhaps of the older city--is the most critical economic need that faces us today. We are not going to solve that problem by dreaming up some program and imposing it from the top. Rather, we need programs that will respond to and will encourage local initiative; the stimulus for improving the economy must come from the bottom. What is needed is flexible joint development. While the money may come from the top, work with local government and with private investors in realizing whatever potentials may exist at local levels is also necessary. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Inner cities KW - Investments KW - Joint development KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86144 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193476 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tomazinis, Anthony R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, PROGRAMS, AND PRIORITIES: QUESTIONS OF EQUITY, EFFICIENCY, AND REVITALIZATION OF CITIES PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 41-43 AB - Among the issues addressed in the discussion are: the existance of a pluralistic society precluding discovering which of several courses of action is the "right" one (since each alternative will affect different segments of the population differently); revising the definition of efficiency so that land-related impacts (positive and negative) be included in calculation of costs and benefit; and the need for planners to examine whether by their actions some individuals have been deprived of their constitutional rights) especially regarding travel and mobility. U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Community values KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Legal factors KW - Mobility KW - Social values KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308148 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1978 SP - 221 p. AB - This annual directory contains descriptions of current research, development and demonstration projects sponsored and funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in the fiscal year 1978. The projects are grouped into four sections. Section one on technology development and deployment, lists projects on bus and paratransit vehicle and operational technology, rail and construction technology, new systems and automation, automated guideway transit applications, safety and product qualification and socio-economic research and special projects. Section two on service and methods demonstrations includes projects on transportation services for special user groups, fare and pricing policies, conventional transit service innovations, and paratransit. The section (3) on transportation planning and management focuses on projects relating to planning methods and support, special planning studies, and transportation management. The last section (4) is on policy development and research. This section includes policy and program development projects and university and training grant program projects. The funding for major program areas is tabulated, and funding and other important information about UMTA projects are summarized in charts. Dates are listed to indicate when the project was approved and the expected completion. Other federal agencies which support and complement UMTA are also listed. Information for potential contractors and grantees on participation in UMTA R&D programs, the submission of proposals, proposal evaluation and university research grants are covered in an appendix. KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Fares KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Fund allocations KW - Innovation KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Special service KW - Training KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56447/innovationinpubl00unse_8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00194155 AU - National Academy of Engineering AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Science Foundation TI - BETTER MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS PY - 1978 SP - 151 p. AB - The object of this study was to recommend actions that result in public underground projects that are completed on schedule, and at reasonable cost, and operate to design. To this end, a hypothetical model of a major urban underground transportation construction project called the Key City Model was developed by a subcommittee of the National Committee on Tunnelling Technology. From this model, the subcommittee derived a list of primary elements-social, political, physical, and technical-that could conceivably be faced in building an urban rapid transit system which might have a bearing on management. A questionnaire containing these elements was sent to 105 people experienced in underground construction who were asked to rank them. Using the survey results, the subcommittee ranked the elements and then sent out another survey asking for recommendations. As a result this survey and the comments made at a workshop attended by people involved in underground construction, the recommendations presented here were formulated. KW - Construction management KW - Cost control KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Physical condition KW - Politics KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Questionnaires KW - Social factors KW - Surveys KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Underground KW - Underground structures KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/83576 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193468 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDowell, Bruce D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL LAND POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AFFECTING TRANSPORTATION: SESSION 2 PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 28-33 AB - This paper examines two assertions and two questions. The assertions are that (a) land use and transportation are inseparably linked and (b) the federal government affects land use in several ways. The questions are (a) Should the federal government's effects on land use be more coherent? and (b) Can the federal government's effects on land use be more coherent? The federal government affects land use through ownership and management of land, location of federal employment and contractors, federal-aid and planning requirements, and unplanned activities. There can be more coherence in the way the federal government affects land use, but this is likely to come incrementally and with difficulty. The current controversy about relative levels of aid to the sun belt and to the frost belt illustrates the complications inherent in directing transportation policy toward objectives other than those immediately affecting transportation. One area is growing faster than another, which is evidence of national policy working in a geographic region (the South and Southeast) that needed help. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Employment KW - Federal aid KW - Federal government KW - Land KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Ownership KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86150 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193470 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Engelen, Rodney E AU - Sutermeister, Oscar AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USING TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS AND INVESTMENTS TO DEAL WITH CRITICAL NEEDS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - p 37 AB - Decison making and management at local levels, at the level of the central city, and within metropolitan areas must be strengthened, if either economic or energy objectives are to be achieved. Thus, if we are identifying opportunities and trying to implement projects at the local level, effective planning and decision making at the local level are necessary. Furthermore, the federal government needs to make a determined effort to clarify and rationalize decision making at that level if progress is to be made. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Decision making KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - I beams KW - Inner cities KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86152 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193464 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rafsky, William AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION POLICIES PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 22-24 AB - The narrow definition of efficiency of the past, based on aggregated total regional minimizations of travel time, is not really a very efficient way of distributing public funds or implementing public policy. In calculations of efficiency, land variables must be included. It is imperative that a land-related impact (positive or negative) be included in calculations of cost and benefits; if this is done, a large portion of the equity question may be answered. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fund allocations KW - Impacts KW - Land use KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86146 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193477 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mandelker, Daniel R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS OF SELECTED TOPICS FROM THE TRANSPORTATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - p 44 AB - The speakers focused on topics that mirrored changing priorities in transportation and land use policies as they affect governmental responsibilities at each government level. Stress was placed on emerging initiatives in the present administration for a new national policy on urban growth and development at the same time that priorities in public programs are either changing or under stress. Note was taken, for example, of a popular vote in one major eastern city that favored job stimulation over environmental regulation, while another panelist stressed that our national concern with growth problems and growth management has not allowed us to concentrate sufficiently on the problems of declining areas. Transportation programs were seen to provide new initiatives in community building and land development, at the same time that national and state agencies were unsure of themselves in responding to these initiatives. An example was the opportunity to create multicentered suburban activity centers that is provided by newly planned radial mass transportation systems. State governments and regional agencies were also seen to face an uncertain future as the roles allotted to them in national planning and related programs remain unclear. One panelist indicated that the role of state planning and development agencies remains unclear in an administration that apparently intends to place greater stress on regional solutions to urban problems. At the same time, regional transportation planning agencies were seen to be struggling with their new planning mandates, and some urged a review of experience to date under unified transportation planning programs. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Development KW - Economic development KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Radial travel KW - Real estate development KW - Regional transportation KW - State government KW - Strategic planning KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86158 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193469 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Creighton, Roger L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: DETAILED STUDIES, UNIFYING CONTROLS, AND PERFORMANCE MONITORING PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 34-36 AB - Statewide transportation planning involves at least five freight modes, four passenger modes, four levels of jurisdictions and hundreds of individual jurisdictions, private carriers, and many agencies dealing with land use, economy, social welfare, and environment. To help state departments of transportation maintain control over diverse planning studies, an approach is offered involving detailed studies, maintenance of unifying controls (e.g., demand estimates and environmental reports), and performance monitoring (e.g., recognizing key objectives such as safety, energy consumption, and costs). This approach recognizes the inevitability of detailed studies, the need to control and monitor studies, and the need to implement the approach with only minor organizational changes. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance KW - Regional transportation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86151 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193474 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Howes, Jonathan B AU - Moore, Vincent AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SHORT-RANGE, POLITICALLY ACCEPTABLE PLANNING VERSUS LONG-RANGE, OVERVIEW PLANNING PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 39-40 AB - The consensus among participants in this group was that its title presented a needless dichotomy, that there was a need to do long-range planning in a realistic political context. Politically responsive planning should be done in a long-range planning context. Both are necessary, and they should not be incompatible. It was observed that there is some evidence of an attitude antithetical to long-range planning in the U.S. Department of Transportation, particularly in the Federal Highway Administration. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Force KW - Long term forces KW - Politics KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193478 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Widner, Ralph AU - Lathrop, George T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NATIONAL LAND POLICIES AND PROGRAMS AFFECTING TRANSPORTATION: GROUP DISCUSSIONS PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 44-45 AB - This group discussion summary includes comments on several relevant activities in the U.S. Department of Transportation including city revitalization (particularly in central cities), equalization of the city and the suburb as residential environments and as economic centers, and energy conservation. U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Inner cities KW - Residential areas KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00193475 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goodman, William I AU - Floyd, Charles F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TO ACHIEVE MULTIMODAL MULTIJURISDICTIONAL, AND MULTIFACETED TRANSPORTATION OBJECTIVES PY - 1978 IS - 183 SP - pp 40-41 AB - There are two widely separated institutional views of state transportation planning. One maintains that federal agencies are imposing increasing and burdensome personnel costs on state DOTs (adding annually some 8 to 10 percent in personnel requirements through the addition of regulations, guidelines, and documentation and through courtroom appearances and resulting court interpretations). Another is based on the feeling of federal officials that the states are unwilling or unable to accept the enlarged concepts and objectives that are critical to current and future transportation planning; that they are, in effect, still building the Interstate highway system in the post-Interstate era. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation and Land DevelopmentUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationChicago,Illinois,United States StartDate:19771110 EndDate:19771112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Costs KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Guidelines KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Regional transportation KW - Regulations KW - State government KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/86156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186085 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 1400p-in 9 AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186107 AU - Yen, A M AU - Henderson, C AU - Sakasita, M AU - Roddin, M AU - Cronin, R AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE AUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLED TRANSPORTATION (ACT) SYSTEM AT FAIRLANE TOWN CENTER PY - 1977/12 SP - 120 p. AB - This report contains the interim findings of an assessment of the Automatically Controlled Transportation (ACT) System for passenger transport in the Fairlane Town Center at Dearborn, Michigan. SRI International conducted the assessment as part of a program sponsored by UMTA, and is under contract to assess the systems at Sea-Tac International Airport, Fairlane Town Center, Tampa International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, Walt Disney World, and King's Dominion Amusement Park. The purpose of the site reports is to provide a uniformly documented presentation of AGT installations for UMTA's AGT Socio-Economic Research Program, and to gain an in-depth understanding of existing domestic and foreign AGT systems. The overall objectives are to: (1) obtain factual engineering and operational data; (2) obtain descriptive economic, system performance, and user perception data; and (3) review the design, development, and implementation process. The findings are intended to establish the state of the art of AGT systems for ultimate use in planning, evaluating, producing, and deploying. This report addresses the approach used in the Fairlane assessment; the engineering systems description; operation, maintenance and reliability, and passenger-oriented system performance; systems economics; and the development history. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Command and control systems KW - Command guidance KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Human factors engineering KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Michigan KW - Passenger transportation KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175502 AU - Anagnostopoulos, G AU - Wlodyka, R A AU - Mitropoulis, I A AU - Putukian, J AU - Kangas, R D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIONAL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS - JETRAIL PY - 1977/12 SP - 276 p. AB - The report is an assessment and evaluation of the Braniff International Airlines Jetrail system located at Love Field in Dallas, Texas, the first operational completely automated, demand-responsive, group rapid, intra-airport transportation system. It connects a parking lot at the entrance to Love Field and the Braniff terminal with three-quarters of a mile of double-lane mono-rail and has ten suspended vehicles, a maintenance facility, and three stations. The system was intended to retain passengers in the face of increased congestion at Love Field. Jetrail operated successfully from April 1970 to January 1974, at which time Braniff moved to the new Dallas-Ft. Worth Regional Airport. Over six million passengers were carried 1.3 million miles during this period without a fatality or major mishap. The system did this in spite of the engineering novelty and early, low reliability of the propulsion and control system. The Jetrail system continues to be used as an engineering test-bed for a prototype linear induction motor propulsion system. This latter system, Astroglide, is being developed by PRT Systems Inc. Since the motor has no moving parts, it is more simple than the rotary motor and drive train of the Jetrail system. This report provides information on the Jetrail operational experience and the Astroglide prototype for transportation planners, designers, developers, and operators of AGT systems for intra-airport, urban, recreational, and freight applications. KW - Advanced systems KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Dallas (Texas) KW - Dallas Love Field KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Elevated guideways KW - Evaluation KW - Induction motors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intra airport transit KW - Linear systems KW - Monorail transportation KW - Parking KW - Passenger transportation KW - People movers KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Texas KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186851 AU - Olson, C L AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDEPENDENT STUDY OF PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT, AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PY - 1977/12 SP - 365 p. AB - The objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Technology Program are to: (1) develop estimates of the cost, service, reliability, safety and performance of AGT systems in representative urban deployments; (2) generate performance specifications for future AGT engineering development programs; (3) synthesize guideline standards for AGT systems to include safety and reliability; and (4) identify critical technology shortcomings that currently impede the implementation of viable AGT systems and develop the required technology. A portion of the Program consists of independent studies in specific areas by organizations that have expertise in those areas. This report summarizes the findings of an independent study in the area of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) and was conducted by the Aerospace Corporation. This study consists of four Tasks which are presented separately. Existing hardware and software technology is reviewed for applicability to implementation of future U.S. PRT systems. The systems reviewed include Aerospace, Aramis, Cabtrack, Cabintaxi, and the Computer-Controlled Vehicle system. Environmental and energy impacts of PRT are estimated and compared with alternate forms of AGT and conventional urban transportation modes. A general methodology for establishing the feasibility of PRT in an urban area is defined and applied to the Los Angeles Basin for demonstration purposes. Areas where research and development are required to make a future PRT system deployment feasible are described, and an approach to fulfill the noted technology shortcomings is provided. The study concludes that further developments are required of the PRT full-scale systems and in most of the critical subsystem areas as well. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programming KW - Design KW - Development KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy requirements KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Land use KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Mechanical guides KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety engineering KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186093 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. TECHNICAL APPENDIX: PROVIDENCE AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 207 p. AB - The report presents technical analysis, data and supplementary information developed in the preparation of the Providence auto restricted zone (ARZ) demonstration plan. Several existing urban design factors are critical to assess the potential for an ARZ in Providence: pedestrian environment; connections between downtown districts; quality of transit environment; historical quality and development potential; quality of economic environment; and management of public spaces. These issues are discussed in the text and the urban design proposals address these as problems that the ARZ should help resolve. The city built a shopping mall, which was intended to compete with the increasing number of suburban shopping centers and to reestablish the downtown as the activity center of the city. However, while pedestrian volumes still remain high, several stores on the mall have closed. This trend suggests that the downtown may need solutions other than just pedestrianization. Several plans and developments that relate to the ARZ study have been proposed or are being prepared. The city has advanced proposals to expand the mall along with a major rehabilitation of its existing ARZ. This report addresses these proposals and the feasibility of creating a major expanded ARZ in the downtown. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Economic benefits KW - Highway traffic KW - Historic preservation KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Rhode Island KW - Shopping centers KW - Traffic control KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186086 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. VOLUME I. AUTO RESTRICTED ZONES: BACKGROUND AND FEASIBILITY PY - 1977/12 SP - 130 p. AB - The general goals of such zones are to preserve and enhance the attractiveness and vitality of urban centers, to improve environmental quality of urban areas, and to encourage increased utilization of non-auto modes of transport. The underlying characteristic of an auto restricted zone (ARZ) as discussed in this study is that of a district or zone distinguished by a higher degree of control over vehicular traffic than the surrounding area. The report discusses techniques for ARZ which have been identified and categorized as physical, operational, economic, and regulatory control measures. The investigation of existing experience with ARZ focuses on U.S. cities and on European cities where the concept is most advanced, such as in Copenhagen, Amsterdam and Vienna, and discusses its similarities and differences. The investigation indicated that there are substantial opportunities for ARZ in American cities. A number of key factors are identified for its successful implementation, such as urban activity patterns, urban design issues, transportation infrastructure, accessibility maintenance, ARZ size, transportation policy impacts, and institutional and legal factors. The report contains Appendix A: 'Bibliography' and Appendix B: 'Characteristics of Pedestrian Areas in European Cities'. KW - Austria KW - Automobiles KW - Beautification KW - Binders KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Control KW - Denmark KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Europe KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Legal factors KW - Mobility KW - Netherlands KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrians KW - Quality of life KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186089 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. VOLUME IV. SITE SELECTION METHODOLOGY PY - 1977/12 SP - 72 p. AB - Volume IV presents methodology followed in the selection of sites for auto restricted zones (ARZ) demonstrations. Of more than 75 applicants, five cities were selected for participation: Boston; Burlington; Memphis; Providence; and Tucson. The report includes the design of site specific programs to demonstrate this methodology in the five selected cities. The program was structured into seven major work elements which are outlined in the study. In the review process for each city, indicators of past performance, present commitment, future planning in institutional performance, transportation factors, and urban form and opportunities were examined. Six basic criteria were submitted to each city and are presented in this report. KW - Arizona KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Land use KW - Massachusetts KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrians KW - Rhode Island KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Tennessee KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Vermont KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186090 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. TECHNICAL APPENDIX: BOSTON AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 155 p. AB - The report examines a proposal for an auto restricted zone (ARZ) and revised circulation patterns in downtown Boston. In the City of Boston, the main problems can be summarized as congestion, conflict of pedestrian and traffic, and confusion, rather than a lack of basic vitality. This study seeks to remedy the current imbalance of pedestrian versus auto use, and to reduce the prevailing congestion in the older downtown. The objective is not to eliminate vehicles, but to promote a more appropriate balance in the use of public spaces, which would enhance the long-range economic future as well as the environment of the downtown area. The need to eliminate these problems, to create an appropriate environment for the existing or potential activities, and to improve connections among major activity areas are the basic factors for an Urban Design Plan. The goal for undertaking this proposed ARZ plan is to encourage the continued physical and economic revitalization of downtown Boston. KW - Beautification KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Congestion KW - Control KW - Design KW - Economic benefits KW - Highway traffic KW - Land use KW - Massachusetts KW - Parking facilities KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Pedestrians KW - Public land KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186092 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. TECHNICAL APPENDIX: MEMPHIS AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 184 p. AB - The report presents analysis, data and supplementary information developed in the preparation of the Memphis auto restricted zone (ARZ) Demonstration Plan. The general approach of the ARZ study has centered on the identification and development of opportunities existing in U.S. cities for a reorientation to transit and pedestrian travel. Much of that opportunity is defined by characteristics of the vehicular and pedestrian networks and the traffic that uses them. The circulation framework that is eventually developed as a principal element of the ARZ plan requires coordination in the reallocation of street space among transit riders, pedestrians, auto users, and goods movements. The approach taken in planning the circulation framework for the Memphis ARZ was somewhat different than that used in the other cities. Memphis had recently implemented a major change in its downtown circulation system by closing ten blocks and creating the Mid-America Mall. The Mall is active at midday during the week, but the evenings and weekends are quiet. Given the density, auto orientation, and customary use patterns of its citizens, the downtown is not likely to benefit from major street closings or changes in traffic patterns. However, selective and modest additions could extend the Mall to a larger district, provide better facilities for the now disadvantaged transit riders, and encourage development projects that could improve street environment and support conversion of now-vacant buildings. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Parking facilities KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Shopping centers KW - Tennessee KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186094 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. TECHNICAL APPENDIX: TUCSON AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 162 p. AB - The report examines a proposal for the preparation of an auto restricted zone (ARZ) in Tucson. In order to revitalize the downtown, the City plans include reinforcement of the public transit system, construction of a major private office building and a public library, studies for rehabilitation of in-town historic residential neighborhoods, and attempts to attract new residential development downtown. The revitalization has made considerable progress, but has not yet succeeded in the critical area of attracting people downtown or keeping workers there for other activities. The government center and the financial district are active during the work day, but are deserted in the evenings; the new Civic Center is underused; and the shopping areas are declining. In considering an ARZ for Tucson, the main questions that had to be answered were whether it could help in overcoming downtown's negative image, in attracting and keeping people there, in unifying and clarifying the new and old districts, and in creating economic activity. KW - Arizona KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Economic activity KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic development KW - Employment KW - Highway traffic KW - Historic preservation KW - Libraries KW - Mobility KW - Neighborhoods KW - Parking facilities KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Public buildings KW - Public transit KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186087 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. VOLUME II. MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEMS: FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT PY - 1977/12 SP - 105 p. AB - Volume II documents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of Multi-User Vehicle Systems (MUVS) as a mode of urban transportation and which is often suggested as one solution to the problem of transportation within congested urban areas. A review of existing experience, an examination of key factors, and an assessment of MUVS feasibility was conducted as the first stage in a potentially in-depth research and experimental effort. MUVS is a paratransit mode of transportation which consists of a fleet of small user-operated vehicles available for rental between terminals within a well-defined service area. Although this study considered a wide array of potential vehicles, the basic concept examined herein is similar to the various short-term rental cars. The goals and objectives of MUVS are to: (1) alleviate congestion and improve traffic flow; (2) increase mobility; (3) provide an additional choice of mode; (4) reduce air pollution from vehicle emissions; (5) reduce noise; (6) conserve energy; and (7) reduce land requirements for parking. A detailed examination of a MUVS as a Central Business District (CBD) circulation service in Amsterdam and in Montpellier, France is presented. Various characteristics of each system are identified and compared. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality management KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Congestion KW - Energy conservation KW - France KW - Highway transportation KW - Mobility KW - Netherlands KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Paratransit services KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pollutants KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186088 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. VOLUME III. AUTO RESTRICTED ZONES: PLANS FOR FIVE CITIES PY - 1977/12 SP - 257 p. AB - The report discusses the application of some of the auto restricted zones (ARZ) techniques to downtown areas of five U.S. cities: Boston; Burlington; Memphis; Providence; and Tucson. While these cities were not selected as being representative samples of American cities, they do cover a wide range of sizes and conditions and have many characteristics which are shared by other cities. This shows the adaptability of the ARZ concept to different conditions and reinforces the conclusion that city size is not critical to ARZ success and that complete prohibition of traffic is not the only option. In each city, the approach of the ARZ planning team was keyed to local plans and problems. Emphasis was on tailoring an ARZ plan to each specific urban environment rather than imposing a preselected strategy. The process began with a systematic examination of the existing downtown infrastructure and current plans and projects already underway were also assessed for impact toward ARZ planning. KW - Arizona KW - Automobiles KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Control KW - Highway transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Massachusetts KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrians KW - Rhode Island KW - Tennessee KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vermont KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186091 AU - Herald, W S AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Moore-Header Architects AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE/MULTI-USER VEHICLE SYSTEM STUDY. TECHNICAL APPENDIX: BURLINGTON AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE STUDY PY - 1977/12 SP - 128 p. AB - The report examines a proposal for an auto restricted zone (ARZ) for the City of Burlington. The City is faced with increased competition from a proposal for a major suburban shopping mall, as well as internal competition from a recently completed shopping arcade in the downtown area. Such competition pressure has been a primary incentive for local efforts to improve the character of the existing downtown retail area through auto restriction and pedestrian improvements. The increases in the economic health of the City have also created strong pressures for physical change and for improving the quality of public space. This concern has culminated in the current proposal for construction of a 4-block pedestrian mall. A further issue facing the City is the quality of transit facilities in the downtown. Several of Burlington's earlier Urban Design Plans now comprise the main urban design components of the proposed ARZ plan. Four existing characteristics were assessed to test potential of an ARZ. The Urban Design Plan consists of two elements: a circulation framework and a street improvement program. These elements are described in detail in the text. KW - Automobiles KW - Beautification KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Economic benefits KW - Highway traffic KW - Highway transportation KW - Land use KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrian vehicle interface KW - Pedestrians KW - Shopping centers KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic control KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Vermont KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176581 AU - Strickland, L R AU - Mitre Corporation TI - TRI-MET AUTOMATED FARE BILLING SYSTEM PY - 1977/12 SP - 49 p. AB - The fare collection technique studied in this report is that of automated billing, where information on each ride is recorded and a passenger is billed at the end of the month for the ride. The first use and successful operation of an automated billing system was in the Valley Transit District, serving the Naughatuck Vally, Connecticut. Hence, UMTA has decided that a similar system should be implemented in conjunction with a demonstration of special transportation services for the elderly and handicapped in a medium sized city. Portland, Oregon, was the site chosen for this demonstration; the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TRI-MET) is the operating agency. This report describes the TRI-MET Automated Billing System that has been successfully introduced into service in Portland, TRI-MET is using an automated billing system as part of its Special Needs Transportation Project (The Lift) serving the elderly and handicapped. Users of the service are issued an encoded credit-card-sized plastic bus pass. Each time a passenger rides the bus the card is inserted in an on-board car reader unit which records the code and other appropriate data on a tape cassette. At the end of each day's operation, data on the cassettes are transmitted to a computer center. Itemized billings and statistical reports are produced monthly. The authors state that the TRI-MET Credit Card Fare Collection is a major step forward in the introduction of cashless systems. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Automation KW - Billing KW - Credit KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare collection KW - Information processing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Statistical analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70064 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189343 AU - CLARK, G M AU - Ashton, W B AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - THE LOCATION AND SIZING OF URBAN FREIGHT TERMINALS WITH MULTIPLE PLANNING PERIODS: THE URBAN TERMINAL INVESTMENT MODEL (UTIM) PY - 1977/12 SP - 232 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to develop and test an Urban Terminal Investment Model (UTIM) for use in the design decisions required to locate, construct, and operate a network of terminal facilities. Several overall criteria are presented as guidelines to produce a model and a solution procedure which permits terminal planning on a routine basis. This research has led to a design methodology which is currently operational for use by transportation planners. The methodology is implemented with computer programs collectively called UTIM. This document contains an investigation of the economic advantages of consolidation terminals for the distribution of small-shipment freight in large metropolitan areas. Planning models for two different system operating rules which assign freight flows to terminals are developed. The models are designed to identify least cost terminal system configuration which are valuable in assessing the economic attractiveness of freight consolidation relative to other goods movement methods. The UTIM models are nonlinear integer programs which are solved with new partial enumeration methods developed in this research. The research results included realistic evidence for potential economic superiority of multiple terminal networks over a single facility, namely, for cities whose metropolitan areas are charcterized by spread out commercial zones and concentrated truck carrier locations. Application of the UTIM models was tested, using data for the Columbus, Ohio, area. For this analysis, the least cost configuration was a single consolidation facility which was estimated to permit significant cost savings over the current goods movement system. /UMTA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Commodities KW - Consolidations KW - Costs KW - Dispersion KW - Freight traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Investments KW - Mathematical models KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00191670 AU - Klauder (Louis T) and Associates AU - Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Michigan Department of Transportation TI - A STUDY TO ACCOMMODATE THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED ON EXISTING COMMUTER RAIL COACHES PY - 1977/12 SP - 79 p. AB - The report examines the feasibility of making the existing Detroit-Pontiac commuter rail service more readily accessible by the elderly and handicapped. It examines three types of railroad coaches (1500, 4800, and 9600 series cars) currently owned by the Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority (SEMTA) as well as existing rail stations in the overall analysis to provide rail service for the elderly and handicapped. The report is definitive toward the methods required to modify the interiors of these cars to accommodate the onboard handicapped passenger (including bathroom facilities). The report also presents innovative concepts to the problem of boarding/unloading the handicapped. Some of the conclusions presented are the following--(1) that present commuter rail facilities are not accessible for ingress/egress by the unassisted elderly and handicapped; and (2) that two of the three types of railcars owned by SEMTA can be modified to accommodate the elderly and handicapped providing that each station platform complement the proposed car modification. The guidelines used as reference material for this study were the Michigan 'General Rules' of the Construction Code Commissions Barrier Free Design Graphics. This report provides numerous diagrams depicting floor arrangements and the proposed modifications to these cars. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Commuter cars KW - Government regulations KW - Level of service KW - Michigan KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ramps KW - Regulations KW - Services KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169787 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSBUS ENGINEERING TEST PROGRAM PY - 1977/12 SP - 289 p. AB - This report summarizes the engineering tests that were performed in support of the Transbus Program implemented in June 1971. Transbus prototypes built by three manufacturers were subjected to a series of tests. The objectives of the engineering tests were to obtain evaluation data to determine the degree of compliance with the Transbus specification, to assess the design improvements over current production buses, to identify product improvements required for production designs, and to provide overall technical assessments of the designs for a government decision regarding a production phase for Transbus. This report presents an overview of the entire test program--the test articles, procedures and facilities used for the development tests, acceptance tests, and independent engineering tests. It also presents a summary of the data obtained in each individual portion of the testing program. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Human factors engineering KW - Prototype tests KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186162 AU - Yen, A M AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE WEDWAY PEOPLEMOVER SYSTEM AT WALT DISNEY WORLD PY - 1977/12 SP - 96 p. AB - SRI conducted this study as part of an assessment program sponsored by UMTA. The purpose of the program is to gain an in-depth understanding of the performance, capabilities, and limitations of the AGT systems at WALT DISNEY WORLD, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Fairlane Town Center, Tampa International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, and King's Dominion Amusement Park, as well as to provide a uniformly documented presentation of automated guideway transit (AGT) installations for UMTA's AGT program and for use by other research groups and interested parties. This final report, one of six site reports, describes and assesses the WEDway PeopleMover System, an automated guideway transit system used for passenger transport at WALT DISNEY WORLD in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Information and data were collected by the authors through surveys of technical literature; formal site visits; interviews with operators, management, and engineering personnel; and a visit to the system manufacturer. The WEDway system represents the state-of-the-art in passive vehicles; it is completely passive except for its mechanical running gear. WEDway consists of a single 4,600-ft closed loop with only one station. Although it carries more than 4.5 million passengers/yr, there have been no serious accidents. The system design has resulted in a very reliable system. The use of a linear induction motor as the prime mover has shown efficiencies both in operation and maintenance. The authors state that although the WEDway exceeds its operational requirements, future work is necessary to explore the advantages/disadvantages of a passive system before durability of the system is determined. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric vehicles KW - Florida KW - Guideways KW - Human factors engineering KW - Induction motors KW - Lake Buena Vista (Florida) KW - Passenger transportation KW - People movers KW - Performance KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186150 AU - Yen, A M AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE TUNNEL TRAIN SYSTEM AT HOUSTON INTERCONTINENTAL AIRPORT PY - 1977/12 SP - 98 p. AB - This report describes and assesses the Tunnel Train System at Houston Intercontinental Airport; it was installed in 1972 as a replacement of an earlier battery-powered tug system. It provides a good example of the problems associated with fitting an AGT system into an existing environment. Information and data were collected by the authors through surveys of technical literature; formal site visits; interviews with operators, management, and engineering personnel; and a visit to the system manufacturer. In the proposed extension of the terminal, the airport will have to decide whether to upgrade or extend the tunnel train or to install a new system. In terms of current demand, the system serves its purpose adequately. KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Comfort KW - Economic analysis KW - George Bush Intercontinental Airport KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Level of service KW - Passenger transportation KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Texas KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186106 AU - Yen, A M AU - Henderson, C AU - Sakasita, M AU - Roddin, M AU - Siddiqee, W AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE UMI TYPE II TOURISTER AGT SYSTEM AT KING'S DOMINION PY - 1977/12 SP - 65 p. AB - The information and data presented were collected through surveys of technical literature; site visits; interviews with pertinent personnel; and a visit to the system manufacturer. The purpose is to provide a uniformly documented presentation of AGT installations for UMTA's AGT Socio-Economic Program, and to gain an in-depth understanding of the performance, capabilities, and limitations of existing systems. The overall objectives are to obtain factual engineering and operational data; obtain descriptive economic, system performance, and user perception data; and review the design, development, and implementation process. The findings are to be used in planning, evaluation, producing, and deploying future AGT systems. This report addresses the background of the project; the engineering system description and assessment; operation, maintenance and reliability and passenger-oriented system performance; systems economics; and the development history. The system at King's Dominion has a relatively low technological level, but an overall design that fulfills the site requirements in a reliable and economical manner. It is an unscheduled, loop-type system that can accommodate small wheelchairs designed for children. The system is in a mature state of development, but is less completely automated than some of the other AGT systems. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Design KW - Economic factors KW - Engineering KW - Evaluation KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Operations KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public opinion KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Vehicles KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77780 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182093 AU - Yen, A M AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE PASSENGER SHUTTLE SYSTEM (PSS) AT TAMPA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1977/12 SP - 110 p. AB - The report is the second in a series of six to assess the systems at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Fairlane Town Center, Houston Intercontinental Airport, Tampa International Airport, Walt Disney World, and King's Dominion Amusement Park. In assessing systems at these sites, the overall objectives are to obtain engineering and operational data; obtain descriptive economic, system performance, and user perception data; and review the design, development, and implementation process. The purpose of the site reports is to provide a uniformly documented presentation of AGT installations for UMTA's AGT program, and to establish the state of the art of AGT systems for ultimate use in planning, evaluating, producing, and deploying future systems. This report contains the findings of an assessment of the Tampa International Passenger Shuttle System (PSS), an elevated, automated AGT system that provides passenger transit service between a landside terminal and remotely located airside terminals at the airport. The PSS at Tampa has been in successful operation carrying passengers between airside and landside buildings since 1971. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Florida KW - George Bush Intercontinental Airport KW - Guideways KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Level of service KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger transportation KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Seattle-Tacoma International Airport KW - Services KW - Shuttle service KW - State of the art KW - Systems analysis KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Tampa International Airport KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00189324 AU - CLARK, G M AU - Ashton, W B AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING URBAN GOODS CONSOLIDATION TERMINAL INVESTMENT AND LOCATION DECISIONS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/12 SP - 28 p. AB - This report constitutes one of the final reports for a study to develop an Urban Terminal Investment Model (UTIM) for use by planners in designing and evaluating a system of urban goods consolidation terminals for small shipments to reduce the cost of picking up and delivering these shipments in the Central Business District (CBD). The study describes a planning methodology for designing the system which is applied in two phases: the data collection phase which involves interviews with shippers and receivers; a simulation to estimate which involves interviews with shippers and receivers; a simulation to estimate truck travel times; and a sampling study to estimate vehicle loading and queuing times, and the investment phase which involves the application of a UTIM to determine least-cost terminal investment, location, and operation decisions. The report also addresses previous studies that have been conducted to evaluate consolidation terminals. To illustrate UTIM capabilities, the Columbus, Ohio CBD was analyzed with forecasts for a 12-year period from 1974 to 1985. The forecasts were based upon the 1973 estimates of zonal volumes for consolidatable shipments less than 1000 pounds. The results indicate that significant savings in pickup and delivery costs could be realized through the use of a consolidation terminal, and that analyses of the spatial characteristics of urban areas indicate that multiple terminals in some areas may be more efficient than a single terminal. /Author/ KW - Central business districts KW - City planning KW - Costs KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Freight traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Investments KW - Location KW - Shipments KW - Travel time KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/81731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176279 AU - Mabee, N B AU - Zumwalt, B A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW OF DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER PROPOSALS: PRELIMINARY MARKET IMPLICATIONS FOR DOWNTOWN APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT PY - 1977/12 SP - 144 p. AB - The Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Socio-Economic Research Program, initiated by UMTA in 1975, is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary research effort addressing the social, economic, environmental, institutional, land use, and performance issues of AGT technology in the urban environment. A major objective of this program is to ascertain the potential market for AGT systems in the United States. The information was extracted from 38 proposals submitted by U.S. cities for consideration in UMTA's Downtown People Mover (DPM) Project in June 1976. These proposals address a range of socioeconomic considerations related to the installation of DPM systems in central business districts. The considerations include application site characteristics, system ridership, system economics, past project planning, local funding sources, related transportation planning activities, related central city redevelopment activities, and environmental impacts. This report presents a brief description of the status of AGT technology in the U.S., a summary of the project and site characteristics given in the DPM proposals, and individual summary sheets for each city. The 38 DPM proposals submitted indicate that there is a U.S. market for a people mover system. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - People movers KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180776 AU - Yen, A M AU - Henderson, C AU - Sakasita, M AU - Roddin, M AU - Cronin, R AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE SATELLITE TRANSIT SYSTEM (STS) AT THE SEATTLE-TACOMA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1977/12 SP - 133 p. AB - The report describes and assesses the Satellite Transit System (STS), an exclusively underground AGT system of the shuttle loop transit class used for passenger transport at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. The information and data presented were collected through surveys of technical literature; formal site visits; interviews with operators, management, and engineering personnel; and a visit to the system manufacturer (Westinghouse). The report contains seven major sections and a comprehensive information checklist attached as an appendix: (1) Executive Summary; (2) Background Information; (3) Technical Description; (4) System Operational and Performance Assessment; (5) System Economics; (6) System Development Process; and (7) Concluding Remarks. The report concludes that the STS system has had no major problems in its four-year operating history, and it is in a position to further expand its final design capacity. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Data collection KW - Economics KW - Intra airport transit KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger transportation KW - Satellite transit system KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Seattle-Tacoma International Airport KW - Underground KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178248 AU - Marsh, J C AU - Kaplan, Rj AU - Kornfield, S M AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF SERIOUS INJURY: FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/12 SP - 77 p. AB - A pilot study was conducted to collect data on the financial consequences of serious and worse traffic injuries through the use of personal interviews. Study objectives included the development of feasible methodology and the collection of illustrative costs. A sample of 120 case vehicle occupants was randomly drawn from a population of 241 Washtenaw County case vehicle occupants who had sustained serious (OAIS-4), critical (OAIS-5), or fatal (OAIS 6-10) injuries during the period of December, 1967, through December, 1974. The results indicate that a personal interview is a reliable method for collecting consequences of OAIS-4 and OAIS-5 injuries but that locating accident victims can be difficult. Due to consistent negative reactions, interviews were not conducted for fatal cases. Data on lost wages, medical costs, impairment, property damage, legal costs, activity restrictions, and loss recovery were collected. Results of this and a previous study of OAIS-1 to -3 costs are summarized. While the results are not definitive, some insight into the increase in costs at high levels of injury severity can be gained. /HSRI/ KW - Accident costs KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Economic factors KW - Employee compensation KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Interviewing KW - Medical equipment KW - Medicine KW - Sampling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178239 AU - Scott, R E AU - Compton, C P AU - Filkins, L D AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - VEHICLE HANDLING STUDY: SECOND INTERIM REPORT PY - 1977/12 SP - 90 p. AB - Three hundred eighty-seven randomly selected accidents occurring in Washtenaw and part of Oakland Counties, Michigan were investigated. Data relevant to determination of the potential role of vehicle handling in accident causation, particularly tire data, were collected on 518 vehicles in these accidents. Limited tire data were also obtained during random Michigan State Police checklane inspections in the summer of 1976. The checklane and accident samples were compared on tire pressure, tread depth, and carcass construction. Additional comparisons were made between subsets of the accident sample. The data reveal generally poor tire maintenance practices in both samples, but there is no evidence to implicate poorly maintained tires as casative factors in accidents except on wet or slippery roads. This conclusion is tentative because of the limited number of vehicles in the accident sample, and becuse the control group may not adequately represent the population which generated the accident sample. Larger sample sizes, more definitive control-group data and development of a defintition of vehicle-handling accidents are recommended. /HSRI/ KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobiles KW - Crash causes KW - Crash investigation KW - Maintenance KW - Pavements KW - Police KW - Samples KW - Tires KW - Wet pavements KW - Wet weather UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175260 AU - Hobbs, V J AU - Heckelmann, W AU - Patt, N G AU - Hill, J H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Studiengesellschaft Nahverkehr G.m.b.H. AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie TI - DEVELOPMENT/DEPLOYMENT INVESTIGATION OF CABINTAXI/CABINLIFT SYSTEM PY - 1977/12 SP - 425 p. AB - The study is an investigation of the Cabintaxi/Cabinlift Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems under development in the Federal Republic of Germany. It was conducted under a bilateral agreement between the U.S. Department of Transportation and the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, and was carried out jointly by The Transportation Systems Center (TSC) and The Studiengesellschaft Nahverkehr mbH (SNV), during the Fall of 1976 and Spring of 1977. The Cabintaxi/Cabinlift system is a technological concept designed for versatile application to a cross section of transportation needs. This report (which is available in both German and English) describes the overall design and development philosophy adopted by the manufacturers, the existing and planned technology and system concepts, the development experience to date, and the costs and performance levels achieved through several years of design refinement and test track experience. The purposes of this study are to: (1) gather and exchange information on Automated Guideway Technology to better understand the state of technological advancement and to obtain synergistic improvements for future development; (2) review problems and solutions encountered during the design, development, implementation, and operation of AGT systems; (3) obtain information on engineering, economic, operational performance, and public response which can be used in planning AGT systems; and (4) provide urban planners with information which will enable them to determine the applicability of AGT systems to their specific transportation problems. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Development KW - Germany KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - People movers KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167384 AU - US National Committees/Tunnelling Technology AU - National Science Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR SETTLEMENT OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES PY - 1977/11 SP - 31 p. AB - The Subcommittee on Contracting Practices appointed a Task Group on Arbitration to review methods other than court litigation currently used for settlement of disputes in the U.S., particularly in the construction industry, and to recommend specific procedures for the resolution of disputes and an organizational arrangement under which such procedures could be administered effectively. This report presents the procedures developed by the Task Group on Arbitration. KW - Adjudication KW - Administrative procedures KW - Arbitration KW - Construction KW - Construction industry KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contract administration KW - Decision making KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Ground settlement KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Legal factors KW - Management KW - Recommendations KW - Strikes KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195874 AU - Rouse (WV) and Company TI - TRANSIT NEEDS ANALYSIS VOLUME I: TRANSIT NEEDS ASSESSMENT, APPENDIXES PY - 1977/11 SP - 133 p. AB - The St. Louis Mass Transit Program was undertaken to determine if an improved regional transit system is needed; it is directed at the mobility requirements of the total population. Special emphasis was given to travel characteristics and need of transit-dependent persons. This report, Volume II, provides a detailed description of the methodology employed in the analysis. The appendixes are as follows: A - Definition of Terms; B - Review of nationwide research on latent demand and transit-dependency; C - Detailed analysis of existing St. Louis travel data with regard to identifying regional transit service needs; D - Key person community survey results; E - Results of transit-dependent survey; F -Estimates of persons in autoless household (for 1985) and supplemental tables; G - Summary of literature review, with annotated bibliography. Volume I titled "Transit Needs Analysis, Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-4) describes the transit needs analysis, including total transit needs and mobility needs of transit-dependents. "Volume II: Procedural Manual" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-6) consists of procedures use in analysis of existing data sources, in transit-dependent survey, and in key person community survey. Other reports of this study are: "Mass Transit Program for Saint Louis Metropolitan Area" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-7) defines a 1985 Mass Transit Program for the area and consists of an expanded all-bus system with the addition of Freeway Bus Service and Park-Ride facilities in eight corridors; and "Public Acceptance Plan" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-8) basically describes the need to promote and sell public mass transportation. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00184577 AU - King, L AU - Puget Sound Council of Governments TI - A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1977/11 SP - 226 p. AB - The major factors that led to the intitiation of Tacoma's Transportation Plan for the Elderly and Handicapped were the continued interest given by UMTA to the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped, and also that Tacoma has been operating a transportation program to assist transportation-disadvantaged individuals since 1973. Therefore, in 1976, the City requested and received funding to support a one-year study to examine the needs of mobility-restricted citizens and to offer a variety of alternatives that might provide the needed services. The study group examined the background of the transportation problems in Tacoma and found that the elderly and handicapped are confronted by numerous barriers that inhibit their ability to travel within the city. The five phases of the Plan were to develop citizen coordination, establish objectives, collect and analyze census data, develop scenarios for system development, and to generate the selection process. The options for meeting the transportation needs were accessible fixed-route service, demand-responsive transportation operated by public sector, operated privately for profit sector, operated privately for non-profit sector, and multi-modal (combined systems). Before making recommendations, it was necessary to compare these alternatives, from which the most viable option was to be selected. The study group recommended that the City Council consider the combined fixed-route demand-responsive system alternative, which utilizes taxis and the existing bus fleet. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fixed routes KW - Mobility KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197467 AU - Rouse (H.B.) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - TRANSIT NEEDS ANALYSIS. VOLUME II: PROCEDURE MANUAL PY - 1977/11 SP - 96 p. AB - After ten years of serious consideration of some type of steelwheel-steelrail public transit improvements, the conclusion was reached that for the forseeable future buses operating on existing streets and highways with certain modifications are the most cost-effective means to meet this region's transit needs. Attention is now focused on financing existing transit service and the improvement proposals made in this report. This volume, Volume II, provides a description of the methodology utilized in the analysis, and it is intended to provide guidelines for other urban areas. This volume consists of procedures employed in the transit dependent survey, in transit analysis of existing data sources, and in the key person community survey. In addition, Volume II includes four appendixes. The first two appendixes present the survey instruments used in both the transit-dependent and the key person community surveys. Appendix C details the survey manual used to train interviewers for the transit-dependent survey, and Appendix D describes the community participation program. KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Manuals KW - Missouri KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Railroad transportation KW - Streets KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88648 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197466 AU - Rouse (H.B.) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - TRANSIT NEEDS ANALYSIS. VOLUME I: TRANSIT NEEDS ASSESSMENT PY - 1977/11 SP - 66 p. AB - The St. Louis Mass Transit Program was undertaken to determine if an improved regional transit system is needed; it is directed at the mobility requirements of the total population. Special emphasis was given to travel characteristics and needs of transit-dependent persons. Public transportation, as stated herein, in the St. Louis area will be buses on local streets and highways for the next 10-15 years. Volume I, this report, consists of three major sections: (1) An analysis of regional transit service needs; (2) An analysis of transit-dependent service needs; and (3) A description of methods to evaluate alternative regional transit systems. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Highways KW - Missouri KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Streets KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197468 AU - Rouse (WV) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - TRANSIT NEEDS ANALYSIS. VOLUME I: TRANSIT NEEDS ASSESSMENT APPENDIXES PY - 1977/11 SP - 133 p. AB - The St. Louis Mass Transit Program was undertaken to determine if an improved regional transit system is needed; it is directed at the mobility requirements of the total population. Special emphasis was given to travel characteristics and needs of transit-dependent persons. This report, Volume II, provides a detailed description of the methodology employed in the analysis. The appendixes are as follows: A - Definition of Terms; B - Review of nationwide research on latent demand and transit-dependency; C - Detailed analysis of existing St. Louis travel data with regard to identifying regional transit service needs; D - Key person community survey results; E - Results of transit-dependent survey; F - Estimates of persons in autoless household (for 1985) and supplemental tables; G - Summary of literature review, with annotated bibliography. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Households KW - Missouri KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Public transit KW - Reviews KW - Sociology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178241 AU - STALNAKER, R L AU - Bender, M AU - Melvin, J W AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - SAFETY HELMET-HEAD INTERACTION STUDY USING HIGH-SPEED CINDERADIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/10/31 SP - 42 p. AB - Six specimen industrial safety helmets supplied by NIOSH were subjected to impact force by an 8 lb. spherical mass, dropped from a vertical height of 5 ft., while worn on the head of a seated HSRI dummy. The purpose of these tests was to evaluate helmet-head dynamic performance by means of information obtained from 1000-frame-per-second x-ray cine-matography, and impactor and dummy head acceleration instrumentation. Peak and average forces, force durations, component and average resultant head accelerations are reported for each helmet type. Analysis and discussion include a defined helmet-head stiffness parameter, and consideration of the data on the basis of the Mean Strain Criterion Head Injury Model. All six specimen helmets were found to function properly under the test conditions. /HSRI/ KW - Dummies KW - Head KW - Helmets KW - High speed photography KW - Impact studies KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Safety KW - Testing KW - X rays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179847 AU - Beeson, J D AU - Davis, F W AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Southeastern Transportation Center TI - THE KNOXVILLE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE PROJECT--VOLUME II: OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT PY - 1977/10 SP - 142 p. AB - This report is a description of the operational development of the commuter transportation brokerage system that was in operation in Knoxville, Tennessee through 30 June 1977. When the Knoxville Commuter Pool (KCP) was established, the concept of a transportation broker came into effect with the intention that if it proved workable, it would become an arm of the proposed City Department of Transportation. The initial purpose of this research was to develop and operationalize an multi-modal public and private transportation service throughout the Knoxville metropolitan area. The instrument through which the project objectives would be obtained was the transportation broker who could coordinate all modes of transportation. The broker would not promote one mode of transportation over another, but would promote all modes in order that the broad objectives of the community would be met. Each individual commuter or group requesting service would be provided with a series of transportation alternatives that permitted the highest level of service at the lowest possible cost. These alternatives included vanpooling, which this study addresses extensively. KCP is now working under the City Department of Transportation, and its future plans include a continued effort to find better ways to promote all forms of ridesharing. There was not time to realize the full potential of the brokerage concept by 30 June 1977. However, sufficient accomplishments were achieved to show that the brokerage concept has the potential of solving many of the transportation problems with which cities are now faced. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Ridesharing KW - Vanpools UR - http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/pdf/2008/Report%20110.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197652 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1977/10 SP - 112 p. AB - This sixth Annual Report describes the work accomplished and summarizes pertinent technical and design data. The objective of the Program is to enhance the attractiveness of rail rapid transit to the urban traveler by providing him with transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe, and economical as possible. Three major hardware tasks were active during this reporting period, namely: the State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC), the Advanced Concept Train (ACT-1), and the Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASDP). Accomplishments for the year ending September 1977 included the following: Completion of the PATCO revenue service program; Delivery of the first ACT-1 car to the DOT Transportation Test Center; Fabrication and developmental testing of the components for the Advanced Sub-systems Development Program including the self-synchronous propulsion system, the monomotor truck and the synchronous brake system. KW - Advanced concept train KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brakes KW - Braking systems KW - Comfort KW - Design KW - Electric power conditioning KW - High speed rail KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Monomotor trucks KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Safety KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168889 AU - Caywood, W C AU - Donnelly, H L AU - Rubinstein, N AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINE FOR RIDE-QUALITY SPECIFICATIONS BASED ON TRANSPO '72 TEST DATA PY - 1977/10 SP - 46 p. AB - The study was undertaken to determine if new information suitable for use in Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) specifications of ride-quality could be derived from data taken during the tests of the four prototype AGT systems (the Bendix Dashaveyor, the Ford Motor AGT, the Rohr Monocab, and the Otis TTD system) at the Dulles International Airport in conjunction with TRANSPO '72. The purpose of this work was to establish acceptable ride-quality levels for AGT vehicles and to define a means for measuring these motions. A set of acceleration and jerk values is presented for developing AGT ride-quality specifications in a universally accepted format for these measurements. In this report, the ride-quality acceleration measurements and the ride-jury comfort ratings that were recorded during the Post-TRANSPO '72 test program have been examined for possible use in establishing standards for the ride-quality of AGT systems. The four TRANSPO systems, the techniques used for making the ride-comfort tests, and data processing and analysis methods are described. Results are presented for the vibratory motions associated with travel at a constant speed over a straight guideway and for transient events associated with starting and stopping, traversing switch areas, and entering and exiting curves. Although the sample is small, and some anomalies are present, the TRANSPO results were found to be a unique source of data for defining ride-quality standards. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Passenger comfort KW - Ride quality UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00180884 AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE PY - 1977/09/01 SP - 725 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Buses KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167351 AU - Kemp, M A AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SAN DIEGO TRANSIT STUDY DATA BASE: TAPE-USERS' GUIDE PY - 1977/09 SP - 111 p. AB - This document is a brief technical manual for users of a magnetic tape-based data set assembled by The Urban Institute Transportation Studies Program. The data characterize the operation of the San Diego Transit Corporation bus system for the time period 1/72 through 4/75. These data have been used for a study of bus transit demand and supply and are being made available for other analysts who wish to use them. KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - California KW - Demand KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Manuals KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Revenues KW - Routes KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56787 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168904 AU - Etkin, S A AU - SHERRET, A AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - TRAVEL IN THE BART SERVICE AREA PY - 1977/09 SP - 86 p. AB - BART, the 71-mile Bay Area Rapid Transit System, serving San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, and their suburbs, is the first regional-scale rapid transit system to open in the United States in over 50 years. This report is one of a series assessing the impacts of BART on transportation and travel in the Bay Area. The report analyzes the results of two travel surveys: (1) the May 1976 BART Passenger Profile Survey, an on-route self-completion questionnaire survey of 8,000 BART riders, and (2) the BART Impact Program May 1975 Areawide Travel Survey, a telephone interview survey of 1,000 individuals in the BART service area. The report presents information on the socioeconomic characteristics of BART, bus, and automobile travelers, the purposes and other characteristics of their trips, and the shares of areawide travel carried by the modes. KW - California KW - City planning KW - Competition KW - Highway traffic KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Questionnaires KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - San Francisco Bay KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176280 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAN DIEGO WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE BUS STUDY PY - 1977/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The study describes the implementation and early operation of a pilot project of fixed route, wheelchair accessible bus service on two routes of the San Diego Transit system. Five buses of the Transit Authority fleet were retrofitted with wheelchair lifts by the lift manufacturer. Four lift equipped buses are used in the service with one bus held as a spare. Relatively few lift problems have been encountered. Nevertheless, lift design improvements have been and are continually being made to improve its performance and usability. Ridership by wheelchair confined persons has been low and a number of possible reasons for this are enumerated. Wheelchair accessible bus service will incur added operational costs but insufficient experience has been generated to permit estimation of the annual amount. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - California KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Hoists KW - Level of service KW - Loading and unloading KW - Loading procedures KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Routes KW - Safety equipment KW - Services KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186114 AU - Billheimer, J W AU - Bullemer, R J AU - Fratessa, C AU - Systan, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SANTA MONICA FREEWAY DIAMOND LANES. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1977/09 SP - 525 p. AB - The technical report contains the Executive Summary; Overviews of the Project, Site, and Evaluation; Freeway and Bus Operations; Safety, the Environment, and Public Response; Survey of Other Preferential Lane Projects; and Appendices. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Automobiles KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - California KW - Freeways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Public opinion KW - Redemption KW - Reserved lanes KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Traffic surveys KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/77785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00179870 AU - General Electric Corporate Research & Development TI - A STUDY OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE FOR URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLES, PHASE I PY - 1977/09 SP - 210 p. AB - This report documents the Phase I results of a program--Study of Flywheel Energy Storage--investigating the use of flywheel storage as applied to fixed-route, multistop, rubber-tired, urban transit vehicles. This program, established by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration in 1976, has an ultimate objective of hastening the changeover to electric propulsion from today's petroleum-powered transit vehicles. The objective of Phase I was to evaluate the application of flywheel energy storage to a broad spectrum of electrically powered urban transit vehicles and to identify the systems which could meet the established mission requirements. This document is the final report for Phase I of this flywheel storage program, and it summarizes the results of each of the six tasks of Phase I: Requirements Study; System Concept Study; Supporting Engineering Design and Analysis; Life-Cycle Cost; Development Plan for Phase II; and Technological Advancements. Charts, tables, major conclusions and recommendations are provided. The Appendixes (A-L) chart out such items as system requirements; flywheel/motor energy storage packages; life-cycle cost analysis, methodology, and worksheets; modularity in design; and a list of references. This report concludes that flywheel energy storage is a promising technique for reducing dependence upon petroleum fuels by urban transit buses as well as offering environmental improvement potentials to transit operators. The study recommends that a hardware development program be initiated for propulsions systems appliable to urban vehicles. /FHWA/ KW - Analysis KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Electric vehicles KW - Energy KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176298 AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SUBSIDIZED TAXI PROGRAMS FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1977/09 SP - 74 p. AB - The report examines subsidized taxi systems serving elderly and handicapped persons in six locations in the San Francisco Bay Area. The systems studied are San Leandro, Santa Clara County, Sunnyvale, Palo Alto, Lafayette, and Fremont. These systems are designed to deliver taxi service at a reasonable cost to target groups residing within the program areas. The objectives of the report are: (1) to describe six programs which deliver transportation service to elderly and handicapped persons utilizing the subsidized taxi mode; (2) to identify the essential similarities and differences among these programs; (3) to illustrate, in qualitative terms, the nature of the costs, efficiencies and impacts on taxi operators, subsidizers, and users of the six approaches; and (4) to interpret this information and identify those findings which appear to be transferable to planners in other localities. The subsidized taxi programs are successfully delivering transportation service to elderly and handicapped residents in all locations as evidenced by rising client enrollment and ridership volumes. Overall, response to the programs has been and continues to be extremely favorable. KW - Aged KW - Analysis KW - Automobiles KW - California KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Grant aid KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Revenues KW - San Francisco Bay KW - Services KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176571 AU - Golstein, L AU - McShane, W AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York TI - RAM: A NORMATIVE TOOL FOR TRANSIT ROUTE PLANNING PY - 1977/09 SP - 187 p. AB - This work deals with the development of a Route Allocation Model (RAM), a practical methodology to assist the transit planner in the development of transit needs. RAM is a computerized transit route design tool which will sequentially allocate bus (or other) routes to an area under study. The model is multi-purpose in that it may be utilized for standard transit route planning or for transit route planning under a scenario of special interest. These scenarios may include such items as limited auto-environment planning, school bus planning, standard Transportation Systems Management Element applications, and the updating of currently outdated transit routes to reflect present day transportation needs. This document discusses such items as: the nature of the general transit routing problem; a disutility function; a definition of the network and the RAM approach. There are charts that illustrate the differences between the conventional approach of route planning and the RAM approach to transit route planning. The scope includes a case study application of the RAM methodology in Queens County, New York City. Results obtained for this case study are presented as well as recommendations for further research. The RAM methodology is developed within this text and complemented by the appendices of computer outputs which illustrate components of the methodology. The appendix material is not included herein, but it is available on request from the Transportation Research and Training Center, Polytechnic Institute of New York. /UMTA/ KW - Environmental impacts KW - Networks KW - Prototypes KW - Route choice KW - School buses KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176559 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Zaelke, D AU - Neumann, L AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SHARED RIDE AUTO TRANSIT PY - 1977/09 SP - 252 p. AB - The objective of this report is to assess the feasibiity of the implementation of shared-ride auto transit (SRAT), which is an innovative approach for increasing auto occupancy in rural and urban areas. The report focuses on operational concepts, potential usage, legal and regulatory issues, and insitutational issues. Formulation of the SRAT concept was motivated by several concerns, such as: (1) energy conservation; (2) transit service to areas unable to economically justify conventional transit services, and to travel disadvantaged groups; (3) transit service replacement to achieve greater effeciency and to reduce transit deficits; (4) provision of inexpensive transit service; and (5) and increase of safety and reliability of hitchhiking. Four case study sites (Boulder, Colorado; Boston, Massachusetts; Portland, Oregon; and Tidewater, Virginia), were used to identify the specific institutional issues likely to impact SRAT implementation for that site, and to identify the opportunities for designing, implementing and operating SRAT in a variety of institutional settings. The report includes Appendix A, which lists existing and proposed SRAT systems, and Appednix B, which shows the derivations of equations used in SRAT route and stop analysis. The study recommends that SRAT can provide sufficiently high levels of service. However, a number of potentially serious institutional barriers to SRAT exist, but by designing the system to reflect a site's particular institutional setting, it appears that in many instances, these barriers can be overcome. KW - Carpools KW - Equations KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Institutions KW - Legal factors KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulations KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174733 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS PROPULSION SYSTEMS ALTERNATE POWER PLANT INSTALLATIONS PY - 1977/09 SP - 42 p. AB - This report describes the survey and evaluation that was made of U.S. heavy-duty automotive engine manufacturers who could offer engines to power TRANSBUS during its production life which is expected to run to the 1990's. TRANSBUS is the heavy-duty, 35- to 40-foot long transit coach developed under this contract, and it incorporates the best available technology for improvement of mass transit transportation in urban U.S.A. Installation characteristics of the most suitable engines for each of the three prototype TRANSBUS designs (constructed by AM General, General Motors, and Rohr Industries) are presented herein. Listed and illustrated in this report are: (1) the engine compartments of the three prototype TRANSBUS designs; (2) the candidate engines; and (3) the candidate engines fitted into the three prototypes. The results presented herein show that two engine types, the 4-cycle diesel engine and the gas turbine engine, may challenge the Detroit Diesel 2-cycle diesel engine for the transit coach market. Only one gas turbine engine was identified as a possible alternative to the diesel--the Allison GT-404. KW - Analysis KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Diesel engines KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gas turbines KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Passenger transportation KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transbus KW - Turbine engines KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169214 AU - Babb, L V AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GENERAL VEHICLE TEST INSTRUMENTATION MANUAL PY - 1977/09 SP - 243 p. AB - A General Vehicle Test System (GVTS) has been developed by the Transportation Systems Center to facilitate rail transit vehicle testing at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado. This system was designed to be responsive to requirements specified in the report General Vehicle Test Plan (GVTP) for Urban Rail Transit Cars (PB-250 575). The purpose of this manual is to describe the instrumentation system (Part 1) of the GVTS and the standardized techniques to be employed to ensure the acquisition of valid test data using the system. The GVTS includes measurement systems for vehicle voltage, current, acceleration/vibration, pressure, temperature, displacement, strain and test reference data. Each individual measurement system is described in detail in the Appendix of this document. This document presents a system overview of the entire GVTS as well as a summary of the instrumentation systems referenced to the applicable Standard Outputs of the GVTP. It also describes signal monitor and calibration equipment and electrical shielding and grounding techniques. Descriptions of the supporting documentation file, the inventory control system, and miscellaneous system notes are also included. References are listed in this report. A companion document, General Vehicle Test Instrumentation Evaluation (PB-269 598), reports the results of evaluative tests performed on the instrumentation systems. KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Instrument characteristics KW - Instrumentation KW - Interference KW - Inventory control KW - Measuring instruments KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176582 AU - Sen, A AU - University of Illinois, Chicago TI - URBAN CORRIDOR TRIP DISTRIBUTION MODELS: A STUDY OF THE CHICAGO AREA USING THE CENSUS UTPP DATA PY - 1977/09 SP - 73 p. AB - This review focuses on the historical application of the Newtonian gravity formula to model human spatial interaction. The purpose of trip distribution models is to forecast an origin-destination (O-D) matrix. Several different models are briefly discussed herein. However, the trip distribution model highlighted in this report is the gravity model. This report consists of four major segments: 1) a theoretical discussion of the gravity model demonstrating how it can be interpreted as a dual logit model; 2) a discussion of the history of trip distribution models; 3) a practical discussion of the difficulties of calibrating the gravity model using least squares procedures; and 4) an empirical evaluation of alternative calibration methods. The methods evaluated include several variations of regression and elementary analyses, such as weighted regression to correct for heteroscedasticity. Also median and mean elementary analyses are examined; both two-way and three-way. Even though some of the results are not final, two-way elementary analyses using means with the resulting residuals regressed against corridor segment distances, appears to hold the most promise. /UMTA/ KW - Calibration KW - Census KW - Forecasting KW - Gravity models KW - History KW - Least squares method KW - Matrices (Mathematics) KW - Origin and destination KW - Regression analysis KW - Transportation corridors KW - Trip distribution KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70065 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175472 AU - Blevins, R W AU - Gebhard, J W AU - Hanes, R M AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RIDER BEHAVIOR ON AN IN-LINE ACCELERATING WALKWAY PY - 1977/09 SP - 36 p. AB - This UMTA-sponsored study was conducted under contract from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The existing prototype walkway at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), an experimental tool, is the only in-line system available. This study was undertaken as part of an overall assessment of accelerating moving walk systems by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. In this report bunching is defined as the crowding of pedestrians to such an extent that free movement is severely restricted. This report evaluates and presents bunching as a potential problem on in-line accelerating walkways. If riders move forward on the constant-speed section, they may be spaced uncomfortably close together during deceleration at the exit when the standing area is decreased due to a reduction in the treadway surface. This report studies the problem of bunching by a review of the available literature, an examination of pedestrian area occupancies, a demonstration of the behavior of 20 middle-aged riders on an engineering model of such a walkway, and an interview. It was concluded that bunching on an accelerating moving walkway requires a specialized set of conditions that normally would not occur, particularly if the problem is recognized and suggested pedestrian controls are introduced to limit the effect. KW - Accelerating (Process) KW - Accelerating agents KW - Behavior KW - Bunching KW - Bunching (Vehicles) KW - Conveyors KW - Environmental engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - Sidewalks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172092 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DATA FOR 173 URBANIZED AREAS BETWEEN 50,000 AND 200,000 POPULATION PY - 1977/08/11 SP - 5 p. AB - This Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) listing of the 173 urbanized areas between 50,000 and 200,000 population identifies all transit operations (184) serving within those areas. /GMRL/ KW - Administration KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167373 AU - Gruver, G W AU - Hoffman Information Identification, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC SIGNPOST AVM SYSTEM. VOLUME I. TEST RESULTS PY - 1977/08 SP - 331 p. AB - The report covers the activities of Phase I which involved the installation and test of a HI3 AVM System in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during the winter of 1976-1977. A summary report on all systems tested is Experiments on four different techniques for automatically locating land vehicles (PB-270 951). Phase I tests were divided into two primary categories: (1) random-route tests (police, paratransit, taxi, etc.), and (2) fixed-route (transit). In the random-route tests, the system showed the capability of locating the vehicle to within 282 feet, at 95 percent of the sample points under a wide range of urban and environmental conditions. In the fixed-route tests, an odometer and 15 signposts provided the vehicle's location to within 105 feet at 95 percent of the sample points along a 13-mile route. The time of passage of designated bus schedule 'timepoint' was automatically determined to within 11 seconds 95 percent of the time. Phase I consists of two volumes: Volume I: Test Results contains a description of all test configurations, test procedures, location algorithms, data processing, and test results; Volume II: Appendix contains the test log sheets, test data, and data processing results corresponding to all Phase I tests. KW - Automation KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Ground vehicles KW - Information processing KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Position finding KW - Position fixing KW - Routes KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167288 AU - Pue, A J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STATE-CONSTRAINED APPROACH TO VEHICLE-FOLLOWER CONTROL FOR SHORT-HEADWAY AGT SYSTEMS PY - 1977/08 SP - 123 p. AB - Vehicle-following in an automated-guideway transit (AGT) system is a longitudinal control scheme where the state of a given vehicle is determined by the behavior of the preceding vehicle. The study represents the initial phase of an investigation that is to be continued in order to determine the feasibility of implementing a state-constrained vehicle-following controller into a real system. The report documents an investigation into the automatic longitudinal control of vehicles using a vehicle-follower strategy in the short-headway range operation (0.5 to 3 s). The study states that at short time headways a kinematic constraint on vehicle operation arises as a consequence of the velocity, acceleration, and jerk limits imposed to assure passenger comfort. This constraint requires a trailing vehicle to maintain a spacing such that it may react to nominal preceding-vehicle maneuvers without collisions and without exceeding service jerk and acceleration limits. A nonlinear feedback controller is designed to force the vehicle to follow the kinematically required spacing until the desired headway is attained. The design is based on a technique that uses an optimal feedback control with state constraints. Several suboptimal controls with reduced informational requirements are also presented, thus producing an easily instrumentable controller that properly responds to all possible nominal maneuvers of a preceding vehicle. This report concludes that the technique presented has shown to admit a workable solution to the vehicle-following problem at short headways. KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Electronic control KW - Feedback control KW - Kinematics KW - Optimization KW - Safety KW - Spacing KW - Speed control KW - Traffic control KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174673 AU - Crain, J AU - Glazer, L J AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAN BERNARDINO FREEWAY EXPRESS BUSWAY EVALUATION OF MIXED-MODE OPERATIONS INTERIM REPORT - STAGE 1 PY - 1977/08 SP - 97 p. AB - The report evaluates mixed mode operations on the San Bernardino Freeway Express Busway. Carpools having three or more occupants, and vanpools began sharing the Busway with buses in October 1976. Preliminary findings for the first eight months of operation using the easterly seven mile segment of the Busway are documented. Carpool volumes have grown to about 900 cars per peak four hour period and have an observed occupancy of 3.3 persons per car, or about 3000 daily carpoolers. Bus ridership has not been noticeably affected, and total person-volumes over the 4-hour peak now slightly exceed the average volume on one adjacent freeway lane. During the one-hour peak, it is about double the person-volume and is still well below capacity. About 30 percent of carpoolers surveyed felt that their carpool formed because the busway opened for carpool use. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - California KW - Evaluation KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Level of service KW - Parking facilities KW - Public opinion KW - Railroad stations KW - Services KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168917 AU - Gruver, G W AU - Hoffman Information Identification, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC SIGNPOST AVM SYSTEM. VOLUME II. APPENDIX PY - 1977/08 SP - 339 p. AB - The application of Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) to enhance the management of mobile resources has, in recent years, become a subject of continued interest to all types of fleet vehicle operations. This report covers the activities of Phase I which involved the installation and test of a HI3 AVM System in the City of Philadelphia during the winter of 1976-1977. These tests represent the most extensive tests ever performed on an AVM system which can locate vehicles which operate either as fixed-route vehicles (transit) or as random-route vehicles (police, para-transit, taxi, etc.). Volume I of this report contains a description of all test configurations, test procedures, location algorithms, data processing, and test results. This Appendix contains the test log sheets, test data and detailed data processing results corresponding to all Phase I tests. Section 2 of this Appendix is an executive summary of the Phase I program. Section 3 contains pertinent random-route data and data processing results. Section 4 contains fixed-route data and data processing results. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Automatic tracking KW - Data KW - Evaluation KW - Field tests KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Ground vehicles KW - Information processing KW - Location KW - Monitoring KW - Position fixing KW - Routes KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199016 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STAGGERED WORK HOURS STUDY. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STAGGERED WORK HOURS IN MANHATTAN. VOLUME III - STAGGERED WORK HOURS MANUAL--PHASE 1 PY - 1977/08 SP - 34 p. AB - The report, Volume III, is intended to present an overall methodology for designing, implementing, and evaluating a staggered work hours program in an urban area. This volume is organized to cover the most important considerations involved in setting up a program in order to provide decision makers with the guidelines and tools necessary to first identify the need for a program, and then to promote, implement, and evaluate it. KW - Decision making KW - Employment KW - Flexibility KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Manuals KW - New York (New York) KW - Passengers KW - Peak capacities KW - Peak periods KW - Personnel management KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered hours KW - Staggered work hours KW - Traffic KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199014 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STAGGERED WORK HOURS STUDY. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STAGGERED WORK HOURS IN MANHATTAN. VOLUME I - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY--PHASE 1 PY - 1977/08 SP - 73 p. AB - The concept of staggered work hours is a proven "low capital-intensive" method of reducing transportation congestion. Experience has shown that the staggered work hours program in Manhattan has not only reduced congestion on transportation systems, but has improved efficiency in business operations by reducing lobby congestion and improved employee attendance, punctuality and morale, all of which are additional non-cost benefits. The objective of this study was not only to further the staggered work hours program in the New York-New Jersey region, but also to determine means and methods to assist other communities in establishing their own staggered work hours program. This report, Volume I, provides a concise description of the work conducted during the study and includes the principle findings, a comparison of staggered work hours, flexible work hours, the four-day work week, and highlights the state-of-the-art of staggered work hours programs in the United States and abroad, based on a comprehensive survey of more than 200 cities throughout the world. KW - Attitudes KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Employment KW - Flexibility KW - Implementation KW - New York (New York) KW - Passengers KW - Peak capacities KW - Peak periods KW - Personnel management KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered hours KW - Staggered work hours KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199015 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STAGGERED WORK HOURS STUDY. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STAGGERED WORK HOURS IN MANHATTAN. VOLUME II - TECHNICAL REPORT--PHASE 1 PY - 1977/08 SP - 415 p. AB - The report, Volume II, consists of ten chapters which discuss in detail, broad categories such as the state-of-the-art survey, criteria for staggered work hours, work schedule surveys, design and implementation procedures for a successful program, transportation surveys and analysis, attitude surveys, and an evaluation of three different work schedule concepts -- staggered work hours, flexible work hours, and the four-day workweek. Each chapter follows the same pattern of four major sections: objectives; work performed; analysis; and recommendations. KW - Attitudes KW - Employment KW - Evaluation KW - Flexibility KW - Four day week KW - Implementation KW - New York (New York) KW - Passengers KW - Peak capacities KW - Peak periods KW - Personnel management KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered hours KW - Staggered work hours KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89404 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314461 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Ruiter, E AU - Stuart, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY - MILWAUKEE. VOLUME 3: TRANSIT SKETCH PLANNING MANUAL PY - 1977/08 SP - 162 p. AB - This study analyzes the operation, economics, and impacts of dual mode transit systems in an urban case study setting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A dual mode transit system is one which utilizes vehicles capable of driverless (automated) operation on a reserved guideway and manual operation over streets and highways. Therefore, this system is theoretically capable of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. This volume, Volume 3, describes the quasi-manual model used in the study, which can be used as a sketch planning model in other applications. A primarily manual sketch planning model for transit systems is developed, using only two computer steps (UTPS program UMODEL and UROAD) in a very simple application. Capabilities to quickly model a wide range of transit technologies and operating policies are built into the model. Default cost, environmental, and demand parameters are included. KW - Analysis KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Case studies KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economic analysis KW - Guideways KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Planning KW - Streets KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150997 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314437 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Ruiter, E AU - Stuart, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY - MILWAUKEE. VOLUME 2: TECHNICAL APPENDICES PY - 1977/08 SP - 332 p. AB - This study analyzes the operation, economics, and impacts of dual mode transit systems in an urban case study setting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A dual mode transit system is one which utilizes vehicles capable of driverless (automated) operation on a reserved guideway and manual operation over streets and highways. Therefore, this system is theoretically capable of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. This volume, Volume 2, describes the methodology and background data used in the study. KW - Analysis KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Case studies KW - Computer programming KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economic analysis KW - Guideways KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314460 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Ruiter, E AU - Stuart, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY - MILWAUKEE. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PLANNING ANALYSIS PY - 1977/08 SP - 428 p. AB - This study analyzes the operation, economics, and impacts of dual mode transit systems in an urban case study setting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A dual mode transit system is one which utilizes vehicles capable of driverless operation on a reserved guideway and manual operation over streets and highways. Therefore, this system is theoretically capable of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. The study is exemplary for at least three reasons: (1) the innovative methods for examining futuristic technology is an actual urban setting; (2) the interaction of the researchers with a group of technical experts from government and industry; and (3) the high quality and comprehensiveness of the report. In this report both manual and computerized sketch planning model systems are developed to analyze dual mode systems and a parametric analysis strategy is developed. This volume, Volume 1, describes key results of the study and only a brief summary of methodology is given. KW - Analysis KW - Case studies KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guideways KW - Highways KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Planning KW - Strategy KW - Streets KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178252 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SAN DIEGO WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE BUS STUDY--INTERIM REPORT PY - 1977/08 SP - 50 p. AB - This study was performed as part of a series of wheelchair accessible bus implementation. It describes the implementation and early operation of a pilot project of fixed-route, wheelchair accessible bus service. An update of the information contained in this paper is planned in the near future. In 1976, the San Diego Transit Corporation (SDTC), implemented a pilot program to demonstrate the need for a bus wheelchair lift. Two heavily patronized routes were selected for this service. During the first week of the service, ridership averaged slightly less than two trips per day. Shortly thereafter, ridership had dropped to about one person per week. The factors that may explain this include: (1) a lack of advertising of the lift service due to budget constraints; (2) the limited origins and destinations served by wheel chair buses; (3) the difficulty of accessing the bus stops or destinations near the bus stops due to street curbs and hilly terrain; (4) the competition from social service agency transportation services and from the City of San Diego Dial-A-Ride; and (5) the initial unreliability of the service due to late delivery of some of the vehicles and the absence of a back-up vehicle when the lift design improvements were being incorporated. In this study all relevant aspects of the current operation are covered, such as service and equipment, level of service, economics, demand, impacts, attitudes, and implications for transferability. The report also contains Appendix A, which is a Dial-A-Ride Passenger Survey. The conclusion is that the life is workable, and is being continually improved, but that a true measure of handicapped and elderly ridership will not be determined until a major portion of the external travel barriers are removed. /Author/ KW - Accessibility KW - Attitudes KW - Buses KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Economics KW - Horizontal curvature KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Origin and destination KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176576 AU - Fielding, G J AU - DAVE Systems TI - SHARED-RIDE TAXI COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS STUDY SN - MA-06-0054 PY - 1977/08 SP - 53 p. AB - The technical problem of scheduling and routing shared-ride taxi service is so great that only computers can handle it efficiently. This study is concerned with defining the requirements of such a computer system. The major objective of this study is to develop the system requirements and perform a functional design of the computer control system (CCS) for an automated shared-ride taxi (SRT) system. A SRT operation using a CCS offers a potential for increased taxi dispatching efficiency, improved driver productivity and profitability, improved quality of service, integration of taxis into areawide transit, and improved mobility for the transportation disadvantaged. This interim report describes progress on the study and indicates major findings to date. It is an executive-level summary, and it does not attempt to include all information or justify all statements. Rather, it is an overview of accomplishments leading to a concluding section which outlines preliminary system design requirements. These requirements are subject to change since the work in many areas is not yet complete. The Appendices consist of a Bibliography and a Report of Inventions. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic control KW - Control systems KW - Design KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Information processing KW - Personnel performance KW - Productivity KW - Profits KW - Ridesharing KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70062 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176557 AU - Gilbert, G AU - University of North Carolina, Charlotte TI - ESTABLISHING INNOVATIVE TAXICAB SERVICES: A GUIDEBOOK PY - 1977/08 SP - 69 p. AB - Similar to the dilemma facing transit operators, taxi operators face rising costs and disappearing profits. This report reflects the view that recent changes within both the taxi and transit industries have made transportation planners aware of the potential of taxis for alleviating urban mobility problems and taxi operations aware of the necessity of being a part of the local transportation planning process. This document is intended to serve as a guidebook for local planners and public officials who wish to integrate taxi services into the mix of local transit services. It attempts to outline how to establish innovative taxi operated paratransit services. The focus is on the problems which face local transportation/public officials rather than taxi operators. Both conventional and innovative taxicab services in the United States are examined. Based upon this examination, guidelines are developed for establishing similar innovative services elsewhere. This report is organized around four topics: Background information of the taxi industry (focus is on economics of taxi operations); Description of taxi service innovations; Practical details of implementing innovative taxi services (focus is on contracts between public agencies and private operators); and Evaluation of innovative paratransit services. KW - Coordination KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Manuals KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313134 AU - Wallace, P S AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSIT: CRIME AND RELATED PROBLEMS - A BRIEF HISTORICAL REVIEW, 1850-1977, WITH ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/08 SP - 101 p. AB - The paper reviews criminal activity involving public transit systems from 1850-1977. It shows that the type of crime evolved from primarily non-violent, e.g., pickpocketing, prior to 1930 to violent, e.g., assaults-robbery after 1930. Attempts by transit systems to cope with the problem through legislation, police, public relations, and modern technology is described herein. The bibliography presents in one document references to data associated with urban transit security. Bibliographical entries, in this report, are annotated, and indexed by author, periodical, subject, title, and foreign references. It is organized into eight parts: (1) Theses and Books; (2) Government Reports; (3) Private Reports; (4) Periodical Articles; (5) Newspaper Articles; (6) Unpublished Papers, Reports, and Speeches; (7) Legislative and Legal Documents; and (8) Suggested Readings. Instructions for obtaining cited items is included. KW - Bibliographies KW - Crimes KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Passenger security KW - Police KW - Prevention KW - Protection KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reviews KW - Security KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174731 AU - Faddick, R R AU - Martin, J W AU - Colorado School of Mines AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP ON MATERIALS HANDLING FOR TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION HELD AT KEYSTONE, COLORADO ON AUGUST 3-5, 1977 PY - 1977/08 SP - 291 p. AB - With the anticipated increases in tunnel construction in the next decade greater demands will be made on transportation systems to remove tunnel muck at rates consistent with tunnel excavation rates. Conventional materials-handling systems such as rail, rubber-tire vehicles, and conveyors will have to expand their capabilities. Simultaneously, hybrid and lesser known systems such as pneumatic and slurry pipelines must be considered as potential systems for muck haulage, particularly since they show substantial promise of being capable of transporting the muck volumes projected for the next decade. A workshop entitled, 'Materials Handling for Tunnel Construction', was held August 3, 4, 5, 1977 at Keystone, Colorado. Experts were invited from the construction, metal and non-metal mining industries. The participants evaluated the state of the art of materials-handling systems for underground construction, exchanged information on current systems applications and research, itemized research needs, and produced a written summary of their conclusions. This report comprises the proceedings of the workshop. KW - Bulk cargo handling KW - Bulk carriers KW - Bulk transporters KW - Cargo handling equipment KW - Coal mining KW - Construction KW - Conveyors KW - Excavating equipment KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation equipment KW - Excavation technology KW - Materials management KW - Mattresses KW - Mattresses (Foundations) KW - Meetings KW - Mining KW - Mining equipment KW - Pipeline transportation KW - State of the art studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Underground KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172060 AU - Pokorny, A J AU - Briefel, H AU - Fairchild Space and Electronic Company TI - REPORT ON PHASE I TESTS OF FAIRCHILD AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) SYSTEM SN - FR-77-372 PY - 1977/08 SP - 188 p. AB - During the winter of 1976-77 four different techniques for automatically locating land vehicles were tested in both the low and high-rise regions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The tests were carried out by four different companies under separate contract to the Transportation Systems Center. These tests were designed to evaluate the four techniques for their applicability as location subsystems for automatic vehicle monitoring (AVM) systems. The overall objective of this AVM program is to design, implement, and operate an area-wide multi-user AVM system in Los Angeles (Phase II) for the purpose of making a quantitative evaluation of AVM effectiveness for transit, paratransit, and other AVM users. A summary report on all four systems is availble and titled: Experiments on Four Different Techniques for Automatically Locating Land Vehicles (PB-270951). This document contains the results obtained by one of the contractors, Fairchild Industries, and covers the activities of Phase I which involved the instrumenting of a section of downtown Philadelphia with approximately 140 signposts. Part of the allocated section was used for tests applicable to fixed-route (transit) systems, and part was used for random-route applications (police cars, taxis, paratransit, etc.). In addition to the Philadelphia tests a series of separate engineering tests were performed at the Fairchild Plant in Germantown, Maryland. This Fairchild report states that the complete exercise served a two-fold purpose: 1) it proved the reliability of AVM systems and, 2) it performed as an invaluable learning tool from which all parties will profit. /Author/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Contractors KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Testing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169261 AU - Schneider, J B AU - Noguchi, T AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT'S ROLE IN THE CREATION OF THE POLYCENTRIC CITY: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT PY - 1977/08 SP - 256 p. AB - The report investigates the role of transit in aiding the implementation of land use plans that call for the creation of major diversified centers in the outer city. The polycentric city concept is defined and illustrated by reference to regional planning work in the Twin Cities of Minnesota. Arguments for and against the concept are outlined and the results of a survey relating to the present status of the concept are presented. An evaluation framework is developed and applied in visits to ten American and two Canadian urban regions. The most interesting work on this topic was found in Vancouver, B.C., and Toronto, Ontario. Other interesting work has been done in the Twin Cities and San Diego. The results of the field work are summarized and seven specific examples of noteworthy progress toward the development of outer city centers of significant scale are described. KW - California KW - Canada KW - Evaluation KW - Land use KW - Land use planning KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Minnesota KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Toronto (Canada) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322272 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Ruiter, E AU - Stuart, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY--MILWAUKEE VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PLANNING ANALYSIS PY - 1977/08 SP - 428 p. AB - Today's transportation planner confronts ever-changing issues and options within a variety of planning contexts. To provide assistance, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Planning Methods and Support Program researches, develops, and distributes planning tools. These tools include the documentation of novel planning These tools include the documentation of novel planning studies, new design, forecasting techniques, and research results. This study analyzes the operation, economics, and impacts of dual mode transit systems in an urban case study setting in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A dual mode transit system is one which utilizes vehicles capable of driverless operation on a reserved guideway and manual operation over streets and highways. Therefore, this system is theoretically capable of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. The study is exemplary for at least three reasons: 1) the innovative methods for examining futuristic technology in an actual urban setting; 2) the interaction of providing no-transfer service to transit patrons. The study is exemplary for at least three reasons: 1) the innovative methods for examining futuristic technology least three reasons: 1) the innovative methods for examining futuristic technology is an actual urban setting; 2) the interaction of the researchers with a group of technical experts from government and industry; and 3) the high quality and comprehensiveness of the report. In this report both manual and computerized sketch planning model systems are developed to analyze dual mode systems and a parametric analysis strategy is developed. The study finds that most transit operating policies cannot effectively utilize the no-transfer capability of dual mode vehicles and that only a very high service-level strategy can utilize that capability. "Best" values of station spacing, guideway extent, speed, feeder area management, fare policy, etc., are alos determined from the parametric analysis. Finally, a brief review of dual mode implementation and institutional issues is given. Volume 1, describes key results of the KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Fares KW - Guideways KW - Information processing KW - Level of service KW - Policy KW - Railroad stations KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Speed KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304691 AU - Spenny, C H AU - Clarke, J M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTER PROGRAM (POWREQ) FOR POWER REQUIREMENTS OF MASS TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1977/08 SP - 68 p. AB - This project was performed to develop a computer program suitable for use in systematic analyses requiring estimates of the energy requirements of mass transit vehicles as a function of driving schedules and vehicle size, shape, and gross weight. The Power Requirements (POWREQ) Simulation Model is a computer program that siumulates the energy requirements of a transit vehicle during its execution of a given driving schedule, and was designed to operate on the TSC DEC-10 Operating System either in batch mode or in time-sharing mode via remote terminals. The POWREG Simulation Program was programmed in the Fortran IV compiler language for execution on the DEC-10 by a series of commands input by the user. The user is provided the capability of analyzing the effects of various types of driving schedules and road profiles on energy requirements. A CALCOMP plotting routine is provided so that the user, if desired, can request graphs illustrating the time variation of the important parameters. The graphs will be generated off-line. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Constants KW - Drag KW - Equations of motion KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Power KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Rolling friction KW - Shape KW - Simulation KW - Size KW - Time KW - Time constant KW - Transit vehicles KW - Travel time KW - Velocity KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178250 AU - Douglass, R L AU - Freedman, J A AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - ALCOHOL-RELATED CASUALTIES AND ALCOHOL BEVERAGE MARKET RESPONSE TO BEVERAGE ALCOHOL AVAILABILITY POLICIES IN MICHIGAN. VOLUME I PY - 1977/08 SP - 124 p. AB - The research reported is an examination of the consequences of the 18-year-old drinking age in Michigan on traffic crash involvements between 1972 and 1975. Also the interaction of retail alcohol availability with the lower legal drinking age is analyzed. Crash data representing Michigan and specific subunits of Michigan were used. Comparisons of different age groups with time-series analyses isolated a persistent traffic accident increase among 18-20-year-old drivers. Analyses of data provided by the Michigan Liquor Control Commission revealed that may factors affect the number of retail sales applications that are approved for different types of alcohol beverage licensure. These factors include legislation, court decisions, policy and repeating events such as the U.S. Census. The lower legal drinking age has been responsible for at least 4600 alcohol-related crash involvements between 1972 and 1975, of which at least 89 included at least one fatality. The availability of beverage alcohol increased at or about the same time that the legal drinking age became 18 and the volume of beer, wine and distilled spirits increased steadily during the time period. Draught beer consumption increased significantly probably directly associated with the lower legal drinking age. /HSRI/ KW - Age KW - Alcohols KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Availability KW - Crash rates KW - Drunk driving KW - Laws KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Supply KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic crashes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178242 AU - O'Day, J AU - Huang, Liysheng AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR A DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES TASK FINAL REPORT PY - 1977/08 SP - 36 p. AB - This report was prepared in connection with a broader study of the opportunities and risks associated with a demonstration program defined by the Congress of the United States in the Electric and Hybrid Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1976. This report has been used in the preparation of the interim report of the Opportunity and Risk Assessment (OPRA) program conducted under the direction of the Purdue University Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies. The problems addressed by this particular part of that study are to develop estimates of the number of accidents, injuries, and fatalities which might obtain in an electric and hybrid vehicle demonstration program of varying constitution, number, and time. In order to derive such an estimate, we have referred to existing accident data banks for small internal combustion engine cars operating primarily in urban areas, and have extrapolated from that data to some assumed electric vehicle populations. In addition, we have considered some particular problems of electric vehicles which might produce new dangers, such as electric shock, battery acid, and low acceleration capability. The desirability of imposing existing or new safety standards on these vehicles is considered. It is concluded that most of the current motor vehicle safety standards would have to be modified or waived in part in order for electric vehicles to satisfy the letter of the law. The preliminary analysis presented here indicates that selected waiving of safety regulations would not significantly increase the probability of serious injury and death in urban applications. Further, it is concluded that the process of developing such regulations at this time specifically for the electric and hybrid vehicles could substantially delay production and increase costs of the vehicles, and that this delay would not be consistent with the intent of the demonstration program. /HSRI/ KW - Crash rates KW - Electric vehicles KW - Fatalities KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Injuries KW - Internal combustion engines KW - Laws KW - Safety KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00173903 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT OF FARE COLLECTION ON BUS DESIGN PY - 1977/08 SP - n.p. AB - Tabulated data of mid-1977 transit fares in major U.S. metropolitan areas are presented. The cash base fare, base fare change, zone changes, student and senior citizen basefare are included in this presentation. A bibliography divided into two chapters is also included. Chapter 1 is devoted to United States documents and is arranged alphabetically by the company/organization which authored the document. Chapter 2 contains all International documents which are separated into sections alphabetically by country. Within these sections, the documents are arranged alphabetically by author. KW - Aged KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus transportation KW - Design KW - Fares KW - Students KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169247 AU - One America, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY PY - 1977/07/25 SP - 260p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167352 AU - Stearn, M D AU - Cooper, E AU - Schaeffer, K H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1977/07 SP - 77 p. AB - The report documents a novel methodology and analysis procedure for measuring a program's effect, and it is based on data from case studies of a representative group of twenty urban areas, conducted during 1976, which are reported in a companion report titled: Transportation Planning Effectiveness: Twenty Case Studies. The twenty urban areas represent all UMTA regions, a range of population sizes, residential densities, and demographic characteristics. The case studies are reported in a uniform format which focuses on transportation planning effectiveness but also includes the urban areas' socio-economic and travel characteristics, transit and transportation planning history. Specifically, the study reports the influence of Technical Study Grants on transportation planning effectiveness which is measured by the development of professional planning capability, acquisition of new capital equipment, introduction of new or improved services with existing facilities, and alterations in the local institutional climate. KW - City planning KW - Level of service KW - Research management KW - Services KW - Sociology KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167290 AU - Munkasey, M P AU - Noonchester, M L AU - O'Sullivan, D F AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Washington Metro Area Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN AUTOMATED INFORMATION DIRECTORY SYSTEM (AIDS)-REVIEW AND SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1977/07 SP - 166 p. AB - An Automated Information Directory System (AIDS) will provide assistance to transit systems in disseminating transit information to patrons by telephone. This document presents the performance and technical specifications for AIDS, an Urban Mass Transportation Administration-sponsored project, to be demonstrated and evaluated in service at the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). The objective of this demonstration is to develop and evaluate a usable and effective computer aided transit information system that can be used throughout the United States, particularly where properties operate a complex transit network. KW - Automation KW - Computer programming KW - Consumer protection KW - Directories KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Networks KW - Performance based specifications KW - Public transit KW - Quality of work KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Telephone KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167285 AU - Price, J P AU - Kornhauser, A AU - Phillips, J AU - Gellman Research Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY DELIVERY FOR A NEW PARATRANSIT VEHICLE PY - 1977/07 SP - 99 p. AB - The report reflects the view that a number of technological opportunities are available for solving the long-standing American transportation need--a large, comfortable taxicab/paratransit vehicle, and that the success of the paratransit program may depend on the technology delivery process. The report highlights the need to take the existing state-of-the-art vehicle technology and to convert it into a disseminated vehicle in the marketplace so that it would be profitable to manufacturers, operators, and users. It focuses specifically on the barriers to delivering a new paratransit vehicle to the industry; it identifies the key issues which will become relevant in the future, as innovators attempt to market a vehicle, and its concomitant services, to the riding public. The report outlines UMTA's role with delivering this new technology into the marketplace for paratransit services through the sponsorship of a demonstration project for approximately 200 vehicles, that is, a demonstration that reflects the real world of revenue service of this vehicle. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Aged KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Innovation KW - Manufacturing KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public opinion KW - Public service vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Taxicabs KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167298 AU - Wright, R D AU - Whitten, R P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Alden Self-transit Systems Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF SHORT RAMPS FOR DUAL-MODE AND PRT STATIONS PY - 1977/07 SP - 125 p. AB - The report is the result of continuing efforts to understand the safe-headway trade-offs for Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) and dual-mode systems. It adds a new dimension to the traditional interactions among control complexity, safety, and acceleration. Analyses and computer programs are developed to determine how short it is possible to make the ramps leading into and out of off-line PRT stations. Simplified reference solutions are obtained and results are presented for state-of-the-art, improved, and advanced system parameters. Potential savings in the costs of stations are very large, due to the high construction cost of station ramps. Both point-follower and vehicle-follower control systems are considered. For point-follower control systems, the acceleration ramp can usually be eliminated. For vehicle-follower control systems, small deviations in the speed of through cars allows both acceleration ramps and deceleration ramps to be appreciably shortened. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Advanced systems KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic train protection KW - Control systems KW - Electronic control KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Ramps KW - Safety KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Traffic control KW - Train protection KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172064 AU - One America, Incorporated TI - A STUDY OF MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY VOLUME II--DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISE PROGRAMS FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT PROPERTIES: A MANUAL PY - 1977/07 SP - 68 p. AB - UMTA's Office of Civil Rights (UCR) commissioned this 3-volumed study to establish a data base on the current level of Minority Business Enterprises (MBE) participation in the planning, development, and implementation of transit systms and to recommend changes in enforcement strategies in order to substantilly increase MBE participation. This manual, Volume II, provides guidelines for mass transit properties on developing an effective MBE program. Information and recommendations are provided on the use of transit planning and programming tools in planning the MBE program, goal setting mechanisms, MBE subcontract requirements of prime contractors, communications procedures, staffing needs, and recordkeeping and monitoring methods. This Manual reflects UMTA's Office of Civil Rights' requirements for transit property grantees. These requirements were instituted to implement the Revised Title VI Order issued in 1977. The Appendices contain: Annual Report Form, Quarterly Report Form, Sample Bid Work Sheet, List of MBE Liaison Officers, National Trade and Professional Associations, and Minority Contractors and Technical Assistance Organizations. /Author/ KW - Contracting KW - Guidelines KW - Lean concrete KW - Lean mix concrete KW - Managerial personnel KW - Manuals KW - Minorities KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172063 AU - One America, Incorporated TI - A STUDY OF MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY VOLUME I--ANALYSIS OF MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION PY - 1977/07 SP - 122 p. AB - UMTA's Office of Civil Rights (UCR) commissioned this 3-volumed study to establish a data base on the current level of Minority Business Enterprises (MBE) participation in the planning, development, and implementation of transit systems and to recommend changes in enforcement strategies in order to substantially increase MBE participation. The purpose of this report, Volume I, was to examine the participation by and opportunities for MBE in the urban mass transportation industry. A national survey was conducted and the UMTA Minority Business Enterprise Information Sheet (Appendix A) was developed and distributed to twenty-one transit properties selected by UCR (Table 1). The survey revealed that participation by minority businesses in the urban mass transit industry is minimal. This study examined transit properties' procurement activities from 1974-76, affirmative action plans, and UMTA documents. The study recommends that UCR which monitors transit property minority business programs establish more stringent requirements of grantees, require proposed annual and quarterly transit property reports, institute a priority monitoring system, and take measures to more closely link the minority business program with the UMTA grant funding system. /Author/ KW - Managerial personnel KW - Minorities KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172065 AU - One America, Incorporated TI - A STUDY OF MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY VOLUME III--PUBLIC TRANSIT CONTRACTING OPPORTUNITIES FOR MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISES: A MANUAL PY - 1977/07 SP - 70 p. AB - UMTA"S Office of Civil Rights (UCR) commissioned this 3-volumed study to establish a data base on the current level of Minority Business Enterprises (MBE) participation in the planning, development, and implementation of transit systems and to recommend changes in enforcement strategies in order to substnatially increase MBE participation. This Manual, volume III, provides information on procurement programs, the Title VI Regulations, the contracting procedures utilized by various transit properties, and the names and addresses of MBE Liaison Officers by region. This Manual also contains suggestions for doing business with transit properties relative to the transit/marketing contracting process. A study of MBE procurement activities with 21 transit properties indicated a need to develop this manual. This Manual reflects those elements MBE's need to successfully obtain business from transit properties. The ADDENDA herein contains: Definition of Transit Terms; Selected Active UMTA Grants by Amount and Purpose; Selected MBE Contract Awards; List of MBE Liaison Officers; List of Commonly Procured Items; MBE Marketing Check List; National Trade and Professional Associations List; and Minority Contractors and Technical Assistance Organizations. /Author/ KW - Contracting KW - Fund allocations KW - Managerial personnel KW - Manuals KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/68007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165773 AU - Furniss, R E AU - CACI, Incorporated TI - PRE-DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES OF THE WESTPORT INTEGRATED TRANSIT SYSTEM SN - 1200-25-77 PY - 1977/07 SP - 81 p. AB - In August 1976 the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation awarded a demonstration grant to the Westport Transit District (WTD) to examine the feasibility of combining shared-ride taxi service and other paratransit services with conventional bus services in Westport, Connecticut. This report describes the Westport, Connecticut, Service and Methods Demonstration Project involving integrated transit operations and paratransit services, and documents and assesses the implementation process associated with this demonstration. This report focuses on documenting and assessing the brokerage role performed by the WTD in implementing shared-ride services. The contents include a discussion of the institutional and operational elements involved in contracting with local taxi operators to provide shared-ride service. In addition, arrangements for system maintenance, marketing, and public information dissemination are described. Implications from the Westport pre-demonstration experience are potentially of interest and applicability to other locales. /FHWA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Implementation KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Maintenance KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Sharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165736 AU - Trans Systems Corporation TI - ASSESSMENT OF BATTERY BUSES PY - 1977/07 SP - 156 p. AB - This report presents a comprehensive assessment/survey of the performance of electric battery buses operating in passenger-carrying services in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Australia. The survey assessed 16 different systems from 15 suppliers, operating under 18 public transit authorities. These operations varied from single demonstration vehicles to a fleet of 20 buses which provide all the transit service on three routes. The status of electric battery bus development is reflected in the fact that 57 buses have accumulated more than 3.4 million kilometers (2.1 million miles) in passenger-carrying service. The scope of this report includes visiting the operating organization, description of buses and propulsion systems, operational profiles, operating experience, and analysis of data and conclusions about the problems and constraints in the procurement and operation of electric buses. This study also addresses hybrid propulsion systems such as trolley-battery and diesel-battery hybrids. Hybrid bus systems assessed included the Dornier Duo-Bus, the Mercedes-Benz OE305, and the Tokyo Transportation Bureau models built by Kawaski. This assessment was accomplished through on-site data collection and data analyses. Data analysis included translating the information and reducing the data on performance and technical features to common terms for comparison. The Appendices contain a listing of the contributors to the Electric Battery Bus Assessment as well as a Bibliography. /UMTA/ KW - Bid price indexes KW - Bids KW - Cost indexes KW - Electric buses KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Prices KW - Procurement KW - Storage batteries KW - Surveys KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169227 AU - Shawcroft, R G AU - Horwood, E M AU - Lester, M S AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POTENTIAL FOR BETTERMENT--DISTRICT FINANCING AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS TO SURFACE TRANSIT PY - 1977/07 SP - 65 p. AB - The report proposes a general methodology for evaluating land use and investment activity with respect to land in the vicinity of surface transit facilities. The three major objectives were: (1) to determine if there are incremental benefits accruing to land near bus, trolley, and by inference light rail facilities; (2) to examine equity issues in potential tax benefit districts serving such facilities; and (3) to examine the potential of joint development with respect to surface transit. An underlying objective was the presentation of an interactive spatial analysis system suited to the small-scale study of transit system impacts and relationship to their environment. Primary focus was directed to exploring locations in the vicinity of multiple routes where levels of commercial and multi-family new investment might be particularly high. The study concludes that the use of special benefit districts would be difficult to operationalize and that joint development opportunities are encouraging. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Bus transportation KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Investments KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Light rail transit KW - Public transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Routes KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Taxes KW - Trade KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00168934 AU - Hawkins, W AU - Sussman, E D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF WORKSHOP ON METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSIT CRIME REDUCTION MEASURES IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS, HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS ON MAY 25-28, 1976 PY - 1977/07 SP - 118 p. AB - The workshop focused on current methods of assessing the effectiveness of crime and vandalism reduction methods that are used in conventional urban mass transit systems, and on how they might be applied to new AGT systems. Conventional as well as novel methods of assessment were presented and discussed. Among the major issues discussed were the use of critical incident techniques to assess the community's needs with regard to transit security; the establishment of a board similar to the National Transportation Safety Board, which will focus on security issues; and the role of security specialists and management in transit planning. The imformation herein should be of interest to transit security planners and researchers, law enforcement agencies, planners of AGT systems, and in general those people who are concerned with the problems of crime and vandalism in transit systems. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Crimes KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Methodology KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger security KW - Passengers KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Prevention KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vandalism KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190225 AU - Tratnyek, J P AU - Birkett, J D AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TIME-CALIBRATED, SELF-CANCELLING TICKET. INITIAL FEASIBILITY DETERMINATION SN - C-79480 PY - 1977/07 SP - 92 p. AB - A time-calibrated, self-cancelling ticket is proposed as one means of reducing vehicular traffic congestion in urban areas. In concept, it would be a disposable self-contained, or card-like package, with a built-in clock system, which, at a predetermined time after activation by the user, would measure a predetermined time period and indicate expiration by a color change. This ticket, purchased by the driver and affixed to a vehicle, would provide a time-limit identification system to control road and highway use, as well as on-street and off-street parking. The objective of this study was to develop a practical, reliable, safe, easily produced ticket for the intended purpose, taking into account previous knowledge, as well as ticket for the intended purpose, taking into account previous knowledge, as well as author inputs. The ticket would be required to operate over a temperature range of 0 to 150 deg F. for periods of 2, 4, or 10 hours. Several chemical mechanisms for timekeeping are investigated briefly; however, emphasis is on development of a preferred electrochemical approach. A ticket may have four parts: the signal which indicates activation; the chemical time-clock which determines the specified time period; the signal which communicates the expiration; and the substrate which supports the clock and gives the ticket its form. This study addresses functional parts of the ticket, criteria, proposed routes of development, chemical and electrochemical development, and suggestions for future development. Although the ticket is still in the experimental stage, it meets most of the objectives set forth in this program. However, advancement in design is needed. Relaxed criteria for ticket operation would simplify and accelerate this development. Appendices A and B in the report are: "A Listing of References" and "A Summary of U.S. Patents", respectively. /UMTA/ KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Parking KW - Tickets KW - Timing KW - Traffic lanes KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178796 AU - Clark, J W AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - AN INTERACTIVE SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND DISPLAY SYSTEM PY - 1977/07 SP - 17 p. AB - This paper presents a philosophical discussion of analysis needs when data bases with spatial components are available. A tool, the Interactive Spatial Analysis and Display System (ISADS), has been constructed to aid these needs, and example applications are presented herein to illustrate the use of this tool. ISADS is a computer system designed to aid the experimental, interactive analysis of spatial data. "Experimental, interactive analysis" involves data base browsing, heuristics, and hypothesis formulation and testing conducted in a real time mode using a graphic display terminal. The use of graphic displays as a powerful device for discovering spatial relationships has been fully exploited in ISADS. ISADS is a general-purpose system that can be used with a variety of data base types. At the most primitive level, it is suitable for analysis of data which lacks spatial identification. Its utility becomes evident if the data base is geocoded, permitting the creation of spatial displays and the exploration of spatial relationships. Finally, if a cartographic data base is available, then a variety of types of map overlays is possible, further enhancing the spatial analysis capability. User communication with ISADS is by means of an easily learned, English-language type command structure. The system takes advantage of a commercially available data base management system (DBMS) to simplify the creation, updating, and maintenance of the data base. The DBMS supports a general purpose programming language interface which permits development of new applications within ISADS. /Author/ KW - Computer graphics KW - Databases KW - Displays KW - Information display systems KW - Information processing KW - Interactive graphics KW - Spacial structure UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178244 AU - Grimmm, A C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - PUBLIC ATTITUDES ON RESTRAINT SYSTEMS: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/07 SP - 22 p. AB - Fifty-two annotated citations on attitudes toward restraint systems are provided, grouped into two sections: U.S. studies on air bags or air bags and seat belts, and studies on seat belts only. While the negative factors often associated with both air bags (cost) and seat belts (discomfort/inconvenience) tend to be consistent in the literature, studies dealing with approval of belt use laws show positive attitudes in countries having such legislation, while there is some disagreement on attitudes toward this type of legislation in the U.S. As expected, there is often a positive correlation between seat belt usage and positive attitudes toward them. A large percentage of the population agrees that belts are useful as a safety device; however, a very small percentage actually wears them. /HSRI/ KW - Air bags KW - Attitudes KW - Bibliographies KW - Costs KW - Laws KW - Manual safety belts KW - Occupant restraint KW - Restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178243 AU - Grimm, A C AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS ON RESTRAINT SYSTEM USAGE: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1977/07 SP - 21 p. AB - This annotated bibliography on restraint system public information campaigns provides fifty-four citations grouped into three sections: U.S. studies, Canadian studies, and studies from other countries. While it is impossible to draw any conclusions from this bibliography, a few positive trends may be noted. The greatest of these may be the realization of the need to evaluate public education campaigns. The need for campaigns, because of their expense, is still debated; however, it is generally agreed that well-designed and executed programs do influences people's attitudes. /HSRI/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Attitudes KW - Bibliographies KW - Occupant restraint KW - Public relations KW - Restraint systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169258 AU - Green, M A AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SAN DIEGO TRANSIT STUDY DATA BASE: REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1977/06 SP - 83 p. AB - The manual presents descriptions of the sources and procedures used in compiling a data set for analyzing the impacts of changes in the service and fare policies of the San Diego Transit Corporation (SDTC) bus system over a 40-month period between 1972-1975. The manual describes the data items, the sources of data, the coding procedures, and the creation of computer files. It provides a glossary of terms and concepts adopted in creating and using the data set. The intent of the manual is twofold: (1) to serve as a supplementary reference document to other reports of the Urban Institute's San Diego transit study, and (2) to be a source for those who wish to familiarize themselves with the nature and structure of the computer files. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - California KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Databases KW - Fares KW - Information processing KW - Level of service KW - Manuals KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314065 AU - Costinett, P AU - Hansen, W G AU - O'Doherty, J AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY, ORANGE COUNTY. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PLANNING ANALYSIS PY - 1977/06 SP - 211 p. AB - The volume is one of five which document two separate planning case studies examining the feasibility of dual mode transit systems in (1) Orange County, California, and (2) Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The main objective of this case study was to provide feedback to dual mode system design efforts. Before the dual mode system development proceeded to large-scale demonstration and testing, cost, performance, and demand relationships needed to be investigated analytically so that efficient design characteristics and operating regimes could be prescribed. The study incorporated a full-fledged technical planning analysis in a real urban area assuming that the required dual mode vehicles and control systems were available. Supply and demand relationships were parameterized so that the impacts of variations in factors such as access/egress time, guideway speed, headways, fare level, vehicle size, etc., can be determined. KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fares KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guideways KW - Performance KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Size KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314066 AU - Costinett, P AU - Hansen, W G AU - O'Doherty, J AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY, ORANGE COUNTY. VOLUME 2: METHODOLOGY PY - 1977/06 SP - 381 p. AB - The objectives of this case study are: To provide a feedback to the design effort covering potential problems, critical parameters, and the cost effectiveness of alternative configurations and operating strategies; To produce a documented planning methodology in a "how-to" vein which would be transferable to others for the purpose of planning for such transit systems; and To exercise the UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS) of planning software, to identify and overcome any weaknesses in the software, and to document this for others. KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Software KW - Strategy KW - Supply KW - Supply economics KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175970 AU - Miller, D R AU - Rouse (W.V.) Associates Limited AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EQUITY OF TRANSIT SERVICE. VOLUME I PY - 1977/06 SP - 26 p. AB - Recipients of grants from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) are required to comply with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. The purpose of this research project, conducted for UMTA's Office of Civil Rights, was to develop a set of guidelines for UMTA grant recipients to use in applying for certification of compliance with Title VI. This study presents guidelines for grant recipients to use in submitting proof of compliance with Title VI, and it provides standards for Office of Civil Rights' reviewers to apply to the material submitted to make a determination of compliance. The guidelines and standards were developed after field surveys and pilot testing. KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Grant aid KW - Guidelines KW - Legislation KW - Public transit KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182074 AU - Herniter, J D AU - Rosenthal, S R AU - Welam, U P AU - Boston University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSTRAM: SOURCE LISTING PY - 1977/06 SP - 69 p. AB - The final report (UMTA-MA-06-0073-78-1) of this project is intended as a management oriented guide to the rail vehicle maintenance scheduling problem and to the new model (MASSTRAM) developed for evaluating such schedules. It outlines a three phase project for the development of a conversational computer system for the cost-effective maintenance of heavy equipment in urban mass transit systems. Phases I and II consisted of operations analysis of maintenance activities at selected properties, namely, on maintenance procedures at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Phase III consisted of the development of a model called MASSTRAM (Maintenance Analysis and Scheduling System for Transit Management). KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182073 AU - Herniter, J D AU - Rosenthal, S R AU - Welam, U P AU - Boston University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSTRAM: USER'S MANUAL FOR MASSTRAM PY - 1977/06 SP - 71 p. AB - The final report (UMTA-MA-06-0073-78-1) of this project is intended as a management oriented guide to the rail vehicle maintenance scheduling problem and to the new model (MASSTRAM) developed for evaluating such schedules. It outlines a three phase project for the development of a conversational computer system for the cost-effective maintenance of heavy equipment in urban mass transit systems. Phases I and II consisted of operations analysiss of maintenance activities at selected properties, namely, on maintenance procedures at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Phase III consisted of the development of a model called MASSTRAM (Maintenance Analysis and Scheduling System for Transit Management). KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182072 AU - Herniter, J D AU - Rosenthal, S R AU - Welam, U P AU - Boston University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSTRAM: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR THE COST-EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE OF RAIL EQUIPMENT IN URBAN MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1977/06 SP - 199 p. AB - This document is intended as a management oriented guide to the rail vehicle maintenance scheduling problem and to the new model (MASSTRAM) developed for evaluating such schedules. This final report outlines and discusses a three phase project for the development of a conversational computer system for the cost-effective maintenance of heavy equipment in urban mass transit systems. Phases I and II consisted of operations analysis of maintenance activities at selected properties, namely, on maintenance procedures at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Phase III consisted of the development of a model called MASSTRAM (Maintenance Analysis and Scheduling System for Transit Management). A new model, MASSTRAM, has been designed to be compatible with whatever information system a transit property uses for collecting and storing information on vehicle maintenance and repair activities. MASSTRAM has the ability to evaluate the cost and service loss implications of any specified maintenance strategy, given the prevaling maintenance/breakdown relationships. In addition, the model can be used to generate an 'optimal' preventive maintenance schedule. A 'User's Manual' has been written for MASSTRAM containing detailed explanations of all options available. MASSTRAM is now operational. MBTA plans to incorporate MASSTRAM in their Computerized Maintenance Records System when their system is completed. The value of MASSTRAM rests with the use to which it is put by transit management and staff, and with the ability of information systems to provide the model with up-to-date accurate information in the required formats. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165763 AU - Barrett, J E AU - Cresheim Company, Incorporated TI - INSURANCE FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION PY - 1977/06 SP - 116 p. AB - This report investigates insurance programs for urban transportation construction, including subways, and establishes guidelines by which an authority owner can choose the insurance program which best serves the needs dictated by the conditions and factors of the specific job. An optimal insurance program combines lowest costs, highest standards, and most effective administration. There are many possible tradeoffs, thus, the decision is complex. An analysis of insurance programs is presented; e.g., coordinated and conventional, witholding policies, deductibles, liability, Completed Operations Coverage and other possible coverage combinations. Various forms of insurance are discussed, as are programs for general construction safety. Innovative variations of Coordinated Insurance Programs are explored. The results are decision-making guidelines for owners for managing risk in urban transportation construction. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Construction safety KW - Costs KW - Hazards KW - Insurance KW - Legal factors KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167038 AU - Stearns, M D AU - Schaeffer, K H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT EVALUATION OF MORGANTOWN PRT 1975-1976 RIDERSHIP: INTERIM ANALYSIS PY - 1977/06 SP - 79 p. AB - The Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit System (PRT) is a new type of public transportation system which was built as a research development and demonstration project. The system began passenger service in October 1975, and consists of three stations, 2.1 miles of two-lane guideway, and a 45-vehicle fleet. This report describes the Morgantown PRT system ridership levels and trends during its initial period of operation, the 1975-76 academic year. The analysis measures the impact on ridership of seven operating characteristics: fleet mileage, actual operating hours, system availability, trip reliability, vehicle availability, downtime frequency, and downtime duration. Data were obtained from West Virginia University Management reports on daily ridership, and system operation and analysis included statistical tests of significance and multivariate statistical procedures. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automatic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Statistics KW - Systems analysis KW - Travel demand KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - West Virginia UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33779/33779.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178800 AU - Ford, R H AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - VANPOOLS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION: THEIR LEGISLATIVE BASE, PROMOTION AND POTENTIAL PY - 1977/06 SP - 264 p. AB - This research report reflects the view that vanpooling has emerged as a viable and new form of commuter transportation that can help meet public goals of reduced fuel consumption, air pollution, and congestion while affording benefits to individuals and employers; it is worthy of state attention. The report aims to serve as a general assessment of current legislative interest and state promotional development in vanpooling. Information herein should be useful to the following: federal and state regulatory and legislative bodies; federal, state, and local transportation related agencies; university research groups; and employer organizations with or without ridesharing programs for employees. The objectives of this report are as follows: to draw attention to state vanpool development and legislative action; to catalogue how the fifty states approach their regulation of vanpool operations; to present a compendium of state legislative interest, promotion, and development in vanpooling in a scenario format for use by other states; to present a case study documentation of Minnesota's response to promoting and developing vanpooling as a viable commuter mode; and to offer a package list of employer, legislative, and regulatory actions which should be taken to promote the development of shared-ride services like vanpooling. This report contains a comprehensive bibliography on vanpooling to date. Appendix A contains a glossary of trms; Appendix B is a compendium of state legislative interest, promotion, and development of vanpooling activity; and Appendix C contains the letters sent to State Transportation Committees (50 states), DOT personnel, and Regulatory Body Personnel. /UMTA/ KW - Commuting KW - Electric potential KW - Legislation KW - Potential KW - Regulations KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159321 AU - Shier, D R AU - GILSINN, J F AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATED TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1977/06 SP - 112 p. AB - This report discusses the costs and benefits associated with automating the route-finding portion of a telephone transit information system. The various costs of implementing such a system are categorized and compared with those of a manual system over an appropriate time span using a present value approach. A queueing model, described in the report, is used for computing manpower requirements of the two systems, manual and automated. Outputs of the queueing model for a wide range of input parameters are tabulated in an appendix. Benefits from automating transit information route-finding are discussed, and measures of performance improvement available as output from the queueing model are provided. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automation KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Consumers KW - Economic models KW - Equipment KW - Information systems KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Routing KW - Services KW - Telephone KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176556 AU - JACOBSON, J O AU - University of Washington, Seattle TI - EMPLOYER VANPOOL PROGRAMS: FACTORS IN THEIR SUCCESS OR FAILURE PY - 1977/06 SP - 81 p. AB - This research reflects the view that there are certain characteristics of some employers that made the oepration of a vanpool service for their employees more successful than others. The focus of this study is only upon the employer operated vanpool programs, and the intent is to identify those conditions under which vanpooling operates best. This study aims to identify factors that have made for the success or failure of some employer vanpool programs. Information was obtained from lengthy questionnaires sent to managers of 58 different employer programs; the results of the 58 returns are documented herein. Results show that vanpooling occurs predominantly in outlying regions of the metropolitan areas, among professional and office workers, and not necessarily in organizations with many employees. Management interest played a key role in their existence, and usually no previous carpool program existed. Successful programs were motivated by factors which had some rewards to management. Failures occurred with user, more so than management, apathy. KW - Data collection KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169784 AU - Drosdat, H A AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PERFORMANCE MEASURES: THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN LOCAL FUNDING ALLOCATION PY - 1977/06 SP - 196 p. AB - Transit performance measures (TPM's) are the values of variables associated with transit performance, with respect to the vehicle, the service, use of the service, the costs of the service, and the social, economic and environmental impacts of the various elements of the physical systems. Urban transportation issues of interest in this study relate to the subvention of tax monies, whether state or federally collected. The main problem addressed is the development of meaningful TPM's for funding allocation. Other problems deal with difficulties in the use of TPM's, once evolved. This report should interest policy-makers dealing with the subvention of funds to local transit properties. A case study (CalTrans) is presented that provides a pragmatic feedback to the TPM evaluation presented. The report concludes that the utility of TPM's has been overestimated, particularly with regard to their use in allocating funds to individual transit properties. KW - Allocations KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost engineering KW - Environment KW - Environmental impacts KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Quality of work KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subsidies KW - Taxes KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169300 AU - Gehner, C D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UTILIZING GEOGRAPHIC BASEFILES FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSES: A NETWORK BASEFILE SYSTEM PY - 1977/06 SP - 46 p. AB - The existence of geographic base files (GBF) for most large urban areas offers a significant resource for the network models required for many transportation studies. The thrust of the Network Basefile System (NETBASIS) development, underway at the University of Washington since 1974, is to build upon the existing GBF data resource (which has been operational for the city of Seattle for many years) and to provide a general purpose transportation network data base together with the required data manipulation and display software. The purpose of this paper is to present a status report on the NETBASIS development as of June 1977. KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Geography KW - Information systems KW - Interactive graphics KW - Interstate graphics KW - Maps KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Soil deposits KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Transported soils KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165751 AU - Blood, B E AU - Kliem, BWA AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EXPERIMENTS ON FOUR DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR AUTOMATICALLY LOCATING LAND VEHICLES: A SUMMARY OF RESULTS SN - MA-06-0041 PY - 1977/06 SP - 51 p. AB - In 1975, to further the development and to refine and dmonstrate multiuser Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) application, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration and the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) initiated a two-phase program. Phase I of this AVM program was completed in March 1977. The Phase I objective was to formally test four different vehicle-location concepts against a technical performance specification prepared by TSC. Phase II of the AVM program will involve the selection of one of the tested location methods, the detailed design of an overall AVM system, and its deployment in a major urban area for test and evaluation in bus-transit and police operations. During the winter of 1976-1977, four different technical methods for automatically locating surface vehicles were tested in both high and low-rise regions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvnaia. The tests were designed to evaluate the methods for their applicability as location subsystems of AVM systems. Two "signpost" concepts, one utilizing semi-passive transponders and the other active transmitters as well as two "area-coverage" concepts, one employing Loran-C and the other a pulse trilateration method, were tested. This report (Phase I) outlines the experimental objectives, summarizes the test results and presents the major findings. The Tables in this report chart out the Fairchild, the Hazaltine, the Hoffman, and the Teledyne Test Results. /UMTA/ KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Location KW - Performance based specifications KW - Police KW - Public transit KW - Specifications KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322280 AU - Costinett, P AU - Hansen, W G AU - O'Doherty, J AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DUAL MODE PLANNING CASE STUDY, ORANGE COUNTY. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND PLANNING ANALYSIS PY - 1977/06 SP - 211 p. AB - These volumes document two separate planning case studies examining the feasibility of dual mode transit systems in 1) Orange County, California, and 2) Milwaukee, Wisconsin (UMTA-MA-06-0056-80-1/80-3). The main objective of this case study was to provide feedback to dual mode system design efforts. Before dual mode system development proceeds to large-scale demonstration and testing, cost, performance, and demand relationships need to be investigated analytically so that efficient design characteristics and operating regimes can be prescribed. The study incorporated a full-fledged technical planning analysis in a real urban area assuming that the required dual mode vehicles and control systems were available. The analysis differed from a conventional planning study, however, in that performance, cost, and demand characteristics are not fixed but variable. Supply and demand relationships are parameterized so that the impacts of variations in factors such as access/egress time, guideway speed, headways, fare level, vehicle size, etc., can be determined. The analysis led to a rich array of supply-demand-cost interrelationships useful to system evaluation and design. A secondary objective of the study was to produce a documented planning methodology in a "how-to" vein which will be transferrable to others. The parametric analysis methodology developed incorporated a simplified demand estimation procedure and a comprehensive cost model for estimating capital, operating, and user time costs in response to incremental parameter variations over user specified ranges. The methodology and results are presented and conclusions are discussed in Volume 1. In Volume 2, the methodology and selected results are presented in detail. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Methodology KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165928 AU - St. Paul Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND TENTATIVE SCOPE OF WORK FOR PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES--ST. PAUL DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER DEMONSTRATION PY - 1977/05/03 SP - v.p. AB - The St. Paul system which will demonstrate the federal Downtown People Mover (DPM) program, will incorporate a horizontal elevator type system for circulation within downtown areas, and will complement a growing public skyway system (second-level walkways) and encourage an orderly revitalization of the various activity areas within the dowtown area. This document describes the first phase-Preliminary Engineer--which will provide all materials needed to initiate the design and construction of the DPM. The work tasks are reviewed and include management, coordination with UMTA, community involvement and public information, ridership forecasts and market analysis, preliminary operation plan, bus and DPM integration plan, fringe parking, street and highway improvements, supplier liaison, vehicle and subsystem characteristics, system safety and performance assurance, guideways, stations, patron security planning, advance guideway and station engineering, urban development opportunities, socio-economic impact, cost estimates, benefit-cost, value capture, project schedule, financial plan and cash flow analysis, and the environmental impact assessment statement. The implementation plan is also outlined. KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Guideways KW - Park and ride KW - People movers KW - Public participation KW - Railroad stations KW - Ridership KW - Security KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/58628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158981 AU - SHERRET, A AU - Fan, Haisheng AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development TI - BART IMPACTS ON HIGHWAY TRAFFIC AND TRANSIT RIDERSHIP PY - 1977/05 SP - 165 p. AB - The 71-mile Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System, serving San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, and their suburbs, is the first regional-scale rapid transit system to open in the United States in over 50 years. This report is one of a series assessing the impacts of BART on transportation and travel in the Bay Area. The report documents what changes in aggregate highway traffic volumes, traffic congestion, bus ridership, and bus services have taken place in the four years since BART started service; and assesses the extent to which these changes may be attributable to BART. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.) KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - California KW - Competition KW - Evaluation KW - Highway transportation KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Modal split KW - Passenger transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveys KW - Traffic volume KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166500 AU - Brown, SJJ AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POINT-FOLLOWER AUTOMATIC VEHICLE CONTROL: A GENERIC ANALYSIS PY - 1977/05 SP - 161 p. AB - The three-part study examines the generic characteristics of the point-follower approach to vehicle control for Automated Guideway Transit Systems, under which vehicles are constrained to follow electronic signals that move along the guideway with predetermined speeds and spacings. The first part of the study involves a kinematic analysis of point-follower control during speed transitions and point-transfer maneuvers that are generally required to resolve merge conflicts. The second part consists of a dynamic analysis of point-follower control, formulated as a problem in classic control theory. The final part addresses the traffic merging problem by development of quasi-synchronous control algorithms for resolution of merge conflicts at network intersections of various geometries. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Algorithms KW - Automatic control KW - Electronic control KW - Intersections KW - Kinematics KW - Networks KW - Simulation KW - Spacing KW - Speed control KW - Synchronism KW - Traffic control KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158085 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PEOPLE MOVER PROFILE PY - 1977/05 SP - 36 p. AB - As part of its ongoing commitment to the concept of technology sharing, the U.S. Department of Transportation has initiated a series of publications on transportation topics which focus on a variety of subject areas. This report is part of such a series. PEOPLE MOVER PROFILE acquaints readers with the subject of people movers in conjunction with UMTA's Downtown People Mover (DPM) Project. The project's aim is to demonstrate the benefits of fully automated people mover systems in downtown urban areas. To date, people movers, installed in controlled environments such as airports and recreation parks, have demonstrated that they are proven operational systems. The DPM Project will demonstrate the feasibility of installing a people mover system in the harsher and more demanding environment of downtown urban areas. This profile report is divided into three sections. The first, a narrative overview, briefly discusses the subject of people movers. The second section consists of detailed technical data and photographs of manufacturers and suppliers of existing people mover systems. The third section, the supplementary material, contains a glossary of terms used in this document in addition to the aforementioned UMTA DPM Project material. Technical data in this profile report were obtained from the people mover manufacturers and suppliers who are responsible for its accuracy. KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Central business districts KW - Glossaries KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00172042 AU - King, C M AU - Kusko, A AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated TI - FLYWHEEL PROPULSION SIMULATION PY - 1977/05 SP - 194 p. AB - Development of a bus propelled by a flywheel instead of by an engine or storage battery has long interested urban transportation planners. The kinetic energy stored in a flywheel supplants the need for petroleum-derived fuels and minimizes negative environmental impacts. This report was prepared in support of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's program in flywheel energy storage. It can be considered both an evaluation tool and a design tool. This report develops and describes the analytical models and digital computer simulations that can be used for the evaluation of flywheel-electric propulsion systems employed with urban transit vehicles operating over specified routes and with predetermined velocity profiles. The computer simulation is divided into two sections. The first section simulates the dynamic behavior of the vehicle enroute, computes the energy and power requirements, and the power losses of each of the propulsion system components. The second section utilizes thermal models to compute the temperature rises of each of the propulsion system components. The simulations can be used to determine the suitability of a given flywheel-electric propulsion system for an intended mission. The simulation method can be applied to electric-drive systems for battery and flywheel energy-storage vehicles, to hybrid vehicles, and to vehicles operating from wayside power. The Appendices contain Mathematical Models, Input Constants for Computer Program, Parameter Listing for Computer Program, Tabular Outputs for Sample Run, Manufacturers' Data for Major Components, and Report of Inventions. /Author/ KW - Buses KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flywheels KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Mathematical models KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Simulation KW - Storage batteries KW - Temperature KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/67988 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167307 AU - McCall, CHJ AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COM-BUS: A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICE PY - 1977/05 SP - 106 p. AB - The evolution and operations of the COM-BUS Subscription Commuter Bus Service are documented. COM-BUS is a privately owned organization operating at a profit without any form of subsidy. COM-BUS serves approximately 2,000 commuters per day on 47 routes which provide service in Ventura, Los Angeles, and Orange counties. A majority of the routes use chartered passenger buses with from 38 to 47 seats. A fleet of eight 13- to 16-passenger minibuses are used on routes where demand is insufficient to warrant the larger buses. Service provides a fairly personalized morning pickup, with major portions of the runs to work destinations being express and using freeways. In the evening, passengers are picked up at their work locations, and runs to their initial origins are accomplished. Because of its method of management operations, COM-BUS maintains subscription levels (weekly seat reservations paid for in advance) at better than 90 percent. COM-BUS was organized and now operates with a minimum of capital outlay, and is managed by essentially volunteer support. Travel times using COM-BUS are only slightly longer than those for private automobiles making the same trips. COM-BUS fares are considerably less than corresponding costs to operate a private automobile for a similar trip. The success of COM-BUS is particularly important in view of current heavy subsidies required for most transportation systems, and in view of the tendency of Southern California commuters to reject mass transit and to use private means instead. KW - Buses KW - California KW - Charter operations KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Level of service KW - Minibuses KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Subscription bus service KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56762 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167286 AU - Liu, T K AU - Gifford, D G AU - Dugan, J P AU - Haley & Aldrich, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MUCK UTILIZATION PLANNING. URBAN TRANSPORTATION TUNNELING: A HANDBOOK OF RATIONAL PRACTICES FOR PLANNERS AND DESIGNERS PY - 1977/05 SP - 64 p. AB - This handbook alerts transportation system planners and designers to planning methods which can lead to more efficient use of earth and rock materials produced during excavation for transportation tunnels and large excavations. The earth and rock materials produced from tunnel operations are commonly described by the miner's term, 'tunnel muck'. Tunnel muck has been traditionally treated as a waste product of the construction process. This handbook documents the results of a study of alternative uses for tunnel muck including use of muck as backfill materials within the transit project. The suggested procedures are consistent with construction methods and project management procedures. KW - Building materials KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Fills KW - Handbooks KW - Materials management KW - Mucking KW - Rocks KW - Soils KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159384 AU - Curran, W T AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENGINEERING TESTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE CARS AT THE TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. VOLUME IV. RIDE ROUGHNESS TESTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 168 p. AB - The primary purpose of the tests documented herein was to demonstrate the principles and feasibility of an energy storage type propulsion system, and its adaptability to an energy storage type propulsion system, and its adaptability to an existing car design. The test program comprised four phases of tests on two New York City Transit Authority R-32 cars where the conventional propulsion system was replaced by an energy storage system. The four test phases were: verification of safe arrival, debugging procedures, performance verification tests, and expanded test program. KW - Electric generators KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Motors KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198209 AU - Goodman, C R AU - Rosapep, T J AU - Bent, M D AU - Mordecai, J M AU - Regional Planning Council AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHORT-TERM IMPLICATIONS OF SELECTED TRANSPORTATION POLICY ALTERNATIVES PY - 1977/05 SP - 63 p. AB - The Continuing, Comprehensive, and Cooperative (3-C) Transportation Planning Process recently completed an analysis of travel demand likely by the year 1985. The primary conclusion of the analysis is that peak traffic is likely to continue increasing. In many locations, traffic conditions will significantly deteriorate unless actions are taken to reduce the growth in peak vehicular traffic or to construct and improve highways. Several alternatives could reduce the projected increase in vehicular traffic volumes, The purpose of this report is to determine how effective each alternative would be in reducing traffic demand, fuel consumption and auto emissions. Each alternative was explored independently to provide a thorough understanding of the potential ramifications. The implications of seven alternatives are estimated for the year 1985. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway planning KW - Highway traffic KW - Maryland KW - Parking facilities KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Policy KW - Pollutants KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Strategic planning KW - Substitutes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175716 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Atlanta Regional Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLAN FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ATLANTA REGION PY - 1977/05 SP - 141 p. AB - The recommended plan outlined in this report covers five types of actions to be taken in order to improve transportation services to elderly and handicapped persons in the Atlanta (Georgia) Region. The five types are management actions aimed at improving the coordination of existing services, financing actions, operation actions to improve efficiency and cost effectiveness, regulatory actions, and public relations actions. The discussion covers the background, organization, and process of the study. Subsequent material deals with the target population and their service needs, service provider needs, user related policy needs, policies developed from a review of Federal regulations, policies evolved from an examination of similar programs, and the analysis of alternatives. Also considered are the various barriers -- financial, service, personnel, and attitude -- to service coordination and consolidation. The recommended plan which is designed to be implemented over a 5-year period is discussed in terms of the 5 types of actions. A program for monitoring and updating the plan is included. The appendices contain descriptions of the components of a transit service (e.g., service schedules, vehicle occupancy), information on the consumer's view of the costs and service characteristics of a specialized transportation service, and sample data collection forms for the monitoring and updating program. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Administrative support KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Disabled KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Interaction KW - Interrelationships KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Organization KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public relations KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Service agencies KW - Services KW - Social service KW - Specifications KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165767 AU - Seattle, City of, Washington TI - MAGIC CARPET EVALUATION STUDY PY - 1977/05 SP - 110 p. AB - MAGIC CARPET is the name of the Seattle fare-free CBD bus service that was initiated in a 105 block area of the CBD on September 9, 1973, and it is available 24-hours a day, seven days a week. The fare-free zone was initially proposed as a one year experiment to demonstrate whetehr or not the concept of free downtown bus service was desirable. The overall objective of Magic Carpet service is to attract auto person trips to the transit bus. This report presents the fare-free zone, Magic Carpet, evaluation project. It consists of a series of surveys aimed at measuring the effectiveness of downtown free buses in achieving the following objectives: 1) Improvement of downtown air quality; 2) Reduction of traffic congestion; 3) Conservation of gasoline; 4) Encouragement of peripheral parking; 5) Increase mobility; 6) Increase midday patronage (transit shopping trips); and 7) Stimulation of retail trade. Surveys in this report indicate that fare-free bus service is responsible for attracting at least $5,000,000 in retail sales. The number of daily fare-free bus trips counted in June 1974 was 12,258, as opposed to the 4,100 daily bus trips made in the same area in 1973. The findings herein have encouraged the Seattle and Metro Councils to continue this service for at least two more years, at a cost to the City of $100,000 per year. The Seattle experience emphasizes that downtown transportation systems can be designed and operated to give greater emphasis to within-CBD circulation as opposed to the traditional emphasis, namely, to and from downtown. The data herein should enable other cities to estimate how fare-free service would fit in their communities. /FHWA/ KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Energy KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Park and ride KW - Surveys KW - Trade KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167926 AU - CURRAN, W T AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENGINEERING TESTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE CARS AT THE TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. VOLUME II. PERFORMANCE POWER CONSUMPTION AND RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE TESTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 112 p. AB - The primary purpose of the tests documented herein was to demonstrate the principles and feasibility of an energy-storage-type propulsion system, and its adaptability to an existing car design. The test program comprised four phases of tests on two New York City Transit Authority R-32 cars where propulsion system was replaced by an energy storage system. The four test phases were: verification of safe arrival, debugging procedures, performance verification tests, and expanded test program. This report contains test data collected during the performance verification and expanded test program phases. KW - Communications KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Testing KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167925 AU - CURRAN, W T AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENGINEERING TESTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE CARS AT THE TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. VOLUME I. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND TEST SUMMARY PY - 1977/05 SP - 138 p. AB - The primary purpose of the tests documented herein was to demonstrate the principles and feasibility of an energy storage type propulsion system, and its adaptability to an existing car design. The test program comprised four phases of tests on two New York City Transit Authority R-32 cars where the conventional propulsion system was replaced by an energy storage system. The four test phases were: verification of safe arrival, debugging procedures, performance verification tests, and expanded test program. This report contains test data collected during the performance verification and expanded test program phases. Testing was conducted at the DOT Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado. The data was collected and processed in accordance with the General Vehicle Test Plan for Urban Rail Transit Cars. KW - Development KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Testing KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167927 AU - CURRAN, W T AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENGINEERING TESTS FOR ENERGY STORAGE CARS AT THE TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER. VOLUME III. NOISE TESTS PY - 1977/05 SP - 91 p. AB - The primary purpose of the tests documented herein was to demonstrate the principles and feasibility of an energy storage type propulsion system, and its adaptability to an existing car design. The test program comprised four phases of tests on two New York City Transit Authority R-32 cars where propulsion system had been replaced by an energy storage system. The four test phases were: verification of safe arrival, debugging procedures, performance verification tests, and expanded test program. This report contains test data collected during the performance verification and expanded test program phases. KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Sound level KW - Testing KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308851 AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING POLICIES AND MULTI-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE UTILIZATION IN THE TWIN CITIES METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1977/05 SP - 26 p. AB - The effect of parking policies on influencing shifts from single-occupancy to multi-occupancy vehicles was investigated. Current parking policies in the Twin Cities area were identified. Parking control mechanisms were analyzed to determine their applicability to objectives of reducing traffic congestion, improving air quality, and shaping urban development. (Author) KW - Air quality management KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parking KW - Policy KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban development KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167291 AU - Kusko, A AU - King, C M AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FLYWHEEL PROPULSION SIMULATION PY - 1977/05 SP - 196 p. AB - This report develops and describes the analytical models and digital computer simulations that can be used for the evaluation of flywheel-electric propulsion systems employed with urban transit vehicles operating over specified routes and with predetermined velocity profiles. The computer simulation is divided into two sections. The first section simulates the dynamic behavior of the vehicle enroute, computes the energy and power requirements, and the power losses of each of the propulsion system components. The second section uses thermal models to compute the temperature rises of each of the propulsion system components. The simulations can be used to determine the suitability of a given flywheel-electric propulsion system for an intended mission. The simulation method can be applied to electric-drive systems for battery and flywheel energy-storage vehicles, to hybrid vehicles, and to vehicles operating from wayside power. The Appendices contain Mathematical Models, Input Constants for Computer Program, Parameter Listing for Computer Program, Tabular Outputs for Sample Run, Manufacturers' Data for Major Components, and Report of Inventions. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric drives KW - Energy storage systems KW - Energy transfer KW - Flywheels KW - Mathematical models KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159362 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BOARDING RAMPS FOR TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1977/05 SP - 45 p. AB - The objectives of the report are the following: (1) To assemble current research and demonstration information related to on-board ramps; (2) to quantify basic human factors engineering requirements associated with the use of on-board ramps; and (3) to identify bus engineering design issues associated with the use of on-board ramps. The report describes the on-board ramp method of providing accessibility to transit buses for people who cannot climb steps. Certain basic features that make this ramp method more attractive than the other methods are discussed as well as bus engineering and human factors design issues such as bus floor height, ramp angle and length, door width, ramp width and edge design, and a number of other issues identified in the research. KW - Aged KW - Boarding KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Following distance KW - Following distance (Of vehicles) KW - Human factors engineering KW - On ramps KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165749 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Heaton, C AU - Slavin, H AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS: PHILOSOPHY AND APPROACH SN - MA-07-0049 PY - 1977/05 SP - 23 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program has the objective of improving existing transit operations by sponsoring the development and implementation of new techniques and services on a nation-wide basis. The SMD Program pursues demonstration projects and studies in four major program areas: Traffic management, Paratransit, Service for Transit Dependents, and Price and Service Improvements. This document contains a summary description of the philosophy and technical approach underlying the evaluation of SMD projects. It describes the supply-demand framework for performing urban transportation impact evaluation and the application of this framework to the following demonstration topics: background and settings; project implementation and operations; level of service (supply) changes; travel behavior (demand) changes; operator impacts and productivity; and non-travel impacts. The SMD Program attempts to maximize the quality and utility of information gained from the demonstrations by developing and employing a consistent, carefully structured approach to demonstration evaluation. Each evaluation is built around the basic analytical framework described in this report, with emphasis placed on using state-of-the-art data collection and analysis techniques which are consistent from the standpoint of efficiency, accuracy, and output. /UMTA/ KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Highway traffic control KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167346 AU - Heft, R C AU - Borden, C S AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COSTS AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A DUAL-MODE SYSTEM PY - 1977/04/30 SP - 77 p. AB - This report represents a more detailed examination of two areas of a previous analysis on a Dual-Mode System as documented in 'Technical and cost considerations for urban applications of dual-mode transportation' (JPL, May 1972). It uses the technical and cost data of the previous report and employs the life-cycle cost approach. This report consists of two parts plus the Appendices: (1) An economic analysis, and (2) An energy consumption analysis. The economic analysis examines the present value life-cycle costs of the system for both public and semi-private ownership and presents the costs in terms of levelized required revenue per passenger mile. Two transit modes associated with a high-speed guideway system are included (pallets and command actuated passenger service (CAPS) vehicles). The energy consumption analysis considers the energy use of the various dual-mode vehicles by means of a detailed vehicle simulation program for the control policy and guideway system as described in the previous study. KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Energy consumption KW - Propulsion KW - Revenues KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56784 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178246 AU - Bowman, B M AU - Robbins, D H AU - Bennett, R O AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - MVMA TWO-DIMENSIONAL CRASH VICTIM SIMULATION TUTORIAL SYSTEM: AUDIO VISUAL PROGRAM PY - 1977/04/27 SP - 298 p. AB - The MVMA Two-Dimensional Crash Victim Simulator is a mathematical model used for predicting occupant dynamics in a crash environment. The computer model is large and complex. Its many options and features provide the automotive safety engineer considerable flexibility in defining a crash event but at the same time impose considerable demands for specification of input data. As a means of facilitating learning to use the model, the Tutorial System combines a Self-Study Guide and an Audio-Visual Program. Both are divided into thirteen segments, called "modules," each of which deals with the data requirements of a set of related model features. Each audio-visual module consists of 35 mm slides and approximately twenty minutes of narration on a tape cassette. Tutorial System documentation is in two volumes. The Self-Study Guide consists of text, illustraions, and example problems. The Audio-Visual Program includes the narration text and figures used for the 35 mm slides. All documentation is loose-leaf. /HSRI/ KW - Audiovisual aids KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Two dimensional UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361822 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BASELINE ADVANCED DESIGN TRANSIT COACH SPECIFICATIONS: A GUIDELINE PROCUREMENT DOCUMENT FOR NEW 35- AND 40-FOOT COACH DESIGNS PY - 1977/04/04 SP - 5 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158142 AU - Adams, R AU - Adams (Ronald) AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESENT AND FUTURE PARATRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1977/04 SP - 116 p. AB - The objective of this research project is to provide an assessment of present and future paratransit vehicles, their design characteristics and service requirements from the viewpoint of the passenger, the community, and the driver. This assessment includes comfort, safety, and assessibility of all occupants with particular attention to the special driver problems associated with paratransit service; it focuses on the problems of the elderly and handicapped; and it identifies relevant aspects of the operating environment, namely, pedestrian safety. Shortcomings of vehicles now in service and new protoype vehicles are identified, and strategies are described to remedy them with minor and low cost modifications. The scope of this study includes vehicles designed for the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) Taxi Project, including two paratransit vehicles designed to specifications of UMTA. KW - Aged KW - Communities KW - Design KW - Design features KW - Drivers KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public service vehicles KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167323 AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Holowaty, M C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF METHODS TO CONTROL URBAN RAIL SYSTEM NOISE. TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN PY - 1977/04 SP - 67 p. AB - This interim report is the test and evaluation plan, the second report of a study to investigate the effectiveness of four techniques for reducing wheel/rail noise in rail rapid-transit systems (resilient wheels, damped wheels, wheel truing, and rail grinding). The previous report covered experimental design. The ultimate goal is to provide sufficient information to allow a transit system with given track and car conditions and budgetary constraints to determine the mix of the available methods of control of wheel/rail noise which will result in the greatest overall benefit. The purpose of this report is to detail the methods and equipment that will be used to collect, manage, and reduce the data on both acoustic performance and costs of the four noise control methods. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Analysis KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Data collection KW - Data reduction KW - Development KW - Dynamic tests KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment tests KW - Grinding KW - Grinding material removal KW - Measurement KW - Methodology KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Optimization KW - Rail grinding KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Resilience (Materials) KW - Resilient wheels KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Test equipment KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Urban areas KW - Wheel screech noise KW - Wheel truing KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166448 AU - Crain, J AU - Courington, W AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - INCIDENCE RATES AND TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED IN PORTLAND, OREGON SN - UM27/R7710 PY - 1977/04 SP - 97 p. AB - The report presents incidence rates, characteristics, and travel patterns of transportation handicapped and able-bodied elderly (65 and over) persons. Tables and discussion are presented on demographics, health problems, use of mobility aids, and trip rates, purposes and modes, and origin/destination patterns. A section is devoted to functional problems in using public transportation vs. handicap classification, health problem and use of mechanical aid. Respondents are evaluated in their ability to use six different transit modes ranging from a fixed-route regular bus to a door-to-door bus with a lift. Wheelchair/walker users are analyzed separately. Data for this report was derived from a 6,000 household survey conducted in Portland. The survey design, questionnaires and field procedures are described. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Demographics KW - Fixed routes KW - Health KW - Incidents KW - Mobility KW - Oregon KW - Origin and destination KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Surveys KW - Traffic incidents KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166449 AU - Crain, J AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD ELDERLY TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1977/04 SP - 168 p. AB - The document is a final evaluation report of the Cleveland Neighborhood Elderly Transportation (NET) System. The Cleveland NET Project was implemented in March 1975 with the purpose of providing personalized door-to-door transportation services for elderly persons within three inner-city neighborhoods. Operations and vehicle maintenance were provided by the Cleveland Transit System/Regional Transit Authority on a daily basis with 12 buses specifically designed and equipped to serve the elderly and the elderly-handicapped. Service was obtained at 10 cents per ride by telephoning a scheduling/dispatching center. The document describes the Cleveland NET Demonstration Project in terms of the description and operation of the transportation system, the operational agencies involved, the test area, and the operational results. It also includes an analysis of the operational problems encountered, the costs incurred, and the suggested means for improving service and reducing the costs. Results of the surveys of users and non-users of the service are also presented in an attempt to assess the social impacts and benefits relative to costs. KW - Aged KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Door to door service KW - Facilities KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Ohio KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Services KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165776 AU - KENDALL, D AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Casey, R AU - Heaton, C AU - Simkowitz, H AU - Slavin, H AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1977/04 SP - 562 p. AB - This report contains a description of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program. Recently completed and current and future demonstration projects are described and project results from similar demonstrations are compared. The comparisons are made by grouping projects according to the program objectives addressed: 1) decrease transit travel time; 2) increase transit reliability; 3) increase transit coverage; 4) increase transit vehicle productivity; and 5) improve the mobility of transit dependents. Independent activities carried out in support of the demonstrations are described, such as the development of evaluation guidelines and improved methodologies for demonstration evaluation, analytical studies in support of the development of experimental demonstrations, studies of independent local innovations, and case studies of transit operations in small communities. Information dissemination mechanisms and activities intended to facilitate more widespread knowledge of effective approaches to improving transit are discussed. /UMTA/ KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165730 AU - AM General Corporation TI - A STUDY OF WHEELCHAIR ACCESS TO THE CURRENT TRANSIT BUS DESIGN PY - 1977/04 SP - 61 p. AB - Public debate currently exists on the best way to improve and increase use of public transit equipment by the elderly and handicapped. This document is the result of a study conducted by AM General under a contract with the Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, to investigate the feasibility and practicality of incorporating a wheelchair lift platform (level change) device for the standard 40-foot transit bus that would provide safe ingress and egress for wheelchair-bound passengers. This report describes the background and conceptual design of incorporating into the current 40-foot bus a level change device to board such passengers. In addition, it also covers seating, wheelchair positioning, and securing the wheelchair once on board. The recommended lift design for use on the standard bus is controlled by the driver by a set of electric switches. This lift is under control of the seated driver at all times. It is powered by hydraulics from either an existing power steering pump or a separate pump. The platform folds into a normal step and stepwell configuration when in the stowed position and has no effect on normal bus operations. It adds approximately 400 pounds to the weight of the bus and has a recommended platform load capacity of 1,000 pounds. The estimated costs of a wheelchair lift and restraint system option are in the range of $6,000 to $8,000 per bus. No major design problems are anticipated for the installation of such a device on any current design 40-foot transit use. /UMTA/ KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Lifts KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169304 AU - Mid-America Regional Council AU - Bishop Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KCMR DIAL-A-RIDE STUDY: REPORT NUMBER 2. DISPATCHING AND COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1977/04 SP - 33 p. AB - This study is comprised of 6 reports that encompass all of the major facets of a demand-responsive system. It is designed to assist the Mid-America Regional Council and local government agencies in the detailed service planning of Dial-A-Ride services in the Kansas City Metropolitan Region. A small pilot system was applied in Independence, Missouri, and a larger pilot system was applied in Johnson County, Kansas. Report No. 2 describes the dispatching and communication requirements for small Dial-A-Ride systems, such as the small pilot system in Independence, Missouri, and for a large integrated system, such as the one proposed for Northeastern Johnson County, Kansas. The report presents operating procedures and design and cost considerations for the equipment of the systems, as well as a glossary of radio terminology. It was found that Dial-A-Ride service to the general public should be seriously considered for expansion of public transportation in major portions of the KCMR, and especially in medium and lower density suburban areas. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dictionaries KW - Dispatching KW - Distributing KW - Kansas KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Missouri KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Procedures KW - Public transit KW - Radio KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Telephone KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167025 AU - Rubin, R B AU - Ellis, R H AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PLAN FOR THE DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1977/04 SP - 194 p. AB - Shuttle Loop Transit (SLT) is a surface form of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) which has demonstrated itself in a number of deployments throughout the country, namely, airports, recreational/amusement parks, and similar special purpose applications. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has approved federal financing of demonstration systems in four cities (Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, and St. Paul) to establish the viability and desirability of this technology in more demanding general downtown applications. This document presents an experimental design (ExD) Plan for the Downtown People Mover (DPM) projects planned by UMTA. This ExD Plan is a structured evaluation approach, designed to permit the objective assessment of the individual demonstration projects and development of transferable evaluation conclusions. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air pollution KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Energy conservation KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental design KW - Highway traffic KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Minnesota KW - Ohio KW - People movers KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167336 AU - Blue, V AU - Adler, B AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. CORRIDOR EVALUATION PY - 1977/03 SP - 33 p. AB - Manhattan CBD - North Jersey Corridorwide Improvements have been significant. Over the course of the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program in the Manhattan CBD-North Jersey Corridor millions of vehicle miles have been saved per year by fringe parking, 25-37 million passenger hours per year have been saved by the exclusive bus lane, and approximately 625,000 passengers annually enjoy a more direct and faster trip into the CBD because of the bus reroutes. Other projects include I-495 bus priority traffic management system, Route 3 BPTMS and traffic control demonstrations, and automatic bus identification. Coordination among numerous agencies was involved with each project. Fringe parking, exclusive bus lanes, and the rerouting of buses in Midtown Manhattan CBD to better distribute travelers to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal amounted to a successful experiment in bus passenger carrying effectiveness. KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Highway traffic control KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger transportation KW - Route surveys KW - Surveying KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167340 AU - Booz Allen Hamilton AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GAS TURBINE ENGINE APPLICATION IN TRANSIT COACHES PY - 1977/03 SP - 81 p. AB - This report presents an investigation of gas turbine engine application in transit coaches that was conducted as part of the Transbus Program to determine the viability of the gas turbine engine as a potential power source for transit coaches. The state of development of the gas turbine engine as a vehicular power source is described. An in-depth survey and evaluation was conducted of gas turbine engine manufacturers to determine the suitability of these engines for installation in transit coaches. Only one product is developed to a state where volume production can be seriously considered. This engine is described in detail and a comprehensive cost/benefit analysis was performed of this engine installed in a contemporary transit coach fleet. The results of the analysis and evaluation indicate that while current engines are not economically justifiable the gas turbine engine is potentially superior to the diesel engine when fully developed with planned improvements scheduled for the near time frame. Recommendations are also presented to demonstrate early production turbine engines in a small fleet of transit coaches in revenue service. KW - Analysis KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gas turbines KW - Maintenance KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155345 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION/AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSIT ASSOCIATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 30-DECEMBER 1, 1976 PY - 1977/03 SP - 103 p. AB - The report contains the papers, a summary, and recommendations for each of five workshop sessions held during the conference. The material specifically addresses the following aspects of urban transportation research and development: viewpoints on UMTA's R&D priorities from spokesmen for transit operators, state governments, and local governments; needs and priorities in policy-related research and development and deployment; implementation of nonhardware innovations; technology delivery systems; and information exchange. KW - Development KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Meetings KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Policy KW - Policy making KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research management KW - State government KW - Strategic planning KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation research KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337148 AU - Dayman, B J AU - Heft, R C AU - KURTZ, D W AU - Macie, T W AU - Stallkamp, J A AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR UNDERGROUND RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUPPORTING STUDIES. A. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS PY - 1977/03 SP - 158 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine if construction costs and operating energy requirements of future high-performance underground rapid rail systems can be decreased while maintaining or improving service. This part A of Volume II contains the basic information that was generated on the operational aspects of various alternative system designs: studies by JPL on performance and energy requirements; comments by the London Underground on the alternative approaches, as well as discussions on their related experiences. KW - Analysis KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drag KW - Energy conservation KW - Gravity KW - Gravity augmentation KW - Operating costs KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337149 AU - Dayman, B J AU - Heft, R C AU - KURTZ, D W AU - Macie, T W AU - Stallkamp, J A AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR UNDERGROUND RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUPPORTING STUDIES. B. PRESSURE PULSE ANALYSIS PY - 1977/03 SP - 200 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine if construction costs and operating energy requirements of future high-performance underground rapid rail systems can be decreased while maintaining or improving service. This part B of Volume II contains all of the basic information of the pressure pulse analyses that were performed on double-track tunnels and intervented pairs of single-track tunnels. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drag KW - Dynamic pressure KW - Energy conservation KW - Gravity KW - Gravity augmentation KW - Pressure waves KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Ventilation systems KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337150 AU - Dayman, B J AU - Heft, R C AU - KURTZ, D W AU - Macie, T W AU - Stallkamp, J A AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR UNDERGROUND RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUPPORTING STUDIES. C. CAPITAL EQUIPMENT PY - 1977/03 SP - 271 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine if construction costs and operating energy requirements of future high-performance underground rapid rail systems can be decreased while maintaining or improving service. This part C of Volume II contains all the basic information generated on capital equipment of alternative approaches: design and cost estimates for underground structures, performance and costs of propulsion configurations and subway cars. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Estimates KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Gravity KW - Gravity augmentation KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Subway design KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337147 AU - Dayman, B J AU - Heft, R C AU - KURTZ, D W AU - Macie, T W AU - Stallkamp, J A AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTS FOR UNDERGROUND RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME I: STUDY RESULTS PY - 1977/03 SP - 107 p. AB - The objective of the study was to determine if construction costs and operating energy requirements of future high-performance underground rapid rail systems can be decreased while maintaining or improving service. The alternative design approaches studied were limited to well-established design concepts that differ from those used in BART (San Francisco), WMATA (Washington D.C.), and MARTA (Atlanta). The alternative design concepts investigated in this study are: gravity assist; over/under tunnels; vertically-oriented stations; subway train propulsion; and operational control policies. Comparisons were made of several system designs for a specific route and patronage structure. These comparisons indicate that it is practical to significantly reduce construction costs and operational energy requirements of modern underground systems while improving service by incorporating alternative concepts. Without any attempt at optimization, savings in capital costs in excess of 24 percent and savings in energy as high as 70 percent in traction effort, and 88 percent in braking are shown to be achievable. KW - Capital KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost control KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Energy conservation KW - Gravity KW - Gravity augmentation KW - Operating costs KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Savings KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166445 AU - Babb, L V AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GENERAL VEHICLE TEST INSTRUMENTATION EVALUATION PY - 1977/03 SP - 214 p. AB - A General Vehicle Test System (GVTS) has been developed by the Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts to facilitate rail transit vehicle testing at the Transportation Test Center (TTC), Pueblo, Colorado. This system was designed to be responsive to requirements specified in the publication GENERAL VEHICLE TEST PLAN (GVTP) for URBAN RAIL TRANSIT CARS, report number UMTA-MA06-0025-75-14. This report presents the results of evaluation tests carried out on the GVTS at the TTC, Pueblo, Colorado, in May 1975. The GVTS is an integrated instrumentation system consisting of transducers, signal conditioners, signal filters, interface and control electronics, a data acquisition system, signal monitoring and output devices, and all related hardware and software. The objective of this test series is to evaluate the performance of the instrumentation system under actual rail transit operating conditions. Parameters evaluated include vehicle current, voltage, acceleration/vibration pressure, pressure, temperature, displacement, and strain. The GVTS as tested provides 37 of the 48 required Standard Outputs described in the GVTP. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Data collection KW - Dislocation (Geology) KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Electronic equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Measuring instruments KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Specifications KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Strains KW - Test facilities KW - Test sets KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Voltage UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56521 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159345 AU - O'Neil, R S AU - Worrell, J S AU - HOPKINSON, P AU - Henderson, R H AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - STUDY OF SUBWAY STATION DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1977/03 SP - 208 p. AB - Due to the high cost of urban underground transit construction in recent years, construction practices used in other countries were reviewed to determine if construction methods which are commonly accepted there might be adapted to U.S. practice. Design and administrative practices were also reviewed to determine which have the most significant effect on station costs to assure that future system developers are aware of the items that offer the greatest opportunities to control costs. Using 13 on-site interviews in Europe and North America, unusual construction methods, design considerations, and general considerations which offer opportunities for cost savings were identified. Two basic points for reducing costs were emphasized repeatedly by those interviewed: the basic recommendation for obtaining economy in station design and construction is to take advantage of every opportunity which the locale and site offer; and while final design and construction practices are the most visible sources of expenditure, it is almost universally the early policy, planning, and design decisions which have the greatest effect on the final cost of a transit project. With the experience and opinions of the many transit authorities and construction agencies and a review of current literature as a base, a set of seven recommended subway station designs were developed. To examine costs, three series of estimates were performed comparing the station types among themselves, comparing the costs of varying major station dimensions, and comparing costs of alternative construction methods, such as slurry walls and other excavation support systems which performed multiple functions. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction projects KW - Cost control KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Estimates KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Slurries KW - Slurry KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159380 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR ADVANCED DESIGN: SMALL URBAN TRANSIT BUS PY - 1977/03 SP - 125 p. AB - The overall objective of the Small Bus Project is the development of a general and performance specification for an advanced small urban transit bus. It is a six-phase program designed to insure that final vehicle specifications would evolve from a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the operating environment and thus have a broad applicability. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Human factors engineering KW - Minibuses KW - Performance based specifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159006 AU - Neumann, L A AU - Wojno, J A AU - Juster, R D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - INTEGRATED DIAL-A-RIDE AND FIXED ROUTE TRANSIT IN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN PY - 1977/03 SP - 206 p. AB - The report describes the development, implementation, and current status of the Teltran system as it existed in the spring of 1976. In particular, this evaluation provides a detailed description of Teltran system configuration (and changes in that configuration by time of day and day of the week), system dispatching and operation, and the effectiveness of an incremental implementation process. In addition, the effect of Teltran on improving transit level of service and ridership is examined as well as the productivities achieved. KW - Buses KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fixed routes KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Level of service KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Michigan KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153969 AU - Birkmyer, J AU - Bechtel Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS STUDY OF PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LINERS PY - 1977/03 SP - 147 p. AB - The study addresses precast concrete lining systems. Existing precast concrete systems designed or constructed in Europe, Japan, and the United States are evaluated. With these as a point of departure, designs for lining systems applicable to the specific conditions encountered in the United States are developed. A comparative cost analysis is made between the linings designed in the study, one existing precast concrete design and two in fabricated steel. Appreciably lower costs are found for all of the concrete liner designs when compared to those in fabricated steel. Water sealing systems are discussed and recommendations for the development and testing of sealing details are made. Guidelines for dissemination of information about, and for the implementation of the systems, are presented. KW - Analysis KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Europe KW - Fabrication KW - Japan KW - Precast concrete KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sealing KW - Sealing (Technology) KW - Sealing compounds KW - Steel KW - Steel construction KW - Technology KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - United States KW - Waterproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48814 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165769 AU - Walbridge, E W AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING URBAN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES PY - 1977/03 SP - 29 p. AB - This report reflects the view that the existing urban transportation planning process tends to ignore new transportation technologies (PRT, AGT, accelerated moving walkways, shared taxi). The information system described in this report aims to remedy this deficiency by specifying all the alternative technologies, new or old, that can satisfy a need. This system fits into the planning process after distribution. The intent herein is that this system be useful to transport planners and agencies. This report describes an information system which accepts as input a set of characteristics describing a particular transportation need and yields as output a list of transportation technologies capable of satisfying that need. A broad range of transportation need situations can be fed into this system. The system, however, is concerned with people movement rather than goods movement. The user of the system specifies the nature and extent of demand, as well as certain service requirements. A transportation technology is identified as suited to a particular need situation when the technology meets the demand and the service requirements, and does so at reasonable costs. The technologies identified by the system as suitable to a need are examined to select the one best alternative. This final selection process is not part of the system. The system consists of two tables. Their use is described and examples are presented in this report. The procedure used to develop the tables is discussed. This report recommends that a more comprehensive version of this system be developed. /FHWA/ KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Information systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Justification KW - Needs assessment KW - Passengers KW - People movers KW - Quality of service KW - Substitution KW - Technology KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation technology KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169303 AU - Mid-America Regional Council AU - Huron River Group, Incorporated AU - Missouri Transportation Associates AU - Bishop Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KCMR DIAL-A-RIDE STUDY: REPORT NUMBER 1. DIAL-A-RIDE SERVICE POTENTIAL IN THE KANSAS CITY METROPOLITAN REGION PY - 1977/03 SP - 74 p. AB - This study is comprised of 6 reports that encompass all of the major facets of a demand-responsive system. It is designed to assist the Mid-America Regional Council and local government agencies in the detailed service planning of Dial-A-Ride services in the Kansas City Metropolitan Region. A small pilot system was applied in Independence, Missouri, and a larger pilot system was applied in Johnson County, Kansas. Report No. 1 presents background and existing developments of demand-responsive systems in the KCMR. It presents relationships between general public systems vs. specialized systems (which are provided for the elderly and handicapped). It compares the various services, their applicability, potential and funding, and points out the limits and limitations of the Dial-A-Ride program. It was found that Dial-A-Ride service to the general public should be seriously considered for expansion of public transportation in major portions of the KCMR, and especially in medium and lower density suburban areas. KW - Aged KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fill section KW - Fills KW - Fund allocations KW - Kansas KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Missouri KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Planning KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00181950 AU - King, L AU - Kirkemo, G AU - Porter, M J AU - Cameron, J AU - Jenks, D AU - Puget Sound Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1977/02 SP - 226 p. AB - The five phases of the Plan were to develop citizen coordination, establish objectives, collect and analyze census data, develop scenarios for system development, and to generate the selection process. The options for meeting the transportation needs were accessible fixed-route service, demand-responsive transportation operated by public sector, operated privately for profit sector, operated privately for non-profit sector, and multi-modal systems. Before making recommendations, it was necessary to compare these alternatives, from which the most viable option was to be selected. The study group recommended that the City Council consider the combined fixed-route demand-responsive system alternative, which utilizes taxis and the existing bus fleet. This alternative provides the necessary capacity and flexibility in the most cost-effective manner. Further, the study emphasizes the need to create a Planner/Coordinator position to provide the program with effective management. This report contains a Bibliography and Appendices I through XII. KW - Aged KW - City planning KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151863 AU - Caudill, R J AU - Garrard, W L AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE FOLLOWER LONGITUDINAL CONTROL FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1977/02 SP - 282 p. AB - Continuing interest in the use of public transit to help solve problems related to urban transportation has pointed to the use of relatively small automated transit vehicles as a method for providing expanded transit service without the labor costs and reliability problems associated with the bus and without the high capital costs associated with rapid rail systems. Two philosophies for longitudinal control for short headway automated guideway transit (AGT) systems have evolved - (1) the vehicle-following concept, and (2) the point-following concept. This study is concerned with vehicle-follower control at relatively short headways. The objective of this research is to examine basic considerations in vehicle-follower longitudinal control for small, automated transit vehicles operating at moderate speeds and short headways. The relationship between spacing policy, system nonlinearities, and dynamic response of strings of vehicles is discussed. KW - Adaptive control KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Brakes KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Headways KW - Induction motors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Mathematical models KW - Mechanical guides KW - People movers KW - Spacing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305543 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTHWEST INDIANA TRANSIT SYSTEM PROGRAM. PHASE I REPORT: EXISTING TRANSIT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND DEMAND ANALYSIS PY - 1977/02 SP - 123 p. AB - The Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission (NIRPC) had a Transit System Program (TSP) prepared. This TSP is intended to serve as a basic reference for future transit planning. As such, it is being used to develop the transit improvement program (TIP) for the region and serve as the transit element of the transportation systems management (TSM) program. The goal of the study was to prepare a five-year capital improvement and noncapital intensive program for mass transportation that is consistent with the goals and policies of NIRPC, with Urban Mass Transportation Administration requirements, and with accepted transit engineering/planning practices, and also responsive to local needs and desires. The transit system program is being coordinated with other regional plans and developed with the understanding that it should be updated annually. The study is completed in three phases with a separate report issued at the conclusion of each phase: Phase 1-Existing Transit System Characteristics and Demand Analysis; Phase 2-Plan Development; Phase 3-Five-Year Transit Improvement Recommendations. This report summarizes the work completed in Phase 1 of the study. This work included extensive data collection. It included discussions with, and obtaining operating statistics from the existing transit operators; interviews with representatives of special interest groups; a survey of current transit riders; and the assembly and review of all pertinent planning data. The data was then analyzed to review the operation of existing transit service and identify shortcomings, determine existing and unfilled demand for public transportation, and to identify key problems and issues relating to mass transportation in Lake and Porter Counties. KW - Amtrak KW - Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad KW - Commuter service KW - Coordination KW - Data collection KW - Indiana KW - Needs assessment KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Reviews KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158107 AU - Meyer, J R AU - Gomez-Ibanez, Jose A AU - Harvard University TI - IMPROVING URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1977/02 SP - 231 p. AB - The purpose of this analysis is to assess the importance of productivity improvement to the transit industry and to identify opportunities to enhance the industry's productivity record. This report discusses the steady decline in transit ridership during the post war period and the industry's deficits and growing dependence on public subsidies. The postwar problems of industry are partly attributed to the failure of productivity growth in transit to keep pace with that in other industries. It is suggested that an improved productivity record would probably be necessary, although not sufficient, to reverse the industry's ridership decline and its growing dependence on public subsidies. This report discusses a variety of opportunities to improve transit productivity that are possible by changing current industry practices in such areas as marketing, labor relations, and work rules. These opportunities to improve transit productivity are sorted into three groups, each incorporating a distinct strategy for productivity gain. The first of these strategies is to alleviate the productivity problems associated with the peaking of transit use during weekday rush hours. Discontinuing less productive services is a second strategy for productivity growth that is discussed in this report. The third strategy to improve productivity involves specialization; that is, the tailoring of equipment, fares, and other practices to the peculiar needs of different transit services and situations. KW - Marketing KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Service discontinuance KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158053 AU - Reed, H D AU - Roos, M AU - Wolfe, M AU - DiGregorio, R AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - A STUDY OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH AVM SN - MA-06-0041 PY - 1977/02 SP - 258 p. AB - Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) systems provide an information gathering and processing tool for the centralized management and control of urban vehicles. The potential benefits of AVM, namely, increased efficiency and productivity of transit operations, have led UMTA and the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) to explore the technical, operational, and economic feasibility of AVM. This study addresses AVM utilization by bus, police, and taxi operators, and by a cost sharing multiple user fleet. This benefit cost analysis looks beyond field experimentation and focuses on the probable costs and achievable benefits of an AVM system fully deployed in a major metropolitan area. The core of this analysis is a newly developed computerized benefit-cost accounting model. A literature review and AVM-related experience in the U.S., Europe, and Canada have been integrated with research at TSC to develop this cost-benefit model. This model calculates the total life cost of alternative AVM location systems, then determines the dollar value of cost reduction benefits made possible through use of AVM's real-time position location information. AVM payoffs and the sensitivity of the payoffs to the dimensions of the model and the base case fleets are also discussed. This cost-benefit study as a whole analyzes the probable achievability and value of the stated claims. The Appendices contain Base Case Data Inputs, User's Manual for Benefit Cost Model, and Input-Output Formats. KW - Accounting KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Police KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154812 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF FUTURE PARATRANSIT REQUIREMENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1977/02 SP - 27 p. AB - The overall objective of this study is to define the future dimensions and characteristics of paratransit and the requirements for testing innovative transportation services for the development of new vehicles, and for ways to overcome legal and institutional constraints. The analysis is based on urban scenarios projected into the 1980-1995 time frame and representative of a large number of locations. This Executive Summary report examines a range of paratransit service concepts in context with a set of typical urban settings under three alternative 1995 futures. These alternative futures are described in terms of energy cost and degree of automobile disincentives. Integrated transit and paratransit systems are defined and match a combination of transit and paratransit services with forecasted transportation needs for each individual setting. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Costs KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Fleet KW - Fleet management KW - Forecasting KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Research KW - Services KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153983 AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS AND REPORTING SYSTEM. VOLUME IV. REPORTING SYSTEM FORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS - VOLUNTARY PY - 1977/01/10 SP - 112 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to present and document the detailed features of the uniform system of accounts and records and reporting system required by Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. Volume 4 contains illustrative forms and instructions for optional revenue and expense reporting. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Information processing KW - Instructions KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management systems KW - Public transit KW - Records management KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Revenues KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12736/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153980 AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS AND REPORTING SYSTEM. VOLUME I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION PY - 1977/01/10 SP - 64 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to present and document the detailed features of the uniform system of accounts and records and reporting system required by Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. This report is presented in four volumes: Volume 1 presents an overview of the systems, and an identification of the analytical potential provided by comparative data generated by the systems. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Analytical techniques KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information processing KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management systems KW - Public transit KW - Records management KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12733/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153981 AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS AND REPORTING SYSTEM. VOLUME II. UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS PY - 1977/01/10 SP - 268 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to present and document the detailed features of the uniform system of accounts and records and reporting system required by Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. Volume 2 contains the definitions for the uniform systems of accounts and records. Modes of transit service subject to this Section 15 system are also defined in this Volume. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information processing KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management systems KW - Public transit KW - Records management KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12734/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153982 AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS AND REPORTING SYSTEM. VOLUME III. REPORTING SYSTEM FORMS AND INSTRUCTIONS - REQUIRED PY - 1977/01/10 SP - 60 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to present and document the detailed features of the uniform system of accounts and records and reporting system required by Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. Volume 3 contains illustrative forms for each of the reports required to be submitted under Section 15 and instructions for completing these forms. KW - Accounting KW - Administration KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Forms (Documents) KW - Information processing KW - Instructions KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management systems KW - Public transit KW - Records management KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12735/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158094 AU - Stone, A L AU - Boeing Company TI - MPRT O & M PHASE OPERATING, AVAILABILITY AND MAINTENANCE HISTORY SN - WV-06-0005 PY - 1977/01 SP - 98 p. AB - This document describes the operating and maintenance characteristics of the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit (MPRT) during the first year of passenger carrying service starting September 15, 1975. The Morgantown project is an Urban Mass Transportation Administration demonstration to provide personal rapid transit service between the central business district and the separated campuses of West Virginia University. West Virginia University operated the system with support from Boeing. The first year operation of the Morgantown PRT system successfully demonstrated the concept of an automatically controlled transit system. The purpose of this document is to provide a published account of the MPRT operating, availability, and maintenance history. Data was summarized from program reports compiled during this first year of MPRT operation and maintenance. Data included scheduled and actual operating hours; downtime and downtime events; mean downtime; daily passenger gate cout; system availability; trip reliability; system dependability; daily fleet miles; daily fleet size; scheduled versus unscheduled maintenance actions; failures by part number; distribution of failures by time and subsystem; top 25 problem areas; spare parts used by quantity, part number and month; ECP change implementation during the O&M phase; and a summary of the first year's costs. The intent in presenting this MPRT data in this document is that future Automated Transportation Systems studies and designs will learn from the MPRT experience and make use of this data to optimize designs and systems. KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Availability KW - Downtime KW - Failure KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Passenger counting KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Spare parts KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167063 AU - Bledsoe, J D AU - Chase, A P AU - Mathews (AA) Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVED RAPID TRANSIT TUNNELING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. VOLUME I. SAFETY PY - 1977/01 SP - 117 p. AB - Two of the major objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration Tunneling Program are to lower subway construction costs and reduce construction hazards and damage to the environment. This study consists of a two-volume report and aims to develop guidelines for improved rapid transit tunneling safety and environmental impact, that is, this effort is directed toward underground construction applicable to modern transit subway systems in urban areas. Examination of construction safety regulations, tunnel construction accident data, and features of underground construction leading to unsafe work show that a systems approach to safety is required. Ten guidelines were drafted to supplement current construction safety regulations (OSHA 29CFR1926). Recommendations for further study and evaluation were made to complete the systems safety approach. KW - Analysis KW - Construction projects KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Environmental impacts KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Industrial accidents KW - Occupational safety KW - Prevention KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Underground structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167064 AU - Lemer, A C AU - Cheng, C Y AU - Mathews (AA) Incorporated AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR IMPROVED RAPID TRANSIT TUNNELING SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. VOLUME II. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PY - 1977/01 SP - 138 p. AB - Two of the major objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration Tunneling Program are to lower subway construction costs and reduce construction hazards and damage to the environment. This study consists of a two-volume report and aims to develop guidelines for improved rapid transit tunneling safety and environmental impact, that is, this effort is directed toward underground construction applicable to modern transit subway systems in urban areas. Investigation of subway construction jobs shows that at least two principles underlie treatment of environmental problems. First, planning and design should consider both short-term and permanent damage to environment, and second, a need for better communication of contractor's planned activities and public concerns so that disruptions can be minimized. Guidelines were developed along these principles and are grouped into the following categories: general, community relations, and specific environmental control techniques. KW - Air pollution KW - Construction projects KW - Drainage KW - Dynamics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Groundwater KW - Noise KW - Noise sources KW - Prevention KW - Public health KW - Public participation KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Soil dynamics KW - Soils KW - Subways KW - Surface waters KW - Tunneling KW - Underground structures KW - Vibration KW - Water areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159357 AU - Popper, R J AU - Connelly, M D AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESSIBILITY APPLICATIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 54 p. AB - The report outlines the theory and methodology for developing accessibility studies to evaluate transportation service impacts at the corridor, subarea or metropolitan levels. A computer program (Metropolitan Accessibility Program or MAP) is described that will facilitate such an analysis. In addition a typical case study application is presented illustrating how employment accessibility is modified in a corridor after the building of a high speed transit line. Data indicates the relative degree to which the Black population subgroup in the corridor benefits from the accessibility improvements. The program is suggested for use in planning and evaluation studies. KW - Accessibility KW - Computer programs KW - Decision making KW - Demographics KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Maps KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Planning KW - Regions KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159356 AU - Connelly, M D AU - Popper, R J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER DOCUMENTATION FOR THE METROPOLITAN ACCESSIBILITY PROGRAM (MAP) PY - 1977/01 SP - 113 p. AB - The Metropolitan Accessibility Program (MAP) is a computerized tool that facilitates analyses of transportation access to employment, commercial activities, hospitals, and other desired destination opportunities. This program is capable of producing output records that are interpreted by a special plotting program, MAPLOT. MAPLOT is capable of producing graphic displays of spatial variations in accessibility levels throughout an urban area, sector, or corridor. The MAP program and all subsequent modifications, including the plotting features, is housed within the U.T.P.S. Program, UMODEL. In this report the computer program, MAP, is presented through various User's materials including program documentation and five illustrative case study applications. The five case studies have been developed to aid the programmer in applying MAP and MAPLOT. This report is designed specifically as a User's guide to MAP and should be read in conjunction with the companion report which explains and illustrates the theory and methodology of transportation accessibility studies: 'Accessibility Applications in Urban Transportation,' by Popper and Connelly (UMTA-VA-11-0002-77-2). The MAP Program is used to facilitate transportation accessibility analyses, and to produce graphic maps of the spatial distribution of accessibility to jobs, shopping activities, and other destination opportunities. The program is suggested for use in planning and evaluation studies. KW - Availability KW - City planning KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Maps KW - Plotting KW - Programming manuals KW - Supply KW - Traffic distribution KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159378 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF FUTURE SMALL TRANSIT BUSES AND BUS STOPS TO ACCOMMODATE THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1977/01 SP - 64 p. AB - The report presents scenarios for the future uses and market of small buses, as well as the conceptual design for three vehicle configurations to assess the feasibility of meeting design requirements. KW - Aged KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Configuration KW - Design KW - Guidelines KW - Market surveys KW - Minibuses KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Requirement KW - Shape KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155404 AU - Control Data Corporation AU - Office of Policy, Plans and International Affiars AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wells Research Company TI - TRENDS IN BUS TRANSIT OPERATIONS, 1960-1974 PY - 1977/01 SP - 134 p. AB - This report analyzes the historical patterns of bus transit operations from 1960 to 1974 using data from 50 bus operations. Because of limitations on the available data, the analyzed data do not represent the universe of bus operations, nor is it a random sample, and therefore do not necessarily represent the industry. However, the trends in this sample may be indicative of the industry trends. The various trends examined in this report are patronage, supply of services, resources employed, revenues, costs, utilization of employees and vehicles, and fuel consumption. KW - Analysis KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Consumers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Deployment KW - Fuel consumption KW - History KW - Industries KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Natural resources KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12731/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151824 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF FUTURE PARATRANSIT REQUIREMENTS: 1980-1995 PY - 1977/01 SP - 278 p. AB - The report examines a range of paratransit service concepts in context with a set of typical urban settings under three alternative 1995 futures. These alternative futures are described in terms of energy cost and degree of automobile disincentives. Integrated transit and paratransit systems are defined and match a combination of transit and paratransit services with forecasted transportation needs for each individual setting. Using estimated representativeness factors for each setting, the setting results are expanded to provide order-of-magnitude nation-wide estimates of potential future paratransit activity. These estimates are presented in terms of passenger demand, subsidy requirements, and vehicle requirements. KW - Automobile travel KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151779 AU - SCHMIDT, B AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CONSTRUCTION MONITORING OF SOFT GROUND TUNNELS: A RATIONAL HANDBOOK OF PRACTICES FOR RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PLANNERS AND MANAGERS PY - 1977/01 SP - 70 p. AB - This report aims to fit the objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Tunneling Program - to lower subway construction costs and to reduce construction hazards and damage to the environment. This report generated from an UMTA sponsored study that disclosed the art of instrumentation and monitoring as being advanced but not as potentially sufficient on tunneling projects. One of the main reasons for this stemmed from a lack of general procedures and guidelines, as well as, a lack of expertise among decision-makers regarding tunnel monitoring. UMTA commissioned this Handbook to remove such difficulties. The principal purpose of this Handbook is to encourage and improve the use of monitoring for urban mass transit tunnels, and other deep excavations. This Handbook documents the findings of a recent UMTA construction monitoring instrumentation research project. The Handbook is directed to systems planners and managers and points out how to incorporate a successful monitoring program(s) into their systems that help to control and reduce costs. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental impacts KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Geological surveying KW - Handbooks KW - Instrumentation KW - Monitoring KW - Monitors KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Soft soils KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165746 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated TI - ERIE: SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY PY - 1977/01 SP - 175 p. AB - Since the Erie Metropolitan Transit Authority (EMTA) acquired the bus system from the Erie Coach Company in 1967, it has implemented a comprehensive program of transit improvements that has turned-around the ridership decline that was apparent up to 1967 with the result that annually over 5.5 million passengers are now carried on EMTA bus compared to the 3 million in 1967. The purpose of this study is to update EMTA's 1969 Transit Development Program, that is, to maintain planning and capital certification and therefore remain eligible for State and Federal funds. This document contains the Transit Element of Erie's Transportation System Management Program. The program's findings and recommendations serve as the plan (six-year) for maintaining and improving mass transit in Erie. Improvements to transit in Erie have been identified in five major areas: management, marketing, fare structure, service, and capital. This report presents the results of the transit update study: 1) Background information includes a description of existing services and an evaluation on how well services correlate with specific community characteristics; 2) Community attitudes toward transit are examined; 3) An evaluation is made of the adequacy of existing service in terms of PennDOT standards and service; and 4) Capital, management, and marketing improvmeents are examined. The Appendix (A) contains a synopsis of interviews with social service agency representatives. This report suggests that the future for mass transit in Erie will continue to be one where buses, rather than more elaborate modes, will provide the basic intracommunity public transportation service. /UMTA/ KW - Businesses KW - Community values KW - Economic conditions KW - Economics KW - Fares KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Social values KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00157189 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PEOPLE MOVEMENT FOR DOWNTOWN IMPROVEMENT PY - 1977/01 SP - 26 p. AB - Information on the range of pedestrian and transportation improvements available for the improvement of the downtown movement system is presented. These improvements include simple and low cost innovations such as temporary street closing (closed to vehicles),sidewalk widening, and pedestrian and bus passenger shelters, as well as more expensive propositions. Escalators, elevated skyways or public walkways below street level, and moving walkways for conveying standing or walking passengers in a straight line either level or up a moderate grade are also suggested. Free or reduced fare bus service is appropriate in large business and recreational areas. Traffic lanes along curb or within the center median may be used exclusively by buses or shared with taxis or carpools. Park and ride facilities at the edge of the city center and paratransit services like the jitney and the minibus will also help movement within the CBD. People movers consisting of separated or entrained driverless electric cars (of 6 to 60 passenger capacity) which operate on exclusive guideways, and other fixed guideway systems (aerial tramways, electric trolley buses, Light Rail Transit) are also discussed. The pedestrian mall (closed to vehicles) and transit malls (for exclusive use by transit and pedestrians) are further possible innovations. Examples of the successful use of these improvements are described, and their typical operation, range of capacity and capital, and operation and maintenance costs are summarized. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Central business districts KW - Costs KW - Escalators KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Guideways KW - Improvements KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Paratransit services KW - Park and ride KW - Pavement widening KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Pedestrian malls KW - People movers KW - Sidewalks KW - Traffic restraint KW - Walkways KW - Widening UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178245 AU - Ervin, R D AU - Highway Safety Research Institute TI - NOISE AND TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIAL-PLY TRUCK TIRES PY - 1977/01 SP - 74 p. AB - This project has established a data base of noise and traction characteristics for a sample of six radial-ply heavy truck tires. The tire sample, representing both "rib" and "lug" type trend patterns, was tested according to procedures similar to those specified in Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice J57, Sound Level of Highway Truck Tires, and in a variety of laboratory and over-the-road traction experiments. Measurements of cornering stiffness and both lateral and longitudinal traction limits indicate that, unlike bias-ply heavy truck tires, radial-ply truck tires cannot be generally classified into distinct performance categories according to tread type. Further, the radial-ply lug tire is found to exhibit a smaller increment in noise level over the radial rib than is seen for bias-ply lug and bias-ply rib tires. These data complement comparable data in the open literature for bias-ply tires. /HSRI/ KW - Bias (Statistics) KW - Databases KW - Radial ply tires KW - Radial tires KW - Sound level KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Trucks UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/70637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159609 AU - Becklenberg, M K AU - Chicago Department of Development and Planning TI - CENTRAL AREAS ACCESS STUDY, TECHNICAL REPORT I: DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOR SPACE FILES FOR TRIP GENERATION PY - 1977/01 SP - 32 p. AB - The Access Study is designed to assess the impacts of major transit and roadway improvements on the environment and travel behavior in 327 micro-area analysis zones of the 10.5 square mile Central Area of Chicago for three and ten year horizon forecasts of land use. This technical report documents the sources of, and the procedures used to develop floor space and dwelling unit data for trip generation. The data base is an inventory of all buildings in the Central Area coded by use. A 1975 file was prepared, and backdated to 1970 to relate to region-wide 1970 Home Interview travel data. Forecasts were prepared for 1978 and 1985. Employment and other data not used are reviewed. Tables of floor space and dwelling units, and the trip generation process are not presented. /Author/ KW - Access KW - Central business districts KW - Databases KW - Environment KW - Floor space KW - Forecasting KW - Housings KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153979 AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS AND REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1977/01 SP - 505 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Accounting KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Information processing KW - Legislation KW - Management information systems KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070626 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Buffalo light rail rapid transit project construction : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070624 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Red Line extension, Harvard Square to Arlington Heights, Boston : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft(2v), Final(3v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830009 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070623 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - North transit operating base, Seattle : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft, Draft Appendix KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070621 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Plainfield Corridor service project, Port Authority Trans-Hudson extension from Newark to Plainfield : environmental impact statement PY - 1977///Volumes held: Draft(2v) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New Jersey UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159374 AU - RRC International Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. OPERATIONS OF SMALL BUSES IN URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1977 SP - 610p-in 6v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00784736 AU - Gruver, George W AU - Hoffman Information Identification, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPREHENSIVE FIELD TEST AND EVALUATION OF AN ELECTRONIC SIGNPOST AVM SYSTEM : FINAL REPORT PY - 1977 SP - 2 v. AB - Presents results of tests of a direct proximity electronic signpost Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system conducted under operational conditions in Philadelphia. Tests involved operation of a test vehicle while operating as a random route vehicle and a fixed route vehicle. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/638045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773013 AU - Reed, H David AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF COSTS AND BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH AVM PY - 1977 SP - 256 p. in various pagings AB - Examines the economic viability of Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) technology for a range of users and their unique applications. The report examines other installations throughout North America and Europe to extract empirical evidence needed to substantiate cost saving possibilities both for single and multiple user applications. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772957 AU - Stapleton, R AU - Chambers, F AU - Teledyne Systems Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LORAN AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM, PHASE I PY - 1977 SP - 2 v. AB - Presents results of the evaluation phase of a two phase program to develop an Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system for the Southern California Rapid Transit District in Los Angeles, California. Tests were previously conducted on a Loran based location subsystem to evaluate system and subsystem performance on fixed route and random route vehicles. Performance characteristics measured include location accuracy, time of passage accuracy, and coverage. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/491507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454936 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WORKSHOP ON METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSIT CRIME REDUCTION MEASURES IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS-PROCEEDINGS PY - 1977 SP - 123 p. AB - The substance of panel discussions and the text of two papers are presented from a Workshop on New Transit Security Evaluation Methodology, with particular emphasis on automated guideway transit systems. The U.S. Department of Transportation/Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of New Systems and Automation sponsored a security workshop conducted by the Transportation Systems Center in May 1976. The panel on transit security operations discussed practices and problems in the evaluation of security measures on mass transit systems and the means employed to improve the effectiveness of current methods of evaluations. In the discussions of the panel on transit security research, new methodology was outlined to evaluate the effectiveness of transit security measures, with due consideration for limitations of both current and new methodology. The panel on automated transit planning described various types of automated systems currently in use and new automated systems under development. The panel also explored the role of security in the development of these systems and how that role might be improved. A paper entitled "Loss Prevention and Security for Transit Systems: A Perspective" assesses the financial losses and harm to persons resulting from transit-related crime and vandalism. Financial losses and security hazards are compared with the possible costs of insurance and physical deterrents to crime and vandalism. A second paper entitled "Developing a Methodology for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Crime Reduction Measures for Mass Transit Systems" stresses the importance of obtaining meaningful data relating to the problem of safety and security on the mass transit systems. Particular attention is given to the relationship between crime on mass transit systems and crime in the neighborhoods in which the systems operate. Criteria for evaluating crime reduction efforts on mass transit systems are developed, and data-gathering methods for evaluation are suggested. The information contained in this report is considered relevant to transit security planners and researchers, law enforcement agencies, planners of automated guideway transit systems, and persons concerned with the problems of crime and vandalism in transit systems. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Insurance KW - Neighborhoods KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Police KW - Public transit KW - Security KW - Transportation safety KW - Vandalism UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182071 AU - Boston University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSTRAM PY - 1977 SP - 339 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Computer programs KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Scheduling KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75700 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179089 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Selinger, Carl S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGING TRANSPORTATION DEMAND BY ALTERNATIVE WORK SCHEDULE TECHNIQUES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 67-74 AB - The management of urban transportation demand involves a number of techniques to reduce congestion by altering peak demand patterns. This paper discusses several transportation system management elements and focuses on alternative work schedule techniques such as staggered and flexible work hours and the shortened workweek. Alternative work schedules are deemed to be the most promising approach to managing transportation demand since such techniques are usually highly cost effective, are popularly received, entail nontransportation societal benefits, and can be implemented quickly. The effectiveness and state of practice of various alternative work schedule techniques are discussed, and a recommended approach for studying, implementing, and evaluating such techniques is presented. Brief case studies are given of programs in urban areas. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Hours of labor KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Staggered work hours KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation KW - Weekdays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74278 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179071 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Koski, David R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAFFIC OPERATIONS IMPROVEMENTS TO MANAGE AND CONTROL THE FLOW OF VEHICLES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 6-7 AB - The conclusions of this workshop are as follows: Long-range (20-year) transportation planning is clearly necessary; however, those long-range plans must be flexible and subject to change since frequently they do not deal adequately with local transportation operations, funding cannot be secured to implement them, and transportation modes, methods, and attitudes change because of fluctuations in the economy, environmental concerns, and development. TSM does not mean that everybody travels by transit but that all forms of transportation are integrated to obtain optimum efficiency within the public right-of-way provided. TSM should not become overly complicated and cannot be tied up in red tape; Federal administrative requirements for acquiring and accounting of funds may render TSM inefficient and even impossible to accomplish. MPOs that are not properly structured should not approve federally funded programs. In some instances, the state department of transportation may provide more efficient transportation system programming, planning, and implementation in those states that are primarily nonurbanized. Lastly, MPOs should not be given responsibility for implementing transportation programs. Instead, they should solicit and incorporate the recommendations of those who are responsible for transportation system operation. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal government KW - Highway operations KW - Highway traffic control KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan government KW - Regulations KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74260 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167108 AU - Wolff, B C AU - Scholnick, P H AU - ABT Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MARTA TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION IN DECATUR, GEORGIA - A CASE STUDY OF IMPACTS. PHASE II PY - 1977 SP - 138 p. AB - The focus of this report is on the assessment-forecasting relationship, namely, how to assess impacts and then to illustrate how those actual impacts could have been forecast. This report presents a case study conducted in Decatur, Georgia, in order to assess the disruptive effects associated with the construction of rapid transit tunnels for the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) East Line. This case study has three objectives: (1) to pilot test the assessment methodology developed, (2) to refine the methodology as a forecasting tool; and (3) to develop mitigation procedures. A socio-economic profile of Decatur is presented. Impacts of the construction are considered, both in general and specific terms. KW - Businesses KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Demographics KW - Disturbances KW - Economic analysis KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Externalities KW - Forecasting KW - Georgia KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reference groups KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunneling KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198143 AU - Merrimack Valley Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Transportation Systems Associates TI - ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION PLAN PY - 1977 SP - 134 p. AB - This transportation plan has been prepared to provide direction in meeting the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped population in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley Planning Commission (MVPC) region. The federal mandate for transportation planning and the implementation of transportation services for the elderly and handicapped is discussed. Social service transportation is analyzed for the region in terms of regularly scheduled service, volunteer service, and client - restricted service. Information on the available fixed bus route service in the region is presented. Data on the size of the region's elderly and handicapped population, based on the 1970 Census, are also presented. The demand for transportation service through the development of ridership estimates is examined. Various types of transit service and management structures that could be employed to operate a transit system for the elderly and handicapped are noted. Appropriate concepts for the MVPC region are fixed route service, demand - responsive service, and user side subsidy. Cooperation, coordination, and consolidation are viewed as significant alternatives in the operation of a transportation system for the elderly and handicapped. Recommendations for establishing a transportation system for the elderly and handicapped in the MVPC region are offered, including detailed service recommendations and costs. Consideration is given to funding, monitoring, evaluating, and marketing special transportation services. Additional information on the plan for the MVPC region is appended, as well as a social service agency questionnaire. KW - Accessibility KW - Adults KW - Age groups KW - Aged KW - Clients KW - Coordination KW - Deficiencies KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disabled KW - Fixed routes KW - Governments KW - Level of service KW - Mental condition KW - Mental deficiencies KW - Organizations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Recommendations KW - Service agencies KW - Service related organizations KW - Services KW - Social service KW - Special service KW - Substate government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88978 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179074 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kemp, Michael A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT OF DEMAND PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 9-10 AB - The scope of the workshop discussion was with the manipulation of work schedules to influence patterns of demand for urban transportation facilities. Experience suggests that the abandonment of uniform working hours is popular with employees and employers. Furthermore, society at large gains from the reduction of peak-hour congestion on transportation facilities. As to maximizing the beneficial transportation consequences, the best form of work schedule adjustment appears to be the most radical: flexible working hours. The New York City experience suggests that flexible working hours are more difficult to promote to employers than are less radical forms of schedule adjustment. The 4-day workweek appears to be the least popular form of schedule adjustment with employers, and to a lesser extent with employees too. A local government that is strongly committed to promoting staggered work hours should also consider fiscal or legal incentives for firms to participate. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Economics KW - Hours of labor KW - Legal factors KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered work hours KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban transportation KW - Weekdays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74263 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179085 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goettee, David AU - Cadotte, Ernest R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FREIGHT MOVEMENT: A CRUCIAL COMPONENT OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 37-43 AB - This paper points out how important freight movement is to the functioning of the urban economy, how urban development can be encouraged by including freight movement in the urban transportation planning process, and how the inclusion of freight movement is both logically and legally supported. It is appropriate to apply planning funds to freight movements if these activities are included in the unified planning work program. Thus, the types of freight planning activities considered appropriate can be as varied as the cities that apply for those funds as a portion of their unified planning work programs. The important role of freight planning in the transportation system management (TSM) element is explored. Examples are given of TSM actions that can significantly improve the flow of both freight and people by reducing the conflicts between these essential activities. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Economics KW - Freight transportation KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74274 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179092 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tober, Ronald J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVING SERVICE QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE USE OF SERVICE STANDARDS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 86-91 AB - This paper describes the service policy of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for surface public transportation and its use in urban transportation system management. The establishment and use of a comprehensive statement of service policy are discussed in the context of TSM objectives. Such a service policy, which contains service goals and objectives, service standards and guidelines, and planning and evaluation procedures, provides the transit manager with a management control framework for monitoring service performance and identifying remedial actions that will improve the quality of service and the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation. The paper describes how MBTA uses the control framework embodied in its service policy to identify both general service improvements and some specific TSM service improvements such as reserved bus lanes on arterial streets. The paper concludes by discussing how the MBTA service policy through cooperative planning has begun to make local city and town policy makers more sensitive to transit operations, thereby enhancing the prospects for successful implementation of potentially controversial TSM projects. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bus transportation KW - Level of service KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Reserved routes KW - Routes KW - Standards KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179099 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lloyd, Emily AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CASE STUDY PRESENTED AT THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 135-138 AB - The Boston case study deals with the development of an automobile-restricted zone (ARZ) in the retail center of the city through a reordering of circulation patterns of all the transportation elements converging in the area: private automobile, transit, service vehicles, taxis, pedestrians, and paratransit vehicles. This plan is one of several TSM elements included in the broad transportation plan for the Boston region. Two aspects of the plan are discussed in this report: First, this plan reflects the development of Boston's transportation policy during the past several years. Second, the implementation of a TSM element can be a complex process. TSM strategies, the ARZ development process, and the implementation of the ARZ plan are included in this case study. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Automobiles KW - Boston, Massachusetts, USA KW - Central business districts KW - Paratransit services KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation system management KW - Vehicle restrictions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179103 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Altshuler, Alan A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RESPONSE TO THE CASE STUDIES PRESENTED AT THE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 157-158 AB - Three questions are addressed in this article. What are the problems to which TSM is addressed? How great is the challenge of integrating the new planning requirements that have been imposed on urban areas for the past several years? And, what are the constituencies of TSM? It appears at first glance that congestion is the primary problem and that TSM is the new traffic engineering strategy for alleviating congestion. However, issues such as increased equity, increased amenity, air quality improvements, and energy conservation also appear to be primary objectives. It is not always clear the extent to which TSM is addressed explicitly to these other issues on the extent to which it is an instrument for dealing with them. With all of the various types of planning--highway, transit, paratransit, long- and short-term capital & operating--to what extent is this proving to be a nearly insuperable burden or one that is proving to be quite managable in urban areas? It is noted that in those regions that still have major highway, transit, and capital-intensive transit projects, policymakers and planners are finding it difficult to focus on TSM and paratransit kind of issues. TSM, it is noted, is an initiative that has only succeeded insofar as it has pursued modest objectives that have not inconvienced significant numbers of drivers or voters and not significantly changed the basic urban transportation system. Such constituencies as the downtown businesses, central city governments, and transit authorities may eventually enable TSM to try more bolder initiatives and become more pervasive with respect to the nature of the urban transportation system. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Businesses KW - Implementation KW - Paratransit services KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74292 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179102 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Somerfeld, Warren O AU - Hoffman, Michael AU - Favour, Thomas AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MADISON, WISCONSIN, A CASE STUDY PRESENTED AT THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 148-157 AB - This article describes the efforts undertaken by the city of Madison with respect to TSM planning and implementation. It is noted that the city already has a developed set of transportation objectives and policies. Aslo, the Madison Department of Transportation is currently engaged in developing a municipal transportation policy that will provide a policy base for the city in its dealing with the legislative bodies of the county, state, and federal governments as well as their respective administrative branches. An inventory of the existing situation that includes travel patterns, street volumes, core are parking, and the transit system is described. The major activities of the transportation system management element include the following: Improve traffic operations by managing and controlling vehicle flow; provide preferential treatment for transit and other high occupancy vehicles; provide improvements for bicycles and pedestrians; improve management and control of parking facilities; reduce peak-hour traffic; reduce vehicle use in congested areas; and, continued action to improve transit service. Improvement planning in the Madison urban area for 1976-1980 and continued efforts to increase transit management efficiency are discussed. The problems of implementing TSM are described and it is noted that the main problem involves conflict between different policies or objectives. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bicycles KW - Highway operations KW - Implementation KW - Madison, Wisconsin, USA KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Pedestrians KW - Reserved routes KW - Routes KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74291 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179075 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fisher, Ronald J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ACTIONS TO REDUCE VEHICLE USE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 10-12 AB - The workshop identified a list of objectives and constituencies that were relevant to TSM. Five categoreis were developed: National objectives, citizen participation objectives, transit objectives, taxpayer objectives, and local and national government objectives. Several general conclusions were drawn from the discussion: There may be negative reactions to TSM, especially if it involves reducing vehicle use; a careful understanding should be developed of local public objectives, and public involvement and support should be reached before moving ahead with TSM actions; efforts must be made to define local transportation problems and to analyze closely alternative solutions in which the public is involved. Although TSM may be viewed as a set of projects, it is also a planning process emphasizing short-term, low capital solutions that may also complement long-term capital intensive solutions, which are the traditional focus of this process. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Automobiles KW - Federal government KW - Local government KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74264 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179077 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Patricelli, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEFINITION, OBJECTIVES, AND IMPLICATIONS OF TSM PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 14-17 AB - Transportation system management is a process for planning and operating a unitary system of urban transportation. Its key objective is conservation of fiscal resources, of energy, of environmental quality, and of quality of urban life. Broader implications of and issues raised by the TSM concept include (a) the need for a national policy on urban conservation (the federal government cannot set local land use policy, but it must restore locational neutrality to its programs); (b) institutional challenges (all elements of the urban transportation system cannot be treated in a unitary way unless the various governments cooperate fully; (c) federal support of TSM (UMTA may need transit operating funding to seed TSM operations); and (d) urban transportation and private ownership (UMTA should attempt some demonstration of private ownership of multipurpose urban transportation systems). /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Environment KW - Federal government KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fund allocations KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74266 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179098 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kelm, Douglas AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLEMENTING TSM: A DISCUSSION PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 132-134 AB - Selected viewpoints of the public sector, the business community, and the media regarding the implementation of TSM are highlighted. For the elected official it is noted that the major problem is one of communication. Measures adopted that will ultimately affect the freedom of citizens to come and go as they please require prior communication. Citizen involvement is one way of opening channels of communication and allowing for citizen input. With respect to the business community, it is noted that unless they are involved. TSM actions such as staggered work hours, and carpool programs will not be as successful as they could be with respect to the media, it is noted that relations could be improved by informing the press of the conferences, better timing of press conferences and more cooperation. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Businesses KW - Carpools KW - Districts and authorities KW - Government agencies KW - Hours of labor KW - Implementation KW - Mass media KW - Media KW - Press coverage KW - Public participation KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74287 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179096 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Horowitz, Joel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING TRANSPORTATION ELEMENTS TO MEET ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 122-127 AB - Controversy over the relation between air quality requirements and urban transportation planning appears to center around two basic issues. The first is whether the implementation of transportation measures that improve air quality is consistent with the achievement of other transportation objectives. The second concerns the changes in the planning process needed to accommodate air quality requirements. This paper outlines the basic elements of a potential resolution of these issues. The transportation measures that have been proposed to improve air quality are virtually identical to the measures now being proposed to achieve a wide variety of other transportation objectives. However, the various measures are not necessarily equally effective in improving air quality and achieving other objectives. Thus, the process of selecting transportation measures for implementation often will involve making trade-offs between air quality objectives and other objectives. The need for such trade-offs is recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency, and the changes in the transportation planning process needed to enable the trade-offs to be made are consistent with current planning trends. However, three problem areas may require further attention in the future: encouraging the implementation of innovative demand-management approaches, developing procedures for mediating disputes between EPA and state and local agencies over the rate at which transportation change should take place, and preventing the planning process from becoming overly cumbersome. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environment KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74285 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179084 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - van Gelder, William G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAFFIC OPERATION IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 35-37 AB - Transportation system management applied to traffic engineering operations requires reevaluating basic transportation needs of those who walk, use public transportation, or drive automobiles. Replacing existing control mechanisms is not adequate. New ways must be devised for optimally sharing limited rights-of-way. Signs, channelization, traffic signals, reversible lanes, and ramp-metering policies are discussed in this paper. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Automobiles KW - Channelization KW - Highway operations KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Ramp metering KW - Reversible traffic lanes KW - Right of way KW - Traffic KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Traffic signs KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74273 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179091 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ross, Harry S AU - Maull, Perry J AU - Smerk, George M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES APPLIED TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 81-86 AB - Management by objectives requires input by all members of the management and supervisory staff of an organization; efforts are aimed at the achievement of stated results or objectives. Transportation system management in urban areas demands that transit and highway interests join forces in developing plans and action programs to make better use of existing facilities. This paper explores both management by objectives and transportation system management and provides suggestions on how the MBO technique can be used to design a TSM action plan. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74280 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179093 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hackley, Thomas AU - Guenther, Karl W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DIAL-A-RIDE AS AN ELEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 91-94 AB - The Ann Arbor Transportation Authority has been practicing transportation system management since 1973. The most important program element is the incremental implementation of demand-responsive services that operate in close coordination with the line bus system. Ridership has tripled during the past 3 years. Management of such a system is difficult. Political leaders are not easily satisfied; some want a high-efficiency, high-capacity line bus system; others want a small, stable, unchanging system. Neither side can always accept that constant incremental change is the proper way to achieve the desired end state. The Ann Arbor Transportation Authority must also work with other transportation agencies to ensure coordination and within its own staff to maintain the momentum that has been responsible for its success. This paper describes the Ann Arbor Transportation System and the planning philosophy behind that system as it relates to TSM. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Implementation KW - Paratransit services KW - Politics KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74282 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179097 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Grant, Albert A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF THE MPO IN FORMULATING THE TSM ELEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 127-132 AB - Developing and implementing effective transportation system management elements in urban transportation plans will depend greatly on the ability of the metropolitan planning organization to develop an acceptable institutional framework for cooperation and joint action that does not detract from the basic responsibility and authority of participating local and state agencies. MPOs, particularly those operating within the framework of councils of governments, can play a key role in the further refinement and implementation of TSM elements because of their ability to work with local and state policy and decision makers to achieve consensus in a metropolitan area. Because of their concerns with a wide range of functional and social service goals and needs, MPOs can recommend trade-offs among competing objectives, identify opportunities for applying locally successful TSM measrues to other parts of a metropolitan region, and integrate and relate TSM planning to other elements of the areawide transportation planning process. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - City planning KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Police powers KW - Politics KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74286 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179078 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tiemann, Norbert T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HEADING IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 17-19 AB - This paper discusses how the Federal Highway Administration arrived at the policy of transportation system management, why FHWA thinks TSM is important, and just how it will contribute to improving urban transportation. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal government KW - Policy KW - Transportation system management KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74267 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179076 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mundy, Ray A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ACTIONS TO IMPROVE TRANSIT MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 12-13 AB - Workshop participants began by listing the following areas in which improvements could be made in the management efficiency of transit operations: Service standards, commuter market approaches, organization of planning and operations; integration of paratransit, use of standard cost information, role of state departments of transportation, integration of control, small capital improvements, marketing, parking strategies, and payment of transit fares. However, only the first four topics were fully discussed. The workshop agreed that adequate service standards were needed but that provisions should be made so that new forms of public transportation would not be hindered by strict adherence to such service standards. The majority of the participants agreed that the cost of providing service to commuter markets with additional fixed-route, fixed-schedule transit systems or even express systems appeared to outweigh the benefits derived. With respect to paratransit, the discussion concluded with the general feeling that no one approach could be viewed as a panacea but that experimentation was needed with a variety of approaches to see what could be achieved in various urban areas. With respect to planning and operations, participants concluded that closer cooperation was necessary between planning and operation, and that an organizational form that encompassed both these functions with appropriate control mechanisms was highly desirable. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Commuting KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74265 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179083 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hunter, Robert N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT VIEW OF TSM PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 33-34 AB - Transportation system management is not a new concept but has been practiced as long as there have been transportation facilities. The need now is to have a balanced transportation system in which each mode does the job that it is best suited to do and for which there is an expressed need or desire. In addition, one mode is not artificially enhanced by impeding the efficiency of another mode. Achieving a balanced transportation system requires the cooperative efforts of all agencies involved. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - State highway departments KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74272 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179090 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Crain, John AU - Glazer, Larry AU - Higgins, Tom AU - Koffman, David AU - Ross, Dale AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ACTIONS TO REDUCE VEHICLE USE IN CONGESTED AREAS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 74-81 AB - Federal TSM guidelines are used as a basis for four broad groups of measures for reducing vehicle use in congested areas. Within each group, examples of specific measures now in use or planned for implementation are presented. These are classified according to their important operational features; their advantages and problems are discussed. The four groups are (a) voluntary measures to increase vehicle occupancy, such as single-destination or regionwide car pooling, subscription buses, van pooling, and shared-ride taxi; (b) pricing mechanisms using supplementary or area licenses, parking surcharges, automatic vehicle identification, on-vehicle meters, and manual toll collection; (c) physical and operational restraint of vehicles by means of complete or partial street closures, traffic cells, traffic signals, and intersection modifications; and (d) peak-hour truck restrictions using permits or vehicle-size limitations. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Carpools KW - Fees KW - Implementation KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Ridesharing KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic control devices KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Vanpools KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74279 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179101 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wright, Douglas G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PORTLAND, OREGON, A CASE STUDY PRESENTED AT THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 142-148 AB - The nature and purpose of many decisions, programs, and projects acted on in the city of Portland and in the Portland region before the final regulations conserving TSM were set forth, were consistent with the objectives and rationale of the TSM program. Because of this and because of the relatively high level of success on TSM efforts in Portland, the Portland experience provides a perspective on the early application of the TSM approach. More specifically, the TSM experience in Portland offers some useful insights on the relation between broad policies and TSM strategies and projects, considerations that should be addressed in the implementation of individual TSM projects, and apparent problems that must be confronted if TSM is to play an effective role in regional transportation planning and implementation process. TSM projects undertaken include the efficient use of road space, vehicle reduction in congested areas, and actions to improve transit service. It is noted that the public acceptance of TSM projects, flexibility of projects after completion, the simultaneous development of several projects, and a strong transportation policy direction are prerequisites to the eventual success of TSM. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Implementation KW - Portland, Oregon, USA KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Strategy KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74290 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179086 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goodman, Joseph M AU - Morin, Donald A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 44-48 AB - Preferential treatment for buses and car pools is one of the transportation system management actions that can be applied in many areas to promote shifts by commuters from low-occupancy automobiles to carpools and buses. Although the concept is relatively new, the experience gained from projects undertaken in many cities with diverse conditions has shown that it does work. Dramatic results have been achieved on I-95 in northern Virginia where two bus and car-pool lanes handle 17,000 persons/lane during the peak hour with space capacity. There are many different ways that buses and car pools can be given preferential treatment depending on the type of highway facility. Traffic flow models are available to facilitate the simulation of various alternatives strategies, and projects are eligible for Federal Highway Administration and Urban Mass Transportation Administration program funds. With the increased attention on TSM and the expression of it in the transportation improvement programs, traffic engineering, transit operating, and enforcement agencies must work cooperatively with metropolitan planning organizations to develop and implement more preferential treatment projects. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway capacity KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Simulation KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation system management KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74275 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179072 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goodman, Leon AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR TRANSIT AND OTHER HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 7-8 AB - The workshop noted the critical importance of law enforcement, cooperation and compliance when implementing bus or carpool preferential lanes. Primarily because of safety considerations, a major current issue is whether to permit car pools in contraflow, high-occupancy vehicle lanes. Participants thought that carpools could be admitted to contraflow lanes on a permit basis, thus allowing some type of screening and education for potential operators in the lane. If there is no shoulder or buffer lane available for use as a breakdown area, then carpools, even with permit should not be admitted to contraflow lanes. Successful implementation of high-occupancy vehicle lanes is dependent on a carefully planned public information and education program. Preferential treatments should be used to develop new transit ridership in predominantly automobile-dominant territories as well as maintain existing ridership in areas where transit services are already established. It is noted that a preferential treatment that can be readily seen by motorists has a greater potential for automobile-to-transit diversion than a treatment that improves transit travel but is not too visible. The consensus of the workshop was that special facilities for high-occupancy vehicles should be considered for all highway-widening projects, particularly those that are radially oriented. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Carpools KW - Education KW - Law enforcement KW - Public transit KW - Reserved routes KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74261 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179073 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Twomey, Edward J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF PARKING PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 8-9 AB - Workshop discussion centered on an example of some problems that are encountered when attempts to manage parking are undertaken. An example is given that illustrates the pragmatic problems that urban areas face in seeking to gain some control over previously unchecked and unplanned parking construction. It is noted that dramatic changes in parking pricing and availability simply are not feasible in the majority of urban areas where sufficient alternatives to single-occupancy vehicle travel are missing. The following solutions were explored as a means of achieving some controls over parking: Reserving some of the excess supply of convenient CBD parking for carpoolers; appeal to major employers to provide car-pooling and van-pooling services; and improved transit services, especially express service in the peak periods. A more long range solution involves changing present zoning laws which require a minimum number of parking per unit of development, to a zoning law that would place a maximum ceiling on the number of parking spaces per unit of development. Management of parking under TSM is transportation planning, and it should be a part of any regulation that purports to influence noncaptial transportation improvements. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Parking KW - Parking costs KW - Parking regulations KW - Pay parking KW - Public transit KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Vanpools KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74262 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179070 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosenbloom, Sandra AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTRODUCTION, SUMMARY AND FINDINGS OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 1-5 AB - The conference on Transportation System Management (TSM) was designed to address three objectives: To provide the latest information and requirements; to provide the latest information on experiences with the actual implementation of a range TSM actions; and, to examine the emphasis of the regulations on a regional or metropolitan planning perspective. Throughout the conference, three major issues arose continually in the substantive and information presentations as well as during the discussions of the implementation of individual TSM actions: TSM as a planning process and the role of the MPO's in that process; perceived conflict between short-term and long-term transportation objectives; and, public involvement and acceptance of TSM actions. Two additional key issues stand out. The first is the question of the appropriate role for a planning professional in an MPO and the appropriate role for the MPO given its authority and resources. The second issue stems from the frustration felt by many of the participants when hearing case histories of both successful and unsuccessful TSM actions. The difficulty of identifying the "right" and "wrong" way before a project is actually started. Papers on each of the major topics addressed during the conference appears in the volume. Also included are reports of the workshop discussions and the case studies of cities in which TSM actions have been or are being implmented. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Case studies KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan government KW - Public participation KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74259 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00165384 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES: EVOLUTION OF FEDERAL POLICY PY - 1977 IS - 177 SP - 38p AB - The findings are presented of two successful conferences which formed the foundation of a unique process of federal rule-making, and the underlying process that culminated in the conferences is discussed. The availablility of new funds for urban mass transportation in 1974 raised complex questions of equitable resource allocation. Reaching answers to these questions involved the developing of concensus on a series of compromise solutions that would best reconcile the competing demands of different claimants. The first conference in February 1975 reached agreement on five principles which dealt with regional multimodal strategy, incremental planning, managing of the existing system, framework for evaluation, and public involvement. Cost effectiveness and usable segments were other areas of Administration's (UMTA) description of the implementation of 1976 was to review the Urban Mass Transportation Administrations (UMTA) description of the implementation of the proposed policy as well as to review on the revised policy on Urban Mass Transportation Investment. A number of related issues were discussed at both conferences. Documents prepared by UMTA as background to the conferences are discussed. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Alternatives: Evolution of Federal PolicyUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19750223 EndDate:19750226 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Commuter service KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Government policies KW - Implementation KW - Light rail transit KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Policy KW - Policy making KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Substitutes KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/59990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305542 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTHWEST INDIANA TRANSIT SYSTEM PROGRAM PY - 1977 SP - 335 p. AB - No abstract available. KW - Amtrak KW - Chicago South Shore and South Bend Railroad KW - Commuter service KW - Indiana KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144008 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00185297 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - 163 p. AB - This publication contains workshop reports, conference papers and case studies that were presented at the conference on Transportation System Management (TSM). The conference addressed three objectives: provision of the latest information on DOT policies and requirements, the provision of the latest information on experiences with the actual implementation of a range of individual TSM actions, the examination of the emphasis of the regulations on a regional or metropolitan planning perspective. The conference emphasized urban areas that had or were having success in implementing TSM actions. Three major issues were highlighted in the presentations as well as during the discussion of implementation of individual TSM actions. The issues are: TSM as a planning process and the role of metropolitan planning organizations in that process, perceived conflict between short-term and long-range transportation objectives and public involvement and acceptance of TSM actions. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Administration KW - Case studies KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Regulations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/80759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197452 AU - Ben-Akiva, M E AU - Adler, T J AU - Jacobson, J AU - Manheim, M L AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPERIMENTS TO CLARIFY PRIORITIES IN URBAN TRAVEL FORECASTING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1977 SP - 144 p. AB - This final report summarizes the results of a research project to develop improved urban travel forecasting procedures. The project was initiated in 1973 shortly after the Conference of Urban Travel Demand Forecasting (December 1972). Participants of the Conference concluded that significant changes should be made to existing travel forecasting procedures. The objectives of this project are: to investigate recent developments in travel forecasting; to conduct theoretical and empirical comparisons of alternative procedures; and to develop recommendations for further research and development. In the report, the results of a case study which compares alternative forecasting models are presented. The case study indicates empirically significant differences between forecasts from fully specified, consistent travel demand models and forecasts from simplified travel demand models. The simplified models were structured so as to represent conventional forecasting models. Further case study experiments with market segmentation and equilibration demonstrate the empirical importance of these procedures in terms of forecasting accuracy. KW - Development KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88635 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179106 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Robinson, Carlton C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REACTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 161-162 AB - This article presents some general concluding remarks about TSM. It is noted that the principle federal role seems to be changing--a shift of federal dollars from long-term to short-term objectives. If the federal source of long-term investment is eroded away because it is being spent on some of the shorter term areas the cities and counties and states are not necessarily going to be in a position to pickup up the burden of the needed long term investment. Another significant change associated with TSM is the role of the MPO. Are they to form a new layer of government between local and state governments, or are they to be a coordinating mechanism only. A successful TSM effort has to have specific objectives, a set of priorities, and ways to handle the trade-offs among conflicting objectives. It is noted that there are already a number of people who get to work in some kind of multiple-occupancy vehicle, and there is a growing trend toward flexible working hours. Both of these are helping to solve peak-hour transportation problems, therefore, it is necessary that TSM projects be addressed to the real and the right problems. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Carpools KW - City planning KW - County government KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Local government KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74295 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179088 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ellis, Raymond H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARKING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 54-67 AB - This paper provides an overview of the range of parking management strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the strategies and the considerations pertinent to their implementation in specific metropolitan areas. Because of the current interest in transportation system management, the paper is organized around the categories of parking management and control actions identified in the TSM regulations. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Control KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parking KW - Strategy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74277 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179100 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dallam, Larry AU - Alderson, Stephen AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, A CASE STUDY PRESENTED AT THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 138-142 AB - This paper describes the transportation system management (TSM) approach to planning and development in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. This paper presents a brief overview of long-range planning in the area and an abstract of the plan. Several TSM projects that have been implemented are generally described to indicate the basis for the optimistic confidence the area has in the TSM approach to planning and implementation. The Twin Cities transportation plan, both its long-range and TSM elements, is based in great part on the knowledge derived from past projects designed to more effectively use existing investments. The TSM projects include bus on metered freeway, preferential transit lanes, computer traffic control system, skyways, and pooling. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bus transportation KW - Carpools KW - Computers KW - Footbridges KW - Implementation KW - Metering KW - Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota, USA KW - Reserved routes KW - Routes KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74289 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179107 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Deen, Thomas B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REACTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 162-163 AB - This article discusses TSM from a federal, local, and professional perspective. It is noted that the concept of TSM has been accepted at the local level, however, the federal government will have to accept the fact that TSM actions are longer-term and not necessarily a simple solution to a complex problem. Because so many TSM solutions are not highly visible, more citizen participation and public relations are needed. At the local level, the diversity of institutional arrangements and the essentialness of that diversity is stressed. It is noted that many communities that have a history of successful intergovernmental relations will be able to accommodate TSM with no difficulty. On the other hand, those that have had a history of tension and struggle for a variety of reasons may have a great difficulty in initiating TSM actions. If local planning is to be effective then traffic engineers and transit operators are going to have to move quickly into TSM planning. Community participation and the involvement of officials and the media is strongly recommended. For transportation officials, it is necessary that they remain aware of the pitfalls of big solutions that have not been well planned. Also, they should be aware of the changing moods of their constituenties and be prepared to face that change. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal government KW - Implementation KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Traffic engineers KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74296 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179079 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Garrison, W L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPROVING PUBLIC FACILITY SYSTEMS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 19-27 AB - This paper seeks to evaluate TSM within the larger context of the problems and characteristics of transportation and other public facility systems. Necessary to this are two other objectives: identify the problems and characteristics of public facility systems and identifying strategies for improving their performance. The discussion is cast at the level of a class of systems. No attempt is made to evaluate the degree to which each public facility holds to the characteristics of the class of systems, although particular systems will be referred to in order to illustrate points or where an exception is illuminating. TSM is addressed at the end of the paper to provide a perspective on the problems it seeks to solve and on over expectations from it. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Facilities KW - Strategy KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74268 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179081 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mertz, William L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT FROM THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION PERSPECTIVE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 29-30 AB - This paper reviews the history of federal aid to highways as it relates to those improvements that are now considered to be within the scope of transportation system management. Examples are given of current federal programs that provide funds for TSM improvements. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal aid KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74270 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179094 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Remak, Roberta AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROBLEMS OF PACKAGING TSM ACTIVITIES: DIFFERING OBJECTIVES, CONFLICTS BETWEEN ACTIVITIES, AND INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 94-100 AB - This paper addresses the problems of selecting effective combinations of TSM activities in light of the broad and sometimes conflicting transportation goals to be achieved and considers some of the institutional implications of programs calling for the cooperation and approval of several public agencies and private organizations. Various federal and state programs and special local concerns represent a number of different social, environmental, and energy-conservation objectives that can be affected by a TSM program. No TSM activity can meet all of these objectives equally well, and local planners must evaluate the proposed program in terms of first one objective and then another to select the combination of activities that offers the best compromise. Both the feasibility and impact of individual TSM activities can be radically changed by being implemented at the same time. Some function more effectively in combination, and others work against each other. The TSM program must be evaluated as a whole to ensure that necessary supportive activities are included and that incompatible combinations are avoided. It is necessary to establish an institutional framework for incorporating all of the concerned agencies and organizations into the TSM planning process and to coordinate the action programs of participating public and private institutions. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Environment KW - Federal government KW - Fuel consumption KW - Local materials KW - Politics KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74283 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179087 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kraft, Walter H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE PROVISIONS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 48-54 AB - Walking and bicycle transportation modes can complement the transportation network and yield desirable social, economic, environmental, and health benefits. Among the actions that should be considered to ensure the efficient use of existing street space are the appropriate provisions for bicycle and pedestrian facilities such as bicycle paths and exclusive lanes, pedestrian malls and other means of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic, and secure and convenient storage areas for bicycles. This paper estimates that potential for travel by walking and bicycle modes and hypothesizes that this potential will continue to increase. The various options for pedestrian and bicycle facilities are described and examples are given. Pedestrian and bicycle provisions included in the transportation system management elements of the Tri-State and Delaware Valley regions are described. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Bicycles KW - Bikeways KW - Environment KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74276 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179104 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP A--DISCUSSION OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 158-159 AB - The following conclusions with respect to transportation system management were reached in workshop A. TSM has been an effective means for conveying to transportation officials that federal funds are limited and that programs seeking to achieve use of existing facilities are essential if congestion it to be relieved and energy conserved. The federal policy statements are not in line with practice in two areas: Federal agencies can only use "discretionary" programs to leverage TSM actions. When conflicts arose as a result of the implementation of policies required by EPA and DOT, federal agencies failed to support local officials. Because TSM proposals are highly controversial, state and local agencies should budget funds for citizen participation during the development of the alternatives and for the marketing of the projects after implementation. TSM elements are too frequently regarded as project plans rather than programs for transportation improvement. Lastley, success cities are those in which TSM is regarded as an extension of regional transportation improvements and where the capital agenda is satisfied. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal government KW - Fuel consumption KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Marketing KW - Public participation KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74293 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179105 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP B--DISCUSSION OF THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 159-160 AB - This workshop addresses the question, Why does TSM seem to have been more successful in some cities than in others? It is suggested that TSM has been more active and successful in regions with a strong metropolitan planning organization and a tradition of an active regional planning program. TSM was also more successful in regions that had resolved the issue of major capital projects in their regions. Another area of discussion concerned the review of TSM projects for technical competency. The mechanism suggested was throguh a local technical committee composed of technical representatives from all local and regional agencies. Lastly, there was a general need expressed for more research on the development of better means for evaluating alternative TSM projects, for quantifying and measuring trade-offs between alternative strategies and for assessing the effectiveness of various types of TSM improvements. U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Capital KW - City planning KW - Regional planning KW - Strategy KW - Technical analysis KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74294 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179108 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Berwager, Sydney D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING TRANSPORTATION ELEMENTS TO MEET ENERGY GOALS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 118-122 AB - The need too consider energy in the development of transportation plans and programs is a relatively new development. The relation between the national energy problem and state and local actions is not widely understood. This paper discusses the Federal Energy Administration's program to support the development and implementation of state energy conservation plans and describes the required and optional transportation elements of such plans. It identifies various actions that can be instituted at the state, local, and regional levels. Finally, it discusses the trade-offs that may have to be made in developing the transportation programs to meet energy, air quality, and other objectives. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Energy KW - Federal government KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Regional government KW - State government KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74297 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179080 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE REGARDING TSM PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 27-29 AB - This paper focuses on the institutional dimension of transportation system management and suggests local and federal policy to promote understanding and agreement on the institutional roles and responsibilities so that TSM is not enmeshed in debilitating jurisdictional disputes. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Federal government KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Policy KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74269 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179095 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lockwood, Stephen C AU - Wagner, Frederick A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE TSM PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 100-118 AB - This paper describes a systematic TSM planning process that begins with setting objectives and ends with monitoring the effectiveness of implemented projects. The technical requirements for the process are also discussed. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Effectiveness KW - Implementation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74284 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00179082 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gianturco, Adriana AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT VIEWPOINT OF TSM PY - 1977 IS - 172 SP - pp 30-33 AB - This paper points out the problems with instituting federal highway programs at the state level and relates those to TSM programs. The Diamond Lanes, multiple-occupancy vehicle lanes on the Santa Monica Freeway, are discussed to illustrate the reactions that can come from innovative approaches to controlling automobile travel. /Author/ U1 - Conference on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationInstitute of Transportation Engineers (ITE)Washington,District of Columbia,United States StartDate:19761107 EndDate:19761110 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) KW - Carpools KW - Federal government KW - Highway traffic control KW - Reserved routes KW - Routes KW - State departments of transportation KW - Traffic lanes KW - Transportation system management KW - United States KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/74271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00152371 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATE COMPANIES SHOULD RECEIVE MORE CONSIDERATION IN FEDERAL MASS TRANSIT PROGRAMS PY - 1976/12/10 SP - 28 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Federal aid KW - Fund allocations KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198266 AU - Goodman, C R AU - Mordecai, J M AU - Regional Planning Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAVEL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES THROUGH 1985 - AN EXTRAPOLATION OF PAST TRENDS PY - 1976/12 SP - 51 p. AB - During the next decade, traffic volumes are projected to continue increasing significantly, with about a 39 percent increase in overall traffic levels. The use of public transportation, presently 8 percent of the region's travel, is projected to increase about 13 percent. Both of these estimates are consistent with recent trends. Within the region, major variations in traffic increases are projected. The largest increases are projected for radial roads outside of the Beltway and on cross-county highways. As traffic levels increase, peak traffic congestion will deteriorate. The amount of congestion depends on the particular corridor in question. Though congestion is projected to increase, pollutants emitted and gasoline consumed by autos will most likely decrease below today's levels because of federal mandates on new car sales. KW - Air pollution KW - Automobiles KW - Beltways KW - Counties KW - Environmental impacts KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Maryland KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Radial highways KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159377 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. OPERATING PROFILES AND SMALL BUS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS IN URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1976/12 SP - 41 p. AB - The report develops a set of operating profiles and service requirements as the basis for specifications for a new small urban transit bus to meet the identified operational needs. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Level of service KW - Minibuses KW - Requirement KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159379 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. GENERAL AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR A SMALL URBAN TRANSIT BUS PY - 1976/12 SP - 148 p. AB - The report investigates the requirements for an advanced design coach which may be used for both demand-responsive and general service on urban arterial streets. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Configuration KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Design KW - Doors KW - Floors KW - Headlamps KW - Minibuses KW - Performance based specifications KW - Requirement KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats KW - Shape KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design KW - Windows KW - Windshields UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198219 AU - Goodman, C R AU - Rosapep, T AU - Regional Planning Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAVEL IN THE BALTIMORE REGION PY - 1976/12 SP - 41 p. AB - A concerted effort is being made in the Baltimore region to deal with travel and its implications on personal mobility, traffic congestion, job accessibility, economic development, parking shortages, air quality and energy consumption. To assist this effort, information has been collected on the characteristics of the region's travel. In summary, travel in the region is currently: Peaked (60% of commuter work trips are made during short rush hours); Auto dependent (88% of peak trips are in automobiles); Work trip dominated; Dominated by long trips (80% of commuter traffic on trips longer than 10 miles one way); Made in low occupancy vehicles; and Diffused. KW - Automobiles KW - Economic development KW - Highway traffic KW - Maryland KW - Mobility KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Vehicular traffic KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00195875 AU - Rouse (WV) and Company TI - TRANSIT NEEDS ANAYLSIS VOLUME II: PROCEDURE MANUAL PY - 1976/12 SP - 96 p. AB - After ten years of serious consideration of some type of steelwheel-steelrail public transit improvements, the conclusion was reached that for the forseeable future buses operating on existing streets and highways with certain modifications are the most cost-effective means to meet this region's transit needs. Attention is now focused on financing existing transit service and the improvement proposals made in this report. This volume, Volume II, provides a description of the methodology utilized in the analysis, and it is intended to provide guidelines for other urban areas. This volume consists of procedures employed in the transit dependent survey, in transit analysis of existing data sources, and in the key person community survey. In addition, Volume II includes four appendixes. The first two appendixes present the survey instruments used in both the transit dependent and the key person community surfeys. Appendix C details the survey manual used to train interviewers for the transit-dependent survey, and Appendix D desicribes the community participation program. Other reports of the Mass Transit Program are: "Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-4); "Volume I: Transit Needs Assessment, Appendixes (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-5); "Mass Transit Program for the Saint Louis Metropolitan Area" (UMTA-IT-09-0067-79-7); and "Public Acceptance Plan" (UMTA-IT-090067-79-8). /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Methodology KW - Needs assessment KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/84591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155430 AU - Brachman, M E AU - Sinha, K C AU - Pustay, M W AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF LABOR STRIKES ON BUS TRANSIT USE PY - 1976/12 SP - 149 p. AB - Strikes have become a major concern in the effort to reverse the long-term deterioration of public transportation services in this country. This study addresses the effects of strike-induced transit shutdowns on the short and long-run demand for mass transportation services. To shed light on the problem of post-strike passenger diversion, a nation-wide analysis of transit strike impacts is presented. The findings herein should prove useful to transportation planners and transit management. This study reviews the present day labor-management relationship and the collective bargaining process in the urban transit industry. Several case studies of urban transit strikes are also examined with the intent to establish the effects of the strike on the public and on its future travel patterns. KW - Attitudes KW - Bargaining KW - Bus lines KW - Collective bargaining KW - Demand KW - Deterioration KW - Economic impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Pattern recognition systems KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Seats KW - Strikes KW - Tilting seats KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159007 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Crowley, K W AU - Shaw, L AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FACILITIES FOR BETTER TRANSIT MOVEMENT: SOME ASPECTS PY - 1976/12 SP - 91 p. AB - This report represents the completion of a project which deals with the anaylsis and management of transportation facilities. The purpose is to contribute to the management of transportation systems and to provide a better environment for people movement via transit and paratransit. This report discusses bus stop utilization and impact of bus stop location; the conflict between user and system-oriented assignments of traffic to a network; the expected travel time assignment (ETTA) model; the importance of freeway incidents in shifting traffic assignments; and the response to incidents on limited access facilities. The method of study is the limited case study. Data in some cases were collected by time lapse photography and then further processed by computer programs. KW - Bus stops KW - Computer programs KW - Highway traffic KW - Impact studies KW - Networks KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Time lapse photography KW - Traffic assignment KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151745 AU - Barnes, W L AU - Xanthakos, P P AU - Chicago Urban Transportation District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PROCEEDINGS: SEMINAR ON UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS, TECHNIQUES AND SOLUTIONS HELD AT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ON OCTOBER 20-22, 1975 PY - 1976/12 SP - 438 p. AB - The seminar on "Construction Problems, Techniques and Solutions" held at the First Chicago Center in Chicago on October 20-22, 1975, was organized to focus on anticipated construction problems of the Chicago Central Area Transit Project to include underground construction techniques, new technology, ground engineering techniques (underpinning, dewatering, grouting), and involved an exchange of experiences among owners, design teams, contractors, and other pertinent agencies. Because of the continuing requests for seminar materials 19 papers prepared for the seminar follow in their entirety. The authors are identified by their titles and associations as of October 1975. Additionally, a complete summary of the panel discussion held during the last afternoon of the seminar and moderated by Mr. Nelson, CUTD Executive Director, is furnished because of the pertinent views that were expressed therein. KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Dewatering KW - Drainage KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Foundations KW - Grouting KW - Meetings KW - Structural supports KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Underground KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting KW - Underpinning KW - Water table UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165754 AU - RRC International, Incorporated TI - GENERAL AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR A SMALL URBAN TRANSIT BUS PY - 1976/12 SP - 148 p. AB - The overall objective of the Small Bus Project is the development of a general and performance specification for an advanced small urban transit bus. It is a six-phase program designed to insure that final vehicle specifications would evolve from a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the operating environment and thus have a broad applicability. The Small Bus Project is presented in six separate reports: 1) Operations of Small Buses in Urban Transit Service in the United States. This report investigates the operating environment of small buses in the U.S. and relates them to vehicle requirements; 2) Bus Characteristics Needed for Elderly and Handicapped in Urban Travel. Constraints imposed on bus design by the elderly and handicapped are outlined; 3) Operating Profiles and Small Bus Performance Requirements in Urban Transit Service. This report develops a set of operating profiles and service requirements as the basis for specifications for a new small urban transit bus to meet the identified operational needs; 4) Guidelines for the Design of Future Small Transit Buses and Bus Stops to Accommodate the Elderly and Handicapped. This report presents scenarios for the future uses and market of small buses, as well as the conceptual design for three vehicle configurations to assess the feasibility of meeting design requirements; 5) General and Performance Specifications for a Small Urban Transit Bus. Requirements for an advanced design coach which may be used for both demand-responsive and general service on urban arterial streets are presented; 6) Small Transit Bus Requirements Study. This report summarizes the findings presented in the five project reports. /FHWA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus stops KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Highway operations KW - Minibuses KW - Performance based specifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Traffic KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165771 AU - RRC International, Incorporated TI - OPERATING PROFILES AND SMALL BUS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS IN URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1976/12 SP - 41 p. AB - The overall objective of the Small Bus Project is the development of a general and performance specification for an advanced small urban transit bus. It is a six-phase program designed to insure that final vehicle specifications would evolve from a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the operating environment and thus have a broad applicability. The Small Bus Project is presented in six separate reports: 1) Operations of Small Buses in Urban Transit Service in the United States. This report investigates the operating environment of small buses in the U.S. and relates them to vehicle requirements; 2) Bus Characteristics Needed for Elderly and Handicapped in Urban Travel. Constraints imposed on bus design by the elderly and handicapped are outlined; 3) Operating Profiles and Small Bus Performance Requirements in Urban Transit Service. This report develops a set of operating profiles and service requirements as the basis for specifications for a new small urban transit bus to meet the identified operational needs; 4) Guidelines for the Design of Future Small Transit Buses and Bus Stops to Accommodate the Elderly and Handicapped. This report presents scenarios for the future uses and market of small buses, as well as the conceptual design for three vehicle configurations to assess the feasibility of meeting design requirements; 5) General and Performance Specifications for a Small Urban Transit Bus. Requirements for an advanced design coach which may be used for both demand-responsive and general service on urban arterial streets are presented; 6) Small Transit Bus Requirements Study. This report summarizes the findings presented in the five project reports. /FHWA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus stops KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Highway operations KW - Minibuses KW - Operations KW - Performance based specifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Traffic KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159348 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STANDARD FOR BUS SERVICE CONTRACT PAYMENTS AND A SYSTEM OF INCENTIVES PY - 1976/12 SP - 119 p. AB - The authorization for the existing New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJ DOT) motor bus carrier subsidy program stems from a 1969 amendment to the Transportation Act of 1966 and forms the basis for the current subsidy program. The purpose of the report is to describe in detail the results of a study which has laid the foundation for a new and permanent bus service contract program. This report presents a recommended new and permanent bus service contract program for the State of New Jersey. Under this program the State would purchase stipulated quantities of service (purchase-of-service concept), on the basis of fixed price contracts, from carriers with legitimate need for financial assistance. Statistical and financial data of subsidized carriers were collected from two sources: the NJ DOT, and the subsidized operating companies. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Carriers KW - Contracts KW - Fixed price contracts KW - Highway transportation KW - Incentives KW - Legislation KW - Level of service KW - New Jersey KW - Payment KW - Project management KW - Purchasing KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155351 AU - Chiu, H Y AU - Stupp, GBJ AU - Brown, SJJ AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE-FOLLOWER CONTROLS FOR SHORT HEADWAY AGT SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS PY - 1976/12 SP - 109 p. AB - Vehicle following is a technique for the longitudinal control of vehicles in an automated transit system where the speed and spacing of a given vehicle are governed by the behavior of its predecessor on the guideway. Vehicle-follower control at very short headways (0.4 to 3 s) may be achieved by introducing a variable-gain capability. The approach can entail two modes of operation: velocity-command (open-loop) control and regulation (closed-loop) control. Conventional vehicle-follower design is successfully applied in the regulation mode at short headways. However, significant problems can arise when transitions are attempted from velocity-command to regulation mode because of jerk and acceleration constraints for ride-quality considerations. The report investigates the use of variable-gain techniques to resolve the transition problem. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Comfort KW - Command guidance KW - Headways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Jerk KW - Jerk control KW - Operations KW - Passenger comfort KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154017 AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COORDINATING TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. A STATE OF THE ART REPORT PY - 1976/11 SP - 146 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration initiated this survey interview study of on-going social service transportation projects serving the elderly and handicapped in order to understand the nature of the coordination problems being encountered, namely, at the local level--that is, at the point of service delivery where coordination appears to be most important and most difficult. This report consists of four major sections: (1) An overview of the nature of the problem and the results of an examination of 26 transportation projects, of which 20 have been developed as case studies; (2) preliminary findings and conclusions based on a telephone survey of the 20 projects; (3) preliminary recommendations for future effort and programs; and (4) an appendix containing the survey form for interviews of the special projects on coordination methods (Appendix A), and detailed case studies of the 20 transportation projects (Appendix B). KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Interviewing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Research management KW - Sociology KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151810 AU - McCall, CHJ AU - Olson, M I AU - Reed, H I AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED DEMONSTRATION PROJECT - BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA PY - 1976/11 SP - 99 p. AB - In July 1972 the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, under its Service Development Program, awarded an 18-month grant to the city of Baton Rouge to demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a modern, cost-effective method of transporting the aged and disabled by means of a specially designed system, separate from conventional public transit, but coordinated with the community's existing public transportation resources. The report details a chronology of what happened leading up to and during the conduct of the specialized services. Programs encountered and steps taken to resolve these problems are presented. Statistics on system clients, trips, and costs are presented for the 12 months of STS system operation. Where appropriate, implications that might bear on the initiation of a similar service elsewhere are set forth. KW - Aged KW - City planning KW - Coordination KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Louisiana KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Project management KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377183 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPERATING PERFORMANCE AND THE IMPACT OF THE SECTION 5 PROGRAM PY - 1976/11 SP - 74 p. AB - This report reviews the impacts of the UMTA Section 5 financial assistance program on transit performance between 1974 and 1975, including (1) the extent and nature of participation in the program by size and type of urbanized area, (2) impacts of the program on transit ridership, service, fares and labor costs, (3) trends in transit service utilization and (4) trends in operating costs. The study found that between 1974 and 1975, most recipients of Section 5 assistance used the funds to stabilize fares or to improve or maintain transit service. KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Labor costs KW - Operating costs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 5 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00167086 AU - Greene, F S AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF FOUR DIFFERENT RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1976/11 SP - 20 p. AB - At UMTA request, APTA evaluated four different propulsion systems. Due to lack of precise estimates for acquisition, maintenance, and traction power savings, this analysis is qualitative and adheres to the guideline that system elements will be compared subjectively, based on known design features and conservative extrapolation. A comparison was made of Garrett's flywheel energy storage, GE's AC propulsion (pulse-width modulation - PWM), Delco's self-synchronous motor, and a regenerative chopper to determine life cycle costs and related factors that would impact on eventual selection and application for revenue service. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Analysis KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric choppers KW - Flywheels KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Motors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Pulse duration modulation KW - Pulse modulated control KW - Pulse modulation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regenerative braking KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Synchronous motors KW - Thyristors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154857 AU - Stern, J L AU - Miller, R U AU - Rubenfeld, S A AU - Olson, C A AU - Heshizer, B P AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE URBAN TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1976/11 SP - 196 p. AB - This report is part of a general study of labor relations in urban transit financed by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The general study will be submitted to UMTA as four separate reports. The purpose of the study is to analyze labor relation trends in municipal bus systems, to identify the determinants of wage rates and labor costs, and to examine the impact of governmental assistance programs on collective negotiations. This report analyzes the legal framework of collective bargaining in local transit within the private-public transition period of transit systems. KW - Bargaining KW - Bus transportation KW - Collective bargaining KW - Contracts KW - Employee compensation KW - Federal government KW - Industries KW - Jurisprudence and judicial processes KW - Labor costs KW - Labor law KW - Labor relations KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Public administration KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - States KW - Surveys KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - Wages KW - Working conditions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49077 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151851 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1976/11 SP - 17 p. AB - Report 4 is a Bibliography that cites publications on the subject of mobility for the elderly and the handicapped. The majority of citations refer to publications published after the Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1970, which established national policy on provisions of mobility for the nation's elderly and handicapped citizens. Most citations are drawn from the literature of the field of transportation planning rather than the medical fields of mental hygiene, vocational rehabilitation, and gerontology. KW - Aged KW - Bibliographies KW - Mobility KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional planning KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151158 AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF FUTURE PARATRANSIT REQUIREMENTS. SCENARIO REPORT PY - 1976/11 SP - 233 p. AB - The overall objective of the study is to define the future dimensions and characteristics of paratransit and the requirements for testing innovative transportation services for the development of new vehicles, and for ways to overcome legal and institutional constraints. The analysis is based on urban scenarios projected into the 1980-95 time frame and representative of a large number of locations. The report describes how these scenarios were constructed and evaluated and how the findings were aggregated for the entire U.S. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fiber optics KW - Fleet KW - Fleet management KW - Forecasting KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Public service vehicles KW - Research KW - Services KW - Testing KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165762 AU - Sale, J AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASING TRANSIT RIDERSHIP: THE EXPERIENCE OF SEVEN CITIES PY - 1976/11 SP - 28 p. AB - During the last five years several transit systems have experienced large and sustained increases in ridership. The objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the factors to which the ridership increases are attributed and the techniques used to gain ridership that are transferable to other systems. The seven systems chosen for evaluation and the percentages of change in ridership between 1971 and 1975 were: Eugene, Oregon, 411%; Madison, Wisconsin, 49%; Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, 40%; Portland, Oregon, 57%; Salt Lake City, Utah, 118%; San Diego, California, 114%; and Vancouver, British Columbia, 57%. All of these cities possessed a common set of ingredients essential to their successes in increasing ridership--strong public and political support which resulted in the availability of substantial financial resources. It was found that most ridership gains were in large part attributable to service expansion, especially the expansion and addition of routes in areas that previously had been poorly served. Fares remained constant or were reduced in all of the cities studied. Furthermore, the energy crisis was credited with having an immediate positive effect on transit use. The types of techniques used in increasing ridership, which are transferable to other systems, are in the areas of: (1) planning, scheduling, monitoring and evaluation; (2) marketing; (3) transportation system management; and (4) route structure. /FHWA/ KW - Energy KW - Low costs KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151728 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Smith and Locke Associates Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. OFF-PEAK HALF-FARE STUDY. TEN CASE STUDIES PY - 1976/10/12 SP - 134 p. AB - The report discusses the half-fare programs in Austin, Texas; Chicago, Illinois; Kalamazoo, Michigan; New York City; Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Roanoke, Virginia; Sacramento, California; San Diego, California; Spokane, Washington; and Oneida-Herkimer counties, New York. KW - Aged KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Cost engineering KW - Fares KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Fund allocations KW - Illinois KW - Level of service KW - Michigan KW - New York (State) KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Pennsylvania KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Texas KW - Traffic KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166459 AU - Skorneck, A J AU - CACI, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVOLUTION OF THE KNOXVILLE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE SYSTEM PY - 1976/10 SP - 72 p. AB - A demonstration project designed to explore the feasibility and transportation service impacts of the transportation brokerage concept is currently underway in Knoxville, Tennessee. The transportation broker seeks to identify and match transportation supply and demand across a wide range of users, providers, and modes. The report describes the brokerage system concept and documents the activities leading to the implementation of the brokerage system in Knoxville. Included is a discussion of the various institutional and regulatory barriers to participation by private providers and how some of these were overcome. The Knoxville pre-operational experience is potentially of interest and applicability to other locales. KW - Coordination KW - Demand KW - Facilities KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Services KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Supply economics KW - Systems analysis KW - Tennessee KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166439 AU - Allred, J AU - Saltzman, A AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXICAB UTILIZATION BY LOWER INCOME GROUPS PY - 1976/10 SP - 45 p. AB - The study investigates the propensity of poor persons to use the taxicab. Data from previous studies are used to analyze the relative use of taxicabs by different income groups. It is shown that lower-income groups, particularly in small amd medium size urban areas, display a relatively high rate of taxi utilization. A survey of taxi drivers in Greensboro, N. C., and an analysis of the origins of taxi trips is used to support this conclusion. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Expenses KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - North Carolina KW - Paratransit services KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154855 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1976/10 SP - 135 p. AB - The Annual Report reviews the fifth year's efforts of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program. Three major hardware tasks were active during this reporting period: State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC), Advanced Concept Train R&D (ACT-1), and Advanced Subsystem Development Program (ASDP). The objective of this Program is to enhance the attractiveness of rail rapid transit to the urban traveler by providing transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe, and economical as possible. Accomplishments for the year ending September 1976 include the following: Completed arrangements to further extend the operational demonstration of the SOAC vehicles to include nine months of revenue service on the Lindenwold High Speed Line of PATCO--The design, development testing and fabrication portions of the ACT-1 program are in the final stages with delivery of the first vehicle to DOT Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, scheduled for February 1977. KW - Advanced concept train KW - Comfort KW - Design KW - Evaluation KW - Fabrication KW - High speed rail KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Safety KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49075 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154803 AU - Horn, K H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AUTHORITY BOARDS OF DIRECTORS: MEMBERSHIP, ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1976/10 SP - 383 p. AB - The study was designed to investigate the composition and function of boards of directors of public transit authorities. The objective was not only to identify the sources, education, and experience of transit directors and record the tasks that were within the purview of the board under its policy-making and overseeing roles, but also to compare the boards of directors of different sized transit properties and determine the degree to which the role of the board was altered under different forms of management input. The research tools consisted of structured interviews with the chairman of the board and questionnaires completed by individual directors. Statistical tests consisted mainly of Chi-square measures of association between the questionnaire responses of directors from transit authorities of different sizes and types of management input. The principal findings documented the differences between board members from authorities utilizing a management contract firm versus those authorities having internally developed management. KW - Decision making KW - Education KW - Interviewing KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Management training KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151852 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 5. SURVEY OF NURSING HOMES AND RESIDENTIAL CARE FACILITIES PY - 1976/10 SP - 34 p. AB - The Wisconsin Department of Transportation initiated a statewide study in 1975 to learn of the supply of, and demand for, transportation services for the elderly and handicapped in Wisconsin. The Department identified nursing homes and residential care facilities as significant providers of paratransit services to the elderly and the handicapped. This report presents the findings of a transportation-oriented survey of nursing homes and residential care facilities conducted in January 1976. This survey involved the mailing out of a questionnaire to 506 licensed nursing homes and 33 residential care facilities not affiliated with nursing homes. The purpose of this survey is (1) to obtain an overview of transportation services provided by nursing homes and residential care facilities, and (2) to augment the data obtained from the full paratransit industry survey. KW - Aged KW - Classification KW - Data collection KW - Facilities KW - Level of service KW - Licenses KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Questionnaires KW - Regions KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147374 AU - Chung, C C AU - Ferrantino, J R AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMAND RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING GUIDELINES (1976) PY - 1976/10 SP - 81 p. AB - Demand Responsive Transportation (DRT) is a type of transit operation providing 'on-demand,' door-to-door service with small buses. More than forty DRT services are now operating in the U.S. These systems provide the data base for a set of relationships which can be used for planning and design of new DRT systems. In addition, the experience of active operators emphasizes a number of important steps in developing successful DRT services. KW - Bus transportation KW - Databases KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Design KW - Economic analysis KW - Guidelines KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182060 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, FISCAL YEAR 1976 AND TRANSITION QUARTER, JULY 1, 1975-SEPTEMBER 30, 1976 PY - 1976/09/30 SP - 95 p. AB - The purpose of UMTA's Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) Program is to provide information about possible improvements to urban mass transportation systems which communities can use in selecting the best way to deal with their particular transportation requirements. The principal means of providing this information is to publish annually a compilation of reports on the status of UMTA's projects. Research projects are intended to produce information about possible improvements in urban mass transportation; development projects involve fabrication, testing and evaluation of new equipment; facilities, and systems or methods; and demonstration projects introduce, on an experimental basis, new methods, equipment or systems of urban mass transportation into a representative urban environment. This publication is a supplement to the 1972 comprehensive volume and contains description of current RD&D projects sponsored and funded by UMTA. The directory is divided into the following subject areas: bus and paratransit, rail, new systems and automation, socio-economic and special projects, and safety and product qualification, service and methods demonstrations, and policy and program development. KW - Automation KW - Bus transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Facilities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Local government KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - State government KW - Systems analysis KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56443/innovationinpubl00unse_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56448/innovationinpubl00unse_9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153954 AU - Simon, M E AU - Andersen (Arthur) and Company AU - Project FARE/Industry Control Board AU - Wells Research Company AU - Harmon and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROGRAM FOR IMPROVING TRANSIT INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS. VOLUMES 1-3 PY - 1976/09 SP - 505 p. AB - The report presents an internal management systems improvement plan for the urban mass transit industry. It is the final report of a series of three reports which develop a transit management information systems improvement program. Volume 1 consists of three sections: Section 1 provides an overview of the transit industry; Section 2 presents a proposed set of systems projects for UMTA sponsorship based on criteria herein; and Section 3 presents a methodology and process for individual transit properties to follow in their systems planning activities. KW - Accounting KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Industries KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management planning KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48804 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151854 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 7. MOBILITY BARRIERS TO THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1976/09 SP - 33 p. AB - This is Report 7 of the comprehensive statewide study of transportation for the elderly and the handicapped that had been initiated in 1975 by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The purpose of this report is to (1) develop an understanding of the vehicular-environmental barriers that confront the elderly and the handicapped, and (2) assist in formulating recommendations to improve the mobility of the elderly and the handicapped through the reduction or elimination of the identified barriers. KW - Aged KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Constraints KW - Mobility KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Recommendations KW - Regional planning KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151165 AU - BODIN, L D AU - Rosenfield, D AU - State University of New York, Stony Brook AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESTIMATION OF THE OPERATING COST OF MASS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1976/09 SP - 155 p. AB - A new model has been presented for estimating the operating cost of a proposed mass transit system in an intermediate to long-range planning environment. The document is the final report on the development and implementation of scheduling, estimation and costing procedures for transportation planning. The project was sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and has been closely related to the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS), a computer system developed by the Planning Methodology and Technical Support Division of UMTA to assist transportation planners in the analysis and costing of proposed transportation systems. The work presented was the outgrowth of the building of a cost model for UTPS based on actual vehicle schedules and accurate estimates of manpower requirements. This work includes a new cost model, procedures to form line schedules from UTPS input, vehicle schedules, and manpower estimates, and the development of computer program UCOST which is implemented within UTPS. The major goal of the work is the development of a cost model appropriate for long-range planning. KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Cost engineering KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Fares KW - Implementation KW - Labor market KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Optimization KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147295 AU - Northern Virginia Transportation Commission AU - Smith and Locke Associates Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS BUS-ON-FREEWAY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1976/09 SP - 113 p. AB - In September 1970, UMTA approved a demonstration grant to the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission to design and implement transit service on an 11 mile exclusive busway from suburban Virginia to downtown Washington, D.C. The grant also called for development of fringe parking lots to serve the exclusive lanes. The success of the project both in terms of ridership and fare box revenues has been widely recognized in the transit industry. This document reports on the project from the viewpoint of the project sponsor. Thus, the report contains information which in all probability could not be obtained from other sources and which would not ordinarily be reported in any technical evaluation of the project. Also included in the report are some of the marketing and merchandising activities that contributed to the public's awareness and acceptance of the express lane concept. KW - Bus lanes KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Freeways KW - Marketing KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban transportation KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145588 AU - Ferrantino, J R AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIAL-A-RIDE SOFTWARE INSTALLATION GUIDE PY - 1976/09 SP - 68 p. AB - The Demand-Responsive Scheduling Software Package is a set of procedures and computer programs designed to assist researchers, agencies, and transit operators in the operation of demand-responsive transportation systems. This package is being tested and is currently operating on a PDP-10 time-sharing system in Rochester, New York. The package includes program documentation, descriptions of input data file preparation, operators' guides, and program source code. The manual contains preliminary guidelines for installing the on-line portion of the software package at a user site. It outlines such steps as obtaining and organizing resources, constructing data bases, and starting and operating scheduling operations. KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems programs KW - Computers KW - Databases KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guidelines KW - Information processing KW - Installation KW - New York (State) KW - On line computers KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Software KW - Time sharing KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182000 AU - Wells, M AU - Tolle, J E AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AS A PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE FOR TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976/09 SP - 132 p. AB - The major objective of the research is to determine the feasibility of using existing communications technology to prevent the need for many of the Central Business District (CBD), inter-office business trips made in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area. The effect these technologies may exercise on future urban form and travel patterns is also examined, as various types of communication systems, their use, cost-effectiveness, advantages/disadvantages, and short and long-term forecasting as to present and future changes are discussed. The work trip offers the greatest potential for relieving congestion and associated costs, and since two out of five trips within the urban area (world-wide) are home to work and work to home, the possibilities of reducing peak hour congestion, delays, accidents, and pollution are immense. There are indications that in the future offices may provide suburban branches for the convenience of employees who can work together effectively with picture phones and time-sharing computers. The report addresses the Contact Record Surveys which were developed to present existing trip-making based on a sample of Pittsburgh CBD centers. Results of the questionnaires are analyzed. KW - Business trips KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Commuter service KW - Computers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Forecasting KW - Office buildings KW - Passengers KW - Pennsylvania KW - Questionnaires KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Substitutes KW - Telecommunications KW - Telephone KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165761 AU - Martin-Vega, L A AU - University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez TI - INCREASING EFFICIENCY IN BUS MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS SN - PR-09-0004 PY - 1976/09 SP - 72 p. AB - The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Metropolitan Bus Authority is in the process of an overall improvement program directed towards upgrading both the level and quality of service provided to its customers. Despite the work that has been carried out in the planning and scheduling aspects of the improvement program, the number of buses in service has continued to decline below adequate service levels. Management identifies this situation with inefficient maintenance operations; hence it is this situation that provides the purpose for this study. This report presents the results of an extensive analysis of data collected by the maintenance workshop staff. Both a fleet analysis and shop analysis are carried out to evaluate shop performance, and initial estimates concerning shop productivity are also determined. An integrated control system is developed for routine utilization of shop data and monitoring of future shop performance. The details and documentation of these systems are contained in the Appendix of this report. Conclusions as well as recommendations for increasing maintenance efficiency are also presented in this report. /FHWA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Level of service KW - Production control KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00148872 AU - Kangas, R AU - Lenard, M AU - MARINO, J AU - Hill, J H AU - Bowe, J AU - Watt, C AU - Priver, A AU - Yen, A AU - Putukian, J AU - Wlodyka, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIONAL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS- AIRTRANS (PHASE 1) SN - UM636/R6736 PY - 1976/09 SP - 294 p. AB - This report presents the results of an evaluation study of AIRTRANS, a unique, automated guideway system located at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. AIRTRANS was designed to move passengers, employees, baggage, mail, trash and supplies. The newest and largest system of its type in the world, it comprises 13 miles of single lane guideway and 68 vehicles, and serves 53 stations at different points in the airport complex. The system is one of the first intra-airport transit systems conceived, designed and constructed as an integral part of the airport development. The study, conducted with the cooperation of the Dallas/Fort Worth Regional airport and the Vought Corporation, was intended to codify the information and experience gained in the planning, development, implementation and initial operation of the system into an integrated body of knowledge from which those concerned with any phase of future, similar system planning and implemenation could profit. The assessment team found AIRTRANS an impressive accomplishment. As a pioneering project, AIRTRANS did not have an extensive data base to build on, and consequently some problems arose attributable to insufficient system planning, analysis, organization and specification, as well as optimism about schedules and component reliability. Considering this, AIRTRANS is impressive and commendable but it could be more efficient and effective and is being constantly improved towards these goals. The report provides information useful to planners, designers, developers and operators of automated transit systems for intra-airport and other applications. /Author/ KW - Advanced systems KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Databases KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Intra airport transit KW - People movers KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/64460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147379 AU - Shladover, Steven AU - Fish, R AU - Richardson, H H AU - Wormley, D N AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEERING CONTROLLERS FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1976/09 SP - 150 p. AB - A study of steering control systems for Automated Guideway Transit Systems has been conducted which has included a state-of-the-art survey of steering control and an evaluation of vehicle dynamic models for steering controller design. The performance of a typical AGT vehicle using a mechanical reference steering system has been determined for direct proportional, partial state feedback and full state feedback steering controllers. RMS tracking errors and RMS vehicle acceleration levels are computed for selected vehicle controllers with the vehicle traveling on a mainline track described in terms of its random irregularity properties. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Defects KW - Dynamics KW - Errors KW - Feedback control KW - Guideway roughness KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Position fixing KW - Railroad tracks KW - Roughness KW - Steering KW - Track irregularities KW - Tracking position KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01443339 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Office of Transit Planning AU - Crain and Associates(ed) TI - Transportation problems of the transportation handicapped: volume 4 report: transportation solutions for handicapped PY - 1976/08 IS - UMTA-CA-0092-76-4 SP - 139p + appendices KW - Accessibility KW - Accessibility KW - Disabled person KW - Financing KW - High risk drivers KW - Mobility KW - Mobility KW - Modal choice KW - Mode choice KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Transport disadvantaged KW - Transport funding KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Vulnerable transport user UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1211147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01443152 AU - United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Crain and Associates(ed) TI - Transportation problems of the transportation handicapped: Volume 1 PY - 1976/08 IS - UMTA-CA-06-0092-76-1 SP - 73p + appendices KW - Disabled person KW - Management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Transport disadvantaged KW - Transport management KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Trip generation KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1210960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00190988 AU - Schneider, P H AU - Norton, D D AU - Steam Power Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROTOTYPE PARATRANSIT VEHICLE AS DESIGNED BY STEAM POWER SYSTEMS, INC PY - 1976/08 SP - 89 p. AB - The report discusses a prototype low pollution paratransit vehicle (PTV) designed and constructed for evaluation by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Special features of this PTV include a large comfortable interior which would accommodate five passengers, an automated door and ramp system that would provide convenient ingress/egress for a wheelchair passenger, and low pollution Rankine cycle (steam) engine. This tyep of vehicle aims to provide transportation for the inform, handicapped, and elderly in erither a DIal-A-Ride, jitney, or taxicab service. The PTV was completed, acceptance tested, and delivered to the U.S. Department of Transportation in June 1976. The vehicle was displayed as part of a taxi design exhibition (summer 1976) at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Following the exhibition, the PTV was scheduled for dynamic testing by an independent contractor. This report concludes that the steam engine propulsion system has the potential for low exhaust emissions, but needs considerable improvement in both efficiency and reliability before it is ready for installation in motor vehicles. KW - Aged KW - Air quality management KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Exhaust gases KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Rankine engines KW - Steam engines KW - Taxicabs KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/82607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145610 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. VOLUME 1. THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED POPULATION, DEFINITION AND COUNTS PY - 1976/08 SP - 105 p. AB - Despite an abundance of planning and research literature concerning transportation services for elderly and handicapped individuals, at present no single operational definition of this target group, the transportation handicapped (TH), exists. This report provides a definition of a TH person and attempts to describe the TH population. A review of existing estimates of the urban TH population is presented based on an analysis of four studies. These estimates range from approximately six to nine million persons. A recommended estimation procedure considers three basic categories of the TH population: chronic conditions, acutely disabled, and institutionalized. The travel behavior of the TH population is examined including trip purpose, frequency, residence, choice of mode, and latent demand. KW - Aged KW - Behavior KW - Classification KW - Definitions KW - Demand KW - Demographics KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Estimates KW - Mobility KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Physical disabilities KW - Planning KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63200 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145612 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. VOLUME 3. ALTERNATIVE PLANNING METHODOLOGIES PY - 1976/08 SP - 54 p. AB - This report proposes a general structure for the planning process for dealing with the problems of the transportation handicapped (TH). Flexibility of procedures and the avoidance of unnecessary standardization are emphasized. Planning for the needs of the TH may be incorporated into conventional transit planning or emerge as an independent process. Effective participation by the transportation handicapped and those who serve them (transit and taxi operators, union representatives, local health and social service agencies) is discussed in detail. Use of census data, the National Health Survey, and general population surveys to assess the transportation needs is presented. Procedures for the assessment of current resources and existing constraints are reviewed. Time phasing, plan revision, and system monitoring are also discussed. KW - Constraints KW - Cooperation KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Flexibility KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Methodology KW - Natural resources KW - Needs assessment KW - Optimization KW - Organizations KW - Participative management KW - Participatory management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Problem solving KW - Revisions KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - Standardization KW - Surveys KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145611 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. VOLUME 2. THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE PROVISION OF MOBILITY SYSTEMS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PY - 1976/08 SP - 89 p. AB - This report examines the conflicting perspectives and attitudes of nine participants involved in improving mobility for the transportation handicapped (TH). These are the handicapped and their advocates, the transit industry which must reconcile the demands of the handicapped with economic realities, the Congress and Federal agencies, state and local governments, the public at large, private providers (taxis, paratransit services), and equipment manufacturers. Federal and state legislation and regulations are discussed. Finally, specific changes and actions needed are presented. KW - Demand KW - Economic factors KW - Economics KW - Equipment KW - Federal government KW - Government intervention KW - Government policies KW - Improvements KW - Labor relations KW - Laws KW - Legislation KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Recommendations KW - Regulation KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - State government KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63201 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145613 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. VOLUME 4. TRANSPORTATION SOLUTIONS FOR THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1976/08 SP - 172 p. AB - This report examines transportation solutions for the transportation handicapped (TH) through three broad strategies - public transit, alternative special services, and private transportation. The first section presents 51 physical and operational solutions for existing systems. To aid the TH it is necessary to construct groups of solutions. These are then presented as minimum, medium and maximum accessibility combinations for terminals, urban bus or trolley, rail rapid-transit, and intraurban bus, railroad and air modes. The use of a personal vehicle for the disabled who can learn to drive is described. Four problems of the disabled driver are presented along with data on adaptive controls. Six aspects of specialized transportation services and four principal vehicle types are examined. Twelve possible systems based on different combinations of service characteristics and provider type are described. Finally a description is given of two operating systems, one in Sweden, the other in Delaware. KW - Accessibility KW - Air transportation KW - Analysis KW - Availability KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Drivers KW - Equipment KW - Government policies KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Mobility KW - Organizations KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transit KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Private transportation KW - Problem solving KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Standard of living KW - Supply KW - Systems engineering KW - Terminal facilities KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145609 AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PY - 1976/08 SP - 420p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/65382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143946 AU - Kershner, D L AU - Roesler, W J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MODELS FOR ASSESSING TRIP DEPENDABILITY IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT NETWORKS PY - 1976/08 SP - 64 p. AB - Equipment failures and how to correct them are significant factors affecting the quality of service of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The network configuration, subsystem failure rates, and recovery modes interact to provide the operational configuration that passengers ultimately view in terms of the ability of the AGT system to provide reliable service for their trip. This report describes a procedure that permits evaluation of the Group Rapid Transit networks in terms of trip dependability. The model uses a flow representation of vehicle traffic determined by network topography, demands for travel, and operational service policy. The model has its most useful application in the intermediate design stage where there are tradeoffs to be evaluated. KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Failure KW - Failure analysis KW - Handbooks KW - Highway traffic KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Networks KW - Operating strategies KW - Origin and destination KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Planning KW - Quality control KW - Quality of service KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Systems engineering KW - Topography KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154043 AU - Hershey, W R AU - Forkenbrock, D J AU - Berla, M J AU - MILLER, B A AU - Dewey, M E AU - Huron River Group, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT PY - 1976/08 SP - 188 p. AB - Fare prepayment encompasses all methods of paying for transit rides other than by cash, namely, tickets, tokens, punch cards, passes, and permits. The purpose of this study is the examination of the overall ridership and revenue impacts of ongoing and completed prepayment programs. The study examines past and current experience with fare prepayment programs and draws conclusions concerning their potential. The major objectives of this study are the following: (1) To survey ongoing and completed transit fare prepayment programs; (2) to identify key features and problems related to prepayment; (3) to measure public response to fare prepayment; (4) to assess advantages and market potential of fare prepayment; (5) to analyze cost-effectiveness of fare prepayment; and (6) to identify the best application of and implementation structures for fare prepayment. KW - Attitudes KW - Collection KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fares KW - Impacts KW - Market research KW - Methodology KW - Needs assessment KW - Passes KW - Payment KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Punched cards KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Tickets KW - Tokens KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151849 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 2. STATEWIDE SERVICE DIRECTORY PY - 1976/08 SP - 19 p. AB - The Wisconsin Department of Transportation initiated a study with the broad objective of developing a comprehensive statewide inventory of paratransit systems serving the elderly and the handicapped. This is the second report of seven study reports. A statewide listing of 299 specialized transportation service providers serving the elderly and the handicapped is mapped out by the county and the major target group (elderly or handicapped) that each provider serves. KW - Aged KW - Directories KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151853 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 6. POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR SERVICES PY - 1976/08 SP - 54 p. AB - As part of a statewide study of transportation for the elderly and the handicapped, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation surveyed agencies providing transportation to the elderly and handicapped. In order to compare supply with demand for service, the Department developed a model to estimate demand. This report documents the model and the demand estimates it produces. The purpose of this report is to (1) calculate the size of the potential market of elderly and handicapped, (2) identify the number of elderly and handicapped presently being served, and (3) provide the Department and other agencies with data for assessing program needs and evaluating program proposals involving state or federal financial assistance. KW - Aged KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Counties KW - Data KW - Demand KW - Evaluation KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Services KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151149 AU - Yen, A M AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE OPERATING STRATEGIES FOR SMALL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT NETWORK PY - 1976/08 SP - 116 p. AB - The report discusses Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems that will offer demand-activated service using an on-line dispatching capability. The AGT system management is identified in this report as a large-scale, multi-criterion optimization problem, and the approach taken is to formulate the service optimization problem into a mathematical form so that known techniques could be used to arrive at solutions. Emphasis is on heuristic solutions by approximation rather than exact solutions through analysis. Actual operating strategies are constructed for point-to-point service with intermediate stops. The strategy involving squared terms of waiting time is found to be optimal for a wide range of demands. The computer simulation reveals that although non-controllable parameters, such as network topology and demand distribution, dominate the basic traffic pattern, service characteristics can be improved by selecting a best feasible strategy based upon the basic traffic pattern. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations research KW - Optimization KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Simulation KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169306 AU - Mid-America Regional Council AU - Huron River Group, Incorporated AU - Missouri Transportation Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KCMR DIAL-A-RIDE STUDY: REPORT NUMBER 4. VEHICLES, MAINTENANCE, FARE COLLECTION PY - 1976/08 SP - 28 p. AB - This study is comprised of 6 reports that encompass all of the major facets of a demand-responsive system. It is designed to assist the Mid-America Regional Council and local government agencies in the detailed service planning of Dial-A-Ride services in the Kansas City Metropolitan Region. A small pilot system was applied in Independence, Missouri, and a larger pilot system was applied in Johnson County, Kansas. Report No. 4 is concerned with the maintenance and specifications of Dial-A-Ride vehicles. Considerations in vehicle acquisition is discussed, such as procurement, leasing, specification guidelines, and provisions for wheelchairs. Transit fare collection equipment and related functions are discussed, and alternatives to cash fares are presented, such as tickets or prepayment. It was found that Dial-A-Ride service to the general public should be seriously considered for expansion of public transportation in major portions of the KCMR, and especially in medium and lower density suburban areas. KW - Buses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fare collection KW - Kansas KW - Leasing KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Maintenance KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Missouri KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Procurement KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146500 AU - Schnitt, A AU - Bush, L R AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE EMPLOYMENT CENTER BUS SERVICE CONCEPT PY - 1976/08 SP - 170 p. AB - A new approach to commuter-oriented bus operations is studied. Advantage is taken of the spread in working hours in an employment center by having each bus make multiple trips during peak periods. Buses serve the first shift and then return with additional passengers to serve subsequent shifts. Groups of buses are assigned to make trips of various lengths. The service resembles subscription bus service; however, the increased productivity results in breakeven fares which should attract a large segment of non-transit dependent travelers almost irrespective of commuting distance. Procedures for developing and applying the service are provided, particularly using trip combinations of various lengths which can serve two to four staggered shifts. As a concluding test of feasibility, the service is applied to an actual employment center. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - California KW - Centers KW - Commuting KW - Employment KW - Experimental design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hours of labor KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measures of central tendency KW - Methodology KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Passenger transportation KW - Productivity KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144066 AU - Morris, R AU - McGinnis, N AU - deRegt, M AU - Reinhardt, W AU - International Research and Development Corporation TI - DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL APPROACH TO RAIL RAPID TRANSIT CAR STANDARDIZATION PY - 1976/08 SP - 131 p. AB - This report documents the findings of Phase I of a two-part program on standardization of rail rapid transit cars. The purpose of Phase I was to determine the optimal form of standardization which would: stabilize the prices of new rail rapid transit cars; reduce operating and maintenance costs; improve equipment reliability and maintainability. APTA, the American Public Transit Association, and RPI, the Railway Progress Institute, established technical boards which provided transit industry technical analysis and review of the work plans, approaches, and findings of the technical contractor. This first phase final report documents the analysis leading to a determination that rail rapid transit car standardization is feasible and should be implemented under a phased program to develop a qualified products list and products qualification procedure, a car prototype certification procedure, and a family of car performance specifications. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198208 AU - Kapp, C AU - Bandy, E AU - DEDERER, C AU - SCHUBERT, J AU - Breitenbach, D AU - Regional Planning Council AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION CHANGES THROUGH 1974. SPECIAL REPORT NO. 1 PY - 1976/08 SP - 67 p. AB - A review of the data regularly monitored under the surveillance element of the continuing, comprehensive and cooperative transportation planning process is annually undertaken to provide a current picture of travel conditions in the Baltimore Region and the underlying social, economic, and developmental factors affecting travel. As part of this effort, trends and patterns in the use and performance of the transportation system are identified as are trends and patterns in regional growth. The annual review is also undertaken to assess the implications of actual changes on future travel requirements. An investigation of the reasonableness of the projected patterns of growth used in simulating travel is conducted to determine whether the forecasts are consistent with observed changes. This aspect of the review, not only illustrates the types and magnitude of travel changes that could be expected if trends continue but provides some insight as to whether modifications to the transportation plan and program are appropriate. KW - Airports KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Competition KW - Economic development KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Highway traffic KW - Highways KW - Land use KW - Land use forecasting KW - Marine terminals KW - Passengers KW - Port structures KW - Ports KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175258 AU - Roesler, W J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT WORKSHOP ON PERFORMANCE MEASURES, EVALUATION TECHNIQUES, AND GOALS HELD IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ON AUGUST 25, 1976 PY - 1976/08 SP - 105 p. AB - The Office of Technology Development and Deployment of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) is sponsoring projects that require the development of performance measures that will be used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of current and planned Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The purpose of this workshop was to identify performance parameters and develop measurement and computational techniques. The workshop centered around two specific objectives: (1) to review the status of parameter definitions; and (2) to review the techniques used for the measurement and evaluation of AGT system performance and establish significant trade-off items for further study. This workshop discussed the meaning, specification, and measurement of performance in AGT systems. The workshop was organized according to the following areas: Socio-Economic Studies Project - AGT Assessments; Preliminary Performance Measures for AGT Urban Deployability; Preliminary Performance Measures for the Systems Operations Studies; Advanced Mass Transit Simulator; and Trade-Off Studies for AGRT. This document contains the workshop presentation papers, discussion results, and list of attendees. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Measurement KW - Meetings KW - Mobility KW - People movers KW - Performance KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151802 AU - Nussbaum, E AU - Zumwalt, B AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ISSUES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1976/08 SP - 144 p. AB - The focus of the study is on the social and environmental aspects. Section I discusses some of the critical non-engineering issues that influence social acceptability of AGT in the urban areas, such as, crime, system safety, and community disruption. Concepts presented reflect the opinion of a variety of recent publications, including the environmental impact statement guidelines of a number of Federal Government agencies. Section I also contains a summary of impacts, sources, and solutions. Tables VI-XXVIII list twenty-three impact areas that influence social acceptability of AGT in urban areas. For each of these areas, representative possible impacts, system sources, and solutions are presented. The intent here is to summarize and group prevalent sources and candidate solutions together with each of the categories of impact which are discussed in this paper. Section II examines three hard environmental impact items, i.e., the three most important engineering factors: acoustic noise, electromagnetic interference, and power consumption. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Advanced systems KW - City planning KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Energy consumption KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Public opinion KW - Safety KW - Sociology KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137373 AU - Kain, H R AU - Marks, G J AU - Staszak, L A AU - Advanced Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE COSTING FOR CURRENT ROHR AND AM GENERAL BUSES AND GENERAL MOTORS RTS-II BUS PY - 1976/07/09 SP - 46 p. AB - UMTA is considering the use of the life cycle costing concept in the procurement procedures for intracity buses. These relevant factors have been identified as the bus price, maintenance costs (including preventive maintenance), fuel costs, and tire costs. Evaluation of practices of bus operators and manufacturers indicates that they are in a position to agree mutually upon an evaluation process dependent upon: (1) maintenance cost data, (2) design-related maintenance elements, (3) fuel and tire costs, (4) useful life of a bus for evaluation purposes, and (5) initial bus purchase price. Inasmuch as the follow-on costs considered in the evaluation of bus bids exceed the cost of the bus itself, the life cycle costing approach highlights the follow-on costs. Of paramount importance is the flexibility to introduce design improvements that can result in savings during the life of the bus. KW - Bids KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Estimates KW - Fuel consumption KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Prices KW - Procurement KW - Tires KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42751 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159394 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSBUS OPERATIONAL, PASSENGER, AND COST IMPACTS: TRANSBUS PROGRAM PY - 1976/07/07 SP - 114 p. AB - The report assesses the impact that the introduction of Transbus would have on motor coach operations in the U.S. Information from the Transbus demonstration and engineering test programs which involved the use of nine prototype Transbus coaches is analyzed in this report, along with substantial background information on U.S. transit operations. KW - Automotive engineering KW - Buses KW - Comfort KW - Impact studies KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00176036 AU - CLARK, G M AU - Murman, D C AU - Ohio State University, Columbus AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL SHIPMENTS PY - 1976/07 SP - 126 p. AB - A new data collection methodology, the shipper-receiver method, for determining characteristics of small freight shipments in urban areas is presented in this report. These characteristics are used to determine the feasibility of urban goods consolidation terminals for small shipments to and from the Central Business District. The objective of this report is to present and evaluate an experimental design and operational procedure that will collect less than truckload (LTL) freight movement data directly from the shippers and the receivers of goods. This data collection methodology is specifically designed to support the Urban Terminal Investment Model (UTIM) which determines preferred terminal locations and operating policies. It is intended for use by planners in designing and evaluating a system of urban goods consolidation terminals for small shipments. The overall methodology includes the use of survey of shippers and receivers of small shipments, a ratio-delay study of randomly selected truck loading areas, and a manual simulation of vehicle routes and schedules. Conclusions and recommendations regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of the shipper-receiver survey, ratio-delay study, and simulation methods are presented. KW - Building sites KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Experimental design KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Terminal facilities KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153987 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ABSTRACTS. VOLUME 3 PY - 1976/07 SP - 356 p. AB - This volume is a reference document prepared by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and serves as a guide to 298 reports generated under contract to UMTA. This document reflects UMTA's continuing commitment to the dissemination of technical report information to government, state, and local transportation planning bodies, private industry, and the general public. The types of documents abstracted in this volume are, by section: (I) Technical Studies; (II) Research, Development, and Demonstration Project reports; and (III) University Research and Training reports. Section IV contains complete indexes to the volume by report title, personal author, corporate author, geographic location, and keywords. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Development KW - Financing KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Security KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56638/urbanmasstranspo00unse_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331088 AU - AMF Advanced Systems Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN AND BUILD A LOW POLLUTION PARATRANSIT VEHICLE PY - 1976/07 SP - 283 p. AB - In March 1975, AMF Advanced Systems Laboratory contracted with UMTA to design, build, demonstrate, and deliver a low pollution paratransit vehicle. The objective of the project was to develop a vehicle well-suited for use in paratransit. The vehicle, whose overall length is 182.8 inches and 72 inches in width, is compact sized and has a spacious, comfortable, easily accessible interior. The completed vehicle which weighed 3355 lbs. was delivered to the Museum of Modern Art in New York City on June 8, 1976. The AMF paratransit vehicle, as delivered, is a front wheel drive design powered by a two-cylinder, 30 cu. in. Carter steam engine. The front and rear suspension, heavy duty springs, brakes, and rack and pinion steering are all from the Audi 100LS with some modifications. The services provided are mixed, with payload ranging from one to five passengers (able-bodied or handicapped) with or without luggage, and trip lengths varying from a few blocks to tens of miles. The vehicle body is fabricated mainly from automotive steel and aluminum in a manner similar to that used in conventional vehicles. This report summarizes all aspects of the AMF paratransit vehicle. It describes the many components of the vehicle, namely: overall vehicle configuration; propulsion; chassis; main frame; body; mechanical system; climate control; and interior. Numerous tables/figures/drawings illustrate these components in detail. The report also contains FMVSS certification, development vehicle testing, and the acceptance testing plan. The appendixes are: Appendix A Main Frame Calculations and Appendix B Body Analysis Calculations. (UMTA) KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air pollution KW - Automobile bodies KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Interior KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public service vehicles KW - Steam engines KW - Trip length KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163947 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143224 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Winchester, S AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DATA BASE DESIGN FOR DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT PY - 1976/07 SP - 93 p. AB - A data base for demand-responsive transit operations has been designed to provide for systematic reporting and to be a standard of comparison between transit operations. The data base design is presented in the form of data sheets that may be used directly for recording information about transit operations. Subjects included in the data base include urban characteristics, ridership, costs, and services. Steps necessary for the complete development of a data base include design test, analytical validity, design revision, and development of reporting procedures and maintenance. The result will be a source of information for communities to plan new systems, to restructure existing systems, and to develop new system guidelines. This manual data base system is structured so that it may be automated at a future time. KW - Automation KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Data recording KW - Databases KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Guidelines KW - Human characteristics KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Systems engineering KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158054 AU - JHK & Associates TI - A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE DOCUMENT IN URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976/07 SP - 91 p. AB - This document was prepared as part of an initial task in the development of a Federal Highway Administration/Urban Mass Transportation Administration sponsored training course in Public Transportation. The materials included in this document have been selected for their use in association with the training course and as such are not meant to be a comprehensive listing in any particular subject area. The abstracts which make up this bibliography have their origins in four sources: (1) Fletcher, William S., & Sid Davis, Urban Transportation Information Handbook, Atlanta University, School of Business Administration, Atlanta, October 1975; (2) Oram, Richard L., Transportation System Management: Bibliography of Technical Reports: UMTA, Office of Policy and Program Development, Washington, D.C., May 1976; (3) Author(s), Editor(s), and Compiler(s) of the individual documents utilized here (where written as abstracts); and (4) Richard Presby, of JHK & Associates, the compiler of this work. KW - Bibliographies KW - Handbooks KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158141 AU - KIDDER, A E AU - Amedee, G AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro TI - ASSUMING RESPONSIBILITY FOR MOBILITY OF ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED: THE ROLES OF TRANSIT PROPERTIES, TRANSIT PLANNERS, AND SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES IN SMALL CITIES PY - 1976/07 SP - 67 p. AB - Public policy currently promotes the proliferation of small, uncoordinated programs aimed at agency clients rather than broader transportation services for the community. The purpose of this research is to explore the degree of harmony in actions between transit operators, social service agency personnel, and local transportation planners in small and midsize cities (50,000 to 500,000 population) with emphasis placed upon the perceptions of actors in the system (planners, social workers, and transit operators) about their roles in providing transportation services to the elderly and handicapped. This report purports to test the underlying assumption of revenue sharing advocates that, left to themselves, local agencies will allocate resources efficiently at the local level. The results of this study suggest that this assumption is unwarranted in many cases. This report cites examples of successful interactions between transit planners, social service agency staffs, and transit properties in enhancing consolidated transportation services to the elderly and handicapped. It also documents the more usual pattern of non-interation which seriously impairs the efficiency of transportation services to this disadvanaged group. Data was obtained from three principal soruces: (1) the set of 89 questionnaires; (2) the set of case studies of ten localities; and (3) the two volumes of written submissiona made to the Chief Counsel of UMTA pursuant to the public hearings on UMTA's proposed "Elderly and Handicapped Regulations" held in 1975. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Interaction KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Revenue sharing KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154858 AU - Robey, D AU - Bakr, M M AU - Marquette University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS IN THE CTA PY - 1976/07 SP - 114 p. AB - The process of management innovation in one transit property, the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), is examined. The purpose of the study is to identify those factors of greatest relevance to innovation in organizations and to describe the extent to which those factors have helped the CTA to innovate successfully. Specifically, the research effort is designed to assess the environmental, organizational, linking, and attitudinal factors related to the recent adoption by the CTA of two management innovations: (1) Bus Utilization System, and (2) Microfiche viewers in the Travel Information Center. Both innovations significantly affect decision processes and have present and potential advantages for transit management. Data were collected from institutions and from structured interviews and questionnaires administered to persons closely involved with the development and use of the two innovations. (Data collection tools are contained in the Appendix.) Results show that the organization structure of the CTA had a positive influence on the adoption of both innovations. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Illinois KW - Information centers KW - Information services KW - Information systems KW - Innovation KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Organizations KW - Public transit KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization KW - Viewers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00175566 AU - Mid America Regional Council AU - Huron River Group, Incorporated AU - Missouri Transportation Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KCMR DIAL-A-RIDE STUDY: REPORT NUMBER 6. MARKETING AND PUBLIC INFORMATION PY - 1976/07 SP - 42 p. AB - The study is comprised of 6 reports that encompass all of the major facets of a demand-responsive system. It is designed to assist the Mid-America Regional Council and local government agencies in the detailed service planning of Dial-A-Ride services in the Kansas City Metropolitan Region. A small pilot system was applied in Independence, Missouri, and a larger pilot system was applied in Johnson County, Kansas. Report No. 6 deals with marketing (news coverage, displays, promotion, advertising, etc.). It discusses the needs of the users and how to arouse and hold the interest of current and potential users. The marketing process for Dial-A-Ride systems are functions which need to be performed by management, but not necessarily by one department or by one individual. It was found that Dial-A-Ride service to the general public should be seriously considered for expansion of public transportation in major portions of the KCMR, and especially in medium and lower density suburban areas. KW - Kansas KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Missouri KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Promotion KW - Publicity KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151850 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 3. STUDY METHODOLOGY PY - 1976/07 SP - 140 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to document the methods and materials used to execute the statewide study of existing transportation services for the elderly and the handicapped. This documentation of the study methodology aims to serve the Department as a useful tool for periodically updating relevant survey data, as well as, for providing explicit background information on how the first statewide survey had been developed and executed. The report contains a chronology of study activity as well as the contents of major surveys, administrative information guides, and program planning that shaped the methodology. KW - Aged KW - Data collection KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Methodology KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Research management KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151848 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN WISCONSIN. REPORT 1. ANALYSIS OF SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1976/07 SP - 110 p. AB - The purpose of this inventory/survey is to provide an overview of existing specialized transportation services available to the elderly and the handicapped, as well as to assist in evaluating proposals for developing and operating specialized transportation services for the elderly and the handicapped. Such tools as the inventory questionnaire and the specialized questionnaire are used; the inventory findings are reported by four major categories: user, operation, finance, and service needs. KW - Aged KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Dwellings KW - Evaluation KW - Facilities KW - Financing KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Population KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Regional planning KW - Requirement KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Special service KW - Specifications KW - Standard of living KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00178820 AU - CLARK, G M AU - Murman, D C AU - Ohio State University, Columbus TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL SHIPMENTS PY - 1976/07 SP - 127 p. AB - A new data collection methodology, the shipper-receiver method, for determining characteristics of small freight shipments in urban areas is presented in this report. These characteristics are used to determine the feasibility of urban goods consolidation terminals for small shipments to and from the Central Business District. The objective of this report is to present and evaluate an experimental design and operational procedure that will collect less than truckload (LTL) freight movement data directly from the shippers and the receivers of goods. This data collection methodology is specifically designed to support the Urban Terminal Investment Model (UTIM) which determines preferred terminal locations and operating policies. It is intended for use by planners in designing and evaluating a system of urban goods consolidation terminals for small shipments. The overall methodology includes the use of survey of shippers and receivers of small shipments, a ratio-delay study of randomly selected truck loading areas, and a manual simulation of vehicle routes and schedules. Conclusions and recommendations regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of the shipper-receiver survey, ratio-delay study, and simulation methods are presented in this report. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that this methodology will provide the necessary information at least cost than other currently available methods. /UMTA/ KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Radio receivers KW - Shippers KW - Surveys KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/71029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174682 AU - Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROGRAM OF STATEWIDE TRANSIT ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PY - 1976/06/30 SP - 94 p. AB - Contents: Coordination of data concerning capital and operating programming; statewide coordination of service effectiveness and subsidization projections; transit analysis in support of environmental and energy conservation responsibilities; development of statewide transportation services for the elderly and handicapped; marketing public transit; summary of transportation technologies -- applicability and cost-effectiveness; summary of transportation services for the elderly and handicapped; recommendations for transportation of special needs children; evaluation criteria for elderly and handicapped transportation services. (Portions of this document are not fully legible) KW - Aged KW - Children KW - Conservation KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Environment KW - Finance KW - Grant aid KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Massachusetts KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Subsidies KW - Technical analysis KW - Technical assistance KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation technology KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365392 AU - Chung, C C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIAL-A-RIDE VEHICLE TIME ANALYSIS AND VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY PY - 1976/06/25 SP - 98 p. AB - Productivity measures based on vehicle-hours that start from the moment a vehicle leaves the garage until the moment it returns to the garage are selected to evaluate alternative operational strategies. Management operational policies from two different Dial-A-Ride systems are studied (Gaithersburg, Maryland, and Rochester, New York). Gaithersburg operates a small, manual system in a suburban community with limited public transit service. The Rochester system is considerably larger and partially automated; it operates in a community served by a multimodal conventional transit system. The Gaithersburg system has an above average vehicle productivity of 8.1 passengers per vehicle-hour, and the Rochester system has a vehicle productivity of 5.5. The vehicle-time data collected from these two Dial-A-Ride operations indicate that Gaithersburg has higher demand density, higher group pickup and group drop-off factors, lower interstop running times, and a lower percentage of nonproductive time than the Rochester system. Important operational strategies for improving vehicle productivity stated in this report are those that lead to reduced interstop running time, reduced pickup dwell time, increased group pickup and group drop-off factors, and reduced nonproductive time. KW - Communities KW - Dispatching KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Maryland KW - New York (State) KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Services KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326375 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY. PHASE I. APPENDIX VOLUME II PY - 1976/06 SP - 179 p. AB - This report is Appendix Volume II of the Phase I Final Report of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study. In this report, the observations made about the difficulties of goods movement in the Garment Center are manifested in the traffic volumes and the characteristics observed, namely, the high traffic volumes (185,000 vehicles traverse the district daily). This report deals with the characteristics of vehicular traffic in the area, including apparel-related and non-apparel related traffic, pedestrian and handcart movements, and their relationship on vehicular activity and congestion. Two graphic models are also presented in this report. The micro model shows the volumes, modes, and times spent per segment of the apparel making process by the typical firm; and the macro model indicates the type and volume of commodities entering, leaving, and circulating within the Center. Costs of the Goods Movement System are also presented, including direct/indirect transportation costs, service costs, and potential cost reductions. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic analysis KW - Estimates KW - Freight transportation KW - Highway traffic KW - Industries KW - Information processing KW - New York (State) KW - Parking facilities KW - Problem solving KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326376 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY. PHASE I. APPENDIX VOLUME III PY - 1976/06 SP - 157 p. AB - The report is Appendix Volume III of the Phase I Final Report of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study. The environmental effort of this study includes an analysis of the public costs of goods movement in terms of air and noise pollution and accidents. The public costs of goods movement also include an analysis of carbon monoxide emissions; estimation of the health costs of air pollution; ambient noise conditions; and the relationship of vehicular activity and congestion to accident costs in the New York City Garment Center. This report also presents some of the tools developed during the course of this study for the collection of data. The report contains a bibliography that includes previous Garment Center studies as well as a list of readings. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Crashes KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Health KW - Highway traffic KW - Information processing KW - New York (State) KW - Pollution KW - Problem solving KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326374 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY. PHASE I. APPENDIX VOLUME I PY - 1976/06 SP - 167 p. AB - The Appendix Volume I, provides a detailed description of the activities and analyses conducted during Phase I of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study. Volume I provides an overview of the Garment Center including goods movement and the apparel industry; basic traits and industry trends of the apparel industry; outward movement of contractors; future trends; and an appendix discussing the Standard Industrial Classification System. The report also discusses the apparel industry questionnaire including method of data collection; summary of observations; general characteristics; location of contractor's facilities; characteristics of freight; and exhibits charting the apparel industry questionnaires. The third part of this volume discusses land use and economic data, including building analysis; zoning; assessed value; employment; rents and vacancy rates; and sample block segments. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Commodities KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Industries KW - Information processing KW - New York (State) KW - Problem solving KW - Systems analysis KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143227 AU - Olson, C L AU - Bernstein, H AU - Aerospace Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT RESEARCH CONDUCTED AT THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION PY - 1976/06 SP - 296 p. AB - The report summarizes research conducted on the conceptual and experimental development of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) during the period from 1968 to 1975. The work considered not only the technical and operational aspects of the PRT concept, but also included estimates of PRT capital and operating costs, analyses of system safety and reliability, analyses of urban applications and associated economics, evaluation of PRT energy utilization, development of PRT planning methodologies, and assessments of PRT deployment impacts. Technology shortfalls associated with the possible future implementation of the specific PRT concept are identified, and research and development activities to overcome these shortfalls are recommended. KW - Automatic control KW - Braking KW - Capitalized cost KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Networks KW - Operating costs KW - Reliability KW - Safety engineering KW - Speed control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326373 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY. PHASE I PY - 1976/06 SP - 179 p. AB - The City of New York, with the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has embarked on the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study in order to better understand the goods movement process, to develop techniques to alleviate the difficulties of urban goods movement, and to implement these techniques. This Garment Center study represents the first major effort to investigate the goods movement problems existing in a major, highly urbanized environment. The project is a comprehensive study of urban goods movement and is organized to meet several objectives: (1) to be accessible and responsive to the community; (2) to develop, design, evaluate, and implement short-term, low capital improvements for the goods movement system; and (3) to identify long-term solutions to goods movement difficulties. This report presents a summary of Phase I of the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study. Phase I consists of the development of a data base, analysis of the goods movement problem, and the implementation of short-range proposals to improve the movement of goods and people. It addresses such issues as the economic structure of the garment industry; pattern of land use; volume and patterns of traffic and curbside parking; air and noise pollution levels associated with the garment industry; and the implementation of a program of short-range low capital improvements. This Phase I report states that the analyses, policy recommendations, and experiences of this project are appropriate for a study of urban goods movement in any area, particularly small metropolitan areas. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Information processing KW - New York (State) KW - Parking facilities KW - Problem solving KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145540 AU - Los Angeles Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - POPULATION ESTIMATE AND HOUSING INVENTORY MODEL. 1974 AND 1975 METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS PY - 1976/06 SP - 95 p. AB - The report describes the methodology used to develop the Population Estimate and Housing Inventory Model and the various assumptions incorporated in the model to generate the 1974 and 1975 population and housing estimates. Although assumptions will vary from year to year and from place to place, the basic methodology will be followed in the future so estimate results will be comparable. The flexibility of the model will enable new sources of data to be readily accepted by the model. The city's automated system can be applied to any geographic location where required data are available. This document will also serve as an instructional guide for technicians who wish to properly execute the Population Estimate and Housing Inventory Model. KW - California KW - Census KW - City planning KW - Estimates KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guidelines KW - Housing KW - Housings KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Population KW - Studies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143228 AU - Wolff, P C AU - Scholnick, P H AU - ABT Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF DISRUPTIVE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH URBAN TRANSPORTATION TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1976/06 SP - 200 p. AB - Social, economic, and environmental impacts resulting from tunnels' being constructed for mass transportation purposes in urban areas are identified. A matrix is constructed identifying the locus of costs to affected groups by four kinds of causal agents: traffic interference, property takings, environmental disturbances, and utility disruptions. A separate matrix must be constructed for social, economic, and environmental costs. The cells of the matrix must be further expanded in order to pinpoint actual costs: variables must be identified for each affected group and each causal agent and measures for the variables determined. The measurement and aggregation of impacts are discussed. Four possible ways of lessening impacts are mentioned. KW - Analysis KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Disturbances KW - Economic impacts KW - Eminent domain KW - Environmental impacts KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Forecasting KW - Interference KW - Matrices (Mathematics) KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Public utilities KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Traffic KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic interference KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - United Kingdom KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilities KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34275/DOT-TSC-UMTA-76-12.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62291 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154798 AU - Vaccaro, A P AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - AN INVENTORY OF FUTURE TRANSIT SUBSURFACE CONSTRUCTION PY - 1976/06 SP - 109 p. AB - An inventory of future transit (fixed guideway) subsurface construction in the United States and Puerto Rico was undertaken, covering the 1976-1990 time frame. A total of 19 transit constructing authorities in 17 cities were surveyed by questionnaire and on-site visitations. Information was gathered on status, routes, type of construction, costs, geology, environmental factors, and any other unique factors. A total of over 120 miles of planned construction was revealed, expected to cost over $7.5 billion, in the survey time period. However, the total is heavily influenced by planned Washington construction. Among other cities about 30 miles is totally funded; the rest is planned but unfunded. Costs of cut and cover are beginning to approach mined tunnel (except in New York), and environmental considerations often swing the balance. KW - California KW - Colorado KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction projects KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Geological surveying KW - Geology KW - Georgia KW - Hawaii KW - Illinois KW - Maryland KW - Massachusetts KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minnesota KW - New York (State) KW - Pennsylvania KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Puerto Rico KW - Questionnaires KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Route surveying KW - Route surveys KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Surveying KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground surveys KW - Virginia KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151727 AU - Grey Advertising Incorporated AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Smith and Locke Associates Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED. OFF-PEAK HALF-FARE STUDY INVENTORY REPORT PY - 1976/06 SP - 209 p. AB - The study dealt with off-peak half-fare transportation services for the handicapped. This report contains 106 listings of half-fare practices on transit systems, as well as a description of two state-wide programs, in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, that apply to all transit systems participating in such programs. The 196 listings include 163 of the urbanized areas eligible for Section 5 funds and covers a total of 241 transit operators. Of the 196 listings, 153 have been obtained from applications approved by UMTA, and 43 from applications which are still pending. KW - Aged KW - Cost engineering KW - Fares KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Fund allocations KW - Level of service KW - New Jersey KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak traffic KW - Pennsylvania KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Traffic KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151712 AU - Tubbs, A E AU - Rajendra, K AU - City of Lansing AU - Tri-County Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SERVICES INTEGRATION PROJECT. FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1976/06 SP - 162 p. AB - The study was conducted for the Tri-County Region consisting of Ingham, Eaton and Clinton Counties in Michigan. A very large number of special transportation agencies are involved in serving the elderly, handicapped and low-income populations in the area with apparently no coordination among each other. The report documents a brief outline of interim reports besides decision rules for participation in a coordinated system, role of the Central Coordinating Agency, procedures for making services available to a general user and/or clients of an agency, results of an experimental set up for coordination of services, fare structure and other details. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Michigan KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional planning KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325356 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY--PHASE I PY - 1976/06 SP - 179 p. AB - The City of New York, with the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, has embarked on the Manhattan Garment Center Urban Goods Movement Study in order to better understand the goods movement process, to develop techniques to alleviate the difficulties of urban goods movement, and to implement these techniques. This Garment Center study represents the first major effort to investigate the goods movement problems existing in a major, highly urbanized environment. The project is a comprehensive study of urban goods movement and is organzied to meet several objectives: (1) to be accessible and responsive to the community; (2) to develop, design, evaluate, and implement short-term, low capital improvements for the goods movement system; and (3) to identify long-term solutions to goods movement difficulties. (UMTA) KW - Business districts KW - Central business districts KW - Commercial districts KW - Freight traffic KW - Inner cities KW - Streets KW - Traffic control KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00169305 AU - Mid-America Regional Council AU - Huron River Group, Incorporated AU - Missouri Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - KCMR DIAL-A-RIDE STUDY: REPORT NUMBER 3. PERSONNEL AND TRAINING FOR DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1976/06 SP - 50 p. AB - This study is comprised of 6 reports that encompass all of the major facets of a demand-responsive system. It is designed to assist the Mid-America Regional Council and local government agencies in the detailed service planning of Dial-A-Ride services in the Kansas City Metropolitan Region. A small pilot system was applied in Independence, Missouri, and a larger pilot system was applied in Johnson County, Kansas. Report No. 3 is aimed at providing prospective operators of relatively small Dial-A-Ride systems with tested and workable guidelines for the recruitment, scheduling, and training of personnel. It describes the basic personnel operations of the small and large systems, and lists the necessary duties of management. Sample lesson plans, training sessions, map and routing exercises, dispatcher and driver evaluation checklists, and a self-training worksheet are included. It was found that Dial-A-Ride service to the general public should be seriously considered for expansion of public transportation in major portions of the KCMR, and especially in medium and lower density suburban areas. KW - Communication systems KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Guidelines KW - Kansas KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Missouri KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Personnel management KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Public transit KW - Radio KW - Recruiting KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Specialized training KW - Suburbs KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/57826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145552 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY. A FIVE YEAR PROGRESS SUMMARY, 1971-1976 PY - 1976/06 SP - 133 p. AB - Contents: Program management; Applications engineering and technical support; Facilities development; Test and evaluation; Technology development; Noise abatement; Tunneling; Safety and reliability. KW - Development KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Noise attenuation KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Tests KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153968 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATION OF TRANSBUS BY THE ELDERLY PY - 1976/05/28 SP - 103 p. AB - One of the design goals of the Transbus Program is to provide transportation for the elderly and the handicapped. Tests evaluated the design features of Prototype Bus in comparison to the baseline of a current production bus. Findings from these tests served as a key input to the development of specifications for production. This human factors test program consisted of test subjects (33 elderly volunteers), three prototype Transbuses and a General Motors New Look, Chicago version Transbus, that served as a human factors baseline for comparison with the other three prototype Transbuses. The test results showed mobility (getting on and off a bus) to be the highest preference score for the elderly. The elderly gave a high rating to the GM prototype for passenger assists, and low rating to the AM General and Rohr because both buses lacked vertical assists in the front of the bus and in the lounge area. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Evaluation KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01408526 AU - Oram, R L AU - United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Office of Policy and Program Development TI - Transportation system management: bibliography of technical reports PY - 1976/05 IS - UMTA-UPP-L-76-1 SP - 149p KW - Bibliographies KW - Bibliography KW - Bicycle KW - Bicycles KW - Economics KW - Improvement KW - Management KW - Pedestrian KW - Pedestrians KW - Transport economics KW - Transport management KW - Urban transport KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1176322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137348 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGN PHASES I AND II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1976/05 SP - 60 p. AB - The specific tasks of the Urban Goods Movement Demonstration Project Design Study which are addressed in this report are: (1) To define quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of goods movement in urban areas on goods movement cost, traffic congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, noise pollution, and land use; (2) to identify problems associated with urban goods movement and their basic or fundamental causes; and (3) to generate plausible solutions to these problems. Other tasks of the study, not yet complete, are to analyze the potential solutions, to identify those which are particularly desirable and to propose and design demonstration projects to test and/or implement the proposed solutions. This executive summary provides a brief overview of the entire study. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost estimating KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic impacts KW - Economics KW - Estimates KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Land use KW - Noise KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137436 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION/AMERICAN PUBLIC TRANSIT ASSOCIATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES CONFERENCE, ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY 19-20, 1976 PY - 1976/05 SP - 131 p. AB - The document contains the material that was presented at the Urban Mass Transportation Administration/American Public Transit Association Research and Development Priorities Conference. The papers specifically address the following aspects of urban transportation research and development: bus and paratransit technology; rail transit technology; new systems and automation; socioeconomic research and special projects; service and methods demonstrations; priorities and balance in UMTA research and development; delivery systems for putting results of research and development into service; transit management; and planning methodology. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automation KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Development KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Meetings KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy making KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sociology KW - Technological forecasting KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00174674 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF EXPRESS BUSWAY ON SAN BERNARDINO FREEWAY - THIRD YEAR REPORT PY - 1976/05 SP - 187 p. AB - This is the final report completing the evaluation of the San Bernardino Freeway Express Busway in the operational mode of exclusive use by buses. The San Bernardino Freeway Express Busway is an 11-mile, double-lane, exclusive roadway for buses connecting downtown Los Angeles to the City of El Monte. The busway lanes, which were built in the median strip of land, at some points, alongside the freeway, are physically separated by concrete and flexible barriers from those lanes which serve automobile traffic, making it a bus rapid transit system. This $57 million system is the most complete facility of its kind in the country, having off-line stations, park-ride facilities, double (bi-directional) bus lanes, feeder bus lines, and a downtown reserved (contraflow) lane. The Busway offers a service that is competitive with automobile commuting on the semi-congested freeway. The running time on the 11.2 mile busway, including two intermediate station stops, is 14 minutes. The project is part of the SCAG High Occupancy Vehicle Program consisting of transportation measures for improving air quality and energy conservation, and includes preferential treatment for high occupancy vehicles on freeways and major arterials, carpool action programs and transit development strategies. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - California KW - Evaluation KW - Expressways KW - Freeways KW - Level of service KW - Parking facilities KW - Public opinion KW - Railroad stations KW - Services KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/69502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380777 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Long Island Rail Road TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION AND PROGRAMMING. REFERENCE MANUALS, VERSION I, VOLUMES I-IV PY - 1976/05 SP - 202 p. AB - The New York City Transit Authority Simulation System, developed from the Long Island Rail Road Simulation System, effectively and economically depicts NYCTA performance. Results can be the basis for informed judgements concerning the type of modifications that should be made in equipment and schedules. The NYCTA Simulation System documentation consists of four volumes: Volume I--Reference Manual, contains a summary of the system's applications and features along with a description of the types of input data and instructions for running the programs and interpreting their output; Volume II--Data Preparation Manual, describes data conventions, coding formats and the data checking utility program; Volume III-Program Design Manual, is divided into two sections, the first containing narrative descriptions of the components of the simulation system and the second with descriptions of the internal tables used by the various components; Volume IV--Program Listing Manual, is divided into three sections: Input Editor phase, Simulation phase, and Output Editor phase. KW - Computer programs KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Train operation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143216 AU - Pushkarev, B S AU - Zupan, J M AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DENSITIES FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976/05 SP - 318 p. AB - The report develops relationships to show the suitability of different urban density arrangements to eight modes of public transportation: the taxicab, dial-a-bus, local bus, express bus, light rail, light guideway transit, rapid transit and commuter rail. Differences in transit ridership among urban areas are largely explained by areawide density, downtown size measured in nonresidential floorspace and the existence of rail transit. Operating and capital costs of the eight modes are examined. At any particular residential density, the demand level will vary depending on the area's distance from a non-resident concentration, and on the size and character of that concentration. For a minimum cost per passenger, downtowns of about 10, 15, and 35 million square feet of non-residential floorspace provide minimum, intermediate, and frequent service, respectively. Express buses to which passengers walk must be confined to large cities, and can only operate at very low frequencies. Park-and-ride express bus service can provide low and intermediate service frequencies to downtowns in the 20 to 50 million square foot range or larger. Light rail is promising for downtowns in the 35 to 50 million square foot range. The present generation of automated light guideway transit is limited to special applications, not to line haul use with its high peaks. Rapid transit to a downtown of 50 million square feet of total non-residential floor-space appears to be possible, if favorable construction conditions exist. Residential densities as low as 1 to 2 dwellings per acre can support commuter rail if the route connects to a very large downtown. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Buses KW - Capitalized costs KW - Commuter service KW - Costs KW - Express buses KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Mode choice KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Street railroads KW - Traffic density KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62280 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158115 AU - Pun, C F AU - KIDDER, A E AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro TI - FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF COMPANY-BASED CARPOOLING PROGRAMS SN - NC-11-0004 PY - 1976/05 SP - 63 p. AB - This study reports the results of two successive interviews with selected companies in Greensboro, North Carolina which undertook to review workers' interest in carpooling before, during and after the energy crisis. Comapnies are compared for extent of carpool formation. It is observed that companies which actively encouraged participation in carpool matching programs ended up with higher rates of carpool formation than companies which maintained a passive stance on carpooling. Carpooling appears slightly more prevalent among older workers, and among white collar workers. However, the sample of companies is biased in favor of white collar companies; therefore the relationship between occupation and carpooling remains unsettled. No difference appeared by sex. Social segregation in carpools is indicated by the relatively few (11% of total) carpools which carry both blue white collar workers. Corporate executives in some of the larger manufacturing concerns in Greensboro were unwilling to promote carpool matching efforts by the firm, beacuse they do not want to invade workers' privacy, because they felt the majority did not want to carpool, and because they did not wish to interfere in the workers' mode choices. Of interest is the fact that in four out of the five companies studied, the percentage of workers carpooling rose after the end of the energy crisis. New patterns of commuting by ridesharing evolved during the days of the gasoline lines, and continued thereafter, spreading to other workers over time. Companies reported with satisfaction the increased availability of parking spaces, and the continued good environmental effects of increased carpooling. KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Gender KW - Occupations KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50585 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166431 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY ABSORBING BUMPERS FOR TRANSIT BUSES: TRANSBUS PROGRAM PY - 1976/05 SP - 49 p. AB - The report describes the results of a program to test and evaluate the potential benefits of energy absorbing bumpers for transit buses. The objective of the program is to determine, through controlled tests, the capabilities/limitations of six new design energy absorbing bumper systems. Principal emphasis is placed upon the bumper system performance under simulated in-service tests with respect to its effectiveness in protecting the bus from minor accident hazards encountered during revenue service. The economic benefits of energy absorbing bumpers are discussed with respect to life-cycle accident costs. The test facilities, each type of bumper system tested, and the test procedure is described in detail, in terms of the objectives of the tests, equipment and methodology used for testing, and functional descriptions of each bumper system. The detailed test results for each bumper system are presented in table format, indicating energy absorbing performance at various impact velocities, maximum impact capability, and other attendant characteristics. Conclusions concerning the results of the tests including projected benefits of energy absorbing bumpers are delineated. Significant factors relating to bumper weight, cost, durability, etc., are summarized. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bumpers KW - Buses KW - Design standards KW - Durability KW - Energy absorption KW - Impact tests KW - Methodology KW - Protection KW - Protectors KW - Shock absorbers KW - Simulation KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144068 AU - Holowaty, M C AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Rosen, S M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates TI - IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF METHODS FOR CONTROL OF URBAN RAIL SYSTEM NOISE. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PY - 1976/05 SP - 100 p. AB - This report presents an experimental design for a project to evaluate four techniques for reducing wheel-rail noise on urban rail transit systems: (a) resilient wheels, (b) damped wheels, (c) wheel truing, and (d) rail griding. The design presents the project questions to be answered: (1) What reduction in noise can be achieved by the techniques, individually and in combinations? (2) What are the costs of the techniques? The design gives data requirements for acoustic testing on the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority Market-Frankford Line, as well as requirements for collection of non-acoustic data covering all United States rapid transit systems. It prescribes methods for analysis of the data, means for drawing inferences to answer the questions posed, and formats for presentation. The design requires that the findings of the completed study be presented in a manner such that the information can be used by transit system personnel who may not have a background in acoustics or cost analysis. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Damping (Engineering) KW - Light rail transit KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Rail grinding KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Resilient wheels KW - Sound level KW - Wheel damping KW - Wheel truing KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144136 AU - Oram, R L AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TECHNICAL REPORTS PY - 1976/05 SP - 149 p. AB - This document is a bibliography of readily obtainable technical reports on operational transportation improvements. It was prepared to assist in the development of Transportation System Management (TSM) plans as required by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration/Federal Highway Administration urban transportation planning regulations that were issued in Fall 1975, and in the implementation of TSM improvements. (TSM plans are intended to document the local strategy for improving air quality, conserving energy, and improving transportation efficiency and mobility through management of the existing transportation system.) Descriptions and availability information on over 150 reports dealing with low-capital, short-range, or policy oriented urban transportation improvements are included and classified into 9 sections. The first, General, includes transportation management overviews, survey reports on the various operational approaches and strategies for improved transportation efficiency, and demonstration program reports. The remaining sections contain more focused reports in the following areas: Preferential Treatment for High Occupancy Vehicles, Traffic Operations, Parking Management, Transit Improvements, Transit Management, Pooling and Paratransit, Pedestrians and Bicycles, and Transportation Demand Management. KW - Bibliographies KW - Bicycles KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Highway operations KW - Improvements KW - Near midair crashes KW - Near miss collisions (Ground transportation) KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Research KW - Surveys KW - Traffic KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation research KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56626/transportationsy761rich_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00154807 AU - Taube, R N AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Milwaukee Department of City Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS ACTUATED SIGNAL PREEMPTION SYSTEMS: A PLANNING METHODOLOGY PY - 1976/05 SP - 128 p. AB - Although bus preemption systems have been tested and proven feasible, no generalizations have been drawn from these experiments which have prevented planners from applying this innovation to their particular problems or geographic locations with any assurance it would be economically desirable. The overall purpose of the study is to generalize the results of previous research, experimentation, and demonstration and to derive design guides and warrants for the installation of bus actuated signal preemption equipment. In particular, this report examines the conditions under which a green extension signal preemption can be operated. Equations were constructed which describe its behavior in terms of costs and revenues generated to the bus, its passengers, and other traffic. These equations are then used to compute a revenue-cost ratio which may be used for evaluating the economic desirability of installing this type of preemption system at a particular intersection. The methodology points out the potential of bus actuated signal preemption systems and also identifies areas needing further research. KW - Actuated traffic signal controllers KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Equations KW - Estimates KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intersections KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Traffic actuated controllers KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133425 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS INTERIOR DESIGN FOR IMPROVING SAFETY PY - 1976/04/30 SP - 58 p. AB - The report describes a project of testing and analysis directed at finding solutions to the problem of on-board accidents on transit buses which was conducted as part of the Transbus program. Accident statistics are discussed with respect to the on-board accident problem, the on-board accident scenario, interior hazards and potential design changes, and the deceleration problem. A comparison of the risk of on-board accidents to other everyday human risks is presented. An on-board accident test procedure was developed based upon knowledge gained from the accident data analysis. This human factors test procedure is described in detail, in terms of the following: test objectives, detailed test procedures, data analysis procedures. The general test results, a comparison of the test results for the Transbus prototypes, and significant conclusions for urban transit bus safety are presented. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Buses KW - Crash investigation KW - Deceleration KW - Design standards KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Interior KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety factors KW - Statistics KW - Testing KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137324 AU - MCKELVEY, D J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES AND CONSIDERATIONS IN PLANNING AND OPERATING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FOR OLDER AMERICANS PY - 1976/04 SP - 69 p. AB - The report identifies considerations in planning and operating: (1) Transportation systems for older Americans; and (2) public systems in rural areas. It identifies an approach to transportation planning and a number of elements related to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of that system. The report draws upon the experience with dial-a-ride and special rural transportation system in the Midwest and on literature concerning dial-a-ride and transportation for the elderly and handicapped. It is intended to provide a basic set of considerations, questions, knowledge and expectations about elderly and rural transportation systems. KW - Aged KW - Guidelines KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136974 AU - Kemp, M A AU - Rea, R L AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSIT FARE AND SERVICE POLICIES: A CLASSIFIED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1976/04 SP - 40 p. AB - The bibliography is concerned with the consequences---most specifically the ridership and cost implications---of various policies regarding service and fare levels for urban public transit. Cited publications are classified under separate headings for ease in reference. These are: the demand for transit service; fare and service elasticities of demand; transit operating costs; the economics of transit pricing; public subsidies for transit operations; low-fare and no-fare transit; transit fare structures; transit fare and the distribution of income; transit and the transportation disadvantaged; transit planning, operation and evaluation; marketing transit; and general reference material. KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus lines KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost engineering KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Passengers KW - Policy KW - Prices KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Subsidies KW - Subways KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00147316 AU - Ellis, R AU - Sherrett, A AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission TI - TRANSPORTATION AND TRAVEL IMPACTS OF BART: INTERIM SERVICE FINDINGS. BART IMPACT PROGRAM. PHASE I PY - 1976/04 SP - 216 p. AB - The 71-mile Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System, serving San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley and their suburbs, is the first regional-scale rapid transit system to open in the United States in 50 years. The final link of the system opened for service in September 1974. This report summarizes BART's initial impacts on regional transportation system performance and travel patterns. The report deals with the effects of interim BART service over the period September 1972 through June 1975. Impacts are assessed in terms of BART's design and operating characteristics; its service levels; changes in accessibility; the level and nature of BART's ridership; impacts on travel by bus and automobile; impacts on the service provided by the rest of the transit system; and impacts on traffic congestion. BART's capital costs, interim operating costs and revenues, and interim energy consumption are also analyzed. (Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.) KW - California KW - Capitalized costs KW - Competition KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Expenses KW - Level of service KW - Mode choice KW - Operating expenses KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Revenues KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143038 AU - DiCesare, F AU - Sullo, G AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTERIZED BUS TRANSIT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM USING CREDIT CARD FARE COLLECTION DATA PY - 1976/04 SP - 104 p. AB - This research indicates that development of a bus transit management information system that uses data from a bus credit card fare collection system is feasible from a hardware and software standpoint. An assessment of the data available from the credit card system shows that valuable and timely ridership and revenue information, which would not be readily available otherwise, can be provided to assist in management decisions regarding changes in service. To match the large amount of available information to the transit manager's needs, a two level form of presentation is proposed with daily indicators for monitoring transit system performance and detailed reports available on demand. KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Credit KW - Data collection KW - Fare collection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Management information systems KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144013 AU - SCHMIDT, B AU - Matarazzi, B AU - Dunnicliff, C J AU - Alsup, S AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Soil and Rock Instrumentation, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION METHODS FOR SOFT GROUND RAPID TRANSIT TUNNELS. VOLUME II: APPENDIXES A-F PY - 1976/04 SP - 144 p. AB - This study assesses subsurface exploration methods with respect to their ability to provide adequate data for the construction of rapid transit, soft-ground bored and cut-and-cover tunnels. Geophysical and other exploration tools not now widely used in urban underground construction are investigated, their potential is discussed, and performance specifications and ideas for future development are presented. The effect of geotechnical variations on construction costs is modeled, and the effect of the prior knowledge of variation, including preliminary designs, specifications, cost estimates, and development plans, are formulated. Volume Two contains Appendixes A-F. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Economic analysis KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geological investigations KW - Geological surveying KW - Geophysical explorations KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Performance based specifications KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Soft soils KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Subsurface explorations KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Surveys KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144012 AU - SCHMIDT, B AU - Matarazzi, B AU - Dunnicliff, C J AU - Alsup, S AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Soil and Rock Instrumentation, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION METHODS FOR SOFT GROUND RAPID TRANSIT TUNNELS. VOLUME I: SECTIONS 1-6 AND REFERENCES PY - 1976/04 SP - 203 p. AB - The objectives of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Tunneling Program are to lower subway construction costs and reduce construction hazards and damage to the environment. Some measure of each of these objectives for bored tunnels and deep excavations can be achieved through a more detailed knowledge of the subsurface and of how changes in soil types or characteristics will affect construction. This study assesses subsurface exploration methods with respect to their ability to provide adequate data for the construction of rapid transit, soft-ground bored and cut-and-cover tunnels. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Cut and cover tunneling KW - Economic analysis KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Geologic investigations KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geological surveying KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Soft soils KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soils KW - Structural design KW - Subsurface explorations KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Surveys KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137426 AU - Adams, R AU - HILDEBRAND, G AU - Pratt Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DESIGN AND USAGE FACTORS OF PARATRANSIT VEHICLES AND FACILITIES PY - 1976/04 SP - 150 p. AB - The study explores history and future of equipment and facilities for paratransit usage, focusing particularly on facilities for demand responsive services. Relevant technology development programs are discussed along with safety, human factors and operators' concerns, with special attention to boarding considerations of the elderly and handicapped. A spectrum of vehicles is conceptualized for single and multi-party service in both near and mid-term time frames, and in specialized versions to accommodate elderly/handicapped and general population. Local, line-haul and terminal facilities for paratransit vehicles are examined including ubiquitous treatments to support elderly/handicapped access, integration in high traffic, multi-modal terminal facilities; priority and exclusive rights-of-way with the long-term prospect of wayside power to overcome limitations of chemical battery storage; introduction of electric-powered vehicles. KW - Aged KW - City planning KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Highway safety KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Propulsion KW - Safety KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151809 AU - Maggied, H AU - Graziano, P AU - Steeger, R S AU - Weems, D AU - Corrington, B AU - Jorgensen (Roy) and Associates AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM PY - 1976/04 SP - 336 p. AB - The study was designed to develop an integrated multi-modal transportation planning system that would offer guidelines to transportation management for facilitating planning. The major research included developing agency goals and functional objectives; identifying opportunities and constraints as mandated or restricted by existing legislation; defining procedures, organizational alternatives, a system concept, communications and information, a manpower management plan, and an implementation strategy. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Demonstration projects KW - Georgia KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - States KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197445 AU - Martin, J W AU - Faddick, R R AU - Colorado School of Mines AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR THE RAPID EXCAVATION OF TUNNELS. PART I. INSTALLATION OF TEST FACILITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 112 p. AB - This report deals with the selection of a test site, the design of a test installation, equipment selection, the installation and start-up of a pneumatic pipeline system for the transportation of tunnel muck. A review of prior pneumatic applications (Appendix A) provided knowledge on the state-of-the-art and a basic background for the design of the test equipment and development of a tentative test program. A suitable site was found four miles from the campus, and the site was prepared, equipment ordered, installed, and checked-out. The installation comprises a muck preparation unit, blower-feeder assembly, two telescoping pipes in series, 500 ft. of 10-inch diameter pipe with a vertical lift of 160 ft. on a 27 degree slope. The test unit is a full scale 100 ton per hour pneumatic transport system in a configuration suitable for application in a tunnel and capable of being extended under load to simulate service requirements. The test system developed has the capability to transport 100 tons/per hour of rock through a 10 inch pipeline approximately 550 feet long with vertical lift of 160 feet. KW - Belt conveyors KW - Blowers KW - Construction equipment KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Fans KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Loads KW - Materials management KW - Muck tunneling KW - Mucking KW - Pipeline transportation KW - Pipelines KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic systems KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Test facilities KW - Transportation KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137306 AU - ELIAS, SEG AU - Redwine, C N AU - DESHPANDE, G K AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PRT IMPACT STUDY, A PRE-PRT PHASE. VOLUME I. TRAVEL ANALYSIS PY - 1976/03 SP - 91 p. AB - Part of a three-volume work, this report describes the analysis performed on travel data collected for the Pre-PRT Impact Study. The data analyzed consist of travel behavior, travel patterns, model utilization and travel costs of various modes of travel in Morgantown before the revenue operation of the PRT in Morgantown. The analysis resulted in estimates of travel by various subpopulations by automobile, university bus and city/county bus systems in Morgantown. Further analysis conducted yielded estimates of traffic flow between various activity centers in Morgantown. Trip generation, trip distribution and modal split were estimated for Morgantown PRT corridor travel before the revenue operation of the PRT. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Estimates KW - Impact studies KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Passengers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip distribution KW - Trip generation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137307 AU - ELIAS, SEG AU - Redwine, C N AU - Trent, R B AU - Rovelstad, J M AU - Mallik, A K AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PRT IMPACT STUDY, PRE-PRT PHASE. VOLUME II. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE AND CODING MANUAL PY - 1976/03 SP - 163 p. AB - The report describes the procedures utilized for collection of data on transportation demand and supply prior to the revenue operation of the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System in Morgantown, West Virginia. Most of the report is devoted to describing various surveys which were conducted to obtain information about travel patterns, attitudes, and demographic characteristics of residents of the Morgantown area. The report also discusses the collection of data reflecting the volume of transportation usage, such as traffic counts, bus ridership counts, and speeds of autos and buses. Also described are the costs of operating an automobile and costs and revenues of the bus systems operating in the Morgantown area. The report includes documentation of the format and codes used for placing the survey data on magnetic tape. KW - Analysis KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Demographics KW - Expenses KW - Information processing KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Needs assessment KW - Passengers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Surveys KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137308 AU - Redwine, C N AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PRT IMPACT STUDY, PRE-PRT PHASE. VOLUME III. FREQUENCY TABULATIONS FROM FOUR TRANSPORTATION-RELATED SURVEYS PY - 1976/03 SP - 151 p. AB - The report gives tabulations of survey responses which were collected in Morgantown, West Virginia, as part of a study to assess the impact of the installation of the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System. KW - Data collection KW - Impact studies KW - Interviewing KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Passengers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Traffic surveys KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133210 AU - Casey, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA. PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVING A UNIVERSITY AND TOWN PY - 1976/03 SP - 20 p. AB - Chapel Hill, North Carolina, is an illustration of a public transit service providing a high level of service for a town its size and a good example of a cooperative arrangement between a town and a resident university. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Level of service KW - North Carolina KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41409 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133217 AU - Mergel, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: SUDBURY, MASSACHUSETTS. A SHORT-LIVED SUBURBAN TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1976/03 SP - 14 p. AB - Sudbury, Massachusetts, is an illustration of a over-extended fixed-route transit service which was rather short-lived. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local context is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Fixed routes KW - Massachusetts KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Small cities KW - Suburbs KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133214 AU - Misner, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: EVANSVILLE, INDIANA: A LOW SUBSIDY TRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1976/03 SP - 15 p. AB - Evansville, Indiana, is an illustration of a transit service in which a large percentage of operating costs are obtained from fare-box revenues. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Fares KW - Indiana KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133218 AU - Misner, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT. COMPREHENSIVE TRANSIT SERVICE IN AN AFFLUENT SUBURBAN COMMUNITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 23 p. AB - Westport, Connecticut is an illustration of a fixed-route transit service operating in an affluent suburban community. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Connecticut KW - Economic impacts KW - Local government KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Small cities KW - Suburbs KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133211 AU - Misner, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: EAST CHICAGO, INDIANA. FREE-FARE TRANSIT IN A HIGH DENSITY, INDUSTRIALIZED AREA PY - 1976/03 SP - 12 p. AB - East Chicago, Indiana, is an illustration of a free-fare transit service operating in a high density area. The transit service was devised with a minimum of help from professional consultants, and without sophisticated routing, scheduling, or marketing plans. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Indiana KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Public transit KW - Routes KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41410 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133207 AU - Casey, R AU - Michener, W AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS FREE FARE, STUDENT OPERATED TRANSIT IN A UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 20 p. AB - Amherst, Massachusetts, is an illustration of a free-fare transit service serving a university campus. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local context is stressed. KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Local government KW - Massachusetts KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Students KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133209 AU - KENDALL, D AU - Misner, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: BREMERTON, WASHINGTON: PRIVATELY OPERATED SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICE TO AN INDUSTRIAL SITE SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1976/03 SP - 10 p. AB - Bremerton, Washington, is an illustration of a privately operated, profitmaking subscription bus service. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local context is stressed. KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Financing KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Industries KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Subscription bus service KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143230 AU - Winchester, S A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HADDONFIELD DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION, THIRD HOUSEHOLD SURVEY PY - 1976/03 SP - 70 p. AB - The Haddonfield, New Jersey Dial-A-Ride (DAR) System operated from February 1972 to December 1974. The overall objective of the project was to determine the public attitudes, economic and technical feasibility, and community impacts of the Demand-Responsive Transportation concept. The household survey discussed in this report was conducted in September 1974 in the dial-a-ride service areas of Haddonfield, Barrington, Lawnside, and Cherry Hill, New Jersey. The Haddonfield Dial-A-Ride had been in service for 20 months. This survey was administered to obtain data on the socioeconomic profile and travel characteristics of the users of Dial-A-Ride and the users of taxi, fixed-route bus and auto modes. Tabulations of the responses collected were made for each of four samples on a household, person and trip basis. Among conclusions reached was that the use of Dial-A-Ride for travel between home and work was higher than that shown by previous surveys. KW - Attitudes KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic factors KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Public opinion KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159376 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. BUS CHARACTERISTICS NEEDED FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN URBAN TRAVEL PY - 1976/03 SP - 79 p. AB - Constraints imposed on bus design by the elderly and handicapped are outlined. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Human factors engineering KW - Level of service KW - Minibuses KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Requirement KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137336 AU - Stuart, R C AU - Hauck, M R AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CENSUS AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: SURVEY OF EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AS TO THE USEFULNESS OF THE 1970 CENSUS DATA IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1976/03 SP - 53 p. AB - The purpose of the project is to evaluate the usefulness of 1970 Census data for urban transportation planning with special emphasis placed on evaluating the 1970 Urban Transportation Planning Package. The project seeks to: (1) Identify urban transportation planning-related data from the 1970 Census; (2) evaluate the uses of those data in urban transportation planning; (3) identify user problems; (4) identify alternative sources of these data products; and (5) develop a series of recommendations for the 1980 Census. Personal and telephone interviews with ten state, and twenty-five substate regional agencies and three university and private consultants were used to generate the desired information. The experiences and opinions of the interviewees were compiled and summarized into a series of recommendations for the 1980 Census. KW - Census KW - City planning KW - Data analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Interviewing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Recommendations KW - Statistics KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137378 AU - Friedman, T W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PRELIMINARY SYSTEMS DESIGN FOR A MULTI-PURPOSE TRANSIT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1976/03 SP - 102 p. AB - The report presents a preliminary systems design for a multi-purpose transit planning and management information system. It conceptualizes two such information systems: one for the automation of transit schedule data for the production of scheduling related reports, and the other for the automation of transit schedule data and street network data for a general transit information system. While the former system is designed to produce the types of reports currently manually produced and in use by the transit industry, the latter system is intended to provide an automated data base for the planning and marketing of transit services. The purpose of the report is to provide transit properties and others with an efficient file structure for organizing schedule data for the production of various types of output based on the concept of random access search. KW - Automation KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Networks KW - Scheduling KW - Streets KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137329 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK. VOLUME I. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS. SECOND EDITION PY - 1976/03 SP - 408 p. AB - This handbook is a guide and reference for the planning, design, construction and operation of environmental control systems for underground rapid transit. The handbook follows the engineering sequence from criteria through load analysis, and from system conceptual design to selection of equipment. It covers a broad range of parameters, including temperature, humidity, air quality and rapid pressure change, and, to a limited extent, noise and vibration as related to environmental control equipment. The content of the handbook is divided into two volumes. Volume I (this volume), Principles and Applications, encompasses all of the above subject matter so that much of the environmental system design can be accomplished using the techniques, computations and related graphic data contained therein. KW - Air KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air flow KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Flow KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors engineering KW - Humidity KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Structural design KW - Subway environment KW - Subway noise KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Temperature KW - Temperature control KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems KW - Vibration control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137053 AU - Wilson, NHM AU - Weissberg, R W AU - Hauser, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED DIAL-A-RIDE ALGORITHMS RESEARCH PROJECT PY - 1976/03 SP - 130 p. AB - The work builds upon the algorithms and the computer control procedures developed under the CARS Project between 1967 and 1971, and upon the findings of the Haddonfield, New Jersey, dial-a-ride demonstration project which ran from February, 1972 to October, 1974. The purpose of the Advanced Dial-A-Ride Algorithms Research (ADAR) Project was to develop advanced dial-a-ride control procedures based on the experience gained in Haddonfield, and to investigate the problem of controlling integrated dial-a-ride/fixed route services. Another demonstration project in Rochester, New York, began in April, 1975, which also provided significant input to the ADAR Project research. This document is structured so as to be readable by nontechnical persons not familiar with dial-a-ride algorithms research, as well as by more technical transportation planners. The first chapters contain background material --- what a control algorithm does, who it serves, and various general elements of algorithms planning. Later chapters describe the new work performed under the ADAR Project, and lessons learned from the demonstrations. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programming KW - Constraints KW - Control KW - Control systems KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fixed routes KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - New Jersey KW - New York (State) KW - Optimization KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Research KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133213 AU - KENDALL, D AU - Reed, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: EUGENE/SPRINGFIELD, OREGON. EXTENSIVE COUNTY-WIDE TRANSIT COVERAGE PY - 1976/03 SP - 18 p. AB - Eugene/Springfield, Oregon is an illustration of a fixed-route transit service with extensive county-wide coverage. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Fixed routes KW - Local government KW - Measurement KW - Oregon KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133219 AU - Casey, R AU - Coefield, C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: XENIA, OHIO. TRANSIT SERVICE FOR A REBUILDING COMMUNITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 16 p. AB - Xenia, Ohio is an illustration of a transit service which evolved from a freefare emergency service to a demonstration of para-transit services. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local context is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Disasters KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Ohio KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Reconstruction KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Tornadoes KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133208 AU - Michener, W AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN, PILOT DIAL-A-RIDE PROJECT IN A SECTOR OF THE CITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 14 p. AB - Ann Arbor, Michigan, is an illustration of a pilot dial-a-ride project implemented to test the feasibility of a coordinated dial-a-ride/fixed route service. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a samll community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local context is stressed. KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Fixed routes KW - Level of service KW - Michigan KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41407 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133215 AU - Bronitsky, L AU - KENDALL, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: MERCED, CALIFORNIA. DIAL-A-RIDE TRANSIT IN AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 20 p. AB - Merced, California, is an illustration of a dial-a-ride transit service with a relatively low operating cost. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Agricultural land KW - Buses KW - California KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Farming KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Travel demand KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133318 AU - WILLIAMS, M B AU - Ford, B M AU - Waddell, M C AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PARTY VEHICLE OCCUPANCY IN AN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY SYSTEM PY - 1976/03 SP - 93 p. AB - Many proposed new urban transit systems offer demand-actuated service between stations, vehicles being shared by several passengers. An analysis has been made of the operation of multiple-party occupancy systems in which the guideway network consists of a single loop or of several interconnecting loops. Vehicles circulate freely around the loop or loops of the network. A vehicle enters a station only if it has passengers to discharge or the station has passengers waiting for service and the vehicle can accommodate them. Vehicles placed in storage at each station may be used whenever serious queuing of waiting passengers develops. A means for replenishing storages and a procedure for limiting the number of intermediate stops experienced by a passenger are described. KW - Adaptive control KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Demand KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Operating strategies KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133206 AU - KENDALL, D AU - Misner, J AU - STEARNS, M AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT CHARACTERISTICS: AN OVERVIEW PY - 1976/03 SP - 44 p. AB - The report is based on information and operating data from thirteen small community transit systems which were studied as part of a larger project on small community transit and its potential. It summarizes organizational, institutional, and operational aspects of the case studies and contains an analysis of some of the relationships among service, cost and community response. Hypotheses are offered regarding the types of trips which are served, the cost and service trade-offs which are relevant when choosing between fixed-route and demand-responsive modes of operation, the critical variables such as labor agreements and maintenance arrangements which affect operating costs, the level of subsidy which may be anticipated, and the trade-offs between single-ride fares and transit passes as a means of fare collection. A number of conclusions are offered which bear on these topics, but the uniqueness of each community situation is stressed as an often dominant factor. The thirteen communities used for this study are: Amherst, Massachusetts; Ann Arbor, Michigan; Bremerton, Washington; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; East Chicago, Indiana; El Cajon, California; Eugene/Springfield, Oregon; Evansville, Indiana; Merced, California; Merrill, Wisconsin; Sudbury, Massachusetts; Westport, Connecticut; Xenia, Ohio. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Buses KW - California KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Connecticut KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Fare collection KW - Fixed routes KW - Indiana KW - Massachusetts KW - Michigan KW - North Carolina KW - Ohio KW - Operating costs KW - Oregon KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133216 AU - Mergel, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: MERRILL, WISCONSIN, POINT DEVIATION SERVICE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY PY - 1976/03 SP - 18 p. AB - Merrill, Wisconsin is an illustration of an innovative point-deviation transit service. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs of transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Travel demand KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133212 AU - Casey, R AU - Paul, G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: EL CAJON, CALIFORNIA. CITY-WIDE SHARED-RIDE TAXI SERVICE PY - 1976/03 SP - 10 p. AB - El Cajon, California, is an illustration of a shared ride taxi service. This case study is one of thirteen examples of a transit service in a small community. The background of the community is discussed along with a description of the implementation process and operational characteristics of the transit service. The process through which the community responds to the specific needs for transit service within the local content is stressed. KW - Aged KW - California KW - Communities KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Taxicabs KW - Technical assistance KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00186852 AU - Cheaney, E S AU - Hoess, J A AU - Thompson, R E AU - Svehla, R L AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center TI - SAFETY IN URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION: RESEARCH REPORT PY - 1976/03 SP - 199 p. AB - The Research Report covers three major topics: (1) an analysis of the current state of safety; (2) determination of acceptable safety levels; and (3) development of the Safety Guidelines Manual. Safety performance in several modes of transportation are compared as a basis for assessing the safety situation. Methods of establishing acceptable safety levels and setting safety goals are analyzed. A safety program is formulated for the urban mass transportation industry wherein system safety principles are applied in this industry's technical and institutional environment. Conclusions are drawn that urban mass transportation, although inherently hazardous, is not troubled by immediate, severe safety problems. However, these problems will confront the industry as it moves into use of new high-performance technology. Also, problems with injuries and fatalities concern the industry today and merit remedial action. Management approaches are recommended for meeting these safety problem areas. KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors engineering KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle accidents KW - Planning KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - Safety factors KW - State of the art studies KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems engineering KW - Traffic crashes KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/78101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133422 AU - Karkeet, KWJ AU - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Michigan Department of State Highways & Transport TI - REGIONAL PARKING INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS: PART I. SUPPLY AND COSTS PY - 1976/03 SP - 307 p. AB - The paper provides basic parking supply and cost data for several of the Region's major CBD's selected Activity Centers, and for Region's Shopping Centers. Basic study methodology is outlined along with the study's relationship to the Mode Choice Model. Reference is made to parking policy in a general sense. This groundwork information can be utilized as a basis from which to formulate future regional parking policy decisions. This component of the Regional Parking Inventory and Analysis provides data both in map and in tabular form. KW - Activity centers KW - Analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Facilities KW - Facilities management KW - Management KW - Maps KW - Mathematical models KW - Michigan KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Shopping centers KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133220 AU - Casey, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT: SUMMARY OF STATE AIR PROGRAMS PY - 1976/03 SP - 112 p. AB - The document presents a review of the financial and technical assistance that each state provides to communities of less than 200,000 population. In one section, state capital and operating assistance is examined. A separate section discusses the availability of technical and planning assistance. For all types of state assistance, administration procedures, funding strategies and sources, and interaction with UMTA requirements are presented. Data sheets and summary tables showing aid programs by state are presented in the Appendix. Examples of transit services operating in other communities are covered in UMTA-MA-06-0049-76-2, through -14 and include, respectively: Amherst, Massachusetts, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Bremerton, Washington; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; East Chicago, Indiana; El Cajon, California; Eugene/Springfield, Oregon; Evansville, Indiana; Merced, California; Merrill, Wisconsin; Sudbury, Massachusetts; Westport, Connecticut; Xenia, Ohio. KW - California KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Connecticut KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financing KW - Hazards and emergency operations KW - Indiana KW - Local government KW - Massachusetts KW - Michigan KW - North Carolina KW - Ohio KW - Oregon KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - State aid KW - Systems engineering KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41419 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320335 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF COMMUTER VAN EXPERIENCE, 1976 PY - 1976/02 SP - n.p. AB - Report on the characteristics and advantages of commuter van services (van-pools) providing flexible route home-to-work transportation, usually on a subscription basis. Includes 2 tables showing: a) list of operations in existence, with name and type of organizer (private or government employer, non-profit group, private bus operator, individual), location, date started, number of vans and riders, employment location (urban, suburban, rural), and length of round trip. b) Estimated average cost savings compared with driving alone, for 4 home-to-work round-trip distances. (TSC) KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy data related to transportation KW - Inventory KW - Location KW - Passenger transportation KW - Savings KW - Transportation KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136915 AU - Samuels, R E AU - International Taxicab Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPENDIUM OF PROVISIONS FOR A MODEL ORDINANCE FOR THE REGULATION OF PUBLIC PARA-TRANSIT PY - 1976/02 SP - 235 p. AB - This report comprises a complete set of provisions for the regulation of various types of public para-transit transportation. Its preparation consisted for five stages: Collection and analysis of the statutes of every state, the ordinances of some 600 municipalities and several multi-state compacts; the compilation, comparison, and the organization and drafting of the sections; considerations of varying attitudes concerning several philosophies of regulation as revealed by the existing regulations; research into the needs which would appear from the implementation of new forms of public para-transit transportation; and the assembly of the COMPENDIUM. On the pages opposite the text are cross-references, comments by the authors, some legal warnings, and generalizations intended to assist the user in the selection process. The sections of the COMPENDIUM are: Definitions; ambiguities; the licensing authority; operating licenses; vehicle licenses; chauffeur's and attendant's licenses; fees and penalties; financial responsibility; inspection of vehicles; books and records; reports; service of notice, etc.; hearings; affiliates; taxicabs; liveries and limousines; non-transit buses; jitneys; ambulances and cabulances; criminal offenses; police powers not infringed; amendments; and, partial invalidity. KW - Administration KW - Amendments KW - Buses KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Driver licenses KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fees KW - Inspection KW - Jitneys KW - Laws KW - Licenses KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ordinances KW - Paratransit services KW - Penalties KW - Police powers KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - States KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136802 AU - Miller, G K AU - Green, M A AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUTER VAN EXPERIENCE PY - 1976/02 SP - 41 p. AB - The report analyzes the planning, organization, and operation of commuter van programs (often called van pools) in the U.S. and Canada. More than 30 existing operations have been examined and classified by considering the major organizational arrangements for providing the service. The potential benefits van commuting generates for the users, employers and community are discussed, and the paper presents guidelines on the demand environment and indicates the service characteristics that are likely to be important in attracting riders. Major legal issues including public regulation, competition with bus transit, liability and insurance, and implications of driver compensation are also reviewed. The potential for widespread van programs and the proposals for large-scale, areawide van service are also discussed. KW - Bus transportation KW - Canada KW - Communities KW - Commuting KW - Insurance KW - Level of service KW - Liabilities KW - Liability insurance KW - Organizations KW - Public transit KW - Regulation KW - Regulations KW - Services KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - United States KW - User benefits KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136801 AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTER VAN PROGRAMS PY - 1976/02 SP - 138p-in 2v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136803 AU - Miller, G K AU - Green, M A AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF COMMUTER VAN PROGRAMS PY - 1976/02 SP - 97 p. AB - The document describes the major stages in the development of a company sponsored commuter van program including: the investigation of program feasibility, the promotion and organization of the service, and the operation and administration of an ongoing operation. These guidelines are based on the experience of several successful programs and potential sponsors should find them useful for their particular situation. Seven detailed case studies which are representative of the major types of commuter van services are also presented. KW - Case studies KW - Commuting KW - Financing KW - Guidelines KW - Level of service KW - Licenses KW - Market surveys KW - Organizations KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377214 AU - Sale, J E AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORTATION REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1976/02 SP - n.p. AB - This document provides a brief overview of early efforts to develop and implement a national urban transportation reporting system. It describes the program's purpose, legislative mandate, development of indicators and supporting data elements, sources of data, and proposed program administration. Separate appendices outline proposed data elements to be collected from transit operators, metropolitan planning organizations, state departments of transportation and national and metropolitan travel surveys. KW - Data collection KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics KW - Transit operators KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158065 AU - Administration and Management Research Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT STATION AREA JOINT DEVELOPMENT: STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION. VOLUME 1 PY - 1976/02 SP - 343 p. AB - Joint development strategies seek to create three conditions in station areas: improved design, integrated transit and land development, and value capture. This study constitutes one part of an overall effort by UMTA to promote joint development (multiple use of transportation corridors and stops). This study addresses the practical means of implementing joint development. A major focus of this effort is to develop methods which could be used to make accurate estimates of the value capture potential of transit station areas. This report presents the results of a two years analysis of joint development and contains: (1) an analysis of 19 case studies of examples of transit/land use joint development; (2) an analysis of the impacts of transit on property values; (3) an analysis of 28 techniques--including regulatory mechanisms, taxation, land acquisition, and public assumption of risk strategies--available to local governments which can be used to foster station area development; and (4) a proposed model legislation for the creation of Transit Corridor Development Agencies. Three categories of constraints on joint development are identified: limited station area development and value capture potential; multiple ownership of land; and inadequate public/private and interagency coordination. Recommendations resulting from this study include suggestions for program revisions, more coordination among Federal departments, and better Federal-local relationships. This study indicates that the recapture of land values will prove an important but limited source of transit financing. KW - Case studies KW - Economic analysis KW - Implementation KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Present value KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Value KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158066 AU - Administration and Management Research Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT STATION AREA JOINT DEVELOPMENT: STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTATION ECONOMIC CASE STUDIES. VOLUME 2 PY - 1976/02 SP - 355 p. AB - Case studies is a separate and supplement volume to the Final Report of the Joint Development Study and contains the complete reports on each of the station areas discussed in the Final Report. Case Studies reviews specific examples of joint development. Such an analysis permits an investigation of practical problems faced in creating joint development projects, and it provides a laboratory for testing the usefulness of alternative implementation techniques. Information in this report should be useful to planners. Thus far, transit planners have not included property value impacts as one of the variables used to determine route alignment and station locations. Case studies focuses on the economic analysis of land values in specific transit areas and purports to develop a simple and inexpensive methodology for estimating transit impact and providing a basis for value capture policy. The methodology used in the empirical research (described in Final Report) is conceptually simple and has been designed to be easily applicable by individuals who possess a good working knowledge of development conditions within a given station area. In this report the methodology was applied to the study of land values in fourteen different station areas in four cities: Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Baltimore, and Atlanta. Case Studies are "live" examples of joint development representing a variety of situations and reflecting diverse attempts to deal with actual obstacles. Work in this area covers historical examples as far back as 1900, as well as current projects and proposed developments. KW - Case studies KW - Economic analysis KW - Empirical methods KW - Implementation KW - Joint development KW - Land values KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Value capture KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133438 AU - Kangas, R AU - Mann, R AU - Glater, D AU - Cofield, C AU - Bottari, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HANDICAPPED AND ELDERLY VERTICAL MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT STUDY PY - 1976/02 SP - 100 p. AB - The report discusses the selection and assessment of seven (7) types of vertical movement devices for potential use in older types of fixed rail urban mass transit facilities. The potential utilization of these devices is directed towards an increased usage of transit facilities by physically handicapped and elderly persons. The study concentrates on the technical and cost considerations in the implementation and utilization of various standard (e.g., elevators, escalators, moving walks) and non-standard (e.g., inclined stairlifts, stair climbing wheel chairs) vertical movement devices in providing access and egress for elderly and handicapped persons to three (3) configurations of rapid-rail stations typically found in the older transit systems of the United States. The general conclusion reached in the study is that each station has its own unique character and unique access/egress problems which restrict or enhance the implementation of specific types of vertical movement devices. Hence, the determination of the device option which is technically most effective for a given station, must await the results of a detailed architectural study of the individual station under consideration. KW - Aged KW - Building codes KW - Costs KW - Elevators KW - Escalators KW - Human factors KW - Liabilities KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Structural design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133313 AU - Heaton, C AU - McCall, C AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION GUIDELINES FOR SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1976/02 SP - 187 p. AB - The document consists of evaluation guidelines for planning, implementing, and reporting the findings of the evaluation of Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The objective of these guidelines is to foster consistency of evaluation philosophy and techniques, and comparability of results so as to improve the output of the UMTA demonstration program. In addition to describing procedures for developing and executing the evaluation of SMD projects, this document contains background information the SMD Program, a general discussion of the demonstration evaluation process, and appendixes on survey techniques and statistical methodology. Although these guidelines were prepared specifically for use in evaluating SMD projects, their potential applicability covers the evaluation of any type of transit innovation. KW - Data reduction KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Planning KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Services KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00146461 AU - Graver, C A AU - Jenkins-Stark, J F AU - General Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE COST MODEL FOR COMPARING AGT AND CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES PY - 1976/02 SP - 86 p. AB - Some recent cost comparisons of conventional and Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) have directly used data from experimental AGT systems. These results are biased in that comparisons are made between an immature AGT system and mature forms of conventional transit. In effect, the analysis has not captured the long term advantage of AGT, which results from the substitution of technology for labor. An operational computer model is described which make appropriate cost comparisons. It is a life-cycle cost model that time-phases costs, accounts for the time value of money, incorporates time phased efficiency gains and provides for the impact of relative and general inflation. The model has been tested with AIRTRANS data from the AIRTRANS Assessment Project. Results are illustrative only. Conclusions concerning AIRTRANS operation are not possible as the data used was preliminary and is already out of date with more recent data showing significant cost reductions. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Estimates KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation modes KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145585 AU - Schultz, G W AU - Pratt (RH) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. UMODEL USER'S GUIDE WITH CASE STUDIES PY - 1976/02 SP - 342 p. AB - The manual is written to serve as a guide for the transportation planning analyst in the use of the program UMODEL. The manual assumes a basic knowledge of transportation planning and assumes that program documentation is available which will serve as the primary reference for applying program UMODEL. UMODEL is written with a built-in travel demand model which can be applied without any need for user coded subroutines. The manual demonstrates methods for use which may aid the analyst to heuristically apply UMODEL for forecasting trips and evaluating transportation system alternatives. The report is divided into two sections. The first section describes the default model and contains a general description of program UMODEL and discusses program formats and potential output files and reports. Six case studies illustrate its application. For the reader who wishes to know what program is and what it can do, this first section should suffice. The second section describes methods of application and uses a comprehensive series of case studies to illustrate these methods. Each case study includes a description of the problem to be solved and a list of the input data, necessary subroutine(s) and a listing of the complete UMODEL run. KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems programs KW - Forecasting KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Software KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132995 AU - Ludwick, J C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1976/02 SP - 34 p. AB - A number of techniques have been simulated that give buses priority over other traffic by preempting traffic signals as buses approach an intersection. An unconditional preemption algorithm, in which the signal is changed to green and held green as long as the bus is within 200 feet upstream from the intersection, provides 25 percent travel time benefit to buses. However, the delay to cross-street traffic can be extreme, particularly at short bus headways. An algorithm limiting the preemption to a maximum of 10 seconds provides 20 percent bus travel time improvement with only 7 percent cross-street travel time increase, even at half-minute headways. The large number of simulation runs performed has revealed factors important to the operation of such a bus priority system. Bus stops on the far-side of intersections are far superior to near-side buss stops. Buses with frequent stops have greater potential for improvement than express buses, especially if existing signal coordination is good. Instrumenting all signalized intersections is particularly important in improving express bus travel time. /UMTA/ KW - Algorithms KW - Analysis KW - Bus priority KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transportation KW - Express buses KW - Green interval (Traffic signal cycle) KW - Headways KW - Signalized intersections KW - Simulation KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41309 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143213 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Department of Housing and Urban Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SCAG - 76 GROWTH FORECAST POLICY PY - 1976/01 SP - 103 p. AB - SCAG-76 forecasts population housing, employment, and land use for 1980, 1990, 1995, and 2000 for the region, 6 counties, (Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Imperial) and 55 regional statistical areas. SCAG-76, by expressing regional and local growth policies through the use of explicit numbers, makes possible the setting of goals for the short-medium, and long-range future and allows comparison of alternative futures based on different assumptions, trends, and policies. The forecast and growth policy are implemented through SCAG's comprehensive and functional planning, A-95 reviews, reviews of environmental reports and statements, and coordination with city, county and state governments. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Counties KW - Dwellings KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Methodology KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Population KW - Regional planning KW - Statistical inference KW - Strategic planning KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136922 AU - LAKE, G AU - City of Cleveland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - DAVE Systems, Incorporated TI - CITY OF CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD ELDERLY TRANSPORTATION PROJECT - DIAL-A-BUS PY - 1976/01 SP - 125 p. AB - The Neighborhood Elderly Transportation Project establishes door-to-door local transportation service with vehicles specifically adapted to the needs of older people. Seventeen thousand five hundred (17,500) persons 60 years of age and older reside within the three service areas of Cleveland's Buckeye, Model Cities, and Tremont areas, which total about ten square miles. Revenue service began in mid-March 1975 and by the end of December, 1975, over 100,000 Dial-A-Bus passengers had been carried. This report documents the implementation efforts and actual operational experience during the first 9 and one-half months of revenue service. As a by-product, the project aims to increase the utilization of existing social and health services and to encourage the creation of more of these for use by the elderly because suitable transportation services are available. A related report is 'City of Cleveland Neighborhood Elderly Transportation (N.E.T.) Project--Quarterly Report.' (PB-248 903). KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Documentation KW - Documents KW - Door to door service KW - Level of service KW - Neighborhoods KW - Ohio KW - Paratransit services KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Social factors KW - Social welfare KW - Sociology KW - Special service KW - Standard of living KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133312 AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSBUS PUBLIC TESTING AND EVALUATION PROGRAM PY - 1976/01 SP - 246 p. AB - The report describes the public testing and evaluation component of the overall Transbus test program. Three manufacturers--AM General, GMC and ROHR Industries each built three prototype Transbuses. The No. 3 prototype from each manufacturer was evaluated by the public in Miami, New York, Kansas City and Seattle during the period October 1974 - April 1975. Reactions were obtained from the general public (riders and non-riders), the operating personnel and the handicapped. Reaction of all three groups was favorable toward the inherent features of the Transbus--low steps for boarding and alighting, big windows, wide doors. Bus drivers were favorable toward the handling and braking of all three buses and the driver seat comfort and visibility from the seat. The handicapped, including those in wheel chairs were able to board by means of a ramp (ROHR), a lift device (GMC) or by level boarding from a sidewalk platform (AMG). Reactions of the handicapped to these devices are included in the report. Other measurements made during the program included the time wear, fuel consumption and incidence of failure. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Comfort KW - Dielectric properties KW - Doors KW - Environment KW - Florida KW - Fuel consumption KW - Lifts KW - Manufacturing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (State) KW - Passengers KW - Performance tests KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Project management KW - Projects KW - Prototypes KW - Public opinion KW - Quality control KW - Ramps KW - Service life KW - Surveys KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Visibility KW - Washington (State) KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133323 AU - Gilbert, G AU - Bach, R O AU - Dilorio, F C AU - Fravel, F D AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXICAB USER CHARACTERISTICS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE CITIES PY - 1976/01 SP - 71 p. AB - In-taxi interviews were conducted with 6176 taxi users in eight small and medium-size cities in North Carolina to determine taxi usage characteristics in these cities. The interviews were conducted in each city both early and late in the month in order to test the effects of early month ridership peaking. One half of the sample cities have transit service. The data were used to test twelve hypotheses regarding the variation of taxi usage with user characteristics, time of the month, and transit. The results show the taxi users: To have substantially lower incomes and car availability rates than do large city taxi users; to be more nearly homogeneous than are large city taxi users; and to seldom use transit. The results point clearly to the need to distinguish between large and small city taxi operations. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Income KW - Interviewing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - North Carolina KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Small cities KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133451 AU - Garrard, W L AU - Caudill, R J AU - Reed, W B AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis TI - LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND CRASHWORTHINESS FOR SMALL AUTOMATED TRANSIT VEHICLES SN - MN-11-0037 PY - 1976/01 SP - 252 p. AB - This study is concerned with longitudinal control and crashworthiness for small, automated transit vehicles. Control system designs and hardware options for relatively short headway operation at moderate speeds are evaluated. Evaluation is based on performance during normal and emergency operations, sensing and communication requirements, and simplicity of design as a measure of cost and reliability. The study is restricted to the vehicle- follower control concept. Controllers are successfully designed for a variety of data sensing and transmission requirements and no problems are encountered in realizing constant safety factor, constant time headway, and constant spacing operational policies. Fundamental analytical results on collision dynamics and the effectiveness of passenger protective devices, shock absorbers, and interior configurations on occupant protection during fore and aft collisions are derived. /UMTA/ KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Follower KW - Headways KW - Manual safety belts KW - Protection KW - Research KW - Shock absorbers KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle occupants KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094128 AU - McLaughlin, B AU - LAKE, G AU - Cleveland, City, Ohio AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - DAVE Systems, Incorporated TI - CITY OF CLEVELAND NEIGHBORHOOD ELDERLY TRANSPORTATION (N.E.T.) PROJECT. DIAL-A-BUS PY - 1976/01 SP - 79 p. AB - The project establishes for people 60 years of age and older what is variously called 'demand responsive,' 'dial-a-bus,' and 'dial-a-ride' door-to-door local transportation service with vehicles specifically adapted to the needs of older persons. The demonstration project, sponsored by the city of Cleveland, Ohio, services three neighborhoods (Buckeye, Model Cities, and Tremont) selected, among other reasons, on the basis of large concentrations of elderly citizens. Seventeen thousand (17,000) persons 60 years and older reside within these three areas which encompass approximately ten square miles. Revenue service began in mid-March, 1975, and by the end of May, 1975, over 21,000 Dial-A-Bus passengers were carried. The report documents the implementation efforts and actual operational experience. KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Dial-a-bus KW - Door to door service KW - Implementation KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Neighborhoods KW - Ohio KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Services KW - Systems management KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158146 AU - Hullender, D A AU - Bartley, T M AU - KRISHNA, M B AU - University of Texas, Arlington TI - ANALYTICAL MODELS FOR GUIDEWAY SURFACE IRREGULARITIES AND TERRAIN SMOOTHING PY - 1976/01 SP - 68 p. AB - The report relates to the analytical modeling of guideway irregularities. A design criteria for determining the degree of leveling and filling of the natural terrain in order to achieve a particular PSD specification is formulated and presented. An analytical model for the PSD of short wavelength surface roughness type irregularities is derived and interpreted in terms of familiar roughness measurement techniques. The procedure for relating a PSD design specification to an equivalent California profile index is presented in addition to the procedure for interpreting measuremetns of guideway profile deviations from a straight edge. Examples are presented demonstrating typical applications of the resutls. Numerical simulations incorporating random numbers for formulating typical guideway profiles are used to verify the analytical model. Excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical results are demonstrated. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Earthwork KW - Guideways KW - Leveling KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Numerical analysis KW - Texture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01593522 AU - DIAMANT, E S AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Light Rail Transit: State of the Art Review PY - 1976///Final Report SP - 80p AB - Operational experience in cities of Western Europe and North America suggests that light rail is a viable transit alternative for U.S. cities as well. This state-of-the-art review seeks to establish a common level of understanding of light rail transit among planners, community leaders and decision makers. Contemporary planning concepts of light rail are reviewed and a description is provided of guideways, stations, hardware, operations and costs. The report examines the developmental trends of the last two decades which caused the renaissance of light rail in some western countries. The review focuses on the range of transit services offered by light rail, the utilization of a range of right-of-way opportunities along its routes, the lower investments and the potential for staged deployment associated with this mode. KW - Costs KW - Guideways KW - Light rail transit KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Rail transit stations KW - Right of way (Land) KW - State of the art KW - Transit services UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56458/lightrailtransi5000esdi_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1396440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01125639 AU - National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation AU - Maryland Department of Transportation AU - District of Columbia Department of Transportation AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments TI - Transportation systems management element for the Washington metropolitan area PY - 1976 SP - ii, 178 p. in various pagings KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/886589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070620 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - South Quincy area transit station and related highway and parking facilities : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830005 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070619 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Bus storage and maintenance facility, Bloomington : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Minnesota UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070618 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 5th and 6th Aves Transit Mall construction, Burnside to Madison St, Portland : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Oregon UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070617 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Bicentennial transportation program construction : environmental impact statement PY - 1976///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830002 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00932215 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ACT OF 1964 AND RELATED LAWS PY - 1976 SP - 131 p. AB - The document contains the statutes authorizing and governing the Federal urban mass transportation program and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), as well as other statutory material relevant to mass transportation and government operations generally. It is designed as a guidebook for UMTA staff as well as UMTA grantees and interested members of the general public. Part I contains the basic authorization statute as well as related material from the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970 and the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974. Part II sets out the Federal-aid highway laws which are relevant to the UMTA program. Part III contains an extensive selection of statutory materials which are relevant to both the substantive aspects of UMTA programs and the administrative operations of the agency. KW - Federal aid highways KW - Guidelines KW - Laws and legislation KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/724391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329024 AU - National League of Cities AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AND THE CITIES PY - 1976 SP - 83 p. AB - The purposes of the seminar were two: first, to evaluate how far conclusions and recommendations adopted by the first seminar have been accepted by governments and implemented in practice and, in doing so, to learn what lessons have been learned; second, to provide opportunities for further intergovernmental exchange of information and experience related to comprehensive approaches to planning and to management of urban transportation. The seminar dealt with the following specific topics: (1) the changing role of transportation; (2) urban transportation, policies, and objectives; (3) institutional competence, legislation, financial, and other socioeconomic measures to guide transportation developments; (4) community relations and citizen involvement in urban transportation planning and programming; (5) planning measures to promote a balance among traffic and transportation modes with special regard for the human scale; and (6) urban transportation research policies, planning, and assessment of technology. KW - Automobiles KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Government policies KW - Institutional issues KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Meetings KW - Mobility KW - Pedestrians KW - Policy KW - Public participation KW - Quality of life KW - Social values KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162886 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138448 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roos, Daniel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES NEEDED TO FOSTER THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARATRANSIT PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 105-113 AB - The institutions that affect the provision of paratransit service are examined (from 4 viewpoints: planning, funding allocation, regulation, and operations), shortcomings and conflicts with existing institutional arrangements are analyzed, and changes to overcome existing problems are proposed. The paratransit sector suffers from fragmentation; operations are small, with limited capital and management expertise. Few organized groups of operators exist, and no organized constituencies or lobbies have developed. Regulations that are outdated, conflicting, and inconsistent must be updated. The regulatory, funding allocation and planning functions should be closely coupled but separated from operational functions. Paratransit provides the opportunity both to increase available options with respect to the service that is provided and to allow more of a free market situation to develop. With new and improved institutional and regulatory frameworks, the mix of service can be successfully integrated, at one level by interfacing paratransit services with each other and at a higher level by interfacing paratransit with conventional fixed-route transit in a complementary manner. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Change KW - Fixed routes KW - Fund allocations KW - Institutions KW - Operations KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46398 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138451 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, Jay A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LABOR IMPLICATIONS FOR PARATRANSIT SERVICE PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 127-136 AB - Labor arrangements unique to transit are discussed, collective bargaining which is influenced by industry characteristics is reviewed, section 13c of the Urban Mass Transportation Act is examined, and the need is indicated for a consistent labor policy and an organizational structure designed to effectively deal with labor issues. The hourly wage rate, hours of work and working conditions in mass transit are briefly discussed. Labor questions are crucial for dial-a-ride and subscription services. Some work and operating rules in paratransit are outlined. Then there are several transit firms in an area, bargaining is on a company-by-company basis. The management organization for bargaining is similar for both private and public systems. When a transit system becomes publicly owned, its collective bargaining is no longer under the jursidiction of general federal labor legislation. The provisions of section 13c of the Mass Transportation Act are discussed. The point is made that the 2 goals of primary importance to any transit of paratransit labor policy are the distribution of income on some equitable basis and the preservation of free collective bargaining. A discussion of labor policy focuses on 3 issues: fare regulations and operational deficit funding; work rules and system efficiency; and technological changes and employment. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Collective bargaining KW - Employment KW - Fares KW - Fund allocations KW - Hours of labor KW - Income KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Salaries KW - Subscription bus service KW - Technology KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46401 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138452 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Saltzman, Arthur AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF PARATRANSIT IN RURAL TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 137-142 AB - Rural travel characteristics are briefly discussed and comments are made on the growth of public transportation in such areas. The economic efficiency and consolidation of resources related to rural transportation are described. The need for effective managers with entrepreneurial skills is indicated, and the question of whether to focus on special services for subgroups of the population or to provide a variety of services for the general public is considered. Small, person personalized systems providing door-to-door service were first developed in rural areas by community action agencies. Although the cost per passenger trip is high (very long trips are being serviced; and the average load factors are more than 65 percent) for rural transit, 2 important factors indicate that these systems are being operated at reasonable cost and are quite efficient. The greatest impact on transportation in rural areas will come from finding ways to more efficiently use equipment and labor that various agencies currently use to provide paratransit services. Regulations that do not allow flexibility in the use of currently available transportation funds must be changed. The need is indicated for an academic option at universities that would train students in planning and managing specialized transportation services. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Door to door service KW - Economics KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transit KW - Public transit KW - Regulation KW - Rural areas KW - Service KW - Special purpose KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46402 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138465 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pignataro, Louis J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF PARATRANSIT IN SERVING THE NEEDS OF SPECIAL GROUPS--WORKSHOP 6 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 214-218 AB - Seven issues are discussed which were covered by the workshop which sought to identify the mobility needs of the special groups, determine the advantages and disadvantages of various paratransit options in meeting those needs, the barriers to the implementation of promising options, and the mechanisms and strategies for overcoming those barriers. The question of whether the emphasis in serving special groups should be on modifying existing services or in providing special services, is discussed in relation to each of the groups (and subgroups) of the transportation disadvantaged. Car pools and vanpools are indicated for the poor and the handicapped. Recommendations for the most feasible operators of the various types of special and general paratransit forms are tabulated. Other issues covered here include the following: the subsidizing of such services or the users of the services; certification of eligibility of individual users; the structure of demonstration projects; the synthesis of information from such demonstration projects; and the role of federal, state, and local government. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Aged KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Federal government KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Low income groups KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Recommendations KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - United States KW - Vanpools KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46415 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138466 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Roos, Daniel AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONFERENCE SUMMARY PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 219-222 AB - Salient points discussed at the conference are noted, critical issues are examined and future directions of paratransit are considered. Implementation problems associated with labor, insurance and regulations (particularly the last) were much discussed, and it is noted that regulations that are outdated, conflicting and inconsistent should be updated. The need is also noted for adequate education and information transfer at several levels including transfer at the microlevel. The question of how to ensure that paratransit alternatives will be given consideration in the planning and resource allocation process is considered, and it is suggested that UMTA and other federal agencies should be more involved in the planning process. The transportation system management element can be an effective mechanism to ensure that urban areas consider paratransit alternatives, regulatory issues, and alternative providers of transportation. The issue of using private operators to implement new paratransit services is considered and the primary responsibility for coordination of transportation is discussed. The development of an integrated system using both conventional and paratransit services, and the federal role in such services are also discussed. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Federal government KW - Future policies KW - Implementation KW - Information dissemination KW - Insurance KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Resource allocation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46416 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138444 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Povlitz, Thomas AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OVERCOMING INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS IN SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 63-69 AB - The Delaware Authority for Specialized Transportation's (DAST) mission is defined and some of the problems encountered by DAST are identified and discussed. Attention is focussed on the enabling legislation that created the authority, planning requirements, funding and budget development, liaison with other transportation providers and administrative agencies, labor and grant problems, and equipment availability. The transition between the Delaware Interagency Motor Service Inc. (DAST's predecessor) and DAST occurred smoothly. DAST is exempted from state taxes but not from federal liabilities. A formal mechanism was initiated so that DAST could apply for capital and operating assistance grants and also be certain the legislative mandate against competition with other private or public providers is fulfilled. The meeting of planned requirements at the state and federal level is discussed. Funding problems are discussed and the suggestion is made that existing and planned transit services should explore funding potentials of the health and social service programs within their service areas along with the traditional UMTA and state and local services. DAST not only is a service provider but a mandated transportation broker and coordinator. DAST will seek the most cost-effective method of meeting the specialized transportation needs of the transportation disadvantaged. DAST is a nonunion transportation property, but its bus drivers are unionized represented by the Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU). The implications of section 13C of the National Mass Transportation Act of 1974 which requires labor protection assurances are also discussed. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Bus drivers KW - Competition KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Equipment KW - Fund allocations KW - Grant aid KW - Institutions KW - Labor unions KW - Laws KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Special service KW - Taxation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46394 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138455 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reichart, Barbara K AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NONURBANIZED PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 157-162 AB - A selected number of demonstration projects are described which were identified for funding by the Federal Highway Administration and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. This study of 45 projects which were designed to demonstrate how the mobility of nonurbanized residents may be improved, provides information that will be useful to both federal and state governments in framing future policies and programs to meet the public transportation needs of rural areas. The projects represent a wide variety of schemes ranging from fixed-route, scheduled general services to an assortment of demand-responsive van operations and an institutionalized volunteer transportation concept. The New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Oklahoma, North Dakota, California, and Oregon projects reviewed here, indicate that the question of the provider of the service depends on many local conditions and experiences. The importance of the state's role as coordinator is emphasized. Localities must explore all existing transportation resources particularly because federal assistance programs will be service oriented and will emphasize improvement of services to meet the needs. Comments are made related to the planning required to develop service-oriented approaches. Comments are also made on the nature of the financing. The studies show that paratransit because of its ability to adapt to various needs, will contribute significantly to the effort to provide public transportation in rural and nonurbanized areas. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal government KW - Federal highway administrator KW - Financing KW - Fixed routes KW - Fund allocations KW - Improvements KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - State government KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Welfare UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46405 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138462 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shiatte, Kenneth W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES NEEDED TO FOSTER THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARATRANSIT--WORKSHOP 3 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 201-205 AB - The workshop which sought to examine the roles of organizations responsible for the planning, funding, implementation, operation and coordination of various paratransit and transit services, described the type and impact of regulation on the provision of paratransit service, as well as institutional and legal changes. Labor arrangements for different paratransit services were examined, and the current and potential roles of private paratransit providers were reviewed. A first step in assisting new services would be to get adequate representation for paratransit operators in metropolitan planning organizations (MPO). Possible actions in the field of regulations are listed, and suggestions are made regarding insurance of paratransit vehicles. Courses of action are also suggested regarding the initiation of new paratransit services, and the UMTA section 16b2 program for providing capital funds for selected private non-profit transportation projects. Guidelines are presented for coordinating transit and paratransit. Other issues covered include: ombudsman for paratransit operators; the substitution of paratransit operations in low-volume routes; the redirection of public policy; fares; and integration with urban transportation services. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital KW - Change KW - Coordination KW - Fares KW - Fund allocations KW - Guidelines KW - Implementation KW - Institutions KW - Insurance KW - Laws KW - Operations KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Private transportation KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicles KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46412 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138461 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Burco, Robert A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EFFECT OF GOVERNMENTAL CAPITAL AND OPERATING ASSISTANCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARATRANSIT--WORKSHOP 2 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 197-200 AB - The workshop discussion focussed on how federal money will be spent on paratransit in the next few years, particularly UMTA money, and how the precedents established by the expenditure of these funds will shape the future development of this field of transportation. The workshop noted that where new services are being created (particularly demonstrations), potential conflicts can be reduced by dealing directly with uncertainities. User-side subsidies for approved paratransit and transit seem least likely to adversely impact labor and private operators and most likely to benefit target groups with specific unidentified transportation needs. The workshop also found that mechanisms of cooperation that render the greatest efficiencies of all available resources are to be preferred to the creation of numerous isolated projects that have separate client groups and paratransit equipment. Emphasis on services rather than suppliers ought to foster the fuller use of private sector resources, existing transit systems, and centralized paratransit systems for specialized client needs. Areas for further study as well as recommendations made by the workshop are listed. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital KW - Equipment KW - Expenditures KW - Federal aid KW - Needs assessment KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Private enterprise KW - Private transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Subsidies KW - User needs KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46411 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138463 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Saltzman, Arthur AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT IN SMALL COMMUNITIES AND NONURBANIZED AREAS--WORKSHOP 4 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 206-209 AB - The findings and recommendations are presented of the workshop which sought to identify paratransit services that can be used in small communities which do not generally have planning staffs and often do not have regular access to planning information, and ways that these services can be implemented. The workshop also considered the development of regulations, and the roles of federal and state governments. The workshop found that paratransit services are appropriate for serving the transportation disadvantaged, but identified problems stemming from the low trip density of rural areas, lack of coordination in service, management and financing, legal and contractual barriers, and poor management. A major need exists for specific information on performance characteristics of paratransit systems. This information should include operating costs, productivity levels, fare structures, methods for estimating demand and procedures for project evaluation. The recommendations presented here relate to the need for a national advisory committee, operating subsudies, implementation of the nonurbanized area program, incremental implementation, planning, coordination, role of the states, and the collection and dissemination of information. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Coordination KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Laws KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - State government KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - United States KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46413 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138440 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gallagher, Richard V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TAXICABS IN MULTIMODE PARATRANSIT OPERATIONS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 31-34 AB - The history of taxicab operations in the paratransit mode is briefly reviewed, and comments are made with regard to its future. The statistics for taxicab operations (the number and types of vehicles, and employee level) are noted. The major concern of the industry at the present time, are maintaining and expanding ridership, controlling costs, diversifying operations, and integrating services with other modes. To provide an equitable arrangement in public transportation, the industry advocates the following: subsidze the rider; enter into contractual arrangements for public transportation with private companies which are the most cost efficient; and provide direct subsidies for captial improvements and operations to private companies that are currently providing services below replacement and operating costs of a new system. Areas for future research are: ridership characteristics; liability insurance rates and alternatives such as self insurance; the termination of demonstration projects; comparative studies of various transportation modes, and measures of productivity. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Improvements KW - Insurance KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Liability insurance KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46390 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138442 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fielding, G J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT: AN OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 45-54 AB - A propositional inventory is presented pertaining to definitions, cost, automation, and attitudes of transit managers, unions and taxicab companies. The proposition is considered that demand responsive transportation (DRT) will obtain an increasing share of the transportation market as public officials respond to the transit demands of multinucleated metropolitan areas. The cost of DRT and fixed-route transportation (FRT), the benefits of zonal increments, and the recommendation for critical path method of incremental development (with regard to equipment) are discussed. The demand for DRT is restricted by the inability of operators to supply an acceptable level of service. Automated scheduling and information processing can increase efficienty; a fully integrated DRT cannot be achieved without automation. Integrated DRT systems which link flexible-route and fixed-route transit are considered and it is pointed out that it is a mix of systems acting cooperatively, and not necessarily under single ownership, that adapts to demand. Computer systems are needed for the control and management of an integrated DRT system, but they lead to unforseeable complexities. It is noted that institutional attitudes rather than technical problems restrain expansion of DRT, and that taxi companies should be more actively involved as operators if integrated DRT is to expand. The successful projects in Ann Arbor, Michigan, Rochester, New York, the stalled program in Orange County, California, and the unsuccessful experiment in Santa Clara county are considered as illustrations. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Automation KW - Computers KW - Costs KW - Definitions KW - Demand KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Paratransit services KW - Scheduling KW - Taylors stability numbers KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138457 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Glassman, Marvin A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPERATIONAL ISSUES FOR PARATRANSIT: OPERATOR'S PERSPECTIVE PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 166-173 AB - This review of the activity of a taxicab operator in the paratransit field, discusses labor, vehicle selection and maintenance, control and dispatching issues. Comments are made on the overall management structure, marketing and promotion, and paratransit services. Vehicle productivity and cost of operations are also discussed. The ability to recruit and maintain a sufficient force of taxicab drivers is the key to the success of a taxicab operation. Experimentation with vehicles not normally used in service (van configurations and diesel-powered standard stock cars) has been underway, but no ideal vehicle to meet paratransit needs has been developed. Dispatching practices and vehicle control are integrally related in taxi industry. In the specific operation described here, a system of geographical separation of channels in mobile 2-way radio communication was used to obtain maximum productivity. Several computerized and automated radio communication systems are available. The lack of middle management positions is seen as a serious problem, and the need is indicated for the expansion of marketing and promotion efforts. Vehicle productivity is noted to improve upon diversification of operations into other modes of transportation. A new format on industry expenses which will generate economic and statistical information hitherto unobtainable, is outlined. In this new format, fuel costs, insurance, vehicles, parts and service are adjusted upward on a weekly basis. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Communication KW - Control KW - Dispatching KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Productivity KW - Selecting KW - Taxicabs KW - Two way communication KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46407 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138459 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Crain, John L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF PARATRANSIT IN SERVING THE NEEDS OF SPECIAL GROUPS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 183-190 AB - Four transit-dependent groups, the elderly, the handicapped, the youth, and the poor, are discussed in terms of definitions and subgroups, and UMTA projects directed toward resolution of some of their problems are outlined. Confusion is noted as to whether the need is for a single system to handle all travelers including the handicapped, a 2-tier system (a basic system and a special paratransit operation for the handicapped) or 3-tier system (includes a special system for the wheelchair handicapped). Problems are discussed of organization, UMTA legislation, certification of those eligible to use the second and third tiers of paratransit, and the application of the labor protection clause of the act to UMTA grants for services for special groups. Key ongoing projects in the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program, are those in Chicago, Danville, Cleveland, Portland and Albuquerque. Solutions to the problems of transportation for the transit dependent include the following: modification of buses and rapid transit stations to accommodate the handicapped; demand-responsive of dial-a-ride systems; organizational approaches (charter services, operations contracted to social agencies, etc.); financial approaches which organize a continuing flow of funds (e.g. the Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transit District System in the San Francisco area). U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Certification KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Labor law KW - Labor unions KW - Low income groups KW - Needs assessment KW - Organization KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation KW - Wheelchairs KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46409 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138449 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wolfington, Vincent A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REGULATIONS AND PARATRANSIT PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 114-119 AB - This discussion of the regulations that affect paratransit applications, focuses on institutional changes necessary to foster the development of paratransit and outlines a specific approach for accomplishing those changes. The profile of the regulatory framework is reviewed from the point of view of rationale and justification for regulation and the determination of who is to be regulated. The profile chart of the regulatory framework including regulators and their characteristics and areas subject to regulation is also reviewed. An outline of the regulatory framework in relation to paratransit modes and the provision or lack of provision of adequate treatment under the existing regulatory framework for such modes identifies and discusses certain practical problems. The principal areas that require further review are the jurisdictional matters, the areas that are subject to regulation, and the degree of enforcement of such regulations. Recommendations are presented with regard to the options available to facilitate the development of paratransit. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Enforcement KW - Governments KW - Institutions KW - Jurisdiction KW - Mode S KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46399 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138450 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Samuels, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRIVATE CARRIERS AND URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 120-126 AB - This paper considers the current role of private carriers, discusses the issues facing private carriers, and makes recommendations with regard to research in this area. Variations in the kind of service provided by private carriers turn largely on the degree of privacy desired by the passenger first hiring the vehicle, the capacity of the vehicle, and the control over the points of origin and destination of the trip and the route travelled. The spectrum of vehicles employed are listed, and the characteristics of prospective passengers are briefly described. The financial potential of demand-responsive transportation is considered and the regulation of such transportation is discussed. Many improvements in practice would have been implemented if they were not inhibited by local regulations, some of which may also inhibit the development of paratransit. The industry is faced with cost increases that result from legislative acts that go beyond the ability of the industry to recoup by greater fares. This creates financial problems that must be met by subsidy. Relation between operators and the federal government is discussed. A major area of research is in the area of implications and problems underlying the exposure of all public carriers to liability arising from the operation of the various vehicles employed in paratransit. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Federal government KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services KW - Passengers KW - Private transportation KW - Public service vehicles KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Subsidies KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle capacity KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46400 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138439 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stokes, B R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT: SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS FROM THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 27-30 AB - General comments are made on the transit situation in the last decade, the current situation is examined, and recommendations are presented. It is emphasized that paratransit applications must be promoted in full coordination and cooperation with the transit operators in an area, and the aim must be to complement the services offered by bus and rail facilities. This type of coordination is exemplified in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, where the Transit Commission operates express and local buses as well as promotes car pools and van pools. It is also desirable to coordinate all financial programs to achieve common objectives. Attention must also be directed toward equipment. Comment is made regarding labor problems and section 13c of the Urban Mass Transportation Act. Much work needs to be done concerning licensing and regulating paratransit. The relaxation of regulations should not be extended to the point of jeopardizing the safety of passengers, or of permitting the return of illegal jitneys. Potential paratransit applications must be submitted to the same rigorous cost and social-effectiveness examinations that UMTA is applying in the field of conventional transit. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Equipment KW - Financing KW - Jitneys KW - Licenses KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Passengers KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Recommendations KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46389 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138446 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kullman, Brian C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETS AND ROLES FOR PARATRANSIT SERVICES IN AN INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 81-88 AB - This paper which seeks to define appropriate areas of integration of all forms of conventional paratransit services by comparing and contrasting conventional and paratransit markets and service characteristics, discusses the urban transportation market and the nature of both conventional and paratransit service options, comments on the basic services provided by these forms of transport, and presents potentially beneficial integration concepts. The characterization of the urban transport market presented here highlights those aspects that affect roles of the conventional transit and paratransit services with respect to each other and the automobile. These aspects include origin-destination patterns, regularity of trip making, congestion, and auxiliary transport of goods. The characteristics are listed of environments in which paratransit and conventional transit perform well. Whether the potential benefits of service integration concepts presented will be realized, will depend on the ability of transportation planners to identify and analyze the potential innovations. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automobiles KW - Comparative analysis KW - Congestion KW - Freight transportation KW - Innovation KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Markets KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Trip KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138453 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Misner, Joseph AU - Waksman, Robert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SERVICE AND COST CHARACTERISTICS OF SMALL-COMMUNITY TRANSIT: A TENTATIVE OVERVIEW OF OPERATIONAL RESULTS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 143-153 AB - Thirteen small-community transit systems were studied in an effort to describe and interpret local transit projects to enhance transferability of the lessons learned for other localities considering the initiation of similar service. The case studies illustrate not only a range of service options and results, but also a variety of community settings, service objectives, financing mechanisms, and political environments. The range of goals that may motivate the initiation of transit service in a small community and the service characteristics that can usually be achieved are discussed and it is noted that the role of transit in small communities is different from that in large urban areas. A particular target group is the youth market. The factors that determine operating cost and those that are subject to management and control are reviewed, and fare structures, fare collection procedures, subsidy levels, and the relation between ridership and revenue collection are examined. Several tentative conclusions based on the case studies are listed and it is emphasized that all results related to ridership, revenue and productivities, are subject to different influences in each particular setting (much more than in a larger urban area). Costs are greatly affected by the entrepreneurial skills of the operator, and ridership is influenced by the ability to get both the employees and the residents personnally involve in the system's success. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Case studies KW - Fare collection KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Politics KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Service KW - Small cities KW - Strategic planning KW - Subsidies KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46403 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138464 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reading, James E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPERATION ISSUES FOR PARATRANSIT: PRODUCTIVITY, VEHICLES, DISPATCHING, MANAGEMENT--WORKSHOP 5 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 210-213 AB - This effort to examine the existing and new ways of provision of paratransit service, particularly the coordination of complementary services to improve the overall levels of service and productivity, outlined 3 major areas (costs, financial considerations, and problem resolution), and amplified 2 major areas: cost reductions (vehicles, labor, organizational structure) and increased productivity. Recommendations are presented related to the following issues: reporting costs and operating statistics; dissemination of information to taxi operators and paratransit organizations; consumer information system; personnel training programs; and ways of reducing costs and increasing productivity. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Dispatching KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Financing KW - Information dissemination KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Organization KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Productivity KW - Public service vehicles KW - Recommendations KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Statistics KW - Taxicabs KW - Training KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46414 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138441 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kirby, Ronald F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT: A STATE-OF-THE ART OVERVIEW PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 37-44 AB - Various paratransit forms are grouped according to their major service characteristics (vehicles which are hired or rented on short-term basis; vehicles which are called or hailed; and vehicles in which ride sharing is pre-arranged, such as carpools etc.), and examples of exisiting paratransit services are presented to illustrate the potential of these forms of transport for meeting urban travel needs. The main obstacles to widespread adoption of paratransit are also identified. Paratransit services can be provided by private individuals, volunteer drivers, private operators, and by public of private operators of conventional transit services. The role of paratransit in urban transportation systems is greatly influenced by state and local public service commission regulations. Regulations often severely limit the kinds of services the existing services could offer. Regulation of fare levels has also encountered problems. UMTA's encouragement of the use of federal subsidy funds for paratransit is discussed, as well as the availability of public funds for research and development projects. Questions are considered which have been raised by attempts to expand paratransit services in the following areas: the high density house-to-work travel, low density travel demand, access trips to line-haul transit, and travel within business and commercial areas. Suggestions are made for the resolution of problems relating to the implementation of paratransit in U.S. cities. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Access KW - Development KW - Federal government KW - Feeder services KW - Implementation KW - Line haul KW - Line haul transport KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Sharing KW - State of the art studies KW - Subsidies KW - Suppliers KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46391 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138443 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pratsch, Lew AU - Transportation Research Board TI - KNOXVILLE AND PORTLAND: TWO SUCCESSFUL COMMUTER POOLING PROGRAMS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 55-62 AB - The operational characteristics are examined of programs involving car pools, van pools and express bus services, and the findings are generalized to make them applicable to a number of U.S. urban areas. An innovative concept implemented in Knoxville is that of the urban transportation broker. This broker unites buyers and sellers, as well as has the goal of providing a level of service acceptable to the commuter at an unsubsidized fare the commuter will accept. Details are also briefly described of the express bus system, the van pooling venture at the Tennessee Valley Authority, and commuter ride-sharing programs in Knoxville. The major conclusions are listed of an extensive analysis of the commuting needs of Knoxville workers in which their use of public transportation and the economics of alternative forms of transport were examined. Portland's carpool program which consists of 3 phases (employer-based programs, general public promotion and matching, and incentives) is outlined. Issues centering on legality have suppressed the potential of pooling programs. Until social and legal institutions are altered, traffic can be accommodated by 2 methods: construct new facilities and increase vehicle occupancy. The latter approach offers the best return on investment and excellent door-to-door service. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Door to door service KW - Express buses KW - Incentives KW - Knoxville, Tennessee, USA KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Portland, Oregon, USA KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46393 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138458 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilson, Nigel H M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF PARATRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 174-182 AB - This resource paper which summarizes the current state of development of coordination and control procedures and raises issues relating to future developments, has as its basic premise, the concept that paratransit services should be designed to complement one another as well as other transportation services. The more significant technological developments are reviewed and issues relevant to their evaluation are raised. The principal areas in which work has reached the point of implementation are computer control and communication. The potential of automatic vehicle location systems is also reviewed. The coordination of paratransit services is viewed at 2 levels: the coordination problem for a single operator; coordination among several operators. Fully coordinated service implies optimization of the total trip with an explicit attempt to minimize transfer times. The best approach to coordination among different operators is to create a nonoperating authority with regulatory control over all the operating agencies. In the area of cost effectiveness and vehicle productivity, the principal avenues for effort are in improved control and evolution of service concepts. The control issues are the range of systems providing efficient combinations of service quality and productivity, and the extent to which they can take advantage of the economies of scale conceptually feasible by attracting the sizeable support of the public. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Communications KW - Control KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Future concepts KW - Information processing KW - Innovation KW - Location KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Regulations KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology KW - Transfers KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46408 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138460 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ward, Jerry AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ROLE OF PARATRANSIT IN AN INTEGRATED URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM--WORKSHOP 1 PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 193-196 AB - The principal conclusions and observations are listed of the workshop which addressed the potential for improved service through cooperative and coordinated operation of paratransit elements and conventional transit. The workshop sought to ascertain the opportunities for and potential roadblocks to such integrated systems, and to identify mechanisms and strategies needed to bring the systems into operation. The workshop identified the spectrum of urban transportation markets and needs and determined the kinds of paratransit or conventional transit service best suited to them. The potential synergisms between and among the different kinds of transit services are discussed, and problems and solutions in the planning and implementation of all transit services are identified. Some of the conclusions listed here relate to: the ideal mix of the various paratransit and conventional transit; the unimodal approach; transportation for the transit-dependent; integrated systems; ridership densities; organization and organizational criteria; planning; the need for information; and the need for reliable forecasts of total equipment needs. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital KW - Equipment KW - Federal aid KW - Forecasting KW - Implementation KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Labor unions KW - Markets KW - Operations KW - Organization KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46410 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138445 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mundy, Ray A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTEGRATION OF PARATRANSIT AND CONVENTIONAL TRANSIT: PROBLEMS AND POSITIVE DIRECTIONS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 73-80 AB - This discussion of the problems underlying the integration of conventional and paratransit alternatives in urban areas notes that legislation and the current regulatory framework severely constrain innovation, and points out the folly of expansion of the conventional peak-time transit fleet by traditional methods. A change from the homogeneous origin-destination type to a heterogeneous market-oriented process is encouraged, and a restructuring of the urban public transportation system is advocated. Policy decision-making must seek to change conventional private transit systems to meet consumer demands for mobility. The integration with paratransit alternatives provides the only possibility for attracting sufficient ridership to public transportation to permit the achievement of desired urban transportation goals. The organization (transit management, transit officials, private suppliers, and transit users) of the conventional systems and the federal role in such systems are discussed, and comments are made. The organization for regional public transportation is reviewed, and figures are used to illustrate the traditional planning process, the target market approach to urban transportation, the organization of metropolitan regional transportation authority, and the product and functional orientation of regional transportation authority. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46395 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138447 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Altshuler, Alan AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND PARATRANSIT PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 89-104 AB - This exploratory effort to identify several federal policy issues and to review significant experience, discusses the issue of taxi-transit competition, the legal aspects of "transit", and the integration of taxicabs into transit planning and subsidy policy. Issues raised by paratransit innovations are considered, and the application of section 13c is discussed. The questions are discussed about the precise boundary between private and mass transportation, about how to integrate taxis into transit planning, about the eligibility of shared-ride taxi service for transit subsidies, and about public policy with respect to the fair treatment of private companies harmed by publicly subsidized competition. Paratransit poses significant issues of potential competition with conventional transit, particularly with respect to van-pool and special services. Paratransit also poses issues in the area of labor protection (section 13c). U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Competition KW - Federal government KW - Innovation KW - Legal factors KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Private transportation KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Sharing KW - Special purpose KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - United States KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138454 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gurin, Douglas B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT IN SMALL COMMUNITIES AND NONURBANIZED AREAS PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 154-156 AB - This overview which focuses on the interrelation of Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) polices that promote paratransit and that foster mobility improvements in small towns and rural areas, contrasts various federal programs with one another and with nonfederal efforts. Federal guidelines that are currently being formulated for a new small-town assistance program are introduced. Legislation is being considered to permit UMTA to provide operating assistance in nonurbanized areas having fewer than 50,000 residents. Precedents for waiving costly labor protection agreements have been established, especially those pertaining to paratransit programs involving nonprofit organizations. The proposed guidelines for UMTA'S small-community program, relate to funds, the apportionment of resources, the administration of the funds, the availability of capital funds, and the requirements for eligibility. Questions that arose during the development of the preliminary guidelines are listed. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Grant aid KW - Guidelines KW - Labor law KW - Laws KW - Paratransit services KW - Resource allocation KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46404 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138456 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morgan, Philip H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE VEHICLES FOR PARATRANSIT: A DESCRIPTION OF THE GOVERNMENT ROLE PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 163-165 AB - These comments on the modification of existing vehicles and the development of new vehicles, suggests that the most productive role of government in realizing a new vehicle for paratransit service may be achieved through support of design, development, testing and demonstration of vehicles whose concepts are derived from valid vehicle requirements. These requirements must reflect understanding of the service application characteristics for the time period in the future when the vehicle is to be in production and operating in service. A paratransit service vehicle requires an optimum mix of vehicle characteristics. The development was authorized by congress of a small, urban, low-pollution, fuel-efficient paratransit vehicle with the specification that wheelchair passengers be able to board, alight and secure themselves without assistance when using these vehicles. If vehicle capabilities are unavailable in present vehicles, and are not derivable from them, a new vehicle development program will be considered by UMTA. A design competition involving 3 or more contractors is suggested. The importance is emphasized of maintaining, exercising and responding to coordination activities with manufacturers, operators and service users. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Federal government KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Manufacturing KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Paratransit services KW - Public service vehicles KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46406 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00145544 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN FOR A NATIONAL URBAN TRANSPORTATION REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1976 SP - 90 p. AB - The report analyzes the contents and uses of a National Urban Transportation Reporting System. The study was performed to assist UMTA in the implementation of Section 15 of the National Mass Transportation Act of 1974. A review of Penn DOT transit reporting system, its implementation and results are presented. A recommended set of data items and indicators is defined and analyzed. Another section of the report contains detailed information on a subgroup of the data items and indicators felt to provide a minimal yet comprehensive base for comparison of transit agencies. KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Data systems KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Highways KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Parking facilities KW - Pennsylvania KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Services KW - State departments of transportation KW - Statistics KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/63155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00159902 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT: THE COMING OF AGE OF A TRANSPORTATION CONCEPT PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - pp 21-26 AB - A rationale for paratransit is presented, the nature of federal support and the justification for federal presence in any new project is discussed, the future of paratransit is considered, and comments are made on implementation, and on the rule of private operators. The rationale for paratransit rests on the need to alleviate the problem of the carless, and the responsibility for fuel conservation. It also offers promise of an excellent level of service in low-density areas. It is noted that providers of transportation services who wish to introduce new paratransit services and become eligible for federal support, must work with local officials so that the paratrsnsit services may become incorporated in the areawide transportation program. Examples of successful paratransit systems in El Cajon, California, and operation of a taxi system in Munich, Germany, and integrated transit - paratransit operations (Rochester, New York) are briefly described. Implementation aspects discussed here include the concept of the transit authority as the pruchaser of service, the role of the states, and the provision of community - level transportation. The need is indicated for local level work for regulatory reform that would allow private transportation resources to be effectively used. comment is also made on the implications of paratransit for organized labor. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Conservation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Energy KW - Federal aid KW - Implementation KW - Labor unions KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/54192 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00138438 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PARATRANSIT PY - 1976 IS - 164 SP - 232 p. AB - Twenty eight papers and workshop reports are published which were presented at the conference which addressed problems in the implementation and application of promising techniques within those major functional areas commonly thought to be relevant to paratransit application. The papers highlighted the following alternatives: increased use of high-occupancy modes such as car pools, subscription buses, and jitneys for high-density home-to-work travel, especially when used to supplement conventional transit in rush hours; increased paratransit feeder services designed to collect and distribute transit passengers in areas of low demand density, thereby improving the coverage and levels of service of both paratransit and public transit; well-regulated paratransit services, particularly taxis, demand-responsive buses, and jitneys used to serve short business and shopping trips within business and commercial districts; and increased use of a mix of paratransit services for low-density suburban and nonurbanized areas without conventional public transit. Workshops and their reports were structured around 6 major issues: the role of paratransit in an integrated urban transportation system; the effect of governmental capital and operating assistance on the development of paratransit; institutional changes needed to foster the development of paratransit; paratransit in small communities and nonurbanized areas; operation issues for paratransit: productivity, vehicles, dispatching and management; and the role of paratransit in serving the needs of special groups. Included in this publication are four state-of-the-art papers covering the spectrum of transportation options and services broadly categorized as paratransit, the development and organization of paratransit services and systems, and the empirical analyses of the operation of several innovative paratransit applications. U1 - Conference on ParatransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19751109 EndDate:19751112 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Business districts KW - Capital KW - Carpools KW - Commercial districts KW - Conferences KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Feeder services KW - Implementation KW - Institutions KW - Jitneys KW - Operations KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - State of the art studies KW - Subscription bus service KW - Suburbs KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/46388 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00166503 AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Washington, D.C. TI - I-90 HIGHWAY/TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES. PHASE II. DRAFT PY - 1975/12/10 SP - 142 p. AB - The report provides information on eight alternative means for travel in the I-90 corridor across Lake Washington. All alternatives are developed in the general context of the region's adopted 1990 Transportation Systems Plan. Included are guideway transit systems, bus transit improvements, and combinations of bus/highway improvements. Current federal laws and regulations regarding Interstate withdrawal and substitution are discussed. Other major areas reviewed are: (1) Land use and regional development; (2) transportation system performance; (3) economic and fiscal feasibility; (4) environmental impacts; and (5) social impacts. KW - Buses KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Highway transportation KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Lake Washington KW - Land use KW - Planning KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094142 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGN. A PRIMER ON URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT PY - 1975/12 SP - 264 p. AB - The study examines problems encountered in urban goods movement. The report is divided into 7 sections. Section I presents a discussion of urban goods related transportation as compared to the nation's total transportation. Section II provides estimates, of the characteristics and amounts of transportation currently used to move goods in our major cities. Section III presents estimates of the impact of this transportation on cities in terms of cost, congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, noise pollution and land use. Section IV focuses on each of these impacts as viewed by several identifiable interest groups in the community: commuters, consumers, goods haulers, shippers/receivers, etc. Section V presents an attempt to isolate fundamental causes of urban goods movement related problems and Section VI discusses nearly 100 possible solutions to them. Section VII presents several recommendations for further action. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy conservation KW - Estimates KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Land use KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Problem solving KW - Recommendations KW - Statistical analysis KW - Terminal facilities KW - Traffic congestion KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143202 AU - Lang, R P AU - Boeing Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT LONGITUDINAL CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1975/12 SP - 158 p. AB - Experience with the longitudinal control system used on each vehicle in the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit System has shown that nonlinearities and variations in control system parameters can significantly affect performance if such characteristics are not adequately considered in the system design. A design summary is provided that documents this experience and emphasizes the important analysis and hardware design problems encountered. The performance capability of the final design is computed on the basis of analysis and test results. A description of the detailed nonlinear analytical model developed is included for possible use in future studies. Potential system improvements are described that may be the objects of future research and development. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Braking KW - Electric drives KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Position fixing KW - Safety KW - Spacing KW - Speed control KW - Synchronism KW - Telecommunications KW - Traffic control KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094606 AU - Madigan, R J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM FISCAL YEAR 1975. YEAR END SUMMARY PY - 1975/12 SP - 85 p. AB - The Urban Rail Supporting Technology Program is described for the 1975 fiscal year period. Important areas include program management, technical support and applications engineering, facilities development, test and evaluation, and technology development. New projects were started in all important areas. Specific technical discussion includes: Technical Support and Applications Engineering, the Crashworthiness of Vehicles, Advanced Concept Train, and Rail Transit System Costs; Facilities Development, Permanent Track Power, Catenary, Wheel truing Machine, and Track Scale; Test and Evaluation, State-of-the-Art Car testing and Revenue Service Demonstration, the testing of existing Revenue Service Vehicles, testing on the UMTA RTTT (Energy Storage Car Gas-Turbine/Electric cars, Standard Light Rail Vehicle, Track Geometry Measurement System, and General Vehicle Test System); Technology Development, Noise Abatement, and Tunneling. KW - Advanced concept train KW - Crashworthiness KW - Development KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Gas turbines KW - High speed rail KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Test facilities KW - Track geometry KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30998 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137340 AU - Cantilli, E J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES FOR TERMINAL IMPROVEMENT PY - 1975/12 SP - 118 p. AB - The report describes the development of a resource-allocation model developed for the improvement of the internal environment of transport terminals. It incorporates considerations of comfort, cost, and patron opinion to allocate resources for maximum effect and efficiency. KW - Allocation models KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Comfort KW - Cost allocation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Resource allocation KW - Services KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133304 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - KAISER ENGINEERS TI - UNDERPLATFORM EXHAUST TESTS IN THE TORONTO SUBWAY PY - 1975/12 SP - 203 p. AB - The technical report has been prepared under the Transit Development Corporation (TDC) project 'Ventilation and Environmental Control in Subway Rapid Transit Systems.' The underplatform exhaust system is a subway environmental control feature designed to remove train generated heat within the confines of stations and thereby improve environmental conditions. To evaluate the performance of this system, a full-scale test facility was constructed in a station of the Toronto subway. This report describes the facility design and the experimental program. A presentation of test results and interpretations is included, leading to the development of a quantitative design versus performance relationship for use by subway environmental engineers. KW - Canada KW - Ducts KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Emission control systems KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Field tests KW - Flow KW - Flow rate KW - Heat KW - Passenger comfort KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Removal KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Test facilities KW - Toronto Transit Commission KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41457 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132993 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Ravenscroft, E I AU - Wilhelm, E B AU - BROWN, G M AU - Kim, C G AU - Munch, E P AU - Robinson, E S AU - Mitre Corporation TI - SERVICE, INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM COMPUTER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. VOLUME II: INVENTORY SYSTEM SN - MTR-6412 Rev. 1 PY - 1975/12 SP - 623 p. AB - The Service, Inventory and Maintenance System (SIMS) is a computer-based information system designed to assist urban transit systems in the management of their bus service, maintenance and inventory operations. SIMS comprises three interrelated program modules: The Service/Unit-Change, Repair Cost and Inventory Modules. This report describes the overall structure, inputs, reports, files and data processing functions of the SIMS Inventory system. Related reports are "Volume I: Service/Unit-Change System" and "Volume III: Repair Cost System." /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Classification KW - Filing systems KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance practices KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132992 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Ravenscroft, E I AU - Wilhelm, E B AU - BROWN, G M AU - Kim, C G AU - Munch, E P AU - Robinson, E S AU - Sumitomo Light Metals Industries Limited TI - SERVICE, INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM COMPUTER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. VOLUME III: REPAIR COST SYSTEM SN - MTR-6580 PY - 1975/12 SP - 238 p. AB - The Service, Inventory and Maintenance System (SIMS) is a computer-based information system designed to assist urban transit systems in the management of their bus service, maintenance and inventory operations. SIMS comprises three interrelated program modules: The Service/Unit- Change, Repair Cost and Inventory modules. This report describes the overall structure, inputs, reports, files and data processing functions of the SIMS Repair Cost system. /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Classification KW - Filing systems KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance practices KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132994 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Ravenscraft, E I AU - Wilhelm, E B AU - BROWN, G M AU - Kim, C G AU - Munch, E P AU - Robinson, E S AU - Mitre Corporation TI - SERVICE, INVENTORY AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM COMPUTER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION. VOLUME I: SERVICE/UNIT-CHANGE SYSTEM SN - MTR-6512 Rev.1 PY - 1975/12 SP - 571 p. AB - The Service, Inventory and Maintenance System (SIMS) is a computer-based information system designed to assist urban transit systems in the management of their bus service, maintenance and inventory operations. SIMS comprises three interrelated program modules: the Service/Unit-Change, Repair Cost and Inventory Modules. This report describes the overall structure, inputs, files and data processing functions of the SIMS Service/Unit-Change system. Related reports are "Volume II: Inventory System" and "Volume III: Repair Cost Systems." /UMTA/ KW - Bus transportation KW - Classification KW - Filing systems KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Inventory KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance practices KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Repair costs KW - Repairing KW - Service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165765 AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference TI - I-90 HIGHWAY/TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES PHASE II PY - 1975/12 SP - 142 p. AB - The purpose of this Phase II report is to provide information in a consistent, comparable format on a range of alternative means of providing for the travel demand in the I-90 corridor across Lake Washington. The Phase I report study of withdraw and substitution alternatives presented 47 mass transit projects for the Seattle/King County area which were eligible for federal-aid funding as substitutes for Interstate 90 across Lake Washington. This report presents eight alternatives; all alternatives are developed in the general context of the region's adopted 1990 Transportation Systems Plan. This means that nearly all data in this report is based upon forecasts of travel conditions in the year 1990. This report presents data on a range of alternatives for serving cross-lake travel, including guideway transit systems, bus transit improvements, and combinations of bus/highway improvements. Current federal laws and regulations regarding Interstate withdrawal and substitution are discussed so as to point out consequences of these laws and regulations for decisions on I-90. Other major areas reviewed are: 1) Land use and regional development; 2) Transportation system performance; 3) Economic and fiscal feasibility; 4) Environmental impacts; and 5) Social impacts. The PSCOG makes no recommendations in this report concerning a final solution of cross-lake travel questions. The data serves to inform and to facilitate dialogue concerning the alternatives so that a consensus among responsible local officials and the concerned public may ultimately be reached. /FHWA/ KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Comparative analysis KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guideways KW - Highway transportation KW - Inflection points KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Substitution KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00320404 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1975/11 AB - The paper describes UMTA-sponsored demonstration projects designed to improve travel time, coverage, and reliability of urban transit service vehicle productivity; and service to those dependent on transit, including the handicapped. It contains summary, and narrative review of program accomplishments, plans, and major program goals, and appendix descriptions of 17 individual projects with charts and tables on funding, operations, fares, and revenues, costs, passengers per hour or mile, and usually area and user demographic data. (TSC) KW - Administration KW - Costs KW - Demographics KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fares KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158627 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136981 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Developmental Sciences, Incorporated AU - Associated Engineers/A Joint Venture TI - DOUBLE TRACK POROSITY TESTING PY - 1975/11 SP - 35 p. AB - The Subway Environmental Research Project (SERP) was undertaken in order to provide the subway design engineer with a basic understanding of the effects of various design parameters on subway aerodynamics and thermodynamics (and hence on the subway environment). Such understanding permits subway design with an eye toward efficient environmental control. In Phase II of the SERP, a test matrix designed to study the effects of center wall porosity (in a dual-track tunnel) on train drag and far-field air velocity was performed in the DSI SAT-DT facility. Additional testing in the SAT-DT facility was proposed (and conducted) in an attempt to discover the center wall porosity at which system performance nears that of a single tunnel (i.e., solid center wall). The purpose of this report is to describe the results of this additional testing, and to relate these results to those obtained during the original program. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Double track KW - Drag KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental quality KW - Flow KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Fluid flow KW - Porosity KW - Pressure gages KW - Pressure sensors KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad trains KW - Resistance (Mechanics) KW - Structural design KW - Subway environment KW - Subways KW - Test facilities KW - Tests KW - Thermodynamics KW - Train resistance KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Walls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094146 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGN. APPENDIX H. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT PROBLEMS PY - 1975/11 SP - 155 p. AB - The Appendix presents the findings of the Phase II process of the study. Solutions to urban goods movement problems are grouped according to the fundamental or secondary cause of each problem. The solutions are grouped into the following sections: Fundamental causes of cost; secondary causes of cost; fundamental causes of congestion; secondary causes of congestion; fundamental causes of energy consumption; secondary causes of energy consumption; fundamental causes of air pollution; secondary causes of air pollution; fundamental causes of noise pollution; secondary causes of noise pollution; fundamental and secondary causes of inefficient land use; miscellaneous solutions. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Common carriers KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Labor KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Problem solving KW - Recommendations KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Traffic congestion KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094144 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGN. APPENDIX C. DISTRIBUTION LOGISTICS ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS PY - 1975/11 SP - 220 p. AB - The purpose of the Urban Goods Movement Demonstration Project Design study was to identify and test solutions to urban goods movement problems. In order to effectively accomplish this, it was first necessary to expand the existing knowledge and understanding of urban goods movement characteristics. One part of this effort was to break urban goods movement into logical parts, called 'segments,' and to analyze each segment's physical distribution process and the associated logistics of providing its goods or services to urbanized consumers. That analytical process, known as 'segment analysis,' is reported in this Appendix. KW - Analysis KW - Cargo transportation KW - Clothing KW - Common carriers KW - Cost estimating KW - Demonstration projects KW - Distribution systems KW - Drugs KW - Estimates KW - Food KW - Freight transportation KW - Gasoline KW - Handling and storage KW - Logistics KW - Physical distribution KW - Problem solving KW - Storage facilities KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094145 AU - Kearney (AT) and Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT DESIGN STUDY. APPENDIX D. CONGESTION ANALYSIS. APPENDIX E. ENERGY ANALYSIS. APPENDIX F. AIR POLLUTION ANALYSIS. APPENDIX G. NOISE ANALYSIS PY - 1975/11 SP - 203 p. AB - The report contains four technical appendices developed as part of Phase I and Phase II of the Urban Goods Movement Demonstration Project Design. In the first task phases of the study, the primary objectives were to define qualitatively and quantitatively the contribution and impact of goods movement in urbanized areas to: traffic congestion, energy consumption, air pollution, noise pollution, inefficient land use, and cost of urban goods movement. From the analysis, problems associated with urban goods movement and their fundamental causes were identified and plausible solution to the problems were generated. Primary attention was focused on solutions which could be demonstrated and implemented in a 5-year timeframe and would require modest capital investment. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy conservation KW - Estimates KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Land use KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Problem solving KW - Traffic congestion KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00151807 AU - Boeing Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1975/11 SP - 229 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation selected Morgantown, West Virginia, as a site for a prototype personal rapid transit system demonstration because it presented the challenges that such a system must overcome to be successful in any location. This Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit (MPRT) system was funded by UMTA as a research and development task to provide a demonstration system with the following objectives: (1) Demonstrate the feasibility of an automatic, personalized urban transit system; (2) Demonstrate the applicability of the concept to national urban needs; and (3) Qualify the concept for other locations using the UMTA capital grant funds. This MPRT final report contains a description of the final delivered system and a summary of the activities undertaken in its development, including system and subsystem plans, specifications, drawings, test data, and test evaluation. This MPRT system connects downtown Morgantown with two West Virginia University locations, and also provides passengers with non-stop direct to destination service between the central business district and the Evansdale and downtown campuses of West Virginia University. KW - Advanced systems KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Control KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Traffic engineering KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/47884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137349 AU - Fairchild, J E AU - Stephens, L W AU - WILLIAMS, T AU - Simmons, GAJ AU - University of Texas, Arlington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONAL VALIDATION OF A TRANSIT BUS SIMULATION PY - 1975/11 SP - 99 p. AB - A computer simulation incorporating the significant operational factors and transit bus characteristics has been developed to compute power, fuel consumption, and emissions over an arbitrarily prescribed mission profile. Factors considered include roadway grade, air density, aerodynamic drag, bus center-of-gravity location, front and rear tire inflation pressures, acceleration, weight, and torque converter characteristics. A portable instrumentation package was designed, constructed, and installed on a bus. Operational tests were conducted for a variety of velocity-time profiles for three gross weights. Continuous data recorded included engine speed, torque-converter output shaft speed, fuel flow, electrical load, wind speed and direction, and atmospheric data. Typical mission profiles for an urban transit bus were established by shadowing buses on two most typical routes. The results of the experimental program and mission profile analysis have been used to validate the computer simulation previously developed and to allow the determination of the relative importance of operational and design features on the fuel economy and emission characteristics of a transit bus operating on a realistic mission profile. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Center of gravity KW - Data collection KW - Drag KW - Energy conservation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mission profiles KW - Routes KW - Simulation KW - Slopes KW - Tires KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137318 AU - Segal, D J AU - Calspan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CRASHWORTHINESS OF EXISTING URBAN RAIL VEHICLES. VOLUME III: TRAIN-COLLISION MODEL, USERS MANUAL PY - 1975/11 SP - 66 p. AB - The crashworthiness of existing urban rail vehicles (passenger cars) and the feasibility of improvements in this area were investigated. Both rail-car structural configurations and impact absorption devices were studied. This final report issued under the crashworthiness effort covers: (1) The development of analytical tools to predict passenger threat - environment during collision; (2) criteria for predicting passenger injury due to train collisions; (3) an application of injury criteria and analytic models to predict passenger injuries resulting from collisions of trains that represent existing construction types; (4) a preliminary investigation of applying impact absorption devices to transit vehicles; (5) a design study of car structural configurations for improved impact energy management; (6) a review of engineering standards for Urban Rail Car Crashworthiness. The report consists of three volumes. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Energy absorption KW - Forecasting KW - Impact tests KW - Impact vulnerability KW - Injuries KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Standards KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural engineering KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133430 AU - Oren, R AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SOAC: STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR ENGINEERING TESTS AT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGH SPEED GROUND TEST CENTER. VOLUME VII. POST-REPAIR TESTS PY - 1975/11 SP - 206 p. AB - The document presents the test results for the State-of-the-Art Car Post-Repair Engineering Test Program conducted at the DOT High-Speed Ground Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from March 18th to 29th, 1974. The SOAC has been developed under UMTA's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program to enhance the attractiveness of rapid rail transportation to the urban traveller. The test data continuity between the original HSGTC Engineering Tests and the Post-Repair Test was established. Test data of variations from the original data have not been significant in terms of overall vehicle performance. A description of test procedures, equipment and facilities was provided in the original six-volume report, UMTA-MA-06-0025-75-1 through -6. PB-244 746 is the complete six volume set; PB-244 747 through PB-244 752 are the NTiS document numbers for each volume, I through VI respectively. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Calibration KW - Consumption KW - Deceleration KW - Electric power KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Strain gages KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00134642 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MARKETING MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK: MARKETING ORGANIZATION PY - 1975/11 SP - 86 p. AB - The findings are presented of an evaluatory study of the effectiveness of alternative organizational structures and its ultimate impact on the quality of service provided. The study also included an examination of the marketing function in certain non-transit organizational structure which are potential applicable and transferable to the transit industry. Marketing as it pertains to the transit industry is discussed, and the state-of-the-art of market ing in the mass transit industry is reviewed. Guidelines and a checklist are pvoded for evaluating the nature of a transit system's marketing structure, capabilities, and orientation. The four basic ways (product or service; market territory; by market customers; and function) a marketing unit may be organized are detailed, and the functional discriptions of organizational units and descriptions for marketing staff positions ar presented. After the evaluation process, the actual reorganization process is accomplished in 4 interrelated steps: planning; initial implementation; transition; and full operation. Three distinct levels of formal planning are employed by most large commercial firms. They are: policy planning; program planning; and implementation planning. The organizational structure, functional descriptions and position descriptions are prepared and approved during the initial implementation step. The transition step of the reorganization proceeds simultaneously on two fronts: operation of the new marketing department commences and the reorganization process continues. The full operation step of the reorganization process begins upon final approval by the marketing reorganization committee. KW - Customers KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Implementation KW - Labor unions KW - Level of service KW - Marine borers KW - Markets KW - Organization KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Service KW - State of the art studies KW - Substitutes KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132996 AU - Benjamin, P AU - Casey, R AU - Cofield, C AU - Heaton, C AU - Kendal, D AU - Misner, J AU - Simkowitz, H AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION--ANNUAL REPORT SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1975/11 SP - 252 p. AB - This report contains a description of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program. Transit demonstration projects undertaken in previous years are reviewed. Recently completed and current demonstration projects are described and project results from similar demonstrations are compared. The comparisons are made by grouping projects according to the program objectives addressed: (1) decrease transit travel time, (2) increase transit reliability, (3) increase transit coverage, (4) increase transit vehicle productivity, and (5) improve the mobility of transit dependents. Demonstrations are categorized as either experimental, i.e. those intended to develop and test concepts to the point where they merit widespread use, or exemplary, i.e. those conducted to achieve more widespread diffusion of proven concepts and techniques. Independent activities carried out in support of the demonstrations are described, such as the development of evaluation guidelines and improved methodologies for demonstration evaluation, analytical studies in support of the development of experimental demonstrations, and case studies of independent local innovations. Information dissemination mechanisms and activities intended to facilitate more widespread knowledge of effective approaches to improving transit are discussed. The Appendix contains a detailed description of each demonstration project including the objectives, history, status, results, evaluation and conclusions. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus priority KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Improvements KW - Innovation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00131850 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MARKETING MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK: USER INFORMATION AIDS PY - 1975/11 SP - 162 p. AB - This handbook which is designed to aid the public transportation professional in the development or improvement of user information systems, presents the community perspective and discusses the creation of conceptual objectives. A systems approach to user information is examined, and working with elements, modules and components is described. The various communication channels (mass media, face-to-face, public speakers, on board the bus, on the street, and distribution network channels) are reviewed, and the total system is outlined. This manual was developed on the basis of evaluation of potential aids by three hundred participats in laboratory research activities. The results of these research activities are summarized. KW - Communications KW - Community values KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Media KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Social values KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/40882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094608 AU - Thurlow, V S AU - Bachman, J A AU - Lovett, C D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS MAINTENANCE FACILITIES. A TRANSIT MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK PY - 1975/11 SP - 145 p. AB - An understanding of current urban transit bus maintenance facility capabilities is needed for use in planning new facilities and for the evaluation of requests for aid. Industry guidelines, based on a survey of 55 properties with fleets of 11 to 4300 buses, were developed for garages, shops, service lanes, and capital equipment. Facility ages varied from new to 100 years; 61 percent were older than 21 years. Building costs varied from a low of $12 to $28 a square foot for indoor bus storage space, to a high of $55 to $82 a square foot for equipment intensive servicing facilities (1975 dollars). Cost multiplier curves for bid forecast years from 1975 to 1985 were developed, including inflation rates varying from 6 to 12 percent per year. Small, single facility properties (less than 100 buses) were found to have greater unit space needs for repairs than large properties. KW - Building KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Equipment KW - Estimates KW - Facilities KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Forecasting KW - Frontage roads KW - Garages KW - Handling and storage KW - Industries KW - Inspection KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Planning KW - Services KW - Storage facilities KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56342/busmaintenancef0600unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/31000 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094048 AU - Stearns, M D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE TSC WORKSHOP ON ATTITUDINAL SURVEYS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND EVALUATION, HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS., ON JANUARY 30, 1975 PY - 1975/11 SP - 40 p. AB - The major conclusions of a 1975 workshop are presented. The Workshop participants, including planners, transit system operators, market researchers, and social scientists, assessed the practical utility of attitudinal survey techniques for transportation planning and evaluation. KW - Attitudes KW - Data collection KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Meetings KW - Methodology KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Public opinion KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30626 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143926 AU - Shinn, R AU - Conn, W D AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATING REVENUE SOURCES FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT: A NEW FRONTIER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNERS PY - 1975/10 SP - 40 p. AB - The report identifies alternative sources of revenue for the support of public transportation and suggests a comprehensive framework within which these alternative revenue sources may be evaluated. Particular attention is devoted to those sources of revenue (gasoline taxes, parking surcharges, congestion tolls, etc.) which positively impact on regional environmental and transportation planning objectives at the same time that they provide new revenue for transit support. The report draws on a limited number of existing studies to identify (1) the potential range of future revenue deficits facing U.S. transit operations; (2) the sources, amounts, and distribution of existing revenues going to support transit in the largest U.S. metropolitan areas; (3) alternative financing mechanisms available; (4) evaluation criteria which have previously been employed to select revenue sources for transit support; and (5) new criteria which could be employed to provide a more complete evaluation. KW - Air quality management KW - Cost engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parking costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Pay parking KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Toll bridges KW - Toll roads KW - Toll tunnels KW - Tolls KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094014 AU - Fletcher, W S AU - Davis, S AU - Atlanta University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION HANDBOOK PY - 1975/10 SP - 202 p. AB - This handbook is intended to provide a ready reference tool which offers an initial orientation to the sources of information in the field of urban transportation. It concentrates on sources of information rather than a listing of published research. These sources include: (1) Basic books and reports; (2) bibliography, directories and services; (3) statistics and fact books; (4) periodicals; (5) research organizations, university programs and transportation libraries; (6) industry and professional organizations; (7) conferences; and (8) the government role, a section which contains an overview of the structure and organization of the U.S. Department of Transportation as well as a review of key legislation and legislative processes that operate to develop national transportation policy. A glossary of acronyms is provided. KW - Automobiles KW - Bibliographies KW - Cargo transportation KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Data sources KW - Directories KW - Environmental impacts KW - Freight transportation KW - Government policies KW - Handbooks KW - Highway planning KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information services KW - Legislation KW - Manuals KW - Organizations KW - Passenger transportation KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Social factors KW - Social impacts KW - Sources KW - Statistics KW - Technical reports KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Trucks KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094484 AU - Snyder, J E AU - Wormley, D N AU - Richardson, H H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS VEHICLE-ELEVATED GUIDEWAY DYNAMICS: MULTIPLE-VEHICLE SINGLE SPAN SYSTEMS PY - 1975/10 SP - 230 p. AB - Analysis and design techniques are described for synchronously controlled AGT vehicles crossing elevated span structures. Computer simulation programs have been developed to determine time histories of guideway deflections, moments and stresses and vehicle accelerations (peak, total rms and rms in one-third octave bands) for a string of multiple AGT vehicles crossing flexible spans with random vertical, angular, camber and surface roughness irregularities. Specific data has been developed to identify operating conditions corresponding to potential span resonant conditions. A computer-aided design program has also been developed to determine span structural requirements needed to meet stress and passenger comfort conditions. Span designs for both large and small headway operation of 4, 6 and 12 passenger AGT vehicles have been determined. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Deflection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic tests KW - Elevated guideways KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Simulation KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural design KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137314 AU - Makowski, G G AU - Bakr, M M AU - Sinha, K C AU - Marquette University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Purdue University TI - OBTAINING TRANSPORTATION MODE UTILITIES USING THE ELIMINATION BY ASPECTS MODEL PY - 1975/10 SP - 32 p. AB - Estimates for the utility parameters of the Elimination By Aspects (EBA) probabilistic model of human choice are obtained using a least squares fit to the observed probabilities. These heuristic estimators are considerably easier to obtain than the usual maximum likelihood estimators of the EBA parameters. The estimators and their usefulness to transportation planners are presented via a survey of transportation preferences conducted in the Milwaukee County. KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Least squares method KW - Mathematical models KW - Probability theory KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Utility theory KW - Utilization KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137330 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK. VOLUME II. SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION COMPUTER PROGRAM (SES). PART 1. USER'S MANUAL PY - 1975/10 SP - 1514 p. AB - This document forms part of the Subway Environmental Design Handbook. It contains the background information and instructions to enable an engineer to perform an analysis of a subway system by using the Subway Environment Simulation (SES) computer program. The SES program is a designer-oriented tool which provides estimates of the airflow, temperature, and humidity characteristics, as well as the air-conditioning requirements, for both operating and proposed multiple-track subway systems of any given design and operating characteristics. The SES program can be used to evaluate the impact on the subway environment of alternative subway system design parameters such as tunnel and station cross-sectional area and length, tunnel interconnections, location and size of ventilation shafts and passenger entrances, ventilation fans, train headway and operating speed, and other parameters. The SES program is a numerical simulation model which incorporates the results of theoretical research, scale-model tests and field tests, and has been verified through comparisons with measurements taken in operating subway systems. KW - Air KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air flow KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Flow KW - Handbooks KW - Human factor engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Humidity KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subway environment KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Temperature KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137331 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK. VOLUME II. SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION COMPUTER PROGRAM (SES). PART 2. PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL PY - 1975/10 SP - 1256 p. AB - The Subway Environment Simulation Computer Program (SES) is a product of a four-year research and development project in the area of subway environmental control sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Urban Mass Transportation Administration and the Transit Development Corporation, Inc. The project produced a two-volume Subway Environmental Design Handbook. Volume 2 consists of two separate documents: Part 1, the SES User's Manual, and Part 2, the SES Programmer's Manual. The Programmer's Manual is intended to assist computer department personnel in making the SES Program operational on a given computer and to aid a programmer needing to understand the details of the internal operation and sequencing of the program. The information contained herein is not intended for design engineers and will be of no assistance to those wanting to use the program as it stands; all information necessary for application of the program is provided in the User's Manual. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Air KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air flow KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Flow KW - Handbooks KW - Human factors engineering KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subway environment KW - Subway stations KW - Subways KW - Temperature control KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094123 AU - Lincoln-Lancaster Commission on Aging AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Applied Planning and Management and Associates TI - LINCOLN EXPERIMENTAL TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1975/10 SP - 65 p. AB - The project involves the provision of a specialized transportation service, known as the HANDIBUS, for handicapped and elderly citizens who encounter barriers to existing mass transportation services. The service includes door-to-door transportation at the same fare as the regular city bus service. Special tickets are purchased by qualified applicants. The specialized service is operated by Lincoln Transportation Service, a city-owned mass transportation system which operates the regular city bus lines. This evaluation specifically addresses five primary objectives of the HANDIBUS service: (1) To achieve a high level of penetration of the target population; (2) to eliminate, to the degree possible, existing barriers to mass transportation among the target population; (3) to substantially increase mobility among the target group; (4) to increase community social and economic integration with the target population; and (5) to provide efficient equipment and operating methods for providing the intended service. KW - Aged KW - Bus lines KW - Community values KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Door to door service KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Mobility KW - Nebraska KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Project management KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Social values KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093610 AU - Widmayer, E AU - Tanner, A E AU - Klump, R AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE UMTA STATE-OF-THE-ART CARS PY - 1975/10 SP - 193 p. AB - An engineering assessment of the crashworthiness of the UMTA State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) has been conducted as part of a program to provide safer transportation to urban rail vehicles. Crash dynamics and crashworthiness methodology based on post-yield energy absorption characteristics and a 'weighted acceleration' severity index has been applied. Sensitivity studies have been conducted to show the effect of car buff strength, passenger relative velocity, passenger spacing, and cushioning on casualties as defined by the severity index. Major gains in injury reduction through improved internal cushioning are indicated. The prevention of car penetration by override is treated. The SOAC collision dynamics model is validated by comparison to the SOAC-gondola accident of August 11, 1973, and by comparison to a nonlinear finite element mathematical simulation of the SOAC in crash conditions. KW - Crash cushions KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Energy absorption KW - Hazard analysis KW - Impact shock KW - Impact tests KW - Injuries KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Safety equipment KW - Sensitivity KW - Shock (Mechanics) KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural engineering KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158117 AU - Leatham, J L AU - Utah Department of Transportation TI - EVALUATION OF UTAH'S QUALITY ASSURANCE PROCEDURES RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION PY - 1975/10 AB - Utah's specifications, policies, and procedures concerned with quality assurance in highway construction are reviewed and evaluated. The problems, comments, and suggestions associated with the specifications, policies, and procedures are taken from those persons most closely associated with the daily application of quality assurance concepts. These are then reviewed, evaluated and used as objectives for information searches. Solutions to problems from information searches are suggested for implementation. Outdated or inefficient specifications or procedures are suggested for revision or elimination to make room for new improvements. Short term reseach is suggested for those areas which have no immediate solutions and those areas exhibiting problems of a more complex nature are recommended to be used as objectives in future research projects. Suggested guidelines are formed to insure progressive and appropriate development of improved quality assurance programs. KW - Construction KW - Construction specifications KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Policy KW - Quality assurance KW - Road construction KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137057 AU - Priemer, R AU - SILVER, M L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DATA MANAGEMENT METHODS FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1975/09/15 SP - 77 p. AB - The report describes a computer based Data Management and Retrieval System for the Urban Mass Transportation Industry. The System is designed to aid the transportation planner, engineer, and manager in solving recurring problems associated with (1) collection; (2) categorization and synthesis; (3) storage and (4) retrieval of urban mass transportation information. The system is designed to be used by personnel without formal computer training with the everyday vocabulary associated with many classes of rapid transit operation, evaluation, and studies. The features and use of an example system is described for rail rapid transit noise abatement studies. The example system combines (1) physical data describing the system and (2) measured noise levels as an aid in evaluating cost effective acoustic treatments for lowering rail rapid transit noise. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Data management KW - Data storage KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Management information systems KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136818 AU - RRC International Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Valley Transit District TI - VALLEY TRANSIT DISTRICT: OPERATIONS, FARE SYSTEM AND VEHICLE DESIGN PY - 1975/09 SP - 298 p. AB - The Valley Transit District (VTD) demonstration project is located in an area in southwestern Connecticut which consists of the four towns of Ansonia, Derby, Seymour, and Shelton. Among the accomplishments of the VTD project are: Demand bus operation over a 56 square mile area; investigation of dispatching for wide area demand systems; incorporation of new features for the handicapped; testing of the attractiveness of small vehicles with luxury interior; provision of a unified transport system for regional health and social services; establishment of a new transit district law in Connecticut; and a flexible multi-service operational system. Another feature is the demonstration of a computer-processed credit card fare system called FAIRTRAN which has: deferred billing; a provision for any complexity of fare structure; a cost accountable, selective, user subsidy feature called FARESHARE; and comprehensive ride and demographic data collection capabilities. Chapters specifically address: (1) system operations, which includes sections on marketing, energy, financial analysis, handicapped demand, the dispatching system, and a survey; (2) the fare system; and (3) vehicle design. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Compact automobiles KW - Connecticut KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Dispatching KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Scheduling KW - Service agencies KW - Small car KW - Social service KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Valleys KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094241 AU - Hart, K AU - Fresno County Council of Governments, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOW TO SET UP A LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN YOUR COMMUNITY PY - 1975/09 SP - 63 p. AB - Intended for small urban and rural areas, the document describes the steps necessary to set up public transportation services. Such subjects as estimating costs, obtaining funding, marketing the service, subsidizing a taxi operator, setting up a non-profit corporation to run the service, and developing the required forms for transit record-keeping are covered. The objective of the study was to provide a simple, straightforward guidebook for local officials and private groups to use in establishing public transit services. KW - Aged KW - California KW - City planning KW - Corporations KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fund allocations KW - Grant aid KW - Guidelines KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30759 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143220 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED MECHANICAL TRAINING PROGRAM. AIR CONDITIONING PY - 1975/09 SP - 94 p. AB - The objective of the Advanced Mechanical Training Program (AMTP) was to demonstrate the value of blue-collar training received by mechanics in automotive welding techniques, coach electrical systems and coach air-conditioning. A related objective was to develop a series of tests which could be used to evaluate the success of the training program as well as identify other areas of mechanical knowledge in which the average mechanic could benefit from training. By improving the mechanics skills, it was also felt that maintenance efficiency and productivity would increase, resulting in more reliable service to the public. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Analysis KW - Cooling equipment KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Employees KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel development KW - Skilled workers KW - Specialists KW - Specialized training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143221 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED MECHANICAL TRAINING PROGRAM. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS PY - 1975/09 SP - 114 p. AB - The objective of the Advanced Mechanical Training Program was to demonstrate worth of blue-collar training received by mechanics in Automotive Welding Techniques, Coach Electrical Systems and Coach Air-Conditioning. The average mechanic normally is not skilled or knowledgeable in electrical system maintenance and repair. Coach Electrical Systems have become even more sophisticated and complex in recent years, particularly with the addition of many electrical warning systems, safety features, and innovations such as electrical transmission systems. For these reasons, the District felt it necessary, with the cooperation of the Amalgamated Transit Union, Division 1277, to provide advanced mechanical training in areas where training could improve productivity. Portions of this document are not fully legible. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Electrical equipment KW - Employees KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel development KW - Skilled workers KW - Specialists KW - Specialized training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143223 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED MECHANICAL TRAINING PROGRAM PY - 1975/09 SP - 291 p. AB - The Advanced Mechanical Training Program (AMTP) was a joint effort of the Southern California Rapid Transit District's Personnel Department and Maintenance and Equipment Department. Administrative aspects of the program including scheduling of classes, candidate selection, overall coordination and program evaluation were the responsibility of the Personnel Department. The Maintenance and Equipment Department assumed technical responsibility for instructor selection, subject matter development, selection of textbooks and training materials, etc. The Mechanical Training Coordinator, who also directs the District's successful Utility A to Mechanic Training Program, coordinated classroom training. KW - Ability tests KW - Achievement tests KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Analysis KW - Cooling equipment KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Electrical equipment KW - Employees KW - Instructors KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel development KW - Skilled workers KW - Specialists KW - Specialized training KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143222 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED MECHANICAL TRAINING PROGRAM. WELDING PY - 1975/09 SP - 100 p. AB - The objective of the Advanced Mechanical Training Program was to demonstrate worth of blue-collar training received by mechanics in Automotive Welding Techniques, Coach Electrical Systems and Coach Air-Conditioning. Although welding is a skill not normally expected or required of a mechanic, minor welding repair is involved in completion of many District repair tasks. Men competent in welding frequently had their own work disrupted because another mechanic could not complete a job involving welding. Work involving welding begun on swing or graveyard shift often is not completed until more experienced day crews can handle the repairs. It was therefore felt that staff efficiency could be increased and downtime could be decreased, if even rudimentary welding skills were possessed by more District mechanics. The District also believed that training would improve morale and job satisfaction, and increase assignment flexibility and promotional opportunity for mechanics. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Employees KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicles KW - Personnel development KW - Skilled workers KW - Specialists KW - Specialized training KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00155402 AU - Hsu, J AU - Surti, V H AU - University of Colorado, Denver AU - Illinois Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SYSTEMS APPROACH OF OPTIMAL BUS NETWORK DESIGN PY - 1975/09 SP - 107 p. AB - This report reflects the view that one possible way to improve planning efficiency is to provide the planner with better coordination with decision-makers and with a systematic framework for the bus network design. The purpose of this research is to present a new approach for bus network design. The proposed framework is comprised of four sub-models: attitude model, network generating model, prediction model, and evaluation model. This proposed framework is implemented on a macro-modeling basis. That is, a systems approach of bus network design in which a city is first modeled and bus routes are then fitted into this urban network of nodes and links. This macro-modeling approach is contrary to the street by street modeling of bus routes. Development priorities for various type of bus routes are derived from the socioeconomic characteristics of nodes along the route. In this report, sample applications of this new approach to bus network design are presented using both theoretical viewpoints and empirical analyses. An example of applying the proposed methodology to the Denver area is given to illustrate the operational characteristics of the framework. This study concludes that the proposed approach is a workable one and will be a help to planners in improving the efficiency of transit planning. KW - Buses KW - Decision making KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Regression analysis KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/49180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137327 AU - Dunton, W H AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOAC. STATE-OF-THE-ART CAR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. VOLUME 2. REPAIR, RE-TEST AND OPERATIONAL EVALUATION PY - 1975/09 SP - 249 p. AB - The two-volume report documented the design, fabrication and test of two new State-of-the-Art Cars (SOAC) whose objective was to demonstrate the best available (1971-72) rail rapid transit vehicle technology. The SOAC features a DC-DC chopper in the propulsion system, separately excited DC traction motors, all-steel construction (with molded fiberglass ends), and vandal-resistant and fire-retardant materials in the interior. This volume, Volume 2, of a two-volume report covers the repair of the damage sustained by the No. 2 car in an accident at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) in August 1973, the post-repair testing at the TTC, and the operational evaluation of the SOAC in revenue service in New York, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago and Philadelphia. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Braking KW - Car repair KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Crashes KW - Design KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Motors KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Repairing KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Systems engineering KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143262 AU - Hirsh, M S AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT OF ARTERIAL BUS PRIORITY TREATMENTS ON BUS OPERATING COSTS PY - 1975/09 SP - 67 p. AB - A study was conducted to ascertain whether or not an arterial bus priority treatment affects the cost of bus operations. Arterial priority treatments were evaluated for the effectiveness of operations within the Central Business District. Bus operating costs affected by the benefits of an arterial priority treatment were discussed. A case study using the Benning Line of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Auth. Metrobus System was then undertaken to illustrate the impact of the arterial priority treatment upon bus operating costs. The results indicate a potential for significant savings in bus operating costs. Briefly, the results show an annual savings of approximately $8,800 due to the implementation of a priority treatment along one mile of an arterial in downtown Washington, D.C. This compared to an arterial priority treatment capital cost of about $10,000 per mile. KW - Arterial highways KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Operating costs KW - Streets KW - Traffic engineering KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00198179 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - American Public Transit Association TI - NATIONAL TRANSIT MARKETING CONFERENCE - PROCEEDINGS, HELD AT ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ON JUNE 9-11, 1975 PY - 1975/09 SP - 207 p. AB - Marketing increasingly is being recognized as a key element in revitalizing urban public transportation, and is a significant transit management tool. Technical sessions centered on an in-depth examination of marketing's tools and components as they apply to transit. Case histories and workshops were among the approaches used to familiarize participants with the marketing concept. The report offers an excellent resource for those interested in transit marketing. KW - Attitudes KW - Case studies KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Conferences KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Meetings KW - Needs assessment KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133090 AU - Neat, G W AU - LOTZ, R AU - Kasameyer, R AU - Oren, R AU - Brown, P F AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GENERAL VEHICLE TEST PLAN (GVTP) FOR URBAN RAIL TRANSIT CARS PY - 1975/09 SP - 346 p. AB - The General Vehicle Test Plan provides a system for general vehicle testing and for documenting and utilizing data and information in the testing of urban rail transit cars. Test procedures are defined for nine categories: (1) Performance; (2) Power Consumption; (3) Power System Interaction; (4) Adhesion; (5) Ride Roughness; (6) Passenger Compartment Noise; (7) Community Noise; (8) Simulated Revenue Service; (9) Structure Dynamics. The procedures can be adapted to any vehicle in the general class of urban rail vehicles. They are derived from testing on UMTA's Rail Transit Test Track in Pueblo, Colorado. In addition, these procedures can be modified for use on other urban rail tracks as required. Specifications are included for instrumentation required to implement the tests. Data processing and analysis requirements are defined by specifying standard output formats for the parameters of interest. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Adhesion KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Energy consumption KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance based specifications KW - Performance specifications KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Revenues KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Structural analysis KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41350 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094483 AU - Raskin, D AU - Yutko, R T AU - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company TI - ENERGY STORAGE PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR RAPID TRANSIT CARS. SYSTEM DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION PY - 1975/09 SP - 52 p. AB - When a transit rail car accelerates, it draws energy from a wayside electric power source; when it decelerates, the car must rid itself of this energy. Conventional rail cars dissipate this energy in the form of heat. This report describes a transit car propulsion system which will save much of this presently wasted energy by storing the car's kinetic energy in flywheels which are mounted below the car floor. The stored energy is then available for the subsequent acceleration of the car. Thus a significant reduction in energy usage is expected, along with a resultant reduction in subway tunnel heating. This energy storage propulsion system has been installed on two New York City subway cars and will be subjected to an extensive series of tests. This report discusses the background and design approach and describes the technical features of the Energy Storage propulsion system. KW - Ac generators KW - Alternating current KW - Electric generators KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Gear drives KW - Gears KW - Kinetic energy KW - Motors KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Storage batteries KW - Subways KW - Tracked vehicles KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle drive systems KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137043 AU - Loftus, E F AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY PY - 1975/09 SP - 22 p. AB - The report deals with the following question: When a person has witnessed some unusual event such as a traffic accident, how can complete and accurate information best be obtained about that event. The research focuses specifically on the influence that questions asked subsequently to an event have (1) on the answers to those questions, (2) on the answers to subsequent questions, and (3) on the witness' memory for the incident he has experienced. A major conclusion is that questions asked subsequently to an event can contain new information which becomes integrated into the original memory, causing an alteration or a reconstruction of the witness' memory for that event. Some recommendations are given for how questions can be asked in as neutral a way as possible. In addition, other factors that are known to affect the accuracy and completeness of an eyewitness account are briefly outlined. KW - Concept formation KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Insurance claims KW - Interrogation KW - Investigations KW - Legal factors KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Memory KW - Personnel KW - Psychological aspects KW - Recall campaigns KW - Studies KW - Testimony KW - Traffic crashes KW - Visual perception KW - Witnesses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137346 AU - Uher, R A AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ASSURANCE: TERMINOLOGY, PERFORMANCE INDICES, FAILURE ASSESSMENT AND MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT PY - 1975/08/01 SP - 102 p. AB - The paper addresses the need for and reports on the development of a methodology for consistent measurement of reliable performance in transportation operations which include intercity rail, urban commuter rail, rapid transit, bus and streetcar, light rail and small people movers. Performance indices and formulae for their computation are developed as a compromise between industry tradition and modern assurance science techniques. Equipment availability, a generic reference to the reliability, maintainability, and availability of the equipment to transport passengers is discussed as it relates to both service dependability and the cost of the maintenance operation. A comprehensive Failure Assessment and Maintenance Management System (FAMMS) which is directly applicable to transportation properties and which evolved from similar systems used on properties over the past five years is described in detail. The system can be completely computerized and data can either be batch or on-line processed. KW - Analysis KW - Availability KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Car maintenance KW - Computer analysis KW - Industrial engineering KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality of work KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Statistics KW - Streetcars KW - Supply KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137333 AU - Wingate, F B AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLICATIONS IN TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1975/08 SP - 36 p. AB - This paper reports on the results of the application of interactive computer graphics to those public transportation information systems which answer inquiries from the general public. Primary emphasis was placed on development of a graphics application package to control the existing Transit Information System developed by the Stanford/UMTA research group in the Stanford Industrial Engineering Department. Other areas of investigation included operator interaction with the computer display; sorting and searching a large geographic data base; and the practical limitations of geographic displays on a CRT. The U.S. Census Bureau's DIME data base was analyzed, and an interactive graphics map editor was developed. KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Interactive graphics KW - Maps KW - Routing KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136508 AU - International Association of Taxicabs AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wells Research Company TI - AN ANALYSIS OF TAXICAB OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS PY - 1975/08 SP - 37 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present the results of a survey of taxicab operating characteristics conducted during the fall of 1974. It presents the most extensive effort undertaken to date to gather statistics for the taxicab industry. Prior to this time studies were based upon small specialized samples, so there is no basis for comparison with previous studies which, according to the authors, probably tended to underestimate the total taxicab population in the United States. A mail questionnaire was sent to active operators, of whom 696 (10.8%) responded. In spite of this rather low response rate, the sample provides broad geographic coverage and represents all sizes of operations. General industry characteristics are examined. Fare structures are also studied. KW - Automobiles KW - Common carriers KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Fares KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Passenger transportation KW - Prices KW - Questionnaires KW - Services KW - Statistics KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094412 AU - Transit Development Corporation, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - KAISER ENGINEERS AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated TI - COMPARISONS OF COMPUTER MODEL PREDICTIONS AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT IN THE MONTREAL METRO PY - 1975/08 SP - 224 p. AB - This technical report has been prepared under the Transit Development Corporation (TDC) project 'Ventilation and Environmental Control in Subway Rapid Transit Systems.' This report describes a series of field tests conducted in the Montreal METRO system for the purpose of validating the Subway Environment Simulation (SES) Computer Program developed pursuant to the TDC project. The report also presents direct comparisons of experiment and theory, demonstrating the applicability of the SES computer program to full scale, multiple-track, bi-directional rapid transit systems. KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air flow KW - Canada KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic pressure KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Flow KW - Mathematical models KW - Montreal (Canada) KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30862 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093910 AU - McQueen, J T AU - Levinsohm, D M AU - Waksman, R AU - Miller, G K AU - National Bureau of Standards AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EVALUATION OF THE SHIRLEY HIGHWAY EXPRESS-BUS-ON-FREEWAY DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1975/08 SP - 154 p. AB - The primary goal of the project was to demonstrate that express bus-on-freeway operations can improve the quality of bus service and lead to an increase in the people moving capability of peak period transportation facilities for an entire urban corridor. Other project goals were to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology as a means of reducing auto pollutant emissions and gasoline consumption, improving the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged and the economic condition of the transit operator. An analysis of bus operations is presented which shows that the project effected an improvement in the quality of the Corridor bus service, evidenced by the reduction in travel times by bus, and the increase in both the reliability and the coverage of the bus system. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Economic factors KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - Gasoline KW - Management KW - Mobility KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation corridors KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/37000/37500/37557/72-R29.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093548 AU - TOYE, C R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY GROUND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK SIMULATION PY - 1975/08 SP - 60 p. AB - The report discusses some automated guideway management problems relating to ground transportation systems and provides an outline of the types of models and algorithms that could be used to develop simulation tools for evaluating system performance. The system management problems are related to the routing and scheduling of both passengers and vehicles, as well as to control strategies such as synchronous and quasi-synchronous. The simulation outline provides background material for model descriptive, functional requirements, and simulation structure that can be used in future development activities. KW - Advanced systems KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Control systems KW - Coordination KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Operating strategies KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Synchronism KW - Synchronization KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093363 AU - Manning, J E AU - Hyland, D C AU - Tocci, G AU - Cambridge Collaborative AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - VIBRATION PREDICTION MODEL FOR FLOATING-SLAB RAIL TRANSIT TRACK PY - 1975/08 SP - 142 p. AB - This report presents the theoretical development of a model to predict the vibration reduction by floating-slab tracks in subway tunnels. Data from a field study in New York City are also presented. The report is one of three reports dealing with noise and vibration control for urban rail transit track and elevated structures. The theoretical model described allows for the prediction of the force transmissibility--the ratio of the amplitudes of the force on the tunnel floor and the force on the rail. Data from the field study support the use of a simple single-degree-of-freedom oscillator for predicting vibration reduction. The theoretical model developed allows predictions to be made for a more general case. KW - Concrete slab track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Environmental quality KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Mathematical prediction KW - Measuring instruments KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise attenuation KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Oscillators KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad tunnels KW - Signal generators KW - Structural design KW - Subway environment KW - Subway noise KW - Subway railways KW - Subways KW - Test tracks KW - Theory KW - Track design KW - Track structures KW - Vibration control UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092337 AU - Manning, J E AU - Hyland, D C AU - Fredberg, J J AU - Senapati, N AU - Cambridge Collaborative AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - NOISE PREDICTION MODELS FOR ELEVATED RAIL TRANSIT STRUCTURES PY - 1975/08 SP - 249 p. AB - The report presents the theoretical development of a model for the prediction of noise radiated by elevated structures on rail transit lines. In particular it deals with noise and vibration control for urban rail transit track and elevated noise and vibration control for urban rail transit track and elevated structures. The model allows for the prediction of both the vibration transmission between elements of the structure and the resulting noise radiation from each major structural element, in terms of design parameters for the different elements. Thus the potential effectiveness of various alternative methods for noise control can be evaluated. Results of a field study of three different types of elevated structure on the MBTA Rapid Transit System are also summarized. These results support the validity of the prediction model. The engineering application of the prediction model is discussed in another report. KW - Computer programs KW - Effective sound pressure KW - Elevated structures KW - Environmental impacts KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Sound transmission KW - Structural design KW - Structural members KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Vibration control KW - Wave motion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137367 AU - Clark, J W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBAN FORM AND TRAVEL REQUIREMENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK PY - 1975/08 SP - 47 p. AB - An interest in the development of long-range policy for energy conservation motivates the investigation into the relationship between urban form and transportation energy consumption. The report reviews previous studies which have attempted, either directly or indirectly, to cast some light on this relationship. A thesis of the paper is that study of the relationship has been hampered by a lack of an operational definition for the concept of urban form. Addressing itself to this need, it is proposed that urban spatial structure be measured in terms of size, shape, and activity distribution of the urbanized area. The review of literature classifies previous studies according to the aspect of urban form which was investigated. Travel requirements appear to increase as urban area population increases, but beyond this finding, no clear relationship between urban form and total urban travel requirements has yet been established in the literature. KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Governments KW - Policy KW - Population KW - Quality of life KW - Regulations KW - Reviews KW - Sociology KW - Travel KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137418 AU - Leahy, M P AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FUTURE SCENARIOS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION PY - 1975/08 SP - 120 p. AB - The author finds that, between 1972 and 1990, urban passenger miles will greatly increase. This increased demand will be met by a particular modal split. Presently, these modes have certain characteristics. Unless the internal combustion auto meets the statutory emission standards, it will cause more air pollution harm than the diesel bus and electrified modes. Using total energy consumption comparisons, the internal combustion auto that meets DOT suggested fuel economy standards for 1980 (19.6 mpg) is twice as energy intensive as the diesel bus, three times as energy intensive as rapid rail and the electric bus, and five times as energy intensive as the electric car and the advanced GRT. If 47% of all urban travel is made on electrified modes in 1990, 1.6 billion barrels of petroleum can be saved, at a cost of 1.7% increase in anticipated electricity demand. The author concludes that to decrease energy consumption, improve urban air quality, and improve urban transportation, strategies should be aimed at achieving a transit and electric intensive modal split. Opportunities for action include (1) strongly supporting HR 8800, which, if passed, will appropriate $160 million for 5 years to the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) for Electric Vehicle R and D; (2) working in cooperation with ERDA to develop an urban private passenger electric vehicle and improved battery powered electric bus. KW - Air pollution KW - City planning KW - Demand KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric buses KW - Electric power KW - Electric power demand KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric vehicles KW - Electrical systems KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Exhaust gases KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Internal combustion engines KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Propulsion KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Street railroads KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation research KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094132 AU - Brunso, J M AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. A PROTOTYPE CASE STUDY OF NEW YORK STATE EXPERIENCE IN ACTIVATING AN ELEMENT OF A FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAM PY - 1975/08 SP - 127 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, provided grants and loans to states and local public bodies and agencies to assist them in providing mass transportation systems to meet the special needs of the elderly and handicapped. This act was further amended in 1973, and the assistance was extended to private nonprofit corporations and associations. The report looks at this program and its administration in New York State. The development of this program was traced from the rules and regulations provided by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, to examine the proposals of the private nonprofit organizations, and to determine both the problems involved in the administration of the program and the ways in which these proposals would meet the transportation needs of the elderly and handicapped. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Legislation KW - New York (State) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093633 AU - Ludwick, JSJ AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Administration, Washington, D.C. TI - SIMPLIFIED ESTIMATORS FOR BENEFIT ASSESSMENT OF BUS PRIORITY SYSTEMS PY - 1975/08 SP - 48 p. AB - Simulation studies indicate that a Bus Priority System (BPS) that guarantees a green traffic signal to buses approaching an instrumented intersection provides substantial benefits to buses with little detriment to other traffic. Simplified estimators that correlate well with many aspects of the simulation results provide a better understanding of the BPS process and a means of analyzing the effects of BPS in applications other than that simulated. A bus travel time estimator predicts values within 10 percent for local buses, although the accuracy is less for buses with less frequent stops. An intersection capacity estimator reflects how certain conditions lead to greatly increased travel times for other vehicles in the simulation network and how far-side bus stops are superior to near-side bus stops at short bus headways. KW - Assessments KW - Bus priority KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Headways KW - Highway capacity KW - Highway traffic KW - Instruments for measuring time KW - Intersection capacity KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Simulation KW - Time measurement KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30330 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093620 AU - Metropolitan Council of Twin Cities AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Bather-Ringrose-Wolsfeld, Incorporated TI - I-35W URBAN CORRIDOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1975/08 SP - 445 p. AB - The purpose of the I-35W Urban Corridor Demonstration Project is to implement and evaluate the Bus-on-Metered Freeway System. The system includes the following elements: Metering of an urban radial freeway; a real-time surveillance, command and control system; extensive express bus service in the corridor; priority access to the freeway via express bus ramps; and provision of transit passenger amenities, i.e., bus shelters, signs, and park-and-ride facilities. The complete system, located in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area, became operational in April 1974. Goals of the Urban Corridor Demonstration Program include: demonstrating the impact of a coordinated use of FHWA and UMTA programs in alleviating peak hour congestion in heavily used traffic corridors; improving the efficiency of existing transportation facilities in terms of people moving capability; encouragement of urban areas to coordinate planning of highway and transit improvements to obtain maximum impact; and improvement of peak hour traffic flow in the project cities and documentation of results for national application. KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Express buses KW - Freeways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Metering KW - Minnesota KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Ramps KW - Surveillance KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic surveillance KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban corridors KW - Urban growth KW - Urban highways KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00141493 AU - Yeomans, T AU - MITTELBACH, F G AU - University of California, Los Angeles TI - THE HELICOPTER AIR SERVICE PASSENGER PROGRAM: A RETROSPECT PY - 1975/08 SP - 51 p. AB - An attempt is made to explain the initial expectations for helicopter development and the reasons behind the helicopters ability or inability to fulfill its predicted role in moving large numbers of people in cities and between cities and outlying areas. Basic helicopter characteristics and capabilities, the rationale behind the helicopter experiment, and the effects of a federal subsidy granted to industry are discussed, and four certified helicopter carrier operations are analyzed. A number of factors (high capital and maintenance costs of equipment, high price of purchasing service, and competition from alternate modes) are noted that contributed to the limited market penetration of helicopter services. Regardless of the helicopter's technical capabilities, conditions on the ground powerfully determine the potential demand. Sharp improvements in the flight portion of trips be accompanied by reductions in waiting and other delay times on the ground. KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Helicopters KW - Intercity transportation KW - Market research KW - Short haul KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/44384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00127466 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REPORT TO CONGRESS CONCERNING THE DEMONSTRATION OF FARE-FREE MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1975/07/21 SP - 30 p. AB - This report provides information consistent with that required in Sections 204 and 205 of Title II of the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act of 1974. It surveys briefly the current state of knowledg with regard to the benefits and costs of fare-free transit, and describes the essential elements of a demonstration program. Advocates of fare-free transit claim that it would improve the efficiency of the transportation system as a whole, would help transit systems (in particular) operate more efficiently, and would assist certain groups within the propulation. Others are skeptical about the ability of across-the-board fare subsidies alone to encourage people to forsake private automobiles in favor of public transit. They are also doubtful of the magnitude of potential transit system efficiency gains and the relative effectives of low fares in assisting certain population groups. Thus, the overriding objectives of publicly-funded demonstrations of transit fare abolition is to provide definitive answers about the costs and the efficacy of fare cuts in achieving their goals, such as increased ridership. This objective has two important implications. The first concerns the experimental content of a demonstration program. In particular, the programs should not be concerned solely with the feasibility of financing transit through means other than the farebox; they must address a much wider range of concerns, including such questions as: what is the patronage response to fare elimination, how does fare abolition impact on the transportation system as a whole (speed, congestion, emissions, fuel consumption, etc.), what groups of the population benefit from fare-free service and to what degree, and what are the impacts on local employment levels, on retail trade, and on local firms. The second implication is that experiments should be designed so as to test the concept under those circumstances in which it is thought to stand its greatest chance of success. KW - Benefits KW - Costs KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Energy KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Impacts KW - Ridership KW - State of the art studies KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092489 AU - San Diego County, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLAN. VOLUME III PY - 1975/07 SP - 191 p. AB - The report describes the methodology used to develop the Regional Transportation Plan and documents the major elements of that methodology, including the regional goals and objectives program, the citizen participation program, the plan development alternative studies, the evaluation criteria utilized to select a development strategy, the policy selection process, and the plan refinement and staging process. KW - Air transportation KW - Bicycles KW - Bus lines KW - California KW - Communities KW - Effectiveness KW - Environmental impacts KW - Environmental quality KW - Evaluation KW - Information systems KW - Light rail transit KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Participative management KW - Participatory management KW - Policy KW - Public participation KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Regional development KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - San Diego (California) KW - Selection KW - Strategic planning KW - Strategy KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092223 AU - Fan, HSL AU - SHERRET, A AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - EXPLORATORY NETWORK ANALYSES OF BART'S IMPACTS UPON ACCESSIBILITY PY - 1975/07 SP - 93 p. AB - The objective of the study was to (1) make a preliminary assessment of BART's impacts on areawide accessibility, and (2) evaluate the use of network-based accessibility measures as an impact analysis technique. Accessibility measures were based on estimates of zone-to-zone travel times and transit fares derived from networks developed for the 1971 'pre-BART' and 1976 'post-BART' highway and transit systems. The accessibility measures were expressed as simple indices, weighted by the size and characteristics of the resident population in the origin zone. Comparisons of the accessibility indices were made for both peak and off-peak travel times for selected destination zones in the BART service area. The selected zones represent the locations of important employment centers, shopping facilities, and hospitals. Assessments were made of BART's potential accessibility impacts on the racial minority, elderly, and low-income populations as well as the generation population. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Availability KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Employment centers KW - Fares KW - Impacts KW - Industrial location KW - Industrial parks KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Measurement KW - Minorities KW - Mode choice KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Origin and destination KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Shopping centers KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Supply KW - Traffic peaks KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094420 AU - Wachs, M AU - Blanchard, R D AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE STYLES AND TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY IN THE FUTURE PY - 1975/07 SP - 20 p. AB - Several common views of the transportation requirements of elderly Americans are reviewed, and conclusions are reached regarding the elderly population of the next two decades. KW - Aged KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Future policies KW - Needs assessment KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Standard of living KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092454 AU - Evans, R T AU - Cowes, K AU - Alden Self-transit Systems Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HEADWAY SEPARATION ASSURANCE SUBSYSTEM (HSAS) PY - 1975/07 SP - 118 p. AB - This report discusses the design, fabrication, test and evaluation of a Headway Separation Assurance Subsystem (HSAS) capable of reliable, failsafe performance in PRT systems. The items designed include both hardware and software packages. These packages are applicable, with minimum modification, to any PRT system, and are designed to allow economical full-scale installation. Tests were performed at 9-3/4 mph with 8-1/3 seconds headway. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic tracking KW - Computer programming KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Cost control KW - Cost minimization KW - Design KW - Electric circuits KW - Fabrication KW - Headways KW - Information processing KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance tests KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ramps KW - Safety KW - Spacing KW - Switching circuits KW - Test facilities KW - Testing KW - Tracking KW - Tracking systems KW - Traffic safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092423 AU - Whitten, R E AU - Alden Self-transit Systems Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF POSITION ERROR HEADWAY PROTECTION PY - 1975/07 SP - 104 p. AB - An analysis is developed to determine safe headway on PRT systems that use point-follower control. Periodic measurements of the position error relative to a nominal trajectory provide warning against the hazards of overspeed and unexpected stop. A computer program has been developed to model these hazards for arbitrary safety system design parameters. The results of computer runs indicate that the critical hazard on the main guideway is unexpected stop of a preceding car; on a station entry deceleration ramp, it is overspeed of a following car. The deceleration ramp headways are larger and are more sensitive to system parameters than are the main guideway headways. Typical headways are five seconds on a 30 mph main guideway and 16 seconds on a deceleration ramp for state-of-the-art system parameters. With advanced system parameters and emergency decelerations applicable to well supported, seated passengers, required headways are 2.5 seconds on the main guideway and 3.5 seconds on the deceleration ramp. KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Braking performance KW - Computer programming KW - Deceleration KW - Hazards KW - Headways KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Ramps KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Signal systems KW - Simulation KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133167 AU - Knutrud, T AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - A SURVEY OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR HIGH CAPACITY PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1975/07 SP - 110 p. AB - The high-capacity personal rapid transit (HCPRT) system must operate with very short headways. To achieve safe operation at these headways, the propulsion system should meet certain unconventional requirements. They include reversible thrust capabilities, short response time, and peak thrust exceeding three times nominal thrust. These requirements were determined by analysis, computer simulations, and data provided by DOT/TSC. Five propulsion systems capable of meeting these requirements have been surveyed in this report. As background to the survey, several vehicle resistance curves were calculated for a baseline vehicle with assumed dimensions and weight. Four types of vehicle suspension methods were considered. KW - Advanced systems KW - Braking performance KW - Converters (Electricity) KW - Dc to dc converters KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Frequency converters KW - Induction motors KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Linear induction motors KW - Motors KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad transportation KW - Simulation KW - Speed control KW - Synchronous motors KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133456 AU - Knutrud, T AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated TI - A SURVEY OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR HIGHWAY CAPACITY PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SN - MA-06-0048 PY - 1975/07 SP - 110 p. AB - The high-capacity personal rapid transit (HCPRT) system must operate with very short headways. To achieve safe operation at these headways, the propulsion system should meet certain uncoventional requirements. They include: 1) reversible thrust capabilities, 2) short response time, 3) peak thrust eceeding three times nominal thrust. These requirements were determined by analysis, computer simulations, and data provided by DOL/TSC, Five propulsion systems capable of meeting these requirements have been surveyed in this report. As background to the survey, several vehicle resistance curves were calculated for a "baseline" vehicle with assumed dimensions and weight. Four types of vehicle suspension methods were considered. KW - Headways KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Simulation KW - Suspensions KW - Thrust KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00144065 AU - Raposa, F L AU - Phillips, W E AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - POWER AND PROPULSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DULLES TRANSPO '72 PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1975/07 SP - 116 p. AB - The Power and Propulsion Characteristics of the four different PRT vehicles demonstrated at Transpo '72 are determined by using analytical descriptions, manufacturers' data, and the test data from the Post-Transpo '72 Test Program. A comparative analysis of the four systems is presented. The performance features necessary to adequately describe each vehicle's power and propulsion characteristics are also discussed. KW - Advanced systems KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Comparative analysis KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Performance KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Test vehicles KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092401 AU - Wilson, NHM AU - Weissberg, R W AU - Higonnet, B T AU - Hauser, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED DIAL-A-RIDE ALGORITHMS PY - 1975/07 SP - 89 p. AB - Purposes of this report are to develop advanced dial-a-ride control procedures based on the experience gained in Haddonfield, NJ and to explicitly investigate the problem of controlling integrated dial-a-ride fixed route transit services. Objectives of this project can be subdivided into four tasks: (1) evaluation of simulation effectiveness and upgrading of simulation capabilities; (2) evaluation of the present dial-a-ride control algorithm used in Haddonfield, and identification of shortcomings and areas for improvement; (3) development of advanced computer control algorithms in the context of single module dial-a-ride systems incorporating better utilizations; and (4) definition, description, and evaluation of roles for computer scheduling which incorporate interfaces to each other and to existing conventional modes of transportation. This report describes work accomplished to date. KW - Algorithms KW - Computer programming KW - Computers KW - Constraints KW - Consumer protection KW - Control KW - Defects KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Problem solving KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Simulation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00158147 AU - Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore TI - ANALYSIS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION NEEDS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR AGT SYSTEMS PY - 1975/07 SP - 436 p. AB - In this report the current and future development of urban form is illustrated and analyzed in terms of its specific implications for automated guideway systems (AGT). Five cities that are representative of the range of urban attributes in the nation are examined--Chicago, Baltimore, Kansas City, Phoenix, and Grand Rapids. To identify what transportation modes satisfy the transportation needs, seven broad modal categories, operating and economic characteristics, energy consumption and pollution levels are presented. These measures are presented in detail for seven generic modes--Rail Rapid Transit, Light Rail, Conventional Bus, Group Rapid Transit, Personal Rapid Transit, Dail-A-Ride, and Auto. Conclusions as to the ability of AGT, as well as various other possible systems of transportation, to satisfy the predicted future needs of multi-nucleated urban areas are reached through the use of models of applicable demand range, which present, at one end, capacity capability and, at the other, necessary patronage for viable fiscal operation of such systems. Performance measures are developed for line-haul and circulation systems. The line-haul measures are given in terms of the boarding per hour per mile as determined by the capacity of the system and by the fiscal and fare policies. These measures are used to illustrated an approach to developing circulation measures, which are given in terms of the demand density that can be accommodated by the systems, as a function of the system characteristics and the area covered. KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automobiles KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Clamps KW - Direct current KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy requirements KW - Guideways KW - Light rail transit KW - Line haul KW - Line haul transport KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Passengers KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Pollution KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/50609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159375 AU - RRC International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT BUS REQUIREMENTS STUDY. OPERATIONS OF SMALL BUSES IN URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1975/07 SP - 153 p. AB - The report investigates the operating environment of small buses in the U.S. and relates them to vehicle requirements. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Human factors engineering KW - Market surveys KW - Minibuses KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137320 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1975/07 SP - 120 p. AB - The report reviews the fourth year's efforts of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Urban Rapid Rail Vehicle and Systems Program. The objective of the Program is to enhance the attractiveness of rail rapid transit to the urban traveler by providing him with transit vehicles that are as comfortable, reliable, safe and economical as possible. Accomplishments for the year included the following: Completion of the five-city test and evaluation of the SOAC cars; progress from the preliminary design phase to delivery of initial test hardware; completion of the integration of a self-synchronous propulsion system, a monomotor truck, and a synchronous brake into the SOAC cars; and preparation of subsystem specifications. KW - Brakes KW - Design KW - Electric brakes KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Monomotor trucks KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Specifications KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00165772 AU - RRC International, Incorporated TI - OPERATIONS OF SMALL BUSES IN URBAN TRANSIT SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1975/07 SP - 153 p. AB - The overall objective of the Small Bus Project is the development of a general and performance specification for an advanced small urban transit bus. It is a six-phase program designed to insure that final vehicle specifications would evolve from a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the operating environment and thus have a broad applicability. The Small Bus Project is presented in six separate reports: 1) Operations of Small Buses in Urban Transit Service in the United States. This report investigates the operating environment of small buses in the U.S. and relates them to vehicle requirements; 2) Bus Characteristics Needed for Elderly and Handicapped in Urban Travel. Constraints imposed on bus design by the elderly and handicapped are outlined; 3) Operating Profiles and Small Bus Performance Requirements in Urban Transit Service. This report develops a set of operating profiles and service requirements as the basis for specifications for a new small urban transit bus to meet the identified operational needs; 4) Guidelines for the Design of Future Small Transit Buses and Bus Stops to Accommodate the Elderly and Handicapped. This report presents scenarios for the future uses and market of small buses, as well as the conceptual design for three vehicle configurations to assess the feasibility of meeting design requirements; 5) General and Performance Specifications for a Small Urban Transit Bus. Requirements for an advanced design coach which may be used for both demand-responsive and general service on urban arterial streets are presented; 6) Small Transit Bus Requirements Study. This report summarizes the findings presented in the five project reports. /FHWA/ KW - Aged KW - Bus stops KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Highway operations KW - Minibuses KW - Operations KW - Performance based specifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Traffic KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/56240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093938 AU - Ludwick, J C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UNCONDITIONALLY PREEMPTIVE BUS PRIORITY SYSTEM: SUMMARY OF SIMULATION RESULTS PY - 1975/07 SP - 39 p. AB - A large number of simulation runs of an urban network traffic model have been used to evaluate a Bus Priority System (BPS) algorithm that automatically grants a green signal to buses as they approach an intersection. BPS was found to provide substantial travel time improvements (20 to 30 percent) to buses in local service (frequent stops) at all headways, to buses in limited service (infrequent bus stops), and to express service (no bus stops) at headways of one minute and less. The disrupting effect of BPS on cross-street traffic is much less when far-side bus stops instead of near-side bus stops are used. The use of BPS also reduced the delaying effect of buses on other bus-street traffic. For all conditions tested, total passenger travel time per hour of system operation improved when BPS was used. KW - Bus priority KW - Buses KW - Highway traffic control KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Networks KW - Simulation KW - Time KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic control systems KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30548 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093920 AU - Nussbaum, E AU - Rebibo, K K AU - Wilhelm, E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RUCUS (RUN CUTTING AND SCHEDULING) IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL PY - 1975/07 SP - 198 p. AB - The Run Cutting and Scheduling (RUCUS) package is a set of computer programs designed to assist transit properties in developing headway sheets, scheduling vehicles, and making driver work assignments. RUCUS has been extensively field-tested and is currently supporting the scheduling activities at a number of properties. The package, which is now available to the transit industry (through the Transportations Systems Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts) includes detailed program documentation, descriptions of the required input data, output reports and messages, and the program source code. This handbook provides guidance in implementing the RUCUS systems at the user's property, outlining such steps as obtaining and organizing the necessary resources, constructing the initial data base, and using the RUCUS programs. This handbook is to be used as an adjunct to existing documentation which defines in detail the execution of the system programs. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus lines KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Operating strategies KW - Personnel KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Triaxial shear tests KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30519 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00159393 AU - Puget Sound Governmental Conference AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SURVEY OF MASS TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES TO INTERSTATE 90 PY - 1975/07 SP - 168 p. AB - Attempts to complete the Interstate Highway 90 (I-90) project across Lake Washington have been frustrated by legal and public controversy. The 1973 Federal-Aid Highway act added a new policy for local officials: To withdraw an interstate segment from the nationwide Interstate System and substitute a mass transit project in the same urbanized area. The report deals with mass transit substitution alternatives to I-90. Its purpose is to respond to the desire of local officials to learn more about the available transit opportunities to assist them in a decision to withdraw and substitute, or not. This report describes five alternative concepts for transit investments to serve the region with specific project options within each alternative. KW - Economic impacts KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Lake Washington KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Mercer Island (Washington) KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/51052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00182059 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS, FISCAL YEAR 1975 PY - 1975/06/30 SP - 114 p. AB - The purpose of UMTA's RD&D Program is to provide information about possible improvements to urban mass transportation systems which communities can use in selecting the best way to deal with their particular transportation requirements. The principal means of providing this information is through annual publication of the compilation of reports on the status of individual projects. Research projects are intended to produce information about possible improvements in urban mass transportation; development projects involve fabrication, testing and evaluation of new equipment, facilities, systems or methods; and demonstration projects introduce, on an experimental basis, new methods, equipment or systems of urban mass transportation into a representative urban environment. This volume is a supplement to the 1972 comprehensive volume. The directory is divided into the following subject areas: bus transit and paratransit, rail transit, new systems and automation, socioeconomic and special projects, transit planning, and transit management. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus transportation KW - Commuter cars KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Facilities KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Local government KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Safety KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State government KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models and systems KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transit KW - Urban transportation KW - Urban/mass KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Vehicles UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56445/innovationinpubl00unse_10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/75696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133170 AU - International Taxicab Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wells Research Company TI - PROGRAM TAXISTATS: A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING AND ANALYZING TAXICAB COMPANY STATISTICS PY - 1975/06 SP - 62 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study designed to develop software for reporting taxicab company statistics. It provides a general description of the data processing and report generation systems and discusses certain problems and issues associated with the sample design and implementation of the system. Topics addressed in the chapter on system description are: data collection and preliminary file preparation; final file preparation; printing of final reports; schedule problems; and industrywide reports. Appendices contain sample input forms for program taxistats, sample printouts of tables generated by the taxistats program, and examples of industrywide analysis. KW - Automobiles KW - Common carriers KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Passenger transportation KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093945 AU - Cohn, S G AU - Ellis, R H AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company TI - ANALYSIS OF BART'S ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR INTERIM SYSTEM OPERATIONS PY - 1975/06 SP - 30 p. AB - The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) System is the first areawide rail rapid transit system to be built in the United States in 50 years. This system includes 71 miles of track, 34 stations, and such technological advancements as a regenerative braking system plus light, all aluminum cars designed for high acceleration and maximum speeds of 80 miles per hour. This study investigates the historical energy consumption of the BART System, estimates BART's energy consumption for ultimate design service levels (approximately twice the present level), and compares BART's energy consumption to that of other rail rapid transit systems and alternate modes. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Aluminum KW - Braking KW - California KW - Electricity KW - Energy KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel consumption KW - Graphs KW - Graphs charts KW - Heating KW - Illuminating KW - Level of service KW - Lighting systems KW - Maintenance KW - Mode S KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regenerative braking KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Space heating KW - Speed KW - Substitutes KW - Traction KW - Urban transportation KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00143204 AU - Texas Mass Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TEXAS MASS TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION FINAL REPORT PY - 1975/06 SP - 14 p. AB - Three programs were organized--administration, planning, and development. Each program is explained in the report. The following accomplishments are among those cited--the 1975-1990 Texas Transit Development Plan provided the foundation for the comprehensive master plan for public mass transportation development in Texas; establishment of the agency newsletter, Texas Transit Topics, allowed for improved communication channels between the TMTC and the state, Federal, and local political subdivisions, transit operators and interested private citizens; the Third Annual Transit Conference was held March 10 and 11, 1975 in Austin; and, statewide transit operating statistics were aggregated and analyzed for CY 1975, and were then published in the first such report on Texas' total transit operation. KW - City planning KW - Legislation KW - Meetings KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Texas KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/62270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00093441 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1975/06 SP - 512 p. AB - Developed by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the UMTA Transportation Planning System (UTPS) is a collection of IBM System/360-370 computer programs for use in planning multimodal urban transportation systems. The objective of UTPS is to provide transportation planners with readily available, tested, and easy to use planning tools. This document summarizes information on the function and use of the UTPS program. It discusses general program operation and contains each individual program's operating instructions. This manual also describes all UTPS datasets, and explains how UTPS is installed at a user's computing facility. Sections of the manual include system control statements, subject program control statements, program writeup organization, software system description, data file formats, cataloged procedures, and program writeups. KW - Building KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Data systems KW - Facilities KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Installation KW - Manuals KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Multimodal transportation systems KW - Planning KW - Programming manuals KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Software KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30076 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092992 AU - Smoot, C H AU - Uniflo Systems Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN AIR-LEVITATED AIR-PROPELLED, PASSIVE VEHICLE PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1975/06 SP - 117 p. AB - An eight-passenger Uniflo vehicle was tested to 30 ft/sec on enclosed guideway through curved straight and switch sections. The following parameters were measured: ride quality, as 3 axis acceleration; noise emission as perceived by passengers and in area near guideway, vehicle acceleration and service braking, switch response time, levitation air flow and power requirements, propulsion air flow and power requirements, and performance and reliability between -20F and +90F. KW - Advanced systems KW - Air KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Air flow KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Experimental design KW - Flow KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic lines KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Tracked air cushion vehicles KW - Tube systems KW - Tubing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00092398 AU - DeBenedictis, J A AU - Dougherty, E J AU - Franklin Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF VEHICLES AND RELATED SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1975/06 SP - 133 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to determine which manufacturers offer products for over-the-road transportation of elderly and handicapped persons. The report is basically a catalog of small, medium and large transit bus, school bus, and other vehicle manufacturers offering special features to accommodate the elderly and handicapped. It also includes companies which modify vehicles by adding lifts, ramps, wheelchair securement devices and retractable steps for vehicles. Information contained in this report is intended to be a guide for the selection of equipment for purchase. Data were generated by compiling a list of potential manufacturers from registers and mass transit operators. Then, all companies identified were requested, in writing, to send pertinent catalog information. It is recommended that this catalog be updated every three months. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Businesses KW - Catalogs KW - Data collection KW - Directories KW - Handbooks KW - Highway transportation KW - Industrial surveys KW - Industries KW - Information systems KW - Organizations KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Reference groups KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle modification KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/29232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00133421 AU - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Michigan Department of State Highways & Transport TI - SUMMARY STATEMENT OF THE 1990 TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN REGION PY - 1975/06 SP - 78 p. AB - The document presents the 1990 Transportation Plan. It includes a summary of planning work in the Southeast Michigan region throughout the past 10 years, an explanation of SEMCOG forecasting and planning work, a description of the changes to the Plan that took place through public hearings and committee structure processes, and copies of the Plan maps - Highway and Transit Elements. In addition, the document contains a status report on the work in progress in the three sub-study areas of Port Huron, Ann Arbor-Ypsilanti, and the lower tier of the three townships of Whiteford, Bedford, and Erie in Monroe County, and explanation of how the plan serves as a basis for the implementation of transportation improvements, and a preview of annual review and update and the 2000 plan. KW - Highway transportation KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Michigan KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00153960 AU - Rohr Industries, Incorporated AU - Booz-Allen Applied Research, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROHR INDUSTRIES TRANSBUS. PART I. THE ROHR TRANSBUS. PART II. PROGRAM SUMMARY. PART III. SPECIFICATIONS, ANALYSIS, STUDIES AND TEST RESULTS PY - 1975/06 SP - 152 p. AB - Under the Transbus Program three manufacturers each designed and fabricated bus prototypes with design goals that included low floors, wide doors, and other features to improve accessibility and to speed loading and unloading. Rohr built three coaches with a seventeen-inch floor height. This report describes and analyzes the bus design and program effort involved in developing these prototypes. This document consists of three parts: Part 1 is a brief description of the Rohr Transbus that includes summary description of vehicle characteristics and functional elements. Part 2 is a program summary that includes an accounting of design reviews and interim reports shown with a historical milestone chart, as well as discussions on design specification packages, quality assurance, test programs, and technical problems encountered. Part 3 (Appendix to report) consists of detailed voluminous specifications, analyses, studies, and test results. Part 3 is not included in NTIS distribution. KW - Buses KW - Comfort KW - Configuration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Doors KW - Floors KW - Performance based specifications KW - Prototypes KW - Quality assurance KW - Requirement KW - Seats KW - Shape KW - Specifications KW - Transbus KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/48806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00132997 AU - Robinson, M AU - Aronoff, R AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIRECTORY OF SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN THE METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON AREA PY - 1975/06 SP - 67 p. AB - This directory has been prepared to help the elderly, handicapped and others with special needs to find the agency best able to provide the transportation services they require. It presents an overview of services available throughout the Washington metropolitan area and serves as an information source for agencies or researchers engaged in various forms of transportation planning, particularly transportation planning for the elderly and handicapped and others without access to automobiles. Tax-supported agencies, voluntary organizations, health service providers, non-profit and profti making agencies have been included. Distinctions have been made between organizations with volunteers and those with paid drivers. Inclusion of an agency does not imply endorcement; omission does not imply disapproval. The information contained in this directory is current as of June 1, 1975. It will be periodically updated as time and resources allow. Additions and/or corrections are welcomed. For each organization, the following information is provided: contact person; telephone number; eligibility requirements; geographic area served (description of routes and schedules); operating hours; trip purposes; fare; service type; number of vehicles; types of vehicles; capacity of vehicles; number of persons served; percentage characteristics; length of time providing service; and, whether it is a profit or non-profit organization. /UMTA/ KW - Aged KW - Directories KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Level of service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/41311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00094016 AU - Dougherty, E J AU - DeBenedictis, J A AU - Franklin Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Washington, D.C. TI - A STUDY ON MAKING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES ACCESSIBLE TO THE HANDICAPPED AND ELDERLY SN - PA-06-0031 PY - 1975/06 SP - 101 p. AB - The study presents a classification scheme for vertical circulation devices, a classification scheme for fixed facilities, a station questionnaire for recording barriers and a transit user scenario which considers psychological as well as physical barriers. Vertical circulation devices currently used in transportation facilities, their assets and shortcomings are detailed. New concepts of vertical circulation are grouped into ramp, stair, escalator and elevator devices. The concepts are designed to stimulate creative design approaches to the problem. Conclusions center around the applicability of existing circulation devices, the aspect of human engineering, problems related to various devices, and improvements concerning escalators and elevators. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Elevators KW - Escalators KW - Facilities KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Human factors engineering KW - Lifts KW - Minorities KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Ramps KW - Structural design KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/30582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00137359 AU - Beglinger, R E AU - Behnam, J AU - Marquette University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - EFFECT OF ENERGY SHORTAGE AND LAND USE ON AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANCY RATE PY - 1975/06 SP - 39 p. AB - The problem of congested freeways and the low levels of service during the rush hour period is one of the prime concerns in urban transportation. In recent years considerable attention has been directed toward increasing the occupancy rate of automobiles on the freeway system in an effort to reduce the freeway congestion. This report attempts to investigate the characteristics of the automobile occupancy rates in the Milwaukee metropolitan area by analyzing data for a four year period to determine the effects of gasoline shortage, land use characteristics, and peak-hour periods on occupancy rates. The fluctuation in the occupancy rates was statistically examined by segregating the land use characteristics of the area into two classifications of low and high intensity areas. Furthermore, the statistical analyses were extended to examine the effects of price increases and unavailability of gasoline on the occupancy rates during the conduct of the study. KW - Automobiles KW - Classification KW - Correlation analysis KW - Daily KW - Distributions (Statistics) KW - Energy resources KW - Energy shortages KW - Freeways KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuel shortages KW - Fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Impacts KW - Land use KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Rates pertime KW - Shortages KW - Statistical analysis KW - Supply KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic surveys KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00136988 AU - Kovacs, A Z AU - Shaw, G B AU - Weiss, R F AU - Nelson, JKJ AU - Dayton University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GRAVITY ASSISTED MASS TRANSIT PY - 1975/06 SP - 120 p. AB - In fixed guideway transit with established station stops, the propulsion energy can be reduced by grading the guideway downward on leaving the station (using gravity to assist in the acceleration) and grading upward on arrival at the next station (again using gravity, but this time to assist in the braking). A computerized conceptual cost model has been developed incorporating parameters relating to required elevated structures and required dynamical considerations. The increase in total cost required to construct a station stop at a given elevation above the guideway level between stops is calculated by the computer program to be compared with the resultant decrease in energy consumed in acceleration and deceleration. Because today's costs are extremely uncertain, unit costs are input by the user to determine the increased construction and operating costs and the resultant energy savings. The program outputs suggestions for structural design and associated cost data. KW - Advanced systems KW - Analysis KW - Braking KW - Braking performance KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost models KW - Costs KW - Elevated guideways KW - Energy conservation KW - Gravitation KW - Gravity KW - Gravity augmentation KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Kinetic energy KW - Mechanical guides KW - Operating costs KW - Railroad stations KW - Slopes KW - Structural design KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/42637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00127048 AU - Cheaney, E S AU - Hoess, J A AU - Thompson, R E AU - Svehla, R L AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Naval Underwater Systems Center TI - SAFETY IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: GUIDELINES MANUAL AND RESEARCH REPORT SUMMARY PY - 1975/05/05 SP - 101 p. AB - An investigation was carried out with the purpose of providing information and reporting the results of analyses about the current level of safety and the need for additional safety effort in urban mass transit. The Research Report Summary outlines the steps followed in the investigation, and serves as an introduction to the final report which is now in preparation and will contain a full presentation of data on the safety performance of all passenger transportation modes, comparative analyses of their safety problems, and the rationale underlying the strategy and practice of safety management recommended in the report and reflected in the guidelines manual. The manual presents a series of organizational and technical safety guidelines designed for use of the transit management community. The guidelines are intended to show how the transit industry--supplier firms and operators--can develop programs that will assure satisfactory operational safety levels. By describing ways in which suppliers and operators can set logical safety goals and establish organizations and engineering procedures to attain them, the manual sets forth a model for industry management and for basing the interaction, regarding safety, between pertinent Government agencies and the transit industry. The manual covers the following topics in separate chapters: foundations of safety in urban mass transportation; safety management and planning; techniques for safety analysis; trade-off considerations; system safety data base; safety standards and specifications; and intermodal interface safety considerations. These guidelines are in the form of suggested or recommended parctices accompanied by explanation. They are designed to have a considerable latitude of user interpretation so they can fit the wide variety of specific situations found in the transit industry. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Data KW - Guidelines KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Planning KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Standards KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/28777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00095685 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT CAR COSTS. A REVIEW ANALYSIS AND PROJECTIONS PY - 1975/05 SP - 158 p. AB - The purpose of the report is to provide the elected officials and technical staffs involved in transportation planning in Southern California with some essential background data to the planning efforts for rail transit. Considering the lead time between planning and implementation and the current rate of inflation and technological advances being engineered into rail transit vehicles, this paper attempts to forecast car costs for rapid transit, commuter rail and light rail vehicles. The operational characteristics of each of the rail systems is discussed under System Characteristics. This includes headways, speeds, power etc., as well as, a tabulation of the equipment used by each operator and a summarization of system characteristics. The Analysis chapter looks at the division of the rail car market by the manufacturers. It also compares the expenditures made for each of commuter rail, rapid transit and light rail transit by City, by Transit Property and by Type of Equipment including a further breakdown for locomotive-hauled cars versus electrically-propelled cars. The Prognosis chapter attempts to forecast what cars will cost between 1975 and 1980 based on a complete documentation of all car orders between 1962 and the present. A major finding of the study has been the possible cost projection for the various rail car types in use throughout the U.S. and Canada and what the cost of equipment suitable for the Los Angeles area might be. KW - Analysis KW - Commuter cars KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Investments KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/32040 ER -