TY - RPRT AN - 00381025 AU - Logar, C M AU - PITMAN, G AU - Rinks, D B AU - Scherr, F C AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF PRICING STRUCTURES AND FARE COLLECTION SYSTEMS FOR INTEGRATED LOCAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1983/01 SP - 122 p. AB - One way to reduce inconvenience, and thus increase ridership, is to integrate the transit systems of a metropolitan area. Routes can be co-planned for easier rider transfers and cost savings may result from the elimination of redundant routes. Integrated fare collection may be easier for riders and save the systems collection expense as well. The purpose of this report is to address several issues in the fare setting and collection of integrated systems. Three interconnected aspects of the pricing of integrated transit systems are examined: These are: 1) the methodology for pricing transit trips within an integrated system; 2) the fare collection methodology for an integrated system; 3) the revenue allocation among participants in an integrated system. Information was gathered from publications and officials of transit properties in six metropolitan areas. A list of critical pricing considerations in integrated systems is developed based on suggestions in the literature and officials' opinions. Basic fare collection methodologies are discussed, and the flash pass/magnetic strip system is recommended for many integrations. A framework for assessing revenue-cost distribution models is developed. The report concludes with the presentation and demonstration of a process model for making fare decisions for integrated systems. KW - Allocations KW - Coordination KW - Cost allocation KW - Fare collection KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Transfers KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381043 AU - Tomazinis, A R AU - MITCHELL, R B AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROLE, FUNCTION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS PY - 1983/01 SP - n.p. AB - The main objective of this research project is to explore the effectiveness of the Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) in this country through the use of an indepth analysis of two representative MPOs and the systematic scanning of another 16 such organizations representative of the various conditions and circumstances prevailing in the different regions of the country. In order to assess the effectiveness of the MPO agencies, the project included the role and function of these agencies. Further, the project focused on regional planning instrumentalities that have been formally designated by the Governor of each state as MPOs, as required by Federal regulations. The MPOs that were selected for an in-depth analysis are the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission and the Wilmington Metropolitan Area Planning and Coordinating Council. The research approached in the analysis was based on extensive interviews, detailed review of numerous documents, and actual observation of the operations of the agencies. The findings of this research effort suggest that the MPOs are, in general, performing effectively in dispensing the strict Federal and State programmatic objectives. Most of the MPO agencies were created to meet the Federal 3C requirements and to bring to each region as much Federal funding as possible. The report points out that these objectives are being well met in most cases, but that the effectiveness of MPOs is rather limited in delivering regional planning services to the regions in a broad enough framework that encompasses developmental planning and strategic regional planning. The report concludes that a primary factor in improving the regional planning effectiveness of MPOs seems to be the increase of the appreciation of these agencies locally, an increase of the work program flexibility of the agencies themselves, and an improvement of their funding capability to undertake work well beyond the Federal and State programmatic tasks. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Effectiveness KW - Functional organization KW - Legislation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Wilmington (Delaware) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381030 AU - Yu, J C AU - Pang, LMG AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING OF TRANSPORTATION COST REDUCTIONS THROUGH ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES PY - 1983/01 SP - n.p. AB - For many urban transportation agencies, energy conservation is one of the important goals in the development of their respective transportation programs. However, there is currently little information available to determine which strategies to implement and in which order to apply each of these strategies. This report responds to these concerns and details an analytical methodology for developing a comprehensive transportation energy conservation (TEC) program within an urban environment. Such a methodology is needed because of the high cost and the projected shortage of energy, the lack of an effective and comprehensive TEC evaluation tool, and the requirement for the optimal allocation of limited transportation funds. The objectives of this research were to: 1) compile data on TEC strategies through a literature search and contacts with concerned agencies in the United States; 2) identify and assess impact measures relative to TEC strategies; 3) develop a cost-effectiveness methodology for evaluating and ranking the various TEC strategies under given situations; and 4) apply the developed methodology to real-world cases in order to demonstrate its usefulness and practicability. A number of desirable features incorporated into the methodology are: 1) a comprehensive accounting of all relevant TEC strategy impacts; 2) an approach to assure compatibility among tangible and intangible impacts; 3) the link of the theoretical framework to the actual decision-making process; 4) the application of the multiattribute utility theory to the subjective impact assessment; and 5) an employment of the cost-effectiveness concepts. The case study demonstrated in this report of the Salt Lake City Metropolitan Area in Utah has demonstrated the methodology's utility, ease of application, and favorability by decision-makers and responsible agencies. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Energy conservation KW - Impact studies KW - Operating strategies KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381021 AU - Maze, T H AU - Knasnabis, S AU - Kutsal, M AU - DUTTA, U AU - Wayne State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OT TOTAL SYSTEM COSTS RELATED TO BUS GARAGE AND NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS PY - 1983/01 SP - 100 p. AB - Until recently, very little state-of-the-art research had been conducted on developing analytical techniques to aid in planning bus garages. Within the last two years, two have been developed. Although these two techniques are structured differently, both consider the transit network as being fixed. But, because transit networks are flexible and pullout and pullin points and route paths change, they are not actually fixed. The objective of the research presented in this report is to develop a methodology which treats both size and location of garages and the block design as dynamic. The report discusses the development of a mathematical model to locate and size garages optimally while simultaneously assigning runs to blocks. The model is tested with a small scale diagnostic problem. A case study exercise, using the northeast third of the transit system of the Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority, is also presented. The purpose of this case study is to demonstrate the applicability of the model on an actual transit network. The overall conclusion of this study is that the proposed methodology is a viable approach for analyzing the problem of garage location and sizing when garage location and size, as well as block designs, are dynamic in nature. It is recommended that more efficient techniques be found, following the principles of network flow techniques, rather than a general purpose linear program. KW - Bus garages KW - Bus routes KW - Linear programming KW - Location KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Optimization KW - Size KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380129 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK, JANUARY 1983 PY - 1983/01 SP - 80 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) microcomputer references and training and; 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. Much of the information contained in this document will probably be rapidly replaced by newer or better material. An update to this edition of Microcomputers in Transportation will be published within the near future. KW - Computer programs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Microcomputers KW - Minicomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Software KW - Traffic engineering KW - Training KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373773 AU - Boyle, D K AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING: QUANTIFYING THE NEED FOR TRANSIT ACTIONS PY - 1983/01 SP - 111 p. AB - This report provides a simple, rapid method for anticipating or reacting to a peak-hour transit capacity problem brought about by an energy shortfall. The first step is determining when peak-hour capacity should be increased on a given route. This is done through use of the Capacity Problem Index (CPI) developed here. A worksheet is provided for calculating the CPI, and the results lead the transit operator directly to recommendations for what should be done to increase peak-hour capacity. Three packages of recommendations are provided for use depending on the severity of the peak-hour capacity problem. The body of the report serves as a manual for transit operators wishing either to plan for various energy scenarios or to take action in a crisis. The appendices contain a more detailed analysis, including sections on the evaluation of peak-hour capacity-expending options, the responses of 45 transit operators to the 1979 energy shortfall, and the development of the Capacity Problem Index. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus routes KW - Capacity KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Express buses KW - Operating strategies KW - Park and ride KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - School buses KW - Staggered work hours UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372875 AU - Englisher, L S AU - Wexler, A L AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESSIBLE BUS SERVICE IN THE WASHINGTON, DC, METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1983/01 SP - 336 p. AB - The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) began operation of lift-equipped fixed-route service on several of its Metrobus routes in July 1979. Using 151 Flxible buses equipped with Vapor front-door lift devices, WMATA made 8% of its weekday (and a higher percentage of weekend) bus trips accessible to wheelchair and semiambulatory disabled. The UMTA Service and Management Demonstrations Program provided grants to WMATA and George Washington University Rehabilitation Research and Training Center to develop and conduct driver and consumer training activities and to perform surveys and data collection to enable an evaluation of the project. This evaluation report describes the implementation and operation of the lift-equipped service and investigates issues related to equipment design, service quality, travel behavior and operator productivity. Among the evaluation's key conclusions is that disabled individuals, like other potential passengers, are quite sensitive to service convenience and reliability, and that ridership will not develop if there are serious deficiencies in these characteristics. With only partially accessible Metrobus service scheduled and only 80% of scheduled service provided, lift ridership averaged only seven to eight boardings per day. The users, primarily young, male, affluent and mobile, were atypical of the disabled public. While these individuals indicated a preference for fixed-route service over door-to-door service, follow-up surveys showed few continuing riders. Despite favorable attitudes toward the fixed-route service concept, non-users cited barriers such as curbs as significant deterrents to their use of Metrobus. While ridership was too small to affect operator schedules, the maintenance and repair costs combined with low ridership made total per trip costs quite expensive, over $300 per trip. Although the lift equipment underwent modifications to overcome initial difficulties, lift damages and repairs remained a major problem. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Bus drivers KW - Equipment KW - Fixed routes KW - Implementation KW - Operations KW - Operator performance KW - Personnel performance KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Travel behavior KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507403 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Guadalupe Corridor transportation project, Santa Clara County : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161655 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Sacramento light rail transit project : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final Appendix KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161654 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Washington Metrorail system, Green Line (E route), West Hyattsvile segment FS-1 : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070665 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Los Angeles rail rapid transit project, Metro Rail : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: D,F,FDsup,FDsupA, FDsupB,FDsupC (1992),FsupA(1988),FsupB(1992); Union Station to Wilshire-Alvarado EA B1; Comments and responses on the EA B2; Draft subsequent environmental impact report B3 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070662 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - San Juan urban core transit system, Agua to Guagua : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070661 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MUNI J Line connection project, San Francisco : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070659 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Jacksonville metropolitan area transit improvement alternatives : environmental impact statement PY - 1983///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Draft supplement to the final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00948944 AU - ALBRIGHT, RICHARD AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Technical Information Service TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SELECTING A SINGLE-USER SYSTEM. PY - 1983 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Microcomputers KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00948876 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: UMTA/FHWA ACTIVITIES IN MICROCOMPUTER SUPPORT FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TRANSIT OPERATIONS.. PY - 1983 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601861 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00904408 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT: LOS ANGELES RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.. PY - 1983 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Public transit KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00904407 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADDENDUM TO THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT: LOS ANGELES RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.. PY - 1983 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Public transit KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387702 AU - OFEGRO, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GRADUATED-BASED FARE COLLECTION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983 SP - 5 p. AB - This examination of several studies and research projects on the topic of graduated fare systems suggests that consideration must be given to issues of equity and efficiency in fare structures. While graduated fare systems may work in some communities, there may be operating difficulties elsewhere. A study in Albany, N.Y., showed that a medium size city can switch from flat fares to a distance-based structure and increase its revenue without losing riders while operating a system that is equitable. A California study found that implementing graduated fares would incur higher administrative costs and pose inconvenience for passengers. Careful consideration must be given to every element necessary for the transistion from flat to graduated gares. While there are a number of successful applications on rapid transit systems, there are few bus systems using graduated fares. It is expected that the situation will change as the potential of graduated fares is more fully exploited. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Graduated fares KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Pricing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772366 AU - Soot, Siim AU - Stenson, H H AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT INFORMATION AND TRANSIT KNOWLEDGE : THE CHICAGO EXPERIENCE PY - 1983 SP - iv, 63 p. AB - This report uses the Chicago area as a case study in the question of properly providing transit information to potential users. The authors state that urban residents have a lack of knowledge about the basic geography of their metropolitan area and that greater emphasis should be placed on consumer-oriented information aids KW - Information display systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488986 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00772371 AU - Phillips, Robert O AU - Wilson-Hill Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPUTERIZED CUSTOMER INFORMATION SYSTEM (CCIS) AT THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1983 SP - xx, 148 p. AB - This report documents a series of data collection efforts carried out in connection with automated transit information system deployment in the Customer Information Section of the marketing Department at the Southern California Rapid transit District in Los Angeles. The system Computerized Customer Information System (CCIS), was implemented with UMTA funding in order to make telephone information more efficient KW - Advanced traveler information systems KW - Buses KW - Information systems KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488990 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385466 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TROLLEY BUS: WHERE IT IS AND WHERE IT'S GOING PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - 64 p. AB - The application of trolley bus systems to modern day transportation needs was the principal focus of a four day exploration of current technology and uses around the world. Highlighted at the meeting were not only those transit systems that use trolley buses but also specific developments in areas such as vehicle types, infrastructure and propulsion systems. Improved reliability, good looks and economy have given the trolley bus a new lease on life. No one expects the trolley bus to replace the existing transit modes but it is believed that the trolley system can provide a viable alternative in high density metropolitan areas. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Bus transit KW - City planning KW - Economics KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Trolleybuses KW - Vehicle power plants UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203237 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390202 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barbatti, John AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMS OPERATIONS. SYSTEMS OPERATIONS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 43 AB - Demand analysis methods usually predict transit travel by using models derived from highway planning practice. Until the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962, highway and transit planning were done separately; The legislation required comprehensive, continuing and coordinated planning. Traditional transportation planning is based on aggregate sequential demand models which forecast the number of trips being produced or attracted to a particular location; the trips are then allocated to travel zone by mode and logical travel routes. Predicting transit travel demand has resulted in an overemphasis on capital investment and underemphasis on service design. Transit demand analysis should be based on the fact that transit is a commodity to be packaged, priced and sold. Techniques for analyzing transit demand must be compatible with a systems management planning process. Unlike the highway demand methods, transit systems have the potential to compile a complete data set daily which could allow adjustments based on a trend. The difficulty is that equipment and techniques for doing this are usually beyond the resources of the average transit system. Because future transit services will be competing in a more deregulated environment, analytical methods must recognize that there are numerous transit products, including taxis, vans and regular transit vehicles. Operations managers require a market-oriented approach to travel demand that postures alternatives in terms of service variables. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Cooperation KW - Highway planning KW - Legislation KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Operating strategies KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209773 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390204 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Broeg, Werner AU - Ampt, Elizabeth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON DATA NEEDS AND COLLECTION. STATE OF THE ART IN THE COLLECTION OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOR DATA PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p. 48-62 AB - This paper describes the state of the art in data collection for travel behavior by using examples that represent the most recent advances in several areas of measurement. Sampling methods, the design and implementation of different survey instruments, the correction of travel data and the use of interactive measurement techniques are approached in this manner. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Data collection KW - Sampling KW - Surveys KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209775 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390223 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Maring, Gary E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. STATE OF THE PRACTICE: INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 189-196 AB - Financing of transportation improvements emerged as a significant issue in the latter part of the 1970s and is becoming the key issue of the 1980s. Financing mechanisms at the local level are the primary focus, looking at medium and longer-range financial planning (5-15 years) and not at near-term accounting and budgeting. Local financing mechanisms for highway and transit are categorized: Local highway financing--User-pay mechanisms, and nonuser mechanisms; Local transit financing--Broad based taxes and revenue sources, charges on motor vehicle users, charges on property benefitting from transit, borrowing strategies, joint ventures with the private sector. States and localities are faced with problems in existing revenue sources: Revenue base is not sensitive to inflation, fluctuating fuel consumption, fluctuating construction costs, sensitivity to social and political pressures, and increasing demands for transportation facilities, services and maintenance. Specific solutions to financing are unique to each local area; new state and local revenue sources must be found. Some interaction will be necessary among transportation plans, financial plans and land use plans. Intergovernmental responsibilities for budgeting, short-range fiscal analyses and long-term financial planning must be clarified. Responsive analytical techniques are needed. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Highway planning KW - Institutional issues KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Local government KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Needs assessment KW - Politics KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Social factors KW - Taxation KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209794 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00393067 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brunso, James M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON RIDESHARING AND OTHER OPERATIONS STRATEGIES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 8-9 AB - The purpose of this workshop was to identify strategies to maintain mobility during energy and transportation crises. The focus of the workshop was on developing strategies that can be used under the current free-market approach to regulation and allocation of fuel supplies. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Free market KW - Operating strategies KW - Private enterprise KW - Ridesharing KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211316 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389969 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Winkler, Ronald L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING AHEAD FOR ENERGY EMERGENCIES: WHOSE JOB IS IT ANYWAY? PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 25-29 AB - The author, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Emergencies, U.S. Department of Energy, discusses the federal viewpoint on energy contingency planning for transportation in urban areas. He includes issues such as responsibility, cooperation, innovation, and looking ahead to find solutions for today's problems. He concludes that the Department of Energy's goal is to reduce the vulnerability of this nation's to energy supply disruptions through primary reliance on the marketplace, coupled with the use of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and other market-based responses to energy emergencies. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Federal government KW - Free market KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - State government KW - U.S. Department of Energy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209637 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389976 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Humphrey, Thomas F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TOWARD STRATEGIES FOR CALM AND ORDER DURING AN ENERGY EMERGENCY PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 60-64 AB - The purpose of this paper is to present background information based on a project completed in February 1982 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Transportation Studies (MIT/CTS) under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The purpose of this project was to develop passenger transportation contingency strategies for implementation at the state and local levels to deal with a sudden interruption in the supply of petroleum in the new environment of price decontrol. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Calm and order KW - Consumers KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Free market KW - Mobility KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Rapid transit KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209644 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389983 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN URBAN AREAS PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - 103 p. AB - The specific objective of this conference was to assess the state of energy contingency planning, with particular emphasis on the following four issues: (1) Progress in energy contingency planning since the 1979-1980 energy crisis; (2) The new environment of deregulation with determination of the impact on contingency planning; (3) The role of private industry and state and local government officials in contingency planning; and (4) Need to change responses to energy contingency planning in the new environment of deregulation. This report is a summary of the proceedings of the conference. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Deregulation KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - State government KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209651 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00393070 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Michael, Sarah C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON STATE AND LOCAL PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 13-14 AB - Three issues were discussed in the workshop on state and local planning: emergency energy economic response programs, institutional roles and contingency planning, and the need for technical information. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Businesses KW - Contingency planning KW - Economic development KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Institutional issues KW - Local government KW - Planning KW - State government KW - Technical assistance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211319 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389979 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dare, Charles E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RURAL ISSUES IN ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - p. 74-84 AB - The objectives of this paper are: (1) Provide several insights pertaining to rural population distribution and characteristics of the rural vehicle fleet and rural travel; (2) Identify specific problems that might arise if a petroleum shortfall of sufficient magnitude and duration to affect rural areas were encountered; and (3) Suggest a set of institutional arrangements that could provide effective communication links and facilitate implementation of coping measures in rural areas and small cities. Data are first presented on the United States, then the focus shifts to the state of Missouri and a six-counties rural area served by the council of governments known as the Meramec Regional Planning Commission. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Aged KW - Carpools KW - Contingency planning KW - Demographics KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Local government KW - Rural areas KW - State government KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209647 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389980 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bloch, Arnold J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT FUEL SUPPLY DURING OIL DISRUPTIONS: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 85-89 AB - The following questions are addressed in this paper: (1) How has decontrol affected the ability of public transportation to operate in an emergency situation; (2) How are transit systems dealing with decontrol; and (3) What options are available to resolve transit fuel supply problems raised by decontrol. The discussion concentrates on diesel fuel supply, which represents 98 percent of transit bus fuel consumption, as well as the source of power for some of the nation's commuter rail systems. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Contingency planning KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Free market KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209648 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00393066 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Swyer, Jacqueline AU - Steinmann, Richard AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON FUEL SUPPLY STRATEGIES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - p 7 AB - Alternative strategies to ensure fuel supplies for transit and other local government operations in an emergency were examined in this workshop. Discussion focused on the resource paper, Fuel Supply Strategies: A Local Perspective, by Swyer (Part III, Session 4 of these proceedings). Alternative strategies discussed included: (1.) Enhanced fuel storage obtained by purchase or lease of existing storage facilities or construction of new facilities. Such facilities could be either centralized at a single location or decentralized at several location (e.g., individual bus garages); (2.) Assured supply agreements including options to buy fuel in prespecified quantities; (3.) Intergovernmental cooperatives designed to increase the buying power of local agencies by presenting a unified, larger purchaser to the marketplace; (4.) Contracting with suppliers for fuel storage. (5.) Trading (hedging) on the fuel futures market; (6.) Making fuel-purchasing arrangements with current suppliers; and (7.) Changing fuel-purchasing procedures to ensure that the procurement process and contract terms are relevant to the market. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Fuel storage KW - Purchasing KW - Strategic planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211315 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389975 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brunso, James M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HOW CONSUMERS COPE WITH TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCIES: THE NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY EXPERIENCES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 57-60 AB - This paper studies the ways in which urban areas cope when mobility becomes limited. As an illustration of limited mobility, the paper takes the case of the strike of two commuter rail lines in New York City and suburban New York and New Jersey. The two rail lines were striking concerning work rules, but all bus lines, subways, and PATH lines continued to operate. In this transportation emergency, transit demonstrated that given the time to consider a limited emergency, it can cope extremely well. In conclusion, plans must now be made that include comprehensive strategies for all modes of transportation, agreements between public sector agencies as well as between the public and private sectors, and funds must be designated to develop and implement plans. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Mobility KW - New Jersey KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Strikes KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209643 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389977 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Friedman, Thomas W AU - Janarthanan, N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A COMPUTER-AIDED APPROACH TO ENERGY CONTINGENCY ROUTE PLANNING FOR TRANSIT USING TNOP PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 65-68 AB - In this study the use of a computerized transit planning package is tested for analyzing the demand patters and for deriving high-performance plans for serving different fixed-demand levels. The interactive graphic Transit Network Optimization System (TNOP) is a set of computer programs for use in designing and evaluating the performance of alternative bus and rail systems. TNOP is designed to analyze fixed-route, fixed schedule transit systems. One of several recent applications of TNOP for energy contingency planning at Seattle Metro is described in this paper. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Computer aided design KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programs KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Interactive graphics KW - Optimization KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Route choice KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209645 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389982 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cox, Wendell AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 99-100 AB - We are entering an era of increased public-private cooperation in addressing public issues. This paper addresses the role that can be played by the private sector to maintain urban mobility in an energy emergency. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bus transportation KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Private enterprise KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Strategic planning KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209650 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389971 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barker, William G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LOCAL EXPERIENCE PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 35-36 AB - This paper discusses the experiences of several local governments in implementing energy contingency plans that were started after the 1973-1974 Arab oil embargo. These plans were developed by a variety of agencies--from rideshare agencies to transit operators to metroplitan planning organizations. The author concludes that energy shortages are primarily local problems and therefore energy contingency planning should take place at the local and state levels. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Information dissemination KW - Local government KW - State government KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209639 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389973 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Winkler, Ronald L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE MARKET SYSTEM (ABRIDGMENT) PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 52-54 AB - The author discusses some specifics of the Department of Energy (DOE) programs and provides some background on the free-market approach versus allocation and price controls and why DOE has taken such an approach. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Free market KW - Private enterprise KW - U.S. Department of Energy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209641 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389970 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, Martin E H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF APPROACHES TO DEMAND RESTRAINT IN TRANSPORT ENERGY CONTINGENCIES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 30-34 AB - This paper takes a global perspective and offers some generalizations about the states of transport energy contingency planning since 1979 in the International Engergy Agency (IEA) countries, and comments on the experience of several countries that have endured fuel shortages. It concludes that the IEA countries have gained valuable lessons from the relatively minor shortfalls of the past decade, but few countries are in a position to rapidly implement contingency measures that are equal to the management of a protracted fuel shortage in excess of 10 or 15 percent. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Australia KW - Canada KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Government policies KW - Netherlands KW - New Zealand KW - Policy KW - Rationing KW - Supply KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209638 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389972 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hartgen, David T AU - Brunso, James M AU - Neveu, Alfred J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INITIAL AND SUBSEQUENT CONSUMER RESPONSE TO GASOLINE SHORTAGES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 37-51 AB - In this paper, U.S. consumer responses to gasoline shortages are reviewed, and the probable response to future crises is assessed. Consumer responses to shortages are divided into: (a) aggregate studies of trends in traffic counts, transit use, gasoline consumption, and similar statistics and (b) studies of households and consumer responses. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Consumers KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit usage KW - Response KW - Ridership KW - Supply KW - Traffic counts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209640 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389966 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - COX, W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPENING REMARKS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN URBAN AREAS PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 17-18 AB - These opening remarks highlight certain aspects of American urban areas, previons energy emergencies, the implications of energy contingency planning, and point out that the conference will examine the progress of energy contingency planning since the 1979 emergency. It is noted that the success of energy contingency planning will depend upon American urban areas being viewed as they are today and not as they were in the past. Meeting the needs of complex urban areas will require multiple strategies. Public transit is limited in its reliability during an energy emergency. It is pointed out that existing resources must be used to the fullest in energy contingency planning, eliminating the need for additional public expenditures. The conference will examine the implications of the free market approach in addressing energy contingency planning. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Competition KW - Conferences KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209634 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389968 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hood, Richard AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT COOPERATION ON ENERGY STRATEGIES PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 22-25 AB - This paper describes the GM Urban Energy Assessment (UEA) program, whose purpose was to understand the energy future in total concept--economics as well as technology. Begun in 1978, the program involved 3 years of cooperation with 26 local jurisdictions in 5 regions of the United States. Discussed here are the four phases of the program: (a) program planning and goals; (b) data gathering; (c) plans for subsequent phases, and (d) conclusions. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - General Motors Corporation KW - Local government KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209636 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389967 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Anderson, A C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 19-21 AB - The author reviews, from a supplier's viewpoint, some of his own experiences with emergency preparedness during the last few years. The conclusions are that the development of detailed state-level plans, the dialogue between the states and the petroleum industry, and the willingness on the part of all sides to communicate, have been the key element of progress, that the new environment of the free market left some uncertainty in the minds of many state officials and metropolitan planners, that the Department of Energy will play a coordinating role, but that the real responsibility for energy contingency planning has been moved to the state level. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Free market KW - Local government KW - Petroleum industry KW - Private enterprise KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209635 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389974 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Swyer, Jacqueline AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUEL SUPPLY STRATEGIES: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 55-57 AB - In the event of a major disruption in fuel supply, transit operators have no emergency fuel supply security other than reserve arrangements they have made themselves. Faced with the absence of federal regulations and possible energy uncertainty, the municipality of metropolitan Seattle (Metro) made a policy decision to secure its own fuel reserve. This paper covers fuel supplies and future fuel requirements, determination of a location for fuel storage, security, quality control management, environmental considerations, and cost. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuel storage KW - Fuels KW - Public transit KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Supply KW - Transit operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209642 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00393068 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Humphrey, Thomas F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON STRATEGIES FOR CALM AND ORDER PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 10-11 AB - State, federal government agencies and the private sector must be involved in developing and implementing strategies in case of an energy shortfall. The following strategies are essential: (1) Provide accurate, credible, and timely information before, at the onset, and during an energy emergency; (2) Pre-shortfall actions must take place; and (3) Actions should be taken at the beginning of and during shortfall. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Calm and order KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Free market KW - Local government KW - Media KW - Private enterprise KW - Psychological aspects KW - Public information KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211317 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00393069 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shirley, Earl C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON STATE AND LOCAL PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - p 12 AB - This workshop reviewed the status of state and local energy contingency plans, the mechanisms for plan implementation, and the private sector role. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/211318 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389978 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schueftan, Oliver AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE AND LOCAL ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING IN TRANSITION PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 69-73 AB - Summarized in this paper are the results of an earlier study conducted for the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) on selected case studies of state and local responses to the 1979 fuel shortage. The transition undergone by energy contingency planning in response to recent trends in the supply and demand for petroleum and the changing role of the federal government is described. This transition, and the implications for state and local energy contingency planning, is illustrated through reference to ongoing contingency planning efforts in the state of Mayrland. The changing environmnet under which contingency planning is now occurring has resulted in a shift in emphasis on past issues that have arisen in contingency planning and has focused attention on several emerging issues. Some of these issues are identified in the last section of this paper. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Local government KW - Maryland KW - State government KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209646 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00389981 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Davis, Edward L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING: AN UPDATE PY - 1983 IS - 203 SP - pp 89-97 AB - The primary objective of this was to provide an assessment and summary of contingency planning and to make recommendations to organizations updating or preparing new energy contingency plans. To do this the study plans are evaluated according to a set of performance criteria, those strategies that emerge are the most common in the study sample were summarized, and summaries of five case studies of cities that have completed contingency plans are provided. The cities in question are Atlanta, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dallas-Ft. Worth, and Washington D.C. U1 - Conference on Energy Contingency Planning in Urban AreasUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationHouston,Texas,United States StartDate:19830406 EndDate:19830408 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391925 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUDIOVISUAL TRAINING AID FOR BUS OPERATORS PY - 1983 SP - n.p. AB - This project provides an audiovisual training program to further the safety and training methods for bus operators within the MBTA system. The main purpose of the project was to develop an audiovisual tape and printed material to teach the bus operators, during a training course, how to properly check the bus prior to departure for revenue service. The MBTA safety department developed an audiovisual training aid that would provide bus operators with bus components to be checked as well as checking procedures to be used. This training aid is now available to other interested transit operators. The training aid consists of a set of 35 mm Color slides with synchronized sound (videotape). KW - Audiovisual aids KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Inspection KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Safety KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208829 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390194 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Spielberg, Frank AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON STRATEGIC PLANNING. ISSUES IN STRATEGIC PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 12-16 AB - An implicit assumption in transportation has been that there is temporal stability in travel behavior relationships. However, shifts are occuring in many of the implicit elements. Travel habits of women have changed as their role in society has shifted. Automobile ownership and operating costs have risen in real terms, affecting not only mode choice but also decisions regarding trip length and destination. The transportation issue that has the greatest public attention is the cost and supply of transportation energy, especially gasoline. Data suggest a continued trend to low-density living, although signs of a moderation or reversal may possilby be discerned. Age is related to individual travel patterns, as is the shift in population from the northeast and north central regions to the South and West. Cities of the North and East developed at densities that permit reasonable transit service and have established transit systems. New cities lack both transit systems and population densities conducive to transit use. In contrast to general assumptions, many central business districts are growing rapidly in office space and the trend is expected to continue. The most rapid growth has occurred in suburban regions where trip patterns differ from those in cities. Many freeways constructed under the Interstate program will be reaching the end of their design life during the 1980s, requiring major reconstruction and maintenance. Telecommunications may come to substitute for work trips and other travel. While existing methodologies are applicable to some of the impending planning problems, others will have to be addressed by techniques that are not presently widely adopted. In allocation of costs or benefits, demand forecasting is not the primary product, but an intermediate step. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Automobile ownership KW - Forecasting KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Public transit KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209765 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390195 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stuart, Darwin G AU - Schofer, Joseph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON LONG-RANGE URBAN SYSTEMS PLANNING. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 17-18 AB - A principal finding of the workshop was that the rate of development of new techniques for travel forecasting has outstripped the rate of innovation in planning and policy analysis practice, which has resulted in use of inappropriate, ineffective and inefficient procedures in some aspects of practice. The essential problem with respect to travel forecasting in long-range planning is failure to implement potentially more effective tools. In the U.S. the policies of federal, state and local governments provide no incentives for forecasts to be right and no penalties for being wrong. While technology is the main issue, such accomplisment is not easy and it is not apparent how to go about it. Uncertainty associated with forecasts seems to be increasing, yet the ability to define that uncertainty is exceedingly poor. Three areas need action: (1) Implementation of improved but existing methods; (2) Demonstration of application of new methods to show their utility to potential users and test their effectiveness; (3) Several key research areas need further investigation. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Development KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology transfer KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209766 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390209 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paaswell, Robert E AU - Michaels, Richard M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS. TRAVEL BEHAVIOR MODELS: STATE OF THE PRACTICE PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 107-113 AB - Because society is undergoing rapid change in population composition, economic structure and geographic distribution, the state of practice of behavioral models at both short-term and long-term levels of planning was examined. Use of behavioral techniques in transportation planning, analysis and evaluation has been limited. However, examples of some of the applications are detailed. Application techniques should find their way into application more rapidly than is occurring. A basic relationship between social, structural and transportation systems does exist. Social forces have become the driving force for both structural and infrastructure development over the past 20 years, as would be expected in a post-industrial society. The esential forces in determining future transport requirements are the life-style goals and attitudes that people--as individuals and groups--hold toward social organizations and institutions. Without understanding these processes, there is no way to predict the transportation technology to build for the long-term future. Transportation modeling activities have been embedded in tactical planning to produce optimal deployment of a set of given technologies. As organization of American society is undergoing major industrial and social changes, it becomes apparent that transport technologies now in place are at least obsolescent and that planning methods of the past quarter century are irrelevant for creating the cost-effective infrastructure that the emerging society will require. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral objectives KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Life styles KW - Needs assessment KW - Social factors KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209780 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390191 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Oliver, Ian V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. PANEL REMARKS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p. 8 AB - There are two major areas in which we see a critical need for more appropriate analytical tools to support transportation decisionmaking at the strategic policy and systems-planning levels. These are the areas of urban transportation and intercity goods movement and personal travel. In the urban area, we need to be better equipped to test policy or system-level decisions by answering a series of "what if" questions, which would need to address the whole range of exogenous, as well as endogenous, variables affecting our traditional views of the transportation supply-and-demand relationships. In the intercity area (nonautomobile mode), we are entering a period in which state or provincial levels of government in North America are identifying a role for themselves that is significantly different from the traditional regulatory one. We do not have the same in-depth knowledge and understanding of this essentially private-enterprise domain as we do of urban transportation and rural highway sectors. (Author) U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Intercity transportation KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel analysis KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209762 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390198 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Skinner, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON PROJECT PLANNING. TRAVEL DEMAND ANALYSIS NEEDS FOR PROJECT PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 28-33 AB - This paper reviews travel analysis needs for project planning and provides a starting point for subsequent conference discussions. The concern is project planning for both highway and transit facilities in urban and rural contexts. There are 3 interrelated objectives of project planning: feasibility determination, impact estimation, and design inputs. Requirements are changing in the 1980s with a shift toward maintaining and making better use of existing infrastructure, with greater dependence of private and nonfederal financing; with greater concern over freight movements; and with less rigidity in federal planning guidelines. There are two general approaches to project-planning travel demand: (1) Surveys and counts of existing conditions; and (2) Chains of travel demand models frequently maintained as part of the urban transportation planning process (UTPP). Both forecast approaches use special procedures and techniques to produce final demand estimates. Desirable attributes of demand analysis methods are derived from different perspectives: (1) Sound modeling practices; (2) Output requirements; (3) Emerging requirements; (4) Practical concerns. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Highway planning KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Public transit KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209769 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390205 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stopher, Peter R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON DATA NEEDS AND COLLECTION. DATA NEEDS AND DATA COLLECTION--STATE OF THE PRACTICE PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p. 63-71 AB - The state of the practice in data collection for travel forecasting is examined with particular emphasis on behavioral travel-forecasting procedures and models. A secondary purpose is to provide data for improving or updating forecasts or for direct use in existing calibrated and validated models to predict current or future values. It is concluded that there is an extremely large gap between knowledge and practice. Some issues have not been resolved with specific concern to behavioral models of travel demand. There is also need to remove much of the indifference that exists with respect to data collection. It is necessary to recognize that the most effective data collection is finely tuned to the principal purposes of that data collection. It is important to address the problem of nonresponse to surveys. The author concludes that the most important requirement is that transportation professions recognize that there is an extensive discipline of survey design and execution, and that the undertaking of a survey is neither a diversion or a game. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Surveys KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209776 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390216 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paules, Granville E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON QUICK-RESPONSE AND SKETCH-PLANNING TECHNIQUES. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 156-157 AB - This workshop covered planning methods that can be applied in quick-response decision making, often called sketch-planning. Such techniques are defined as those that support the required decision making time frame within the given cost and staff resource constraints. Quick-response techniques were reviewed on each of five levels of planning. Strategic and long range systems planning are intended to monitor surveillance and trend analysis, anticipating problems. Quick-response methods applicable to long-term planning include what-if scenario testing and pivot-point methods. The status of quick-response methods is quite advanced. Project planning focuses on major capital-intensive transportation proposals analyzed in comparison with alternatives involving less capital or no action at all. Quick-response methods are more applicable to project planning than to other areas. Urban-microscale planning focuses on subareas. In systems operations, studies usually have a non-capital-intensive outcome, although they may affect a variety of local rules, regulations and procedures. The status of quick-response methods is similar to that of microscale planning. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Strategic planning KW - Time duration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209787 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390187 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hartgen, David T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 3-4 AB - Shifts in transportation planning requirements in the 1980's will result from greater responsibilities being given states and local governments with the consequent need for simpler and less cumbersome analytical methods. This Conference was organized around 2 sets of workshops. The first focused on 5 levels of planning and determining what issues and problems at each level would require new travel analysis methods. The second set then reviewed the state of the art for 7 analytical methods. For each workshop overview papers were prepared. The Conference findings: (1) Transportation investment decisions will require continued development and application of travel analysis methods; (2) Travel analysis methods now available are suitable for most problems and can be used immediately; (3) Newer methods are now being used extensively; (4) The 1980s should focus on technology tranfer; (5) Research on selected topics should continue. The research topics include development of simplified travel demand methods; understanding of travel behavior--particularly as influenced by social concepts; specific subjects such as goods movement, parking, pricing, ridesharing, pedestrian circulation and revenue forecasting; basic needs for travel data collection and system operations monitoring; application and use of microcomputers; forecasts of basic determinants of travel; distribution of impacts on users and nonusers. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Capital KW - Data collection KW - Investments KW - Microcomputers KW - Technology transfer KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr201/201-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209758 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390200 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bautz, James A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON URBAN-MICROSCALE PLANNING. URBAN-MICROSCALE PLANNING FOR THE 1980S PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 37-40 AB - The roles of the individual and of the public and private sectors must change to meet the realities of present-day life. The new social order should have a dramatic impact on highway and public-transit planning. Because past planning for public facilities and transit was often influenced by how much money was available and an almost limitless amount of available land, local decisions tended to be in the direction of whatever the government would pay for. In the 1970s changing demands for public transit were ignored and most attention was on fixed-route transit. Mathematical planning models will become relatively less important with many major service impacts caused by changes in legal, regulatory and institutional environments. Fixed-route transit needs to be seen as a service concept developed in the 19th century to meet travel needs of that time. It is conceded that fixed-route service is still the most effective means of moving large numbers of people along defined corridors. There is a tendency to think it essential that only one transit operator serve an urban area and that allowing more will lead to fragmentation and destruction of the system. Key elements for today's transportation planning are management and control of parking, transportation pricing, targeting recipients of subsidy, recognizing the roles of the pedestrian and cyclist, and control of autos in central zones. Examples are given to indicate that institutional changes are already taking place. It is stressed that it is no longer affordable only to fine-tune current systems. The planner of the 1980s will be faced with need for creative development of new approaches for providing transportation, focusing on market needs and services to meet them. Conventional solutions will be appropriate in many circumstances. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Competition KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Highway planning KW - Mathematical models KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209771 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390217 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sosslau, Arthur B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON QUICK-RESPONSE AND SKETCH-PLANNING TECHNIQUES. QUICK-RESPONSE AND SKETCH-PLANNING TECHNIQUES: STATE OF THE ART PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 157-166 AB - Urban travel analysis historically has been designed to evaluate regional transportation systems and provide design volumes. Emphasis has moved to methods to aid in making quick decision trade-offs of projects. There is also a need to screen alternatives quickly so more detailed analysis can concentrate on the most feasible transportation improvement alternatives. The paper examines the state of the art and then addresses: (1) What quick response is; (2) What some examples of currently available methods are; (3) How to take advantage of current technology. It is concluded that at one end of the scale, quick response is as simple as taking known methods and converting them to quick-response methods, giving little attention to accuracy. The ideas of quick response need to be institutionalized with manuals, training sessions and case studies. Rapid adoption of modern technology should occur--microcomputers, digitizing and plotting capabilities. Research funding should be provided for projects to develop quick response techniques in data collection, travel estimation, and use of new technologies. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Data collection KW - Microcomputers KW - Regional planning KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209788 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390219 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Weiner, Edward AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 171-173 AB - The focus was on methods to estimate near-term demand changes due to typical automobile, transit and paratransit projects. A number of operating and management techniques were examined to determine whether travel-analysis methods are available and used in planning. Options included transportation system management, freeways, reserved lanes, priority parking, transit fare and service changes, express bus operation and demand responsive services. Methods of travel demand analysis include traditional models, the newer disaggregate methods, and pivot-point and other hybrid procedures. The gap between state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice is primarily institutional. It was determined that three steps can be taken: (1) Make new travel analysis methods more usable; (2) Increase the capability of practicing planners through training and retraining; (3) Improve communication between those with knowledge and those who need it. For many highway and transit operations where projects are small and benefits are not large, there is still a need for simple, accurate and easily usable travel analysis methods. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Disaggregate models KW - Highway planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390206 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tischer, Mary Lynn AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p. 72-73 AB - The orientation was a review of alternative analytical approaches to the traditional planning and modeling process. Several areas were identified where applications can be found: Transit marketing studies; impact assessment; ridesharing agency reviews, and service for elderly and handicapped. Survey strategies and market segmentation are reasonably well utilized in practice and attitudinal analyses have been performed in a few transit, carpool and pedestrian planning studies. The workshop determined that the methods that could be incorporated into planning practice with high short-term benefits are (1) small scale data collection; (2) simulations with small groups; (3) segmentation and activity concepts and derivative analytical techniques. Planning levels for which travel behavior analysis techniques are most suited are strategic planning and project planning. Research affects practice in many more ways than through technology transfer. Although it is essential for planners to review the transfer of research into practice, it is important to also establish new research horizons. Social and behavioral sciences, in providing a larger framework for understanding travel behavior, can be of assistance in providing information tools for better planning and anticipating directions for future work. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Behavior KW - Behavioral objectives KW - Data collection KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Social factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209777 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390208 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Golob, J M AU - Golob, Thomas F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS. CLASSIFICATION OF APPROACHES TO TRAVEL-BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 83-107 AB - Approaches to the analysis of travel behavior are reviewed. Each approach is categorized. The categories are cross-classified according to 5 subjects: (1) Activity-based approaches; (2) Approaches using subjective variables (attitudes); (3) Approaches using population segmentations; (4) Approaches using controlled experiments; (5) Approaches directly involving choice models. A full matrix cross-classification scheme is used. A number of conclusions have emerged. Known biases in perceptions of distance, time and cost could be used to improve models involving trip hours, trip chains and activity decisions. Some nonlinear perception functions have been introduced in mode-choice models but this has not been extended to the more activity-based choice models. The estimation of logit-type choice models by using controlled simulations represents a cost-effective alternative to revealed-preference estimations. In the short term, there appears to be a possible problem with choice-based sampling techniques. In the longer term, further development of models of activity-pattern choice are particularly relevant to many modern policy questions. Attention in laboratory-experiment studies of the functional-measurement or cojoint-measurement type could usefully be directed away from mode choice and related decisions and toward activity-pattern choice. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Demographics KW - Logits KW - Mathematical models KW - Matrices (Mathematics) KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Policy making KW - Psychology KW - Travel behavior KW - Trip chaining UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209779 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390213 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fleet, Christopher R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON LONG-RANGE AND STRATEGIC FORECASTING TECHNIQUES. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 137-139 AB - This workshop was to identify travel-forecasting methods that could be applied to reach long-term planning solutions and to discuss the relation between strategic and facility-planning methods. Methods discussed were summarized and matched against a summary of the almost 30 issues from the context workshops. The methods discussed in this workshop were related to the other workshops in this framework: (1) Strategic planning should identify preferable transportation strategies or policies as an input to plan development; (2) Long-range planning should identify corridors or subareas that are deficient, identify priorities and outline a range of feasible improvements; (3) Long range regional land use and transportation planning provide a basis for subsequent use of windowing or focusing; (4) Planning should provide base-year data models; (5) Long range data base should provide immediately usable information; (6) Programming implementation depends on a project-level assessment of impacts. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Corridors KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Policy KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209784 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390215 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stuart, Darwin G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON LONG-RANGE AND STRATEGIC FORECASTING TECHNIQUES. STATE OF THE PRACTICE: TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS IN LONG-RANGE AND STRATEGIC PLANNING PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 145-155 AB - Because most regions can no longer finance major highway and transit capital improvements, much less emphasis is now being given to long-range planning. In this paper, two case studies--Milwaukee and Dallas/Fort Worth--are used to examine travel analysis and long range and strategic planning methods currently in use. Work of the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NTCOG) is representative of most medium-sized and larger urban regions. The Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC) has been one of the stronger metropolitan planning organizations in terms of local political support and technical capability. The two organizations are contrasted in three ways: (1) Evolving methods for strategic planning; (2) Reasons for the state-of-the-practice being generally weak; (3) Possibility of closing the apparent gap between state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice. Practitioners can make better use of travel-analysis technical capability if actions are taken at state, federal and/or regional and local levels. These include the following: (1) Reduce analyst and decision-maker communication barriers; (2) Address inadequate funding problems; (3) Understand that short-range planning issues have long-range planning implications; (4) Stress quick-response, simpler travel analysis methods. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Capital KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Regional planning KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Strategic planning KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209786 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390192 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ruhl, Aad AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. PANEL REMARKS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 8 AB - If we look at transport from a European perspective, it should be kept in mind that in most European countries, and certainly in the Netherlands, the role of the private car is different from that in the United States. For most journeys there is an alternative to car use formed by a combination of public transport, cycling, and walking. Research needs can be qualified as follows: 1. Financial analysis methods for transit and highway operations linked to an evaluation of effects of policies on users; 2. Information on travel needs and their importance (not all needs can be satisfied--giving financial constraints and choices in transport policy will work to the advantage of some and the disadvantage of others; in France a proposal for inland transport law is based on the concept of satisfaction of needs); 3. Behavior of travelers in situations where available income declines; and 4. Development of life-styles and influences of opinion leaders in this respect. (Author) U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Foreign KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Income KW - Needs assessment KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209763 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390193 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schultz, Debbie AU - Spielberg, Frank AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON STRATEGIC PLANNING. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 11 AB - This summary of the Workshop on Strategic Planning identified the main components of strategic analysis as: (1) Sensing and analyzing the environment; (2) Anticipating changes and assessing their implications; (3) Specifying objectives; (4) Providing direction; and (5) Allocating resources. It was concluded that methods appropriate for strategic analysis are available. Any failings are in the lack of an institutional climate receptive to the strategic planning function and availability of data relevant to strategic analyses. Planning agencies at all levels allocate some resources to strategic planning but issues addressed in this function must be relevant to the agency. Results of strategic studies should be made available to agencies at other levels and illustrated with samples of successful applications. A process for monitoring, analyzing and describing the societal contexts should be established. It should include and analyze forecasts from other fields (individual and institutional behavior, technology, economy, physical environment). The process should maintain, monitor and analyze multi-period data related to perceptions, tastes and values as they relate to travel behavior. The workshop recognized the need to spur interest and communication between practitioners and decision makers. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Institutional issues KW - Needs assessment KW - Resource allocation KW - Social factors KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209764 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390210 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Koppelman, Frank S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES AND UNCERTAINTY. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 114 AB - Mathematical choice models representing travel behavior and based primarily on individual-choice theory were examined. Methods currently available can generally support decision-making for a wide range of planning problems. Current models are deficient in two areas: (1) Barriers need to be overcome to current use of the best available techniques for specific purposes, and (2) the behavioral content and accuracy of existing techniques needs to be improved. The models have generally failed to move into practice. It is suggested that methodological manuals, software support, instructional programming and documentation of successful applications be developed. Also important will be simplified applications (such as pivot-point methods), improved issue sensitivity, higher levels of precision and ability to apply model systems at differing levels of complexity. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Mathematical models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209781 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390211 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lerman, Steven R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES AND UNCERTAINTY. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF TRAVEL DEMAND: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 114-127 AB - The modeling of transportation systems has evolved rapidly since the early highway studies of the 1950s. The author has divided the travel demand modeling field into 5 areas: Behavioral theory; measurement; model structure; estimation; and forecasting. In contrast to the rapid progress made in estimation and model structure, there has been little change in behavioral theory because it is extraordinarily complex and difficult to model. The progress in measurement has been somewhat mixed. In the area of forecasting, it is safe to argue that the problem of aggregating demand models across individuals is probably a major concern. There remain serious questions regarding travel demand modeling which has lost much of the momentum that characterized it in the 1970s. The research community sees progress being made only in fringe areas of model structure and estimation with no great applicability; the users of new methods find recent results increasingly unintelligible. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Behavior KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209782 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390189 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bowser, Lee H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. PANEL REMARKS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 7 AB - In summary, the key to successful program development in Pennsylvania has been the department's ability to bring together programming and budget functions at the very top level of management. Information and monitoring systems have been instituted that allow top management to be involved not only in decisionmaking but also in monitoring implementation. This is accomplished by active involvement of metropolitan and county planning organizations in the program development process and continuous liaison with the General Assembly. The department's integrated organizational approach to programming has enabled Pennsylvania, within 20 months, to nearly double the amount of federal aid obligated to more than half a billion dollars. During this same period the department focused limited resources toward restoration of its extensive existing highway system. Finally, open, effective programming has been one of the key contributing factors to rebuilding the department's credibility with the General Assembly. Two years ago a disenchanted General Assembly considered legislation to dissolve PennDOT. For the first time in a decade, the General Assembly as a body understands and endorses the department's program, believes that it will actually be accomplished, and because of this has provided the revenues to finance it. (Author) U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Computer programming KW - Cooperation KW - County government KW - Fund allocations KW - Highway maintenance KW - Local government KW - Programming KW - State government KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209760 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390196 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schofer, Joseph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON LONG-RANGE URBAN SYSTEMS PLANNING. LONG-RANGE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: ARE WE CREATING NEW LIFE OR RESUSCITATING A DINOSAUR? PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 18-24 AB - A large fraction of long-range transportation planning is in response to existing federal regulations and with much federal support. With a relaxation of federal requirements and growing constraints on state and local government, local decision makers will increasingly look to the cost-effectiveness of long-range planning. Some long-range planning agencies may be phased out. The existence of long-range planning institutions and activities has made possible much of the short-term decision-responsive planning that is done. Assembly and maintenance of data bases and periodic calibration of travel behavior models takes place primarily within the long-range planning agencies. Long-range planning professionals and institutions can fulfill at least 5 feasible roles: Preparation, monitoring, exploration of options, long-range budgeting, and ombudsmanship. These roles are parts of several added technical challenges for the coming years: Defining travel needs, characterizing travel benefits, evaluating distributional consequences, predicting development implications, producing inverted models for inverted planning, and reducing uncertainty in forecasting. Long range planners can help decision makers if their planning is done properly. Issues are technical, political, ethical, and interpersonal. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Local government KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Needs assessment KW - Social benefits KW - Social factors KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209767 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390207 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Klausner, Samuel Z AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSIS. SOCIAL SCIENCES AS CONCEPTUAL RESOURCE FOR TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 74-82 AB - Social sciences have the potential for making contributions to transportation research. Five fallacies impede thinking about transportation research and planning: (1) Transportation (mobility) and land use (settlement) are distinct events; (2) The social benefit of a transportation system is the rate at which it moves people or goods through the system; (3) Transportation is an industry; (4) Transportation is corporately proprietary; (5) Transportation is politically and culturally neutral. These fallacies become apparent when transportation is conceived as an institutionalized social activity functioning in a milieu of social organizations. Social sciences do not constitute a single discipline. The author draws a parallel between the style of thinking of social and natural scientists. He then describes the interfaces between sociology and demography, human ecology, economics, political science, anthropology, psychology and humanistic studies. It is concluded that transportation research may be conducted with the concepts proposed at the interfaces previously listed. Transportation planning is a problem of the practical intersect of the sciences of man. Studies at any intersect contribute to the understanding needed for planning. Transportation research may expand from travel behavior to matters of economic and political national policy. Social science will contribute only the cognitive elements to the knowledge. Planners must look elsewhere for moral guidelines and commitment to action. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Demographics KW - Ecology KW - Economics KW - Land use KW - Mobility KW - Politics KW - Psychology KW - Social factors KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209778 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390214 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Creighton, Roger L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON LONG-RANGE AND STRATEGIC FORECASTING TECHNIQUES. LONG-RANGE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND FORECASTING TECHNIQUES: THE STATE OF THE ART PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 140-144 AB - This paper discusses methods and techniques for long-range strategic planning and forecasting which are at the frontier of current knowledge and will give clues as to the direction in which transportation planning will proceed in the future. Individual techniques are identified as estimation of financial resources, freight modal study, highway pavement maintenance, published master plans and performance monitoring. After examining the state-of-the-art examples, certain qualities were identified as indicating the direction of future techniques: (1) Repetitive computer operation; (2) internal comprehensiveness; (3) external linkages; (4) process orientation; (5) data base expansion; (6) retroactive checking. Success, usefulness and innovation will occur whenever there is a transportation agency that has the wit to nurture technique and the strength to submerge technique as a utilitarian part of a dynamic program. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - Information processing KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209785 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390221 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ryan, James M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. STATE OF THE PRACTICE PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p. 178-183 AB - Emphasis in transportation planning has shifted to shorter-term, lower-cost improvements. The need is to adapt the procedures and analytical tools developed for planning long-range, capital-intensive projects to this new environment. Four subjects are discussed: Identification of planning applications within each of the five context areas where analysis of operations and management are important, a survey of methods currently used to examine these issues, some thoughts on gaps between the states of the art and the practice, and suggestions on priorities for the planning community in addressing these emerging planning issues. Nearly all Transportation System Management and transit management actions fall in the microscale range and 3 major groups of activities are discussed: Transit operations, traffic engineering, and ridesharing and paratransit. Three discrepancies between state-of-the-art and state-of-practice suggest priorities for the transportation planning community: (1) Closer association must be established with transportation professionals (traffic engineers, city planners and transit operations staff) whose responsibility involve travel demand issues; (2) More attention must be given to upgrading the capabilities of transportation professionals at local jurisdictions and transit agencies; (3) Correlation, synthesis and distribution of information on various management and operating strategies as they are implemented. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Short term KW - Technology transfer KW - Time duration KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389894 AU - HDR Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - UMTA GEOGRAPHIC DATA BASE MANAGEMENT WORKSHOP, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983 SP - v.p. AB - The workshop was to evaluate and synthesize recent experience with Geographic Data Base Management (GDBM) technology and to determine whether: (1) data base management technology can be used to effectively promote data sharing among agencies, and (2) geography can be used as an effective common denominator in support of agency applications. The specific objectives were to: Assess current geographic data base management technology and its potential impact on the transportation planning process during the next decade; Evaluate current implementation strategies of UMTA contractors; and Synthesize current experience and arrive at a consensus on appropriate approaches for data base design and implementation. The workshop was organized into four major sessions of contributed papers and discussion concerning the following topics: (1) GDBM Opportunities for Transportation Planners: Needs and Requirements for the 1980's; (2) Data Base Management Directions and Alternatives; (3) GDBM Experience and Current Research; and (4) GDBM Implementation Scenarios. This final report reviews major highlights of the workshop in context of its objectives; identifies major workshop themes: and determines a series of recommendations to guide UMTA/FHWA in future research and investments in this area. KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Databases KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Paratransit services KW - Routing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208767 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390188 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Robertson, Richard B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. OPENING SESSION. KEYNOTE ADDRESS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 4-7 AB - At a time when there has been significant change in national priorities and federal involvement, good planning practice must be based on sound methods and continuing attention to improvement of these methods. At the federal level two studies reflect changing priorities: (1) Comprehensive review of the urban transportation planning process undertaken jointly by FHWA and UMTA and (2) review of FHWA role in providing technical assistance to state and local planning agencies. The comprehensive review that looks at all requirements established by the 1962 Highway Act has to be accompanied by determination of the appropriate federal, state and local roles in urban transportation planning. New federal regulations do substantially reduce the heavy federal hand in planning activities that are essentially state and local concerns. Such groups conducting transportation planning are now allowed to recognize that distinct differences exist among urban areas and that there can be flexibility in meeting these needs. A unified planning work program endorsed by the Metropolitan Planning Organization will still be required to support requests for federal planning funds for communities of 200,000 population or more, but there is a significant change in provision for federal and local self-certification. The increased flexibility for state and local decisions on how to conduct the planning process is likely to result in a call for more technical assistance and sharing of procedural information. The FHWA role should be that of a central clearinghouse for dissemination of information and technology with the goal of cost effectiveness. Computer planning technology Microcomputers) supporting urban transportation planning methodology will expand at an enormous rate over the next few years. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Legal factors KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Microcomputers KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Aviation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209759 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390190 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S. PANEL REMARKS PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - p 7 AB - The crux of the most important issue before us today, and certainly for several more years and probably for many years thereafter, is how to cope with constraints on urban interaction. The list of constraints is endless, but it is headed by limitations of funding, available land, human tolerance (both physical and emotional), and natural resources. These contraints are increasingly affecting our ability to move people, to transport goods, and to effect many more types of interaction. The problem is worse in urban areas because more people and activity are located there, but it is also important in rural areas and for intercity activities. The most important advantages we have in this situation are intellectual creativity and the human will to overcome. It is time, and this conference is an appropriate point of departure, to begin refocusing on the problems caused by these constraints and to develop creative ways to apply old and new technology to these situations. This does not mean that we should develop new tools, for too often we look for a new method to solve an old problem. We need to make better use of techniques we now have to solve the real problems. This reflects constraints on both funds and time available to solve these problems. The charge to us all is to better understand both existing situations and technology in order to attain the best fit of solution to problem. (Author) U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Constraints KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209761 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390197 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gendell, David S AU - Skinner, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON PROJECT PLANNING. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 25-27 AB - Project planning is the stage in planning processes at which facility and service alternatives are analyzed in sufficient detail to make firm implementation decisions. Project planning is (1) multimodal (highway and transit); (2) applicable in urban and rural contexts; (3) involves consideration of capital-intensive alternatives; and (4) focuses on corridors or subareas. Two fundamental approaches to demand analysis in project planning are identified as survey-based approaches, and four-step model-based approaches. The four-step model approach has been used most often in urban areas on project-planning studies for major transit or highway capital projects. The survey-based approach is associated primarily with highway and toll-road projects but is also used in operational and short-range transit planning. Key findings of the workshop were that (1) survey-based approaches are becoming more desirable; (2) integrated forecasting approaches are particularly promising; (3) existing forecasting methods handle unconventional alternatives with difficulty; (4) project planning methods should be consistent with systems-planning methods; (5) demand estimates should be expressed as ranges; (6) need for quick-response techniques in project planning is increasing; (7) basic issues must be faced in maintaining urban travel data bases. The planning process must respond adequately to information needs of decision makers, not being just a facility-improvement plan but have information useful to investment and priority-setting processes. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Capital KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Surveys KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209768 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390199 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Steinmann, Richard P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON URBAN-MICROSCALE PLANNING. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 34-36 AB - Serving demands in the urban-microscale context will be made difficult in the 1980s by constraints on funding for new facilities and services. More private involvement in transportation in the microscale environment is seen likely. Concern has been expressed about the gap between the state of the art and the state of the practice. Often planning has concentrated on design of specific solutions without adequate consideration to defining the problem to be addressed. Barriers in such a process include; (1) lack of knowledge by planner and decision maker about available alternatives; (2) institutional arrangements prohibit planner from broad considerations of alternative solutions; (3) objectives for planning are often poorly or inexplicitly specified by the decision maker; (4) decision makers often select among alternatives; (5) analytical techniques are often inadequate to assess all alternatives. Work is necessary in the travel demand impacts of the following microscale strategies: Parking management, transit fare policies, ridesharing incentives, automobile use restrictions; pedestrian demand accommodation; and alternative transit-service types. It was felt that methods were in existence to properly assess the following with the primary need being to disseminate methods and results: Fixed-route transit service; demand-management measures, bicycle enhancement, and goods-movement data collection. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Institutional issues KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209770 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390222 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heathington, Kenneth W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. WORKSHOP SUMMARY INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN TRANSPORTATION IN THE 1980S PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 184-188 AB - Analytical tools for investment and financial analysis in the highway and transit fields are generally good, although there are weak areas. The majority of areas do not need much additional research. The state of the practice is generally limited and there are barriers to implementation in virtually all areas. Even though there has been a reasonably good level of development of analytical tools in addressing critical issues, the technology transfer has been so poorly conducted that the analytical tools have almost never been utilized, particularly at the local level. Analytical tools developed often require such enormous computer and resource capabilities that local planning agencies simply are unable to use them. Models have not routinely been made readily available through time sharing or other means. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Financing KW - Highway planning KW - Information processing KW - Investments KW - Public transit KW - Technology transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390186 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE 1980S PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - 203 p. AB - The assessment of planning methods, in particular travel analysis methods and their applications, is the subject of this conference, which is a follow-up to the Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980s, held at Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, in November 1981. At the 1981 meeting new requirements for urban transportation planning were identified and issues requiring planning attention were discussed. These requirements and issues formed the basis for the 1982 conference. It is also a natural outgrowth of four international conferences on travel behavior and travel demand modeling. This conference, as have others, attempted to consolidate and codify the growing body of literature on travel analysis procedures. By bringing together practitioners and researchers to share ideas and concerns, it also focused on the interaction between theory and practice. The aim of the conference was to determine how travel analysis methods can and should be applied to various problems. Therefore, identifying methods, defining the state of the art, describing how methods can and have been applied, identifying gaps between art and practice that require greater dissemination of current knowledge, and developing research were the focal points of the four-day meeting. The state of the art and the state of the practice of travel analysis procedures were assessed and evaluated with the express intent of determining their applicability to critical issues for the 1980s. (Author) U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Research KW - State of the art studies KW - Travel KW - Travel analysis KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209757 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390201 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Echols, James C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON SYSTEMS OPERATIONS. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 41-42 AB - This workshop reviewed travel analysis methods for transit fare and service proposals, including system retraction and mode substitution; the relation of supply and cost to travel demand; and strategies for maintaining revenues. Transit service marketing has been difficult because regulatory restrictions have prevented operation of services that may be justified. These critical issues were identified: (1) Deregulation impacts; (2) Financial consequences; (3) Market segmentation; (4) Social goals; (5) User side subsidies; (6) Equity. There is a wide barrier between what is known and what is done in the areas of data-collection and analysis methods. Techniques are not put into practice because of the following: (1) Inadequate computer capacity; (2) Pay levels too low to attract necessary skills; (3) Inadequate information dissemination; (4) Analytical methods too complicated for general use; (5) Lack of management support and acceptance of outputs; (6) Failure to recognize limited skills and experience in data collections; (7) Lack of documentation of survey and data-base content. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Data collection KW - Deregulation KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Service discontinuance KW - Social factors KW - Technology transfer KW - Travel demand KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209772 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390203 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Biciunas, Aristede E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON DATA NEEDS AND COLLECTION. WORKSHOP SUMMARY PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 47-48 AB - The workshop was to assess the state of the art and current practice in the areas of data needs and collection for travel forecasting and plan development. It was found that there is need to reduce the gap between available data-handling and collection methods and current practice. There are problems with maintaining appropriate data bases in a financially constrained environment. Also in question is the accuracy, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of data collection. There is the issue of equity in transportation planning. It was concluded that data collection is one of the most ignored areas of transportation planning. There is a lack of documentation of data-collection procedures. The Transportation profession as a whole must recognize that there is an extensive discipline of survey design and execution. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209774 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390218 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schoener, George E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON QUICK-RESPONSE AND SKETCH-PLANNING TECHNIQUES. QUICK-RESPONSE AND SKETCH-PLANNING TECHNIQUES: STATE OF THE PRACTICE PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 166-170 AB - Many successful applications have been made of quick-response (q-r) procedures. These were made with a full understanding of the limitations of the procedures and results were viewed in the proper context. Although some accuracy may have been sacrificed, the general consensus is that q-r techniques do provide reasonable results in a realistic time frame. Recommendations are made for enhancements and further development: (1) Simplify methods for defining networks for computerized traffic assignment; (2) Develop easy-to-use software for microcomputer applications; (3) Select transferable parameters in q-r applications; (4) Given the common problem of evaluating traffic impact of new development, more complete information is needed on trip-making characteristics of shopping centers, industrial parks and similar facilities; (5) Determine transferability of data from external traffic analysis; (6) Case studies should illustrate applications of q-r procedures. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Accuracy KW - Industrial location KW - Industrial parks KW - Microcomputers KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Shopping centers KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Software KW - Traffic assignment KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209789 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00390220 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miller, Gerald AU - Kirby, Ronald AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WORKSHOP ON TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. TRAVEL ANALYSIS METHODS FOR SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS: THE STATE OF THE ART PY - 1983 IS - 201 SP - pp 173-178 AB - This paper discusses the usefulness of recent summaries and syntheses of travel response to short-term actions. A large set of state-of-the-art travel analysis methods are then briefly reviewed, yielding comments on their application, ease of use and data needs. Some issues are then suggested which need to be addressed as researchers and planners strive to improve the travel analysis methods needed for short-range transportation planning in the 1980s. It is concluded that improved communication between practitioners and researchers is an essential first step in improving the state of current practice and provide guidance for needed developments in the state-of-the-art. The uniform long-range modeling approaches developed in the 1960s for large-scale planning are clearly inappropriate for management and operations planning. U1 - Conference on Travel Analysis Methods for the 1980sFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationEaston,Maryland,United States StartDate:19821003 EndDate:19821007 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209791 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385260 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TROLLEY BUS: WHERE IT IS AND WHERE IT'S GOING. A BRIEF HISTORY PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 1-3 AB - This chapter provides a brief history of the trolley bus from the 1880s to the installation of the completly new system in Guadalajara, Mexico. It traces the deployment of trolley buses through five distinct periods: from the 1880s to 1915, the birth of the technology and the first commercial tolley bus operations; from 1921 to 1926, new efforts, after World War 1, at establishing trolley bus services; from 1927 through the early fifties, the trolley bus gained its maximum deployment in North America, the fourth period stretched from the fifties through the early seventies--where the trolley bus, although still in competition with streetcars, was recognized as an attractive alternative on the public transit scene, although problems were beginning to appear. These problems led to the rapid demise of the trolley bus from all but a handful of North American cities. The fifth period, from the early 1970s to the present, is marked by rekindled interest in trolley bus technology and purchase of new vehicles. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Design KW - History KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203139 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385275 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Matty, Thomas C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR TROLLEY BUS SYSTEMS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 48-50 AB - This paper reviews Westinghouse's research in trolley bus technology: chopper propulsion, microprocessor developments, automatic reqiring, a.c. drive propulsion, off-wire propulsion and maintenance. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Development KW - Electrical equipment KW - Maintenance KW - Microprocessors KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Propulsion KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-016.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203154 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385277 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - de Steffani, Gilbert AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MODERN TROLLEY BUS OVERHEAD CONTACT LINES PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 53-54 AB - Kummler and Matter, in Switzerland, have developed a fully elastic overhead contact line that meets the requirements of rapid transit for electric vehicles and eliminates the disadvantages of the old, rigid suspension system. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Contact wire KW - Elastic contact lines KW - Overhead suspension KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-018.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203156 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385262 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dyer, Fred C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE DAYTON EXPERIENCE PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 10-11 AB - Unlike that of other cities in the U.S., the Dayton trolley system, started in 1933, did not experience decline in the 1960s. In fact the reverse was true and extensions were made to keep pace with the city's outward growth. This article discusses the rehabilitation and growth of the system and looks at technological advances under investigation. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Dayton (Ohio) KW - History KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Propulsion KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203141 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385264 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wenning, Paul A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TROLLEY COACH APPLICATIONS IN THE 1980S: TORONTO UPDATE PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 12-16 AB - This paper reviews the socioeconomic aspects of trolley bus conversion within the present context of the Toronto Transit Commission. Areas of future research are suggested. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Design KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Technology KW - Toronto (Canada) KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203143 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385271 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Matoff, Thomas G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TROLLEY BUS AND SYSTEM DESIGN PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 34-40 AB - In this paper, Thomas G. Matoff, Director of Transit Development for the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregan (Tri-Met), Portland views the design of the transit network as the basis for successful introduction of trolley coach operation in most American cities. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Capital costs KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations management KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203150 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385273 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Soffer, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FREON-COOLED CHOPPERS FOR TROLLEY BUS APPLICATIONS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 44-46 AB - This paper descirbes the characteristics of Alsthom-Atlantique's choppers: all the main components of the choppers are placed inside a freon-filled container. The liquid cooling system efficiently protects those components against aggressive external elements while maintaining the semiconductors at a more constant average temperature. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Coolants KW - Cooling KW - Electrical equipment KW - France KW - Freon KW - Liquid cooling KW - Liquids KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-014.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203152 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385265 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wilkins, John D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TROLLEY COACH IN EUROPE AND OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 16-20 AB - This is a brief presentation of the status of the trolley bus in Europe and to a certain extent the remainder of the world outside of North America. It shows that the trolley bus mode is receiving serious consideration throughout the world and that its renaissance is not a passing phase. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Alternating current motors KW - Design KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Dual-power KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Europe KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Propulsion KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology KW - Traction drives KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203144 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385272 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VEHICLES AND PROPULSION SYSTEMS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 41-44 AB - This chapter attempts to answer the question "should a trolley bus be able to operate at all away from the electrification and, if so, to what extent?" Different users, as well as manufactures, have developed different answers. Some of them are highlighted in a consideration of modern propulsion systems, of specific off-wire operations, and of procurement, maintenance and design. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Design KW - Energy conservation KW - Maintenance KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Procurement KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Trolleybuses KW - Vehicle power plants UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203151 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385279 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Maxin, Stuart AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REBUILDING SEATTLE'S TROLLEY OVERHEAD SYSTEM PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 56-58 AB - Some of the lessons learned and experiences in the rebuilding and the expansion of the Seattle trolley system are described. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Contact wire KW - Design KW - Reconstruction KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-020.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203158 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385268 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Natvig, Carl AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TROLLEY BUS ECONOMICS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 24-27 AB - Carl Natvig, of the San Froncisco Municipal Railway, explores the economics of the trolley bus state of the art and summarizes the economic history of the trolley. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Economics KW - Investments KW - San Francisco Municipal Railway KW - Savings KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203147 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385269 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Persson, Bo AU - Transportation Research Board TI - THE TROLLEY BUS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 27-31 AB - Bo Persson, of the National Swedish Environmental Protection Agency summarizes the current status of environmental knowledge concerning trolley bus operations in urban areas. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Aesthetics KW - Air pollution KW - Environmental impacts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Noise KW - Trolleybuses KW - Visual intrusions UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203148 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385278 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Margo, Thomas E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEMS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 54-56 AB - In this paper, SEPTA'S experience with the one-on-one SCADA system is reviewed. To data this experience has been positive. SEPTA will shortly put into operation a dual-redundant computer-based single-master type system. This new system will handle not only substation control, but will also have the capability for single system supervision and fixed facility supervision. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Control rooms KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric substations KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Supervisory control systems KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-019.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203157 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385280 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 59-60 AB - In those cities that have trolley buses, public perception and support are favorable for improving and expending the system. Trolley buses are not a panacea to urban transit ills, but there are applications that appear economically and operationally attractive. Economic, environmental, operational, and technological considerations must be examined for each application. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Forecasting KW - Public opinion KW - Trolleybuses KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-021.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385261 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Benson, George E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SEATTLE'S LOVE AFFAIR WITH TROLLEYS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 9-10 AB - Trolleys have been a major, if not dominant component of Seattle's transportation system for more than forty years. This article retraces the history of the trolley system since 1939 when it was first approved, through 1973, when Metro, a consortium of Seattle, King County, and Suburban county grovernments, provided a plan that called for replacing the entire system, doubling the lineage to 55 miles and acquiring 109 new trolleys. The author relates then the problems created by new technology and gives the present status of the system. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - History KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203140 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385274 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Swartz, George AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A LOOK AT CHOPPER SYSTEMS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 47-48 AB - This paper reviews the 2-phase armature chopper, which is used on the trolley fleets in Seattle and Philadelphia. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electrical equipment KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203153 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385276 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Parkinson, Tom E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OFF-WIRE OPERATION PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 50-51 AB - Off-wire propulsion can fill several needs, including the short-term need to avoid delays when stuck on an insulator, or to get around a defective switch or broken wire. It can be achieved with batteries, reciprocating engines, and with flywheels. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Electric batteries KW - Flywheels KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Piston engines KW - Propulsion KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203155 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385263 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Parkinson, Tom E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VANCOUVER AND THE TROLLEY BUS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 11-12 AB - After a brief historical sketch of the Vancouver trolley system, the author describes their new-generation trolley bus, with microprocessor control, full regenerative brake, off-wire battery operation, and double front doors. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Electronic control KW - Microprocessors KW - Off wire propulsion KW - Propulsion KW - Regenerative braking KW - Technology KW - Trolleybuses KW - Vancouver (Canada) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203142 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385270 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lawrence, L A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TROLLEY BUS OPERATIONS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 31-33 AB - L. Lawrence, Director of Operations for the Edmonton Transit System gives a status report on trolley bus operations and stresses the importance of using the trolley bus for heavily serviced areas such as city trunk routes. He also identifies the concept of teamwork as a requirement of successful trolley operation. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Edmonton (Canada) KW - Management KW - Operating strategies KW - Operations management KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203149 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385266 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Christovam, Francisco A N AU - Waisman, Jaime AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TROLLEY BUS DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 20-22 AB - The rehabilitation and expansion programs of the trolley bus system for Sao Paulo, Recife, Santos, and Araraquara, and the installation of the new system in Ribeirao Preto are described. Operating companies are trying to modernize and rationalize their services and industries are trying to procure new technology and modernize subsystems. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brazil KW - Design KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - New systems KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology KW - Traction drives KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203145 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00385267 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLICATIONS OF TROLLEY BUS INSTALLATIONS PY - 1983 IS - 200 SP - pp 23-24 AB - Issues of economics, the environment, system design, and operations that relate to applications of the trolley bus modes are dealt with. Trolley bus systems are shown to be attractive for applications in which fuel considerations, environmental concerns, topographical factors, and ridership are of primary importance. These elements, coupled with technological developments, are prompting renewed interest by urban planning and transit officials in the trolley bus mode. U1 - The Trolley Bus: Where It Is and Where It's Going. A Workshop on Trolley Bus ApplicationsTransportation Research Board, Federal Transit AdministrationSeattle, Washington StartDate:19820829 EndDate:19820901 Sponsors:Transportation Research Board, Federal Transit Administration KW - Design KW - Economics KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fuel consumption KW - Ridership KW - Technology KW - Topography KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr200/200-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/203146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382619 AU - National Research Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REPORT FOR 1981 AND 1982 U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY. A SUMMARY OF THE WORK CONDUCTED DURING CALENDAR YEARS 1981 AND 1982 PY - 1983 SP - 93 p. AB - The U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology, a unit of the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, was formed within the Nation Research Council in 1972 by the Presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. It was formed in response to a request from the Chairman of the Federal Council for Science and Technology for a "U.S. focal agency to be responsible for assessment of tunneling activities, and where appropriate, for stimulation of improvements in tunneling technology." The Committee's purposes, as stated in its Constitution, are the following: 1) To serve as the national organization for stimulating advancement in the state-of-the-art of tunneling technology and in the effective use of the subsurface by promoting the coordination of activities pertaining thereto--assessment, research, development, education, training, and collection and dissemination of information; and 2) to effect appropriate participation in all activities of the International Tunneling Association (ITA) through the National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering-National Research Council, which adheres to the ITA on behalf of the scientists, engineers, and technologists of the United States interested in tunneling technology. This Biennial Report describes the work of the Committee and its Subcommittees in calendar years 1981 and 1982. A brief synopsis is given of the Workshop on Technology for the Design and construction of Deep Underground Defense Facilities, held on November 5th and 6th, 1981, in Washington, D.C. Information pertaining to the activities of the ITA is presented and a list to tunneling-related publications is included. Appendixes A througn F are, respectively: Membership, 1981-1982--U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology; Record of the Annual Meeting, 1981; Record of the Annual Meeting, 1982; Participants, Workshop on Deep Underground Defense Facilities; Report of the ITA Annual Meeting, 1981; and Report of the ITA Annual Meeting, 1982. KW - Development KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology transfer KW - Tunneling KW - Umta section 6 KW - Underground structures KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381037 AU - National Academy of Sciences-Natl Research Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REPORT FOR 1981 AND 1982 U.S. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR ROCK MECHANICS PY - 1983 SP - 136 p. AB - The U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics (USNC/RM), a part of the Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources (CPSMR), was formed within the National Research Council in 1967 to represent U.S. interests in the science and engineering of rock mechanics. The National Research Council was estabilished by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The purposes of the U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics are: 1) to serve the national interests of the U.S. by recommending actions for advancing the science and engineering of rock mechanics to government, industry, and the universities; and 2) to effect appropriate participation in all activities of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) through the National Academy of Sciences--National Academy of Engineering--National Research Council, which adheres to the ISRM on behalf of U.S. scientists, engineers, and technologists interested in rock mechanics. The committee is sponsored by federal agencies and supported by professional societies and organizations that also nominate representatives to serve on the committee. This annual report describes the work of the committee and its panels in calendar years 1981 and 1982. Both domestic and international activities of the committee are presented in this report. KW - Conferences KW - Construction KW - Construction projects KW - Rock mechanics KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197479 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380142 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Butler, Susan R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HUMAN RESOURCES FOR MAINTENANCE: WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 40-42 AB - Eight problems were identified as important in considering human resources for maintenance: Performance measurements and standards; technical information and training; line-level maintenance supervision; upper-level maintenance managers; motivation, upper-level management awareness of maintenance needs, training, and communication. High priority was assigned to performance measurement, training and line supervision. Medium priority was assigned to technician motivation and communication skills of upper-level maintenance management. Lower priority was assigned to upper level management's awareness of importance of maintenance, training packages, and inter-property communications. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196593 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380143 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tammen, Cecil M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT NEEDS: RESOURCE PAPER PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - p. 43-45 AB - Normally each new bus maintenance facility represents a custom-designed, custom-built project which usually does an adequate job. The relative size of bus operations does much in determining the capabilities to be incorporated in maintenance installations. Operating costs associated with pull-ins, pull-outs, and driver relief are often overlooked in site selection. Two major questions must always be answered: What fleet size is to be accommodated (now and in the future), and what types of buses will be housed? For large properties with multiple facilities, the optimum size is an important factor. The author summarizes some steps that could be taken to improve maintenance facilities and equipment: Research and visits to other shops; adoption of new building operations technologies; thorough spatial and functional planning; diligent effort on the part of the designer; analysis of future needs and adaptability to change; life-cycle costing; adequate tools and equipment; provision for preventive maintenance; adopting recommendations of bus buildings on maintenance practices and equipment needs; communication between properties; information dissemination through industry organizations. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Building sites KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Forecasting KW - Location KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operating costs KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196594 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380146 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Malec, Ralph E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VEHICLE DESIGN, ACCEPTANCE TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT SERVICES: WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 51-52 AB - The author reports that changes in bus design have caused serious maintenance problems. Increased sophistication requires higher levels of preventive maintenance, increases difficulty in diagnosing failures, and requires time-consuming repairs. There are deficiencies in vehicle design, some being the subject of UMTA-funded studies and others the target of retrofit programs. The workshop group attempted to identify solutions of these design problems, including the following: Improved reliability and maintainability through specifications and design; guidelines for writing specifications; development of prequalification tests for components; identification and upgrading of problem components; pursue latent defects, particularly during warranty period; improve quality control; increased manufacturer technical support; use of life-cycle costing procedures; utilize fuel-economy test measurements. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Advanced design buses KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Quality control KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196597 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380139 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kliem, B W AU - Goeddel, Dennis L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR IMPROVING MAINTENANCE PERFORMANCE: RESOURCE PAPER PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 25-34 AB - Transit maintenance costs nearly $1.8 billion annually and is increasing at the rate of $400 million each year. The transit maintenance staff typically constitutes 15 to 20 percent of the work force and represents about 25 percent of total operating costs. Management information systems to date have usually made possible only development of broad generalities concerning maintenance; even more elusive is the cost of not maintaining transit vehicles--deferred maintenance. It is estimated that the current accumulation is a figure far higher than a current year's maintenance expenditures. Deferred maintenance is also the primary contributor to unreliable performance. Cost controls and performance measures involving materials, labor and use of maintenance equipment must be implemented if transit systems are to manage properly their maintenance and inventory operations. A survey of 54 transit properties accounting for approximately 65 percent of the total vehicle fleet in the U.S., showed 28 have automated information systems for fleet maintenance, and 23 are using MIS for materials management and inventory control. Critical to establishment of a general MIS are system environment, system costs, and project commitment. Because U.S. transit systems differ substantially with respect to operation environment, organization and service characteristics, no single performance measure will be universally applicable. Measuring performance of transit maintenance requires realistic goals. The major aims are reduction in system maintenance costs, improved vehicle reliability, and improved maintenance performance. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Deferred maintenance KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Operating costs KW - Quality of work KW - Standards KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196590 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380135 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, Michael M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MASS TRANSIT: A PERSPECTIVE FOR THE FUTURE PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 5-11 AB - After 15 years of federal funding, the author feels that transit management may have become overly reliant on external financial resources rather than controlling costs. Increased efficiency, performance and productivity in established maintenance functions are necessary. Transit has historically been labor intensive with at least 75 percent of operating expenditures going to labor, the major portion of this being bus operator wages. Most of the remainder of labor cost involves the maintenance function. More effective management of maintenance and increased productivity involve the following: Cost control, organization for the maintenance function, supervisor selection and training, management information systems, preventive maintenance, performance indicators, job standards, technical training for maintenance, and absenteeism. Materials, supplies and maintenance equipment must also be carefully managed. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Cost control KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Productivity KW - Standards KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196586 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380137 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mallett, Conrad L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT'S ROLE IN MAINTENANCE: RESOURCE PAPER PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 20-22 AB - Policymakers must be aware of bus maintenance problems and enlisted in the long-term solutions to these problems. Procurement policies must be altered so that maintenance costs of transit buses are carefully weighed. Personnel practices must be restructured so that high productivity and high quality craftsmanship are integral parts of the contract between the transit agency and its maintenance personnel. The adversarial nature of labor relations in the industry must be replaced by a mutual concern for vehicle reliability and quality public service. Operations and maintenance personnel must replace mutual hostility and defensiveness with attitudes that reflect understanding and cooperation. UMTA concern with maintenance should focus more precisely on its role as facilitator, information gatherer and disseminator, and supporter of better research and training programs. The role of maintenance managers is to see that these objectives are their objectives and that a major portion of their energy is devoted to achieving these goals. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Collective bargaining KW - Development KW - Labor relations KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196588 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380133 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BUS MAINTENANCE IMPROVEMENT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - 59 p. AB - This report contains proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement Workshop held April 14-16, 1982 in St. Louis. The workshop was to exchange information on current transit industry practices related to bus maintenance, to define industry needs, and to generate suggestions for research, development and technical assistance programs in the maintenance areas. Five topics focused the discussion of maintenance needs: Management's role; management tools for improving maintenance; human resources; facility and equipment needs; vehicle design, testing and maintenance support services. Each of the topics was addressed by issue and resource papers. Subsequently the five working groups discussed the state of the art in their areas and ranked suggestions for development and technical assistance. While the working groups had distinct topics, many of the problems identified and discussed crossed the boundaries of the individual working groups. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Conferences KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Personnel KW - Personnel practices KW - Planning KW - Proceedings KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196584 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380134 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heinle, George W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINTENANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 4-5 AB - It was observed that an appropriate bus maintenance research and development program must not only recognize the state of the art, but also the state of the transit industry. The goal should be long-lived, more reliable, and more easily maintained equipment that at the same time removes human judgement from the maintenance process and is self monitoring and self-diagnosing. A standard diagnostic system for buses is needed. While maintenance management information systems have been developed, the industry has made little use of the output in establishing the service life of components and identifying critical product improvement needs. There is also need not only to build failure rates into local information systems, but also to develop the means for identifying problems on an industry-wide basis. Direction and control of any R&D programs in these areas should come out of the industry and not the federal government. Federal involvement must not impede R&D and development of new systems for the industry. Manufacturers and operating agencies need to share a reasonable part of the financial burden of R&D. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Development KW - Diagnostic centers KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Maintainability KW - Management information systems KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Service life KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196585 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380136 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hallman, A B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CHARGE TO THE WORKSHOP PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - p 12 AB - The transit industry is confronted by a decline in the experience level of maintenance workers with an estimated 50 percent now having 5 years or less of service. Despite large investments in renovating transit equipment and extending transit systems, maintenance problems must still be faced. Two ongoing UMTA demonstrations offer promise for improving maintenance performance. At Detroit DOT, an improved bus maintenance manual format, called the Job Performance Aid (JPA) is being developed and tested. An Automatic Bus Diagnostic System (ABDS) is being developed and tested by New York City Transit Authority. There is a fuel-island ADBS unit which provides a short test of the condition of a bus, checking 15 parameters and recording fuel usage. The maintenance-area ABDS unit gives a comprehensive test to buses that fail the fuel-island test. Questions posed in conclusion: Are we doing enough to support maintenance personnel? Are we providing enough unambiguous technical information and proper tools? Are we collecting sufficient maintenance information? U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Manuals KW - Personnel management KW - Planning KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196587 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380138 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Alaimo, Al AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT'S ROLE IN MAINTENANCE: WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 22-24 AB - Conditions identified by the management study group as having negative effects on maintenance included: Operations and maintenance managers tend to involve transit boards in day-to-day operations; lack of current and reliable information needed to permit all managers to function effectively; inability of maintenance managers to present meaningful budgets, the result of a lack of skills in this area; absence of appropriate organizational approaches to purchasing; lack of property-level maintenance policies or standards, resulting in failure-based maintenance. The following strategies were recommended to improve management effectiveness: Establish effective R&D in bus maintenance, achieved through joint participation and funding of UMTA, individual properties and manufacturers; development of a relatively uniform maintenance and management reporting system that would be flexible enough to permit property-level adaptations, but should include inventory leveling and performance measurement; need for bus maintenance management courses; preparation of a handbook on maintenance planning and budgeting. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Handbooks KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Purchasing KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196589 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380140 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kosinski, Maria AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR IMPROVING MAINTENANCE PERFORMANCE: WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 34-36 AB - Two general categories of concern emerged: The need to collect historical bus data and the need to develop methods to use the data. Seven specific areas requiring R&D are listed in the order of their importance: Management information systems specifically for maintenance (Preventive maintenance scheduling, inventory control, failure monitoring, work-order processing and status tracking); training programs aiding the transition from manual to computerized maintenance information systems; automated data collection systems for maintenance; a national information network for sharing data on major model-specific bus defects; management tools and information systems that would facilitate the purchase of quality products within a low-bid system; simulation and failure models for bus maintenance that would facilitate maintenance planning; a system for cross-referencing data on the interchangeability of bus parts. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Procurement KW - Quality control KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196591 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380144 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mercik, Henry J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FACILITY AND EQUIPMENT NEEDS: WORKSHOP REPORT PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 45-46 AB - Examples of facility design and equipment for bus maintenance were discussed. Specific actions were suggested to assist operators in making decisions about establishing new facilities and defining equipment needs, acknowledging that there are significant differences between large and small transit operations. Crucial in controlling maintenance costs is adequate inspection. Conclusions of the workshop about the most significant research and development areas were: Methods for automatic inspection and automatic diagnostic systems; buses should now make design provision for future retrofit of sensors for automatic diagnostic systems; determination of the structural integrity of bus frames should be possible by X-ray, ultrasonics or magnetic-particle inspection; APTA should initiate competitions to encourage submission of concepts for improved tools, techniques and equipment for reducing maintenance costs; an automatic tire-inflation tester should have high priority. Some participants felt that instead of automated testing, emphasis should be placed on tools and fixtures to facilitate repair once a problem has been identified. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automated diagnostics KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Inflation KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Repairing KW - Repairs KW - Sensors KW - Tire pressure KW - Tires KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196595 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380145 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Buckel, H H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - VEHICLE DESIGN, ACCEPTANCE TESTING, AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT SERVICES: RESOURCE PAPER PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 47-51 AB - The author traces the history of bus technology, noting that the 1959 GMC New Look model marked the end of major mechanical innovation in transit buses; starting with NL emphasis has been on improved environment for drivers and passengers. Then the entry of the federal government into capital funding during the NL period made first cost the overwhelming determinant of bus suppliers. Next federal sponsorship of the Transbus program produced models with increased passenger comfort that were marked by high maintenance costs. In 1975 GMC formally introduced its RTS model with some Transbus features, followed by the Flxible 870 designed in much the same way. Attempts to reconcile specifications for these two Advanced Design Bus models produced the so-called White Book. Both ADBs are heavier, more costly and less reliable than their predecessors. Poor performance of ADBs has resulted in changed transit bus procurement. Foreign builders have entered the market and major remanufacturing programs for NL buses undertaken. The author sees the need for enhanced maintenance information systems, detailed specifications that will assure reliable, efficient buses, and adequate testing. Competition ultimately will give proper equipment. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Advanced design buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Federal government KW - Maintainability KW - New look buses KW - New products KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Testing KW - Transbus KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196596 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00380141 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mitchell, James Gregory AU - Transportation Research Board TI - HUMAN RESOURCES FOR MAINTENANCE: RESOURCE PAPER PY - 1983 IS - 198 SP - pp 37-40 AB - The human resource problem in bus maintenance has developed over many years with the decline of the work-place environment and increasing complexity of organizational structure. Diminishing worker skills (real or perceived) and reduced motivation affect labor effectiveness. Workers' changing views of their jobs and a need for self-esteem also are influential. Better on-the-job reference material improves motivation and self-esteem of the mechanic while also improving vehicle reliability. Enlarging the scope of the traditional supervisor's role to include an awareness of changing job values and difficulties related to worker motivation also helps human-resource management. Standardizing personnel practices and clearly defining departmental objectives and priorities through supervision improve staff harmony. Once the industry confirms these findings, a series of pilot projects can refine improvement actions. It may prove cost effective to set up regional schools where managers and supervisors can be taught these techniques and be provided with documentation to take back to their maintenance activities. U1 - Proceedings of the Bus Maintenance Improvement WorkshopUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationSt. Louis,Missouri,United States StartDate:19820414 EndDate:19820416 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/196592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462907 AU - Muradaz, M AU - MOUCHAHOIR, G AU - Yen, A AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXTREME CONDITIONS IMPACT ON RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS: EFFECT OF AUTOMATIC TRAIN CONTROL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/12 SP - 105 p. AB - Automatic Train Control (ATC) has gained wide acceptance and is presently used in all aspects of rapid rail operations. Because ATC has limited range of detection, conditions outside those limits might present hazards to transit system operation. With a trend toward less human involvement in the actual operation of rapid rail vehicles, questions have been raised about train safety under ATC failures especially under extreme environmental conditions. This report examines the impact of extreme environmental conditions and (ATC) failures on rapid rail system safety and makes recommendations to lessen their impact. The environmental conditions covered in the report are: high winds, floods, heavy ice and snow and sub-freezing temperatures as well as lightning. In addition, fires and emergency egress procedures were analyzed in this investigation and recommendations were developed to lessen the consequences of fires and to expedite passenger evacuation procedures. Overloading, a situation frequently faced by rapid rail transit properties, was also examined to determine its impact on train safety and operation. KW - Automatic train control KW - Climate KW - Cold weather KW - Emergency egress system KW - Emergency exits KW - Fires KW - Floods KW - Ice KW - Operations KW - Overloads KW - Oversize loads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - Snow KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380169 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PARATRANSIT: OPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE. AN OVERVIEW PY - 1982/12 SP - 78 p. AB - Over the past decade paratransit has evolved but is seen as not yet at its full maturity. Paratransit services have been shown to be capable of meeting various transportation needs well-served neither by mass transit or the private auto. Typically small in scale and flexible in structure, paratransit options can be targeted to particular market segments or they can be designed to provide community-wide service. Paratransit options can provide cost-effective service in areas lacking the densities necessary to support mass transit, and can be operated in the private sector, thus needing no extensive public financial support. Given the appropriate regulatory environment, these characteristics combined with the economic and demographic factors and trends described earlier, should result in an increased role for paratransit over the coming decade. It is concluded that the private sector should be involved to a greater extent; that the role of the activity center (employers, shopping centers, etc.) should be encouraged; service initiation should be at the community level; transit authorities should be more open to paratransit; coordination of all providers of public transportation should be achieved; states should promote paratransit; demonstrations of service and institutional concepts should continue; and the Federal government should create an environment conducive to utilization of paratransit. KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Federal government KW - Forecasting KW - Institutional issues KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00646377 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - FLORES, A L AU - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS AND COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADOPTION OF THE RECOMMENDED FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES FOR RAIL TRANSIT MATERIALS SELECTION PY - 1982/12 SP - 60 p. AB - This report presents the results of an assessment of the benefits and costs associated with the adoption of Recommended Fire Safety Practices for Rail Transit Materials Selection for rapid rail transit and light rail transit vehicles. The potential benefits to accrue are identified and discussed. Changes in vehicle construction costs are calculated using several methods of analysis. The Recommended Fire Safety Practices are presented in Appendix A. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fires KW - Fta section 6 KW - Light rail transit KW - Materials selection KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety practices UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/36000/36000/36054/DOT-TSC-UMTA-81-59.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/386750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468003 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TITLE VI DOCUMENTATION REGARDING TECHNICAL AND PLANNING ASSISTANCE PY - 1982/12 SP - v.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Demographics KW - Land use KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468004 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TITLE VI ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL AND OPERATING ASSISTANCE PY - 1982/12 SP - 15 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Capital KW - Demographics KW - Income KW - Load factor KW - Operating assistance KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279228 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396552 AU - Rhodes, A L AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL PATTERNS AND EXPENDITURES: LINKS WITH SOCIETAL STRUCTURE PY - 1982/12 SP - 121 p. AB - The purpose of this research is to explore and identify the links between the structural composition of households and household expenditures for gasoline. The research strategy is to assess the importance of selected life-stage and occupational roles that are assumed to underlie or relate to attitudes which inturn influence travel patterns. Data was collected by random-digit-dialed telephone interviews. This research involved three different studies directed at the general problem of linking household travel to household structure. The first study shows the relationship between household structure and household gasoline expenditure for a Florida sample household (1082 respondents) during October 1980. The second study involved a resurvey of these same housholds in October 1981 to test for stability of the household structure--travel relationship over one year and the relationship between change in structure and change in travel. The third study involved a test of the generality of the findings for Florida 1980 to another state. Data for Rhode Island were compared with the data for Florida in this stage. Findings on gasoline expenses of Florida households in 1980 clearly show that stage of life cycle and occupation of head of household affect gasoline expenditures, even if number of cars, number of vehicles, number of drivers, and income are controlled. Comparison of the gasoline expense and household structure relationships for Florida and Rhode Island tend to be similar. A User's Manual is included in this report. It is concerned with; 1) interpretation of results presented in Tables 8 through 20, and 2) a series of tables defining the minimum statistically significant difference between categories of life stage, head's occupation and dwelling type for Tables 8-11, and instructions for use of these significant tables. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Florida KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Households KW - Income KW - Rhode Island KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381035 AU - Falcocchio, J C AU - Adesanya, M AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF WHEELCHAIR-BUS OPERATIONS IN A SUBURBAN ENVIRONMENT: AN IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS INHIBITING USAGE AND ESTIMATES OF IMPACTS PY - 1982/12 SP - 83 p. AB - This report covers the results of a two-year study which dealt with an analysis of travel barriers confronting the wheelchair-handicapped in getting to and from bus stops served by lift-equipped buses in a suburban county and an investigation of the service impacts of wheelchair passengers' demand on a bus route's travel time, schedule, and service reliability in a suburban county. The study is based on data collected in Westchester County, New York. The travel barrier analysis was undertaken through interviews with a sample of wheelchair users and the service impact analysis was carried out using a bus route simulation model which was developed as part of this research. The documentation of the simulation model is detailed in Appendix 3 of the full report. The sample survey showed that approximately 80% of those interviewed do not travel by bus because better alternatives are available. Although most of the respondents would experience severe difficulties traveling alone due to the presence of barriers, about 50% of the sample would still need assistance in getting to the bus even if travel barriers were removed. Schedule, route travel time, and service reliability impacts were found to be small for "average" wheelchair ridership demand. KW - Accessibility KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stops KW - New York (State) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic delays KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380194 AU - KOLB, R AU - Brown County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING FOR THE GREEN BAY TRANSIT SYSTEM: FINANCIAL OPERATIONS STUDY 1982-1986 PY - 1982/12 SP - 100 p. AB - This report describes a transit system financial study which investigates new funding alternatives to offset the potential reduction of UMTA Section 5 operating assistance. A nationwide survey of 50 transit systems, operating in urbanized areas under 200,000 population, was carried out as part of the study effort. KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial analysis KW - Financing KW - Peer groups KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 5 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56406/financialplanni8315brow_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377038 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING: FINANCING EMERGENCY TRANSIT SERVICES WITH TEMPORARY FARE SURCHARGES PY - 1982/12 SP - 37 p. AB - This report, is designed to address the issue of providing the funds needed to pay for the increase in the cost of fuel in an emergency. Scenarios covering both the large increases in fuel price likely in an emergency in the absence of price controls and the need for additional fuel to support expanded service are described. Transit operators concerned with this important issue in contingency planning will find this report useful. KW - Costs KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fares KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Operating costs KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Ridership KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Surcharge UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373816 AU - Atherton, T J AU - Eder, E S AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOUSTON NORTH FREEWAY CONTRAFLOW LANE DEMONSTRATION PY - 1982/12 SP - 308 p. AB - On August 28, 1979, the Metropolitan Transit Authority (METRO) of Harris County in Texas, in cooperation with the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, began operation of a contraflow lane on the North Freeway as one element of a comprehensive corridor transportation improvement program. Metro's objectives in implementing both the contraflow lane and associated corridor improvements were to: 1) decrease or slow the growth of corridor vehicle miles of travel and associated fuel consumption and vehicle emissions; 2) increase vehicle occupancy in the corridor; 3) reduce congestion and therefore, decrease travel time; and 4) encourage acceptance and usage of public transportation. This report presents an evaluation of the impacts related to contraflow operation of Houston's North Freeway. In the Houston demonstration, a 9.6 mile contraflow lane was available for use by buses and vanpools during the morning and afternoon peak periods. In addition to the contraflow lane, a number of other transportation improvements were also implemented in the North Freeway Corridor. In particular, bus service was expanded considerably and two park-and-ride lots were built and a third leased from a church. This evaluation focuses on the feasibility, in terms of adverse impacts on non-priority users, safety, enforcement, public acceptance, etc., of the contraflow lane. Contraflow operation resulted in a average round-trip travel-time savings of 40 minutes for bus riders and vanpoolers using the contraflow lane during the peak hour. As a result, bus ridership and to a lesser extent, vanpooling increased considerably. The feasibility of contraflow operation as a high occupancy vehicle priority measure was also demonstrated by this project. Appendices A through E in the report are, respectively: Survey Administration and Questionnaires; Contraflow Driver Training Manual; Newspaper Articles, Editorials, and Letters to the Editor; Bibliography; and Report of New Technology. KW - Bus lanes KW - Contraflow lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Peak periods KW - Ridership KW - Travel time KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373810 AU - DESHPANDE, G K AU - Cucchissi, J AU - Heft, R C AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION: POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PY - 1982/12 SP - 76 p. AB - In an attempt to resolve reliability problems, lower operation and maintenance costs, and simplify fare collection, transit authorities are focusing on their fare collection systems. Many transit properties have existing fare collection systems which are inflexible in terms of meeting special fares; such as monthly passes, elderly and handicapped fares, and fares differentiated by time of day. This study was conducted as a systems analysis of fare collection in support of the Fare Collection Research and Development program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The basic objectives of the study were to: 1) evaluate how fare policies and fare structures affect the selection of fare collection equipment; 2) provide a description of existing fare collection equipment; 3) document hardware-related problems at various properties and methods used to collect reliablity data; 4) describe the fare collection systems and specifications being chosen at new properties; and 5) outline the requirements of a fare collection simulation model. To develop supporting data for various aspects of the study, interviews were held with the fare collection staff of several transit properties. The interviews involved such issues as fare policies, fare structures, equipment and related problems, and current hardware development efforts. Information concerning maintenance and reliability data collection methods was also gathered. Major findings of this study include: 1) a wide variation in the fare collection system and equipment, caused primarily by historical precedence; 2) the reliablility of AFC equipment used at the Bay Area Rapid Transit Authority in San Francisco and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in Washington, D.C., discouraged other properties from considering use of similar equipment; 3) existing equipment may not meet the fare collection needs of properties in the near future; 4) the cost of fare collection operation and maintenance is high; and 5) the relatively small market in fare collection equipment discourages new product development by suppliers. Recommendations for fare collection R&D programs include development of new hardware to meet rail transit needs, study of impacts of alternate fare policies, increased communication among policymakers, and consensus on fare policy issues. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fare collection KW - Fares KW - Operating costs KW - Rapid transit KW - Reliability KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Specifications KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/49000/49700/49762/19830027681_1983027681.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189970 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373814 AU - ELKINS, J A AU - Peters, J AU - Arnold, G AU - RAJKUMAR, B AU - Transportation Test Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STEADY STATE CURVING AND WHEEL/RAIL WEAR PROPERTIES OF A TRANSIT VEHICLE ON THE TIGHT TURN LOOP PY - 1982/12 SP - 160 p. AB - This report describes the results of a test series carried out on the Tight Turn Loop at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) at Pueblo, Colorado, in order to assess the curving and wheel/rail wear performance of a transit vehicle when negotiating a very tight turn. Tests were performed with and without a restraining rail, and were limited to dry rail to ensure constant coefficient of friction. Wheel/rail forces and wheelset angles-of-attack were measured using both onboard and wayside instrumentation. In addition, rates of wheel and rail wear were measured using special profilometers available at the TTC. This report details the test setup and results and stresses the comparisons between experimental data and computer model predictions, which in this situation showed exceptionally good correlation. A relationship between theoretical wear index and wheel wear is shown, but the corresponding relationship for rail wear was undetermined because of the lack of adequate rail wear. The report concludes with recommendations for improved experimental techniques, suggested developments to the computer model, and a proposal for further testing on the Tight Turn Loop. KW - Computer programs KW - Instrumentation KW - Lateral dynamics KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371560 AU - Pucher, J AU - Rutgers University, New Brunswick AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDESIGNING FEDERAL TRANSIT SUBSIDIES TO CONTROL COSTS AND TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TRANSIT PROGRAM. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/12 SP - 7 p. AB - Transit subsidies in the United States grew faster than almost any other type of government expenditure during the decade of the 1970s. From $.5 billion in 1970, the combined operating and capital subsidies from all levels of government exceeded $7.8 billion in 1980. Currently, there is considerable debate over the desirability of this 15-fold increase in the level of subsidy. Many doubt whether subsidies have been effective in achieving the manadated goals of the transit program. Some critics, for example, argue that subsidies have simply inflated costs instead of providing more, better, or cheaper service for transit riders. The purpose of this report is to analyze the impacts of the current transit program, and on the basis of the results, to recommend changes that would increase its effectiveness. This report addresses nationwide trends in transit subsidies, costs, productivity, service levels, and ridership. It also examines differences along these dimensions for various transit modes. The current design of the subsidy program is also described. Results are presented on in-depth cases of four large transit systems: Tri-Met in Oregon; CTA in Illinois; TNJ in New Jersey; and Public Service, Inc. in Louisiana. The two latter systems, which were privately-run throughout the past decade, were included to examine the impacts of private vs. public ownership. The report discusses two types of regression analysis. There is a time-series analysis of 34 representative transit systems from 1970 to 1979. This is complemented by a cross-section analysis of 212 transit systems in 1979 and 1980. In both types of regression, the primary intention was to identify impacts of subsidies on costs, but other factors are also included as explanatory and dependent variables. An alternatives analysis of various proposed revisions in the Federal subsidy program is also conducted. Each alternative is examined on the basis of eleven criteria. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach are considered, and those alternatives, or combination of alternatives, appearing to have greatest potential, are recommended. Increased subsidies and public ownership have kept down fares and permitted service expansion, but have also encouraged wasteful cost escalation. In particular, Federal subsidies and earmarked state and local subsidies apparently have caused serious inefficiencies in the transit industry. Similarly, public ownership and public management have accelerated cost growth. The authors point out that the most promising revisions in the Federal subsidy program would be the combination of a multi-modal transportation block grant with a user-side subsidy fund for the disadvantaged. This would enhance equity as well as efficiency. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost control KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Level of service KW - Nationalization KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Regression analysis KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subsidies KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467989 AU - Midstate Regional Planning Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSERVATION AND CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE MIDSTATE PLANNING REGION PY - 1982/11 SP - 45 p. AB - This Energy Conservation and Contingency Plan was prepared with the intention of anticipating and dealing with problems created by a shortage of motor fuel supplies. The plan will suggest strategies to alleviate problems created during a fuel shortage such as helping the public cope during the crisis period and implement strategies to help reduce the long-term demand for fuel by reducing fuel consumption in times when fuel supplies are plentiful. KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Strategic planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461992 AU - Santa Clara County Transit District AU - San Jose, City of, California AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. SAN JOSE TRANSIT MALL, SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA PY - 1982/11 SP - v.p. AB - This Final EIS considers the environmental impacts of the construction of a Transit Mall in Downtown San Jose, California. The locally preferred alternative is Alternative 3B--a two street bus mall with capacity to accommodate light rail transit. Other alternatives considered are the Null alternative, Alternative 2A--a one-street bus mall on First Street and Alternative 2B--a two-street bus mall on First and Second Streets. Phase 1 for the three build alternatives would extend from San Carlos to St. James Streets. Possible future additions may extend the mall to Bassett Street two blocks to the north and to San Salvador Street one block to the south. Auto access and on-street parking would be limited on the selected mall streets to facilitate transit circulation. Pedestrian and transit patron congestion would be improved by widening of sidewalks and provision of a center median. The primary impact areas identified in this Final EIS include pedestrian and vehicular circulation, parking, land use, and noise. Of secondary significance are construction impacts and impacts on economic development, air quality, energy use and urban design. Also included in this Final EIS are responses to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS. KW - Construction KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Land use KW - Medians KW - Parking KW - Pedestrian flow KW - San Jose (California) KW - Sidewalks KW - Sound level KW - Traffic flow KW - Transit malls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275654 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387973 AU - Clark (Frederick P) Associates AU - North Hempstead, Town of AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR TOWN OF NORTH HEMPSTEAD: PARATRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1982/11 SP - 98 p. AB - This final report documents the authors' background investigations, analyses, findings and recommendations relative to improved services for the transportation disadvantaged residents of the Town of North Hempstead, New York. The intent is to identify and correct the transportation needs of the transportation disadvantaged. It includes an evaluation of the feasibility of a paratransit system within the Town, recommendations for improvements to existing facilities, and analysis of potentials for implementing study recommendations. Closely related to these objectives is a policy constraint that precludes additional financial commitment by the Town and requires that future services, resulting from this study, be operated by non-Town agencies and organizations. In this report, a detailed inventory of transportation services is described; demand estimates are presented and methodology is described. In addition, this report also includes an analysis of options for providing commuter parking at remote facilities linked by bus service to rail stations. The report states that although transportation provided for senior citizens is generally excellent (Town spends $86,000 per year for senior citizens services), there are virtually no Town-supported or Town-sponsored services for the handicapped. Recommendations are made for: 1) promoting a demand-responsive project for wheelchair-bound and other handicapped persons; and 2) developing a satellite parking program at the Port Washington train station. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Feeder buses KW - Local government KW - New York (State) KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Social service agencies KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205012 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382236 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GEORGE WASHINGTON BRIDGE BUS STATION ACCESS AND SERVICE STUDY PY - 1982/11 SP - 225 p. AB - Recent attention has focused on the declining use of the George Washington Bridge Bus Station and the search for possible methods, in particular Transportation Systems Management (TSM) techniques, which might stem the losses or reverse the decline. The objectives of this project are to study and develop recommendations that would improve this facility's attractiveness to users and its service to the community. The study examines access, patron services, communications, user and potential user attitudes, and other areas, in order to determine whether existing patrons can be better served and new ones attracted. Using this information the report goes on to identify existing problem areas, evaluate alternative TSM solutions to these problem areas and make recommendations. KW - Bus services KW - Bus terminals KW - Bus transit KW - Commuter buses KW - Competition KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Marketing KW - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey KW - Security KW - Transit buses KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377035 AU - University of Puerto Rico Consultants AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A PUBLIC INFORMATION CENTER, TASK 225, PROJECT PR-090009 PY - 1982/11 SP - 80 p. AB - Because San Juan's Metropolitan Bus Authority (MBA) already has a computer-aided dispatching system (CADS) under development, it has turned to investigation of an Automatic Transit Information System (ATIS) as the major component of a Public Information Center (PIC) which would provide information on MBA and the services it offers. While telephone information systems are not widely used in Puerto Rico, the MBA headquarters and division offices frequently do receive service inquiries. It is anticipated there will be a substantial growth in inquiries with a PIC. Along with fixed data in the computer file for generating trip itineraries, boarding times, stop locations and fares, it is expected that coordination with CADS will also make it possible to give arrival times of late trips. This final report surveys public information needs and existing capabilities, defines a PIC, and specifies equipment requirements and costs. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Passenger information systems KW - San Juan (Puerto Rico) KW - Specifications KW - Telephone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190823 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371595 AU - Cervero, R AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERGOVERNMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR FINANCING PUBLIC SERVICES: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/11 SP - 20 p. AB - This report sorts through the numerous issues surrounding transit subsidy policy and provides a rationale for sharing public transit costs. A range of factors bearing on intergovernmental responsibilities for financing public transit are examined. This report provides: 1) background material of transit subsidy policies; 2) analysis of the explicit goals of federal, local/operator, and state transit programs; 3) documentation of the benefits of public transit; 4) framework for allocating benefits of transit operations among levels of government; 5) additional insights for developing a cost-sharing rationale for transit; 6) study of the incidence of various tax sources used in financing the nation's transit services; 7) discussion of three plausible scenarios for financing the nation's transit services, and an examination of the fiscal, ridership, equity, environmental, and political ramifications of each; and 8) summary and recommendations on transit cost-sharing. The report states that: 1) study of the evolution of transit subsidy policy reveals that it has been shaped largely by ad hoc responses to ever-worsening industrywide fiscal crises; 2) analysis of the justification for transit subsidies suggests that only social equity arguments are defensible; 3) governmental regulations are partly responsible for transit's cost spiral; 4) the elimination of public subsidies could cause severe declines in ridership and increases in fares; and 5) a cost-sharing program whereby users pay one-half the nation's transit costs, localities one-quarter, and state/federal interests the rest appears called for. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - Local government KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Ridership KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371559 AU - Rickley, E J AU - Brien, M J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE TEST-RESILIENT WHEELS MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY GREEN LINE PY - 1982/11 SP - 81 p. AB - This document presents the results of noise and ground-borne vibration measurements made for three rail transit vehicles operating on the Green Line of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). The purpose of these measurements was to assess the noise and vibration performance of Sab-V resilient wheels compared with Acoustaflex (resilient) and solid-steel wheels, both in current use on the Green Line of the MBTA. Two Boeing Light Rail Vehicles (LRV) and one Presidential Conference Committee Car (PCC) were each equipped with a different wheel set: Sab-V, Acoustaflex, and solid-steel, respectively. Noise was measured inside the vehicles in the passenger seating areas and at wayside locations where groundborne vibration was also measured. The data presented in this report include comparative noise and vibration time histories, one-third octave and narrow band spectral analysis, and in-car statistical noise data. This report concludes that 1) statistical noise level data indicate that the high-level intrusive in-car noise was 1.5 to 3.8 dB less for the LRV equipped with Sab-V wheels than for the Acoustaflex-equipped LRV; 2) in-car statistical data show further that the Sab-V equipped LRV was approximately 10 dB quieter than the solid-steel wheel equipped PCC car; 3) wayside noise levels for the LRVs equipped with these two types of resilient wheels showed no significant difference on straight track; and 4) ground-borne vibration level measurements showed small differences in the average of the maximum acceleration levels between cars equipped with the different types of wheels tested. KW - Ground-borne vibration KW - In-car noise KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Noise KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad facilities KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resilient wheels KW - Sound level KW - Vibration KW - Wayside KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371566 AU - Yuan, L S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES: FEEDER SYSTEM MODEL USER'S MANUAL PY - 1982/11 SP - 95 p. AB - The Feeder System Model (FSM) is one of the analytic models included in the System Operations Studies (SOS) software package developed for urban transit systems analysis. The objective of the model is to assign a proportion of the zone-to-zone travel demand onto the station pairs of a planned guideway transit system. The assignment is based on trip time ration between using the existing system (so-called Feeder system) and the planned guideway system. The model output may be used as part of the data to compare different new systems operating in the same demand environment. Originally, the FSM was designed to generate patronage demand data for the automated guideway transit (AGT) system analysis. However, the FSM can be used for plannning studies for any guideway system. The modeling approach of the FSM is generic in nature; it is recommended for comparison of representative deployments only. Actually, the AGT system in the FSM is the guideway system under study (i.e., new system/service to be introduced in the community), and the feeder system is the currently existing local transit system. The FSM models the performance of both the fixed-route service operating on grid networks and the demand responsive service operating on the same network. Basically, the major function of the FSM is to assign patronage demand in a given area onto an AGT network operating in the same general area. This manual describes the organization of the model, the operational features, the required input, the procedure necessary for execution of the model, and the model output. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programs KW - Feeder buses KW - Fixed routes KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462876 AU - Barkan and Mess Associates, Incorporated AU - Westport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COORDINATED TRANSIT AND AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE FEASIBILITY STUDY. WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT PY - 1982/10 SP - v.p. AB - The study considers the changing perspectives on the role of cars, pedestrians, and transit in the Town center. It analyzes traffic, transit, pedestrians, and parking conditions in downtown Westport and develops an overall circulation plan that reflects existing and future transportation, economic, and environmental needs. In an effort to create an attractive Town center as a place for people, a pedestrian mall, pedestrian/transit, or pedestrian/transit modified automobile zone, and a new transit pulse point are considered. Better circulation and parking systems to accompany an improved pedestrian zone, and increased bus ridership, are seen as means of creating a strong, pleasant, vital Town center in the decade ahead. This cooperative effort of transit district, town agencies, merchants and citizens represents goals to improve pedestrian accessibility, develop a viable multi-use central business district, establish an efficient transit center, and facilitate bus flow. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Connecticut KW - Cooperation KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Land use KW - Parking KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Public participation KW - Ridership KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471497 AU - DMJM/Rotfeld AU - Raymond, Parish, Pine and Weiner, Incorporated AU - Bryant Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERMODAL TRANSFER FACILITY STUDY. PULSE POINT/UPTOWN REVITALIZATION PROGRAM, NORWALK, CONNECTICUT PY - 1982/10 SP - v.p. AB - The current on-street location of a transfer facility on Burnell Boulevard which was never intended to be permanent and which has been the subject of some criticism, prompted this report which seeks to find a permanent site for the facility which would be located uptown, be a catalyst for private development and be integrated into an overall revitalization of the area. An analysis is given on the existing facility, alternative sites and possible funding and financing alternatives. KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Private enterprise KW - Redevelopment KW - Revitalization KW - Transfer points KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban development KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281773 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468390 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT ROUTE EVALUATION PROGRAM FOR THE MONTACHUSETT REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1982/10 SP - 21 p. AB - The objective of this report is to adapt the evaluation program developed by Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company to the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) system for both fixed-route and paratransit transit routes by developing worksheets and analysis applicable to MART. This report consists of a brief review of the steps in the program with emphasis on MART's adaptations and improved scoring algorithm in the following sections: Introduction which describes the simplified aid for evaluating transit routes; Methodology for Transit Route Evaluation which describes the route evaluation procedure; An Improved Scoring Algorithm for Transit Route Evaluation which describes an improved scoring method developed after it was observed that the algorithm used did not adequately handle all realistic combinations of data; and Appendices. KW - Algorithms KW - Bus routes KW - Evaluation KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Routes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471495 AU - McDonald Transit Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FAYETTEVILLE/SPRINGDALE TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY. PHASE ONE PY - 1982/10 SP - 98 p. AB - The potential for public transportation in the Fayetteville/Springdale urban area is evaluated. Currently, the only fixed-route transit service available to residents in the area is the University of Arkansas Transit System which is restricted to use by students, faculty and staff of the University. University transit officials were not interested in going public with its service when originally approached on the subject. Six service concepts (four fixed-route and two paratransit) were selected for review and analysis. The six are: University of Arkansas Transit System goes public; City of Fayetteville contracts for incremental service with the University of Arkansas; City of Fayetteville operates separate transit system; No additional transit service; Subsidized taxi with user side subsidies; and Private non-profit van service. KW - Bus transportation KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Taxi services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - User side subsidies KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387971 AU - Russo, G A AU - Cook, C W AU - Berkshire County Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY: USE OF SCHOOL BUSES IN BERKSHIRE COUNTY PY - 1982/10 SP - 130 p. AB - An energy contingency plan intends to demonstrate how an area would meet essential transportation needs during an energy shortage while maintaining to the greatest degree possible mobility and normal economic functions. This report was prepared by the Berkshire County Regional Planning Commission staff to provide the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority, local communities, school department, and regional school districts in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, with technical guidance regarding the possible use of school buses to meet increased demands for commuter service during a future energy emergency. Discussed in this report is the school bus use strategy in times of an energy emergency as well as some of the accompanying issues--management issues/strategies and operational strategies. Recommendations for actions to be taken by affected agencies are included. Appendix 4 contains an analysis for each town. Overall, this analysis indicates that during such an emergency, some 70 school buses of the total 251 bus fleet might be used to provide commuting services for 2900 workers each day in 17 of the 32 Berkshire communities. This would save 1360 gallons of fuel each day (2.7 percent of commuting fuel). The report states that: 1) the $3,150 per day cost for this service can be offset by fares, resulting in minimal net cost to the region; and 2) additional energy conservation measures such as vanpooling and deferred trip making must also be implemented in all towns to effectively maintain essential transportation needs. KW - Commuting KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Massachusetts KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - School buses KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205011 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373805 AU - Edelman, J AU - Hungerbuhler, A AU - Ow, R S AU - Perez, D C AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIR CONDITIONING MODIFICATIONS FOR THE GMC RTS II SERIES 01 COACH (MODEL TH-8201) PY - 1982/10 SP - 96 p. AB - As part of its bus and paratransit technology research and development efforts, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration is conducting the Bus Subsystems Technology Project to help the transit bus industry solve serious equipment problems. The principal objective of this project is to reduce the recurring costs necessary to operate the U.S. bus fleet by developing improved subsystem technologies that can be adopted by operators and manufacturers in the near future. Air conditioning and ventilating system problems are some of the most urgent problems of the transit operator in terms of general reliability, maintainability, and efficiency. In an effort to improve the air conditioning system, a number of transit properties have made modifications to their coaches. Of these properties, VIA Metropolitan Transit of San Antonio, Texas, has devised, implemented, and tested modifications for their General Motors RTS II Series 01 advanced design bus. The primary objective of the modifications was to reduce bus air conditioning failures. This report presents the documentation and evaluation of air conditioning modifications devised by VIA Metropolitan Transit for the General Motors RTS II Series 01 advanced design bus. Major modifications include replacement and relocation of the condenser, replacement of certain components, including the compressor, and alteration of the control system. The documentation of the air conditioning modifications consists of detailed narrative descriptions, photographs and drawings (with major reference dimensions), a parts list, and procedures. The baseline bus, for which the modifications are applicable, is described together with a discussion of the objectives and goals of the modifications. The documentation material is sufficiently detailed so that other transit properties, if they so choose, may implement the same changes to their coaches. the air conditioning modifications focuses on their impact on component reliability and fuel economy. Data for the evaluation are from records normally maintained by VIA Metropolitan Transit. These records include repair history cards, fuel consumption records, and bus mileages. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Fuel conservation KW - Reliability KW - Retrofitting KW - Texas KW - Vehicle design KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371577 AU - Daetz, D AU - Bebendorf, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE LOS ANGELES AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING (AVM) DEMONSTRATION PY - 1982/10 SP - 108 p. AB - This report presents a socioeconomic impact assessment of the Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) Demonstration in Los Angeles. An AVM system uses location, communication, and data processing subsystems to monitor the locations of appropriately equipped vehicles (e.g., buses) operating within the area served by the system. Supplemented by a passenger-counting subsystem, and AVM system thus provides a transit operator with real-time display and automatic recording of data on schedule adherence, passenger boardings and alightings, and passenger loads. This information can be used in real-time by dispatchers to control the fleet's operation and later by planners and schedulers to improve schedules and vehicle productivity. For the demonstration, the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in Los Angeles equipped 200 buses for AVM operation on four routes. From April 1980 to June 1981, the AVM system tabulated data pertaining to schedule adherence and ridership on the test routes, with dispatchers taking control actions from September 1980 onward. In addition to this information, interviews with SCRTD's managers and surveys of AVM bus drivers and dispatchers were conducted to analyze how working with the AVM system influenced their attitudes about it. Other main areas of investigation included security aspects, AVM experience in other transit systems, and the capital and operating costs of AVM systems. The demonstration showed the AVM technology to be mature for use in transit systems, but also very dependent on the skill and commitment of affected transit personnel. Dispatcher control actions were successful in reducing the number of buses running ahead of schedule. Separate experiments showed that real-time AVM data expedites the location and interception of buses in an emergency, thus increasing transit security. The independent automatic passenger counting subsystem, as implemented during the assessment period, did not yield sufficient accuracy to fully meet the expectations of the schedulers and planners, but they generally considered the AVM data output well suited to realize savings through more efficient scheduling. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Dispatching KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Passenger counting KW - Scheduling KW - Security KW - Traffic delays UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372005 AU - Comparato, T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF V730 TRANSMISSION PY - 1982/10 SP - 42 p. AB - The Detroit Diesel Allison V730 transmission is a heavy duty, automatic, 3-speed, hydraulic transmission, currently installed in full size (35' and 40') transit buses with transverse mounted rear engines. This report presents the general approach and results of an evaluation to determine the reliability of the Detroit Diesel Allison V730 transmission. Since its introduction in late 1976, the V730 transmission has exhibited generally unreliable performance--reports of service life ranging from 2,000 to 45,000 miles. Transit properties have experienced a wide spectrum of problems. Many manufacturer modifications were introduced and this evaluation was conducted to ascertain whether the transmission is or is not improving. As background information, the report includes a discussion of the history of bus transmissions and a description of the V730. The market size of the bus transmission is compared with that for other applications (e.g., trucks, school buses). Annual V730 production levels are examined for the last six years. A simplified reliability analysis was devised. The mileage at the first-time failure of new transmissions was used as the reliability indicator. The analysis utilized an increasing transmission serial number as the indicator of a greater potential for an improved design. A correlation is made of serial numbers with achieved mileage (to first-time failure) to determine the degree of improvement in reliability. A transmission with a higher serial number is expected to exhibit a greater achieved mileage. The analysis was based on failure data collected from 15 transit properties. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Failure analysis KW - Hydraulic transmissions KW - Reliability KW - Service life KW - Transmissions KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185168 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371576 AU - Daley, D M AU - Leonard, E T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY 1981 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1982/10 SP - 35 p. AB - This document is the fourth annual report on rapid rail transit safety issued by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The 1981 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of rapid rail transit accident/incident and casualty statistics reported by the eleven rapid rail transit properties in the United States during 1981. The data used to compile this Annual Report has been taken from accident/incident information voluntarily submitted by the eleven rapid to the Federal Railroad Administration through its accident/incident reporting system. The eleven rapid rail authorities included in this report are: 1) BART - Bay Area Rapid Transit District; 2) CTA - Chicago Transit Authority; 3) GCRTA - Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority; 4) MARTA - Metropolitan Atlanta Regional Transit Authority; 5) MBTA - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority; 6) NYCTA - New York City Transit Authority; 7) PATCO - Port Authority Transit Corporation; 8) PATH - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation; 9) SEPTA - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority; 10) SIRTA - Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority; and 11) WMATA - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Light Rail Transit safety data is not included in this report. Safety statistics contained in previous editions of the Rail Transit Safety Annual Reports have been updated to reflect additional accident and casualty data received during 1981. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash data KW - Crashes KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184912 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372006 AU - BAKER, E K AU - Rushinek, S F AU - University of Miami, Coral Gables AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LARGE SCALE IMPLEMENTATION OF A TIME ORIENTED VEHICLE SCHEDULING MODEL PY - 1982/10 SP - 115 p. AB - The objective of this research project was the development of a vehicle scheduling model with three special properties: 1) the ability to solve large scale vehicle scheduling problems with time window and time dependent customer demand constraints; 2) the capability of being integrated within the Computer Assisted Routing, Scheduling, and Dispatching/Management Information System (CARSD/MIS) currently being developed by the Transportation Administration of Dade County, Florida for UMTA as a prototype for other coordinated paratransit services; and 3) the ability to provide operational solutions to vehicle scheduling problems obtained from the research literature and from CARSD/MIS database. This document reports the development of a time oriented vehicle scheduling model. The model is unique in its ability to incorporate easily time window and time dependent customer demand constraints. Solutions to the model are obtained through the use of a branch and bound procedure. A disjunctive graph model, similar to those employed in activity and job shop scheduling, is used in the solution procedure to obtain bounding information. The efficacy of this procedure is demonstrated on vehicle scheduling problems obtained from the research literature. The authors state that although the current implementation of the time oriented vehicle scheduling algorithm has been developed to meet the operational requirements of the scheduling module of the CARSD/MIS system, delays in the CARSD/MIS project prevented the required operational interface and testing. KW - Dispatching KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Paratransit services KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377040 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT: TRANSIT OPERATOR FACILITIES, VOLUME II: FIELD GUIDE PY - 1982/09 SP - 105 p. AB - The Field Guide is the second part of the Energy Conservation Handbook. Together with the Office Guide, the Field Guide provides step-by-step instructions for developing an energy conservation program for transit facilities. Because this part of the handbook focuses on data collection and on-site surveys, it has been published separately. Also included in the field guide are technical reference materials and a case study as appendices. The field Guide focuses on Steps 2 and 3 of the conservation program. Step 2 provides the instructions and necessary focus for collecting baseline data on a building's energy use, while Step 3 includes a checklist for conducting an on-site evaluation of the building's energy systems. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Energy conservation KW - Garages KW - Handbooks KW - Heating KW - Lighting KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Operating costs KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377039 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT: TRANSIT OPERATOR FACILITIES, VOLUME I: OFFICE GUIDE PY - 1982/09 SP - 36 p. AB - This handbook is designed to help transit systems save energy in bus maintenance, repair and operating facilities by developing and implementing a comprehensive energy conservation program. In the face of rising energy costs, falling revenues and limited funding for new facilities, energy conservation can help management make more efficient use of energy in existing facilities. From this perspective, conservation can be seen as a valuable resource that transit systems can tap to realize substantial savings in operating costs. This handbook presents practical, step-by-step instructions for developing and implementing a six-part energy conservation program. The program consists of the following elements: An energy conservation team; an energy profile to determine the facility's energy consumption patterns; a walk-through survey of the facility to evaluate existing energy systems and practices and to identify potential energy-saving measures; Implementation of no-cost/low-cost operating and maintenance actions for immediate energy savings from changes in building operations and maintenance procedures; Evaluation of energy conservation measures to determine the cost-effectiveness of retrofit projects involving changes in the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems; the roof, walls, doors and othe parts of the building; the lighting system and other major energy users; Establishment of a permanent conservation program to make energy conservation an ongoing part of transit operations and to develop employees' energy awareness. The handbook is directed to facility managers, operating and maintenance personnel, building engineers and other staff responsible for the efficient operation of transit facilities. The handbook is divided into two parts. The first part is an office reference guide. It provides a general introduction to energy conservation, an overview of conservation in transit facilities and step-by-step instructions. The second part to the handbook is a separate field guide. It is made up of the necessary forms and instructions for collecting and analyzing energy consumption data and conducting a walk-through survey to assess the efficiency of existing energy systems and to identify opportunities for conserving energy. Technical reference materials and a case study are included as appendices. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Energy conservation KW - Garages KW - Handbooks KW - Heating KW - Lighting KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Operating costs KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377041 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT: CURRENT TRANSIT OPERATOR ACTIVITIES PY - 1982/09 SP - 33 p. AB - This report describes the results of a national survey of energy management activities undertaken by 100 transit systems in the United States and Canada. Half the survey participants have an energy crisis contingency plan, though only three have ever implemented their plans. As many as four-fifths of the survey participants have implemented one or more measures to save energy in bus maintenance, repair and operating bases. Among the more popular measures--those implemented by more than 50 percent of the respondents--are actions designed to improve the efficiency of the hearing, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems or to improve lighting systems. Two-thirds of the participating transit systems report that open service doors in bus maintenance bays are a major source of heat loss. Slightly more than half have attempted to solve this problem. Fifty-five percent of the respondents have already implemented or plan to implement a driver training program to encourage fuel-efficient driving practices. In addition, survey participants report a variety of actions designed to increase the efficiency of petroleum-fueled bus fleets. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel conservation KW - Garages KW - Handbooks KW - Heating KW - Inventory KW - Lighting KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Operating costs KW - Strategic planning KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392882 AU - Vozzolo, D AU - Attanucci, J AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTERS PY - 1982/09 SP - 94 p. AB - This report summarizes the objectives and current application of automatic passenger counter programs in twelve North American transit properties. Findings are also presented regarding an assessment of APC technology on the basis of accuracy, equipment reliability, data turnaround time, and cost. The report concludes with a case study of the APC program in Ottawa, Ontario, the only North American property which currently depends almost entirely on APC techniques to supply their service planning needs. The primary objective of automated passenger counters is to efficiently acquire accurate data on passenger activity and transit travel times. These data, which are essential for on-going planning and scheduling activities, may include boardings, alightings, passenger loads, and vehicle running times. KW - Automated passenger counters KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Canada KW - Level of service KW - Operating strategies KW - Passenger counting KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Travel time KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56330/assessmentofaut8243mult_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207856 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387701 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - American Public Transit Association TI - HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TRANSIT BUS TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP APRIL 29-30, 1982 PY - 1982/09 SP - 98 p. AB - The Transit Bus Technology Workshop, held at the Transportation Systems Center on April 29-30, 1982, provided UMTA with current information on research, development, and technical assistance needed to improve the economy and performance of transit buses. The workshop was sponsored by UMTA's Office of Bus and Paratransit Systems, in cooperation with the American Public Transit Association's Bus Technology Liaison Board. Summaries of the individual speeches made during the general session and of the three working groups are in this document. The Workshop included: Introductory general session on the status of the transit industry and bus technology; three parallel working groups reviewing: (a) critical components of the vehicle; (b) maintenance facilities and rehabilitation and; (c) procurement aspects; and brief summary session for concluding remarks. KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Industries KW - Inspection KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Procurement KW - Reliability KW - Technology assessment KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384892 AU - Moore, C B AU - Moore-Johnson, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAVEL PATTERNS AND TRANSIT NEEDS OF WOMEN. VOLUME 1 PY - 1982/09 SP - 107 p. AB - The objective was to identify women's travel patterns and determine whether, and to what degree, the transportation needs of women are being met by the existing transit systems. The scope of the study provided for a survey of women in five geographically dispersed cities (Atlanta GA, Chicago IL, New Orleans LA, Seattle WA, and Washington DC), and site visits to transportation planning organizations/systems at each of the cities. One of the study's significant observation was the general lack of data on women's transit use, including specific information on trip purpose, time of travel, socioeconomic profiles, special needs and consumer satisfaction. KW - Consumers KW - Data collection KW - Females KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381042 AU - Sara, T S AU - McGowan, P N AU - Tuskegee Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION NEEDS OF THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED IN A SMALL CITY PY - 1982/09 SP - 53 p. AB - Although many studies have been done on the problems that the elderly and the handicapped have with using public transportation systems, not enough research has been done to determine their travel characteristics and transportation needs in a small city. This report helps to fill a gap by analyzing the needs and availability of transportation to the elderly and handicapped in Tuskegee, Alabama, a city of approximately 13,500. The purpose of this study was to investigate the travel needs of the elderly and the handicapped in Tuskegee and to compare these needs with those of the general population. The study also investigated the current modes of transportation available to the elderly and handicapped, and asked the residents' opinions for methods needed to improve the existing modes. A survey was used to obtain information regarding respondents' socioeconomic and physical characteristics, transportation requirements, and transportation availability. The survey revealed that the number of round trips made by both the elderly and the handicapped differed from the general population for essential and non-essential activities. The mode of transportation also differed for different groups of respondents, with the non-elderly handicapped having the highest reliance on private automobile and taxi and bearing the highest cost of transportation for all activities. The research also revealed that both the elderly and the handicapped chose cost and reliability as the most important factors in determining the availability/adequacy of a transportation system. A number of questions were included in the survey to get the respondents' opinion of the existing public or volunteer-provided transportation in Tuskegee. A review of literature and a bibliography are included. KW - Aged KW - Alabama KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Small cities KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380775 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Long Island Rail Road TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION AND PROGRAMMING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/09 SP - 62 p. AB - An overall technical study to develop a computer simulation model for the entire New York City transit system, including extensions now under construction, has been done in two phases. Phase 1 consisted of an inventory, evaluation and selection of an appropriate method for simulation of the complete system. Following selection of the method, a portion of the E and F lines of the IND Division was programmed for simulation and evaluation. Under Phase 2, the simulation was expanded to cover the entire system, as well as incorporating enhancements and improving the program developed in Phase 1. A validation of the expanded simulation model was performed. Completion of these two technical studies has provided NYCTA with sets of computer programs that can be used for validation of the location of crossovers and switches, validation of train control and operational criteria, and the ability to computerize train scheduling. This final report provides detailed information on the nature and objectives of the project, the work performed, and analysis of project results. KW - Computer programs KW - Mathematical models KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193575 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378933 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JACKSONVILLE TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/09 SP - 173 p. AB - The principal objective of the demonstration was to evaluate the impact upon sales of monthly transit passes that are promoted and sold through employers. The intent of the program was to place as few demands as possible on the employers who are enrolled in the program while increasing the convenience to employees of purchasing a pass and using the transit system. Employers were encouraged to institute a payroll deduction plan as a pass payment option to further increase the convenience of purchasing a pass. Many of the employers eventually began subsidizing part of the pass price as a further incentive for their employees to buy a pass. The major demonstration impacts and findings that have been documented during the course of this evaluation as they pertain to employers, employees, and the transit operator are summarized. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employers KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Passes KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377790 AU - Gelb, P AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - TAXI REGULATORY REVISION IN PORTLAND, OREGON: A CASE STUDY PY - 1982/09 SP - 70 p. AB - Interest in taxi regulatory revision stems from the taxicab's potential to complement or to be an alternative to conventional fixed-route transit. Taxi regulatory revision in Portland, Oregon, and other cities reflects the current awareness to reduce non-essential government involvement in private enterprise, to remove regulatory barriers, and to increase competition through open entry. This report is organized into 4 sections. Section 2 presents a brief overview of the taxicab legislative and administrative revisions adopted in Portland; Section 3 describes observed changes in local taxicab industry structural and service characteristics and rates; Section 4 discusses attitudes toward the new regulations and the local taxi industry as expressed by regulators and service providers; and Section 5 presents the case study conclusions and transferrable implications. KW - Case studies KW - Deregulation KW - Legislation KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378634 AU - Curry, D AU - Crowell, B AU - Reinke, D AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - California Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TSM (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT) PROGRAMS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1982/09 SP - 125 p. AB - The report describes and evaluates the planning and development process for transportation system management (TSM) in the San Francisco Bay Area. Case studies of a dozen illustrative TSM projects are presented and compared, including ramp metering, park and ride lots, neighborhood traffic constraints, flex-time, urban parking policies, training employer transportation coordinators, and regional transit coordinating committees. The effectiveness of the regional TSM planning process is appraised and suggestions for improvement are offered. KW - Coordination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Public transit KW - Ramp metering KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Staggered work hours KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371562 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Litant, I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF BART FIRE-HARDENING PROGRAMS PY - 1982/09 SP - 75 p. AB - This report presents the results of an assessment of the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART) vehicle fire hardening. The report assesses the overall effort to improve the fire safety of the current BART vehicles through the removal of prospective ignition sources, the substitution of more fire-resistant materials, the addition of a special fire-resistant coating on the under surface of the vehicle floor, and the placement of fire stops at strategic places in the walls and ceilings. Specifically, this assessment responds to ten concerns on these improvements that were expressed by the California Public Utilities Commission. Conclusions and recommendations pertaining to the fire-hardening program are presented in this report. The authors point out that the fire-hardening program will not eliminate fire and smoke incidents, but it will minimize the effect of such incidents. It is recommended that BART implement the proposed program as soon as it is practical to do so. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire retardant materials KW - Fire retardants KW - Fires KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Smoke UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371564 AU - Koffman, D AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TAXI SCRIP PROGRAM IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1982/09 SP - 82 p. AB - The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) took over a taxi user-side subsidy program from the City of Seattle in December 1978, which was based on the sale of discounted taxicab scrip. Metro expanded the program, raised the discount, and conducted a marketing campaign, which all lead to greatly increased program registration and use. In the script program, participants may buy up to $2000 worth of scrip per year at discounts which vary between 40% and 60%. The scrip may be used for taxi rides on 26 participating taxicab companies and the companies turn in the scrip to Metro for reimbursement. Metro prarticipated in a case study which would provide information about the program to planners, policy makers, and operators nationwide. The Seattle scrip program differs from user-side subsidies in four ways: 1) the program serves a much more populous area than any evaluated so far; 2) there was no limit on scrip purchase or program use for the first two and a half years of operation; 3) the program incorporated an income test for eligibility; and 4) Metro also operates a substantial amount of fixed-route, accessible bus service, which might also serve some travel needs of taxicab scrip users. The case study, which focuses mostly on 1981 operations, relied on interviews with Metro staff, analysis already conducted by the staff, scrip purchase records, taxi logs maintained by the companies, a survey of scrip registrants conducted by Metro, and interviews with taxicab operators. The program shows that: 1) a user-side subsidy can work in a larger city; 2) unlimited scrip purchases (up to May 1981) did not lead to excessive use, but did permit a few people to profit illegally from buying and reselling scrip to taxi drivers; 3) use of an income test did not lead to administrative or other difficulties; and 4) scrip users are a very different group from users of lift-equipped, accessible, fixed-route service. KW - Aged KW - Fraud KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371589 AU - Pue, A J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECENTRALIZED VEHICLE DISTRIBUTION AND ROUTING IN A LARGE AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION NETWORK PY - 1982/09 SP - 102 p. AB - Automated transit systems are a recent development in transportation technology, intended to serve urban regions and major activity centers such as airports, shopping districts, and universities. The purpose of this work, conducted under the heading of Network and Local Control, was to develop routing and dispatching techniques for vehicles in automated transit systems. In this report, the problem of efficiently routing vehicles from many origins to many destinations in a large automated transportation network is formulated as an optimization problem by using a performance index based on total, time-averaged travel time subject to the dynamic vehicle flow constraints of the network. The flow dynamics are based on a nonlinear model that uses link densities as the state variables. A solution algorithm is designed so that all control computations can be performed in a completely decentralized manner, where information exchange occurs only between physically adjacent wayside control computers. Computational studies of a four station, 58 link network are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, several suboptimal control schemes with reduced computational requirements are presented. This report concludes that the major result of this work was the development of a routing control algorithm with potential for online application. The traffic flow model is a first attempt at formulating and applying a macroscopic model for vehicle-follower automated systems. The author also noted that the general problem formulation given in this report has wider applicability beyond automated transportation systems. The formulation is related to routing problems in communications, air-traffic control, etc. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Car following KW - Decentralization KW - Dispatching KW - Mathematical models KW - Routing KW - Traffic distribution KW - Traffic flow KW - Vehicle distribution KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184924 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371561 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ATLANTA INTEGRATED FARE COLLECTION DEMONSTRATION PY - 1982/09 SP - 108 p. AB - This report describes the evaluation results of the Atlanta Integrated Fare Collection Demonstration. One of the main purposes of the demonstration, which was funded through the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration Program, was to assess the extent to which an unlimited-use transit pass serves to act as a fare and transit integration instrument for transit users who make intramodal and/or intermodal transfers. In addition to the issue of transit integration, this evaluation also examines four other major aspects of the Atlanta demonstration project: 1) the socioeconomic and transit ridership characteristics of pass buyers; 2) the ridership and revenue consequences of a systemwide fare increase and the ability of a pass to minimize the impact of a fare increase; 3) the bus-rail integration enhancements of a barrier-free rail station; and 4) the trip generation and diversion effect of introducing rail transit service. With regard to integration, the demonstration revealed that providing a coordinated system of feeder bus service to rail stations has the largest impact on intermodal integration, followed by a much smaller but still positive effect due to a pass. Although small in absolute terms, the effect of a transit pass on bus-to-rail integration appears to be slightly larger than its effect on bus-to-bus integration. The majority of individuals who buy a pass do so in order to save money. While convenience is also an important factor, few individuals reportedly buy a pass strictly for convenience and make fewer than the breakeven number of transit trips. While far from being a primary reason for buying a pass, the response "easier to transfer," was considered by some to be an ancillary benefit of having a pass. The results of this demonstration should be interpreted with the knowledge that MARTA operates with a flat fare and a universal system of free transfers. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare collection KW - Integrated fares KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371967 AU - Cima, B AU - Hildebrand, L AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE WASHINGTON, DC, PARKING ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1982/09 SP - 166 p. AB - This report documents the evaluation of the Washington, DC, parking enforcement program. This comprehensive program is operated by the District of Columbia, Department of Transportation (DC DOT). The program has resulted in the successful integration of civilian ticket writers, vehicle immobilization (with boots) and administrative adjudication into a coordinated parking enforcement program. The report describes the evolution and daily operations of the program. The productivity and cost effectiveness of the enforcement program are analyzed. The program impacts on travel behavior and demand are documented. The reactions of selected interest groups to the program and its financial implications are described. The final section of the report assesses the implications of this program for other urban areas. The positive results of the parking enforcement program in the District of Columbia and similar successes in selected other communities establish a clear rationale for the implementation of an on-street parking management and enforcement program. The transportation and financial benefits of such a program are clear, particularly in terms of decreased parking violations, increased on-street parking space availability, and major increases in net revenues to the city. A parking management program further provides significant other benefits, such as improved transit operations and productivity, improved quality of life in neighborhoods, improved safety, and improved air quality. KW - Adjudication KW - Booting KW - Enforcement KW - Law enforcement KW - On street parking KW - Parking regulations KW - Violations KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371582 AU - Gelb, P AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXI REGULATORY REVISION IN PORTLAND, OREGON: A CASE STUDY PY - 1982/09 SP - 71 p. AB - Interest in taxi regulatory revision stems from the taxicab's potential to complement or to be an alternative to conventional fixed-route transit. Taxi regulatory revision in Portland, Oregon, other cities reflects the current awareness to reduce non-essential government involvement in private enterprise, to remove regulatory barriers, and to increase competition through open entry. Taxi regulatory revision case studies have been completed in the cities of San Diego and Seattle. Other case studies now underway are in Oakland and Berkeley, California, as well as a retrospective study of revisions adopted in Indianapolis in 1973. These taxi regulatory revision case study evaluations have a common framework with the objectives of 1) documentation and analysis of the regulatory change process, and 2) assessment of impacts of changes on operators, travelers, and regulators. This report is organized into 4 sections following the introduction. Section 2 presents a brief overview of the taxicab legislative and administrative revisions adopted in Portland; Section 3 describes observed changes in local taxicab industry structural and service characteristics and rates; Section 4 discusses attitudes toward the new regulations and the local taxi industry as expressed by regulators and service providers; and Section 5 presents the case study conclusions and transferrable implications. For full descriptions of the pre-revisions taxi industry, background data on the Portland area, see report titled Taxi Regulatory Revisions in Portland, Oregon: Background and Implementation, September 1980, PB 82-218355. KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Legislation KW - Paratransit services KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Regulatory reform KW - Ridership KW - Taxicab companies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184918 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371586 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JACKSONVILLE TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1982/09 SP - 172 p. AB - This report describes the objectives and evaluation results of the Jacksonville Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration. The purpose of the demonstration was to assess the impacts resulting from the sale, distribution, and promotion of monthly transit passes by employers to employees. A promotional pass discount program was introduced in order to examine the sensitivity of pass price on pass sales. Employers were encouraged to institute a payroll deduction plan as a pass payment option to further increase the convenience of purchasing a pass. Some employers subsidized part of the pass price as a further incentive. In general, the employer-based JaxPass program (monthly transit passes) implemented by the Jacksonville Transportation Authority was a feasible and effective way to use employers to sell and promote transit passes. The report states that few employees were willing to buy transit passes that were priced initially at 20 round trips per month, which reflects a negligible discount compared to cash fares. Pass sales increased significantly, when a $2.00 discount was introduced and when certain employers began subsidizing passes. It was observed that few new transit trips were taken by pass purchases during off-peak or on weekends. Appendices in this report provide a description of the demonstration setting, and employer procedural guide, and employee questionnaire form. KW - Employers KW - Fare prepayment KW - Jacksonville (Florida) KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184922 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371579 AU - Fleishman, D AU - BURNS, I AU - Rodman, J W AU - Multiplications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POSTAL BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1982/09 SP - 67 p. AB - The decline of intercity bus service and worsening fiscal constraints gave rise to the search for new approaches to solving the rural transportation problem. This Postal Bus study was intended to examine the institutional, regulatory, and operational issues associated with the implementation and operation of the postal bus concept in the United States. The postal bus concept basically involves the use of vehicles engaged in the distribution and collection of mail along designated routes to serve passengers as well. Integration of mail and passenger service can be carried out through three arrangements: 1) a private mail carrier (under contract to U.S. Postal Service) carries passengers along its mail distribution routes; 2) a passenger carrier (under contract to U.S. Postal Service) transports mail; or 3) a combination of the first two--a passenger carrier or public body (under contract to a star carrier) provides passenger service. This study involved a review of previous research, documentation of current examples of the concept in the U.S. and in Europe, estimation of potential demand, investigation of applicable regulatory issues, and assessment of possible demonstration sites. Key issues addressed center on the operational and institutional feasibility of the postal bus concept in the U.S. The overall conclusion is that the postal bus appears to be a feasible approach to providing passenger service where none currently exists and for achieving greater efficiencies in the provision of both types of service. As such, the postal bus concept has considerable potential as a rural transportation option. KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Passenger-mail integration KW - Postal bus KW - Postal service KW - Rural areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371575 AU - Dorosin, E AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GOLDEN GATE VANPOOL TRANSPORTATION PROJECT PY - 1982/09 SP - 66 p. AB - The Golden Gate Vanpool Demonstration Project (GGVDP) was an UMTA-sponsored Service & Management demonstration project that began operations in October 1977 and terminated June 30, 1980. The grantee, Golden Gate Bridge Highway & Transportation District, is a toll bridge authority and multimodal public transportation agency in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. It operates buses and ferries, controls a toll bridge, and shares control of a high-occupancy vehicle highway lane that feeds into the bridge and leads to the San Francisco employment area. The project was designed to test the feasibility of a public sector transportation agency promoting the formation of vanpool groups and then transitioning these groups into nonproject vans. This Summary Report presents the major findings and innovations of the GGVDP over a three-year period of time. The demonstration successfully tested a public transit agency's ability to institutionally create and administer a vanpool program, and to convert the vanpool groups from project vans into private vanpool arrangements. The data collected and analysis performed have been condensed into this summary format to facilitate broad dissemination to others involved in or considering promoting ridesharing. The Interim Report (July 1979, PB 300-685, A14) covered project operations from July 1977 through June 1978. It provides detailed documentation of early project design issues and an extensive analysis of early marketing activities, costs, and vanpool operations. KW - Brokerage KW - Private enterprise KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Transit operators KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371563 AU - Attanucci, J AU - Vozzolo, D AU - BURNS, I AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE JULY, 1980, SCRTD (LOS ANGELES) FARE INCREASE PY - 1982/09 SP - 75 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the July 1980 fare structure revision planned and implemented by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD). The changes included increases in both cash fares and monthly pass prices for different user groups; however, the most significant revision involved a substantial increase in the cash transfer charge. This report presents: 1) the results of the analysis of the impacts of SCRTD fare increases; 2) the impacts on total ridership and individual frequency of use of the SCRTD system; 3) the impacts of the fare structure modifications on fare payment used by the riders; and 4) conclusions drawn from the results and implications for future research. This evaluation indicates that SCRTD realized a substantial and stable increase in revenue without a significant ridership loss. However, there was a loss in non-work, off-peak discretionary trips. The majority of the new revenue generated was a result of a substantial increase in monthly pass sales. Major shifts in fare payment method were detected (from cash to pass for transferring passengers). The authors state that the most significant findings showed a large number of individual riders (40%) entering or leaving the system, increasing or descreasing frequency of use, as a result of changes in personal activity and not of fare structure revisions. The methodology used included an innovative retrospective panel interview, that is, riders using the system prior to fare changes were contacted months after the revision to determine what changes, if any, were made in their travel patterns. KW - Fares KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Ridership KW - Transfers KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371591 AU - Nevel, W C AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS RTA DECENTRALIZED PARATRANSIT BROKERAGE PROGRAM PY - 1982/09 SP - 186 p. AB - This document presents a review and assessment of the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority's (RTA) Paratransit Brokerage Demonstration Program which involved six projects implemented by local governments under RTA's decentralized brokerage program. The project focus was on an investigation of the institutional impacts of the RTA's decentralized approach to paratransit brokerage. The RTA is responsible for providing public transportation in the six-county Chicago metropolitan area. The RTA's brokerage program (Service Development/Demonstration Grant Program) was designed to achieve maximum paratransit service with a minimum amount of centralized staff. The program aims to encourage municipalities to plan, operate, implement, and monitor a variety of paratransit services, either in geographic areas or for special users (elderly and handicapped), that cannot support fixed-route, fixed-schedule service. Three projects served the elderly and handicapped, and three projects served the general purpose market. Each project was unique in program, management, and operations. The author states that although a number of problems were experienced in this demonstration, most were resolved, and the approach proved to be workable. A paratransit department was created. Paratransit in each of the local project areas continues with RTA and local funding. The program has been expanded to include 24 communities, which represent over 1,400 square miles in the region. Applications have been received from a additional 48 communities. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Decentralization KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Illinois KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371104 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE MILWAUKEE COUNTY USER-SIDE SUBSIDY PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY PY - 1982/09 SP - 106 p. AB - Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, instituted a user-side subsidy program in June 1978 for handicapped users of taxi and chair-car services. The program is funded entirely by county and state contributions. A distinctive feature of the program is that, unlike other user-side subsidy programs that serve both the elderly and the handicapped, Milwaukee County's program serves only handicapped persons. The program limits eligibility to persons requiring the use of a wheelchair, those using a walker or crutches, and the legally blind. The program provides door-to-door transportation for eligible persons using the services of private taxi and chair-car companies. Participants pay the first $1.50 cost of a trip. The program subsidizes the remaining cost, up to a maximum of 9.50 per trip depending upon handicap classification. The program has devised simple administrative procedures for subsidy distribution and has spent approximately 12 percent of the 1980 budget of $1 million on administrative activities. The county's paratransit industry has expanded since the institution of the program and providers appear to be competing actively for program ridership. Enrollment in the program by the eligible population is high, with wheelchair users making the majority of program trips. The program offers a high level of service to the county's most severely handicapped residents, and Milwaukee County's experience should help others anticipate and meet the demand of handicapped persons for low-cost, accessible service. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Services KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - User side subsidies KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371106 AU - Cima, B AU - Hildebrand, L AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE WASHINGTON, DC, PARKING ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1982/09 SP - 166 p. AB - This report documents the evaluation of the Washington, DC, parking enforcement program. This comprehensive program is operated by the District of Columbia, Department of Transportation (DC DOT). The program has resulted in the successful integration of civilian ticket writers, vehicle immobilization (with boots) and administrative adjudication into a coordinated parking enforcement program. The report describes the evolution and daily operations of the program. The productivity and cost effectiveness of the enforcement program are analyzed. The program impacts on travel behavior and demand are documented. The reactions of selected interest groups to the program and its financial implications are described. The final section of the report assesses the implications of this program for other urban areas. The positive results of the parking enforcement program in the District of Columbia and similar successes in selected other communities establish a clear rationale for the implementation of an on-street parking management and enforcement program. The transportation and financial benefits of such a program are clear, particularly in terms of decreased parking violations, increased on-street parking space availability, and major increases in net revenues to the city. A parking management program further provides significant other benefits, such as improved transit operations and productivity, improved quality of life in neighborhoods, improved safety, and improved air quality. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Booting KW - Central business districts KW - Enforcement KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Parking KW - Parking meters KW - Parking regulations KW - Towing devices KW - Violations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371103 AU - Barber, E J AU - Wagner, D W AU - Ellis, R H AU - Hallenbeck, M E AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NEWPORT NEWS, VIRGINIA, EASYRIDE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1982/09 SP - 248 p. AB - The Easyride transportation brokerage demonstration in Newport News and Hampton, Virginia was initiated in July 1978 to assess the effectiveness of transportation brokerage in achieving higher vehicle occupancies. Easyride is a service of the Peninsula Transportation District Commission, the transit authority serving the cities mentioned above. Easyride promotes that form of ridesharing which best serves a site's employee's needs by collecting trip data at employment sites and providing matchlist and ridesharing promotional materials. Easyride provides special transportation service for the handicapped through Handi-Ride, a demand-responsive transportation service involving both Easyride-provided service as well as contract services provided by a local taxi company. Easyride also brokers special transportation services through a 16(b)(2) procurement review program and a vehicle leasing program available to local social service agencies. Easyride's experience with the rates of matchlist usage and carpool formation demonstrate the need for assistance to employers with follow-up promotions to matchlist distribution. Easyride's Handi-Ride program demonstrates that this type of service can be provided effectively through a combination of user-side subsidies and publicly operated service. A 16(b)(2) procurement review policy and a vehicle leasing program for social service agencies can be useful elements in a comprehensive special services transportation coordination effort. The most significant demonstration finding is that a brokerage program offers a transit authority opportunities to provide alternatives to conventional fixed-route-and-schedule bus service. Brokerage enables the transit authority to provide service extensions in areas and markets unsuited to fixed-route transit and, where appropriate, to substitute alternative service for existing bus service which is not cost-effective. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Vanpools KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368263 AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND SOURCES OF REVENUE OF SELECTED TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES PY - 1982/09 SP - 39 p. AB - In an effort to evaluate alternative management structures and to develop a comprehensive bus policy, 10 transportation authorities were contacted for information on their management structures and means of financing transit services. Information was provided by seven authorities (from Washington, D.C., Maryland, New York City, Niagara, New York State, Chicago, Atlanta, and Rhode Island). The study shows that these transportation authorities generally are public bodies which function as independent policy making and operating entities. The authorities have little if any, accountability to their states' Departments of Transportation. The majority of them receive operating funds from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The service areas of the authorities consist of a major city and some of the adjacent nearby counties or communities. All but one of the authorities provide both bus and rail service and also manage and operate their own transit services. Details of the information provided by the seven authorities are presented. KW - Bus transportation KW - Districts and authorities KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179067 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389892 AU - Resources, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY TO IDENTIFY EFFECTIVE, EFFICIENT AND TRANSFERABLE MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISE (MBE) STRATEGIES WITHIN A MULTI-MODAL TRANSIT SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT. RESULTS, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1982/08/23 SP - v.p. AB - This study provides guidance on the most effective methods for promoting full participation by minority business enterprises (MBEs) in transit-related opportunities. While historically the development, construction and operation of a rapid transit system offers business opportunities, MBEs have ben unable to secure any significant amount of such business. The study identifies effective and transferable MBE strategies; identifies operation, maintenance and land-development phases of a new rapid transit system; identifies key decisions in transit system development which have substantial impact on MBEs to compete for business; and identifies the entry mechanisms (policies, procedures and programs) which should be put in place and issues which must be raised at each critical entry point to facilitate participation by MBEs. KW - Business development KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Contractors KW - Economic development KW - Land use KW - Legal factors KW - Maintenance practices KW - Minorities KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462883 AU - Karver, J AU - Nelson, A AU - Real Estate Research Corporation AU - Evanston, City of, Illinois AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY AND MARKETING STRATEGY STUDY. EVANSTON TRANSPORTATION CENTER DEVELOPMENT PY - 1982/08 SP - 60 p. AB - An intermodal Transportation Center in Downtown Evanston is analyzed for the potential of using presently vacant land as a site for a private office development. The financial feasibility of the proposed development is analyzed in terms of financial returns to investors based on existing and projected construction costs and market rents. Internal rates of return are developed based on various levels of public subsidy. The Study concludes that under current market conditions (high interest rates and a shortage of lendable funds), the project is only marginally feasible. KW - Development KW - Evanston (Illinois) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Intermodal transportation KW - Marketing KW - Office buildings KW - Passenger terminals KW - Real estate development KW - Return on investment KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274355 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373775 AU - Barker, W G AU - Barker (William G) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - North Central Texas Council of Governments TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING: TAXI AND SCHOOL BUS USE IN DALLAS-FORT WORTH PY - 1982/08 SP - v.p. AB - The Regional Transportation Council for the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area has investigated the use of taxicabs and school buses as a means of alleviating any fuel crisis. Taxi operations were first examined for their feasibility. Then the effect of gasoline prices on taxi service viability was determined. It was found that certain taxi services would be of benefit to the public during fuel shortages provided that there was a profit incentive for individual owner-drivers to institute these services. To maintain a viable taxicab industry during gasoline shortages or price increases, escalation clauses in taxicab rate ordinances were recommended. Use of school buses for public transportation is faced with institutional issues, but there was optimism that these could be overcome. The prototype case study concluded that use of school buses was not a cost effective method of fuel conservation, but that integrating them into a public transit system could effectively increase transit use. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel prices KW - Fuels KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - School buses KW - Taxicabs KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469272 AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGING TRANSIT RIDERSHIP WITH SHORT TERM ECONOMIC INCENTIVES PY - 1982/08 SP - 52 p. AB - This ridership management report documents a new marketing orientation towards the provision of transit service--a behavioral marketing approach. It is a compromise between 2 approaches (consumer and product) and based upon principles of behavioral psychology. The study focuses on short term economic incentives, namely, promotional pricing--a short term pricing policy aimed at influencing a consumer to try a particular product. The economic incentives discussed in this report are an extension of promotional pricing and refer to the broad range of pricing manipulations, both fare-related (free fare, reduced fare, etc.) and non-fare related (rebates and coupons for discount on merchandise, service, etc.). Private sector involvement in supporting transit is strongly encouraged and viewed as one of the primary purposes of these incentive programs. The purpose of this document is to give the reader an overview of the variety, type, and nature of short-term economic incentive programs implemented by transit systems. Several examples of economic incentive programs designed to promote transit are reviewed along with a framework/perspective for understanding these case studies. The framework was derived from psychological research and practice (reinforcement theory), and from contemporary marketing and management perspectives. The 14 case studies reviewed illustrate the range of incentive programs implemented and highlight the more successful methods by which the reinforcement theory might be integrated with modern marketing and management approaches. The final chapter of this document discusses how to develop these incentive programs along with recommendations for the best way of implementing such programs. KW - Attitudes KW - Case studies KW - Economic benefits KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Pricing KW - Private enterprise KW - Promotion KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/4000/4600/4634/930.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56461/managingtransit8805penn_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279752 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468001 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - L.I. MACARTHUR/RONKONKOMA TRANSPORTATION HUB FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1982/08 SP - v.p. AB - A multimodal transportation hub facility located near the Ronkonkoma Railroad Station and Long Island-MacArthur Airport providing rail, bus, and air services, has been actively considered since the early 1960's. Wilbur Smith and Associates, in association with Gladstone Associates, Omni Consultants, Inc., and Wallace, Roberts and Todd under contract to Suffolk County have systematically reviewed the Ronkonkoma Transportation Hub concepts, and determined the transportation and non-transportation benefits which would accrue to Long Island residents as a result of its implementation. Key study objectives included were: Improving transportation services; integrating air, rail, bus and vehicular modes of travel creating a hub of transportation activity; identifying non-transportation related joint development options to enhance overall community growth; and, preparing alternative site plans which are both financially feasible and beneficial to the community. KW - Coordination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Joint development KW - New York (New York) KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471466 AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority AU - Boston Redevelopment Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. BOSTON GREEN LINE AT NORTH STATION: ALTERNATIVE IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1982/08 SP - v.p. AB - Rail modernization project consisting of improvements, including potential relocation of existing elevated transit service in the vicinity of North Station, Boston, Massachusetts, in support of proposed urban revitalization by the Boston Redevelopment Authority. Three improvement options plus the No-Action Alternative are evaluated in this document. The improvement options are: Alternative 1A, which provides improvements to the existing facilities, including noise, safety, and access improvements; Alternative 3, a relocated elevated facility; and Alternative 5C, a subway on a new alignment. The North Station district redevelopment efforts provide the MBTA with the opportunity to improve deteriorating transit facilities, to upgrade light rail service and to integrate light rail service with commuter rail and heavy rail service. These transit facility and service improvements can be designed as an integral part of the district's proposed new development creating a multi-modal transportation hub which serves the North Station area, the Central Business District, the metropolitan Boston area, and the northside commuter rail service area. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Modernization KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382616 AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - FRIES, R H AU - HAQUE, I AU - Arnold, G AU - Nelson, S AU - Transportation Test Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT CAR DEMONSTRATION TEST PROGRAM ON THE ROLL DYNAMICS UNIT. VOLUME I: STATE-OF-THE-ART-CAR (SOAC) CREEP FORCES AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE ON THE ROLL DYNAMICS UNIT PY - 1982/08 SP - 153 p. AB - This report documents two separate studies aimed at verifying and demonstrating the capabilities of the Roll Dynamics Unit (RDU), which is part of the Rail Dynamics Laboratory located at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado. During testing, the RDU's potential for simulating actual track conditions was explored and results were correlated with measurements taken during in-track testing. Other efforts focused on the RDU's use as a laboratory instrument by which selected performance parameters can be varied, and the responses of a single rail vehicle measured, under controlled conditions. Testing involved use of the Number One State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC), one of two such vehicles developed under UMTA's Urban Rail Vehicle and Systems Program (URRVS). The 90,000-pound intra-city, rapid transit vehicle, configured as an "A" Car capable of independent or two-car operation, was tested on the TTC's Transit Test Track to provide in-track data. It was then installed on the RDU for the testing described. Information on SOAC technical/historical development and URRVS program highlights are presented as background for the discussion of the results. Volume I was conducted by TTC personnel under the technical counsel of the University of Arizona and Clemson University personnel and concerned itself with rail vehicle stability. The specific objectives of Volume I were to : 1) determine test requirements for measuring the creep force characteristics of the SOAC on the RDU; 2) determine test requirements for dynamic tests of the SOAC on the RDU--these tests were intended to provide data for comparison and improvement of analytical vehicle dynamic models; and 3) develop software for estimation of the creep force characteristics of the SOAC on the RDU and to use this software to make a preliminary analysis of the RDU creep force characteristics. This work was planned as the first phase of a longer project to develop testing procedures for vehicles on the RDU, and to provide a method, using the theory of rail vehicle lateral dynamics, to extrapolate roller rig test results to behavior in the field. This report discusses the tests, test results, creep force identification processes, and preliminary comparisons of dynamic test results with theoretical results. This project demonstrated that the testing methods, creep coefficient identification technique, and dynamic theory validation approach all produced useful results. A number of specific conclusions in each area were also reached. The other study, Volume II, involved separate testing, done by TTC personnel, in such traditional performance areas of transit vehicle operation as traction, acceleration/decelaration, energy consumption, and spin/slide performance. Intrack results were compared to RDU measured responses and the resulting excellent correlation demonstrated the feasibility of RDU testing. KW - Creep KW - Dynamic tests KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail dynamics unit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rolling contact KW - Simulation KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Train track dynamics KW - Training simulators KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validation KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198605 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365567 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: INFORMATION SOURCE BOOK PY - 1982/08 SP - 89 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation have kept up with developments in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies have maintained up-to-date microcomputer references for transit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is an assorted collection of information sources for microcomputers in transportation. It contains information pertaining to: (1) microcomputer information and training; (2) microcomputer software for transportation; (3) UMTA/FHWA microcomputer projects in progress; (4) microcomputer projects in progress by various sponsors; and (5) microcomputer equipment and software. KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems programs KW - Computers KW - Hardware KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Research projects KW - Software KW - Specialized training KW - Traffic engineering KW - Training KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378899 AU - Lyons, D L AU - Lipowitz, I AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NONUTILIZATION OF SPECIAL TRANSPORT SERVICES BY THE ELDERLY IN URBAN AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. (FINAL REPORT) PY - 1982/08 SP - 131 p. AB - This the final report of a research study that examines the demand side of special transportation services for the elderly in Washington, D.C., as well as the reasons why eligible elderly in urban areas do not utilize such services. The objectives of this research were: 1) to analyze reasons given by the elderly for not using available transportation services; 2) to determine the extent of use by the elderly; 3) to construct socioeconomic profiles of eligible elderly who do/do not utilize special transportation service; 4) to identify problems encountered by providers in reaching the elderly population; and 5) to formulate recommendations for solving the problems identified. Data collection and interviews for this case study focus on the city of Washington, D.C. According to the 1980 census report--16.2 percent (103,635) of the Washington, D.C. population are age 60 and over. The authors of this case study report state that: less than 15 percent of the urban elderly utilize the special transportation services; reasons given by the elderly users and nonusers are grouped in four categories--alternatives available, lack of information, service characteristics, and pride. This report provides a list of survey sites, interview forms used in the study, and a list of references. KW - Aged KW - Human factors KW - Marketing KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378898 AU - Lyons, D L AU - Lipowitz, I AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NONUTILIZATION OF SPECIAL TRANSPORT SERVICES BY THE ELDERLY IN URBAN AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY) PY - 1982/08 SP - 7 p. AB - This is the Executive Summary of a study that examines the demand-side of special transportation for the elderly as well as the reasons why eligible elderly in urban areas do not utilize such services. The objectives of this research were: 1) to analyze reasons given by the elderly for not using available transportation services; 2) to determine the extent of use by the elderly; 3) to construct socioeconomic profiles of eligible elderly who do/do not utilize special transport services; 4) to identify problems encountered by providers in reaching the elderly population; and 5) to formulate recommendations for solving the problems identified. Data collection and interviews for this case study focus on the city of Washington, D.C. According to the 1980 census report, 16.2 percent of the Washington, D.C. population are age 60 and over (103,655 of the 638,333 D.C. population). This case study report states that: less than 15 percent of the urban elderly utilize the special transportation services in Washington, D.C.; reasons given for the nonutilization of special transportation services by the elderly users and nonusers can be grouped into four categories--alternatives available, lack of information, service characteristics, and pride. This report provides a list of references, a list of survey sites, and interview forms used in the study. KW - Aged KW - Human factors KW - Marketing KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371959 AU - Barnett, A J AU - Cihak, F J AU - Jones, P D AU - Neff, J AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U.S. TRANSIT INDUSTRY NEEDS THROUGH THE YEAR 2000 AND RECOMMENDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1982/08 SP - 59 p. AB - Forecasts are made for the twenty-year period 1981-2000 of U.S. transit industry bus and rail car needs, rail facilities needs, operating and manpower needs. Transit capital needs forecasts are based on a transit system survey and mathematical models. Major issues that will affect the transit industry over the next twenty years and recommended UMTA research and development activities to address these issues ae identified. The annotated bibliography cites reports and articles that (1) make projections of relevant transit industry needs and (2) identify factors outside the industry that will affect transit in the future. KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Financing KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Forecasting KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Procurement KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185138 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371966 AU - Androscoggin Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NEEDS: NON-URBANIZED ANDROSCOGGIN AND FRANKLIN AND OXFORD COUNTIES PY - 1982/08 SP - 134 p. AB - Nonurbanized areas covered in this study encompass 4000 sq mi and a population of almost 100,000. After identifying existing paratransit services provided by the Western Maine Transportation Services and estimating the transport needs of the area, the study attempts to evaluate alternative modes for serving the needs. There is a general agreement that WMTS is meeting the needs of transportation disadvantaged and that there is no need for daily fixed route operation although some areas might have scheduled once-weekly service. Some increase in availability of local demand-responsive service may be justified. It is recommended that carpooling and vanpooling can best serve work-trip needs and that WMTS vehicle deployment and scheduling should be studied for possible improvement. KW - Carpools KW - Maine KW - Paratransit services KW - Rural areas KW - Travel demand KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371923 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1982/08 SP - 184 p. AB - This directory contains descriptions of research, development, demonstration, and training projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Together, these projects constitute the Federal program of technical assistance for urban transportation. The focus of this report is on activities which took place in fiscal year 1981 (FY 81), which began on October 1, 1980 and ended on September 30, 1981. Throughout the report the reader will discern a renewed emphasis on helping to solve the practical problems experienced within the transit industry. Wherever possible, UMTA is now funding R&D projects with near-term potential that will lead to timely and cost-effective solutions which can be implemented at the local level. Increasingly, the R&D agenda is being shaped by the industry itself, through active communication among representatives of transit agencies, State and local governments, planning agencies, manufacturers and suppliers, transit patrons, the research community, and UMTA staff. Most of the projects described in this volume are funded under Sections 6, 8, 10, or 11 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. KW - Administration KW - Buses KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technological innovations KW - Tunneling KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56442/innovationinpub0600unse_4.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587405 AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Description of the San Diego Trolley: San Diego Trolley Implementation Process Evaluation PY - 1982/07 SP - 20p AB - Following an 18-month analysis of transit alternatives, the San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board of Directors made a determination that the San Diego Trolley was a feasible project in June 1978. Final design engineering was initiated in January 1979, the first construction contracts were awarded in December 1979, and revenue service was initiated in July 1981. This paper reviews the following: Planning and approval; System characteristics; System operations; Forecasted patronage; Costs and funding; and Rail freight operations. KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Freight service KW - Planning KW - Ridership KW - San Diego Trolley KW - System design KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56382/descriptionofsan07unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462854 AU - Daetz, D AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EL SEGUNDO EMPLOYMENT CENTER SUBSCRIPTION BUS SERVICE DEMONSTRATION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/07 SP - 19 p. AB - The UMTA-funded El Segundo Employment Center Bus Service Demonstration, also known as the BEEP (Bus Express Employee Program) Demonstration, was undertaken by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) to test a new concept in premium bus service developed by investigators at The Aerospace Corporation of El Segundo, California. "Employment Center Bus Service: (ECBS) was specifically designed for "satellite" (non-CBD) employment centers to overcome the typical service and economic limitations of both regular fixed-route bus service and regular subscription bus service. ECBS targets routes and schedules for employees of particular shifts, but also takes advantage of the different shift times in the employment center by scheduling buses for multiple trips each morning and each afternoon. Other key features of ECBS include: 1) fares linearly related to trip length and less than the cost of operating an economical automobile; 2) riders pay only for trips taken in return for accepting an oversubscription policy that may occasionally result in some riders having to stand; 3) the number of stops is kept relatively small so as to maintain near-express service; and 4) service on a particular route is initiated and continued only where there is sufficient demand. SCRTD initiated its 7-bus, 14-route BEEP service on June 1, l978. It overcame some start-up reliability problems with BEEP and demonstrated that ECBS is operationally manageable. Daily ridership, which initially was lower than 100 (for 28 bus trips), nearly doubled as a result of a 7-day free-fare period in October 1978. Ridership rose slowly until the 1979 gasoline shortage. Average daily boardings soared to a peak of 1,301 on May 21, 1979, and averaged 924 and 1,000 for the months of boardings/day. SCRTD continued BEEP after the demonstration ended on May 30, 1980. Almost seventy percent of BEEP users had previously commuted alone by car. In just two years, BEEP garnered a mode share among eligible employees approximately twice that of SCRTD's regular transit service (8% to 4%, respectively) and between one-third and one-half as great as that of carpooling and vanpooling combined. However, BEEP did not achieve the 60% farebox recovery rate that had been sought by its planners. As a result of low fares, lower-than-expected average ridership per trip, and, in the last year of the demonstration, a less efficient set of routes than ECBS calls for, steady-state revenues were only 23% of costs. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - El Segundo (California) KW - Employee participation KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Subscription bus service KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274334 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373812 AU - Jordan, C W AU - Alabama A&M University, Normal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES FACING PARATRANSIT OPERATIONS IN A SMALL URBAN AREA PY - 1982/07 SP - 79 p. AB - The concept of paratransit has been studied and in many instances implemented as a service to either feed the existing mass transit systems or to supplement that service. In addition, paratransit services have been demonstrated in some communities to be viable solutions to the transportation problem of the mobility disadvantaged segment of the populace. The role which paratransit can potentially serve in increasing mobility and meeting other national goals related to transportation deserves careful study and thorough analysis. In this report, problems and obstacles which may lessen that role potential are studied. This report includes a case study profile of the paratransit systems that are operating in Huntsville, Alabama. This case study involved the following activities: 1) identifying and classifying the types of paratransit systems which are operating locally; 2) qualifying the extent, nature, and source of problems associated with this type of service; 3) developing alternative strategies which will remove or lessen the impact of these problems; and 4) recommending problem solutions and policy guides which would increse the utility of this type of service. A profile of each paratransit system reveals the legal and regulatory framework in which paratransit systems currently operate. Further analysis also indicates the barriers or problems inherent in the requirements of these statutes. As indicated in the report, regulatory changes in some areas may provide a less restrictive environment for the operation of paratransit services and therefore increase their role and productivity. KW - Aged KW - Alabama KW - Government regulations KW - Institutional issues KW - Legal factors KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Regulations KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189972 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373811 AU - Jordan, C W AU - Alabama A&M University, Normal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROBLEMS AND OBSTACLES FACING PARATRANSIT OPERATORS IN A SMALL URBAN AREA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/07 SP - 10 p. AB - The concept of paratransit has been studied and in many instances implemented as a service to either feed the existing mass transit systems or to supplement that service. In addition, paratransit services have been demonstrated in some communities to be viable solutions to the transportation problem of the mobility disadvantaged segment of the populace. The role which paratransit can potentially serve in increasing mobility and meeting other national goals related to transportation deserves careful study and thorough analysis. In this report, problems and obstacles which may lessen that role potential are studied. This report includes a case study profile of the paratransit systems that are operating in Huntsville, Alabama. This case study involved the following activities: 1) identifying and classifying the types of paratransit systems which are operating locally; 2) qualifying the extent, nature, and source of problems associated with this type of service; 3) developing alternative strategies which will remove or lessen the impact of these problems; and 4) recommending problem solutions and policy guides which would increase the utility of this type of service. A profile of each paratransit system reveals the legal and regulatory framework in which paratransit systems currently operate. Further analysis also indicates the barriers or problems inherent in the requirements of these statutes. As indicated in the report, regulatory changes in some areas may provide a less restrictive environment for the operation of paratransit services and therefore increase their role and productivity. KW - Aged KW - Alabama KW - Government regulations KW - Institutional issues KW - Legal factors KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Regulations KW - Small cities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189971 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371945 AU - Rainville, W S AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - BUS SCHEDULING MANUAL. TRAFFIC CHECKING AND SCHEDULE PREPARATION PY - 1982/07 SP - 215 p. AB - This volume is viewed today as a classic reference on manual scheduling practices. It represents a comprehensive effort made over 30 years ago to pull together the state of the practice in this field, and many of those practices still remain valid today. Because of the classic nature of this reference, it is reproduced unchanged from its original edition. Operators today should note that some of the technological references in the original volume are dated, and that the advent of hand calculators, data management systems, and microcomputers may have facilitated some of the processes described. These areas in the report should be fairly easy to recognize. The original report describes in detail an approach for establishing and revising transit schedules and illustrates it with the experiences of a representative transit company. Individual chapters cover passenger load data, running time data, the headway order, compiling the terminal sheet, run cutting, and distribution of schedule information. The document should be especially useful to transit planners and operations managers with responsibility for establishing schedules. KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Headways KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger counting KW - Run cutting KW - Running time KW - Scheduling KW - Timetables KW - Traffic assignment UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56349/busschedulingma8223unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471487 AU - Johnson (Bernard) Incorporated AU - Harmon (Robert J) and Associates AU - Fry Welch and Associates, PC AU - District of Columbia Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FORT LINCOLN TRANSIT CONNECTOR STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/07 SP - v.p. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a transit connector between Fort Lincoln New Town (FLNT) in Northeast Washington, D.C. and a Metrorail station by 1990. To evaluate the feasibility of a transit connector, alternative routes/modes were selected based on previous studies and community comments. Analysis of these alternatives resulted in the selection of four alternatives which were then subjected to more intensive scrutiny. Chapter 1 is the introduction which includes a history of Fort Lincoln New Town and the various connector proposals; Chapter 2 deals with existing and projected conditions in the study areas; Chapter 3 covers the development of goals and the community involvement process; Chapter 4 deals with the generation and screening of alternatives; Chapter 5 is the description and evaluation of the final alternatives; and Chapter 6 covers findings and recommendations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Communities KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Light rail transit KW - Public relations KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281767 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378705 AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRENDS BEFORE THE SAN DIEGO TROLLEY--A SAN DIEGO TROLLEY GUIDEWAY IMPLEMENTATION MONITORING STUDY REPORT PY - 1982/07 SP - 176 p. AB - This report contains a general description of the San Diego area and the San Diego Trolley. The transportation, land use, economic and social characteristics of the area served by the San Diego Trolley are presented. The overall objective of the monitoring effort is to document the changes which will occur in the South Bay corridor following implementation of the Trolley. To the extent feasible, the changes which can be attributed to the Trolley will be separated from the general impacts of growth and change in South Bay. This information will be used in planning and implementing future extensions of the San Diego Trolley. It will also be of value to other regions in their consideration of the light rail transit option. KW - Demographics KW - Feeder buses KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Light rail transit KW - Ridership KW - San Diego (California) KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel patterns UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56627/trendsbeforesan8240unse_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7037/935.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191864 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371569 AU - Albright, R AU - Cummings, S AU - Jessiman, W AU - Slavin, H AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ARTICULATED BUS REPORT PY - 1982/07 SP - 172 p. AB - Escalating transit deficits have led the transit industry to search for methods for improving productivity and reducing operating costs. In seeking these objectives, there has been renewed interest in the cost-saving potential of high-capacity articulated buses. This study examines the performance of articulated buses under actual operating conditions. It documents current applications of these vehicles in revenue service, service characteristics in these settings, maintenance experience to date, and the costs and benefits of articulated bus utilization in comparison to comparable deployments of conventional coaches. This study is based on experiences in eleven cities with the articulated bus manufactured by Maschinenfabriken-Augsburg-Nurnberg (MAN) Aktiengesellschaft of West Germany, in partnership with AM General (AMG) of the United States. The eleven cities are: Seattle, Washington; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Chicago, Illinois; Phoenix, Arizona; Oakland, California; San Francisco/Marin County, California; Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; Atlanta, Georgia; Washington, DC; and Minneapolis, Minnesota. The AMG/MAN vehicles are the only articulated buses in use in the United States in sufficient numbers to permit evaluation of their performance and service impacts. The 60-foot AMG/MAN bus has a capacity approximately 50 percent more than that of a 40-foot conventional bus, which makes it possible to substitute articulated buses for conventional buses in some fractional ratio. The major attractiveness of articulated buses is the driver labor cost savings which results from the elimination of in-service buses when articulated buses are substituted in such a fractional ratio. On the other hand, the articulated bus has a capital cost of 80 to 100 percent higher than that of a conventional bus, requires more costly and frequent maintenance, and takes somewhat longer to complete in-service runs due principally to differences in dwell times at stops. The authors point out that the analysis conducted suggests that the substitution of articulated buses for conventional coaches may not necessarily be cost-beneficial in many instances. Where articulated buses are substituted in some fractional ratio less than one, longer wait times and in-vehicle times are among the likely impacts which must be traded off along with the cost savings that can often be achieved. Careful analysis is, therefore, required to judge the merits of any local application. KW - Articulated buses KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Germany KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Technology KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184907 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371578 AU - Curry, D A AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRIP: THE TRANSPORTATION REMUNERATION AND INCENTIVE PROGRAM IN WEST VIRGINIA, 1974-1979 PY - 1982/07 SP - 145 p. AB - Between July 1974 and June 1979, the State of West Virginia was host to the largest Federal demonstration program for improving rural transit service called Transportation Remuneration Incentive Program (TRIP). The remuneration part of TRIP (ticket sales program) was a user-side subsidy scheme entailing the statewide sale of discounted travel tickets to qualifying low-income elderly and handicapped persons. The other part of TRIP (transit development program) entailed the provision of technical and planning assistance, buses, and operating subsidies for rural bus service in five of the state's eleven planning and development regions. This report describes and evaluates a five-year federal and state financed demonstration of state-administered subsidies for rural transit users and providers in West Virginia. The demonstration pioneered the use of multi-modal user-side subsidy tickets for some 12,000 low-income elderly and handicapped residents of West Virginia and the creation of new or expanded rural bus service in the five regions. Significant mobility improvements were experienced by the eligible group of TRIP ticket recipients and by clients of social service agencies, who were often provided special service by the rural bus systems. The taxi industry also benefits because taxis were chosen for about 40 percent of ticket recipients trips. Viable rural bus service persists in the five regions, aided in part by TRIP ticket use and in part by continuing local, state, and federal support. KW - Aged KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rural areas KW - Social factors KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371593 AU - Winkler, H B AU - Shea, K M AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF THE MBTA MAGNETIC CARD FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM PY - 1982/07 SP - 52 p. AB - Observation over the years by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) indicated that a significant number of passengers entered the system without using a valid pass. Fraudulent entry was gained using various methods of deceit, the most common of which involved invalid or falsified passes. The magnetic card fare collection system was designed to provide the MBTA passengers with the option of obtaining a monthly pass and to establish a barrier to reduce loss of revenue and unrecorded ridership. The objective of this study was to describe and assess the MBTA's new fare collection system in sufficient depth in order to allow the managers of other properties to assess the applicability of the MBTA system to their fare collection needs. This report presents a system and subsystem description of the MBTA magnetic card fare collection system, which was introduced on November 1, 1980. Included is a preliminary assessment of performance of system operation based on data collection during the second and third months of operation. The objective of the magnetic card fare collection system is to allow the MBTA to continue to make monthly passes available to the public while relieving the collector of the burden of ticket-by-ticket validation. Fraudulent entry into the system is greatly reduced by requiring passengers using cards to enter through the turnstiles as token users do. Each station in the rapid transit system has a minimum of two turnstiles that have modified to allow entry via a magnetic card as well as a token. It was determined that: 1) passengers have no difficulty in using their magnetic cards to gain entry; 2) there is no noticeable difference in the time needed to pass through a turnstile with a card as compared with a token; 3) the magnetic card system has allowed the MBTA to lock the gate used with the previous paper pass system, thus forcing all passengers to use the turnstiles, thereby establishing a system which should stop fraud and increase revenues and recorded ridership; and 4) turnstiles that accept tokens can be easily retrofitted to allow entry via a magnetic card. KW - Fare collection KW - Fraud KW - Magnetic cards KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Turnstiles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372192 AU - Bullard, D L AU - Conway, P L AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF NEW PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN TEXAS PY - 1982/07 SP - 210 p. AB - This report presents the results of an evaluation of the short-term effects of implementing new public transportation systems in Kerrville, Port Arthur and Midland, Texas. Major emphasis was placed on identifying the personal and travel characteristics of those groups of individuals which use the transit services on a regular basis. In addition, the effects of the new transit systems on energy conservation, traffic congestion and the demand for parking were also identified, as were the effects on retail establishments and other providers of transportation services. Input from community leaders and the general public was also sought on the effects of the new transit systems. Finally, a set of generalized guidelines for use in planning and implementing new public transportation systems in other small Texas cities was developed based on the experiences in Kerrville, Port Arthur and Midland. KW - Competition KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Fixed routes KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Taxicabs KW - Texas KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369741 AU - Weisbrod, G AU - Loudon, W AU - Pitschke, S AU - Reid, P AU - Rittenhouse, B AU - Hazard, H AU - Wojno, J AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - DOWNTOWN CROSSING: AUTO RESTRICTED ZONE IN BOSTON PY - 1982/07 SP - 334 p. AB - The Downtown Crossing auto restricted zone, implemented in 1978, involved the elimination of all auto traffic from a zone of twelve blocks encompassing six different streets in Boston's central business district. Some of the blocks were pedestrian-only zones, some were originally a transitway and later converted to a pedestrian-only zone, and some remained open only for taxi access. A series of physical improvements, including bricking of the streets and the placement of benches, new lighting and information kiosks, was completed in 1979. Additional aspects of the project included the extension of local bus route to better serve the auto restricted zone, and extensive promotion activities. The evaluation report examines conditions before, during, and after construction of the Downtown Crossing zone, including organizational arrangements and impacts on traffic movement, transit ridership, goods deliveries, pedestrian movement, air and noise quality, shopper behavior, and business conditions. The study found that pedestrian activity and store purchases increased following the closing of the streets, although most of the increase was attributable to midday trips by the large number of office workers nearby. There were also clear shifts from auto to transit as a mode of travel for both area employees and other shoppers. Expected increases in traffic congestion on nearby streets did not occur; in fact, there was a decrease in overall traffic volumes in the area due to both the mode shift among area visitors and the diversion of some traffic to streets much further away. Both businesses and pedestrians felt the program was helpful in improving downtown conditions. KW - Before and after studies KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Central business districts KW - Delivery service KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Modal shift KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Public transit KW - Retail trade KW - Ridership KW - Taxicabs KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic restraint KW - Vehicle restrictions UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5608/932a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365753 AU - Duke, J F AU - Blanchard, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION MODEL PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL PY - 1982/07 SP - 704 p. AB - In order to examine specific automated guideway transit (AGT) developments and concepts, UMTA undertook a program of studies and technology investigations called Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objectives of one segment of the AGTT program, the System Operations Studies, were to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate performance and cost, and to establish guidelines for the design and operation of AGT systems. This document provides a detailed description of the design, programming logic and implementation of the Discrete Event Simulation Model (DESM). The DESM provides the capability to model the operation of a mass transit system operating over a network composed of guideway links and station within a given time period. KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Operating costs KW - Operations research KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365756 AU - Shea, K M AU - Whitley, M R AU - Mahapatra, B S AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF LOW-COST ELEVATORS FOR NEAR TERM APPLICATION IN TRANSIT STATIONS PY - 1982/07 SP - 64 p. AB - This study of low-cost elevators for use in existing transit stations was commissioned by the Transportation Systems Center and included a four-day site study of screw column elevators manufactured by the Ebel Company of Brussels, Belgium. The site studies were made at the company offices and plant and at Belgian elevator installation locations. Information was obtained on current practices pertaining to screw column elevator operation in Belgium, on current screw column elevator design, on code considerations both in Belgium and the United States, and on the Ebel Company's policy regarding the manufacturing of the product in the United States. The assessment team also studied design, construction, maintenance costs, and actual use. KW - Accessibility KW - Belgium KW - Design standards KW - Elevators KW - Inspection KW - Low costs KW - Maintenance KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rail transit stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177672 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587422 AU - Schwartz, Martin L AU - Miami University, Oxford AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Factors Which Act as Barriers to the Adoption of Urban Rail Transit Innovations PY - 1982/06/17/Final Report SP - 180p AB - Exploratory research was performed to identify factors that acted as barriers to the adoption of urban rail transit technologies. Vehicle programs analyzed include the Advanced Concept Train (ACT-1), the Advanced Subsystems Development Program (ASDP), the State-Of-The-Art Car (SOAC), the Stored Energy Propulsion for Rapid Rail Cars (Flywheel ESU), the Morgantown People Mover, Dual-Powered Gas Turbine/Electric (GT/E) Commuter Rail Cars, and Standard Light Rail Vehicles (SLRV's). Factors which appeared to impede the adoption of rail transit technologies were grouped into five barrier categories: 1) performance/reliability barriers; 2) transportation authority financial barriers; 3) the cost of capital investment barrier; 4) the mismatch between buyer needs and new products developed; and 5) inadequate demonstrations of innovations. The extent to which the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has addressed these barriers is also discussed. KW - Barriers to innovation KW - Innovation KW - Rail transit UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56399/factorswhichact0600mart_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468010 AU - BAILEY, J M AU - Lippman, S S AU - Baltimore Regional Planning Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROGRAM FOR EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION. APPENDIX TO VOLUME 2. RESPONSIBILITIES PY - 1982/06 SP - 59 p. AB - In this Appendix, the measures planned are arranged according to the jurisdiction, agency or organization that is responsible for them. A rough schedule for implementation covering Fiscal Years 1983-1987 is presented for each action. KW - Air pollution KW - Energy consumption KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468009 AU - BAILEY, J M AU - Lippman, S S AU - Baltimore Regional Planning Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROGRAM FOR EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 2. DETAILED ACTIONS PY - 1982/06 SP - 85 p. AB - This volume gives a detailed account of the measures to be implemented. For each measure a chart showing implementation schedules and funding levels is provided. Region-wide costs and benefits are estimated for each measure, with costs for specific actions shown where possible. The eight measures include: ridesharing; park-and-ride and park-and-pool lots; bus and rail transportation; traffic flow improvements; employer-based programs; parking management; clean and efficient driving; and bicycling. KW - Air pollution KW - Bicycles KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Employers KW - Energy consumption KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridesharing KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468008 AU - Canner, L C AU - Lippman, S S AU - Baltimore Regional Planning Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROGRAM FOR EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION. VOLUME 1. OVERVIEW PY - 1982/06 SP - 77 p. AB - This document identifies measures to be undertaken in the Baltimore Region between now and 1987 to improve the transportation system. It sets forth a schedule of actions which, when carried out, will improve air quality, reduce energy use, and enhance personal mobility. Together, these actions will help the region attain Federally established air quality standards by 1987 and help individuals cut their transportation costs significantly. KW - Air pollution KW - Energy consumption KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Quality of service KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366939 AU - Morin, S J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, SECTION 15, REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1982/06 SP - 398 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the UMT Act of 1964, as amended. The report consists of two sections: Section 1 contains industry aggregate statistics only, while Section 2 contains detailed financial and operating data on individual transit agencies. The current edition contains transit industry statistics compiled from the Section 15 data submitted by the transit agencies for fiscal years ending between July, 1 1979 and June 30, 1980, the second year of operation of the Section 15 reporting system. KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Crash rates KW - Deployment KW - Energy consumption KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Ownership KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Subsidies KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56481/nationalurbanma0601step_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378929 AU - MCR Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DENVER RTD RANGE EXTENSION STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/06 SP - 130 p. AB - This final report presents the results obtained in Task 4, Recommendations, of the Battery-Electric Bus Range Extension Study. In the second section of the report, the five range extension techniques, i.e. battery exchange (baseline); hydro-pneumatic regeneration to recover braking energy; fast recharge at the mall terminals; series hybrid: on-board internal combustion engine and generator which changes the battery; and combination of hydropneumatic regeneration and fast recharge. The third section of the report covers the system evaluation factors, rating schemes and facts, boundaries and weights. The results of the system evaluation and MCR Technology recommendations are presented in section four. The last section of the report covers the implementation program outline for the recommended range extension technique. KW - Auxiliary power units KW - Battery chargers KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric buses KW - Emergency power supply KW - Energy storage systems KW - Regenerative braking KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192045 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365718 AU - Uher, R A AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF THE TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMATION PROGRAM PY - 1982/06 SP - 174 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the rail portion of the Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP), which was designed to collect and analyze equipment reliability data on U.S. transit systems. This assessment was conducted at the end of its experimental phase. The objectives of this evaluation were to determine how well TRIP achieves its stated objectives, identify the costs and benefits of the program, and make recommendations for improvement. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Information systems KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177651 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365474 AU - Hargrove, J Q AU - Merritt, H W AU - Mitchell, D J AU - Gillan, G K AU - McCullam, W AU - Gannett, Fleming, Corddry & Carpenter, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION STUDY DESIGN PY - 1982/06 SP - 204 p. AB - This is a study to design and determine the costs of upgrading and modernizing the Nation's rail transit facilities. The design includes a discussion of the modernization/rehabilitation issues, the development of a rail system evaluation methodology, a detailed study plan to establish the modernization/rehabilitation requirements for all of the rail transit facilities, and the study cost and period of performance schedules. Basic terms were defined and program goals established. A quantitative decision-making method for rail modernization projects is described and includes the determination and definition of the system elements to be evaluated; the measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measure of effectiveness standards; and performance indicators that provide estimates of the benefits to be derived from proposed improvements. KW - Capital KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Estimates KW - Light rail transit KW - Modernization KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Renovating KW - Systems engineering KW - Track structures KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177514 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365552 AU - Lerew, R T AU - Pekarcik, J T AU - Smith, R D AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U.S. RAPID RAILROAD DOOR SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT REPORT PY - 1982/06 SP - 104 p. AB - This report presents the results of an assessment of railcar door system reliability. It addresses the question of whether the rail transit industry is experiencing excessive door system reliability problems, and if so, what options are available to improve the performance reliability. A door system reliability baseline was developed and a comparison of six U.S. transit systems' relative door system reliability was performed. The six transit systems studied were BART, CTA, MARTA, MBTA, NYCTA, and WMATA. The study addresses the general factors influencing door system reliability and the site-specific problems uncovered during the on-site investigation. The report provides recommendations regarding specific problems identified during the study. KW - Crash investigation KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Doors KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Studies KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365520 AU - Duke, J F AU - Blanchard, R AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SYSTEMS OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS - DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION MODEL USER'S MANUAL PY - 1982/06 SP - 314 p. AB - In order to examine specific Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) developments and concepts, and to build a better knowledge base for future decision-making, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) undertook a new program of studies and technology investigations called the UMTA Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) program. The objectives of one segment of the AGTT program, the System Operations Studies (SOS) were to: (1) develop models for the analysis of system operations; (2) evaluate performance and cost; and (3) establish guidelines for the design and operation of AGT systems. This document describes the organization, operational features, user requirements, and procedures necessary for execution of the Discrete Event Simulation Model (DESM). KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Input output routines KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365540 AU - Uher, R A AU - Sharma, O AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POWER RATE STRUCTURE ASPECTS OF ENERGY COST FOR RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1982/06 SP - 61 p. AB - In electric rail systems in the United States, energy cost is generally determined by the components of the energy use pattern and the power rate structure of the serving utilities. The components of the energy use pattern, which are power facilities, energy consumption, and power demand, are principally influenced by equipment and system design and operating practices that are controllable within limits by management. The power rate structure may be a matter of negotiations between the transit property and the electric utilities serving it. The subject of this report is a result of an investigation of the power rate structure of the utilities serving U.S. rapid rail transit properties. The results are presented in a way which can be used in energy management programs to develop energy cost reduction strategy models. A survey was conducted on the ten rapid rail transit properties in the United States. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Costs KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric utilities KW - Operating costs KW - Public utilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rates KW - Utilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371568 AU - Muotoh, D AU - Bamberg, W AU - Moore, H AU - Berger, K AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF ATLANTA AIRPORT AUTOMATED TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1982/06 SP - 235 p. AB - This report presents the results of the Automated Transit System at the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport. This system was manufactured, installed, and is operated under contract by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The system is one of six installations of Westinghouse systems presently in operation. This assessment was conducted as part of a project for Assessment of Transit Technologies which include new technology developments. The system assessed for this report employs technology improvements not found on previous installations. The deployment of operational switches makes it adaptable to wider variety of urban transit requirements. This report includes a description of the installation of the Automated Transit System and a review of the technical subsystems, as well as an evaluation of system performance, system cost, and system implementation history. During the assessment, the system was measured on the requirements for urban transit application. Information and data presented were collected through a comprehensive process involving literature surveys, site visits, interviews with airport and manufacturer's personnel, and reviews of operating and maintenance logs. This report discusses the major findings resulting from this assessment. It was found that the major technological differences between the Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport Automated Transit System and the other Westinghouse systems already assessed include the microprocessor-based train control system and the use of operational switching. KW - Airports KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Guideways KW - Maintenance KW - Operations KW - Switches KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365750 AU - Seekell, F M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENTS OF THE SKILLCRAFT SMALL BUS PY - 1982/06 SP - 63 p. AB - The Skillcraft (low floor) "Transmaster" Bus was manufactured in Venice, Florida, and was built to UMTA Small Bus specifications. The low-floor characteristics of the bus make it valuable to Florida's elderly population. The State aided in the purchase of two prototypes of these vehicles for Sarasota County Area Transit (SCAT) and has requested revenue service data be kept on vehicle operation, maintenance history, and rider reactions. UMTA participated in the evaluation of this vehicle. The purpose of the test program was to provide a technical review of the coach. The testing included a thorough review of the materials, dimensions, component list and general configuration of both the larger and smaller coach. Performance tests were conducted, runs were made at full seated load weight and in unloaded conditions, with and without accessory equipment and for special concerns such as stability, hill climb, top speed and similar capabilities. The report states that drivers and operations personnel were pleased with the coaches. KW - Aged KW - Bus design KW - Bus performance KW - Buses KW - Evaluation KW - Floors KW - Low floor vehicles KW - Minibuses KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457373 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL USER-SIDE SUBSIDY INVENTORY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/05 SP - n.p. AB - The User-Side Subsidy (USS) method of supporting and stimulating the supply of public transportation has the potential for more efficient and better targeted uses of public funds than traditional, provider-side subsidies. UMTA's Service and Methods Demonstration program has supported numerous demonstrations of the USS concept, applied primarily to providing low-cost taxi transportation to the elderly and handicapped. Applications to E&H use of taxis are widespread. Use for other modes, and for other user groups have appeared. In 1981 Crain & Associates conducted a nationwide inventory of USS applications to assess the extent of USS use, to determine the amount of variation in methods of administration and application; to locate sites for further study; to identify applications which might provide the basis for future demonstration; and to learn about innovative uses of USS. The survey covered each state's Section 18 contact as well as each state's transit funding officials. The intent was not to produce a complete list of all USS applications, but to provide a reasonable picture of current practices. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Intercity travel KW - Low income groups KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451481 AU - Kemp, M A AU - Everett, C T AU - Spielberg, F AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PROSPECTS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN U.S. CITIES PY - 1982/05 SP - 83 p. AB - This report comes from a study commissioned by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Office of Budget and Policy. It addresses two of the study's three main objectives: to identify those developments that could have the greatest effects on the economics of service provision over the next 10 to 15 years and to identify and explore possible near-term public policy initiatives (particularly) those open to UMTA in response to likely developments). Findings from previous research studies that developed medium-term forecasts about urban transportation are collected, critiqued, and interpreted. Major implications for urban public transportation economics are drawn from them and analysis and comment are added. CONTENTS: Preface: The Purpose and Scope of This Report, Acknowledgements; The Current Economics of Urban Public Transportation: A Summary of the Current Situation, The Structure of This Report; The Future Environment for Public Transportation: The Consensus from Previous Studies, Some Refinements, The Likely Evolution of Cities Through the Year 2000, The Implications for Public Transportation; Other Important External Forces: The Growth of Potentially Disadvantaged Groups, The Availability and Price of Petroleum Fuels, Other External Forces Affecting Urban Transportation, Summary of the Likely Effects of External Forces; Possible Developments in the Supply of Services: The Context for Urban Passenger Transport Policy, Increasing Competition in Service Provision, Local Policies to Foster Competition; Some Broad Directions for Federal Policy: Federal Assistance, The Federal Research Role, Other Federal Policies Influencing Urban Transportation; References. KW - Competition KW - Contingency planning KW - Economics KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Petroleum industry KW - Public policy KW - Services KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266680 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378930 AU - MCR Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DENVER RTD RANGE EXTENSION STUDY. TASK 2--SYSTEM DEFINITIONS. TASK 3--SYSTEM PY - 1982/05 SP - 95 p. AB - This working paper presents the results obtained in Task 2: System Definition and Task 3: System Assessments of the Battery-Electric Bus Range Extension Study of the Denver Regional Transit District (RTD) study. The buses were tested on the following range extension techniques: baseline system battery exchange; hydro-pneumatic regeneration system to recover braking energy; fast recharge at the Mall terminals; series hybrid: on-board internal combustion engine and generator which charges the battery; and combination of hydro-pneumatic regeneration and fast recharge at the Mall terminals. KW - Auxiliary power units KW - Battery chargers KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric buses KW - Emergency power supply KW - Energy storage systems KW - Regenerative braking KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365715 AU - Uher, R A AU - SATHI, N AU - SATHI, A AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority TI - ENERGY COST REDUCTION STUDY OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY METRORAIL SYSTEM. VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/05 SP - 202 p. AB - The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) has established a program for reducing its overall energy costs. The objectives of this two-volume study were to classify the energy used by Metrorail into its primary end uses, and to identify those energy conservation strategies that have the highest potential for reducing energy costs. Although support energy (energy used in passenger stations, office buildings, and maintenance shops) is considered in this investigation, the primary emphasis is on traction energy (running the trains in revenue operation). The study involved analyzing the present energy costs, developing cost-effective energy conservation strategies, simulating the energy cost savings associated with these strategies, recommending the appropriate strategies for implementation and outlining a program for executing the recommendations. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Lighting systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365716 AU - Uher, R A AU - SATHI, N AU - SATHI, A AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority TI - ENERGY COST REDUCTION STUDY OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY METRORAIL SYSTEM. VOLUME 2: APPENDICES PY - 1982/05 SP - 268 p. AB - This study is the first time that the Energy Management Model (EMM), developed for the transit industry by the Rail Systems Center at Carnegie-Mellon University, was comprehensively applied to a rapid transit property. The application to Metrorail was verified by comparing the simulated results to actual data obtained from the Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO). The simulated results agree to within 3 percent of the actual energy consumption. Five energy conservation strategies were recommended for implementation based on high benefit and low cost, namely: coasting, catch-up operation, passenger load factor improvement, regeneration of braking energy, and passenger station lighting improvements. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Electric power supply KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Lighting systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating strategies KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regression analysis KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation lighting KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177650 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365611 AU - Nelson, J T AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Mugglestone, T A AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF GROUNDBORNE NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM RAIL TRANSIT TRAINS: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1982/05 SP - 222 p. AB - This interim report presents an annotated bibliography that has been compiled as part of a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the prediction and control of groundborne noise and vibration created by rail transit operations. Included in this bibliography are over 300 references, most with annotations, of literature pertaining to groundborne noise and vibration. The selected references include published articles and books from the standard literature, in addition to many unpublished references. The unpublished references are of particular interest since it is these reports that often contain the most current information about the techniques that are being used by transit systems to control groundborn noise and vibration, and the practical problems that may have developed when the methods were implemented. These unpublished references primarily consist of reports prepared by consultants for transit systems and unpublished papers presented at professional society meetings. KW - Abstracts KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Bibliographies KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Vibration KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365522 AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - DAVIS, C J AU - Kunkel, M J AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECISION PROCEDURES FOR PARATRANSIT MARKET SELECTION AND SERVICE EVALUATION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/05 SP - 8 p. AB - This research addresses the transit manager's basic problem of deciding how to increase transit service availability while at the same time improving its efficiency by implementing new services to attractive market areas and discontinuing existing services to unproductive markets in a timely manner. These decisions depend upon good marketing information on the one hand and good service evaluation data on the other. This study focuses on both sides of this transit management decision problem, and presents unified procedures that simultaneously deal with both the marketing and service evaluation problems. In the marketing problem, transit service opportunities in growing suburban markets are identified. For the service evaluation problem, the focus is on analysis of existing services and justification of the elimination of unproductive services. A service development process that illustrates the joint use of the evaluation procedures in conjunction with a market analysis is identified. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Service discontinuance KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Systems management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365538 AU - Zimmerman, W F AU - DESHPANDE, G K AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ESCALATOR DESIGN FEATURES EVALUATION PY - 1982/05 SP - 53 p. AB - This study provides an evaluation of the effectiveness of several special design features associated with escalators in rail transit systems. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three escalator design features: (1) mat operation in a single direction and reversible operation; (2) two-speed option (90 or 120 or both); and (3) the use of extended flat steps. The study evaluated these design features based on the impact of each on capital and operating costs, traffic flow, and safety. KW - Capitalized costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Escalators KW - Human factors engineering KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Operating costs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rail transit stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365523 AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - DAVIS, C J AU - Kunkel, M J AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECISION PROCEDURES FOR PARATRANSIT MARKET SELECTION AND SERVICE EVALUATION PY - 1982/05 SP - 83 p. AB - This study represents a departure from current formalized transit evaluation procedures that address fixed route services. Here popular paratransit services that have not attracted similar analytical approaches are addressed, because transit managers who deal with fairly extensive paratransit systems require some form of specialized evaluation strategy. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Service discontinuance KW - Services KW - Systems management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365526 AU - Trans Systems Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF BATTERY BUSES AND BATTERY TECHNOLOGY PY - 1982/05 SP - 93 p. AB - Public concern, with the deterioration of the quality of the environment caused by air, water, and noise pollution, became a major public issue during the 1960s, resulting in the passage of new legislation and institutional changes in the United States. This concern was not limited to the United States, but also made itself felt with similar intensity in most of the other industrialized nations. One consequence was a renewed interest in the use of electric power for propulsion with reduced pollutant emissions and noise levels as a substitute for the internal combustion engine. Because of its effect on the urban environment and its visibility, the transit bus became a prime target for conversion to electric propulsion, particularly through the use of the electric storage battery. In general, electric power is now an attractive alternative to the use of petroleum-based fuels in urban transportation. KW - Air quality management KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric buses KW - Electric power KW - Electric vehicles KW - Europe KW - Exhaust emission control KW - Exhaust gases KW - Hybrid propulsion KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Japan KW - Noise control KW - Passenger transportation KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365359 AU - Greif, R AU - Weinstock, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIMITING FORCES ON TRANSIT TRUCKS IN STEADY-STATE CURVING PY - 1982/05 SP - 57 p. AB - This study develops conservative bounds on wheel/rail forces and flange forces for several types of rigid and flexible trucks in steady-state curving conditions. The approximate analysis presented provides closed-form relations for estimating forces, truck angle of attack, creep force saturation and sliding conditions as a function of truck geometry and track parameters. The wheel profiles are modeled by conical wheel treads with vertical wheel flanges. Limiting case transit truck configurations are analyzed to provide comparison of the benefits achievable in curving performance from modification of truck geometry. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Curvature KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Lateral pressure KW - Mathematical models KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Undercarriages KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177423 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365365 AU - Nene, V D AU - OAO Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - HARMONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTIFIER SUBSTATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON AUDIO FREQUENCY TRACK CIRCUITS PY - 1982/05 SP - 57 p. AB - This report describes the basic operation of substation rectifier equipment and the modes of possible interference with audio frequency track circuits used for train detection, cab signalling, and vehicle speed control. It also includes methods of estimating EM noise received by track circuits from substation operation. KW - Audio frequency track circuits KW - Cab signals KW - Circuits KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric substations KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Interference KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rectifiers KW - Track circuits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377071 AU - Cabot Consulting Group AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLANNING: TRANSIT FUEL SUPPLIES UNDER DECONTROL PY - 1982/05 SP - 38 p. AB - The Administration's adherence to a free-market economy seems to indicate that public transit would not be given high priority in any fuel supply crisis. If priority would be assured, then transit systems would not need to allocate funds and labor to develop and implement contingency plans for fuel supply. Without fuel allocation and price controls, transit operators will have to obtain diesel supplies and negotiate prices entirely on their own. Inability to obtain supplies and/or budget problems could result in reduction in service. Among steps which could be taken by transit managers would be diversifying suppliers; purchasing fuel on the spot market, establishing a centralized emergency fuel purchasing agent, buying diesel fuel future, paying a higher price immediately in return for guaranteed later deliveries, and building or expanding storage facilities. After identifying the allocation process as a low-cost, high-risk strategy since it does require government action, the report goes on to identify the strategy of precautionay steps as a high-cost but low risk strategy. Some of the options are seen as not being capital intensive, but those which do assure access to fuel under all conditions require a sizable capital investment. KW - Allocations KW - Capital KW - Contingency planning KW - Cost allocation KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Government regulations KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - Regulations KW - Storage facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371956 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT OVERVIEW PY - 1982/05 SP - 47 p. AB - This document is designed to give bus transit managers an up-to-date picture of fare collection equipment and systems which are designed with some degree of automation. It points the problems and potentials of automating a bus transit fare collection system. While the complexity of fully automatic fare collection on buses may not be justified, increased automation of fare collection and revenue handling will continue as fares are increased and fare structures become more complex. Information is included on registering fare boxes, transfer-issuing machines and vacuum collection systems. Self-service fare collection, widely accepted in Europe, is being introduced in the U.S. Details and justifications for these systems are discussed. A bibliography and list of equipment vendors are included. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus design KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Fare collection KW - Self service fare collection KW - Tickets KW - Transfers KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366948 AU - Newman, D A AU - Lave, R E AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED-RIDE TAXIMETERS: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND FUTURE POTENTIAL PY - 1982/05 SP - 34 p. AB - This report describes shared-ride taximeter equipment and operating issues and then identifies the state-of-the-art and the future potential for shared-ride taximeter services. Data were collected as the evaluation contractor to the jointly sponsored U.S. and California Department of Transportation's demonstration project to test shared-ride taximeter services, from U.S. and foreign taximeter manufacturers and from related shared-ride taxi research. General Conclusions, specific equipment findings and future recommendations are identified. KW - Equipment KW - Forecasting KW - Measuring instruments KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ridesharing KW - State of the art studies KW - Taxi services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463440 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS PROPULSION ALTERNATIVES OVERVIEW PY - 1982/04 SP - 22 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) is currently investigating propulsion alternatives which would conserve petroleum-based fuels and would be practical for use by U.S. transit operators. A discussion of these alternatives (electric propulsion systems, alternative fuels and modifications of bus components which improve the efficiency of diesel engines) as well as a current overview of UMTA's bus propulsion projects is provided. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric power KW - Electric vehicles KW - Electrical systems KW - Energy conservation KW - Flywheels KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Methanol KW - Petroleum KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Trolleybuses KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373779 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PARATRANSIT IN RURAL AREAS PY - 1982/04 SP - 62 p. AB - Until the late 1970s only 1% of federal funds spent on public transportation was allocated to meet rural needs although over 25% of the U.S. population resides in rural areas. Federal and state programs then began to give more attention to non-urban travel needs. Since there is no single dominant transportation provider in such areas, services are initiated and operated through a wide range of institutional and operational structures. The majority of rural services--other than taxis--are initiated by social service agencies, although many "public" systems are funded largely by state and federal programs (predominantly through Section 18). Service is operated directly by a social service agency, by a private (non-profit or for-profit) provider, by a public transit operator, by volunteers, or through a cooperative arrangement. Commuter ridesharing is also promoted by employers in some locations. Major rural-service funding sources are U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Transportation (Section 18). Section 18 funding is channeled through the states which promotes coordination. With less federal funding, the state burden for rural transportation will grow. KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Social service agencies KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376214 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PARATRANSIT SERVICE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION HANDICAPPED PY - 1982/04 SP - 90 p. AB - This volume is one of a series aimed at developing an understanding of the nature of the various paratransit concepts, the results and impacts they have had, and what roles they might play in the future. This volume examines the experience of various types of transportation-handicapped (TH) paratransit services, discusses the state-of-the-art of organizational and service options and issues, and explores the nature of future directions in this area. Much of the information is based on a series of case studies prepared in conjunction with this report. Cases selected represent a variety of institutional arrangements ranging from social-service agency-sponsored and operated to transit-agency-operated and sponsored, as well as a range of service delivery mechanisms. While an effort has been made to compile comparable statistics for each service, it has not always been possible. The characteristics of these services include key cost and ridership information. It is expected that TH paratransit will continue to grow. There are over 3,000 systems in operation and annual ridership is estimated to be between 20- and 40-million. Potential usage is estimated at 100-million trips per year, depending of future funding and regulation. KW - Aged KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468017 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. REPORT NO. 1: STATE OF THE ART IN MAINTENANCE. TASK NO. V PY - 1982/04 SP - 91 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. This manual, Report No. 1, covers maintenance manuals, diagnostic methods, equipment design relative to maintenance, strategies for preventive and corrective maintenance, and methods of evaluating maintenance effectiveness. Covers maintenance within and beyond mass transit industry. KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365432 AU - STEPHANEDES, Y J AU - Michalopoulos, P G AU - Gabriel, D A AU - Hanna, H AU - Plum, Robin AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC METHODOLOGIES FOR EVALUATING ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/04 SP - 11 p. AB - Federal and state decision makers have considered a number of energy-conservation policies dealing with the use and supply of energy resources. The major contribution of this research is the development of a dynamic structure modeling the transportation/energy interactions in urban areas. The modified TRANSIT1 simulation model is developed and implemented to test a wide range of transportation-related energy conservation policies and evaluate their impacts across time. The two major objectives of this research study were to: (1) determine ways in which dynamic energy conservation policies act to conserve energy and influence resident mobility and transportation system economic performance both in the short-term and long-term and (2) develop dynamic methodologies to evaluate these energy conservation policies in terms of their impacts through time. A four-step research plan was formulated to address these objectives and this plan is discussed in this report. KW - Computer programs KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365438 AU - James, H S AU - Meacham, D G AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OHIO TAXICAB COMPANY DIRECTORY PY - 1982/04 SP - 63 p. AB - The publication is an attempt to furnish the most current information regarding the taxicab industry in Ohio and concerns the following: the identification of all taxicab companies servicing communities in Ohio; the location of all taxicab companies operating in Ohio; the number of companies serving Ohio communities; the type of vehicles used; the number of vehicles operated; the services provided; the area in Ohio being served; the hours of operation; the company telephone numbers; and the official person to contact. The acquired information is depicted in tables and maps. The methodology is described. KW - Automobiles KW - Counties KW - Directories KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Level of service KW - Maps KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ohio KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Services KW - Statistics KW - Tables (Data) KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177487 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365325 AU - Edelman, J AU - McInerney, F T AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ACCESSIBILITY FOR LEVEL-ENTRY URBAN RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1982/04 SP - 104 p. AB - The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive analysis of the clearance gaps which occur between railcar doorways and station platforms, to investigate the relationship of these gaps to elderly or handicapped (E&H) passenger accessibility, and to evaluate alternative solutions to the impediment presented by these gaps. This report examines the technical issues associated with improving platform to vehicle accessibility. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Availability KW - Door handles KW - Door opening KW - Human factors engineering KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177399 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365431 AU - STEPHANEDES, Y J AU - Michalopoulos, P G AU - Gabriel, D A AU - Hanna, H AU - Plum, Robin AU - University of Minnesota, Minneapolis AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC METHODOLOGIES FOR EVALUATING ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES PY - 1982/04 SP - 181 p. AB - The modified TRANSIT1 simulation model is developed and implemented to test a wide range of transportation-related energy conservation policies and evaluate their impacts across time. The dynamic structure is based on a set of nonlinear differential equations describing the demand-supply-resource-energy interactions in a transportation system. Time delays associated with fluctuations in travel demand and management responsiveness to those fluctuations are explicitly included. Congestion effects on highway travel times are incorporated by connecting TRANSIT1 to the freeway FREQ6 programs. KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Highway traffic KW - Mathematical models KW - Parking facilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Time lag KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365510 AU - Albach, W C AU - Barrilleaux, H P AU - Jacobsen, R S AU - Koonce, B L AU - Larson, A R AU - Vought Corporation AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 9: DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE COUNTERMEASURES FOR COMBATTING ICE AND SNOW PROBLEMS PY - 1982/04 SP - 170 p. AB - This report describes the development of vehicle countermeasures for combatting ice and snow problems as part of the cold weather transit technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objective of the program is to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of urban mass transit systems in severe winter weather conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. The objective of the vehicle countermeasure tasks was to develop and evaluate energy efficient, practical methods of combatting the effects of snow and ice on vehicle operation. The vehicle used in this program was the prototype vehicle P40 which was built during the AIRTRANS Urban Technology program. The developments discussed in this volume address the vehicle subsystems and components of the P40 which had previously been identified as susceptible to ice and snow problems. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Countermeasures KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Deicing KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Doors KW - Ice KW - Intra airport transit KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Snow KW - Subsystems KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365504 AU - Albach, W C AU - HALL, V W AU - Randolph, D G AU - Schell, G P AU - Vought Corporation AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 7: LIGHTWEIGHT TRANSIT VEHICLE TRACTION PERFORMANCE ON ICE AND SNOW PY - 1982/04 SP - 66 p. AB - This report describes traction tests of a lightweight transit test vehicle performed as part of the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objective of the program is to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of urban mass transit systems in severe winter weather conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. This report documents the performance of a half-scale, lightweight vehicle operated over a range of ice and snow conditions on rubber tires and steel wheels and performed under Phase I of the CWTT program. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Ice KW - Intra airport transit KW - Light vehicles KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Snow KW - Testing KW - Tires KW - Traction KW - Vehicle weight KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365505 AU - Albach, W C AU - Vought Corporation AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 8: DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSITWAY COUNTERMEASURES FOR COMBATTING ICE AND SNOW PROBLEMS PY - 1982/04 SP - 156 p. AB - The objective of the transitway countermeasures task was to develop and evaluate energy efficient, practical methods of combatting the effects of snow and ice on vehicle operation. Transitway investigations in this program included: traction improvements, power and signal collection improvements, guideway switch improvements, and guideway design. The full-scale AGT vehicle component and subsystem testing was satisfactorily completed. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Countermeasures KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Data collection KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Ice KW - Induction heating KW - Intra airport transit KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Resistance heating KW - Snow KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Testing KW - Traction UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177541 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365368 AU - Webb, P AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - RECREATIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE TO THE CALIFORNIA SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS PY - 1982/04 SP - 149 p. AB - The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), in conjunction with the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy (SMMC) tested the feasibility of providing a seasonal recreation transit service from low income urban areas in and near the city of Los Angeles to six parks located in the Santa Monica Mountains west of Los Angeles. The project was intended to measure the demand for such a service and to demonstrate its economic and operational feasibility. This report describes a two-year demonstration of a subscription transit service to recreational areas outside a major metropolitan area. This report focuses on the second year (1980) of the demonstration, and contains the following elements: an overview of the objectives, innovations, and key evaluation issues (for 1980 demonstration); a description of differences and similarities between the first and second years' operations; results of the 1980 evaluation and comparison with 1979; project impacts and problems encountered; a brief overview of a continuation of the service in 1981; and a description of the potential for future service in both Los Angeles and other settings. KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Demand KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parks KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Recreational facilities KW - Recreational travel KW - Recreational trips KW - Rural areas KW - Santa Monica Mountains KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365350 AU - Schmitt, R AU - Weitman, J AU - Beimborn, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EXAMINATION OF METHODS FOR COORDINATION OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ACTIVITIES PY - 1982/04 SP - 105 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine alternative means by which Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) coordinate transportation planning activities in different areas of the country. The study involved an inventory of the MPOs representing the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S. The inventory provided a cross-sectional view of transportation planning in these areas. In this study MPOs were found to generally perform effectively as a forum for decision-making. Relationships with transit agencies and units of local government were typically good, especially where the MPO has adopted a service-oriented philosophy towards these agencies. Relationships between MPOs and states are more complex with different degrees of local autonomy. KW - City planning KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - States KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371574 AU - Hooper, K AU - Crain-Revis Associates, Incorporated AU - Washington Consulting Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A HANDBOOK DESCRIBING LOW COST CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES TO MAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION MORE ACCESSIBLE FOR VISUALLY AND HEARING IMPAIRED PERSONS PY - 1982/04 SP - 60 p. AB - The primary objective of this report was to provide an overview of currently available low-cost, non-capital transportation-related service concepts and techniques designed to assist visually and hearing imparied persons in making better use of public transportation facilities and services. The results of the review would then be converted into a Handbook designed to provide an overview and description of the available techniques that met these low-cost criteria and the Handbook would then be distributed to public transit agencies for their guidance and information. It is important to keep in mind that this Handbook is not a state-of-the-art report. Much of the information reported in this study has been described in a variety of sources elsewhere. The task of the authors was to bring them together in one place. For those interested in more detail, a bibliography has been provided for each subject area in the report. A considerable array of literature, transition plans, manuals, reports, and monographs were reviewed, as well as telephone conversations with suppliers and research institutions. The descriptive material in this Handbook has been organized around four subject areas: 1) auditory concepts for the visually-impaired; 2) tactile information for the visually-impaired; 3) transit information for the visually and hearing impaired; and 4) accessibility techniques for the hearing-impaired. Within each area, specific concepts are described, including how they work and their cost. It is the judgement of the authors that each concept represents an important potential for improving transit accessibility for the visual and hearing impaired. Individual and organizational contacts have been included for each of the concepts. The twelve concepts are: Auditory Mapping; Taking Signs; Audible Street Crossing Devices; Tactual Mapping; Texurized Surfaces; Braille Bus Schedule Information; Tape Recorded Transit Information; A Seattle Metro Brochure entitled: Tips for Visually Impaired, Sighted Passengers, and Metro Drivers; Signage; Teletype or TTY Systems; BART's Handbook entitled: Signs, Gestures & Expressions for Communiting with Deaf Patrons; and The Hearing Dog Program. KW - Blindness KW - Deafness KW - Graphics KW - Passenger information systems KW - Signs KW - Tactile perception KW - Telephone KW - Timetables KW - Vision disorders UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365278 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ASPECTS OF AN AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1982/04 SP - 81 p. AB - The AMTT system concept is considered as a viable alternative form of public transportation for selected applications. The basic AMTT concept is that of fully-automated vehicles operating on non-exclusive guideways in areas where pedestrian and/or automotive traffic also exists. In such applications the vehicles will operate at low speeds (up to 9 km/hr). Other applications include hybrid systems which will also operate at a higher speed (up to 50 km/hr) within protected rights-of-way. This report discusses the results of an assessment of safety aspects and issues associated with the AMTT vehicle system which is under development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated mixed traffic transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Control devices KW - Controller characteristics KW - Ground vehicles KW - Right of way KW - Safety KW - Structural design KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390691 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF THE GRUMMAN FLXIBLE 870 ADVANCED DESIGN BUS PY - 1982/03/05 SP - n.p. AB - This report on the adequacy of the structural modifications to the Grumman Flxible 870 Advanced Design Bus was made at UMTA's request. Structural fatigue had developed in the A-frame, engine cradle, trunnion, front mechanical assembly and coach body of this lightweight model within 2 years after the first of them had gone into service. By December 1980 a thousand of the 2800 then delivered had been removed from service and the manufacturer had undertaken an analysis of the problem and development of a correction which involved welding reinforcements on the structures and improving weld quality control. Grumman modified all the buses it had delivered and vehicles on the production line were appropriately modified. The TSC structural analysis is described and modifications were checked to determine if they would permit a targeted service life of 500,000 miles. It was concluded that this service life could be achieved. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Failure KW - Industries KW - Lightweight materials KW - Quality control KW - Retrofitting KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design KW - Welding UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455088 AU - Weiers, R AU - Rossetti, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENTRY AND COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES TRANSIT BUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PY - 1982/03 SP - 92 p. AB - This report is an analytic paper addressing the trend toward entry into the U.S. transit bus market by new foreign manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation, and outline the implications of why so many companies are interested in entering the U.S. bus manufacturing industry, when there is excess capacity, and the established manufacturers are not prospering. The study is concerned primarily with the industry that builds standard and large-capacity transit buses. The explanation developed for the emerging interest in the U.S. bus manufacturing industry consists of three categories of causes: opportunity, impetus, and contribution factors. KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Competition KW - Europe KW - Industries KW - Procurement KW - Standard buses KW - Standardization KW - Technology KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268099 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371965 AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT: IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACTS PY - 1982/03 SP - 115 p. AB - Transportation System Management (TSM) is the concept of more efficiently using existing transportation systems by means other than large-scale new construction. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze a group of local TSM projects in an attempt to learn what factors or combination of factors facilitated or hindered project implementation. A second goal was to analyze the impacts of a sample of implemented TSM projects. After making an inventory of TSM projects, ten were analyzed in great detail, involving six different techniques. These included: (1) Exclusive bus lines; (2) Park-and-ride lots for carpools and express buses; (3) Residential parking permit programs; (4) Transit management programs (part-time operators and reductions in service); (5) Innovative transit subsidy techniques; (6) Bus Signal Priority Systems. For all cases the report describes events which led to the selection of the specific TSM action; the implementation and operation of the project; the impacts on the traveler, transportation and environment. Major findings are summarized. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Carpools KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Park and ride KW - Parking regulations KW - Part time KW - Resistance (Electricity) KW - Static resistance KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Transportation system management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56623/transportations8249urbi_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371961 AU - Kaddatz, M M AU - Furr, K G AU - Warren, McVeigh and Griffin AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - SAVING ON BUS INSURANCE IN WISCONSIN: JOINT VEHICLE INSURANCE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1982/03 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to outline the process used to implement a Joint Vehicle Insurance Program for municipal transit systems in the State of Wisconsin. This project is a follow-up to the Vehicle Insurance Study performed for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Phase I revealed that most transit systems insurance was inadequate, both in limits of liability and coverage terms. A joint purchase program was recommended to reduce insurance costs and improve coverage scope. Phase II resulted in the formation of the Wisconsin Municipal Transit Insurance Commission. The Commission is providing a vehicle insurance program for 14 Wisconsin municipal transit systems who have saved almost $275,000, or approximately 47%, over the costs of their expiring programs. In addition, the services and coverage of the program are designed for the municipal transit exposures. The existence of the program should result in a long-term, low-cost, stable source of insurance for participating municipalities. KW - Insurance KW - Insurance claims KW - Joint use KW - Legal factors KW - Liability KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Safety KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56554/savingonbusinsu8219warr_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369149 AU - Donnelly, P AU - Price, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - RAIL TRANSIT IMPACT STUDIES: ATLANTA, WASHINGTON, SAN DIEGO. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 61 p. AB - The proceedings of the Transit Impact Studies Conference held in Washington, DC, in September 1981 are summarized. The purpose was to enable representatives from planning agencies currently examining the impacts of new rail transit systems to share their initial findings. Planners from Washington, Atlanta and San Diego reported on findings about their systems while representatives of other agencies and firms with an interest in the subject participated in the discussions. Travel impacts were reported in the areas of transit ridership, mode choice, transit trip purpose, access to transit, geographic distribution of transit use, and travel time and cost. Introduction of the new transit systems resulted in a major increase in travel capacity, along with new transit accessibility which found more users able to use transit for more trips. Significant impacts were also found on land use and economic development patterns. Local land use patterns have been altered to focus development on station areas, and interest has been sparked in some joint development. Because rail systems represent major public investments, their economic impact is significant but all the systems studied are so new that the full results will require later appraisal. KW - Economic impacts KW - Land use KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - San Diego (California) KW - Travel demand KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56530/railtransitimpac823unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/182891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390686 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Dade County TI - OVERTOWN STATION AREA REDEVELOPMENT. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1982/03 SP - v.p. AB - This Final Environmental Impact Statement documents the environmental impacts associated with the development alternatives for a four block area immediately adjacent to the western limits of the Overtown rapid transit station. Responses to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS are also included in this Final EIS. Overtown Station will be constructed as part of the 20.5 mile rapid transit system which is currently under construction. The study area is situated in a strategic location of Dade County near several major activity centers including the Downtown Government Center, the Miami Central Business District, the Civic Center, Little Havana and the Omni. Federal assistance funds from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration have been requested to acquire land in the four blocks, relocate residents and businesses and clear the area in preparation for private development. Redevelopment, which would be undertaken primarily with private sector funds, would include a mixture of high density residential, commercial and office space and would stimulate employment opportunities in this currently declining community. The following provisions have been incorporated into the redevelopment proposal. The Overtown Advisory Board would review and monitor the local government's execution of the redevelopment process. Displaced residents and businesses would be relocated within or near the Overtown community. If redevelopment occurs, they would be provided the opportunity to locate back into the four block area. Additionally, goals have been identified to maximize minority participation in investment opportunities and resultant job openings. KW - Employment KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Land use KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Minorities KW - Private enterprise KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208792 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365701 AU - Gundersen, R G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TECHNOLOGY OF ARTICULATED TRANSIT BUSES. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 136 p. AB - Since the first major demonstration of articulated buses in the mid 1970s and the first purchase in late 1978, interest in articulated buses in U.S. transit service has remained strong. This interest has been stimulated by the desire of public transit agencies to increase passenger capacity, improve productivity, and reduce or at least maintain operating costs. Further, the interest is evidenced by the delivery and deployment of over 500 articulated buses to 14 cities and a current backorder of approximately 700 units for a total capital investment of over $300 million. This study was conducted to provide technical assistance to urban transit managers and state DOTs for use in their analyses and decision-making related to the deployment of articulated buses. Operational and maintenance experiences were obtained from each U.S. property currently using these vehicles. In addition, technical design and performance information was obtained from U.S. producers and numerous foreign articulated bus manufacturers. The information contained in this report addresses three major aspects of these high-capacity buses: (1) status of deployment of articulated transit coaches in this country; (2) a description of the design and technology of commercially-available articulated buses, both foreign and domestically produced; and (3) a general review of the current domestic operating and maintenance background of the articulated buses. In general, this report provides status information on articulated bus technology and its performance, to date, in domestic service. KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Design KW - Flexibility KW - Industries KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365700 AU - Weiers, B AU - Rossetti, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS MANUFACTURER PROFILES. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 171 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present information on the structure and history of the U.S. transit bus manufacturing industry with a minimum of analysis. How buses are categorized and the relationship of transit buses to other types of buses are described. The structure of the transit bus industry and its relationship to the larger motor vehicle industry is also described. The history of the transit bus manufacturing industry is presented from production of the first buses at the turn of the century to the present day. The entry and exit of firms from the industry, the development of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, and the introduction of the advanced design buses are highlighted. This document also discusses profiles of individual manufacturers. The United States and Canadian builders of standard and articulated transit buses are each profiled. Several foreign and domestic companies which have expressed an interest in the industry have also been included. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus design KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Characteristics KW - Design KW - History KW - Industries KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365312 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING MOVING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. PHASE II SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1982/03 SP - 91 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program is a phased project leading to the public demonstration of an advanced technology variable speed accelerating moving walkway. This report summarizes the work of four contractors performed as part of Phase 2 of the AWS program. KW - Conveyors KW - Economic analysis KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pedestrians KW - People movers KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Sidewalks KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365364 AU - Nene, V D AU - OAO Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE STATUS OF ADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN PY - 1982/03 SP - 83 p. AB - This report describes the efforts of the Japanese transit industry, which includes manufacturers and transit operators, in the area of advanced propulsion systems for urban rail vehicles. It presents different chopper system designs, new ac drive developments, various commercial frequency and audio frequency signalling systems, investigation of potential electromagnetic interference problems, and possible countermeasures. Six Japanese transit systems using chopper cars are described in some detail in Appendix A and a widely used commutation circuit of these choppers is described in Appendix B. Other related topics, such as equipment reliability and maintenance, are also discussed. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Audio frequency track circuits KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electric choppers KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electromagnetic noise KW - Japan KW - Noise (Communications) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Subways KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Thyristors KW - Track circuits KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177427 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365344 AU - Studenmund, A H AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE APPROPRIATE MEASURES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND OUTPUT FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1982/03 SP - 19 p. AB - Output and productivity, two economic concepts that have important applications in the evaluation of transportation demonstrations, are discussed in this paper. The focus of these discussions is on how the terms' typical definitions in transportation analysis differ from their accepted usages in the economic profession. This document is divided into three sections. Section 1 briefly outlines the pure economic theory of productivity, production, and market equilibrium. Section 2 explains why this model and its definitions must be modified for use in analyzing changes in urban transportation systems. The final section suggests an approach that might clarify present ambiguities in communication between the transportation industry and those outside observers (economists, politicians, union leaders, voters, etc.) with whom the industry must deal in order to obtain subsidies or carry out innovations. The major component of this suggested approach is that the measures of productivity and output presently being used by the transportation industry need to be modified for use in the evaluation of transit demonstration projects. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic analysis KW - Production KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177412 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365334 AU - Koffman, D AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFT-EQUIPPED BUS SERVICE IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1982/03 SP - 169 p. AB - The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) provides transit service to most of King County, Washington, including the city of Seattle. Metro operates 194 routes using a fleet of 1047 coaches, including 151 articulated buses and 109 electric trolley buses. In August 1981, Metro had 259 lift-equipped buses and 16 lift-equipped trolley buses. In addition to lift-equipped, fixed-route buses, Metro funds a subsidized taxi program for the elderly and handicapped, and Metro also subsidizes lift-equipped van service operated by social service agencies in parts of the county poorly served by transit and taxis. Metro is continuing with its policy of buying only lift-equipped coaches. In 1982, Metro expects to receive 202 lift-equipped buses order from MAN of West Germany. Compared to other accessible bus service systems, Metro's service has been very successful in terms of planning, reliability, ridership, lift operations, policies and procedures, and costs. The report shows that the Lift-U lifts used in the Metro transit system have had a low failure rate, thus enhancing the reliability and success of service. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Counties KW - Equipment KW - Level of service KW - Lifts KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Reliability KW - Routes KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Services KW - Taxicabs KW - Trolleybuses KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vans KW - Vehicle design KW - Washington (State) KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177403 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365386 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MERCER COUNTY (N.J.) COORDINATION/CONSOLIDATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1982/03 SP - 186 p. AB - From November 1977 through June 1981, Mercer County in New Jersey, was the site of an Urban Mass Transportation Administration Service and Methods Demonstration, which coordinated human service agency transportation programs. The Mercer County Coordination/Consolidation Demonstration Project involved the consolidation of several transportation services within a specially-created division of the county government - TRADE (Transportation Resources to Aid Disadvantaged and Elderly). This evaluation report covers the period through December 1980. KW - Aged KW - Consolidations KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - County government KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Evaluation KW - Local government KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Project management KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365343 AU - Keough, M AU - Holec, J AU - BENNETT, J AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COORDINATED, NONURBANIZED AREA TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES PY - 1982/03 SP - 119 p. AB - This analytical tool is intended to be used in cost considerations and impacts of alternative strategies to systematically increase the availability of transit services in the nonurbanized areas of California. The key objectives of this project were (1) to develop a classification structure to categorize the counties according to the amount of nonurbanized area transit service provided by the transit systems in the counties that would be eligible to receive Section 18 funds; and (2) to develop a method for estimating the ridership, revenue, and cost impacts of programming the Section 18 State Discretionary Reserve funds to systematically increase the amount of nonurbanized area transit service provided in the counties. KW - California KW - Counties KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177411 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377454 AU - Anagnostopoulos, G AU - Damm, D AU - Dooley, T AU - Maling, W AU - WARD, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCIAL FORECASTING TECHNIQUES IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY: A SUMMARY OF CURRENT PRACTICE PY - 1982/03 SP - 85 p. AB - This report describes the results of discussions with approximately two dozen transit operators concerning the use of financial forecasting techniques for planning and budgeting. Four major budget categories were examined: fare revenues, labor costs, maintenance costs, and subsidies. Although several properties are developing improved and innovative forecasting procedures, in general there is great potential for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of financial forecasting in the transit industry. A major issue is the improvement of coordination and cooperation among the departments of a property in the generation and use of data for forecasting purposes. KW - Budgeting KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Labor costs KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373689 AU - Gilbert, L O AU - Fitzgerald, J F AU - Menke, J T AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A CORROSION CONTROL MANUAL FOR RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PY - 1982/03 SP - 166 p. AB - In 1979, during the planning stage of the Metropolitan Dade County Transit System, the need was expressed for a corrosion control manual oriented to urban rapid transit system use. This manual responds to that need. The objective of the manual is to aid rail rapid transit agencies by providing practical solutions to selected corrosion problems. The scope of the manual encompasses corrosion problems of the facilities of rapid transit systems: structures and tracks, platforms and stations, power and signals, and cars. It also discusses stray electric current corrosion. Both design and maintenance solutions are provided for each problem. Also included are descriptions of the types of corrosion and their causes, descriptions of rapid transit properties, a list of corrosion control committees and NASA, DOD, and ASTM specifications of reports and a glossary of frequently used terms are provided. KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Cleaning materials KW - Cleansers KW - Corrosion protection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electrochemical corrosion KW - Elevated structures KW - Low alloy steel KW - Maintenance practices KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Stainless steel KW - Stray currents KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365738 AU - Weiers, R AU - Rossetti, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENTRY AND COMPETITION IN THE UNITED STATES TRANSIT BUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PY - 1982/03 SP - 92 p. AB - This report is an analytic paper addressing the trend toward entry into the U.S. transit bus market by new foreign manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation, and outline the implications of why so many companies are interested in entering the U.S. bus manufacturing industry, when there is no excess capacity, and the established manufacturers are not prospering. The study is concerned primarily with the industry that builds standard and large-capacity transit buses. The explanation developed for the emerging interest in the U.S. bus manufacturing industry consists of three categories of causes: opportunity, impetus, and contributing factors. KW - Articulated buses KW - Buses KW - Competition KW - Economic analysis KW - Foreign automobiles KW - Foreign vehicles KW - Industries UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366965 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION BETWEEN MIDTOWN PASSENGER TERMINALS PY - 1982/03 SP - 95 p. AB - Midtown Manhattan, an area of 3 sq mi, has the densest concentration of commercial activity in the city with 1.1 million workers, 10 million shoppers and a residential population of 100,000. The area is served by 5 major public transportation terminals, 4 of which were located primarily to serve intercity passengers. With the exception of the East Side Airlines Terminal, the primary flow in all these facilities is now commuters. An inventory of all rapid transit, bus and taxi service that can provide for inter-terminal movement was made and methods of disseminating information on such travel collected. An estimate of inter-terminal passenger flows was made. Possible low-cost and short-term improvement programs were developed and evaluated. Some alteration of existing bus services is possible to make movement more convenient and a van-type ridersharing taxi service were suggested for a demonstration service. Improvements in information services were also suggested. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Commuter service KW - Information dissemination KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - New York (New York) KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxi services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178115 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00362447 AU - Menhard, H R AU - Rodman, J W AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE COORDINATION OF PUPIL AND NON-PUPIL TRANSPORTATION SN - DOT-TSC-UMTA-82-7 PY - 1982/03 SP - 158 p. AB - At present, home-to-school student transportation and general public transit services are provided almost entirely by separate vehicle fleets. The fact that both of these fleets are not fully utilized throughout the day indicates that there may be the potential to reduce the cost of these operations or to provide additional service to the public by coordinating the two operations. This report examines the potential benefits and disadvantages of coordinated services and identifies barriers to their implementation. The report 1) provides a background on the provision of school transportation; 2) discusses issues involved in the coordination of services, 3) examines a number of examples in which such services have been established, 4) investigates the benefits which can be achieved, and 5) determines what basic system designs are likely to be most effective in generating benefits and applicable to a variety of sites. The report concludes that some coordination efforts should prove worthwhile and suggests several designs for further consideration and testing. (Authors) KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - School buses KW - School children KW - Students KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367425 AU - Studenmund, A H AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE APPROPRIATE MEASURES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND OUTPUT FOR THE EVALUATION OF TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1982/03 SP - 22 p. AB - The current usage of the concepts of productivity and output in transit demonstration evaluations appears to differ from the accepted usage in the economics profession. This difference causes communication problems and might actually result in different conclusions. The pure economic theory of productivity and its relationship to the theory of production and the equilibrium between supply and demand is outlined. It is then explained why this model should be modified in order to be used in the analysis of urban transportation systems. An approach is developed which will allow for less ambiguous communication between the transportation industry and outside observers. The major component of this suggested approach is that the measures of productivity and output presently being used by the transportation industry need to be modified for use in the evaluation of transit demonstration projects, and these modifications are presented in the final section. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Output KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178456 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365273 AU - Connor, D L AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - OFF-PEAK FARE-FREE TRANSIT: MERCER COUNTY, NEW JERSEY PY - 1982/03 SP - 181 p. AB - The evaluation was designed to explore the effects of the fare elimination on the transit operator, the riding public, the general populace, and the local business community. Evaluation issues were concerned with impacts on ridership volumes, passenger characteristics, transit operations, public awareness and attitudes, effects on commercial activities, and public response to the fare elimination. The conclusion reached by the evaluators of the demonstration was that free-fare is probably more valuable as a tool for transit promotion than as a full-time transit pricing strategy. This report contains a bibliography and charts related to data collection, ridership and trip-making. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Economic analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Marketing KW - New Jersey KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Pricing KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365247 AU - Reichenberger, A J AU - Veterans Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - STATION PLATFORM-RAILCAR THRESHOLD GAP STUDY PY - 1982/03 SP - 35 p. AB - This study was conducted for the Transportation Systems Center by the Veterans Administration Rehabilitation Engineering Center (VAREC). It is part of a program to improve railcar accessibility for the handicapped riders. The purpose of this investigation by VAREC was to gather data on: (1) the acceptable range of maximum gaps, which are various horizontal and vertical spacings in combination, which can be safely crossed by individuals in manually propelled or powered wheelchairs; (2) suitable techniques for safely and independently crossing such gaps in a wheelchair; (3) the abilities of persons in wheelchairs with different disabilities to safely and independently cross the gaps; and (4) what effects repeatedly crossing these gaps may have on the structural integrity (durability and life expectancy) of wheelchairs. KW - Accessibility KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Door handles KW - Door opening KW - Human factors engineering KW - Light rail transit KW - Maneuverability KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365155 AU - Thompson, R E AU - Dighe, R G AU - Mitchell, D J AU - Hunter, H H AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY AND RELIABILITY OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1982/03 SP - 96 p. AB - The future success of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems is highly dependent upon achieving and maintaining suitable levels of safety and reliability for these systems. Existing AGT systems have much to offer in the way of 'lessons learned' in these areas and can serve as examples for, and provide guidance to, future systems. This study examined the safety and reliability experience of six AGT systems in the United States in a set of four interrelated tasks. The results of this work were reported upon in individual task reports. This is the last and final report in this series and contains an overview of the study along with the resulting conclusions and recommendations for further study. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Electric power transmission KW - Inspection KW - Intra airport transit KW - Maintenance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Quality assurance KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Verification inspection KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365134 AU - Bayes, T AU - Hough, S AU - Poling, P AU - Payne, D C AU - Kentucky Research Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN FAMILY TRANSPORTATION BEHAVIOR PY - 1982/03 SP - 135 p. AB - Employed women and non-employed women often have very different activities which reflect their different transportation needs. Research also indicates that another variable which contributes to the differences in transportation activity patterns is that of resource availability. Resource availability can be viewed in terms of two components: private resources and public resources. The sample for this study was a stratified random sample consisting of 1500 women each from Jefferson and Fayette Counties in Kentucky. Both of these counties are urban areas. Married women only were sampled with a response rate of 62.49 percent to mailed questionnaires. Some objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the impact of employment on women's transportation patterns and behaviors; (2) determine the impact of employment on women's role enactment, or the degree to which respondents engage in various family and transportation role behavior; (3) determine the impact of employment on women's transportation behaviors; and (4) determine the impact of employment on women's adjustment expectations relative to transportation. KW - Behavior KW - Children KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Families KW - Females KW - Impact studies KW - Kentucky KW - Marriage KW - Requirements KW - Specifications KW - Surveys KW - Transportation KW - Travel behavior KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177278 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01590824 AU - Mayworm, Patrick D AU - Lago, Armando M AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Costs of Transit Fare Prepayment Programs: A Parametric Cost Analysis PY - 1982/02/15/Technical Report SP - 268p AB - Despite the renewed interest in transit fare prepayment plans over the past 10 years, few transit managers have a clear idea of how much it costs to operate and maintain a fare prepayment program. This report provides transit managers with the specific tools and resources needed to estimate' the operating costs of existing programs and to forecast the expenses that will be incurred in programs that are being planned. The tools presented in this report are in the form of parametric equations using standardized costs. A review of the general findings in this report is also presented in a separate executive summary document. Following a presentation of the approach to cost modeling used in this study, the authors describe in detail the costs of the 12 principal program functions. Parametric cost equations are developed and planning information is provided for each program function. Major cost comparisons and guidelines are presented in the last two chapters of this report. This report shows that large fare prepayment programs incur a higher unit cost than small programs primarily because large transit companies spend significantly more money on advertising and on sales commissions to public outlets. The operating costs per prepaid plan sold range from $0.14 in small fare prepayment programs to $1.02 in very large programs. The average unit cost for all 11 fare prepayment programs analyzed in this study is $0.63. On a per trip basis, fare prepayment operating costs vary from one to five cents. The average cost per prepaid trip for all 11 programs is 2.2 cents. KW - Costs KW - Fare prepayment KW - Parametric equations KW - Public transit KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56383/determinationtr1090unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595714 AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Transportation Planning in San Diego 1950-1975: San Diego Trolley Implementation Process Evaluation PY - 1982/02 SP - 26p AB - The San Diego Trolley implementation process evaluation is discussed in the following sections of this report: (I) Early Regional Transportation Planning (1950-1970); (II) Regional Comprehensive Plan Studies (1970-1975); and (III) Other Proposals and Transit Evaluations. KW - History KW - Implementation KW - Public transit KW - San Diego (California) KW - San Diego Trolley KW - Transportation planning KW - Trolleybuses UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56619/transportationpl03unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371567 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Hemily, P B AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE 1980'S: RESPONDING TO PRESSURES OF FISCAL AUSTERITY PY - 1982/02 SP - 81 p. AB - Many public transit agencies are beginning to face serious difficulties in obtaining the financial support needed to operate service at previous levels. Local pressures for fiscal austerity, and the resulting competing demands for oftentimes less money, have severely constrained many transit agencies. These transit agencies are facing some difficult choices in responding to government cutbacks in funding support. The purpose of this research was to examine how transit agencies are responding to these fiscal pressures and to identify actions that could be taken to ease the transition to a resource-scarce environment. A telephone survey of 30 transit general managers was used to determine the general response of transit agencies to fiscal pressures. A detailed case study is presented to show how one transit agency, the Greater Bridgeport Transit District, has reacted to serious budgetary cutbacks. The case study focuses on the identification and implementation of feasible options. The concept of a transit agency's operational environment was used to identify the key analysis variables that guided the survey and case study. In general, these variables could be classified into two major categories: 1) those relating to the degree of decision-making independence of the agency and 2) those relating to the degree to which an agency is capable of responding to financial pressures. This report concludes that: 1) the debate on local transit financing should include the equity implications of different options; 2) the community benefits from transit service should be clearly articulated; 3) longer term considerations must be included in the financing debate; 4) a financial crisis should be reviewed as an opportunity to bring about needed change; and 5) transit agencies should develop a strategic planning process that examines both internal and external actions that can be taken to solve the problems facing the transit agency. KW - Deficits KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Operating strategies KW - Policy KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371944 AU - Mundle, S AU - Kraus, J AU - Kret, E AU - CANNON, D AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Synergy Consulting Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PLANNING FOR THE PHASE-IN OF FIXED-ROUTE ACCESSIBLE BUSES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1982/02 SP - 159 p. AB - Many transit systems are planning to introduce accessible buses into their fixed-route operation. This report was prepared for use by transit systems and Metropolitan Planning Organizations in planning for these services so as to minimize service disruption and to maximize mobility benefits. It provides guidance in seven key functional areas of the transit system that will be impacted by the phase-in of accessible buses. The seven areas are citizen participation; vehicle procurement and facility improvements; service planning and operations; maintenance; training; marketing; and monitoring and evaluation. The report offers a range of options which can be tailored to the particular system. KW - Accessibility KW - Bus design KW - Bus services KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Maintenance KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Procurement KW - Public participation KW - Training KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56499/planningforphas8222booz_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468016 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN. VOLUME I. OPERATING DEPARTMENTS PY - 1982/02 SP - v.p. AB - The Rail Implementation Plan was developed to provide a format and control mechanism to guide the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority's growth from an operator of only transit services to an operator of transit and commuter rail services during a period of legislative and judicial uncertainty with respect to the applicable Federal guidelines. It was intended to make the process of acquiring a whole "new business" an orderly and predictable process. KW - Commuter service KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Implementation KW - Rapid transit KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281667 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382617 AU - Cooperrider, N K AU - Law, E H AU - FRIES, R H AU - HAQUE, I AU - Arnold, G AU - Nelson, S AU - Transportation Test Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT CAR DEMONSTRATION TEST PROGRAM ON THE ROLL DYNAMICS UNIT. VOLUME II: DEMONSTRATION OF A TRANSIT CAR PERFORMANCE TEST ON THE ROLL DYNAMICS UNIT PY - 1982/02 SP - 63 p. AB - This report documents two separate studies aimed at verifying and demonstrating the capabilities of the Roll Dynamics Unit (RDU), which is part of the Rail Dynamics Laboratory located at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado. During testing, the RDU's potential for simulating actual track conditions was explored and results were correlated with measurements taken during in-track testing. Other efforts focused on the RDU's use as a laboratory instrument by which selected performance parameters can be varied, and the responses of a single rail vehicle measured, under controlled conditions. Testing involved use of the Number One State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC), one of two such vehicles developed under UMTA's Urban Rail Vehicle and Systems Program (URRVS). The 90,000-pound intra-city, rapid transit vehicle, configured as an "A" Car capable of independent or two-car operation, was tested on the TTC's Transit Test Track to provide in-track data. It was then installed on the RDU for the testing described. Information on SOAC technical/historical development and URRVS program highlights are presented as background for the discussion of the results. This report, Volume II, contains the results, conclusions, and recommendations of the first performance test of a transit car on the RDU. This report is limited to performance tests. The objective is to identify advantages and disadvantages of performance testing on the rollers of the RDU as highlighted by the SOAC test. The report involved separate testing, done by TTC personnel, in such traditional performance areas of transit vehicle operation as traction, acceleration/deceleration, energy consumption, and spin/slide performance. The results of a successful performance test of a transit car on a roller unit is presented and the advantages of this method of testing is discussed. Acceleration, deceleration, spin/slide, and power consumption tests, although of limited scope in comparison to the track tests performed on the same transit car, did show the feasibility of roller testing. It is concluded that the RDU is most suited for developmental testing of transit car systems particularly for power consumption and for cars with non-standard wheel gage. Tests should be of such scope as to justify the cost of car setup on the RDU. The following two test are recommended: 1) a power consumption study for a standard/non-standard gage transit car which investigates methods of reducing power consumption and 2) a non-standard gage full performance test. The other study, Volume I, was conducted by TTC personnel under the technical counsel of University of Arizona and Clemson University personnel and concerned itself with rail vehicle stability. Test methodology and software requirements were developed and analytical models evaluated. RDU mechanical characteristics were assessed in terms of their influence on measured vehicle responses during studies of hunting, creep forces, and forced sinusoidal responses. KW - Creep KW - Dynamic tests KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail dynamics unit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rolling contact KW - Sliding friction KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validation KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheel slide KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365314 AU - McNight, C AU - Pagano, A M AU - Robins, L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COORDINATION OF PARATRANSIT: CASE STUDIES OF SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES PY - 1982/02 SP - 108 p. AB - This report presents the results of the second year of a three year project to study the effect of the size of the provider on the efficiency and quality of paratransit in general and on special services in particular. The purpose of this study is to determine if coordination increases efficiency by examining the differences between coordinated transportation agencies and special service agencies in terms of their internal relations, relations to agencies provided with transportation, and relations to funding agencies, namely--governments. Case studies were done of 12 coordinated agencies that provide special transportation. KW - Aged KW - Contract administration KW - Contracted services KW - Contracting out KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Government policies KW - Grant aid KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy KW - Rural areas KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365321 AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Nelson, J T AU - Wilson, G P AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HANDBOOK OF URBAN RAIL NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL PY - 1982/02 SP - 799 p. AB - This handbook is a guide to the prediction and control of all types of urban rail transit noise, ranging from train noise heard by the community at large to noise in maintenance shops heard only by transit employees. The topics covered include: acceptability criteria for transit related noise and vibration; the general characteristics of urban rail noise and vibration; techniques and equipment for measurement of noise and vibration; control of transit vehicle noise and vibration; control of community noise from surface tracks and aerial structures; prediction and control of groundborne noise and vibration; control of noise in transit stations; control of noise from station ancillary equipment such as air-conditioning systems and fan and vent shafts; control of noise around yards and shops; control of wheel squeal noise; and control of pressure transients in subway tunnels. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Sound level KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Wayside KW - Wheel screech noise UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177398 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365439 AU - Eldredge, D B AU - Elms, C P AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF TRANSIT RAILCAR GUARANTY, WARRANTY AND RELIABILITY CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS PY - 1982/02 SP - 71 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study of guaranty/warranty/reliability (GWR) provisions in contracts for the procurement of transit railcars. Members of the manufacturing and supply industry have complained that the clauses were having adverse financial effects on the industry. The need to establish a cooperative relationship between buyer and seller developed as a key consensus. To further cooperation, the idea of a Rail Transit Car Contract Warranty Model and a Screen for Preparing Rail Transit Car Warranty/Reliability Contract Provisions were developed. A model and screen are presented in this report. The screen is essentially a guide for preparing the specific clauses of the model. The model and screen are advisory in nature and should not be applied in an actual contract without review by legal counsel for consistency with any applicable laws and regulations. KW - Carbuilders KW - Consumer protection KW - Contract terms KW - Contracts KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Procurement KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Standards KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365544 AU - Soot, S AU - Stenson, H AU - Esser, M AU - Joyce, L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF TRANSIT USE IN AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW TRAVEL DENSITY PY - 1982/02 SP - 72 p. AB - This report examines the impact of transit information dissemination on users of transit systems in Chicago and finds that comprehensive dissemination of reliable, precise, and timely transit information is vital to assure the public's maximum use of a transit system. It is recommended that regular channels of information be established between systems and riders and that the information aids available to the user should be improved. KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Illinois KW - Information dissemination KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365345 AU - McGean, T J AU - Eldredge, D B AU - Frost, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BENEFITS OF RAILCAR STANDARDIZATION PY - 1982/02 SP - 90 p. AB - This report reviews the UMTA railcar standardization program, including estimates of the savings in capital and operating costs which will be made possible by standardization. The review concludes that standardization has the potential for significant reductions in both capital costs and maintenance costs, representing savings to the Federal government and local agencies of up to $30-50 million annually. Benefits of standardization include reducing the cost of major car subsystems, facilitating joint car buys, savings in spare parts costs and inventory, improved equipment reliability, and simplified maintenance. KW - Car design /rail/ KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Estimates KW - Inventory KW - Maintainability KW - Procurement KW - Product development KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Spare parts KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365355 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Clarke, R AU - Fenton, M C AU - Lu, M AU - Potter, T J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAIN CREW REDUCTION FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY OF RAIL TRANSIT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/02 SP - 6 p. AB - One of the basic measures of efficient operations of a transit system is its productivity. The concept of productivity is broad and can be measured by several different indicators. With the increases in wages since the 1950s, labor costs have become the dominant portion of operation costs for transit agencies. Efforts to increase productivity of operating labor have been particularly successful on rail transit systems. This report shows that while the modern rail transit systems, such as the Lindenwold Line, BART, and MARTA, have one-person train crews and therefore, very high productivity, most older streetcar, rapid transit, and regional rail systems still have obsolete, inefficient labor practices. A systematic analysis of alternative ways of performing different duties shows that on many existing transit systems, productivity of operating labor can be substantially increased through rather modest efforts. This report indicates that the greatest potential benefits from introduction of modern operating methods exist on regional rail systems. Existing rapid transit is another mode on which labor productivity can be substantially increased. Cooperation of labor unions should be obtained by retaining jobs through increased service frequency, or by passing on a portion of the savings to the operating employees in the form of increased wages for increased duties. KW - Cost engineering KW - Labor market KW - Labor unions KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Train crew requirements KW - Train crews KW - Urban areas KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365356 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Clarke, R AU - Fenton, M C AU - Lu, M AU - Potter, T J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAIN CREW REDUCTION FOR INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY OF RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1982/02 SP - 92 p. AB - Since operating personnel in transit usually represent a substantial, sometimes dominant portion of its labor force, productivity of operating personnel is the major determinant of overall labor productivity in transit agencies. This study focuses on labor productivity in operations of rail transit systems. The focus is on rail systems since rail modes have a considerable potential to achieve an extremely high level of labor productivity through utilization of modern operating practices which have not yet been introduced in many cities. KW - Cost engineering KW - Labor market KW - Labor unions KW - Operating costs KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Train crew requirements KW - Train crews KW - Urban areas KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177421 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365336 AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Nelson, J T AU - Wilson, G P AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - HANDBOOK OF URBAN RAIL NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL: EXECUTIVE DIGEST PY - 1982/02 SP - 58 p. AB - This executive digest presents a summary of the information that is contained in the Handbook of Urban Rail Noise and Vibration Control. The handbook is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the field. The digest is intended for all those who would like an overview of the handbook's contents, either as an introduction to the handbook or as a source of information in and of itself. The text provides information useful in integrating noise and vibration control into transit system planning and operations. The tables, which follow the text, summarize technical information contained in the handbook on control treatments for wayside, vehicle, station, and groundborne noise and vibration. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Handbooks KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation noise KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration isolation KW - Vibration isolators KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177405 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377021 AU - Levitt, R E AU - Logcher, R D AU - Qaddumi, N AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OWNER-ENGINEER RISK SHARING IN URBAN UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PY - 1982/02 SP - 267 p. AB - Previous research, funded by U.S. Dept. of Transportation and carried out at M.I.T., has shown that where owners will share in construction risks, contractors will bid lower prices for construction. This research investigated whether owner-engineer risk allocation would result in reduced design conservatism. The study found that non-technical, institutional variables have a significant impact on design conservatism. As might be predicted, this impact was greatest where site geology was relatively favorable and least in unfavorable rock conditions (where conservative design is needed for good technical reasons). Where rock tunnels are being designed and built in good geotechnical conditions, this study predicts potential direct cost savings of almost 30% by reallocation of design risks. KW - Construction KW - Contract administration KW - Contractors KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Insurance KW - Liability KW - Risk management KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377042 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TROLLEY COACH IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM PY - 1982/02 SP - 6 p. AB - UMTA-sponsored research aimed at low-cost subsystem improvements for trolley coaches and their power supplies has included replacement of conventional cam-control propulsion with DC chopper and with an AC inverter driving an AC traction motor, an emergency off-wire battery-based system, medium-range hybrid diesel propulsion technologies, and a system for automatic connection to the trolley wire. While only 5 trolley bus operations remained from the more than fifty operating 30 years ago, the concept is of growing interest as diesel fuel costs rise. The principal objectives of UMTA's Trolley Coach Improvements Program are to make this type vehicle competitive with other modes of urban transit, and to aid existing operators. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Development KW - Dual powered vehicles KW - Electric power KW - Electrical power collection KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Inverters KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Storage batteries KW - Trolleybuses KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371954 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Beiswenger, Hoch and Associates, Incorporated AU - Harris County, Texas AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOUSTON PARK-AND-RIDE FACILITIES. AN EVALUATION OF SURVEY DATA PY - 1982/02 SP - 74 p. AB - This report presents the results of park-and-ride user surveys, non-user surveys, and traffic surveys performed in the Houston metropolitan area and compares those results to similar surveys performed in the Dallas area as part of previous studies. In addition to obtaining socioeconomic, demographic, and travel information, the surveys were designed to: 1) identify the features of the existing service and be most effective in increasing ridership. The findings are intended to be of value both in planning and operating park-and-ride facilities. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Demographics KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Park and ride KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368142 AU - New Mexico Energy and Minerals Department AU - New Mexico State Highway Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PREPARING FOR POSSIBLE MOTOR FUEL SHORTAGES--A COMMUNITY PLANNING GUIDE, TAOS, NEW MEXICO PY - 1982/02 SP - 89 p. AB - This guide which is designed to help local government, community administrators and concerned citizens of Taos, New Mexico respond to possible future motor fuel supply interruptions, can also be used by those from other areas to prepare for fuel shortages. It is designed to help plan for outside events which might disrupt the area's transportation and offers suggestions on how to deal with the impacts of a sudden curtailment of fuel. The contingency planning process described here consists of five progressive steps: identification of possible transportation management actions appropriate to the community; evaluation of the above actions; combination of selected actions into a local transportation plan; implementation of the plan; and monitoring the results and making adjustments. Emphasis is placed on improving the results by reevaluating the plan. It is important that the plan should be as simple as possible and that it should build upon existing resources, authorities and capabilities. It is also important that the plan should only serve the purpose of easing and eliminating emergencies caused by a shortage of motor fuel. This book overviews and highlights fuel supplies and government roles in emergency transportation planning, considers the factors in contingency planning which include community profiles, needs, resources and constraints, and describes the local emergency planning process. A bibliography is included. KW - Contingency planning KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179001 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368242 AU - New Mexico Energy and Minerals Department AU - New Mexico State Highway Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PREPARING FOR POSSIBLE MOTOR FUEL SHORTAGES: A COMMUNITY PLANNING GUIDE, GRANTS, NEW MEXICO PY - 1982/02 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of this guide is to help local government, community administrators and concerned citizens of Grants, New Mexico, respond to possible future motor fuel supply interruptions. It is designed to help plan for outside events which might disrupt the area's transportation and offers suggestions on how to deal with the impacts of a sudden curtailment of motor fuel. The guide addresses area needs and identifies available resources. Whether these resources rely on people and their attitudes, or on existing means of transportation, certain basic strategies are applicable to many situations in many communities. This guide, therefore, is a tool which will help Grants as well as other areas in New Mexico, prepare for motor fuel shortages should they occur. The guide is divided into eight main sections: Introduction; Overviews highlighting fuel supplies and government roles in emergency transportation planning; Factors in contingency planning which include community profiles, needs, resources and contraints; The local emergency planning process; Summary; Appendix; References; and Bibliography. KW - Contingency planning KW - Gas pipelines KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366952 AU - Narret, P AU - Heramb, C AU - BEAL, D AU - Carlson, R AU - Chicago Department of Public Works AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE STREET TRANSIT MALL BEFORE/AFTER STUDY, PHASE II REPORT PY - 1982/02 SP - v.p. AB - The State Street Transit Mall in downtown Chicago was designed and constructed for three primary purposes: to improve surface transit operations along the nine-block corridor; to enhance the pedestrian environment; and to invigorate the Loop-based economy. This report presents the results of a study measuring the effectiveness of the Mall in meeting these objectives. KW - Before and after studies KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Economic activity KW - Economic conditions KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Pedestrians KW - Transit malls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00321374 AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSIT BUS COMPONENT FAILURE STATISTICS FROM CONVENTIONAL BUS CARD RECORDS PY - 1982/02 AB - The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of determining the probabilities of failure for various major bus components and systems from existing maintenance records. The process for determining the failure probability distributions is demonstrated using maintenance data from the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). This process is applicable at other systems where maintenance records are available. The report discusses the development of the data base, the process of analyzing the data, and presents the results and conclusions. Standard bus maintenance record-keeping procedures are compatible with the requirements of reliability analysis techniques. KW - Highways KW - Safety and security KW - Transportation safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365289 AU - Kosinski, M AU - Foerster, J F AU - Miller, F G AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSIT BUS COMPONENT FAILURE STATISTICS FROM CONVENTIONAL BUS CARD RECORDS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/02 SP - 7 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of determining the probabilities of failure for various major bus components and systems from existing maintenance records. KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Components KW - Failure KW - Failure theory KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Reliability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365290 AU - Kosinski, M AU - Foerster, J F AU - Miller, F G AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSIT BUS COMPONENT FAILURE STATISTICS FROM CONVENTIONAL BUS CARD RECORDS PY - 1982/02 SP - 63 p. AB - The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility and utility of determining the probabilities of failure for various major bus components and systems from existing maintenance records. The process for determining the failure probability distributions is demonstrated using maintenance data from the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). This process is applicable at other systems where maintenance records are available. The report discusses the development of the data base, the process of analyzing the data,and presents the results and conclusions. Standard bus maintenance record-keeping procedures are compatible with the requirements of reliability analysis techniques. KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Components KW - Failure KW - Failure theory KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Records KW - Records management KW - Reliability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365066 AU - Boldig, J D AU - Thompson, J T AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EXTENDED SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1982/02 SP - 61 p. AB - The objectives of the System Operations Studies (SOS) of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) program was to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate AGT system performance and cost, and to establish guidelines for the design and operation of AGT systems. This final report summarizes and documents the work accomplished by General Motors and the Transportation Systems Center in the fulfillment of the Extended System Operations Studies contract. The three main areas covered in this report are: (1) the development of a set of analysis procedures that are supported by the computer models developed during the SOS project; (2) the software changes made to the Discrete Event Simulation Model (DESM) to expand and improve its capability to model guideway transit systems; and (3) the validation of the ability of the DESM to accurately model vehicle merges and the generality of modeling custom designed dispatching algorithm. Also included in this report is a description of three system level models and their possible application to the analysis of conventional transit. KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dispatching KW - Failure KW - Merging traffic KW - Operations research KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177251 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587427 AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Federal Regulations Impact Studies: San Diego Trolley Implementation Process Evaluation PY - 1982/01 SP - 30p AB - The purpose of this study is to identify the difference between the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) procedures and those which would have been required if the system had been built using federal monies. The procedures which will be evaluated include those for planning and engineering, purchasing, contract administration, "buy America" requirements, construction standards, operating plans and labor contracts. For example, MTDB essentially omitted the preliminary engineering phase, going directly from feasibility studies to final design. Also, the light rail vehicles were purchased before final approvals were obtained for the project. Undoubtedly, other differences will be identified. Six methodologies were identified which will be utilized in this "Implementation Process" study: (A) Liaison or Advisory Groups; (B) Position Papers by Advisory Group Members; (C) Questionnaires; (D) Catalogue of Regulations; (E) Functional Responsibility Matrix; and (F) Base Case (Minimum Reasonable Cost). KW - Evaluation KW - Federal laws KW - Impact studies KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan Transit Development Board (San Diego, California) KW - San Diego Trolley KW - Trolley cars KW - United States Code UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56401/federalregulatio01unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395855 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394527 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - INNOVATIONS IN PARKING MANAGEMENT PY - 1982/01 SP - 19 p. AB - Key characteristics of innovative parking management strategies are described for local government decision makers. The report is based upon site visits and communications with transportation officials in more than 100 U.S. cities. Rather than reiterate traditional practices, there are descriptions of a number of different ways in which cities and counties address the issues of how much parking to provide, who should have access to it, and at what cost. Included are off-street parking supply controls, limits on new commercial parking, parking rates for government employees, park and ride, peripheral parking, carpool/vanpool preferential parking, downtown carpool parking, residential parking permits, and enforcement programs. KW - Carpools KW - Central business districts KW - Enforcement KW - Parking costs KW - Parking regulations KW - Parking restrictions KW - Pay parking KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468019 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. REPORT NO. 3: A SPECIFICATION FOR MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS. TASK NO. VI PY - 1982/01 SP - 119 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. Manual 3 specifications covers maintenance instuctions only, namely--instructional design and instruction development process. The manual purpose is to provide assistance to NYCTA organizations responsible for procuring/producing materials for maintenance manuals. KW - Instructions KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279238 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450498 AU - Kaiser Enterprises AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CABLE SUSPENDED TRANSIT SYSTEM STUDY. CONCEPTUAL ENGINEERING PY - 1982/01 SP - 162 p. AB - In present transit system serving downtown New Orleans includes one streetcar line, 19 local bus routes, and 9 express bus routes duing rush hours. The system is considered inadequate to the downtown area. Because a long-term circulation system was needed within the downtown area, the City began a program that would culminate in the procurement and construction of a cable suspended transit system (CSTS) that would be in place and operational for the opening of the 1984 World Exposition. The system was never built. Lack of funding prevented its construction. The City still views the CSTS as a viable alternative for a downtown circulation system. This conceptual engineering report investigates the feasibility of constructing a CSTS in the City of New Orleans. It documents and summarizes the work completed to date on the CSTS. Two major goals associated with the CSTS are: 1) national--to demonstrate the feasibility of a new technology as a major transit circulation system and the advantages over a fixed-guideway system; and 2) regional-to develop a circulation system within the central business district that provides high level service between and within areas not easily accessible to each other. The report presents: goals and objectives used as a starting point for preliminary engineering work; defines systemwide requirements for safety, security, system assurance, and the elderly and handicapped; methods for determning ridership forecasts; vehicle fleet size; stations; maintenance and storage facilities; and right-of-way requirements. In addition, two CSTS guideway configuratgions (Steel-beam guideway and cableway) are presented along with system elements, capital cost estimates, and all-bus alternative. KW - Aerial tramways KW - Cable cars KW - Engineering KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Guideways KW - Louisiana KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Safety KW - Suspended structures KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380797 AU - Wolfsfeld, R P AU - Heppelmann, A J AU - Amundsen, C A AU - Harmon, R J AU - Fort Wayne Public Transportation Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CALHOUN STREET TRANSIT/PEDESTRIAN MALL PY - 1982/01 SP - 115 p. AB - The feasibility of a Transit/Pedestrian Mall on Calhoun Street in downtown Fort Wayne, Indiana is studied. The major purpose of the study is to define the geometric characteristics of Calhoun Street, the transit service plan for downtown, and the vehicle and transit operation strategy for Calhoun Street that supports the continued developmnet of downtown Fort Wayne. The Downtown Development Plan for the City of Fort Wayne is presented. The traffic impacts of closing Calhoun Street are analyzed and a conclusion is reached that Calhoun Street can be closed to general vehicular traffic with some traffic engineering operational adjustments. Several transit operating strategies are developed and the most appropriate transit operating strategy for downtown Fort Wayne is selected. Mall alternatives are developed that address the vehicle and transit operating strategy for Calhoun Street and the geometric characteristics of Calhoun Street. An evaluation methodology is presented and used to select the preferred alternative for Calhoun Street. The economic impacts of the Calhoun Street Mall on Fort Wayne CBD retail sales are presented. Finally, the geometric and urban design of the recommended plan is presented along with the Financial and Management Plans for the Calhoun Street Mall. The conclusion of the study was that a Transit/Pedestrian Mall on Calhoun Street was feasible and a three block area of Calhoun Street should be designated for buses only. KW - Bus lanes KW - Central business districts KW - Geometric design KW - Indiana KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Traffic engineering KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transit malls KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365568 AU - Fisher, G P AU - Meyburg, A H AU - Engineering Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GOODS TRANSPORTATION IN URBAN AREAS: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENGINEERING FOUNDATION CONFERENCE, EASTON, MARYLAND ON JUNE 14-19, 1981 PY - 1982/01 SP - 419 p. AB - Five topics were discussed, namely: (1) Integration of UGM into the urban transportation planning process; (2) Freight movement in relation to urban and land use, planning, terminal facilities, and environment; (3) Fuel conservation and contingency planning; (4) The role of regulation in UGM; and (5) UGM research issues. KW - Cargo transportation KW - Conferences KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight traffic KW - Freight transportation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Land use KW - Meetings KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban goods movement KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177584 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365561 AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey TI - INTEGRATION OF TELEPHONE TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN METROPOLITAN NEW YORK-NEW JERSEY PY - 1982/01 SP - 208 p. AB - The objective of this two-phase study was to determine the feasibility of integrating some, or all, of the seven major telephone information systems in the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area. In this study, the seven major telephone transit information systems in the area were studied in detail, and individual improvements were identified for each center. The demand for information concerning multi-mode trips was estimated based on ridership characteristics and telephone center inquiry rates. Five conceptual levels of integration were developed and analyzed in terms of numbers of calls saved and number of calls handled. Design specifications, implementation procedures and cost and commitment estimates were proposed for selected short-range improvements at each center. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information systems KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - New Jersey KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - Passenger information systems KW - Telephone KW - Transportation KW - Travel KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371580 AU - Johnston, A R AU - Marks, R A AU - Cassell, P AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC VEHICLE SYSTEM DESIGN AMTV II PY - 1982/01 SP - 70 p. AB - Automatic Mixed Traffic Transit (AMTT) is an innovative system concept for low-speed tram-type transit in which suitable vehicles are equipped with sensors and controls to permit them to operate in an automated mode on existing road or walkway surfaces. The AMTT is a transit option which will be useful at sites where a low-speed tram-type service is needed. AMTT is a cost-effective option because costs for the driver dominate in a conventional bus system and guideway costs dominate in an exclusive right-of-way automated guideway transit system. Neither of the cost elements will be present in an AMTT system. This report describes the design of an automated wire-following tram which has been under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The vehicle, which is termed AMTV II in this report, is an improved and enclosed version of an earlier "breadboard" AMTV I. AMTV II is intended for use in tests and demonstrations aimed toward proving the ultimate practicability of a transportation system based on similar vehicles. The development of critical AMTV technology such as improved sensors, safety, reliability, and control techniques are addressed in this report. The approach taken in building the vehicle chassis and body are presented and the chassis and body design are shown in terms of sketches and photographs. The functional design of the sensing and control system of AMTV II, descriptions of subsystems and their interfaces, and modifications which could be made to the baseline design for improved performance, are included. A particular modification to incorporate a 20-mph capability is also discussed. The vehicle system is described at the block-diagram-level of detail. Specifications and parameter values are given where available and a brief set of conclusions are included. KW - Automated mixed traffic transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Guideways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Steering KW - Steering control KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365737 AU - Gundersen, R G AU - Pocaro, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE SCANIA 112 BUS: THE FIRST THREE MONTHS AT NORWALK TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1982/01 SP - 52 p. AB - The Connecticut Department of Transportation and the Norwalk Transit District (NTD) were awarded a grant for the year lease, revenue operation and evaluation of three, heavy-duty, transit coaches that reportedly offer improved performance. This document provides preliminary information on the evaluation of these vehicles. The Scania-112 City Bus was ultimately selected by NTD; selection of the Scania-112 bus centered around the reportedly improved operating characteristics of the vehicle, including: fuel efficiency, low noise level, improved brake service life, improved vehicle maneuverability, and improved passenger accessibility. The evaluation consisted of visual and materials inspection non-revenue performance tests and revenue service evaluation. KW - Accessibility KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Bus design KW - Bus performance KW - Buses KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Maneuverability KW - Performance KW - Performance tests KW - Scania bus KW - Service life KW - Sound level KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368185 AU - Gloucester County Planning Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GLOUCESTER COUNTY TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION PROGRAM PY - 1982/01 SP - v.p. AB - Gloucester County, New Jersey, with Section 18 funding, operates a series of municipal shuttle buses and 3 rural transport routes. The county role is to monitor and coordinate the municipal shuttle buses; acquisition of 10 new buses in 1981 provided 10 of the 13 shuttle operations with lift-equipped buses having greater reliability and fewer maintenance problems. Older buses formed a pool of spares. Summaries of the individual bus operations and ridership are given, along with passenger surveys, information services, and proposed park-and-ride sites. KW - Aged KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Marketing KW - Minibuses KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Rural areas KW - Section 18 KW - Shuttle buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179392 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365270 AU - Roth, G AU - Wynne, G G AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FREE ENTERPRISE URBAN TRANSPORT PY - 1982/01 SP - 67 p. AB - This report provides an overview that describes a number of public transport systems abroad, largely in developing countries, that operate at a profit, and indicates action that enable the United States to develop networks of fast, reliable urban public transport services responsive to users' needs, at prices that most can afford. Chapter 2 of this report provides examples of different types of urban public transport that run at a profit while providing good service. Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of successful urban public transport systems. Chapter 4 reviews the private provision of public transport in U.S. cities and considers the possibilities of their expansion. Chapter 5 outlines how lessons from abroad can be applied to U.S. transportation systems. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Developing countries KW - Financing KW - Foreign KW - Level of service KW - Minibuses KW - Operations KW - Private transportation KW - Profits KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365125 AU - MARKOWITZ, J AU - Dittmar, H AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION DESIGN PROJECT. VOLUME I: DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING MULTI-OPERATOR TRANSIT PASSES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1982/01 SP - 125 p. AB - This is Volume I of the 3-volume final report on a project to develop joint transit fares among several independent transit agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area. This volume covers the design of the selected alternative (a joint monthly pass among the three largest transit systems) and includes the institutional and coordination issues affecting multi-agency activities. Problems arising in implementing the joint arrangements are analyzed and suggestions are offered on improving prospects for progress. KW - Agreements KW - California KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Coordination KW - Implementation KW - Integrated fares KW - Market research KW - Passes KW - Prices KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365148 AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECT OF BUDGETARY CONDITIONS ON TRANSIT DECISION-MAKING AND IMPACTED GROUPS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1982/01 SP - 9 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying budgetary conditions of transit systems on the ability of those systems to provide transit service. The primary impetus for this study was the steadily worsening financial conditions of many of the nation's urban transit systems. It was felt that an analysis of a few carefully selected case studies in detail could help to identify what the effect of these conditions would be on transit system performance. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Consumers KW - Financing KW - Impact studies KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban areas KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365127 AU - Homburger, W S AU - Desveaux, J A AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION DESIGN PROJECT. VOLUME III: CONCEPTUAL PLAN FOR MULTI-OPERATOR JOINT TRANSIT FARES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1982/01 SP - 110 p. AB - This is Volume III of a 3-volume final report on a project to develop joint transit fares among several independent transit agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area. This volume describes the initial identification of the volume (market) of inter-operator travel in the region, reports on the institutional attitudes of the major agencies toward coordinated fares, and proposes several alternatives for achieving fare coordination. KW - Agreements KW - Attitudes KW - California KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Coordination KW - Implementation KW - Integrated fares KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Prices KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Travel KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177275 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365126 AU - Makowitz, J AU - Dittmar, H AU - Metropolitan Transportation Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION DESIGN PROJECT. VOLUME II: DESCRIBING THE MARKET FOR MULTI-OPERATOR TRANSIT PASSES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA PY - 1982/01 SP - 128 p. AB - This is Volume II of the 3-volume final report on a project to develop joint transit fares among several independent transit agencies in the San Francisco Bay Area. This volume describes the initial identification of a market for joint transit fares and the results of two surveys of transit pass buyers. The 1980 survey provided base data on users of the two largest-selling monthly passes; the 1981 survey sought similar information on buyers of the first joint pass to be introduced. Analyses of both surveys detail pass user characteristics and their preferences among sales and distribution methods for passes. KW - Agreements KW - California KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Coordination KW - Implementation KW - Integrated fares KW - Manufacturing KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Prices KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Urban transportation KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177274 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365141 AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECT OF BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS ON TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PY - 1982/01 SP - 80 p. AB - Worsening financial conditions of the nation's urban transit systems stimulated interest in this study. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of varying budgetary conditions of transit systems on the ability of those systems to provide transit service. To identify what the effects of these conditions would be on transit system performance, a few carefully selected case studies were analyzed. The study examined bus transit services provided by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) in the Philadelphia area, and the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) in the San Francisco area; and the commuter rail operations of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad (CNW), the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), and the Reading ConRail commuter operations in the Philadelphia area now being operated for SEPTA. Technological innovation in urban systems may be necessary. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Financing KW - Impact studies KW - Needs assessment KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban areas KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365015 AU - Silva, L P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY OF DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) WINTERIZATION TEST ACTIVITIES PY - 1982/01 SP - 101 p. AB - This report describes and summarizes the test activities and presents the results of a two-year winter operation test program for three technologically-different Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The basic objective of the program was to determine if fully-automated Downtown People Movers (DPM) systems could provide reliable urban transportation in severe winter climates. Specifically, the program was to determine the capabilities and limitations of the suppliers' developments in the areas of traction, propulsion, braking, steering, power collection, vehicle and guideway electronics, switching, door opening, and overall system performance in severe winter weather. The program addressed these areas through a combination of subsystem and system-level capability under various winter conditions. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Braking performance KW - Cold weather KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Electric power supply KW - Electronics KW - Ice formations KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Snow removal KW - Steering KW - Switching KW - Testing KW - Traction KW - Urban transportation KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winter service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365020 AU - Mitchell, H E AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE HISTORIES IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1982/01 SP - 82 p. AB - Productive, qualified personnel and organizational effectiveness are vital to the successful, cost-conscious operation of public transit. These requirements are especially imperative in view of increasing demands being made by public transit patrons for modern, efficient transportation service. The problem is further compounded by the impact of changing technologies and rising operating costs. This study provides a much needed perspective of how transit organizations function in addressing the human resources requirements. The need to develop case history material denoting the current complexities of management problems in education and training was also recognized. Therefore, eight case studies were developed from the author's field experience in seven major transit properties in 1978 and 1979. The field work for these case studies was carried out with the cooperation of personnel in the transit properties, which have been disguised in the report for purposes of publication. The cases vary in their complexity, and the central theme in each case history was not predetermined. The main issue reflects a human resource problem which management in each case was currently facing. KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364921 AU - Chung, C C AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSETTE SYSTEM APPLICATION STUDY PY - 1982/01 SP - 70 p. AB - Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) is a relatively new public transportation system concept that involves the use of automatically controlled, driverless vehicles that operate on exclusive rights-of-way. The Transette AGT system is an innovative, relatively low-cost prototype system that has been underway since 1972. The two study sites near downtown Atlanta were selected for cost and level of service analyses. This study was undertaken to determine the near-term application potential of the Transette system in urban areas and to recommend technological improvement areas for Transette. Cost and level of service comparisons between Transette, bus, and walking were conducted. The Transette system uses guideway-mounted belts for the propulsion and control of passive vehicles. Its guideway-based propulsion system permits the design of light and uncomplicated vehicles and offers the potential for higher reliability than most current AGT system designs, together with lower capital and operating and maintenance costs. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Analysis KW - Applications KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Belt conveyors KW - Belt drives KW - Capital costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Driverless rail transit KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes KW - Railroad transportation KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177160 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365023 AU - Boehmer, L S AU - Holbrook, A P AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) WINTERIZATION TEST DEMONSTRATION: WESTINGHOUSE PY - 1982/01 SP - 174 p. AB - The Westinghouse Downtown People Mover (DPM) Winterization Test Demonstration (WTD) Final Report covers the 1978-79 and 1979-80 winter periods. Tests were performed at the Westinghouse Transportation Division (WTD) test track located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The tests performed and covered in this document fall into 3 general categories: (1) system start-up at low temperatures; (2) system operational tests in snow; and (3) system operational tests with ice. The objective of the program was to demonstrate that fully automated and simple DPM systems can be a reliable urban transit alternative in severe cold climates. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicers KW - Deicers (Equipment) KW - Frost damage KW - Heating equipment KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Snow and ice control KW - Snow removal KW - Starting KW - Starting (Driving) KW - Switches (Railroads) KW - Test tracks KW - Testing KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winter service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365018 AU - SULLIVAN, D P AU - Zaenger, J AU - Universal Mobility, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) WINTERIZATION TEST DEMONSTRATION: UMI PY - 1982/01 SP - 235 p. AB - This report describes and summarizes the test activities and presents the results of a two-year winter operation test program for three technologically-different Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The basic objective of the program was to determine if fully-automated Downtown People Movers (DPM) systems could provide reliable urban transportation in severe winter climates. Specifically, the program was to determine the capabilities and limitations of the suppliers' developments in the area of traction, propulsion, braking, steering, power collection, vehicle and guideway electronics, switching, door opening, and overall system performance in severe winter weather. The program addressed these areas through a combination of subsystem and system-level capability under various winter conditions. This report shows that the UNIMOBIL DPM system of Universal Mobility, Inc., can perform satisfactorily in harsh winter environments. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Braking performance KW - Cold weather KW - Data collection KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Electric power supply KW - Electronics KW - Ice formations KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Snow removal KW - Steering KW - Switching KW - Testing KW - Traction KW - Urban transportation KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winter service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365086 AU - Anderson, S C AU - Fielding, G J AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1982/01 SP - 95 p. AB - The research tests the usefulness for performance analysis of data resulting from Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. The 1978-79 statistics were used to validate a framework for performance analysis based upon efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose for examining the Section 15 data were (1) to assess data reliability; (2) to develop a small set of performance indicators; and (3) to produce a classification of bus systems based upon inherent characteristics. Nine dimensions of performance, developed from 60 measures, were used to develop a performance index that can be applied to individual transit properties. This report provides a brief history of the Section 15 system, assesses its usefulness and concludes with suggestions for improvements to the system. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Classification KW - Comparative analysis KW - Data analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177257 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364954 AU - Maze, T H AU - Khasnabis, S AU - Kapur, K C AU - Kutsal, M AU - Wayne State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY FOR LOCATING AND SIZING TRANSIT FIXED FACILITIES AND THE DETROIT CASE STUDY PY - 1982/01 SP - 161 p. AB - The objective of this study is to develop and test a model that can be used to determine optimal bus garage locations and garage capacity allocations on an areawide basis. The research combines a cost estimation method with a traditional Operations Research cost minimization technique to search out an optimal sizing and locational strategy for new fixed facilities. The methodology developed herein will provide transit planners with tools to test and compare a broad range of possible facility locations and sizing schemes, and with the ability to select the minimum cost facility configuration. KW - Allocations KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost engineering KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Detroit (Michigan) KW - Estimates KW - Estimating KW - Facilities KW - Garages KW - Location KW - Mathematical models KW - Methodology KW - Operations research KW - Plant location KW - Size KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177179 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365021 AU - Mitchell, H E AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE HISTORIES IN HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1982/01 SP - 22 p. AB - The purpose of this Instructor's Manual is to provide assistance in using the companion report. The main objective of the cases is to give the student a human resource perspective while analyzing eight human resource management cases of varying complexity in the field of mass public transportation. These case studies were developed from the author's field experience and the names of the transit properties involved have been disguised in the report for purposes of publication. The cases vary in their complexity and the main issue reflects a human resource problem which management in each case was currently facing. Included in this Manual for each case are: (1) suggestions regarding the use of the case; (2) a case summary; (3) assignment questions for discussion; and (4) bibliographic references. KW - Case studies KW - Costs KW - Effectiveness KW - Instructional materials KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Personnel KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - Training KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177222 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365069 AU - Hendrickson, C AU - Plank, E AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAVELER RESPONSES TO SERVICE LEVEL CHANGES AND VARIATIONS DURING THE MORNING PEAK PERIOD PY - 1982/01 SP - 78 p. AB - The study analyzed the importance of variations in transportation level of service over the course of the peak period of travel in urban areas, particularly with regard to travelers' departure time decisions. Such time-dependent service characteristics include transit waiting time, travel time, and service reliability. Management policies for transportation systems often involve direct or indirect influences on user departure time decisions and the level of congestion over time. Expansions to roadway facilities may result in additional bunching or peaking of departure times, so that the resulting reduction in congestion is less than would otherwise occur. Staggered work hours or peak period transit fares attempt to directly influence departure time decisions. A better understanding of the factors which influence departure time decisions and their relative importance should greatly aid the transportation system management and planning process. Attention was focused upon morning, peak period trips to work. Data on the extent of travel time peaking, variability in travel times, transit service, service reliability, and transit users' wait time variability in travel times, transit service, service reliability, and transit users' wait time variability are presented. Elasticities of mode choice and departure time decisions are calculated from estimated models. A variety of management policy changes are simulated and results estimated, including peak period toll and fare surcharges, capacity expansions, and increased transit service schedule reliability. Results of this study indicate that departure time decisions are more flexible than are mode choice decisions. KW - Consumer behavior KW - Departure time KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Operations management KW - Peak periods KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User reactions KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177252 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365011 AU - Hewitt, M A AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) WINTERIZATION TEST DEMONSTRATION: OTIS ELEVATOR PY - 1982/01 SP - 207 p. AB - The Otis Elevator Company Transportation Technology Division (OTIS-TTD) Downtown People Mover (DPM) Winterization Test Demonstration Final Report covers the 1978-79 and 1979-80 winter periods. Tests were performed at the Otis test track in Denver, Colorado. The two vehicles used during the winter testing program were (1) the Duke University Medical Center vehicle, and (2) a test vehicle with same performance as the Duke vehicle. Both are HOVAIR supported, linear induction motor driven, automated vehicles. This report presents the results, conclusions and recommendations of the winter operation capabilities of the OTIS-TTD HOVAIR vehicle and DPM equipment. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Data collection KW - Ice formations KW - Linear induction motors KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Snow removal KW - Test tracks KW - Test vehicles KW - Testing KW - Urban transportation KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winter service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161653 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Daly City station turnback improvement alternatives : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft, Final; Comments, responses, hearing transcripts, exhibit I B1 KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01134549 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Honolulu area fixed guideway rapid transit project : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft, Final, Final supplement to the final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Hawaii UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/895308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070656 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - San Jose transit mall : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830041 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070654 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Baltimore region transit system North Corridor-MetroCenter; alternatives analysis and environmental impact study : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070653 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Boston Green Line at North Station, Alternative improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Massachusetts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070650 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Overtown Station area redevelopment, Miami : environmental impact statement PY - 1982///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462905 AU - OPLAN, Incorporated AU - Municipality of Trujillo Alto AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRUJILLO ALTO PUBLICO TERMINAL SITE SELECTION STUDY PY - 1982 SP - 139 p. AB - This study sought to select a site within the Town Center for a Publico Terminal inorder to improve the public transportation system and provide a more effective link of the Town Center with the rural and semirural areas as well as the new suburban developments. It is hoped that the Publico Terminal will be the impetus for the improvement and further development of the town and the municipality. KW - Central business districts KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Location KW - Public transit KW - Puerto Rico KW - Rural areas KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935209 AU - Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SANTA BARBARA ELECTRIC BUS PROJECT : PHASE 3 : FISCAL YEAR 1982 PY - 1982 SP - 1 v. AB - This document constitutes an application to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration for research, development, and demonstration grant to be used by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for Phase 3 of the Santa Barbara Electric Bus Project. It first gives background information on the project. This is followed by a discussion of the work plan for Phase 3 involving the prototypes and testing. , explains the need for additional funding, and gives background information on the project and the completed components of the project to date. The document also discusses the significance and national implications of roadway electrification and inductive coupling technology for other applications beyond transit. KW - Electric buses KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Guided buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00773294 AU - de Moraes, Carlos AU - Motola, Joseph AU - Custom Engineering, Inc. AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BILL HANDLING PROBLEMS IN BUS FARE COLLECTION PY - 1982 SP - vii, 51 p. AB - The focus of this research was to identify, define and recommend potential solutions to the problems confronted by bus properties in handling dollar bills in their fare collection systems. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/489481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377045 AU - Wisenall, T AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A MANAGEMENT PLANNING PROCESS FOR THE LOSS OF FEDERAL OPERATING ASSISTANCE PY - 1982 SP - 13 p. AB - A structured, three phase Management Planning Process (MPP) is described as a basis for financial and strategic planning to avoid management by crisis. MPP addresses five major areas: Problem identification, impact analysis, solution development, implementation planning and policy performance monitoring. The procedures under this system as applied to the problem of loss of federal funding for transit are intended to minimize impact on both riders and community. With the computer-based financial planning model, variables may be inserted for any category and projections checked and/or altered to suit developing situations rapidly. While the example is applied to loss of federal operating assistance, it is readily adaptable to any set of rapidly changing conditions. KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Strategic planning KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377044 AU - Kimball, L A AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DENVER'S QUARTERLY PROGRESS REVIEW PY - 1982 SP - 6 p. AB - Denver's Regional Transit District has established a regular review process for every phase of its operation, along with an Office of Program Analysis responsible for looking at the whole organization in terms of productivity, schedule adherence and budget adherence. A quarterly review is held for the management a few days in advance of the presentation to the Transit Board. Management information includes project information in greater detail than is provided to the Board. In addition to the quarter's activities, one-year projections are also reviewed. Problems and solutions are highlighted, along with needs for interdepartmental coordination. Through the review process, problems are addressed early and effectively. Reviews also encourage planning and monitoring, as well as increasing credibility. Plans are to automate preparation of much of the information and to change report format in some cases. KW - Budgeting KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Financial analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Management KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Transit boards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190832 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377046 AU - MacDorman, L C AU - MacDorman, J C AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TRANSIT EXTRABOARD: SOME OPPORTUNITIES FOR COST SAVING PY - 1982 SP - 57 p. AB - Using a survey sample, it is estimated that there could be a $50 million annual saving for the U.S. transit industry through improved manpower planning and extraboard sizing. While constraints of labor agreements and reluctance of transit operator to work overtime tend to increase manpower requirements it is argued that high costs being incurred should induce management action. Without impairing safety or quality of service, it is claimed that the operators roster can be reduced to a "practical or political" size, if not the most efficient. Vehicle availability must also be examined, since it is uneconomical to have a staff bigger than the fleet of vehicles ready for service. In collective bargaining, work rules that should come in for special attention are those that restrict overtime work, reductions in force, and use of part-time operations. Absenteeism is the primary factor which influences extraboard size and methods of controlling this situation are described. KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus drivers KW - Collective bargaining KW - Extraboards KW - Labor agreements KW - Part time employees KW - Productivity KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190834 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377170 AU - SETNE, P AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THREE LEVEL PROCESS FOR CONTROLLING ENGINE LIFE IN TRANSIT PY - 1982 SP - 11 p. AB - This paper outlines the processes and functions necessary to maximize bus engine life in the transit environment. There are three levels, with Levels I and II required for minimum maintenance of a fleet. Level I is the control of catastrophic engine failures through elimination of maintenance-related causes (leaks, automatic shutdown systems, cooling capability, valve-train adjustment). Level II is assurance of engine air and oil quality (with adequate control of these factors, a bus engine life should be upwards of 125,000 miles). Level III, allowing consistent engine life of 250,000 to 300,000 miles involves the use of computer record keeping of engine fluids usage and complete laboratory tests to assure the chemical and physical properties of the lubricating oil, and to measure contaminants and wear metals. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Coolants KW - Diesel engines KW - Laboratory tests KW - Lubricating oils KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Spectrographic analysis KW - Trace elements KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377047 AU - Inglish, J M AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED LABOR PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH A COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT APPROACH PY - 1982 SP - 18 p. AB - Utah Transit Authority expanded rapidly in the 1970s as it took over bankrupt private transit lines. Late in the decade the operation was plagued by poor service reliability, low productivity, high accident rate, excessive absenteeism and uneven daily labor demand. First improvements in scheduling were achieved with RUCUS computerized scheduling, and then improved maintenance assured greater vehicle availability. Then UTA management began to move into new work rules. An experimental labor agreement, effective in 1980, agreed to increase the allowable time from 11 to 14 hours, extend allowable regular run time from 9 to 10 hours, permit use of part-time operators with regular daily assignments and eliminate the extraboard. To compensate for lack of an extraboard, regular report shifts were devised. With the changes, absenteeism has declined, labor productivity has increased, service reliability and safety have improved and labor turnover has dropped substantially. KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus drivers KW - Labor agreements KW - Management KW - Part time employees KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Salt Lake City (Utah) KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190835 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371632 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Quintin, W P AU - Fencken, D H AU - Wong, Peter G H AU - Katz, J N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BASE SPECIFICATIONS FOR MAJOR SUBSYSTEMS ON THE SAN DIEGO LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PROJECT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 144-149 AB - This paper provides information on the development of the base specifications for four major subsystems on the San Diego light rail transit project. These subsystems include transit vehicles, traction power, and signal and fare collection equipment. The plans and specifications were prepared from the operations plan and project design criteria. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Electric substations KW - Fare collection KW - Feeders KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance based specifications KW - Planning KW - San Diego (California) KW - Signal systems KW - Specifications KW - Subsystems KW - Traffic signal control systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188393 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372075 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, Douglass AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AN OUTLINE OF THE EMERGING URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 35-38 AB - The paper notes that an essential feature of a suitable planning process is the integration of the political and technical aspects of planning. Comments are made on the nature of the political decision process. The components of planning are identified as the following: generation of alternatives for consideration; the estimation of impacts for each alternative; and the evaluation of which alternative to select. Inputs to the technical side of evaluation are noted. Evaluation criteria are discussed and a framework for evaluation is presented. While the new planning process retains most of the procedures of current practice, there is a shift in emphasis toward evaluation. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Criteria KW - Evaluation KW - Impacts KW - Politics KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188679 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372082 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN THE 1980S PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - 52 p. AB - These are the proceedings of a conference in which government officials, transportation planners, consultants and academic experts considered emerging problems and recommended appropriate technical and institutional responses. The conference participants identified and discussed the following: new requirements for urban transportation planning in light of shifting federal, state, and local needs and responsibilities; technical procedures and methods that have proven appropriate in meeting emerging requirements; and research needs in light of the new requirements for transportation planning. A wide varying panel discussion covered the evolving relationships among federal, state and local governments and their implications for future urban transportation planning. Presentations were made by panelists. Resource papers by technical experts stressed the basic strength and continued relevance of existing urban transportation models, another emphasized planning based on analysis of past experience, and a third considered ways to make planning more responsive recent social and economic trends. The central themes of the conference were addressed in 5 workshops which considered the following: long-range regional transportation planning; project planning--evaluation of alternatives and impacts; planning for transportation management and operations; planning for financing, implementation and evaluation; and the future of the urban transportation planning process. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Evaluation KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Future policies KW - Local government KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Regional transportation KW - Research KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188686 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372071 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Heathington, Kenneth W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 18-24 AB - The workshop on planning for transportation management and operations took note of the changing environment in the transportation field that has greatly altered the needs of decisionmakers. With the shifting of the majority of public transportation services in the 1960s into the public sector and with the reduction of the large construction programs in the highway field, individuals responsible for transportation activities at the state and local levels of government find themselves facing a different set of issues. Prior management requirements were oriented toward facility planning, but future requirements will be directed toward the efficient, effective, and economical management of existing systems, both physical and operational. Most likely there will be a continual merging of public transportation operations and traffic engineering activities over the next decade, even though the amount of funds allocated for each of these areas may be substantially reduced. As the emphasis is changed in the transportation field, new or different skills will be required for managing resources. Since the emphasis will change from design construction, and acquisition of transit operating properties, the skills needed for day-to-day management will be quite different. Thus, transportation personnel, both academic and field practitioners, must reorient their thinking and their training programs in order to perform successfully in this new environment. Individuals coming into the transportation field must be provided with an appropriate mix of new skills to operate in this new environment. In addition, there is a need for the reorientation and retraining of individuals already in the field to meet the challenges of the different environment. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Training KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188675 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372072 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bay, Paul N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PLANNING FOR FINANCING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 24-27 AB - The overall objectives of the workshop on planning for financing, implementation, and evaluation were (a) to define the major planning needs of the 1980s in planning, programming, budgeting, and implementing projects or services; (b) to define the tools or methods needed for financial planning, implementation, and ongoing evaluation; and (c) to recommend changes in the federal regulations that would improve the processes of financial planning, programming, budgeting, implementation, and evaluation. This workshop as a whole reviewed and determined the general findings and major planning needs of the 1980s. However, two subcommittees or task forces were formed to separately address tools and methods and federal regulations. The recommendations of these two task forces were then reviewed, modified, and adopted by the workshop as a whole. In addition, the workshop identified nine issue areas during the course of discussion, and these are summarized below. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Budgeting KW - Computer programming KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Implementation KW - Programming KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188676 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372074 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamburg, John R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: A UNIFIED APPROACH PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 32-35 AB - The point is made that a regional transportation plan must evolve through a synthesis and integration of local plans which consider regional demand as well as local supply. This is possible through use of simulation software which permits focusing on an area of interest while simultaneously dealing with the remainder of the region. The simulation software can handle finely detailed networks and very small zones at a subarea level so that impacts which might be lost in the regional approach may be simulated and evaluated. It is also noted that simulation is essential to estimating the traffic performance impacts of one or more actions, whatever the scale, time frame, or capital costs of the actions. The ingredients for unifying all the different planning actions, it is suggested, are now available. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Impacts KW - Regional transportation KW - Software KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188678 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372076 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wachs, Martin AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOCIAL TRENDS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 39-47 AB - Major social changes now underway are summarized and their implications for travel and transportation are discussed. The changes which are all interdependent are identified as follows: changes in the American household; transition to the post-industrial society; and changes in price structure of transportation and housing. Demographic and functional changes in American households are leading to the possibility that travel will no longer be statistically associated with traditional predictive variables. More complex life style variables hold promise as ways of explaining and predicting travel in relation to household structure. Urban economies are changing and, the transition to the post-industrial metropolis is transforming the nature of the labor markets and urban form from which travel patterns are also drawn. Also, the price structure of housing and public transportation is also changing in ways that have not yet been fully understood but are causing shifts in travel patterns. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Housings KW - Labor market KW - Prices KW - Social factors KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188680 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372078 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Torp, Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLVING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. REMARKS BY KENNETH TORP PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - p 8 AB - The key to good planning is the establishing of a good rapport among the participating agencies. Unnecessary red tape, detailed prescriptive regulations, and the imposition of undue emphasis on federal policies not directly related to transportation must be eliminated. Three fundamental questions facing planners are noted: What should be the scope of urban transportation planning; What should be the appropriate level of transportation planning; and What are the possible outcomes of a reduced federal role in transportation? There is a need for transportation plans that mesh with land use--with economic, environmental and then functional plans. Various transportation modes should be broadly and cooperatively planned, and include capital investment, operations, and transportation system management techniques that should be carried out in concert. Also, state and local officials should plan in concert with citizen input. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Capital KW - Federal government KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Land use KW - Local government KW - Public participation KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188682 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372073 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schofer, Joseph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 27-30 AB - The workshop on the future of the urban transportation planning process explored the general attributes of the urban transportation process as it is most likely to, and as it should most desirably, evolve in the coming decades. Particular concern was devoted to the broad issues and problems associated with the process today. These include apparent mismatches between planning products and decisionmaker needs, deficiencies in planning methods and the uncertainty associated with future transportation system requirements and performance (and forecasts of that performance), characteristics of the emerging market for planning products, and appropriate styles and modes of behavior for transportation planners. Because of the size of this workshop and the complexity of issues it faced, the group first met as a whole to refine its objectives and then reassembled into three smaller workshops with the following discussion topics: Future Institutional Responsibilities for Transportation Planning, Including the Federal Role (Robert E. Paaswell, Chairman); Emerging Clients, Markets, Strategies, Tactics, and Products of Transportation Planning (David F. Schulz, Chairman); and Role of Methods and Models in Future Urban Transportation Planning Activities (Joel Horowitz, Chairman). The small group discussions focused initially on matching clients with existing and future planning products as a function of the level and scale of planning; exploration of potential roles and styles for planning professionals; and assessment of the current and potential applications of quantitative models and other tools and methods in transportation planning. These discussions broadened in scope as the conference proceeded. The results of the small group deliberations were brought back to the entire workshop for discussion, refinement, and consensus. This report presents the integrated recommendations and observations of the full workshop. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Behavior KW - Decision making KW - Future policies KW - Markets KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Performance KW - Policy KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188677 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372080 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Ringo, Philip J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLVING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. REMARKS BY PHILIP J. RINGO PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 9-10 AB - Compelling facts faced today by the transit operator are noted. These include the necessity for reduction in service from 10 to 50 percent, fare restructuring, and for considering alternative to the traditional fixed-route transit. This has led to the identification of four major areas of immediate planning needs: fare policy and user charges; service design and evaluation; combination of the first two; and the necessity to understand and develop a more cohesive network of transportation services. Comments are made on each of these areas. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Federal government KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - State government KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban transportation KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188684 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372069 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LONG-RANGE REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 12-16 AB - The workshop on long-range regional transportation planning in the 1980s considered the time frame of regional transportation planning and prepared a list of recommended improvements in transportation analysis methodology to meet the anticipated needs. Discussions were organized to define the most important functions of a long-range or regional nature. Significant issues to be addressed by those functions were then identified, and important considerations and products for those planning efforts were specified. Needed improvements in current methods were then proposed along with necessary research and development. The proposals of this workshop are especially important because of the broad constituency that is represented by agreement among the participants. Six each were from state departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations. Most of these agencies have been active leaders in long-range regional transportation planning. The other participants represented a nearly complete spectrum of other interested groups: cities, associations, consultants, universities, and the federal government. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Long term KW - Needs assessment KW - Regional transportation KW - Time duration KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188673 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372070 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kassoff, Hal AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROJECT PLANNING: EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES AND IMPACTS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 16-18 AB - The objectives of the workshop on project planning were (a) to assess current practices in this area; (b) to identify strengths and weaknesses in planning methods and requirements; and (c) to recommend improvements in the process. First, the workshop defined project planning as the process of developing sufficient information about the feasibility, costs, benefits, and environmental effects of alternative transportation improvements and of making an informed decision about whether and how to proceed with implementation. The workshop maintained that the process and act of decisionmaking are the culmination of project planning. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefits KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impacts KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188674 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372081 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hanson, Royce E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLVING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. REMARKS BY ROYCE E. HANSON PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 10-11 AB - If the validity of comprehensive planning where it meets the federal planning requirements is recognized, wasted time and money would be eliminated. Where possible, state and federal planning processes should be consolidated with the local process. If this is not possible and the planning process meets the necessary federal procedural requirements, it should be allowed to substitute for that process. It is noted that it might be practical to preclude new locational studies where there is an adopted master plan that meets federal process requirements. The change is political perceptions is noted. There is a need to rethink the transportation financing process and long-term capital financing schemes should include a depreciation system so that a way of replacing the system and keeping it in good repair is built into the financing network. Planning at the local level has today become more complicated and sophisticated and there has been a change in the character of cities. These factors make it imperative that transportation planning be looked at within the broader planning and development context. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Depreciation KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Local government KW - Master plans KW - Planning KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188685 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372077 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Barnhart, Ray A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLVING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. REMARKS BY RAY A. BARNHART PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 7-8 AB - National significance and congressional direction will be the criteria used to determine the extent of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) involvement. FHWA is now seeking to return authority and responsibility to state and local governments in those matters that are of predominantly of local interest. FHWA is also helping to minimize the delay that state and local agencies have in implementing transportation improvements. There will be continued FHWA involvement in the primary system, bridge programs, and in planning assistance to state and local agencies. Legislation for $46 billion for the Federal Highway Aid Program has been passed. This paper also comments on the impact of the shift of responsibility back to the state and local governments. Support for untraditional transportation services such as ridesharing and paratransit programs will become part of the FHWA program. The importance of working together in a cooperative atmosphere is emphasized. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Federal aid KW - Federal aid highways KW - Federal government KW - Federal highway administrator KW - Improvements KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188681 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372079 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Downs, Thomas M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLVING FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL RELATIONSHIPS: THE FUTURE OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. REMARKS BY THOMAS M. DOWNS PY - 1982 IS - 196 SP - pp 8-9 AB - It has been suggested that there ought to be a revised formula on PRPL money which would emphasize the person miles of travel in the area. It has also been suggested that planning research and systems management activities be eligible for funding from the entire federal aid highway program at state and local government discretion, including the interstate system. The suggestions made could lead to states and counties making tradeoffs for allocating limited funds among planning management and capital projects, rather that these projects be dictated by federal formulas in conflict with federal statutes and policies. It is necessary that there be an urban transportation planning process in urban areas with a population of more than 250,000. In complex urban areas lke the Washington Metropolitan Area, there is a need for a common data base on growth, land use, and patterns of travel and a forum to debate common local finance needs. The urban planning process will provide specialized technologies and technicians that local jurisdictions or the state cannot afford to provide. Federal responsibilities which go with a federal revenue source are noted. U1 - Conference on Urban Transportation Planning in the 1980sUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWarrenton,Virginia,United States StartDate:19811109 EndDate:19811102 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Databases KW - Federal government KW - Federal highway administrator KW - Finance KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Land use KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188683 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371603 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larwin, Thomas F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LRT FIXED FACILITIES AND VEHICLES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 12-14 AB - Transit vehicles, right-of-way variations, station, facilities, electrification facilities and trackwork are reviewed in this paper. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Electric substations KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad electrification KW - Railroad tracks KW - Right of way UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188364 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371605 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schumann, J W AU - Nelson, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - BUILDING CONSENSUS FOR LIGHT RAIL: A TALE OF TWO CITIES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 21-24 AB - This paper summarizes the experiences of San Diego and Sacramento with light rail transit projects from inception to implementation. Differences and similarities in building a consensus for light rail in the communities and among official, decisionmaking bodies are described and contrasted. Public officials in San Diego became dissatisfied with the rail development approaches taken by planners and established a new agency and provided special funding for transit system development. The new agency accelerated the planning process and, at the same time, worked to build consensus for light rail among local officials and the public at large. Interest in light rail transit for Sacramento began with a group of citizens who wanted to improve transportation facilities and reduce the negative environmental impacts of automobile use and freeway construction. For 8 years they used a "grass roots" approach to arouse public interest and to build a pro-LRT consensus among the region's public decisionmaking bodies. No professional staff was committed to light rail during the first 5 years of this effort. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Light rail transit KW - Planning KW - Sacramento (California) KW - San Diego (California) KW - Transit boards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188366 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371618 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Felz, H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM IN HANOVER PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 83-85 AB - Light rail transit systems can be developed in various stages, from a streetcar system that shares its right-of-way with other traffic up to a transportation system that operates substantially on exclusive rights-of-way (underground, at-grade, or elevated). Hanover's LRT system developed from an existing streetcar system by constructing a tunnel system in the inner city. This tunnel system allows a high performance level in that part of the city where the streetcar service had become unreliable because it shared its right-of-way with private cars. By incorporating elements of rapid transit and streetcar operation, the light rail system meets the city's demand for attractive transit services at an acceptable cost level. The system components, infrastructure (rights-of-way, stops, stations), vehicles, and operations are developed to a level tailored to Hanover's local conditions and the desired service quality. Buses used as a feeder and distribution system are also integrated into the transit concept. The infrastructure is characterized by an exclusive right-of-way (tunnel) in the inner core of the city and a separate right-of-way in the surface sections, mostly in the median of arterial streets. The Hanover LRT vehicle is a bidirectional, articulated 8-axle car. Trains are operated in 2-or 3-car units. Retractable steps allow passengers to board and alight at both low and high level platforms. The electronic DC chopper control provides smooth, jerk-free acceleration and deceleration. Savings in traction current, including energy recovery during braking, amount to about 25 percent. The system combines signal control on the sections with exclusive right-of-way, with visual control on all other sections of the network. Special control devices for traffic lights that reduce waiting times for transit vehicles and a computerized vehicle monitoring and operating control system ensure a high performance standard. The results of traffic surveys and studies clearly illustrate the success of the light rail system in Hanover. Increases from 30 to 50 percent in the number of passengers are reported on the LRT routes in revenue service today. In addition, private companies have invested extensively in the CBD area where public investments for the LRT system are combined with a redesign program of major parts of the city center. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Coordination KW - Hannover (Germany) KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Light rail transit KW - Physical properties KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Ridership KW - Right of way KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188379 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371620 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - EDGAR, J P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A CASE FOR THE REEVALUATION OF SUBSURFACE POWER COLLECTION FOR LIGHT RAIL IN SENSITIVE DOWNTOWN AREAS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 89-93 AB - Because of rapidly increasing costs and the disruption of the urban environment during construction, a subway is no longer the automatic choice for light rail operation in downtown areas. As a result, street surface alternatives are more frequently being considered. In the past, streetcars powered by overhead wires were in widespread use. However, objections were raised on aesthetic grounds to the use of overhead wires in environmentally sensitive areas. To meet these objections, an alternative power collection system was developed that used conductor rails located in a ductway below the road surface. Extensive subsurface power systems functioned successfully for many years in several cities, including New York, London, and Washington, and smaller systems were operated in Brussels, Berlin, Paris, Budapest, and Dresden. Several new subsurface collection systems have since been built using modern materials and construction methods. The success of the subsurface power systems for light rail in such cities as Calgary and San Diego, where careful planning has blended the light rail operation into area traffic patterns, points the way to greater use of such systems in the future. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Conductor rails KW - Design KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Light rail transit KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - State of the art studies KW - Subsurface power systems KW - Third rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188381 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371635 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Minister, R David AU - Clarke, D J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN DESIGNING A JOINT BUS-LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT MALL PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 156-161 AB - Cities are turning more and more to bus and LRT transit mall solutions primarily because the costs of building a transit mall for servicing downtown areas are between $15 and $30 million per mile (1981 dollars) whereas building a subway would cost between $60 and $120 million per mile in a CBD environment. Ongoing energy, maintenance, and security costs are also much less with a transit mall than with a subway station alternative, and pedestrian access is much quicker and easier, particularly for elderly and handicapped persons. This paper identifies and describes key design factors considered in the development of a joint bus-light rail transit mall for the downtown area in San Jose, California. Other light rail mall designs researched for this paper include recent projects in San Diego, Buffalo, Calgary, Denver, Portland, and Sacramento. Secondary design considerations are also addressed, as are detailed design elements. A unique design solution was developed for the downtown San Jose transit mall to maximize its potential benefits. This solution utilizes a wide median island from which transit passengers can board either buses or light rail vehicles while maintaining separate lanes for each mode and maintaining auto access to all properties. The two one-way bus-LRT transit malls have thus been designed to interface effectively with three major modes of transportation: light rail transit, buses, and automobiles. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Concepts KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Innovation KW - Interfaces KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Light rail transit KW - San Jose (California) KW - Shopping centers KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188396 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371637 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stone, Thomas J AU - Wild, W A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR LRT IN EXISTING MEDIANS: DEVELOPING WARRANTS FOR PRIORITY TREATMENTS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 170-175 AB - This paper examines current light rail transit planning and design criteria for at-grade crossings and suggests that an alternative criterion be used to determine if priority treatment is justified for LRT at such crossings. Current practice is assumed to be represented by the recently completed UMTA-funded research into light rail surface operations, which suggests that the appropriate evaluation criterion is the impact of light rail on the estimated level of service of the intersection of the arterial carrying light rail and the cross street. This paper, however, argues that the use of the level of service criterion significantly favors the automobile mode over the LRT mode for a wide range of automobile volumes and LRT passenger volumes because it does not consider the volume of people carried by transit. The criterion used to make this determination is the total estimated person-delay induced at the intersection for both automobile users and transit riders. The results suggest, therefore, that at-grade LRT solutions that employ priority measures may be warranted for a wider range of situations than previously deemed appropriate. The design situation used for illustration is the insertion of LRT into an existing highway median. However, the methodology used to evaluate overall intersection performance, both with and without priority treatment for LRT, is applicable to other design situations as well. It is recommended that additional research be conducted by applying the person-delay criterion to other design situations. It is hoped that ultimately a set of warrants will be adopted for LRT priority treatments that are based on the person-delay criterion. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Light rail transit KW - Person delay criterion KW - Priority treatment KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Traffic delays KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal preemption UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188398 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371601 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: PLANNING, DESIGN, AND IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - 175 p. AB - The papers included in these proceedings focus on key technical and institutional issues that are unique to implementation of the LRT mode. These papers are divided into four groups. Those in Part 1 and 2 provide an overview of light rail transit and policy and planning considerations. They treat issues such as institutional arrangements, community and citizen participation, feasibility factors, development constraints and energy considerations. The papers in Part 3 cover engineering design of LRT fixed facilities and railcar technology. Part 4 contains papers on operating issues, including such matters as surface operations, self-service fares, the interface with bus transportation, and general traffic considerations. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Conferences KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Fixed plant KW - Implementation KW - Institutional issues KW - Interfaces KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Operations KW - Planning KW - Public participation KW - Streetcars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188362 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371622 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Landgraf, Robert J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DECISIONS ON PHYSICAL CONFIGURATION FOR LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 97-103 AB - This paper examines the physical configuration of light rail vehicles (LRV) from the standpoint of the individual car and how it relates to the transportation system. The major decision to be made for double-end bidirectional operation or single-end with turning loops is explored. The advantages and disadvantages of each concept are also reviewed. Whether to specify articulation is evaluated in light of its relationship to fleet size and economic trade-offs as well as the operational benefits and problems that may result from its use. Results of three major LRV procurements that treated articulation as an option are explained. Selection of the patterns for door openings, the interface between doors and platforms, whether to use folding steps, and types of door action available are described. The relationship of seating to aisle needs, door openings, car width capability, and passenger flow is considered. Multiple-unit operation is analyzed as an option, with a review of its effects on throughput capacity and labor productivity. The question of whether to run new cars in trains with an existing fleet is explored. The conclusion is developed that selection of car options must be a result of system design. The LRV should not be allowed to dictate the system and car-wayside interfaces, whether the fleet be for a new line or for replacement. Goals of equipment standardization should not inhibit choices of configuration that will be best suited to the particular light rail operation. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Articulated cars KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Door handles KW - Door opening KW - Double end KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Multiple unit operations KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Performance based specifications KW - Platforms KW - Single end KW - Specifications KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188383 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371624 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Andrisan, T AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OPTIMIZING THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE PRE-PROCUREMENT EFFORT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 104-106 AB - Over the past 18 years, great technological advancements have been made in the development of rail transit systems. In conjunction with these developments, vehicle systems, related equipment, and operating techniques have become more complex and costly. These factors result primarily from the requirements of accommodating overall system configuration, increased sophistication, Buy-America constraints, vehicle improvements and standardization impacts, initial capital cost versus life-cycle cost considerations, critical vehicle options, and many other factors that tend to complicate the procurement process. The objective of optimizing the light rail vehicle pre-procurement effort--to satisfy all functional, operational, safety, and site-specific requirements within predictable and reasonably acceptable cost and time constraints--can only be accomplished through a systematic and practical approach. The approach must have sufficient flexibility to permit tailoring the pre-procurement process to the site-specific requirements and must consider the various financial and technical compromises and constraints that may be imposed on the procurement. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital costs KW - Constraints KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Modifications KW - Operating costs KW - Optimization KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188385 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371626 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Elms, C P AU - Eldredge, Donald B AU - Frost, W H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A STUDY OF TRANSIT RAIL CAR GUARANTEE WARRANTY AND RELIABILITY CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 109-115 AB - Purchasers of light rail vehicles, concerned with the risks of developing new technology, have applied contractual remedies independently of one another. Members of the manufacturing and supply industry have complained that standardized guarantee/warranty/reliability (GWR) provisions in contracts for the procurement of transit rail cars were becoming too restrictive and could have adverse financial effects on the industry. Analysis of recent rail car contracts and discussions with transit operators and equipment suppliers support this claim. More importantly, operators and suppliers have generally not worked together in developing and drafting GWR terms and conditions. They have felt that because of the variations in rail cars being (new versus existing designs)and differences in local/state laws and regulations, standardized GWR provisions were neither workable nor applicable. This report presents the results of a study of the need to develop standardized contract provisions. The need to establish a cooperative spirit between operator and seller developed as a key consensus of the study. To encourage cooperation, a rail transit car contract warranty model and a screen for preparing rail transit car warranty/reliability contract provisions were developed. The screen is used in preparing the specific clauses of the model. The screen and model presented in this paper are for guidance only; they are not recommended for direct use in a contract. They summarize the ideas of the operators, suppliers, and engineers interviewed in this study and should be presented to the rail transit industry for further refinement. Ultimately they should be reviewed and modified by competent legal counsel for consistency with local laws and regulators. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Contracts KW - Light rail transit KW - Procurement KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Vehicles KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188387 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371631 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Rosen, D AU - Olson, L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SAN FRANCISCO MUNI METRO: OPERATING ISSUES AND STRATEGIES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 141-144 AB - The advent of a light rail vehicle system presented the San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni) with new challenges associated with operating a high-speed subway system. The Metro, as the system is known, is a subway and surface operation on five existing streetcar lines in San Francisco. It carries about 120,000 passengers per day. Muni was able to run extensive tests with its new fleet of LRVs before starting revenue service to check operating characteristics, especially the ability to couple and run a multi-car train. Muni's start-up strategy for a gradual phase-in of LRV service provided opportunities to learn about a far more complex operating environment than traditional streetcar operation. It became apparent in the early operational phases that a traditional schedule approach was unworkable. Before full-scale operation began, it was decided to abandon the usual schedules and use a "dynamic schedule." By headwaying the cars and providing a pool of fallback operators, it was hoped to maximize the use of the LRVs and help meet the ever-increasing demand of Metro passengers. This headway and fallback system was refined to help Metro break the turnaround bottleneck at the Embarcadero Station, which limited the system's capacity. In addition, a central trainmaster at Van Ness Station improved the consistency of service. The headway and fallback system's shortcomings include partially developed crew dispatching and trainmaster procedures and stacking of outbound trains caused by system saturation. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Light rail transit KW - Management KW - Multiple unit operations KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Public transit KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188392 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371633 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carter, M M AU - Powell, L C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SELF-SERVICE BARRIER-FREE FARE COLLECTION: AN EARLY LOOK AT SAN DIEGO'S EXPERIENCE PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - p. 149-152 AB - With the opening of revenue service on July 26, 1981, the San Diego light rail transit system also inaugurated a self-service barrier-free fare collection system. Experience to date indicates that the fare collection system not only is achieving the objectives set forth but also is having other residual benefits. There are 18 stations and 27 ticket vending machines along the 16-mile line. These vending machines produce a validated ticket upon insertion of the correct fare, and they can also validate a 10-ride ticket. Valid tickets, bus transfers, or monthly passes must be in the possession of each rider (i.e., valid proof of payment). Thus far, fare evasion has been found to be far less than 1 percent of the daily riders. Patrons generally have positive feelings about the fare collection system. Capital costs were low and primarily a function of the type and complexity of the vending machines. Likewise, the operational benefits include low labor intensity (ticket inspectors are required for policing proof of payment) and efficient boarding and unloading of passengers using all doors on one side of the train (e.g., eight for a two-car train). An important result of the ticket inspection team is the public relations benefit gained. The ticket inspectors have become ambassadors of a sort. The nature of the system means there are no conductors and no station attendants; also, the train operator does not participate in any patron functions. Therefore, the ticket inspectors become the only employee of the operation that the public comes in contact with. A firm yet positive attitude was stressed during their training program, and this has seemingly paid off with resulting positive attitudes from patrons. The early results of self-service barrier-free fare collection in San Diego demonstrate its cost-effectiveness. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment KW - Fare collection KW - Light rail transit KW - Performance KW - Publicity KW - San Diego (California) KW - Self service fare collection KW - Signs KW - Ticket vending machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188394 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372017 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diridon, Rod AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POTENTIAL FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: LOCAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 5-6 AB - As a result of Santa Clara County, California's experience in planning the Guadalupe Corridor project, the author mode the following recommendations: First, we must systematically and comprehensively spread the message of the virtues of light rail to the public. Let us reestablish the National Transit Advocacy Network that was effective in persuading the early Carter administration that adequate transit capital funding was essential to economic vitality. This group of transit representatives of the National Association of Counties, League of Cities, American Public Transit Association, AMTRAK, and others focused on subject areas of common agreement and was very effective in building the Section 3 capital funding to an acceptable level. Second, we must demand that transit, especially cost-effective light rail, be a major priority at the local, state, and especially the federal level. Third, we must insist that the federal red-tape studies be reduced to a single, combined alternative analysis, EIS, and preliminary engineering efforts that should lead to a speedy approval or disapproval by UMTA. Fourth, we must support the approval of transit capital grants based on cost-effectiveness and proven need, not on whether the system is a "new start." Fifth, we must take the risk to advocate for new transit funding sources while attempting to protect traditional allocations. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Local government KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Sources UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188626 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371612 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kask, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FACTORS INFLUENCING LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT FEASIBILITY PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 53-57 AB - As part of its regional transportation plan update for the post-1990 period, the Puget Sound Council of Governments (PSCOG) commissioned a study to assess the feasibility of a light rail transit system. The study found there would be sufficient demand to warrant some form of light rail for the Central Puget Sound Region of Washington by the year 2000. The feasibility study weighed the advantages and abilities of LRT and an all-bus transit system to meet future demand and found the cost of LRT, in the highest demand corridors, would be comparable to that of an all-bus system of the same capacity. LRT operating costs might be lower, and it would use less energy. LRT is a particularly attractive solution to Seattle central business district transit problems and has a potential for cost savings that could offset higher construction costs on other segments. The study identified two high-capacity regional corridors connecting with the CBD as the most feasible and cost-effective for LRT. PSCOG is working with the City of Seattle, Metro Transit, and the Downtown Seattle Development Association (private sector) to develop the scope and process and to obtain funding for further study. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Energy consumption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Light rail transit KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Operating costs KW - Regional transportation KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188373 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371613 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Tolmach, R F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUBURBAN AND INTERURBAN APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 57-62 AB - While most analysis of light rail transit has been focused on urban premetro and semimetro development, many of the more successful European light rail developments have been on routes that operate primarily on off-street surface trackage through low-density suburban and rural areas. This paper examines design and operations of light rail systems that serve areas of low population density. Six European and three North American examples are described, with attention to geographic, sociological, and financial aspects of their operating environments. Scheduling strategies, fare structures, and methods of traffic generation used by these systems are given special emphasis. The prospects for future North American interurban light rail developments are examined, with a view to San Diego's new system being a model for selected conversion of North American intercity railroad facilities to provide electric interurban services. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Europe KW - Fares KW - Intercity travel KW - Light rail transit KW - Low density KW - Public transit KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Transit services KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Trip generation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188374 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371627 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McGean, Thomas J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - RATIONALIZATION OF THE LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE SPECIFICATION PROCESS FOR COST-EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 115-122 AB - Light rail vehicle (LRV) requirements should reflect site-specific transportation service needs, performance requirements, and life-cycle costs. This paper examines the process of defining these requirements. It addresses both technical and nontechnical issues. Technical issues include the justification processes and attendant costs for critical vehicle options such as articulation, bi-directionality, doors on both sides, and propulsion system. Nontechnical issues include contractual requirements that might cause higher assigned risk costs. The benefits of various LRV features and contract provisions are compared with the costs, both capital and operations and maintenance, and perspectives are established. Such considerations enable the buyer to maximize the return on his vehicle budget commensurate with real needs. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Capital costs KW - Contracts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance based specifications KW - Procurement KW - Requirement KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188388 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371630 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Parkinson, Tom AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COMPARISON OF FARE COLLECTION METHODS FOR LRT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 135-141 AB - Fare collection is an important aspect in the design of a light rail system because it has a greater impact on both capital and operating costs than on a conventional rapid transit system, where these costs can be distributed over larger passenger volumes. The aim in designing the LRT fare system is to (a) minimize the collection cost per passenger; (b) be compatible with the existing transit fare system (assumed to be typical exact cash fares, with or without passes); (c) permit transfers between modes without necessitating changes to bus collection or requiring machinery on buses; (d) be flexible to accommodate any future fare changes, including the introduction of zone or graduated fares, the use of passes (flash cards), other prepurchased measures such as carnets (multi-ride tickets), strip tickets, tokens, or single tickets; various forms of concession fares; and time-variable fares, such as reduced off-peak fares; and (e) permit the use of low-cost LRT stations. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Capital costs KW - Europe KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment KW - Fares KW - Graduated fares KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Passes KW - Self service fare collection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188391 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372014 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board TI - OVERVIEW OF RECENT LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT ACTIVITY PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - p 2 AB - The momentum of the late 1970s continued into the 1980s. Today, more than ever, light rail transit appears on local rail planning agendas. Virtually all North American cities contemplating rail transit today are thinking in terms of light rail technology. These cities include Los Angeles/Long Beach, Denver, Detroit, Portland, Sacramento, Santa Clara County, and Vancouver. Urban Rail in America, a recent study by the Regional Plan Association, estimates that, based on potential travel volumes, 10 other U.S. cities are candidates for light rail lines: Seattle, Honolulu, Houston, Dallas, St. Louis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Indianapolis, Louisville, and Cincinnati. Light rail also seems to dominate the thinking of vehicle suppliers. No fewer than eight manufacturers are competing for what promises to be a sizable market for new light rail cars over the next decade. According to Railway Age, a replacement market for more than 600 vehicles, together with the equipment needs for more than half a dozen new or expanded systems, could generate orders for more than a thousand new cars by the end of the decade. (Author) U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Implementation KW - Light rail transit KW - Reviews KW - State of the art studies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188623 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372015 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gargano, C A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - POTENTIAL FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT: FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - p 3 AB - In those areas where public transportation needs are urgent, light rail transit is a good candidate for early development. The basic technology for light rail transit is in place--it has been in use for years. In fact, worldwide light rail transit is the most extensively used fixed guideway transit mode. As a result, the extensive, expensive, and time-consuming research, development, and demonstration process necessary for the introduction of new transit modes or technology is simply not needed for the practical application of light rail transit. But this is only one of the features that makes this transit mode so attractive. Light rail transit also has incomparable flexibility. It can be adapted to a wide variety of geographic and topographic conditions, financial capabilities, rights-of-way, and existing transit infrastructures. Moreover, light rail transit can be developed incrementally; it can be expanded as demand and the ability to pay for it are increased. This incremental feature of light rail transit is especially important in view of the new public sector financial realities. Finally, light rail transit is simply much less costly than conventional rail transit. It does not have the overall high performance and capacity requirements of conventional rapid transit; consequently, construction and operating costs are lower. This lower cost makes light rail transit economically justifiable in urban areas where conventional rapid transit is not feasible because of cost or demand factors. (Author) U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Federal aid KW - Light rail transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188624 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371609 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dallam, L N AU - Diaz, N AU - Rubin, D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FEASIBILITY CRITERIA FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 36-40 AB - The evaluation of rail technology as a potential component of regional transit systems has been the subject of extensive studies throughout the country in the past decade. Particular interest has developed in the last few years with respect to light rail transit. In 1980, the Minnesota Legislature directed The Metropolitan Council, the regional planning agency, to conduct a feasibility study on the deployment of LRT in the Twin Cities. For the study, feasibility was defined as "the ability of an LRT line to achieve regional transportation goals in comparison with other transportation alternatives." This paper describes the feasibility criteria developed in the Twin Cities to evaluate a proposed project. A dichotomy was established between qualifying and nonqualifying criteria. The minimum are those conditions that would have to be met to make a project feasible for further evaluation. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Accessibility KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Coordination KW - Criteria KW - Economic factors KW - Energy KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Land use KW - Light rail transit KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188370 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371616 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Grava, S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIGHT RAIL POTENTIAL IN ROCHESTER, NEW YORK PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 73-77 AB - The development of public transit in the United States is again at a crossroads. The administration in Washington has made policy statements and begun to implement programmatic changes that significantly differ or diametrically oppose trends that dominated the recent past. What the future holds, or what adjustments will be required to existing transit services and to plans for system expansion, is uncertain. It is clear, however, that a turning point has been reached. Light rail is regarded differently than heavy rail or buses. Heavy rail is in considerable disfavor because of high capital costs; buses are in favor because they are simple and responsive; light rail is left somewhere in the middle. A recently "discovered" mode, light rail does not have the documented use in North America to allow nondebatable forecasts and estimates of its merits. Therefore, any information exchange is particularly significant; e.g., the Rochester case--a potential transit service in an available corridor that once accommodated streetcar operations but lost them. If a commitment is not made soon to reactivate such service, the opportunity (the physical channel) may be lost. Not long ago, the overall decision about a light rail service in Rochester might have been favorable, and it would probably have been backed with generous assistance from Washington. Today, in a different policy climate, the same facts and findings might have a different interpretation. This paper will examine the corridor, the participants, and the possibilities and discuss speculations about the future. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Constraints KW - Light rail transit KW - Right of way KW - Rochester (New York) KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188377 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371623 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Quintin, W P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN VEHICLE PROCUREMENT FOR SAN DIEGO LRT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 103-104 AB - On the San Diego Light Rail Transit Project, time considerations required procurement of a standard car with project-necessitated modifications. Selection of the standard car and the resultant modifications are discussed. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Carbuilders KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Modifications KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - San Diego (California) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188384 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371634 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Underhill, F C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SURFACE LRT OPERATION IN DOWNTOWN CALGARY PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 153-155 AB - This paper deals with the operation of the Calgary light rail transit line called "C Train" in the downtown area. The line operates for approximately 1 km (0.6 mile) on a standard street that it shares with a peak-hour volume of more than 100 buses. The limitations of this shared roadway system and the special operating rules for both bus and C Train are explained. The effects on the suburban bus and C Train are explained. The effects on the suburban bus system and the interface between feeder buses and the C Train are explored. The paper discusses the reasons for selection of the surface lane on 7th Avenue and the designation of 7th Avenue as a transit and pedestrian mall. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Calgary (Canada) KW - Conflict (Psychology) KW - Control systems KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Intersections KW - Light rail transit KW - Management KW - Operating strategies KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Signaling KW - Surface rail transit KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188395 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371602 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lombart, A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVOLUTION OF LIGHT RAIL IN EUROPE SINCE 1977: TRENDS, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, AND NEW APPROACHES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 6-12 AB - The author reviews trends in the development of light rail transit in France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, Poland, Yugoslavia, and the German Democratic Republic. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Austria KW - Belgium KW - Europe KW - Former Soviet Union KW - France KW - Germany KW - Italy KW - Light rail transit KW - Netherlands KW - Poland KW - Portugal KW - Sweden KW - Switzerland KW - United Kingdom KW - Yugoslavia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188363 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371604 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sullivan, Brian E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHY LRT MAKES SENSE IN A TIGHT-BUDGET ECONOMY PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 16-20 AB - This document considers the effects of changes in the economy on the role of light rail transit. Changes in the way the United States and Canada are likely to employ economic resources over the coming decade and ways in which societies will likely wish to see funds spent are examined. Expected changes in the nature of activities that generate wealth are reviewed, along with their implications about changes in transport demand. The characteristics of LRT are assessed against expected shifts in demand and investment priorities. Light rail seems an attractive investment in this decade, both because it fits the emerging criteria and because at this stage in its development its characteristics make it a low risk and indicate decreasing installation costs. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Economic factors KW - Infrastructure KW - Light rail transit KW - Public transit KW - Reconstruction KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188365 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371619 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miller, L J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN--FROM PLANNING TO DESIGN PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - p. 88-89 AB - This paper describes the transition from planning to design and implementation for a multimodal transportation facility in Santa Clara County. Numerous planning studies were completed for Santa Clara County before an UMTA alternatives analysis Draft Environmental Impact Statement (AA/DEIS) was begun. During the analysis, but about 6 months before a transportation alternative was selected for implementation, a conceptual design program was undertaken. The three primary goals of the conceptual design program were to (a) investigate the most promising alternatives in greater engineering detail in order to ensure their successful implementation and operation; (b) provide supplementary engineering and cost information for consideration during the AA/DEIS review process; and (c) develop the engineering basis for the preliminary engineering work efforts. The results of these efforts helped to bridge the gap between project planning and project design. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Concepts KW - Innovation KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Planning KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188380 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371621 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Quintin, W P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FORMATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE SAN DIEGO LRT PROJECT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 94-96 AB - Light rail is a flexible form of transit; for this reason, special attention must be given to the development of project design criteria. As bases of a project's specifications, these criteria must invite bids suitable to its financing and schedule. They must reflect the particular program, that is, they must be derived from the same plan and must project the same combination of ridership, service efficiency, and schedule speed. The design criteria for the major subsystems on the San Diego Light Rail Transit Project were derived in this way. Specific criteria for vehicles, trackwork, signals, traction power, and fare collection were developed, and methods for design integration were explored. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad tracks KW - Ridership KW - Running time KW - San Diego (California) KW - Signaling KW - Tractive forces KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188382 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371636 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gibson, Patrick A AU - Lin, B B AU - Robenhymer, R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAFFIC IMPACTS OF LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 161-169 AB - In August 1981, the San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) began operation of light rail vehicle service from downtown San Diego to the San Ysidro International Border. Even before the south line of the trolley was put into operation, MTDB began planning for an East Line extension. Although the feasibility study for the East Line showed the extension to be practical in terms of patronage, estimates, construction impacts and overall environmental impacts of light rail vehicles on traffic operations in the downtown areas of the cities of Lemon Grove and La Mesa. This paper reviews and evaluates the potential impacts of the trolley at-grade operations. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Impact studies KW - Light rail transit KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Queuing KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - San Diego (California) KW - Traffic conflicts KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Traffic signal preemption UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188397 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371606 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bauer, A R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LRT DEVELOPMENT: STATE PERSPECTIVE PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 24-25 AB - San Diego has received considerable attention for its imaginative deployment of light rail transit technology and for its decision to eschew federal funds and rely on state and local revenues to meet the capital and operating requirements of the LRT system. California's commitment to funding urban transportation encouraged the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) to pursue a policy of fiscal independence. Equally important was the legislature's assignment of powers and responsibilities to MTDB. A product of state and local politics, MTDB represented a rejection of the nationalization of urban transportation policy of the past 20 years. Indeed, MTDB's success raised questions about the wisdom of a national policy that sought to bypass state governments in its efforts to achieve a national urban transportation policy and ignored the fiscal capability of state governments to support programs and moderate conflicts, and the state's authority to constitute local agencies. MTDB may serve as a model for a reformed national urban transportation policy that would give priority to state governments in urban transportation policy formulation and not seek to specify organizational arrangements for carrying out urban transportation planning. This paper describes the role of California's state government in the evolution of MTDB and its LRT system. It concludes with some remarks regarding federalism. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Federal government KW - Legislation KW - Light rail transit KW - Policy analysis KW - San Diego (California) KW - State government KW - Transit boards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188367 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371608 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Elms, C P AU - Frost, W H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LEVERAGE--A PROPOSAL FOR THE FEDERAL ROLE IN PUBLIC URBAN TRANSIT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 31-36 AB - The purpose of this paper is to outline the federal government's role in transit-i.e., leverage. Federal involvement in transit dating back to the early 1900s is examined to show how earlier policies contributed to the problems faced by transit operators today. The paper suggests that the federal government change its role from grantor to investor and thus leverage its funding so that the net economic benefit to the nation is greater than the federal investment and greater than if there were no federal involvement at all. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Government intervention KW - Markets KW - Physical condition KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188369 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371615 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paaswell, R E AU - Berechman, J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - LIGHT RAIL AND DEVELOPMENT: CONSTRAINTS AND CONDITIONS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 67-72 AB - This paper discusses work carried out for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) on the economic impacts of the Buffalo Light Rail Rapid Transit System (LRRT). The system is the culmination of two decades of corridor planning that saw appreciable changes in planning criteria and justification of system benefits. Two major policy issues are addressed. The first issue is the extent and scope of economic development that will depend on or derive from the LRRT system. The second is the role transit system policy will play in regional development policy. In Buffalo, population decline, intraregional population and employment shifts, and the effectiveness of the existing transit system were major considerations as these issues were discussed. Recent retail activities are examined to show how critical the focus of activities around the transit system will be. Current development (paid for by both private and public sectors) are then analyzed to demonstrate how development policies can reinforce or conflict with transit. It has become evident that a strong, well-coordinated regional development policy is necessary if the Buffalo LRRT is to be effective. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Constraints KW - Economic impacts KW - Investments KW - Light rail transit KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Redevelopment KW - Regional development KW - Retail trade KW - Revitalization KW - Sales KW - Transportation corridors KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188376 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371617 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Clarke, R F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - COLOGNE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE LIGHT RAIL CONCEPT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 77-82 AB - West Germany has been one of the most active countries in the development and application of light rail transit. Cologne (Koln) is the largest West German city to rely upon LRT (Stadtbahn) instead of full rapid transit (U-Bahn) as the primary rail transit mode. The LRT system, operated by the Kolner-Verkehrs-Betriebe (KVB), has developed in a well-planned, gradual manner from a basic streetcar system to a high-performance LRT network. The system was built by adapting the right-of-way to the physical and operating environment. Therefore, most of the 30 km of fully separated right-of-way are located in the heavily congested city center. Most lines reenter the surface after leaving downtown, but retain some form of priority right-of-way. To operate on the improved rights-of-way, the KVB developed and purchased the B-car, one of the highest performance cars in West Germany, but a car that is still flexible enough to operate on all surface sections, including conventional streetrunning. Other areas of investment, such as electrification, signals, and track, have kept pace with the overall system improvement. The result of these developments has been steadily improving performance and a ridership level that totaled 175.8 million passengers (LRT and bus) in 1980. Many of the technical and operating elements can be seen in the new intercity light rail line that runs from Cologne to Bonn. The route was converted from a declining commuter railroad operation to LRT in 1977 after several technical and institutional problems had been overcome. Improved service and integration of the former rail system into the LRT networks in Cologne and Bonn led to dramatic ridership gains. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cologne (Germany) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fare collection KW - Intercity transportation KW - Light rail transit KW - Physical properties KW - Right of way KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188378 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371610 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pikarsky, M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ENERGY IMPLICATIONS OF RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 40-45 AB - Whether mass transit actually saves energy is not easy to answer; different studies show different results. This paper reviews the major studies, notably the Congressional Budget Office's 1977 report, "Urban Transportation and Energy: The Potential Savings of Different Modes," and several studies done in response that debate many of its findings. A possible petroleum conservation strategy that focuses on future urban and regional development is identified and discussed. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy resources KW - Light rail transit KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188371 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371611 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - TENNYSON, E L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHEN AND WHERE DOES LRT WORK? PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 46-53 AB - This paper determines that LRT can and does work in a variety of situations and analyzes the conditions necessary to support its successful implementation. To be effective, light rail service must meet the requirements of a substantial number of the tripmakers along its route. Travel time must be shortened to attract riders who have the option of traveling by private auto. Alternatively, travel volume must be so high that a low transit modal split will still yield high ridership in absolute numbers. Exclusive or preferential rights-of-way help minimize LRT's trip time and relieve highway congestion. Shared or converted railroad alignments, center boulevards, exclusive lanes, and short aerial or underground structures are the usual means of accelerating LRT to improve trip time. Simple, traditional street operation is effective only when travel volume is sufficient to justify LRT on its productive efficiency rather than its speed. For maximum efficiency, LRT must often closely integrate its service with that of a local bus network, but on long, fast radial lines serving a central business district, integration, although desirable, may not be a necessity. Conditions under which LRT works best range from long, fast, low-density suburban lines to short, slow, high-density inner-city lines. Some LRT installations are high-capital, high-efficiency operations; others require less capital to achieve superior results. LRT can only be used where it is the best transit mode for the specific application. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Feeder buses KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Light rail transit KW - Operations KW - Passenger volume KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Right of way UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188372 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371628 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mora, Jeffrey G AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FACTORS AFFECTING RAIL CAR COSTS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 122-126 AB - Five major factors affect light and rapid rail car prices: (a) inflation, (b) market conditions, (c) technical aspects, (d) procurement and contractual practices, and (e) financial condition of the supply industry. Except for general inflation, most of these factors, particularly in the technical and contractual areas, are controllable to some degree by agencies purchasing rail equipment. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Carbuilders KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Economic factors KW - Inflation KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Markets KW - Performance based specifications KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - Specifications KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188389 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371629 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fox, G D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION: GETTING THERE FROM HERE PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - p. 128-134 AB - For many years, conventional wisdom in the transit industry has been that self-service fare collection (SSFC) may be fine in Europe, but "it won't work here." Meanwhile, SSFC has spread to the extent that it has become almost universal in western Europe (outside Britain). At the same time, the concept is being applied in increasingly diversified forms to meet the different requirements of individual transit agencies or to conform to the constraints of local social or legal requirements. This diversification is important because it reemphasizes that SSFC is a concept of fare collection rather than a system based on a particular type of equipment or operating configuration, which is particularly relevant when considering SSFC in the U.S. context. This paper describes how Tri-Met decided to switch to SSFC and will institute it on its 600-bus system in the fall of 1982. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Articulated cars KW - Capital costs KW - Equipment KW - Fare collection KW - Integrated fares KW - Light rail transit KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Revenues KW - Self service fare collection UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188390 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372016 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gianturco, Adriana AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE AND LOCAL ROLES IN CALIFORNIA'S LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PROGRAM PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 4-5 AB - While California has a tradition of local ownership and operation, most of the impetus for the construction of light rail systems in recent years has come from the state level. Not only did the state provide most of the money for the construction of the San Diego Trolley, the Sacramento light rail project, and the Guadalupe Corridor project in San Jose, but the California Department of Transportation was heavily involved in the various stages of project development (initial planning, design and construction) of these systems. However, to sustain the current level of effort, an increased local funding commitment will be needed. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Fund allocations KW - Light rail transit KW - Local government KW - Programming (Planning) KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188625 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371607 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goldberg, M B AU - Wolfsfeld, R P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A LONG TRACK: HIAWATHA AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 26-31 AB - Transportation corridors in many areas of the United States have been under study for many years. The Hiawatha Avenue corridor, linking downtown Minneapolis with the airport, has been studied since the late 1950s, and the current Environmental Impact Statement/Alternatives Analysis is the third major period of examination. The appointment of citizen members to a task force and agency members to a technical committee has produced unusual acceptance of the results. The roles of citizens, agencies, and the private sector are described and their impacts evaluated. This paper emphasizes the relationship of transportation design, development type, and public policies and discusses the role each played in arriving at an acceptable solution. It identifies the lessons learned and their possible adaptation to use by others. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Development KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Light rail transit KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Needs assessment KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public policy KW - Transportation KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188368 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371614 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Benz, G P AU - Lutin, J M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MAINTAINING TRANSIT DURING LIGHT RAIL REHABILITATION IN NEWARK: A CASE STUDY PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 62-67 AB - The Newark City Subway is a 4.3-mile (6.9-km) light rail system with 11 stations and an average weekday ridership of 12,600 passengers. As part of the $15 million rehabilitation of this New Jersey Transit Corporation line, alternative transit service will be required during off-peak periods when rail service must be suspended. Suspension of service at night and on weekends is necessary to accommodate rehabilitation of the track, stations, and right-of-way. In developing alternative service options, the advantages of light rail service along the corridor became apparent, both from the perspective of the passenger (travel time) and the operator (operating cost). This paper documents the planning methodology used to develop ridership data and operating plans for alternative bus service. As a result of the alternative service planning, it was determined that the light rail system required significantly fewer vehicle and crew hours than did buses to provide equivalent service and capacity. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus transportation KW - Characteristics KW - Continuance of service KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Newark (New Jersey) KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rehabilitation KW - Ridership KW - Substitution KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188375 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00371625 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dell'Amico, F AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE TWO-STEP PROCUREMENT OF LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1982 IS - 195 SP - pp 107-109 AB - The two-step procurement process is described in general terms. In the first step of this process, the important elements are the request for technical proposals, submitted without cost data, and the conduct of technical negotiations based on the buyer's requirements and the car builder's proposals. This paper deals with how these elements can be carried out to ensure that the buyer's interests are properly served and, at the same time, deal with the legitimate concerns of several proposers with diverse products in an equitable manner. U1 - Conference on Light-Rail TransitUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationSan Francisco,California,United States StartDate:19820328 EndDate:19820330 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bids KW - Evaluation KW - Labor negotiations KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Light rail transit KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Policy KW - Procurement KW - Proposals KW - Purchasing KW - Records management KW - Standardization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595707 AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Downtown Buildings: New Construction, Major Renovation, and Demolition PY - 1981/12 SP - 82p AB - The Downtown Buildings report describes and analyzes in terms of square footage of floor area the results of an inventory of Portland's downtown buildings which experienced one or more of three building activities sometime between 1973 and 1970. The three building activities are new construction, major renovation and demolition. The downtown study area was defined relative to the Portland Transit Mall which was centrally located within it. The study area was divided into five zones with Zone 1 surrounding the Transit Mall and two zones each east and west of the Mall Zone. While the occurrence of building activities are often discussed relative to the Mall Zone, no attempt is made to assess the impact of the Mall on the activities. The report is composed of five sections. Section I describes the methodology used to compile the inventory of downtown buildings involved in the three activities. Section II presents overall findings of square footage of floor space involved in new construction, major renovation and demolition. Section III describes building activity on a zone by zone basis, and Section IV describes the activity by three time periods: Before-Mall Construction (1973 - 1975), During-Mall Construction (1976 - 1977) and After-Mall Construction (1978 - 1980). Sections II, III and IV are separately summarized at the end of each one. Section V is the appendix detailing the downtown building inventory. KW - Central business districts KW - Floor space KW - Impact studies KW - Inventory KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Structures KW - Transit malls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56509/portlandtransitm00unse_8.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397587 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595706 AU - Luder, Peter AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Economic Overview PY - 1981/12 SP - 108p AB - This report examines the recent economic development of downtown Portland. The intention is to develop a context for the Land Use and Economic Effects component of the Portland Transit Mall Impact Study. Although the report focuses on the central business district (CBD) during the 1970's, major economic sectors are examined in a broader temporal and geographic context. Where possible the downtown trends are traced back to the late 1950 's and are compared to the trends occurring in the metropolitan area as a whole. Within the report the terms metropolitan area and Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) are used interchangeably. The report begins with a description of the Portland SMSA, and then focuses directly on the trends in the downtown economy. Section I briefly reviews the history of economic development in the Portland SMSA, and Section II summarizes trends in population, income, and employment characteristics. Section III describes the Downtown Plan which was adopted in the early 1970's, the decade of major concern during the 20 year period examined in this report. Section IV discusses activity in four major sectors of the downtown economy between 1960 and 1980. Specifically, examination of these sectors covers historical changes in growth or decline of office development, retail activity, housing, and hotel development, conventions and tourism. In most cases changes within the CBD are compared to the metropolitan area. Section V summarizes the major points of the report. KW - Central business districts KW - Economic development KW - Impact studies KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Metropolitan Area (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Transit malls KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56510/portlandtransitm00unse_9.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595703 AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Air Quality Impacts Report PY - 1981/12 SP - 74p AB - The purpose of the Air Quality Impacts report is to determine what effects the Portland Transit Mall has had on air quality in the downtown Portland area. One of the original objectives of the Transit Mall was its contribution toward the reduction of air pollution in downtown. Sufficient monitoring data are not currently available to determine the exact impacts of the Mall on downtown air quality, but it is assumed to have played a measurable role since it began operating in 1978. To meet the objective of the report, an emission density analysis of 1980 with-Mall conditions versus 1980 without-Mail conditions was conducted to determine whether, in fact, the Mall has contributed toward the reduction of the following four motor vehicle related pollutants: hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and suspended particulate. The findings of the analysis are usually discussed in terms of emission densities under without-Mail conditions. This report is composed of five sections. Section I briefly describes the background relationships between the Transit Mall and downtown and air quality planning efforts in the early 1970's. Section II describes trends in air quality in the Portland region, focusing on the downtown area, from 1970 to 1980. The purpose of this section is to establish an overall context of air quality in the Portland region and the downtown area for a better understanding of the findings presented in Section IV. Section II provides the reader with a basic understanding of the air pollution problem in Portland, as well as the sources and behaviors of the individual seven major pollutants over time. Section III describes in detail the methodology used for the emission density analysis, and Section IV presents the findings of the analysis. Major findings are summarized in Section V. Discussion of the findings is usually in terms of without-Mail conditions. KW - Air pollution KW - Air quality KW - Air quality management KW - Central business districts KW - Exhaust gases KW - Impact studies KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Transit malls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56505/portlandtransitm00unse_10.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364940 AU - AFL-CIO Appalachian Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROJECT, 1977-1981 PY - 1981/12 SP - 425p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468386 AU - Ueland and Junker, Architects and Planners AU - Philadelphia City Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OLNEY TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN PY - 1981/12 SP - 51 p. AB - The Olney Terminal Development Study was commissioned by the Philadelphia City Planning Commission to develop a comprehensive plan for transportation improvements at the Olney terminal and in its immediate vicinity. The plan was to address all principal factors affecting development: transportation requirements, joint-use potential of transportation properties, local commercial development, site improvements, and general architectural and urban design considerations. The principal problems to be addressed were physical deterioration, vehicular and pedestrian congestion, crime, and inefficient use of terminal spaces. The study began in January, 1981 and was concluded in December with the publication of this report. It was conducted in three phases: Phase 1: Survey and Analysis; Phase 2: Alternatives Analysis; and Phase 3: Design Development. KW - Crimes KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389360 AU - Donlon, B AU - Saskel, S AU - McGee, M AU - Chasen, D AU - Russell (Harold) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDE TO EMPLOYING HANDICAPPED PERSONS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1981/12 SP - 56 p. AB - This document has been developed as a management training tool for use by mass transit operators who are concerned with improving their employment practices and policies affecting handicapped persons. The Guide is disseminated as an Interim Report for the Joint Transit Industry Training Project for the employment of the Handicapped. This project is sponsored through UMTA's Transportation Management Program, and developed under the technical supervision of its Human Resources Development and Training staff. During the research phase of this project, interviews were conducted at six major transit systems to determine how handicapped workers have fared in terms of equal opportunity. The results of that research will be summarized in the project's final report. This document is an attempt to address the practical issues confronted by transit systems in their efforts to hire and place handicapped persons in their work force. It discusses employment policies and practices which may hinder the selection and placement of handicapped persons. It also presents suggestions on effective methods of hiring and reinstating disabled workers in the mass transportation industry. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Employment KW - Guidelines KW - Personnel management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365536 AU - McConnell, R L AU - Kuniak, R J AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POWER AND ENERGY MEASUREMENT ON MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM PY - 1981/12 SP - 97 p. AB - The Morgantown People Mover (MPM) is one of the most technologically advanced automated ground transportation systems in the world. It is a fully automated guideway transit (AGT) system under complete computer control. There are 8.7 miles of single lane guideway with five passenger stations and two maintenance stations. The vehicles are powered from a 575 volt three phase power rail that runs immediately above the guide rail throughout the system. The overall objectives of this study were the measurement of the power to determine real time power demand by the vehicle; and the development of a load flow analysis on the power system with several vehicles operating. This study developed a system of measuring and recording power demand on the MPM system. Vehicle power demand profiles are presented for some sections of the guideway. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Electric power demand KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Energy consumption KW - Mathematical models KW - Measurement KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Power consumption KW - Power factor KW - Power factor (Electricity) KW - Power measurement KW - Power output KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Third rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365501 AU - Iskander, W H AU - Hage, N M AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATION OF AGT SYSTEMS WITH OTHER TRANSPORTATION MODES PY - 1981/12 SP - 140 p. AB - In general, the main objective of this study was to find ways to extend the reach of public transportation systems in Morgantown, West Virginia, and provide users with more convenient and economical modes of transportation. This research investigates the integration of the Morgantown Downtown People Mover (DPM) system with other transportation systems, namely, the bus system and private autos, into one comprehensive system that better serves the needs of the city. The Morgantown DPM (or Personal Rapid Transit) system is a new mode of public transportation; it is a fully automated computer-controlled system. The rubber-tired vehicles are electrically powered, and the stations are off-line, so that the flow of vehicles is not disrupted by stops at each station. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Computer programs KW - Coordination KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - People movers KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365376 AU - Wormley, D N AU - Nagurka, M L AU - Isaacs, G AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT TRAIN/ELEVATED STRUCTURE DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS PY - 1981/12 SP - 106 p. AB - This study effort concentrated upon the interaction between multiple car transit trains and elevated structures typical of a transit system. (Heavy rail transit is considered crossing elevated, simple span structures; such a system is under construction for the Dade County transit system.) The main objective of this study is to determine the dynamic impact factors generated by the vehicle train crossing the span and the accelerations in the vehicles generated by span motion. A dynamic interaction model has been formulated for multicar trains of vehicles traversing elevated span guideways. The model has been used to determine the dynamic loading impact factors generated by rail transit vehicles on elevated, simple span structures. KW - Computer programs KW - Dynamic loads KW - Elevated structures KW - Equations of motion KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Miami-Dade Transit KW - Multiple unit trains KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365424 AU - Twitchell (Jon)/Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TSM FOR MAJOR INSTITUTIONS: SAN FRANCISCO EXPERIENCE PY - 1981/12 SP - 85 p. AB - This document describes the cooperative efforts of twelve institutions and firms in San Francisco to solve parking and traffic problems by promoting transportation systems management. Participating groups included colleges, hospitals, and a private employer. With a formal transportation broker designated in each institution, the organizations then proceeded to implement or promote TSM strategy elements like ridesharing, improved transit with better marketing and employer support, and supportive parking management policies. The individual brokers also formed an association to share insights and successful techniques, and to continue contacts established earlier in a formal training program. Sales of monthly transit passes were also initiated, although no subsidy was provided. In a 1980 evaluation, the program was perceived as successful. KW - Brokerage KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Employers KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking KW - Parking facilities KW - Passes KW - Policy KW - Ridesharing KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Systems engineering KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56628/tsmformajorinst8211jont_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377043 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR DIESEL BUSES PY - 1981/12 SP - 6 p. AB - UMTA research and development has identified a range of possible alternatives to fuel commonly used in transit buses. The program examines: (1) Data on costs, characteristics, availability and the potential of various groups of unconventional fuels for use in diesel transit buses; (2) Specific information on use of methanol in a diesel bus fleet in revenue service; (3) Regular monitoring in private and public sectors of development of alternative fuels which might be utilized in bus transit. Among the fuels examined are synfuels (derived from coal or oil shale); gases (hydrogen, propane and methane); and alcohols (ethanol and methanol). Port Authority of Allegheny County studied the range of alternatives available and Florida Department of Transportation examined the feasibility of converting a diesel bus engine to burn methanol. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Development KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Methanol KW - Propane KW - Propane fuel KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Synthetic fuels KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190831 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366963 AU - Spear, B D AU - Casey, R AU - Damm, D AU - Doxsey, L AU - Freilich, J AU - Heaton, C AU - Loo, D AU - PAGE, E AU - Slavin, H AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 276 p. AB - This report documents the activities and accomplishments of the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstrations Program for FY 1979, 1980, and 1981. Overall program objectives, current activities, and future directions are briefly described. Current demonstration projects are identified in each of the four major program areas of conventional transit service innovations, pricing and service innovations, paratransit services, and transportation services for special user groups. In addition, ongoing program activities in the areas of evaluation methodology and information dissemination are discussed. This report also presents major new findings concerning the costs, impacts, and implementation considerations of the following innovative transportation service concepts: systemwide transit route restructuring, transit transfer policies, articulated bus, auto-restricted zones, transit fare prepayment strategies, free-fare transit, vanpooling, transportation brokerage, taxicab regulatory revisions, high-speed waterborne transit service, bicycle-transit integration, wheelchair accessible fixed-route bus service, door-to-door transit services for special users, user-side subsidies, coordination of social service agency transportation, special purpose transit services for inner-city residents, and rural public transportation. This information was obtained from detailed evaluations of SMD-sponsored demonstrations and case study analyses of locally initiated projects. KW - Aged KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Information dissemination KW - Innovation KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pricing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367422 AU - Barrows, T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND LITERATURE SURVEY OF CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS FOR USE IN BUSES PY - 1981/12 SP - 45 p. AB - Numerous studies have been conducted on the concept of flywheel energy storage for buses. Flywheel systems require a continuously variable transmission (CVT) of some type to transmit power between the flywheel and the drive wheels. However, a CVT can provide some fuel economy benefit with or without an energy-storing flywheel, which is the focus of this report. This computer study and literature review is intended to provide insight into the potential applicability of CVTs to buses. It has been suggested that such transmissions may be of interest for two reasons: (1) simple substitution of a CVT in the place of a conventional transmission may offer fuel savings by allowing the engine to operate at its most efficient speed, and (2) the combination of a CVT and a flywheel allows regenerative braking, in which the vehicle kinetic energy during deceleration is captured for later re-use. This computer study and literature survey considers several examples of CVTs in buses, both with and without flywheel energy storage, and finds a predicted energy savings of 10 to 32 percent. The analysis focuses on the use of a CVT alone, without regenerative braking. Computer simulations are made to compute the fuel use of a bus with two different CVTs--one with a ratio range of 6, and the other of an infinite ratio range. For the former, assuming an efficiency of 85 percent, a fuel savings of 12 to 22 percent is predicted, depending upon the driving cycle. It is shown that a substantial part of this saving arises from the simple fact that the accessories operate at a lower speed. For this reason, a separate study of accessory speed control has been conducted, yielding a predicted fuel saving of as high as 17 percent. The report concludes that such accessory speed control may represent an attractive way to reduce fuel consumption. In comparison with the CVT, the concept is more compatible with present bus technology. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Continuously variable transmissions KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Regenerative braking KW - Simulation KW - Transmissions KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368212 AU - Keyes Associates AU - Alden Design and Advertising, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSIT MARKETING PLAN FOR THE VALLEY TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1981/12 SP - 41 p. AB - Valley Transit District, based in Derby, Ct, offers personalized transit services to residents in its service area. While the services are oriented primarily toward elderly and handicapped, paratransit service is available to any resident for almost any purpose. This report serves to document the study methodology, marketing and advertising products, and recommendations. Presented are realistic and cost-effective activities, which if properly implemented and managed, can ensure the growth of the important community service currently provided by Valley Transit District. KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Connecticut KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public relations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366961 AU - Washington State Department of Highways AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REPORT: PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN WASHINGTON STATE 1981 PY - 1981/12 SP - 206 p. AB - This report, an update, begins with a brief description of the Public Transportation Office of the Washington State DOT and then with discussion of the types of financing for public transportation as well as the state and federal roles. Chapter 2 deals with details of each local transit system. The following chapters describe paratransit, intercity bus, light rail, intercity rail, guideway transit, and ferries. Supporting information is contained in the appendices. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Federal government KW - Ferries KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Paratransit services KW - State government KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364942 AU - Bocock, P W AU - AFL-CIO Appalachian Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROJECT, 1977-1981. VOLUME I: THE MAIN REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 136 p. AB - This report, Volume 1: The Main Report, is the final deliverable of the 1977-1981 Transit Employee Training Project (TETP) sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation and performed by the AFL-CIO Appalachian Council, Inc. The project was designed as an integrated, region-wide, research and demonstration program in a thirteen-state region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland-D.C., Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia). The goal was to develop, test and evaluate innovative standardized training programs for bus operators and maintenance workers in the thirteen-state area. Associated with the project's demonstration component was a training target of 1,800 trainees over its planned lifespan. This final report consists of the following seven chapters: (1) Introduction, (2) Project Objectives, Organization and Administration, (3) Initial Research Program, (4) Bus Operator Training Program, (5) Maintenance Worker Training Program, (6) Project Evaluation Program, and (7) Summary and Conclusions. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus lines KW - Development KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177172 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365030 AU - Elms, C D AU - BAKER, J AU - Phillips, C AU - Bamberg, W AU - Eldredge, Don AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT CAR SPECIFICATION GUIDE PY - 1981/12 SP - 212 p. AB - This Light Rail Transit Car Specification Guide is not a procurement document in itself. It is intended to be used as a guide by light rail transit operators and purchasers of such equipment in the preparation of technical specifications. Because of differing site-specific needs, this Specification Guide has been organized to provide ample freedom of choice among a wide range of options. Thus both an operator whose needs dictate a sophisticated vehicle and the operator whose requirements can be met by a very simple vehicle, can use this document as a guide in drafting their individual specifications. This Car Specification Guide has evolved from the original U.S. Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) Specification developed in 1972, and incorporates a number of revisions reflecting: (1) changes which may reduce vehicle purchase costs and complexity; (2) provisions for a number of purchaser selected options; (3) a wider specification so that a new vehicle design is not required and permits designs of vehicles which are already in passenger service; and (4) clarification of requirements so that compliance with the specification can be measured or proven to be met. KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Fabrication KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Structural members KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177229 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364958 AU - Koppelman, F S AU - LYON, P K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RESPONSE TO TRANSPORTATION SERVICE INNOVATION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/12 SP - 11 p. AB - This report describes the development, application, and evaluation of a dynamic model of consumer attitude and behavior response to new or changed transportation service. The conceptual model describes the relationship between transportation service and traveler response as a set of causal linkages. The behavioral process is repeated over time with the user adjusting his or her attitudes and pattern of travel behavior in response to new services or changes in existing service. The model structure incorporates the characteristics of consumer behavior and includes the relationship between attitudes and behavior. This model was applied to a study of traveler response to the innovation of a para-transit service in Schaumburg, Illinois in September 1979. Evidence of the influence of information and situational constraints on perceptions and choice is found. A high degree of persistence in individual behavior over the study period is also observed. KW - Attitudes KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumers KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365044 AU - LYON, P K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TIME-DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS MODELLING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND DISCRETE CHOICE BEHAVIOR OF TRANSPORTATION CONSUMERS PY - 1981/12 SP - 291 p. AB - This report describes the development, application, and evaluation of a dynamic model of consumer attitude and behavior response to new or changed transportation service. The conceptual model which forms the basis for this research describes the relationship between transportation service and traveler response as a set of causal linkages. The behavioral process is repeated over time with the user adjusting his or her attitudes and pattern of travel behavior in response to new services or changes in existing service. The model structure explicitly incorporates the temporal characteristics of consumer behavior and includes the structural relationship between attitudes and behavior. This model was applied to a study of traveler response to the innovation of a paratransit service in Schaumburg, Illinois in September 1979. KW - Attitudes KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumers KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Impact studies KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Response KW - Services KW - Time KW - Time factor KW - Transportation KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364941 AU - Bocock, P W AU - AFL-CIO Appalachian Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROJECT, 1977-1981: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/12 SP - 28 p. AB - This TETP project was designed as a research and demonstration program. The goal was to develop, test and evaluate innovative standardized training programs for bus operators and maintenance workers in thirteen Southern and Eastern states. Associated with the project's demonstration component was a training target of 1,800 trainees over its planned lifespan. The project began operations April 1, 1977; it was organized and operated jointly by the Council's Regional Office in Charleston, West Virginia, and its Research Office in Washington, D.C. This Executive Summary is part of the final report (Volume 1) of the 1977-1981 Transit Employee Training Program (TETP). It provides a brief overview of the main findings of the TETP final report, and highlights the achievements, issues and problems described in the final report so as to provide the reader with a condensed narrative summary of the TETP as a whole. Each section presents a short digest of the relevant chapters of the final report, followed by an outline of key problems encountered. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus lines KW - Development KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177171 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364943 AU - Bocock, P W AU - AFL-CIO Appalachian Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROJECT, 1977-1981. VOLUME II: APPENDICES TO THE MAIN REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 261 p. AB - This Appendices report (1) lists the names of the project staff, advisory committee, technical group, transit properties surveyed; (2) provides detailed information regarding statement of work, project needs assessment survey, operator training modules, training resources and work force problems, maintenance training, systems support contract, job performance aids and supporting maintenance training materials; and (3) contains numerous charts illustrating instructional materials, etc. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus lines KW - Development KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177173 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364953 AU - Spear, B D AU - Casey, R AU - Damm, D AU - Doxsey, L AU - Freilich, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATIONS PROGRAM SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 53 p. AB - This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments of the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstrations Program for FY 1979, 1980, and 1981. Overall program objectives, current activities, and future directions are briefly described. Current demonstration projects are identified in each of the four major program areas of conventional transit service innovations, pricing and service innovations, paratransit services, and transportation services for special user groups. In addition, ongoing program activities in the areas of evaluation methodology and information dissemination are discussed. This report also presents major new findings concerning the costs, impacts, and implementation considerations of the following innovative transportation service concepts: systemwide transit route restructuring, transit transfer policies, articulated bus, auto-restricted zones, transit fare prepayment strategies, free-fare transit, vanpooling, transportation brokerage, taxicab regulatory revisions, high-speed waterborne transit service, bicycle-transit integration, wheelchair accessible fixed-route bus service, door-to-door transit service for special users, user-side subsidies, coordination of social service agency transportation, special purpose transit services for inner-city residents, and rural public transportation. This information was obtained from detailed evaluations of SMD-sponsored demonstrations and case study analyses of locally initiated projects. KW - Aged KW - Bicycles KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Impact studies KW - Information dissemination KW - Innovation KW - Management KW - Motor vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Prices KW - Pricing KW - Project management KW - Rural areas KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56556/servicemethodsd0600bruc_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365063 AU - Jordan-DeLaurenti, M AU - Jordan-DeLaurenti and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE USE OF BUS OPERATOR TESTING PROCEDURES IN THE PERSONNEL SELECTION PROCESS WITHIN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1981/12 SP - 105 p. AB - The objective of this study was to provide the transit industry with up-to-date information on the recruitment, testing, selection, and training practices currently used by transit systems that received training in the University of Chicago test batteries validated for male and female bus operators. This report presents a literature review, the methodology and demographic characteristics of the respondent group in the survey, and the conclusions and recommendations of the study. The appendices contain a glossary, demographic characteristics in tabular form, interview instrument, correspondence, mail questionnaire, and a list of populations surveyed. KW - Aptitude tests KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Females KW - Males KW - Personnel management KW - Recruiting KW - Selection and appointment KW - Specialized training KW - Surveys KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364959 AU - Koppelman, F S AU - LYON, P K AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDE-BEHAVIOR RESPONSE TO TRANSPORTATION SERVICE INNOVATION - FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 106 p. AB - Planning, management, and evaluation of public transportation services is based on the analysis of operating and ridership data and inferences which can be drawn from such analysis. This study develops and applies a methodological approach to the analysis of ridership on a new or changed public transportation service to obtain better insights into the traveler decision process and behavior. This approach takes explicit account of the dynamic character of consumer response to changes in public transportation service. The dynamic elements of the consumer response process reflect the period over which the individual becomes aware of the new or changed service, tries the service, and makes a final determination of his/her pattern of usage of the new or changed service. This process is conceptualized as repetitive in that the individual continues to receive information about the service through experience or indirect sources and utilizes this information to modify his/her behavior. This approach also takes explicit account of the role of attitudes as mediators between objective service characteristics and travel behavior. KW - Attitudes KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumers KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Evaluation KW - Impact studies KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - User reactions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177183 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365032 AU - LEE, R A AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXTENDED SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: PROCEDURE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATIVE AGT DEPLOYMENTS PY - 1981/12 SP - 285 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present a general procedure for using the SOS software to analyze AGT systems. Data to aid the analyst in specifying input information, required as input to the software, are summarized in the appendices. The data are based on analyses of information derived from existing and proposed systems during the SOS program. The procedure described in this report is based on experience gained during the SOS program and from other applications of the SOS software. Potential applications of the SOS software are discussed in terms of the deployment characteristics that can be evaluated using the SOS models. The SOS software can be used to simulate the operation of an entire AGT system deployment or to evaluate the detailed operation of particular guideway segments and stations. The software can also be used to evaluate life cycle costs, system availability, and feeder system requirements. Other applications for the SOS software include (1) supporting feasibility studies or preliminary engineering of AGT systems that may be actually deployed in specific locales; and (2) assessing existing AGT systems and evaluating proposed system modifications. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programs KW - Control KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Theory UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177231 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364957 AU - Casey, R AU - Damm, D AU - Doxsey, L AU - Freilich, J AU - Heaton, C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATIONS PROGRAM REPORT PY - 1981/12 SP - 280 p. AB - The Service and Methods Demonstrations (SMD) Program was established in 1974 to promote the development and widespread adoption of innovative transit services and transportation management techniques throughout the United States. The program focuses on concepts that use existing technology to create improvements which require relatively low levels of capital investment and which can be implemented within a short time frame. Through the SMD Program, these concepts are demonstrated in real-world operational environments and evaluated to determine their costs, impacts, and implementation characteristics. Evaluation findings are disseminated through various media to transportation planners, policymakers, and transit operators in the United States and abroad. Those concepts which show the greatest promise are actively promoted and may even be incorporated in future Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) policy. The SMD Program is an integral component of UMTA's overall program of urban transportation research, development, and demonstrations (RD&D). Other major elements include the Technology Development and Deployment Program, which focuses on new vehicle and system technology; the Policy Development and Research Program; and the Transportation Planning and Management Program, which is concerned with the development of new planning tools and transit management techniques. KW - Aged KW - Bicycles KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Impact studies KW - Innovation KW - Management KW - Motor vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Prices KW - Pricing KW - Project management KW - Rural areas KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364992 AU - Dorosin, E AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - COMMUTER CONNECTION: FLEXIBLE RIDESHARING IN MARIN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA PY - 1981/12 SP - 91 p. AB - This is a final report documenting the Commuter Connection Flexible Registered Ridesharing Demonstration Project. The purpose of this project was to test the feasibility of flexible registered ridesharing, which is a system whereby registered commuters could share rides to work on an occasional basis as either a driver or rider. Commuter Connection, Inc., a nonprofit California corporation, was created specifically for the purpose of designing and implementing this demonstration ridesharing program. The project began operations on March 27, 1979 and terminated on August 31, 1980, and was tested in the Golden Gate commute corridor in the San Francisco Bay Area in California. This report describes project planning and development during 16 months of operations. It also describes members' use and attitudes about the system and analyzes the demonstration findings. KW - Attitudes KW - Brokerage KW - California KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Insurance KW - Marin County (California) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Publicity KW - Ridesharing KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177209 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364976 AU - Cunney, E G AU - Yang, T L AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - U.S. TRANSIT TRACK RESTRAINING RAIL. VOLUME II: GUIDELINES PY - 1981/12 SP - 35 p. AB - This report covers a study of restraining rails in transit track, which is part of the current research program of UMTA and was initiated: (1) to assist in the analysis, design, and maintenance and operation of transit track; (2) to compile guidelines for the use of restraining rails; and (3) to devise concepts for possible improvements. This report, Volume II, contains guidelines derived from the study of transit restraining rail requirements and practices, and includes consideration of practices in the railroad industry and other industries. It also includes recommended standards and practices for design, installation, maintenance and inspection, and suggestions for the evaluation of requirements for restraining rail installations. This report also presents descriptions and limits for measurable conditions, such as gage and flangeway width, and descriptions of conditions that normally are not measurable. KW - Fasteners KW - Flanges KW - Guardrails KW - Guidelines KW - Installation KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance of way KW - Measuring instruments KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Restraining rails KW - Structural design KW - Track design KW - Track structures KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364995 AU - Atherton, T J AU - Eder, E S AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - CBD FARE-FREE TRANSIT SERVICE IN ALBANY, NEW YORK PY - 1981/12 SP - 178 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the impacts associated with the implementation of fare-free transit service in the Central Business District (CBD) of Albany, New York. The Albany demonstration began in November 1978; fares were eliminated for trips within the two-thirds square mile fare-free zone during off-peak hours on weekdays and from 9 AM to 5 PM on Saturdays. The local objectives for this evaluation were: revitalization of the downtown areas; reduced traffic congestion; increased fare-paying patronage; and improve public image of public transportation. Data collection involved surveys administered to population groups that included: bus patrons traveling within the CBD; downtown employees and residents; and areawide residents. KW - Albany (New York) KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Evaluation KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Impact studies KW - New York (State) KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Travel KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364975 AU - Cunney, E G AU - Yang, T L AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - U.S. TRANSIT TRACK RESTRAINING RAIL. VOLUME I: STUDY OF REQUIREMENTS AND PRACTICES PY - 1981/12 SP - 150 p. AB - This report covers a study of restraining rails in transit track, which is part of the current research program of UMTA and was initiated: (1) to assist in the analysis, design, and maintenance and operation of transit track; (2) to compile guidelines for the use of restraining rails; and (3) to devise concepts for possible improvements. This report, Volume I, describes current practices in the use of restraining rails and provides data from rail lubrication tests. It evaluates the benefits of alternative practices, presents concepts for advanced designs, discusses simplified analysis of the costs and benefits of restraining rail installations, recommends the design and fabrication of modifications and new concepts, and recommends tests to obtain additional information for improvements in track adjustment and practices in order to reduce rail wear. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Data collection KW - Durability tests KW - Economic analysis KW - Guardrails KW - Lubrication KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance of way KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail lubrication KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Restraining rails KW - Structural design KW - Track design KW - Track structures KW - Wear UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177193 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364822 AU - Barrows, T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND LITERATURE SURVEY OF CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS FOR USE IN BUSES PY - 1981/12 SP - 50 p. AB - Numerous studies have been conducted on the concept of flywheel energy storage for buses. Flywheel systems require a continuously variable transmission (CVT) of some type to transmit power between the flywheel and the drive wheels. However, a CVT can provide some fuel economy benefit with or without an energy-storing flywheel, which is the focus of this report. This computer study and literature review is intended to provide insight into the potential applicability of CVTs to buses. It has been suggested that such transmissions may be of interest for two reasons: (1) simple substitution of a CVT in the place of a conventional transmission may offer fuel savings by allowing the engine to operate at its most efficient speed and (2) the combination of a CVT and a flywheel allows regenerative braking, in which the vehicle kinetic energy during deceleration is captured for later re-use. This computer study and literature survey considers several examples of CVTs in buses, both with and without flywheel energy storage, and finds a predicted energy savings of 10 to 32 percent. The analysis focuses on the use of a CVT alone, without regenerative braking. Computer simulations are made to compute the fuel use of a bus with two different CVTs one with a ratio range of 6, and the other of an infinite ratio range. For the former, assuming an efficiency of 85 percent, a fuel savings of 12 to 22 percent is predicted, depending upon the driving cycle. It is shown that a substantial part of this saving arises from the simple fact that the accessories operate at a lower speed. For this reason, a separate study of accessory speed control has been conducted, yielding a predicted fuel saving of as high as 17 percent. The report concludes that such accessory speed control may represent an attractive way to reduce fuel consumption. In comparison with the CVT, the concept is more compatible with present bus technology. KW - Buses KW - Continuously variable transmissions KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Fuel consumption KW - Regenerative braking KW - Reviews KW - Savings KW - Simulation KW - Speed control KW - Transmissions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177097 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595704 AU - Wilsey and Ham AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Traffic Effects Analysis PY - 1981/11 SP - 84p AB - This report addresses the effects, in downtown Portland, of the Portland Transit Mall on traffic circulation, transit efficiency and use, pedestrian circulation, parking and local access and other traffic-related matters. It was determined that the most appropriate analysis of these effects would involve a comparison of 1980 modeled (or simulated) traffic conditions with the Mall, against 1980 modeled (or simulated) traffic conditions had the Mall never been built. This report was able to use a traffic model previously developed to assess the potential downtown traffic impacts of various options for transit improvements between downtown and areas west of the City. Traffic models are a technique for simulating traffic conditions for any given year. The models consist of a set of mathematical procedures which are outlined in the following section entitled APPROACH. It is important to understand this process in order to understand how conclusions in this report were reached. KW - Highway operations KW - Impact studies KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Traffic KW - Traffic models KW - Traffic simulation KW - Transit malls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56507/portlandtransitm00unse_6.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474161 AU - Morin, S J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, SECTION 15 REPORTING SYSTEM PY - 1981/11 SP - 386 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the UMT Act of 1964, as amended. The report consists of two sections: Section 1 contains industry aggregate statistics only, while Section 2 contains detailed financial and operating data on individual transit properties. The current edition contains transit industry statistics compiled from the Section 15 data submitted by the transit properties for fiscal years ending between July 1, 1978 and June 30, 1979, the first year of operation of the Section 15 reporting system. KW - Expenditures KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390685 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Santa Clara County Transit District AU - San Jose, City of, California TI - SAN JOSE TRANSIT MALL. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1981/11 SP - 116 p. AB - This EIS considers three action alternatives plus the Null Alternative for construction of a transit mall in downtown San Jose, California. The action alternatives are: Alternative 2A-a one-street bus mall on First Street; Alternative 2B-a two-street bus mall on First and Second Street; Alternative 3B a two-street bus mall with capacity to accommodate light rail transit. Phase 1 for the three build alternatives would extend from San Carlos to St. James Street. A possible Phase 2 addition would extend the mall to Bassett Street in the North and to San Salvadore Street in the South. Auto access and on-street parking would be limited on the selected mall streets to facilitate transit circulation. In all transit mall alternatives, pedestrian and transit patron congestion would be improved by widening of sidewalks or provision of a center median. The primary impact areas identified in the Draft EIS include pedestrian and vehicular circulation, parking, land use, and noise. Of secondary significance are construction impacts and impacts on economic development, air quality, energy use and urban design. KW - Air quality KW - California KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Land use KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Traffic restraint KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206225 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365694 AU - Kaye, M C AU - Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Environmental Protection Agency TI - NOISE REDUCTION RETROFIT FOR A "NEW LOOK" GMC TRANSIT BUS: SERVICE BULLETIN PY - 1981/11 SP - 64 p. AB - This document gives instructions on how to apply a noise treatment to a contemporary city transit bus without extensive structural alteration. Prototype anti-noise treatments of two conventional transit motorbuses were tested: a Flexible "New Look" and a GMC "New Look" Model. Baseline bus configuration, noise ratings, and performance benchmarks are presented for a GMC model T8H-5307A transit bus, powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V-71N engine. Earlier, a Flxible model 111DC-D061 was similarly treated using the same concepts and much of the same hardware. The results are almost identical, showing the wide range of treatment applicability. This report gives instructions as to how GMC "New Look" model is retrofitted with a turbocharged 8V-71TAC engine and ancillary hardware. The instructions include the revision of the engine aspiration system for easier breathing, the lining of the engine compartment with an anti-noise blanket, and the silencing of the hiss of the compressed air system dryer. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Compressed air KW - Cost estimating KW - Diesel engines KW - Estimates KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel consumption KW - New look buses KW - New products KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Retrofitting KW - Turbochargers KW - Turbocharging KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377126 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION. A LITERATURE CAPSULE PY - 1981/11 SP - 66 p. AB - The report is designed to make the literature on transportation concerning promising new transit technology more accessible to users. The Transit Technology Evaluation Program investigates the technical, social, and economic factors involved in the planning and operation of promising new transit technologies through studies in four basic areas: Assessments of operational systems to compile information on the performance, technical, and economic characteristics; Cost analyses including capital, operating and maintenance costs, as well as life cycle costing and cost trends; Market research to ascertain the nature and magnitude of the potential market for technology deployment; Impacts investigation to determine how the technology will affect users and the surrounding community with regard to aesthetic, environmental, and social issues. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Environmental impacts KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Market research KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Operating costs KW - State of the art studies KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361816 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRANSIT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PY - 1981/11 SP - 17 p. AB - This bibliography is intended to provide those interested in transit performance measurement with a sampling of the reports, studies, and documents that have been published in recent years. The collection is not comprehensive, but rather, is intended to illustrate the range of key issues and developments that have been explored. The bibliography is divided into two sections. Section I, General Analysis, highlights research from a variety of sources. Section II, Demonstration Programs, pertains to the actual implementation of performance indicators in transit system demonstration programs. KW - Bibliographies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/176546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364950 AU - Einstein, N B AU - Einstein (Ned B) AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL PARATRANSIT SERVICE FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS: OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE PY - 1981/11 SP - 172 p. AB - This report provides a summary of the findings of a study of existing special user transportation services. The project involved case studies of 30 systems in 18 cities. Systems are classified by the type of agency which has policy and procedural lead responsibility and the type of organization which operates the service. Histories of system development are summarized. The processes used to plan the services are described. System impacts are identified. An extensive discussion of productivity measures and the relative performance of the systems examined is provided. The analysis indicated that labor rules and cost do not have as much impact on productivity as was expected. However, it is shown that vehicle deployment schemes which allow for focusing of service to areas where trip densities in relation to service provided are high will result in good productivity. Common problems and issues are identified. Interesting unique features and effective innovations are also described. KW - Aged KW - Labor costs KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations management KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56562/specialparatran8135nede_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177177 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364870 AU - Anagnostopoulos, G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERIM ASSESSMENT OF THE VAL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1981/11 SP - 199 p. AB - This report describes an interim assessment of the VAL (Vehicules Automatiques Legers or Light Automated Vehicle) AGT system which is currently under construction in Lille, France, and which is to become fully operational in December 1983. This report contains a technical description and performance data resulting from a demonstration test program performed concurrently in August 1980. VAL is the first driverless AGT urban system application in France. The system operates at grade, elevated, and in tunnels on an exclusive concrete dual-lane guideway that is 12.7 kilometers long. The configuration of the system is a push-pull loop operating between 17 on-line stations. The system is designed to provide scheduled operation at 60-second headways and a normal one-way capacity of 7440 passengers per hour per direction with 55 percent of the passengers seated. Two pneumatic-tired vehicles are coupled into a single vehicle capable of carrying 124 passengers at line speeds of 60 km/hr. During the course of the demonstration test program, VAL demonstrated that it could achieve high levels of dependability and availability and could perform safely under all perceivable conditions. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Driverless rail transit KW - Electric power KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electrical systems KW - France KW - Headways KW - Lille (France) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Propulsion KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Speed control KW - Subways KW - Urban transportation KW - Val system UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364851 AU - Pucher, J AU - Rutgers University, New Brunswick AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EQUITY IN TRANSIT FINANCE: A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACTS OF TRANSIT SUBSIDIES ON LOW-INCOME AND MINORITY GROUPS PY - 1981/11 SP - 96 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the degree to which the benefits of transit subsidy programs accrue to low-income users and the extent to which low-income households ultimately pay the tax costs of these programs. Decomposition of user benefits is achieved through analysis of the income distribution of the riders of each of the various modes of transit services and the degree to which each type of transit service is subsidized. Variations among transit modes (bus, subway, and commuter rail) as well as within each mode (by route, by time of day, and by trip distance) are examined. The incidence of tax costs is estimated by determining the mix of tax mechanisms used to finance transit subsidies and the percentage contribution from each level of government. Several alternative tax distributions are estimated, incorporating a wide range of underlying incidence assumptions and three alternative indices of distribution. The analysis presents the results of nationwide aggregate analysis and case study analysis of transit finance in six metropolitan areas. KW - Administration KW - Aggregate analysis KW - Aggregates KW - Case studies KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - Grant aid KW - Low income groups KW - Minorities KW - Needs assessment KW - Policy KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - User benefits KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595708 AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Noise Impact Report PY - 1981/10 SP - 88p AB - The primary purpose of this report is to determine what impacts, if any, the Portland Transit Mall has had on noise levels both on the Mall and on adjacent streets off the Mall. The noise impacts were determined by comparing noise measurements taken before the Mall was constructed to measurements taken after its completion. These comparisons were made in anticipation of being able to detect consistent patterns of change in noise levels after the Mall was built. Noise in downtown Portland is primarily the result of vehicular traffic sources. Therefore, any changes in noise levels resulting from these comparisons are assumed to be directly related to vehicular traffic noise, and to changes in the composition (particularly bus and non-bus) of vehicular traffic. The report presents the comparisons and the resulting changes in noise levels, but does not analyze traffic counts or patterns as a means of explaining these changes. A secondary purpose of this report is to discuss the significance of the noise levels in downtown Portland with the Transit Mall. These noise levels accurately predict the noise impacts which a transit mall similar to the Portland Transit Mall will have in any city, particularly in a downtown area. The report is composed of seven sections . Section I introduces the problem of noise, particularly urban noise, and the measurement and description of noise. Section II briefly discusses three separate sets of noise standards which are relevant to the Portland Transit Mall. Section III outlines the three sources of before-Mail and after-Mall noise measurements, and Section IV presents each of nine noise comparisons made for this study. Section V presents the findings of the noise comparisons, and Section VI concludes the text of the report. Section VII is the Appendix which describes in detail noise measurement data sources which are outlined in Section III. KW - Central business districts KW - Impact studies KW - Noise KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Sound level KW - Traffic noise KW - Transit malls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56506/portlandtransitm00unse_5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462879 AU - Klimek (Carl R) and Associates AU - Community and Economic Development Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Illinois Department of Transportation TI - JOLIET UNION STATION RESTORATION AND ADAPTIVE REUSE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/10 SP - 249 p. AB - This report contains a structural analysis of the Joliet Union Station and contains recommendations for the stabilization, rehabilitation, and renovation of the structure. The document also evaluates the station as a multimodal transportation center. Potential occupancy and ownership/management arrangements are analyzed. A value range assessment is performed. The relationship of this facility to nearby commercial areas is discussed. The addendum analyzes the restaurant market. Each funding agency paid for a portion of the study. IDOT and FRA funds were restricted to on-site considerations. UMTA funds were used for the market analysis. Multiple funding sources were needed because no single source was able to accommodate the broad scope of this study. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Historic preservation KW - Marketing KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Renovating KW - Soil stabilization KW - Stabilization KW - Structural analysis KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365318 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Clarke, R AU - Molinero, A M AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TIMED TRANSFER SYSTEM PLANNING, DESIGN AND OPERATION PY - 1981/10 SP - 135 p. AB - Contents: Transit services in low-density areas; Transit networks--types, characteristics and elements; Transfers; Timed transfer system; Transit centers; TTS planning and design procedure; Information and marketing; An example TTS application--Red Arrow Division of SEPTA (Philadelphia). KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Headways KW - Interchanges KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Timed transfer KW - Timed transfer system KW - Transfers KW - Transportation KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379446 AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ENERGY IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT ACTIONS PY - 1981/10 SP - 272 p. AB - Recent federal regulations have placed greater emphasis on analysis of energy issues in the Urban Transportation Planning Process. Part of these requirements include analysis of energy savings resulting from Transportation Systems Management (TSM) actions. This document is a handbook of simple analysis methods that can be used to assess the direct energy impact of TSM actions. It contains step-by-step instructions to complete worksheets that have been included. Sample case studies are also included which demonstrate the use of the analysis procedures. The methods discussed should appeal to a variety of user groups by requiring minimum data input; reasonable staff time and expertise; and no computer use. KW - Case studies KW - Energy conservation KW - Handbooks KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56391/energyimpactsoft824tran_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192408 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452005 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - European Conference of Ministers of Transport AU - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE PY - 1981/10 SP - 604 p. AB - The International Symposium on Surface Transportation System Performance was a three-day meeting consisting of general and focused discussions of the state-of-the-art, policy issues, and concepts and definitions used in the evaluation of the performance of transportation systems. The overall motivation for the Symposium was to provide a forum in which transportation officials, policymakers and technical experts could explore the techniques and programs used by other countries to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of their transit systems. Specifically, five topics were chosen which focused the workshop session discussions on those areas which were and are of prime importance in the complex area of evaluating performance: energy conservation, economic development, urban form, impact of the transportation system on the environment, and safety. The organization of these Proceedings follows generally the organization of the Symposium. The keynote speeches presented at the plenary sessions are provided in Volume I, together with summaries of the content of each of the fifteen workshop sessions, and a list of the Symposium participants. In Volume II, the complete texts of the fifty technical papers presented at the workshop sessions are recorded. KW - Conferences KW - Economic development KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Ground transportation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Safety KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386400 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - European Conference of Ministers of Transport AU - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. PROCEEDINGS VOLUME I PY - 1981/10 SP - 95 p. AB - The Symposium, a 3-day meeting, produced this proceedings which consists of general and focused discussion of the state-of-the-art, policy issues, and concepts and definitions used in evaluation of the performance of transportation systems. Volume I includes 7 keynote speeches and summaries of the workshop sessions. The Symposium was for exchange of information on common approaches to policy analysis in transportation system performance. The agenda dealt with 5 specific topics of major importance and interest. For each topic 3 workshops were scheduled with presentations of technical papers preceding general discussion. The 3 subtopics focused on: State of the art; examination of performance concepts and indicators, and Policy issues and implications with identification of research needs. The 5 major topics were: Energy Conservation and the Transportation System; The Impact of the Transportation System on the Environment; Transportation and Urban Form; The Role of Transportation in Economic Development; and Transportation System Safety. KW - City planning KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386401 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - European Conference of Ministers of Transport AU - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) AU - Transportation Research Board TI - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. PROCEEDINGS VOLUME II PY - 1981/10 SP - 95 p. AB - This Symposium, a 3-day meeting, produced this proceedings which consists of general and focused discussion of the state-of-the-art, policy issues, and concepts and definitions used in evaluation of the performance of transportation systems. Volume II includes the 50 technical papers presented at workshop sessions, and divided into the 5 general topics of major importance and interest: Energy Conservation and the Transportation System; The Impact of the Transportation System on Environment; Transportation and Urban Form; The Role of Transportation in Economic Development; and Transportation Safety. KW - City planning KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365317 AU - Vuchic, V R AU - Clarke, R AU - Molinero, A M AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TIMED TRANSFER SYSTEM PLANNING, DESIGN AND OPERATION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/10 SP - 6 p. AB - This study analyzes various methods of providing transit services in low-density areas. It focuses on the type of transit network and operation in which special transit centers are organized and vehicles from several different lines converge at the same time enabling passengers to transfer between any two lines, and then depart in their respective directions. This type of service is called timed transfer system (TTS). TTS represents a coordinated transit network that passengers can utilize for travel between any two points in the served area with reasonable convenience and average travel speed. This report presents an overview of different types of public transport services for low-density areas and a detailed description of TTS characteristics. A systematic classification of TTS networks and relationships of their operating elements (route lengths, headways, speeds, number of vehicles, etc.) are presented. Procedure for planning of TTS is followed by a description of information and marketing of such services. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Headways KW - Interchanges KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Networks KW - Public transit KW - Roads KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Timed transfer KW - Timed transfer system KW - Transfers KW - Transportation KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365383 AU - Anagnostopoulos, G AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE TRANSETTE TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1981/10 SP - 94 p. AB - This report describes an assessment of the Transette system located at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. The Transette system is a unique, fully-automated, engineering prototype transportation test system installed on the campus of the Institute. It is a 0.25-mile belt-driven system currently in a loop configuration, employing passive vehicles controlled and propelled by a drive belt system that permits vehicles to move at twice the speed of the belt. This report presents the background and events of the development of the Transette system also gives a technical description of the system. A description of the system operation and performance and the system economics is provided. This report also provides the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) assessment of Transette with recommendations of what is needed for a revenue system. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Belt conveyors KW - Belt drives KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes KW - Railroad transportation KW - Technology assessment KW - Transette system KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377012 AU - WAKELEY, H AU - Pape, R AU - Mniszewski, K AU - Marek, S AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CTA RAIL SYSTEM SAFETY ANALYSIS COMPUTER MODEL VOLUME II. USER'S MANUAL PY - 1981/10 SP - 220 p. AB - A computer program to assist in the fault tree method of accident analysis was prepared for the CTA rail system. Volume Two is a User's Manual that describes the methodology and techniques necessary to develop the fault tree logic diagrams, the determination of cut sets, calculation of the data required as inputs and other essential information and procedures to the undertaking of a fault tree analysis. Volume I of this report contains a brief discussion of the human factors and reliability data used in the estimates of this material. A section dealing with the potential uses of the fault tree methodology has also been presented. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Computer programs KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Security UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190803 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377011 AU - WAKELEY, H AU - Pape, R AU - Mniszewski, K AU - Marek, S AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CTA RAIL SYSTEM SAFETY ANALYSIS VOLUME I--FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/10 SP - 67 p. AB - A study on rail safety systems analysis was done for the Chicago Transit Authority to develop a set of logic diagrams depicting scenarios that lead to collisions, derailments, fires, crime and injuries. By providing probabilistic inputs for the basic events on the fault trees, estimates of the frequency of occurrence can be prepared. From these, safety strategies, training aids, forecasting trends and accident analysis can be studied and new procedures developed to better allocate the resources available to the Safety Department. The Final Report presents a summary of the tasks undertaken and a description of the parameters used to determine human reliability. Also included is a five year improvement and implementation plan for the various aspects of this study. Volume II, User's Manual, for this report contains a complete description of the program and the steps and procedures essential for running the program and developing the fault trees. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Crash risk forecasting KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Fires KW - Forecasting KW - Rapid transit KW - Risk analysis KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366957 AU - Northern Virginia Planning District Commission AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TO THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED: PHASE II FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/10 SP - 488 p. AB - This report contains a detailed inventory of specialized transportation resources currently available within each of five major Northern Virginia jurisdictions; a description of statutory and programmatic restrictions governing the provison of transportation services of individual agencies; the major coordination activities taking place and the potential for additional coordination initiatives; and a list of recommended actions that localities and the NVPDC can take to improve the delivery of transportation services. KW - Aged KW - Agencies KW - Coordination KW - Government agencies KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366742 AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBREGIONAL TRANSIT PLANNING STUDY - SUBREGION 3 PY - 1981/10 SP - 87 p. AB - The Subregional Transit Planning Study: Subregion 3 is concerned with testing the Subregional Transit Concept contained in the Transportation Policy Plan of the Metropolitan Council, the MPO of the Twin Cities Area. The Subregional Concept states that equal emphasis and investment should be placed on providing transit service within the subregion and on providing service from the subregion to the CBD. The study looks at several service concepts that would increase the amount of service to the major activity center in Subregion 3, located in Southern Hennepin County. Service concepts reviewed include timed-transfer, checkpoint demand-responsive para-transit, and partial refocusing of existing local bus service. The study includes patronage and ridership estimates for each. The Recommended Transit Service Plan provides additional local bus routes, generally oriented in an east-west direction, focused on the major activity center, and discontinues midday service on some existing north-south routes. Peak period express bus service to the Minneapolis CBD to the Minneapolis CBD would not be changed. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Paratransit services KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368204 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUCTION OF PATH WHEEL WEAR AND WHEEL NOISE STUDY PY - 1981/10 SP - v.p. AB - This final report reviews the work accomplished for all 8 tasks of the Phase 2 program. The goals set for the program and completed are (1) Wheel finite element stress analysis revealed no excessive stress from a modified wheel with thicker rim, annular grove for noise damper ring and added holes in hub for odometer mounting; (2) Wheel defect data base was developed showing scrap rates, mileage and defect mode for differen rim thicknesses, wheel hardnesses, manufacturer and car types; (3) Wayside and rail-mounted sensor systems were developed for detection of flat wheels and flange wear; (4) A survey was undertaken of slip/side control systems to protect against formation of flat wheels and wheel/ril thermal damage while slip/slide measurements were made on a PATH car; (5) Lubricants to reduce wheel squal and wheel wear at sharp curves were tested, including water spray, graphite grease and molybenum disulfide grease; (6) For squal reduction, a survey of wheel treatments points to snap-ring-damped as promising for a tests on PATH cars. Other recommendations include the testing of dry coatings for rail lubrication, tapered-tread wheel profiles, and a study of rail wear at curves. KW - Dampers KW - Finite element method KW - Flanges KW - Flat wheels KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Stresses KW - Umta section 8 KW - Wear KW - Wheel screech noise KW - Wheel stresses KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179394 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365277 AU - Schneider, J B AU - McAlister, L AU - Umesh, U AU - Boyle, C AU - Setterfield, D AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT SERVICE CONCEPTS AT REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTERS: AN INITIAL ASSESSMENT PY - 1981/10 SP - 80 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the preferences of people who work and shop at large regional malls for various alternative transit service concepts and relates these preferences to various indices of shopping behavior, socioeconomic, and demographic status. The report presents some results obtained from interviews with 2070 persons at 17 regional malls throughout the United States, conducted during the Fall of 1980. Preferences were estimated for each of 20 different demand segments and 36 different transit service concepts. Results are also derived for malls of different types in various parts of the country. The authors express that both mall operators and transit system operators can use the findings of this report to design, in general terms, the type of transit service that would be most acceptable to the groups of shoppers or employees for whom they would most like to provide services. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Characteristics KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Scoioeconomic factors KW - Shopping centers KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs KW - Travel time KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364910 AU - Simmonds, K J AU - Arnold, G R AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY NO. 12 ORANGE LINE VEHICLE EVALUATION PY - 1981/10 SP - 144 p. AB - This report presents the results of an engineering evaluation of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's No. 12 Orange Line rapid transit cars, accomplished at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado. The test program was carried out from February through April, 1981. The scope of the program included vehicle performance, ride quality, acoustic transmissibility and absorptivity tests, and an evaluation of the squeal properties of several brake shoe types. Wherever appropriate, test data were compared to the vehicle specifications criteria; ride quality data were compared to International Organization for Standardization (IOS) guidelines for ride comfort. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Brake shoes KW - Brakes KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Noise KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Specifications KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364845 AU - Welches, C A AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROSPECTUS FOR CHANGE IN THE INTERCITY BUS INDUSTRY: STATE INTERCITY BUS PLAN PY - 1981/10 SP - 457 p. AB - The report is a preliminary edition of the State Intercity Bus Plan. It proposes a Statewide system of interconnected bus routes called the Basic State Intercity Bus Network, linking together 154 principal locations. These principal locations are urbanized areas, rural cities with 5,000 or more inhabitants, county seats of government and the largest city in each of the 58 counties. The regulatory process is examined and proposals for deregulation of the intercity bus industry are evaluated. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Counties KW - Deregulation KW - Highway transportation KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Networks KW - Regulations KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urbanized areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347919 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING TRANSPORTATION/SOCIETAL INTERACTIONS. VOLUME 2: STUDY DESIGN REPORTS PY - 1981/10 SP - 737 p. AB - In 1979, the Transportation Systems Center (TSC), under sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), began a program of research directed toward improving the understanding of the role of transportation in society, in particular with respect to patterns of travel, location, and development. As a major element of the program, innovative approaches to defining, structuring, or solving the problems were sought from the research community. This report contains seven study design reports prepared by six research firms who were awarded contracts to produce detailed work plans for refining and demonstrating proposed innovative analytic approaches to understanding transportation/societal interactions. The seven approaches and corresponding contractors are: (1) Cambridge Systematics-Residential Housing and Location Model; (2) DAA Enterprises-Systems Dynamics Model; (3) Futures Group Probabilistic Systems Dynamics Model; (4) Interchange Analysis of Demography, Housing, and Transportation; (5) Interchange-Micro-Economic Model; (6) Research Triangle Institute-Comparative Analysis of Urban Spatial Structures; and (7) University of Illinois-Societal Linkages Model. KW - Demographics KW - Innovation KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Problem solving KW - Residential areas KW - Simulation KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sociology KW - Transportation KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347894 AU - Bonderson, L S AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE AGT OPERATIONAL CONTROL STRATEGIES PY - 1981/10 SP - 204 p. AB - The objectives of the Systems Operation Studies (SOS) for automated guideway transit (AGT) systems are to develop models for the analysis of system operations, to evaluate performance and cost, and to establish guidelines for the design and operation of AGT systems. This report documents analyses of the performance, cost, and operating characteristics of the functions of vehicle control, headway protection, longitudinal control, merge strategy, and dispatch strategy. Several options were defined for each control function and evaluated both analytically and through experiments of vehicle motion on link, merge, and intersection guideway elements at the subsystem level. Several specific control strategy combinations were also evaluated at the system level through AGT system simulations. The performance effect of vehicle entrainment both at stations and on the guideway was also evaluated at the system level. Alternative strategies/combinations were compared and guidelines were stated for choosing between control alternatives. The minimum operational headway analysis showed that the vehicle control and headway protection combination consisting of continuous moving block headway protection and fixed block vehicle follower vehicle control offers no advantage over the simpler combination using fixed blocks for both functions. In all cases, point follower control was found to require longer headway separation than vehicle follower control because of the focusing distance phenomenon during line speed changes. KW - Algorithms KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dispatching KW - Guidelines KW - Headways KW - Highway traffic control KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Systems analysis KW - Transfer functions KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347918 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING TRANSPORTATION/SOCIETAL INTERACTIONS. VOLUME 1 - PROGRAM OVERVIEW AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES PY - 1981/10 SP - 86 p. AB - In 1979, the Transportation Systems Center (TSC), under sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), began a program of research directed toward improving the understanding of the role of transportation in society, in particular with respect to patterns of travel, location, and development. As a major element of the program, innovative approaches to defining, structuring, or solving the problems were sought from the research community. This report contains seven study design reports prepared by six research firms who were awarded contracts to produce detailed work plans for refining and demonstrating proposed innovative analytic approaches to understanding transportation/societal interactions. The seven approaches and corresponding contractors are: (1) Cambridge Systematics-Residential Housing and Location Model; (2) DAA Enterprises-Systems Dynamics Model; (3) Futures Group Probabilistic Systems Dynamics Model; (4) Interchange Analysis of Demography, Housing, and Transportation; (5) Interchange-Micro-Economic Model; (6) Research Triangle Institute-Comparative Analysis of Urban Spatial Structures; and (7) University of Illinois-Societal Linkages Model. KW - Demographics KW - Innovation KW - Interaction KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Research projects KW - Residential areas KW - Simulation KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Socioeconomics KW - Transportation KW - Travel patterns KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346706 AU - Wilson, J F AU - Duke University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPTIMUM DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR ELEVATED TRANSIT STRUCTURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/10 SP - 146 p. AB - The need to design efficient supporting structures with minimal vibration response for use in modern transit vehicle systems generated this study. The methodologies presented herein purport to aid the designer in producing advanced-concept, minimum cost, urban transit structures with high strength to weight ratios, which also have aesthetic appeal and afford a high degree of ride comfort. This report is organized into 4 sections. In Chapter 1, optimal pier spacings for uniform spans are predicted; span inertia effects are included. Calculated optimal span responses to constant loads at constant speed, verified experimentally, show a peak stress reduction of up to 30 percent, compared to simple spans end-to-end. In Chapter 2, similar results are found for uniform, continuous, inertialess spans, where the transit mass is much larger than the span mass. In Chapter 3, the effects on span efficiency of the nonuniform stiffness and unit mass parameters are investigated; extensive use is made of computer graphics to illustrate the design methodology. In Chapter 4, the Duke University transit system is the reference case used for alternative design studies, where up to 40 percent reductions in concrete weight are possible. The author concludes that the most efficient designs are continuous span configurations with a minimum number of pier supports, properly spaced so that balanced stresses are achieved. This report contains conclusions, a list of references, and numerous charts depicting various span and guideway configurations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bending moments KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programming KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elevated guideways KW - Forced vibration KW - Methodology KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346705 AU - Wilson, J F AU - Duke University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPTIMUM DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR ELEVATED TRANSIT STRUCTURES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/10 SP - 12 p. AB - Methodologies are investigated for designing high efficiency, elevated, urban guideways. The most efficient spans are continuous where the pier supports, bending stiffness and unit mass are optimally distributed. Calculations lead to spans of least overall weight, balanced peak stresses under all loading, and minimum rms vertical deflection for the vehicle trajectories. The study is in four parts. In Chapter 1, optimal pier spacings for uniform spans are predicted, where span inertia effects are included. Calculated optimal span responses to constant loads at constant speed, verified experimentally, show a peak stress reduction of up to 30 percent, compared to simple spans end-to-end. In Chapter 2, similar results are found for uniform, continuous, inertialess, spans where the transit mass is much larger than the span mass. In Chapter 3, the effects on span efficiency of the nonuniform stiffness and unit mass parameters are investigated, where extensive use is made of computer graphics to illustrate the design methodology. In Chapter Four, the Duke University transit system is the reference case used for alternative design studies, where up to 40 percent reductions in concrete weight are possible. These methodologies can be successively employed to minimize urban guideway costs through weight reduction. The optimal spans are slim, aesthetic structures, affording high degrees of passenger ride comfort. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bending moments KW - Computer graphics KW - Computer programming KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Elevated guideways KW - Forced vibration KW - Methodology KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346751 AU - Bodin, L AU - Golden, B AU - Assad, A AU - Ball, M AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATE OF THE ART IN THE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING OF VEHICLES AND CREWS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/09/15 SP - 8 p. AB - Two of the fundamental considerations in the distribution of goods from plants to warehouses to customers are to determine the best locations for the plants and warehouses and the most effective and efficient ways to transport the goods from the plants to the warehouses to the customers. The plant and warehouse location problem has been referred to as the strategic problem while the transportation problem is referred to as the tactical problem. To operate efficiently, an organization needs to find the best compromise in solving these two problems in order to appropriately balance its capital and operating expenditures. KW - Buses KW - Management information systems KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346752 AU - Bodin, L AU - Golden, B AU - Assad, A AU - Ball, M AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATE OF THE ART IN THE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING OF VEHICLES AND CREWS PY - 1981/09/15 SP - 413 p. AB - The report presents the state of the art in routing and scheduling of vehicles and crews. It discusses the theoretical bases surrounding many of the problems, and describes in detail many routing and scheduling applications. The report provides a classification of routing and scheduling problems according to their underlying characteristics; discusses many of the issues in implementation; and includes a comprehensive bibliography of references (more than 500 citations) relating to routing and scheduling. This report also presents conclusions and future research topics that include (1) a discussion of the prospects for using routing and scheduling models within real-world settings, and (2) a list of possible directions of future research in the area of routing and scheduling. The authors state that organizations are just starting to realize the potential for savings resulting from the automation of their routing and scheduling activities. They also advocate the development of general purpose computer software systems that would include a flexible interactive user interface, and a data-base system that is easy to understand and manipulate. KW - Bibliographies KW - Buses KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operations management KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171564 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595705 AU - City of Portland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - The Portland Transit Mall Impact Study - Pedestrian/Parking Survey PY - 1981/09 SP - 42p AB - The Transit Mall Pedestrian/Parking Survey is one of three surveys assessing the Portland Downtown Transit Mall. The primary purposes of the Transit Mall Pedestrian/Parking Survey are to measure attitudes toward the Mall and to measure the impacts of the Mall on people driving and parking Downtown for reasons other than work. The survey was based on a geographic cluster sampling of pedestrians who had driven and parked Downtown. The survey was limited to eleven locations Downtown: eight on the Transit Mall and three locations within 2 1/2 blocks of the Mall. In-person interviews lasting approximately five minutes were conducted with 302 qualified respondents. A key consideration in the design of the survey was measuring attitudes from different demographic groups. Thus equal numbers of men and women were surveyed and a cross section of respondents in all age groups were interviewed. Because respondents were selected to some degree on the basis of age and sex, and at only eleven locations Downtown, the survey population may not be an actual respondent profile of all people who drive and park Downtown for reasons other than work. Demographic differences in responses are noted throughout the report. In addition, a complete demographic breakdown of questionnaire results is included. This report is divided into the following sections: Conclusions - Summary of the major findings of the survey; Questionnaire Results - Complete listing of the demographic breakdowns of the survey results; Methodology - Summary of the methodology employed in the survey; and Questionnaire: A copy of the questionnaire used in the survey. KW - Age groups KW - Attitudes KW - Central business districts KW - Demographics KW - Drivers KW - Gender KW - Impact studies KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Transit Mall KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Transit malls UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56508/portlandtransitm00unse_7.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595702 AU - Price, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Summary of the Transit Impact Studies Conference PY - 1981/09 SP - 132p AB - Over the past several years, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has supported the development of several new rail transit systems. As these projects represent significant investments of both Federal and local resources, UMTA has sponsored a number of Transit Impact Studies designed to evaluate the effects of these systems. The goals of the studies are to assess the changes in travel behavior which result from such a major change in an area's transportation system and to develop information which will aid in future investment decisions. These studies have been underway for some time now. It is thus appropriate to determine what initial findings have been obtained and to summarize these in a convenient form. For this purpose UMTA requested that the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) sponsor an informal two-day conference on the Transit Impact Studies. This conference was held in Washington on September 24 and 25, 1981, and was attended by representatives of studies underway in Washington, Atlanta, and San Diego as well as by a number of local and Federal officials, including some who were involved in a similar study in San Francisco. UMTA staff now involved in managing the Impact Study Program also attended. This report presents a summary of that conference. Included are the presentations made by representatives of each study as well as some of the discussion which followed. This summary will serve as a good working reference on the current findings of these studies and as a source for some tentative generalizations about the impacts of rail transit. KW - Conferences KW - Impact studies KW - Rail transit KW - Travel behavior UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56568/summaryoftransit00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366941 AU - Dunphy, R T AU - Griffiths, R E AU - Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - THE FIRST FOUR YEARS OF METRORAIL: TRAVEL CHANGES PY - 1981/09 SP - 119 p. AB - This report, one of a series by the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, describes travel changes resulting from the first 4 years of operation of the rapid transit system of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. By 1979 with only one-third of its planned 101-mile system operating, Metro was already carrying almost half of all weekday transit trips and was regarded as an integral feature of real estate development. The characteristics of transit ridership and the effects of Metro operation on bus and automobile travel are detailed. KW - Automobile travel KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Impact studies KW - Ridership KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban development KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364877 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTER PROGRAM (HEVSIM) FOR HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY AND PERFORMANCE SIMULATION PY - 1981/09 SP - 523p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468026 AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW JERSEY TRANSIT FINAL REPORT: NEWARK-ELIZABETH LOCAL BUS STUDY PY - 1981/09 SP - v.p. AB - The Newark-Elizabeth Local Bus Study examined the existing local transit network and developed a comprehensive program of service improvements. Part 1 contains the recommended route and schedule changes, grouped into three phases for ease of implementation. Part 2 includes recommendations for improving other aspects of transit services such as fare structure and information aids. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Improvements KW - Information dissemination KW - Level of service KW - New Jersey Transit KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281668 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386399 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Transport Canada AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WHEEL/RAIL LOAD AND DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES JANUARY 19-20, 1981 PY - 1981/09 SP - v.p. AB - Measurement of wheel/rail characteristics generates information for improvement of design tools such as model validation, establishment of load spectra and vehicle/track system interaction. Existing and new designs are assessed from evaluation of vehicle/track degradation and performance measure associated with dynamic behavior, fuel economy and safety parameters. Diagnosis and verification of hypotheses dealing with carbody hunting, rock and roll, wheel climb, wear and rail strength have been instrumental in introduction of new types of trucks such as the radial and self-steering designs. Advancement in the field of wheel/rail load and displacement measurement have been achieved by organizations all over the world. This conference provided a look at international developments in the current state-of-the-art. From papers presented, it is evident that instrumented wheelsets for load measurement have reached an advanced stage of sophistication. Accuracy and frequency response of commonly used sets are adequate for most dynamic studies and for assessment and diagnosis of existing or new equipment. Because an instrumented wheelset is generally delicate and complicated with its sophisticated electronics and associated data recording systems, future developments should emphasize simplification and reduced costs. Wayside load measurement has seen the TSC/Battelle lateral circuit and the ORE vertical circuit receive wide acceptance. Direct comparison of on-board and wayside measured loads has provided added confidence in both methods. Rail motion can be monitored at wayside, but there has been little development of measurement of wheel motion relative to rail. It is expected that there will be rapid advancements in measurement of wheel/rail interaction. This conference should hasten such development. KW - Data collection KW - Derailments KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Hunting (Dynamics) KW - Instrumentation KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad cars KW - Rock and roll KW - Rocking KW - Rolling KW - Rolling contact KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transducers KW - Trucks KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels KW - Wheelsets (Railroads) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373803 AU - Lee, LHN AU - Huang, N C AU - Hupp, J AU - Lin, K S AU - Gajda, W J AU - Ajmera, P K AU - Kwor, R AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 4: ADVANCED COUNTERMEASURES FOR COMBATTING ICE AND SNOW PROBLEMS PY - 1981/09 SP - 133 p. AB - This report is one volume of a nine-volume report associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objective of the program is to improve existing transportation operations during severe cold ice and snow environments and to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of the systems in severe winter conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. This volume addresses the fundamental properties of ice adhesion to a substrate, the mechanical properties which govern its removal, and the fundamentals of radio-frequency and deicing of power and signal rails. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Ice KW - Operations KW - Thaw KW - Third rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373804 AU - Kanury, A M AU - McComas, S T AU - Lloyd, J R AU - Slepicka, K L AU - Miller, A E AU - Kosel, T H AU - Strieder, W C AU - Wolf, E E AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 2: PHYSICS OF ICE AND SNOW AT THE INTERFACE WITH TRANSITWAY SURFACES PY - 1981/09 SP - 191 p. AB - This report is one volume of a nine-volume report associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objective of the program is to improve existing transportation operations during severe cold ice and snow environments and to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of the system in severe winter conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. This volume addresses the fundamental properties of materials which are affected by ice and snow in transit system normal operation. It presents basic research results in eight areas which focus on the fundamental information necessary to deal with the effects of ice and snow on transit systems. These eight areas are identified candidates for basic work which will lead to improvement in systems operation: Detection of Ice and Frost Formation; Near Ground Level Icing; The Thermal (Infrared) Properties of Ice; System Operation in Cold Weather; Patina Formation Studies; Ice Nucleation and Adhesion on Metals; Heat Transfer in Metal Surfaces; and Iceophobics/Anti-Icing Coatings. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Detectors KW - Frost KW - Ice KW - Operations KW - Snow UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373802 AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/09 SP - 44 p. AB - The expansion and need for urban mass transportation systems caused by the cumulative pressures of urban congestion, auto pollution, and energy shortages, coupled with the severe winters of 1977-1978 and 1978-1979, highlighted the operational problems of transit systems in cold weather. In answer to this need, the United States Congress authorized the initiation of the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program to improve transit operations during severe cold ice and snow environments. The CWTT program is being implemented by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) through a grant to the University of Notre Dame with the Vought Corporation as the principal contractor. The program thrust was initially directed to solutions for Automated Guideway Transit system cold weather problems in support of the Downtown People Mover (DPM) program. However, curtailment of the DPM program late in the reporting period caused UMTA to redirect the focus of the program to obtaining solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. This redirection is now being implemented under a program extension. This report is the Executive Summary of a nine-volume report associated with the CWTT program. The report documents work accomplished on the program during the period from 1 January 1980 through 30 June 1981. This summary has been prepared to outline the significant accomplishments of the program made during the reporting period. The major cold weather transit problems addressed by this program are: 1) loss of vehicle traction; 2) loss of communication and/or power due to the accumulation on power/signal transmission rails; and 3) system malfunctions caused by vehicle and wayside equipment freeze-ups. KW - Adhesion KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Ice KW - Operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Reliability KW - Snow KW - Third rail KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371597 AU - Katona, M G AU - Strandhagen, A G AU - Lauer, K L AU - WAGNER, D AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 5: TRANSIT WAY DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR IMPROVING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER COLD WEATHER CONDITIONS PY - 1981/09 SP - 42 p. AB - This report is one volume of a nine-volume interim report associated with the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program. The interim report documents work accomplished on this program during the period from 1 January 1980 through 30 September 1981. The objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of urban mass transportation systems in severe winter weather conditions. Efforts to accomplish the objective are directed at advanced technology approaches to develop weather-tolerant vehicles and systems, new operational strategies, and new ice and snow prevention and removal mechanisms that can provide better ways to overcome problems presented by snow and ice. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems which operate in cold weather environments. This report addresses guideway/vehicle concepts and guideway/treadway materials. It is primarily concerned with rubber-tired vehicles on reinforced concrete guideways wherein ice and/or snow accumulation on the guideway surface impairs the normal operation of the vehicle by loss of traction. A major objective of this study is to identify and investigate feasible concepts for improving or modifying guideway designs to minimize the debilitating effects of ice and snow for automated guideway systems. A secondary objective includes a state-of-the-art literature review on physical properties of reinforced concrete with emphasis on ice and snow removal technology. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Concrete KW - Concrete guideways KW - Debonding KW - Deicing KW - Flexible guideways KW - Guideways KW - Operations KW - Snow removal KW - Structural analysis KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371598 AU - Yang, K T AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF ICE AND SNOW AT THE INTERFACE WITH TRANSIT VEHICLE SURFACES PY - 1981/09 SP - 86 p. AB - This report is one volume of a nine volume interim report associated with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program. The interim report documents program work accomplished from 1 January 1980 through 30 September 1981. The objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of urban mass transportation systems in severe winter weather conditions. The findings of this program are intended to assist administrators, designers, planners, operators, suppliers, and others involved in the design, implementation, and operation of mass transit systems that operate in cold weather environments. This report addresses two aspects of the effects of ice and snow on the transitway interface: 1) traction and rolling resistance, and 2) communication through thin ice layers. The objectives of Volume 3 are to generate data on the traction and rolling resistance for wheels on ice or snow covered roadways under controlled environmental conditions in the laboratory and also to develop useful scaling laws by which the laboratory data can be used to predict the corresponding characteristics for an actual AGT vehicle under severe cold weather conditions. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Frost damage KW - Operations KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rolling contact KW - Rolling resistance KW - Snow and ice control KW - Traction KW - Wheels KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winterization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371675 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Adler, T AU - Hyman, W AU - Dartmouth College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDE TO FORECASTING TRAVEL DEMAND WITH DIRECT UTILITY ASSESSMENT PY - 1981/09 SP - 280 p. AB - Direct utility assessment (DUA) is a demand modeling technique based on obtaining responses to a series of hypothetical situations that have been constructed using an experimental design. (The technique is also known as conjoint analysis.) The responses to the experiment are analyzed with multiple linear regression and can produce satisfactory models in many cases. It is possible to validate the regression models on actual data, and this second validation step is also discussed in this report. The validation uses a logit framework. This report presents an overview description of the DUA technique and its applications. The report also describes the construction of experimental designs, the development and administration of surveys, and the analysis of survey responses. Appendices A through D provide tables of plans, examples of pretested instruments, and sample programs for data analysis. In summary, the report outlines the fundamental approach to DUA model development. Other chapters of the report describe default models currently available for use by local agencies, and techniques of quick policy analysis using DUA. This manual is the first attempt in bringing DUA to the attention of local planners. The authors state that experience with DUA models suggests that they are able to play a useful role in forecasting and analyzing travel demand. DUA is well suited for forecasting such issues as energy policy, new transit services, and bike lanes. KW - Bikeways KW - Energy conservation KW - Logits KW - Manuals KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Regression analysis KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184969 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371596 AU - Lucey, J W AU - Cohn, D L AU - Turnipseed, S P AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 6: PLANNING FOR A NATIONAL CWTT RESEARCH CENTER PY - 1981/09 SP - 97 p. AB - This is one volume of a nine volume interim report of the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program. The objective of this program is to demonstrate the effectiveness of applying high technology to combat the problems encountered by mass transit systems in severe cold, ice and snow environments. The report presents information on the perceived need for a CWTT center that provides industry, government, and the public evaluative information regarding performance of public transportation equipment. The report describes survey data supportive of a national research and engineering center developed as part of the CWTT Program under a federal grant to the University of Notre Dame. It describes the Center's possible uses, facilities, staff requirements, site selection criteria, and a proposed management structure. In addition, a projection of probable funding requirements has been included. The Center accommodates full-scale indoor and outdoor testing of various forms of ground transportation vehicles and components. It would be a center for aircraft icing studies. Facilities would be available to private industry to test oil exploration and production equipment, electric power transmission systems, satellite communications antennas, and various other devices that must tolerate winter weather. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Frost damage KW - Operations KW - Research projects KW - Snow and ice control KW - Test facilities KW - Winter UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366962 AU - Sage Management Consultants AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER ASSISTED SCHEDULING, SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1981/09 SP - 138 p. AB - This study inventoried and reviewed the scheduling functions at the bus, rapid transit and commuter rail lines of New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority, looking at the computerized systems currently being developed by the 6 subsidiary agencies. Other Computer Assisted Scheduling Systems (CASS) were also examined, as well as related procedures which might effectively interface with CASS. CASS was then assessed in terms of its applicability to MTA applications. It was found that CASS was proceeding well at MTA rail properties, with general acceptance and anticipated benefits. While off-the-shelf programs are available for bus properties, little use was being made by MTA surface operators even though there is high potential for such application. A pilot program was suggested for Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA), to be followed by more general usage. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Commuter bus services KW - Computer assisted scheduling systems KW - Information processing KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366746 AU - Schneider, J B AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AND THE POLYCENTRIC CITY PY - 1981/09 SP - 294 p. AB - The role of transit in aiding the implementation of regional land use plans that call for the creation of major diversified centers in the outer city is investigated. The polycentric city concept is defined and illustrated by reference to regional planning work in the Twin Cities of Minnesota and several other U.S. cities. Arguments for and against the concept are outlined and the results of a survey relating to the present status of the concept in 48 metropolitan areas are presented. An evaluation framework is developed and applied in visits to 14 American, two Canadian, and one English urban region. The most interesting work on this topic was found in Vancouver, B.C., and Toronto, Ontario. Other interesting work has been done in the Twin Cities and Denver. The results of the field work are summarized and 18 specific examples of noteworthy progress toward the development of outer city centers of significant scale are described. A discussion of the national potential for outer city centers is developed from several perspectives. KW - Canada KW - Cities KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Evaluation KW - Land use planning KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Polycentric cities KW - Regional planning KW - United Kingdom UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56591/transitpolycent8133jerr_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368187 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - QUEENS SUBWAY EXPANSION PROGRAM (WOODSIDE) PY - 1981/09 SP - 93 p. AB - As part of establishing a new express subway line from midtown Mahattan to southeast Queens Borough, there would be an expansion of the Woodside Avenue station facilities. This study considers that expansion and the potential impacts on the surrounding community. The broad objective is integration of transit, vehicular and pedestrian environments while implementing strategies which will maximize the benefits of those expanded station facilities and amenities for all users, both inside and outside the new transit environment. KW - City planning KW - Communities KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feeder buses KW - Interchanges KW - Interchanges and intersections KW - Location KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346737 AU - Rock, S M AU - Illinois Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT OF TRANSIT SERVICES FINANCING PY - 1981/09 SP - 169 p. AB - The final problems of mass transit have become increasingly severe in recent years. Operating costs have increased far faster than farebox revenues. This has led transit systems to place increasing reliance on subsidies. A number of important considerations surface in this regard. These include appropriateness of subsidies, fairness of allocating subsidies among different modes or geographic areas, legal restrictions, political constraints, etc. Notably absent from most discussions of transit finance is the issue of how different income groups would be affected by a transit system change (operational, investment or financial). The focus of this research is to identify relevant socioeconomic profiles of who pays and who benefits. Since these groups will usually differ, there may result a redistribution of income from those who pay to those who benefit. Knowledge of redistributive impacts is important for public analysis. KW - Culvert pressure KW - Culverts KW - Economics KW - Financing KW - Income KW - Operating costs KW - Physical distribution KW - Pressure KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365238 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN/TRANSIT MALL STUDY. VOLUME 1 PY - 1981/09 SP - 35 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to define a method for assessing the nature of right-of-way requirements, and to devise a systematic approach toward right-of-way design that promotes a maximum of mobility with environmental and economic enhancement. This report is comprised of 3 parts. Part 1 establishes a classification of city streets and their functions, and identifies general objectives for use of the public right-of-way. Part 2 discusses the concept of a pedestrian/transit mall, and identifies criteria and an analytical framework for developing a systematic approach to determining the appropriate needs and applications of pedestrian/transit improvements to the public right-of-way. Part 3 presents pedestrian flow density scales in relation to design solutions desired, and offers some general guidelines to consider in pedestrian/transit mall implementation. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Portland, Oregon are three states that have created pedestrian/transit malls using similar analytic techniques. A discussion of the merits of each can be found in the report titled Streets for Pedestrians and Transit: An Evaluation of Three Transit Malls in the U.S., February 1979 (PB 295728, A12). KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Economic impacts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guidelines KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Pedestrians KW - Right of way KW - Shopping centers KW - Sidewalks KW - Streets KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transit malls KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364935 AU - Rosenbloom, S AU - Schlessinger, C AU - Dittmar, H AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RIDERSHIP PATTERNS IN TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1981/09 SP - 307 p. AB - The study is designed to synthesize and assess what is known about the ridership response of target groups like the elderly, handicapped, and low-income groups to the provision of various transportation services and options. The purpose of this work is to help local agencies understand the travel patterns common to clients facing a number of different travel options. This report is organized into three parts. Part 1 describes the background of the study, the organization of the work undertaken and analyzes the available literature on special target groups such as the elderly and handicapped. Part 2 describes a comprehensive study of the impact of specialized transportation services provided to the clients of a large social service agency in Austin, Texas. This study generated working hypotheses to test four additional case studies, namely: Brockton, Massachusetts; Houston, Texas; Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. The report provides descriptions of the four case studies as well as general conclusions made about the ridership patterns, trip characteristics, and financial arrangements of these coordination experiences. Part 3 examines the growing body of empirical literature on the experiences of a number of systems providing specialized services to target populations. Using the perspectives and observations first generated in Part 2, the study makes general conclusions about the ridership patterns of similar agency systems in other communities. KW - Aged KW - Low income groups KW - Massachusetts KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Travel KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177166 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364916 AU - Ablamsky, R A AU - King, C M AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROPULSION ALTERNATIVES FOR SUBURBAN RAIL CORRIDORS PY - 1981/09 SP - 137 p. AB - This study examined 5 propulsion alternatives to extending existing capital-intensive electrification and using additional electric multiple-unit (MU) cars. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify alternatives to existing electric MU cars and diesel locomotive hauled trains used for commuter rail service in the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut region, (2) to evaluate each alternative in terms of performance capability, reliability, and other technical factors or constraints, (3) to develop capital and operating cost data for each alternative and type of electrification, and (4) to compare each baseline electrification system with feasible propulsion alternatives. The following propulsion alternatives were compared: dual-powered locomotive, alternating current locomotive, direct current locomotive, and dual-powered MU car. KW - Alternating current KW - Alternating current motors KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Diesel electric locomotives KW - Direct current KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric batteries KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Electric power KW - Electric railroads KW - Electrical systems KW - Flywheels KW - Gas turbines KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364879 AU - Buck, R E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTER PROGRAM (HEVSIM) FOR HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY AND PERFORMANCE SIMULATION. VOLUME II: USERS' MANUAL PY - 1981/09 SP - 78 p. AB - Volume II is the second volume of a three volume document describing the computer program HEVSIM for use with buses and heavy duty trucks. This volume is a user's manual describing how to prepare data input and execute the program. A strong effort has been made to prepare this manual from a user's viewpoint. Sample cases have been included to illustrate the various simulation methods available, and the most frequently used HEVSIM options. KW - Buses KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - Engines KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gear drives KW - Gears KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle drive systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Simulation KW - Tires KW - Transmissions KW - Truck engines KW - Trucks KW - User needs KW - Vehicle drive systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364878 AU - Buck, R E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTER PROGRAM (HEVSIM) FOR HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY AND PERFORMANCE SIMULATION. VOLUME I: DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS PY - 1981/09 SP - 26 p. AB - This report presents a description of a vehicle simulation program, which can determine the fuel economy and performance of a specified motor vehicle over a defined route as it executes a given driving schedule. Vehicle input accommodated by HEVSIM include accessories, engine, rear axle, converter, transmission, tires, aerodynamic drag coefficient, and shift logic. The report consists of three volumes. Volume I presents a description of the numerical approach and equations, Volume II is a user's manual, and Volume III contains the program listings. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - Engines KW - Equations KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gear drives KW - Gears KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Manuals KW - Motor vehicle drive systems KW - Simulation KW - Tires KW - Transmissions KW - Truck engines KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle drive systems KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364880 AU - Buck, R E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPUTER PROGRAM (HEVSIM) FOR HEAVY DUTY VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY AND PERFORMANCE SIMULATION. VOLUME III: APPENDICES A THROUGH F PY - 1981/09 SP - 319 p. AB - Volume III is the third and last volume of a three volume document describing the computer program HEVSIM. This volume includes appendices which list the HEVSIM program, sample part data, some typical outputs and updated nomenclature. KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Drag KW - Engines KW - Fuel consumption KW - Gear drives KW - Gears KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Motor vehicle drive systems KW - Simulation KW - Tires KW - Transmissions KW - Truck engines KW - Trucks KW - Vehicle drive systems KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347902 AU - Pawlak, R J AU - Snow, R M AU - Metcalf, M E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY, 1975-1980, WITH EMPHASIS ON SAFETY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PY - 1981/09 SP - 227 p. AB - The bibliography provides a comprehensive review of published literature concerning rail transit safety and includes 186 annotated entries. The report covers domestic and foreign material on rail transit safety and related safety research and development. The Bibliography is concerned with safety aspects of the design and functioning of operating transit systems. Among the topics covered are train accidents (collisions, crashworthiness, derailments, and fires); evacuations; patron safety on and off trains; trespassers; and safety management. Because of its operational emphasis, the scope of this Bibliography does not include documents which deal exclusively with safety practices during facility construction, security against crime, or commuter rail. KW - Bibliographies KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Development KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Prevention KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Subways KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347885 AU - Daley, D M AU - Leonard, E T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY PY - 1981/09 SP - 35 p. AB - The Rail Transit Safety 1980 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of rapid rail transit (RRT) accident/incident and casualty statistics reported by 11 RRT proprties--Bay Area Rapid Transit District, Chicago Transit Authority, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Metropolitan Atlanta Regional Transit Authority, New York City Transit Authority, Port Authority Transit Corporation, Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority, and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. KW - Casualties KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347748 AU - Boyce, D E AU - Romanos, M C AU - Janson, B N AU - Prastacos, P AU - Ferris, M AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION ENERGY ACCOUNTS. VOLUME I - PROCEDURES. VOLUME II - CASE STUDY OF THE CHICAGO REGION PY - 1981/09 SP - 255 p. AB - This manual describes procedures for compiling a set of urban transportation energy accounts. These procedures deal specifically with ground-mode person travel in an urbanized area but could be generalized to other modes, commodities and regions. There are several significant differences between these procedures and methods used by other studies to estimate the energy consumption of urban person trips. First, these procedures produce estimates of both direct and indirect energy consumption. Second, energy consumption is computed by mode for each origin-destination pair of zones. Third, automobile speeds and transit vehicle occupancies calculated for individual link flows are used to estimate energy consumption per person trip over each zone-to-zone trip path. Link flows are obtained from the use of trip assignment models in the UTPS or PLANPAC transportation planning computer software. KW - Automobiles KW - Bus lines KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Currents KW - Energy consumption KW - Estimating KW - Fuel consumption KW - Information processing KW - Link volume KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Origin and destination KW - Passenger transportation KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345780 AU - Bodin, L AU - Golden, B AU - Assad, A AU - Ball, M AU - University of Maryland, College Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATE OF THE ART IN THE ROUTING AND SCHEDULING OF VEHICLES AND CREWS PY - 1981/09 SP - 413 p. AB - This study rests on a fundamental consideration in the distribution of goods, namely, the determination of the most effective and efficient way to transport goods from plant to warehouses to customers. The main focus of this study is on vehicle/crew routing and scheduling. Related problems such as location, districting, and clustering are not discussed in detail. This report presents the state of the art in routing and scheduling of vehicles and crews. It discusses the theoretical bases surrounding many of the problems, and describes in detail many routing and scheduling applications. The report provides a classification of routing and scheduling problems according to their underlying characteristics; discusses many of the issues in implementation; and includes a comprehensive bibliography of references (more than 500 citations) relating to routing and scheduling. This report also presents conclusions and future research topics that include 1) a discussion of the prospects for using routing and scheduling models within real-world settings, and 2) a list of possible directions of future research in the area of routing and scheduling. The authors state that organizations are just starting to realize the potential for savings resulting from the automation of their routing and scheduling activities. They also advocate the development of general purpose computer software systems that would include a flexible interactive user interface, and a data-base system that is easy to understand and manipultate. (UMTA) KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Advanced driver information systems KW - Automation KW - Crews KW - Freight traffic KW - Management information systems KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - State of the art studies KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171165 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345366 AU - Rock, S M AU - Illinois Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE REDISTRIBUTIVE IMPACT OF TRANSIT SERVICES FINANCING PY - 1981/09 SP - 168 p. AB - Concern over the increasing financial problems of mass transit and the search for new sources of revenues generated this study. This study focuses on the question of who are the financial providers and the primary beneficiaries of public transit. The redistributive impacts of public transit are important not only because they concern the income groups that pay vis-a-vis the income groups that benefit, but also because the distribution of costs and benefits are often a source of political conflict. The purpose of this report is to compare the socioeconomic profiles of these groups considering a transit investment, service change or financial mechanism. This report presents an up-to-date literature survey of the sources of transit financing (both single and multiple sources). It then examines "who pays" from each financing source. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and the public finance literature, this burden (incidence) is explored and analyzed. The primary beneficiaries of transit are identified and classified, and the relationship between different fare policies, subsidies, and their impact on families at different income levels is examined. The report suggests a framework for determining the redistributive impact of a transit investment, service change or financing mechanism. The report states that choosing a financing source or replacing one with another will affect the profile of who pays. Most sources place a relatively greater burden on the poor (particularly transit fares). By comparing the profiles of who pays with who benefits, redistribution can be inferred, and the knowledge used to minimise adverse impacts. This report contains a list of references and conclusions. (UMTA) KW - Income KW - Physical distribution KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Sources KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462111 AU - Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission AU - Georgia Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHATHAM URBAN TRANSPORTATION STUDY. ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM. FY 1981 ACTIVITIES PY - 1981/08 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents a description of the effort undertaken in the CUTS area to improve elderly and handicapped transportation services during FY 1981. The Section 504 update provides an overview of the improvements locally implemented under the 1979 guidelines and is not reflective of the recent change in the requirements. The special transportation section highlights the initial endeavors of the community to apply coordination strategies in the provision of elderly and handicapped transportation services. An appendix documenting the work performed is also included in the report. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Georgia KW - Government regulations KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public relations KW - Regulations KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392924 AU - Malkowski, K W AU - Transportation Accounting Consortium AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Office of Human Development Services TI - TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING CONSORTIUM: AN OVERVIEW PY - 1981/08 SP - 13 p. AB - Recent years have seen a growing effort at federal, state, and local levels to facilitate coordination of transportation services among the various programs to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of this support service. Many significant barriers have been identified, including the separate, overlapping or contradictory administrative requirements among the programs whose transportation is to be coordinated. The overhead costs of maintaining several billing methods, dealing with separate financial audits, separately verifying client eligibility and certifying that service was provided threaten to offset the efficiencies and economies realized by coordinating client transportation services. This study is an attempt to refine the overall approach to accounting problems for these agencies and develop a comprehensive demonstration project. KW - Accounting KW - Auditing KW - Coordination KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Interagency relations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377050 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT, URBAN RAIL PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1981/08 SP - 24 p. AB - There are numerous opportunities for substantial cost reduction through improved management and contracting in urban rail transit construction. UMTA has sponsored research in management structure and planning and in the contractual and insurance relationships with contractors. Faced with subway construction costs of up to $100 million per mile, UMTA finds that efficiencies in management and construction contracting can substantially reduce costs. The results of a series of research projects in 5 areas are summarized: Management structure and Process; Management Plans; Contracts; Risk Allocation; Insurance. KW - Construction projects KW - Contracts KW - Cost control KW - Insurance KW - Management KW - Project management KW - Risk analysis KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190838 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369167 AU - Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Georgia Department of Transportation TI - CHATHAM URBAN TRANSPORTATION STUDY. COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE PROGRAM PY - 1981/08 SP - 22 p. AB - The Commuter Transportation Brokerage Program, an initial attempt to introduce ridesharing alternatives to Chatham County, Ga., residents, was to determine the feasibility of instituting such a community-based project to selected portions of the County. Chosen was an area not served by the Savannah Transit Authority and with a commute distance of approximately 10 miles to the central business district with substantial traffic congestion during peak hours. An analysis and evaluation of methods used to promote the project over 4 months in 1981 is included. Recommendations for future work in promoting ridesharing are also incorporated. KW - Advertising KW - Brokerage KW - Carpools KW - Marketing KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Savannah (Georgia) KW - Television KW - Traffic surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/182905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00369166 AU - Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission AU - Savannah Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Georgia Department of Transportation TI - CHATHAM URBAN TRANSPORTATION TRANSIT MARKETING ASSISTANCE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM STUDY PY - 1981/08 SP - 47 p. AB - The transit marketing demonstration program undertaken by the Chatham County-Savannah Metropolitan Planning Commission and the Savannah Transit Authority consisted of mailing detailed information on services available to residents of specific target neighborhoods or areas. While 1980 ridership had risen for this eastern Georgia city, STA has had only a minimal and sporadic budget for transit advertising, promotion and marketing. Rather than using mass media for dissemination of general information to a large general area at significant cost, the targeted mailing approach was chosen. There were four specific objectives: (1) Establish a comprehensive name and address file of all households and businesses in the service area; (2) Develop capability of easily selecting from the general file the names and addresses of target areas such as an individual transit route, individual neighborhoods, or census tracts served by one or more transit routes; (3) Test the ADMATCH (Address Matching) System, a Bureau of Census computer system adapted for local community planning; (4) Use this capability to mail recently developed schedules and promotional materials of selected areas comprising 3,000 households or businesses. KW - Bus routes KW - Census KW - Computer programs KW - Marketing KW - Neighborhoods KW - Promotional materials KW - Ridership KW - Savannah (Georgia) KW - Timetables UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/182904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346106 AU - Kwok, B S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A METHODOLOGY TO ESTIMATE PASSENGER FLOW: RIVERSIDE LINE, MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY, BOSTON, MA PY - 1981/08 SP - 55 p. AB - The work documented in this report represents part of an endeavor to develop improvements in management techniques to operate local transit systems more efficiently and economically. In particular, the ability to accurately ascertain route specific passenger flows or passenger demands has become essential for adequate resource allocation and scheduling of transit runs. This raises the requirement to develop an optimal survey procedure for the estimation of passenger profiles/distributions along the route. The report presents the results and description of a methodology to collect boarding and deboarding passenger data on the Riverside Line of the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority and to estimate for each station along the route an average passenger flow profile by half-hourly time periods. Such profiles can then be fed into a scheduling model which simulates and accommodates passenger congestion at various points in time. It is a culmination of several small-scale passenger surveys and a statistical model employing indicator variables and the survey data to estimate the station and time factors for the derivation of average flow rates per minute. The results prove that relatively inexpensive sampling techniques can result in acceptable estimates of ridership by route. KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Management KW - Massachusetts KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger flow KW - Passenger traffic KW - Profiles KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Surveys KW - Systems management KW - Traffic flow KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171352 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346105 AU - Kwok, B S AU - Jordon, L M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MBTA (MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSIT AUTHORITY) PASSENGER DEMAND ANALYSES, 1977 PY - 1981/08 SP - 47 p. AB - The study was undertaken for the calibration and analysis of the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) passenger data to be used as an input to the main operational performance simulation model that is being developed. A survey was made of the number of passengers using the Highland Branch of the MBTA Green Line. All of the PCC streetcars on that line were to be replaced by new light rail vehicles within the year. Analysis of the data confirmed a "market share" theory for the stations and suggested that fairly sparse sampling could yield estimates of total passenger movement acceptable at the 90 percent confidence level. KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Management KW - Markets KW - Massachusetts KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Profiles KW - Routes KW - Simulation KW - Surveys KW - Systems management KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367424 AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PATH CAR EQUIPMENT DIVISION WORK METHODS AND MANPOWER UTILIZATION STUDY--PHASE 2 PY - 1981/08 SP - 178 p. AB - Port-Authority Trans-Hudson operates 298 rapid transit cars in services between northern New Jersey and New York City. Approximately 200/persons are employed and servicing of these cars at Jersey City and other points. This report presents the results of industrial engineering analyses and observations at the Car Shop and field locations aimed at improvements in car inspection and car repair productivity and manpower utilization. A revised management information system is also presented which should minimize clerical and administrative paperwork, enabling management and supervisory staff to do more professional work while providing them with timely information. KW - Industrial engineering KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Productivity KW - Rapid transit cars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368207 AU - Chui, M K AU - Buffington, J L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A GENERALIZED APPROACH TO EVALUATING IMPACTS OF SHORT RANGE TRANSIT ALTERNATIVES PY - 1981/08 SP - 153 p. AB - Demand for better transportation rises as a city grows. Often transportation officials are faced with the necessity of choosing one improvement over several other alternatives proposed. The recommended impact evaluation approach outlined in the interim report is fully developed in this study. It utilizes the three commonly used evaluation methods: the economic efficiency method for evaluating monetary impacts; the cost effectiveness method for nonmonetary impacts; and the scoring method for assigning categorical and subcategorical weights. Ratios of benefits received by users and nonusers to costs spent by a transit system are rated within each impact subcategories. The ratings are further weighted by the weights assigned to arrive at scores which can be summed up to yield the overall total scores for the alternatives which, in turn, determine the ranking of alternatives. Unit cost estimation techniques and data requirements for impact evaluation are presented. Subjectiveness involved in the scoring method is believed to be kept to a minimum by the requirement of preliminary studies on relevant areas and by the weight assignment procedures. Double counting is expected to be avoided by the introduction of a separate impact category, namely, the society impacts. It is hoped that the recommended impact evaluation approach can better serve transportation officials in their decision-making process. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic analysis KW - Public transit KW - Scoring KW - Scoring (Concrete) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366744 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Marshall, K R AU - Urbanik, Thomas AU - FITZGERALD, A V AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION OF HUMAN SERVICES TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS PY - 1981/08 SP - 115 p. AB - This report expands upon an earlier research effort which reviewed several human services transportation programs in Texas and recommends an Evaluation Procedure and a Monitoring System for consideration by various human services agencies. The Evaluation Procedure is designed to be flexible to meet specific program needs while accomplishing the objective of allowing human services agencies to evaluate existing or alternative transportation services. The proposed Monitoring System presents a three level reporting system utilizing uniform accounting definitions and data elements. A test of the suggested Monitoring System on the human services transportation programs surveyed during the first phase of this research effort indicates that approximately one-third of the suggested performance indicators. KW - Evaluation KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Social service agencies KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00348013 AU - Attanucci, J AU - BURNS, I AU - Wilson, N AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS TRANSIT MONITORING MANUAL. VOLUME 1: DATA COLLECTION DESIGN PY - 1981/08 SP - 166 p. AB - Many transit operators have adopted sets of service performance measures and standards and have developed plans to use them in a systematic evaluation. In some cases, however, transit operators have not been able to implement the measures and standards because they have had difficulty in developing a cost-effective system to collect the needed information. To assist these operators, the Office of Planning Assistance of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, through its Special Studies Program, has sponsored a study in data collection. This two-volume manual is the product of this study and it documents a method to develop comprehensive statistically-based data collection programs that will enable transit operators to collect passenger-related data in a cost-effective manner. The objective of the bus transit monitoring study is to develop this method in order for the bus transit industry to support the short range planning process. The two volumes of this manual document this method and provide transit operators with step-by-step procedures to develop their own individually-tailored programs. This volume, Volume 1, explains the various components of a comprehensive, route-level data collection program, beginning with the determination of data needs and finishing with interpretation of the data. A two-stage approach is described with a baseline phase to produce detailed profiles for each bus route, and a monitoring phase to gather limited data on a periodic basis. The advantages and disadvantages of various data collection techniques are discussed in the report. Both the desired accuracy and the inherent variability of the data items are incorporated in the selection of a sampling plan. Allowance is made for the use of simple linear relationships between data items to reduce the overall cost of the data collection program where feasible. The recommended data collection program is shown to meet UMTA Section 15 reporting requirements for passenger-related data. (UMTA) KW - Bus transportation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Standards KW - Statistics KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56353/bustransitmonit0990mult_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364909 AU - Bentzen, B L AU - Jackson, R M AU - Peck, A F AU - Boston College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INFORMATION ABOUT VISUAL IMPAIRMENT FOR ARCHITECTS AND TRANSIT PLANNERS. VOLUME II: IMPROVING COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1981/08 SP - 64 p. AB - Architects, transit planners, engineers, and others who design transit facilities and transportation vehicles need to be aware of the range of abilities and disabilities present in persons who ride transit. Consideration of the human performance capabilities and the unique needs of riders who do not conform to 'average' specifications can lead to the planning of vehicles and facilities which are accessible to a much greater number of potential users. This document presents information pertinent to a general understanding of visual impairment and the visually impaired, as well as specific information on the characteristics of accommodations which are typically made for this population. The document presents a collection of reports prepared as part of a project which studied communication with the visually impaired in rail rapid transit systems. The reports contained within this document should be of help to architects and transit planners who are attempting to design environments which are free of barriers to the visually handicapped. KW - Aged KW - Architectural barriers KW - Availability KW - Blindness KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Communications KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs KW - Vehicle design KW - Visually impaired persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364908 AU - Bentzen, B L AU - Jackson, R M AU - Peck, A F AU - Boston College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS OF VISUALLY IMPAIRED USERS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSIT. VOLUME I: IMPROVING COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1981/08 SP - 273 p. AB - The report describes the results of a project to study improved communications with the visually impaired in rail rapid transit systems. The purpose of the study was: (1) to analyze the problems visually impaired persons encounter as they attempt to utilize rapid rail; (2) to identify strategies that remedy these problems; and (3) to suggest methods for communicating with the visually impaired. Results of the study are presented in the following areas: (1) background information about visually impaired persons; (2) problems in accessibility to rail rapid transit by the visually handicapped; (3) suggested methods for improving communications with the visually impaired in rail rapid transit; and (4) estimated reactions to the implementation of solutions. The suggested methods for improving communications fall within the following categories: (1) signage and other print information; (2) graphic information; (3) auditory information; (4) textural information; (5) special equipment designs; (6) architectural designs; and (7) operating procedures. Suggestions from these categories are presented according to a sequential trip format in which a hypothetical route from system entrance to system exit is traced. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Architectural barriers KW - Availability KW - Blindness KW - Communicating KW - Communication KW - Communications KW - Equipment KW - Information systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Passenger information systems KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Supply KW - Tactile perception KW - User needs KW - Visually impaired persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00348014 AU - Attanucci, J AU - BURNS, I AU - Wilson, N AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS TRANSIT MONITORING MANUAL. VOLUME 2: SAMPLE SIZE TABLES PY - 1981/08 SP - 330 p. AB - Many transit operators have adopted sets of service performance measures and standards and have developed plans to use them in a systematic evaluation. In some cases, however, transit operators have not been able to implement the measures and standards because they have had difficulty in developing a cost-effective system to collect the needed information. To assist these operators, the Office of Planning Assistance of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), through its Special Studies Program, has sponsored a study in data collection. This two-volume manual is the product of this study and it documents a method to develop comprehensive statistically-based data collection programs that will enable transit operators to collect passenger-related data in a cost-effective manner. The objective of the bus transit monitoring study is to develop this method so that the bus transit industry will support the short range planning process. The two volumes of the manual document this method and provide transit operators with step-by-step procedures to develop their own individually-tailored programs. This volume, Volume 2, provides an extensive set of tables for determining sample sizes for systems and routes of varying size and operating characteristics. A two-stage approach is described with a baseline phase to produce detailed profiles for each bus route, and a monitoring phase to gather limited data on a periodic basis. The advantages and disadvantages of various data collection techniques are discussed in the report. Both the desired accuracy and the inherent variability of the data items are incorporated in the selection of a sampling plan. Allowance is made for the use of simple linear relationships between data items to reduce the overall cost of the data collection program where feasible. The recommended data collection program is shown to meet UMTA Section 15 reporting requirements for passenger-related data. (UMTA) KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Monitoring KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Samples KW - Standards KW - Statistics KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56352/bustransitmonit0990mult_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346666 AU - Silvia, P J AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - Dynamics Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMATION PROGRAM: RELIABILITY VERIFICATION DEMONSTRATION PLAN FOR RAPID RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1981/08 SP - 118 p. AB - The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national Data Bank. This Data Bank collects, stores, and analyzes data generated by transit operators during the course of revenue service operation and equipment maintenance. The results of the periodic analysis of the stored data are distributed to TRIP participants and users. This report provides a description of the utilization of TRIP as a tool for conducting a Reliability Verification Demonstration Plan for rapid rail vehicles. KW - Databases KW - Equipment KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Guidelines KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Transit reliability information program (Trip) KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346057 AU - Andrle, S J AU - Spielberg, F AU - Hungerbuhler, A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - OPERATING COSTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MINIBUSES PY - 1981/08 SP - 110 p. AB - There has been considerable interest in minibuses over the last ten years as the public transit industry has introduced innovative services and emphasized special services to elderly and handicapped persons. This report presents an analysis of minibus operating characteristics based on operating data obtained from transit operators which use minibuses. Eleven operators were contacted, and useful data were obtained from seven. The focus of this evaluation is on fixed-route transit applications of minibuses. The intent of this analysis is to identify the costs of operating minibuses and the manner in which these costs vary. The report also seeks to clarify the conditions in which minibuses are the most cost-effective buses to operate. Representative cost and operating statistics are shown for prototypical applications of minibuses in environments found to be appropriate. The report does not emphasize minibus vehicle types which have consistently proved disappointing in transit service, but focuses instead on heavier duty models that are now favored by most minibus operators. This study found that if a minibus is the appropriate vehicle to utilize according to the criteria developed in the report, it makes little difference from a long-term point-of-view whether purpose-built or medium-duty vehicles are selected. The costs are the same for all intents and purposes. However, even though life cycle costs are essentially equal between medium-duty and purpose-built coaches, transit operators prefer purpose-built because of the day-to-day operating advantages. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fixed routes KW - Minibuses KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346130 AU - Hanna, A N AU - Portland Cement Association AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY STUDY OF AT-GRADE CONCRETE SLAB TRACK FOR URBAN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1981/08 SP - 224 p. AB - The report presents work conducted to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of using concrete slab track systems for at-grade transit track. The functions of a rail transit track system are to guide railway vehicles and provide a safe and acceptable ride to passengers. Traditionally, a track system with cross ties and ballast has been used for at-grade construction. Such track systems utilize wood, monoblock concrete, or two-block concrete ties. These track systems undergo permanent deformation during loading due principally to consolidation and degradation of ballast that occurs during track life. Therefore, maintenance operations are required periodically to provide proper surface and alignment. Improved track systems with superior capabilities to those of conventional track provide possible solutions to problems of continuing and costly track maintenance. A slab track system consisting of a continuous concrete support, sub-base, and compacted subgrade, is one example of such improved track system. Rails are secured to the concrete support using fasteners that provide restraint to rail movements and therefore, ensure proper gage and alignment. Experience with concrete slab track systems in foreign countries has shown that such track systems result in decreased maintenance and increased reliability of service. This experience has also indicated a generally higher initial cost of slab track. This report presents a world-wide review of details and performance of slab track projects and compares features of slab track systems with those of conventional ballasted track. Methods of constructing slab track systems and a cost comparison between slab and ballasted track systems are discussed. Recommendations for future research efforts related to the development of at-grade concrete slab track systems are also presented. KW - Alignment KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Canada KW - Concrete KW - Concrete slab track KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Deterioration KW - Fasteners KW - France KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Germany KW - Initial cost KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Netherlands KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Research KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Slabs KW - Spain KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Technology assessment KW - Track deterioration KW - Track gauge KW - Track laying KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365415 AU - Watkins, R H AU - Wolfe, W R AU - Price, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM LEXICON PY - 1981/07/06 SP - 153 p. AB - Created as a dictionary reference for the user of the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS), this lexicon is a glossary of nearly 1000 words and phrases in common use among transportation planners who perform computer-aided analyses of multimodal transportation networks. Its principal purpose is to assist the user of the UTPS computer programs. It consists primarily of definitions of technical terms that appear in UTPS documentation. In addition, it contains some terms used in the definitions of the primary terms. Although this lexicon neither is nor intends to be exhaustive, it does nevertheless cover a very wide spectrum of the technical vernacular of the transportation planner. KW - Computer programming KW - Definitions KW - Dictionaries KW - Information processing KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01616156 AU - Nordstrom, Janet AU - Christiansen, Dennis L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Guidelines for Estimating Park-and-Ride Demand PY - 1981/07//Final Report SP - 94p AB - Numerous park-and-ride lots are being developed in Texas. This report develops techniques that can be used to estimate the ridership that will occur at park-and-ride lots. The data base used to develop these techniques is comprised of the experiences at the 35 existing park-and-ride lots in Texas. The demand estimation techniques presented are intended to be easy and inexpensive to apply and use only data that are readily available for urban areas in Texas. KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Bus terminals KW - Park and ride KW - Parking lots KW - Ridership KW - Texas KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas UR - http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/1064-1F.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1428889 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387985 AU - Dial, R B AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Intermetrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SDL: A SOFTWARE DESIGN LANGUAGE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/07 SP - v.p. AB - The Office of Methods and Support of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) develops and distributes computer software that aids local agencies in planning their transportation systems. This report describes a computer language designed to accommodate the continuing software development effort, namely, the Software Design Language (SDL). SDL is a block-structured, scoped, go-to-less language with strong type-checking. The blocks can be delimited either by an ALGOL-like BEGIN-END block structure or by a uniform indentation scheme of the subordinate statements in the block. The data types are based upon Pascal's structured data types and upon Simula 67's abstract structured data types. SDL also contains facilities for scientific calculations, logical decisions, database manipulations and report generations. There are FOR, WHILE, and UNTIL control structures, as well as IF-THEN-ELSE and CASE constructs for decision control. Decision table constructs are added to permit a concise, tabular specification of complex conditional logic. The report writer feature permits specification of output reports by means of a two-dimensional layout depicting the actual form of the printed results. In addition, SDL provides its users with: top down structure, I/O features, multi-word names, treatment of shared (common) data, separate compilation, and a run time library. KW - Computer programs KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384662 AU - Metropolitan Dade County AU - Transmax, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTER ASSISTED ROUTING, SCHEDULING, DISPATCHING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (CARSD/MIS) PROJECT PY - 1981/07 SP - 116 p. AB - Volume 1 of the CARSD/MIS Systems Analysis Report describes paratransit operations in Dade County, Florida. The aim of the study was to determine the specific requirements for developing and implementing a CARSD/MIS in a large urban area. All social service agencies, including some private operators were contacted. The end product is a description of the system from the perspective of requirements for operation. Volume 2 of the CARSD/MIS Systems Analysis Report describes paratransit operations in geographic areas outside of Dade County, Florida. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Dispatching KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Routing KW - Shared ride KW - Social service agencies KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380779 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Long Island Rail Road TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION AND PROGRAMMING. REFERENCE MANUALS, VERSION II, VOLUMES I-IV PY - 1981/07 SP - 198 p. AB - The New York City Transit Authority Simulation System effectively and economically depicts the performance of the NYCTA. Results produced can be the basis for informed judgments concerning the modifications that should be made in equipment and schedules to provide safe, rapid and reliable transportation. The NYCTA Simulation System documentation consists of four volumes: Volume I--Reference Manual, contains a summary of the system's applications and features along with a description of the types of input data and instructions for running the programs and interpreting their output; Volume II--Data Preparation Manual, describes data conventions, coding formats and data checking utility program; Volume II--Program Design Manual, is divided into two sections, the first containing narrative descriptions of the components of the simulation system and the second with descriptions of the internal tables used by the various components; Volume IV--Program Listing Manual, is divided into three sections: Input Editor phase, Simulation phase, and Output Editor phase. KW - Computer programs KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Train operation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373815 AU - Dong, V S AU - Smith, Ruth M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHEELCHAIR SECUREMENT ON BUS AND PARATRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1981/07 SP - 160 p. AB - This report gives the results of 59 tests which evaluated the performance of wheelchair securement systems at various velocity and deceleration levels with a 50th percentile male dummy occupying the wheelchair. Manual and electric-powered chairs were placed in forward or side facing orientations. This report is a continuation of the April 1981 Interim Report, Wheelchair Securement on Bus and Paratransit Vehicles, PB 82-260431, A14. The initial report published the results of 42 tests in Phases I and II. In this report, Phases III and IV results are summarized and the conclusions are drawn from all four phases of testing. Ten wheelchair securement system tests were conducted in Phase III. In Phase IV, seven wheelchair securement system tests were conducted. This report discusses many of the problems associated with providing securement for wheelchairs and their users, as well as with setting up dynamic tests for securement systems and evaluating the test results. Recommendations are made for the development and improvement of securement systems to ensure a safe and reliable mode of transportation for the confined wheelchair users. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic tests KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety KW - Securement KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346133 AU - Bloch, A J AU - Pignataro, L J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DECENTRALIZATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1981/07 SP - 100 p. AB - The overall purpose of the study is to explore the opportunities and difficulties that are likely to occur during the near-term if a transition is to be made in terms of the "future directions of public transportation." The study examines the recent transportation planning and implementation experience in a number of urban areas in order to discern how well urban America is prepared for a likely future scenario of continued population decentralization. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - California KW - Decentralization KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Massachusetts KW - New York (State) KW - Population growth KW - Public transit KW - Rochester (New York) KW - San Jose (California) KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban growth KW - Urban population KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346132 AU - Bloch, A J AU - Pignataro, L J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DECENTRALIZATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/07 SP - 13 p. AB - The study examines the implications for public transportation of decentralization of population and employment within the nation's urban areas. Five case studies are examined in detail in terms of growth patterns, land use policies toward growth and decentralization, and the types of public transportation projects planned or implemented. The case study urban areas are identified as follows: (1) Relatively Declining Urban Areas--Boston, MA, and Rochester, NY; (2) Maturing Sun Belt Growth--Atlanta, GA; and (3) Booming Urban Areas--Tampa, FL, and San Jose, CA. It was found that most projects were planned with an incomplete or inaccurate understanding of decentralization patterns; were not usually in concert with land use objectives; and often reflected unrealistic expectations of what public transportation services can perform. The recommendations center around a reformulation of the relationship between land use policy and public transportation in the future. The report also presents recommendations for the future role of UMTA in the urban decentralization process. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - California KW - Decentralization KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Massachusetts KW - New York (State) KW - Population growth KW - Public transit KW - Rochester (New York) KW - San Jose (California) KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban growth KW - Urban population KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171376 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346135 AU - Donnelly, R M AU - Ong, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF DENVER RTD ROUTE RESTRUCTURING PROJECT PY - 1981/07 SP - 235 p. AB - In February 1978, the Denver Regional Transit District (RTD) eliminated the 25-cent off-peak fare and retained a 50 cent peak hour fare for bus boardings during the morning two-hour rush period and evening two-hour rush period. The experiment in innovative transit pricing continued for one year as a Federally-assisted demonstration project to determine the effects of free off-peak transit in a major urban area. During the demonstration, RTD also undertook a complete transformation of its network of bus routes and schedules. Following two years of planning, in September 1978, RTD accomplished the restructuring of its transit services from a network of mostly historic radial routes serving the old central business district to one more closely conformed to a grid system. This report summarizes the evaluation of the route restructuring project in Denver with respect to the implementation requirements of a major redesign of fixed-route transit services and its effects on: (1) travel behavior; (2) bus operations; (3) quality of service; (4) costs and revenues; (5) secondary effects on the environment; and (6) public support for transit services and improvements. The extensive data collection activities conducted by RTD as part of the demonstration, included transit operations monitoring, surveys of transit users onboard, and follow-up telephone. KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Environmental impacts KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Fixed routes KW - Fixed-route transit KW - Information processing KW - Level of service KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Peak periods KW - Prices KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Quality of service KW - Revenues KW - Routes KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171379 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346129 AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - TAXI REGULATORY REVISION IN SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA: BACKGROUND AND IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1981/07 SP - 224 p. AB - Starting in January, 1979, the San Diego City Council revised its paratransit regulations and began issuing 6 new taxi permits per month. As of July, 1979, the ratio of new permit issuance was increased to 15 per month. Effective August 1, 1979, the Council replaced the standard rate of fare with a maximum rate, up to which operators may charge what they choose. Other regulatory changes included abolition of the public convenience and necessity certification requirement; provision for fixed route and shared ride services; specification of an appeals process for denial, suspension or revocation of permits; and standardization of licensing fees, insurance and reporting requirements for all paratransit vehicles. This report summarizes the historical background and implementation of these regulatory changes, compares the old and new regulations and describes the local taxi industry prior to the regulatory revisions. KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Insurance KW - Laws and legislation KW - Licenses KW - Paratransit services KW - Permits KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Ridesharing KW - San Diego (California) KW - Taxi services KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366960 AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS STUDIES 1981--AN ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF BUS SERVICE PY - 1981/07 SP - 72 p. AB - The Bus Studies 1981 report is concerned with updating the bus studies completed by the MTC during the past ten years. During the seventies the MTC completed fourteen projects aimed at improving transit service and usage in the Twin Cities Metropolitan area, including eleven route-ridership improvement projects, a regional express bus network study, and downtown facilities studies. The Bus Studies 1981 report is a consolidated bus service plan that includes service guidelines and development criteria for passenger waiting shelters and park/ride facilities. Service recommendations from the fourteen prior studies were reviewed and those not yet implemented were analyzed to determine if they are currently valid. Those still valid were supplemented by other recommendations developed more recently by the MTC staff, for a total of 90 candidate service improvements. The candidate improvement projects are analyzed, given scores and ranked, resulting in a five-year bus service plan for the MTC. KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Evaluation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Minnesota KW - Park and ride KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178110 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367421 AU - Mundle, S R AU - Kret, E H AU - Levinsohm, D M AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPERATIONS PLANNING: EXISTING TRAINING COURSES PY - 1981/07 SP - 77 p. AB - This is the first interim report of the study entitled Development and Testing of a Training Course in Basic Transit Operations Planning. The purpose of the study is to develop a training course in applying transit operations planning skills and techniques. The authors believe that this document will be useful to transit systems in the design of their training programs. This interim report reviews and presents existing training materials available from transit operators, federal and state agencies, and universities and professional organizations. The purpose of this review is to identify available training courses and reference materials, and to examine the specific subject areas addressed by each. This review of training materials will be used in the development of a transit operations training course in subsequent tasks. The text of this report is accompanied by a series of appendices that contain profiles of the identified training courses. For each course, the following is provided: the sponsor; the name, address, and phone number of a contact person; the author(s); training objectives; course description and topic outline; and availability. Appendix A contains transit operator sponsored programs; Appendix B contains federal and state agency sponsored programs; Appendix C contains university sponsored programs; and Appendix D contains technical society and organization sponsored training programs. KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Scheduling KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343737 AU - Bender, J AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. DETAILED STATION MODEL FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION PY - 1981/07 SP - 48 p. AB - The Detailed Station Model (DSM) is a discrete event model representing the interrelated queueing processes associated with vehicle and passenger activities in an AGT station. The DSM will provide operational and performance measures of alternative station configurations and management policies with respect to vehicle and passenger handling capabilities and will provide an analytic tool to support trade studies. Its architecture will facilitate interchange of alternative operational strategy algorithms and station traffic flow patterns to assist in the intitial design selection by planners. KW - Architecture KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programming KW - Design KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Operating strategies KW - Passenger terminals KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Rail transit stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic patterns KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364939 AU - Muller-Munk Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation TI - TRANSIT MARKETING IN PENNSYLVANIA: A HANDBOOK OF EFFECTIVE TRANSIT MARKETING AIDS PY - 1981/07 SP - 125 p. AB - To assist transit operators interested in promotion techniques that can increase ridership and revenues on their systems, UMTA has been funding through the Section 8 Technical Studies Program local efforts to develop and implement effective promotion techniques. This handbook has been prepared as one of several projects being undertaken by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation as part of the State Management Assistance Program. The handbook is targeted toward the smaller transit systems that generally have more limited resources for marketing efforts. Basically, this handbook focuses upon actual examples of marketing aids that help to close the gap between theory and practical applications. KW - Advertising KW - Applications KW - Handbooks KW - Marketing KW - Passenger transportation KW - Pennsylvania KW - Promoting KW - Promotion KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344509 AU - von Rosenvinge, M E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST EXPERIENCE OF AUTOMATED TRANSIT SYSTEMS. SUPPLEMENT III PY - 1981/07 SP - 88 p. AB - This report summarizes operations and maintenance (O&M) cost experience for the following AGT systems for the period 1976-1980: Airtrans, Sea-Tac, Tampa, Disneyworld (WEDway), Pearl Ridge, Minnesota Zoo, and Morgantown. O&M data on the Morgantown system is reported through 1980 (excluding data for the year 1979). Capital cost data is reviewed on Morgantown, Airtrans, Tampa, Sea-Tac, Miami, Busch Gardens, Disneyworld, King's Dominion, Fairlane, Atlanta and Minnesota Zoological Gardens. Updated data has been reported on Orlando and new data for the refined Houston Airport System. System characteristics are presented for both the Duke and Pearl Ridge systems, although no cost information is available at this time. In addition to presenting capital and operating and maintenance costs and trends, this report includes analysis of the factors influencing these costs. A section on the differences between urban and non-urban settings of AGT systems has been included and shows how the costs of existing non-urban systems might relate to a system in an urban development in terms of site conditions and site requirements. An appendix describing individual systems in detail is also included. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capitalized costs KW - Costs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Environment KW - Florida KW - Georgia KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Intra airport transit KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Minnesota KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operating costs KW - Outlying areas KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Texas KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Wedway UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346059 AU - Daetz, D AU - Holoszyc, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SACRAMENTO TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1981/07 SP - 232 p. AB - The demonstration focused on the sale and distribution of monthly transit passes through employers. This evaluation report covers the period from the organizational phase in October 1977, through the two-year distribution phase in June 1978, to the end of the demonstration in June 1980. Sixty-six employers in Sacramento County participated in this employer pass program (Monthly PASSport Program). The program emphasized the convenience to employees of pass purchase through their employers. It urged employers to establish a payroll-deduction plan for pass purchase and suggested that employers subsidize the purchase of passes by employees as a means of reducing employer costs for employee parking. The demonstration yielded useful lessons in marketing to employers and employees, and its three month-25 percent discount on monthly passes provided an opportunity to observe the sensitivity of employee demand to the price of the monthly pass. Employers sold passes over the counter with no subsidy. Most employers were attracted into the program because of perceived employee benefits and not economic benefits. Due to numerous public outlets for pass purchase, the employer pass program increased the convenience of pass purchase to only a small degree. Nevertheless, the program has successfully established a working relationship between RT and Sacramento employers. KW - Convenience KW - Demand KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employee participation KW - Employers KW - Fare collection KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Prices KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346695 AU - Morris, R E AU - Pali, A AU - Urian, C AU - Walker, W AU - Decision Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT INDUSTRY CORE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF RAPID RAILCARS PY - 1981/07 SP - 562 p. AB - In 1977, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration initiated and sponsored a transit industry cooperative program to synthesize the most effective rapid transit car system design practices of North American transit authorities into one document. To ensure the practicality of the operators' recommendations, the carbuilders and suppliers also participated. In 26 working sessions over a four-year period, transit industry representatives reviewed and refined the draftforms of the systems engineering results presented by the standardization contractor. The collective experience of the North American operators, carbuilders, and suppliers in the manufacture, operation, and maintenance of rapid railcars has been translated into these Core Technical Specifications. This document embodies transit industry's best engineering practices balanced against the resources limitations of the operators. The Core Technical Specifications integrate the interdependent functional elements of a rapid railcar into an efficient, coherent car system design. Following operator consensus on car-level performance requirement for a 'baseline' car, performance requirements for each subsystem were derived and specified in language and detail suitable for all future new car procurements. The concept of Core Technical Specifications recognizes that a rapid transit car must reflect the site-specific requirements and constraints of the intended application. To translate these specifications into a procurement document, each operator need only add such completing detail as necessary to ensure compatibility with the purchaser's internal standards, revenue fleet, and physical plant. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Maintainability KW - Needs assessment KW - Procurement KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - Structural design KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - User needs KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346035 AU - Nelson, D AU - Spano, M AU - Shepetin, S AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - FIXED ROUTE ACCESSIBLE BUS SERVICE IN CONNECTICUT: A CASE STUDY PY - 1981/07 SP - 148 p. AB - U.S. Department of Transportation regulations implementing Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, require transit agencies to provide wheelchair accessibility on fixed-route bus service. The study is part of the series which included studies in Seattle, Washington and Washington, DC. The objectives are to report on Connecticut Transit's (Conn Transit) experience with the new service in order to provide information to other systems developing accessible service, and to estimate the costs of providing this service. The document reports on the operating experience of Conn Transit's fleet of 280 Flexible buses equipped with wheelchair lifts. This fleet, purchased in 1979, provides service in the Hartford, New Haven, and Stamford areas. The study analyzes operating data on wheelchair lift boardings and denials; accessible and non-accessible bus schedules; road calls and repairs for all problems and for lifts; lift-related accidents, injuries, and claims; wheelchair lift marketing and promotional activities; service planning and development; and marginal operating and capital costs of accessible service for a three-month period in each of the three operating areas. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Capitalized costs KW - Connecticut KW - Costs KW - Crashes KW - Fixed routes KW - Fixed-route transit KW - Injuries KW - Level of service KW - Lifts KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Publicity KW - Services KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Wheelchair lifts KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346038 AU - Paaswell, R E AU - Berechman, J AU - Bogan, B AU - McNally, M AU - Parker-Simon, K AU - State University of New York, Albany AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF RAPID TRANSIT INVESTMENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/07 SP - 11 p. AB - The role that a new fixed rail transit facility plays in the 1980s is a question asked by many sectors. The public sector wants to be assured that its current co-objectives of capturing a share of the travel market and having a significant positive impact on land use are met. The private sector wants to be sure that all of the attributes associated with such development will come to function as it makes its investment decisions. The technical people (local and regional planners and operators) want to be assured that the public and private investment decisions are maximized. This study addresses the concerns of these groups and was designed with the following objectives: (1) to define the nature of the transit investment and to establish the private sector response; (2) to determine the interactive nature of policies (public sector and private sector) that may conflict with or reinforce the transit investment; (3) to define and use analytic techniques to measure the impact of the investment strategies; and (4) to apply the above to the case study of central business district (CBD) revitalization in Buffalo, New York. KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Finance KW - Impact studies KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346177 AU - HOLEC, J M AU - Schwager, D S AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - STATEWIDE TRANSIT EVALUATION IN MICHIGAN PY - 1981/07 SP - 79 p. AB - The objective of this report is to share the experience gained during the development of a performance evaluation methodology for public transportation in the State of Michigan. This report documents the process through which an evaluation methodology was developed including a review of project objectives, milestones, meetings, and products. Two major lessons learned during the development of the evaluation methodology for mid-size transit systems in Michigan are (1) that there is a need to establish the groundwork for conducting performance evaluation; and (2) the concerns and perspectives of public transportation systems regarding performance evaluation must be addressed and integrated into the development and implementation of the evaluation program. Although the paper is based on the experience of one state government agency, the findings and conclusions are generally applicable to other organizations that may evaluate public transportation performance, especially those that provide/administer funding. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Methodology KW - Michigan KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5595/805.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56564/statewidetransi0980peat_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346027 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - STATE OF THE ART OF CURRENT PRACTICES FOR TRANSIT TRANSFERS PY - 1981/07 SP - 295 p. AB - The major objectives of the study are to: (1) describe and summarize the transfer policies currently in use on U.S. transit properties; (2) identify reasons why properties use or do not use particular transfer policies; (3) determine the consequences of alternative transfer policies in different settings; and (4) analyze and identify situations or settings in which particular transfer policies can be applied beneficially. A transfer policy consists of a set of operator actions involving vehicle routing and scheduling, transfer charges, information for passengers, and terminal facilities, which affects the movement of passengers between transit vehicles as part of a continuing trip. This study examines the current use and impacts of eleven potential transfer policy components related to these operator actions. The effects of each component on operator costs, user satisfaction, ridership, and revenue, are related to such site-specific factors as historical and current patterns of passenger flows, route structure, service frequency, shape and size of the service area, layout of the central business district, and degree of schedule adherence. Based on these relationships, the situations or settings in which particular transfer policies can most beneficially be applied are identified. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Buses KW - Impact studies KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - State of the art studies KW - Transfers KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346065 AU - del Cid, L AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SURVEY OF ELECTRIC PROPULSION MOTORS FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1981/07 SP - 104 p. AB - Increasing interest in developing more efficient and lighter weight motors for transportation use stems from the advances made in power solid state devices, permanent magnet technology, and modern manufacturing processes. This report presents an overview of the current status of electric motors with potential applications in automated guideway transit (AGT) systems to be deployed in the 1990s. It is based on information and data gathered from electric machinery manufacturers, research organizations, and technical literature. This report surveys direct current (d.c.) motors, and reviews induction, synchronous, and linear electric motors. Performance characteristics of typical state-of-the-art d.c. and induction motors are provided. Current work on improved and advanced designs of rotary and linear motors are also reviewed. Some conclusions presented in this report state that: (1) performance requirements of existing AGT concepts can be satisfied with available technology traction motors; (2) conventional d.c. motors with switched power supplies will continue to be the most widely used motor for traction application; and (3) solid state devices will be a major factor towards achieving improved motor performance. This report provides numerous charts/figures that depict the technological aspects of d.c. motors, induction motors, synchronous motors, and linear electric motors. The report provides a glossary and a list of references. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Direct current motors KW - Electric circuits KW - Electric power KW - Electric power supply KW - Electrical systems KW - Induction motors KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear motors KW - Motors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - State of the art studies KW - Synchronous motors KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346039 AU - Paaswell, R E AU - Berechman, J AU - Bogan, B AU - McNally, M AU - Parker-Simon, K AU - State University of New York, Albany AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF RAPID TRANSIT INVESTMENTS: The Buffalo Experence PY - 1981/07 SP - 115 p. AB - The study examines the Buffalo, New York, Light Rail Transit (LRT) system now under construction. It shows clearly that, in a region of decline urban areas of the Northeast and North Central states, the economic and demographic indicators must be defined and used as planning constraints. The report is organized to lead the reader through the critical parts of the analysis and clearly show how the impacts of investment are established and can be used. The report provides information that can be of use to public officials, planners, and private sector concerns. KW - Demographics KW - Economic conditions KW - Investments KW - Light rail transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56325/analysisofrapid8132unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346044 AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT, INC., SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN SACRAMENTO PY - 1981/07 SP - 159 p. AB - Paratransit, Inc., a nonprofit corporation created in July, 1978, offers special transportation for handicapped and elderly persons in the Sacramento area. A variety of service agreements were negotiated with social service agencies for providing transportation to their clients. Paratransit also operates a vehicle maintenance center for the servicing and repair of paratransit vehicles operated by social service agencies themselves. Project operations and developments, costs, impacts and workability are discussed in the report. KW - Aged KW - Agencies KW - Costs KW - Government agencies KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Special service KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345107 AU - Donnelly, R M AU - Ong, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE DENVER RTD ROUTE RESTRUCTURING PROJECT PY - 1981/07 SP - 234 p. AB - In February 1978, the Denver Regional Transit District (RTD) eliminated the 25 cent off-peak fare and retained a 50 cent peak hour fare for bus boardings duing the morning two-hour rush period and evening two-hour rush period. The experiment in innovative transit pricing continued for one year as a Federally-assisted demonstration project to determine the effects of free off-peak transit in a major urban area. During the demonstration, RTD also undertook a complete transformation of its network of bus routes and schedules. Following two years of planning, in September 1978, RTD accomplished the restructuring of its transit services from a network of mostly historic radial routes serving the old central business district to one more closely conformed to a grid system. This report summarizes the evaluation of the route restructuring project in Denver with respect to the implementation requirements of a major redesign of fixed-route transit services and its effects on: 1) travel behavior ; 2) bus operations; 3) quality of service; 4) costs and revenues; 5) secondary effects on the environment; and 6) public support for transit services and improvements. The extensive data collection activities conducted by RTD as part of the demonstration, included transit operations monitoring, surveys of transit users onboard, and follow-up telephone. General population surveys are documented and their results analyzed. Principal findings of the evaluation are reported and their implications for transit operations and service planning are discussed. Both the short-term effects of implementing major changes in existing transit service, as well as the long-term supply and demand characteristic of the grid concept applied to transit operations in Denver are addressed. Evaluation of the off-peak free fare experiment is provided in an earlier report of this project: "Denver Off-Peak Free Fare Public Transit Experiment - Interim Report", May 1979 (PB 298-783, A04). (FHWA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Fixed routes KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Level of service KW - Networks KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Operating costs KW - Regional transportation KW - Revenues KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170842 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346060 AU - Gelb, P M AU - Colman, S B AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTHERN PACIFIC FARE SUBSIDY PROGRAM EVALUATION PROJECT PY - 1981/07 SP - 63 p. AB - The report presents an evaluation of the Southern Pacific Passenger Fare Subsidy Program. The Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) operates passenger rail service in the San Jose - San Francisco corridor, catering primarily to peak period commuters traveling into San Francisco. Beginning in January 1978, the price of SP multiple-ride tickets was reduced by 30 percent. In addition, free feeder bus service was provided to SP stations in one of the three counties in the corridor. The evaluation addresses several issues of interest to federal government and policy-making agencies, the transit industry at large and the state and local agencies involved in the subsidy program. KW - Fares KW - Feeder buses KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Southern Pacific Railroad KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463439 AU - Omniplan Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MINORITY- AND FEMALE-OWNED MANUFACTURERS' COURSE. REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1981/06 SP - v.p. AB - This Student's Reference Manual is for a training course designed to teach minority and female owners and managers of manufacturing companies how to enter the transportation industry market and how to bid competitively on manufacturing subcontract jobs. KW - Bids KW - Civil rights KW - Competitive bidding KW - Females KW - Industries KW - Manuals KW - Minorities KW - Subcontractors KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Ucr-10 KW - Umta section 10 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00961830 AU - Meacham, D G AU - Piper, B A AU - Shisler, W W AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OHIO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION INVENTORY. CALENDAR YEARS 1974-1977 PY - 1981/06 SP - 176 p. AB - This publication contains an inventory of all known public transportation companies in Ohio (excluding taxicabs), with operating and statistics data included for companies in existence on December 31, 1977. Also included are tables showing service trends for urban transit operators for 1972 through 1977. The purpose of the report is to provide information for use of state legislators, transit operators, planners, civic leaders and other who are interested in programs to maintain and improve public transportation in Ohio. KW - Bus lines KW - Finance KW - Ohio KW - Passenger service KW - Public transit KW - Rural transit KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/660443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364955 AU - Crowell, W H AU - Schapiro, A AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DURING THE NEXT ENERGY CRISIS: THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL URBAN AREAS PY - 1981/06 SP - 87 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to develop methods to assist small urban areas in the planning, design, and implementation of transportation energy contingency plans for their areas. The nature of such contingencies and their impact on the transportation sector are reviewed, along with the special transportation characteristics of small urban areas. After establishing the nature of Federal and State contingency responsibilities, the basic local contingency plan needs are assessed, and a wide array of potential strategies are analyzed according to a consistent set of criteria. The final chapter reviews the results of these assessments and makes a number of conclusions and recommendations. A special 13-page guidebook on contingency planning, following a question-and-answer format, was also developed and is included in the appendix. KW - Contingency planning KW - Demand KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Planning KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462112 AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Board of Chosen Freeholders of Burlington County AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. COORDINATING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN BURLINGTON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY PY - 1981/06 SP - 22 p. AB - This final report is the culmination of a two-year study of existing agency transportation services in Burlington County, New Jersey containing the Institute of Public Administration's recommendations on ways to coordinate these services to enhance systemwide efficiency and effectiveness. The four factors examined were: the availability and accessibility of separate agency transportation services, composite characteristics of these services, projected cost impacts of transportation coordination, and contracting for the delivery of coordinated transportation. KW - Aged KW - Burlington (New Jersey) KW - Contracting KW - Coordination KW - Costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Social service agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365371 AU - Tomazinis, A R AU - Havens, A AU - Casino, J D AU - Young, D AU - Gleichman, G AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LONG RANGE PROSPECTS AND REQUIREMENTS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1981/06 SP - 205 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research project investigating the long range prospects and requirements of urban public transportation in the United States as a result of the changes experienced in the economy, demography, technology, energy and urbanization in the 1970's. The study reviews the changes in these fields and draws conclusions concerning their implications on the future of urban mass transit. Based on the findings the report concludes that urban mass transit in the United States should be expected to increase significantly in importance extent, and quality in the years between 1980 and the year 2000. KW - Demographics KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Forecasting KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365370 AU - Tomazinis, A R AU - Havens, A AU - Del Casino, J AU - Young, D AU - Gleichman, G AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LONG RANGE PROSPECTS AND REQUIREMENTS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/06 SP - 21 p. AB - This report presents the results of a research project which investigated the long range prospects and requirements of urban public transportation in the United States as a result of the changes experienced in the economy, demography, technology, energy, and urbanization in the 1970s. This study takes into account all the factors that ostensibly would play a role in the future of urban transit. It reviews the changes in these factors and draws conclusions concerning their implications on the future of urban mass transit. The Philadelphia area is utilized as a case in point, with data on changes in urbanization patterns drawn from the four suburban counties of the Philadelphia region. Based on the findings, the report concludes that urban mass transit in the United States should be expected to increase significantly in importance, extent, and quality in the years between 1980 and 2000. KW - Demographics KW - Economics KW - Energy KW - Forecasting KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Public transit KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371565 AU - MAGILL, K P AU - Rogers, E M AU - Shanks, T AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING THE DIFFUSION OF MASS TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS PY - 1981/06 SP - 120 p. AB - The office of Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) diffusion system is a technology transfer system in which Federally-sponsored research results are put into use by local governments. The SMD diffusion system is an unusual type of technology transfer system in the degree to which it is decentralized. The purposes of this report are to summarize the main findings and to discuss the policy implicatins from a three-year investigatin of the diffusion and implementation of urban mass transportation innovations that was conducted at the Institute for Communication Research at Stanford University. This research was sponsored by the SMD of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The objectives of the three-year research project were: 1) to describe the nature of the innovation process for urban mass transportation innovations; 2) to assess the role of demonstrations and other Federally-sponsored interventions in the diffusion of urban mass transportation innovations; and 3) to identify and evaluate alternative methods of disseminating information, such as brochures, dissemination conferences, etc., about urban mass transportation innovations. This project investigated the process through which local public organizations learn about, evaluate, adopt (or reject), and implement innovations which are of interest to SMD. Implications are presented for improvement of the SMD diffusion system, based on research results from investigating the diffusion of Dial-A-Ride, vanpooling, auto-restricted zones, and priority lanes for high-occupancy vehicles. The study concludes that the SMD diffusion system is relatively decentralized, with a great deal of control of decisions in the hands of local governments and with SMD headquarters playing a coordinating role. KW - Bus lanes KW - Demonstration projects KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Paratransit services KW - Service and methods demonstrations KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Training programs KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371590 AU - Priver, A S AU - Dooley, T M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/06 SP - 40 p. AB - Two different studies were performed by the Research and Special Programs Administration of the Transportation Systems Center in response to the concerns of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration about the ability of the planned Los Angeles Downtown People Mover (DPM) to handle the projected passenger demand for the year 2000. The first study addressed the question of whether the approximately 100,000 passengers per day in the year 2000 can be handled if the system headway is reduced to 60 seconds. The second study examined the more general issue of what train capacities are required at different headways to handle the demand with alternative passenger waiting time goals. This paper addresses these two areas separately, even though the second one arose from the first study. The approach used to analyze each issue is given, along with the underlying assumptions that were made. The results are then presented and conclusions drawn. The first study showed that the demand level projected for the year 2000 can be handled not only with 60-second headways, but also with 75-second headways using the nominal 164-passenger capacity train. The demand can be satisfied with 90-second headways if 200-passenger (crush-loaded) capacity trains are employed. The second study produced curves showing minimum train capacities required at headways ranging from 45 to 105 seconds to meet the requirement that 95 percent of the passengers at the worst-case station have waiting times of less than two or three minutes. The train capacities increased monotonically from eighty or so up to the 240 range. KW - Downtown people mover KW - Forecasting KW - Headways KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Management KW - Operational analysis KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle capacity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184925 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344401 AU - National Research Council AU - Bureau of Mines AU - Defense Nuclear Agency AU - U.S. Geological Survey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMAND FORECAST OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION AND MINING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1981/06 SP - 39 p. AB - The underground construction and mining industries of the U.S. do not have a usable, centralized source of demand forecasts for their products and services. Lack of knowledge of future demand contributes to a number of problems: individual companies experience planning difficulties, government agencies often are forced to develop long-range schedules without complete information about activities of other agencies, and the entire industry encounters cycles of boom and bust that might be avoided if more were known about what lies ahead. The U.S. National Committee on Tunneling Technology and its Subcommittee on Demand Forecasting have studied the problem, and this report is a first step toward meeting the need for a source of underground construction demand data. The data presented in this forecast were obtained by surveying key members of the underground construction and mining industries, as well as readers of the Tunneling Technology Newsletter, and by the Subcommittee's analysis and extrapolation of trends and other related factors. Compilation of the information are presented in three chapters: specific construction projects, nonspecific construction estimates, and tunnel demand for the mineral industry. Included are forecasts for water supply; wastewater conveyance and treatment; storm, sanitary, and storage tunnels; underground storage for sanitary sewer systems; transportation; hydroelectric power, including pumped storage; underground storage; and metal, nonmetal, and coal mining. KW - Construction KW - Construction industry KW - Data collection KW - Demand KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Forecasting KW - Handling and storage KW - Hydroelectric power generation KW - Mining KW - Planning KW - Sewage disposal KW - Sewage treatment KW - Storm sewers KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Underground mining KW - Underground storage KW - Water distribution structures KW - Water resources KW - Water supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170645 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367782 AU - Ketron, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF HALF FARE PROGRAMS FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN THE TRI-STATE REGION PY - 1981/06 SP - 46 p. AB - Eligibility and identification for elderly and handicapped in the New York City Tri-State region should be uniform so both groups may avail themselves of reduced transit fare programs. After calling for general acceptance of identification cards, wherever issued, the report discusses problems created by the large number of reduced fare schemes in the region and recommends solutions. Implementation of the recommedations would bring the various programs as close together as possible within contraints of federal legislation and regulation. Recommendations would take varying lengths of time to implement. KW - Aged KW - Discount fares KW - Eligibility KW - Federal government KW - Government regulations KW - Identification cards KW - Identification systems KW - New York (New York) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regulations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343733 AU - Linden, T M AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. FEEDER SYSTEMS MODEL FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION PY - 1981/06 SP - 37 p. AB - This document specifies the functional requirements for the AGT-SOS Feeder Systems Model (FSM), the type of hardware required, and the modeling techniques employed by the FSM. The objective of the FSM is to map the zone-to-zone transit patronage demand onto AGT station pairs and to generate feeder system performance data. The output of this model can be used in conjunction with AGT data in order to provide normalized comparisons between different AGT systems operating in the same demand environment with both conventional feeder service/AGT operation and dual mode feeder/AGT operation. Because of its generic nature, the model is recommended for representative AGT deployments' comparison only. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer components KW - Computer programming KW - Feeder buses KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger terminals KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Specifications KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170550 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341275 AU - Davis, C F AU - Groff, W H AU - Steahr, T E AU - University of Connecticut, Storrs AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR DYNAMIC RIDESHARING IN A LOW-DENSITY AREA PY - 1981/06 SP - 142 p. AB - This report reflects the view that there is a significant reserve of capacity in the highway private automobile system that could be tapped through ridesharing. The authors suggest that, within limits, not only can the transportation system adapt to travel patterns, but travel patterns can be adapted to the transportation system and this adaptation can take place within the constraints established by patterns of our daily activities. It is also suggested that implementation of a ridesharing program such as described in this report would be simple and relatively risk-free. This research deals with activity patterns and their relation to travel needs in a rural area in eastern Connecticut (10-town Windham Planning Region). Of specific interest is the commonality of trip-making and the flexibility of activity patterns in both spatial and temporal terms. After identifying activity patterns, the research examines the inherent flexibility of these patterns. The potential for ridesharing is quantified using a series of scenarios defined by a set of assumptions regarding such items as participation rate, period of simulation and operational characteristics. The simulation using either the status quo occupancy or 4-person carpools reveals a broad range between a minimal reduction in vehicle miles of travel (3 to 4 percent) given in existing attitudes and the maximum reduction in vehicle miles of travel (40 percent). The results suggest that it would be reasonable to expect reductions between 12 and 25 percent given the degree of willingness to participate evidenced in the questionnaire response. (UMTA) KW - Carpools KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Implementation KW - Needs assessment KW - Ridesharing KW - Rural areas KW - Simulation KW - Transportation KW - Travel patterns KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343735 AU - Linden, T M AU - Boldig, J D AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. AVAILABILITY MODEL FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION PY - 1981/06 SP - 54 p. AB - The System Availability Model (SAM) is a system-level model which provides measures of vehicle and passenger availability. The SAM will be used to evaluate the system-level influence of availability concepts employed in AGT systems. This functional specification identifies the functions performed, the types of hardware required, and the modeling techniques employed by the SAM. This model is sufficiently flexible to aid transportation system planners in AGT system selection. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Computer programming KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger terminals KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Specifications KW - Supply KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170552 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343734 AU - Oglesby, R AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MODEL USER'S MANUAL PY - 1981/06 SP - 70 p. AB - The System Availability Model (SAM) is a system-level model which provides measures of vehicle and passenger availability. The SAM operates in conjunction with the AGT discrete Event Simulation Model (DESM). The DESM output is the normal source of the delays information portion of the SAM's input data set. There is no inherent restriction on the systems applicability of the SAM. Therefore, the range of applicability of the DESM defines the ranges of applicability for the SAM. This SAM User's Manual describes the program, its input requirements, and its operating procedures. The maintenance and standby fleet size required to support the operational fleet are also determined. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Computer programming KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Headways KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger terminals KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Supply KW - Traffic delays KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170551 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343736 AU - Oglesby, R AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. SYSTEM AVAILABILITY MODEL PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL PY - 1981/06 SP - 153 p. AB - The programmer's manual for the System Availability Model (SAM) describes the program's functions, organization, variables, and processing algorithms. Debug tools built into the model, a global variable dictionary, subprogram logic tables, and subprogram descriptions are also described to aid maintenance and modification of this model. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programming KW - Dictionaries KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical models KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger terminals KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ridership KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365240 AU - Baltimore City Department of Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BALTIMORE DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1981/06 SP - 286 p. AB - This report summarizes the technical analysis of the feasibility of implementing a Downtown People Mover (DPM) in the Baltimore Central Business District (CBD). The Baltimore Department of Planning, assisted by a consultant team, carried out a work program to give careful consideration to the implementation and scheduling alternatives open to the City of Baltimore in answering the following questions: (1) Does a DPM meet local goals and objectives. (2) Does it promote economic development in the retail district and other desirable areas. (3) Will it serve the transportation needs of downtown Baltimore. (4) Will the DPM system be financially viable. (5) Is a DPM acceptable to local citizens and business organization. and (6) Will the environmental impacts and visual impacts of a DPM be acceptable and can negative impacts be mitigated. After 18 months of study, the results of this inquiry are complete, and the findings are positive. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - City planning KW - Economic development KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Maryland KW - People movers KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364948 AU - Bruck, H W AU - Garrison, W L AU - Reinhardt, N AU - Skiles, M AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN A TIME OF UNCERTAIN PETROLEUM SUPPLY PY - 1981/06 SP - 117 p. AB - The study presents a strategic analysis of the petroleum situation and how it will affect travel behavior and public transportation in general. Scenarios reflecting the manner in which the petroleum situation is most likely to evolve and affect urban public transportation during the coming twenty years are developed. Examination of the factors affecting petroleum supply indicates that pricing of petroleum fuel and timing of implementation of substitute technologies are likely to be the critical determinates of fuel availability. Five scenarios representing alternate possible directions of development of the petroleum situation are presented. KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Gasoline KW - Motor fuels KW - Petroleum products KW - Prices KW - Supply KW - Technological development KW - Technology KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364980 AU - Crowell, W H AU - Shapiro, A AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DURING THE NEXT ENERGY CRISIS: THE SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL URBAN AREAS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/06 SP - 29 p. AB - This report focuses on the specific issue of transportation contingency plans for petroleum shortages, namely, on the need for and methods of developing such plans for small urban areas (less than 50,000 population). The purpose of this study is to develop methods to assist small urban areas in the planning, design, and implementation of transportation energy contingency plans for their areas. Travel characteristics in such areas are identified and categorized by the origin-destination patterns, trip purposes, and modes used. The types of mobility problems caused by petroleum shortfalls are discussed along with the range of existing government responses to such shortages. The nature of federal and state contingency responsibilities are established, basic local contingency plan needs are assessed, and potential strategies are analyzed according to a consistent set of criteria. KW - Contingency planning KW - Demand KW - Energy KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Origin and destination KW - Planning KW - Small cities KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177198 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347824 AU - Wilcox, L L AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE METRO TROLLEY OVERHEAD PROGRAM, 1973 TO 1981 PY - 1981/06 SP - 169 p. AB - On January 1, 1973, the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) took over operation of the City of Seattle's old 32-mile trolley overhead system. This report is a history of the program which rehabilitated this system and expanded it to 55 route miles. Administration, planning, designing and construction are discussed and final costs are presented. KW - Administration KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Electric wire KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Rectifiers KW - Rehabilitation KW - Rehabilitation (Maintenance) KW - Renovating KW - Routes KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Services KW - System design KW - Systems management KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system design KW - Trolleybuses KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344474 AU - Priver, A S AU - Dooley, T M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS PY - 1981/06 SP - 40 p. AB - Two different studies were performed by the Research and Special Programs Administration of the Transportation Systems Center in response to the concerns of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration about the ability of the planned Los Angeles Downtown People Mover (DPM) to handle the projected passenger demand for the year 2000. The first study addressed the question of whether the approximately 100,000 passengers per day in the year 2000 can be handled if the system headway is reduced to 60 seconds. The second study examined the more general issue of what train capacities are required at different headways to handle the demand with alternative passenger waiting time goals. This paper addresses these two areas separately, even though the second one arose from the first study. The approach used to analyze each issue is given, along with the underlying assumptions that were made. The results are then presented and conclusions drawn. KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Forecasting KW - Headways KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle capacity KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347735 AU - Harrington, BWJ AU - Harrington, George and Dunn AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF DESIGN STANDARDS FOR URBAN RAIL TRANSIT ELEVATED STRUCTURES PY - 1981/06 SP - 49 p. AB - During the past decade, mass or public transportation has received an increase in attention as a viable transportation mode within highly urbanized areas. This increase in recognition of the mass transit mode of moving people, largely came about as a result of congestion of cars on urban highways and streets. At about the same time as automobile congestion was becoming critical, organized opposition to construction all but stopped cities from relieving their transportation problems. It was these events that prompted urban communities to look at alternate transportation modes, such as elevated rail transit systems. The purpose of this report was to review the various criteria for design of elevated rail transit structures currently in use by selected transit properties and to determine the feasibility of industrywide guidelines for their design, and to compile them in one source. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Dynamic loads KW - Elevated structures KW - Guidelines KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346708 AU - Brown, I R AU - Brekke, T L AU - Korbin, G E AU - Bay Area Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BEHAVIOR OF THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT TUNNELS THROUGH THE HAYWARD FAULT PY - 1981/06 SP - 223 p. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the response of the BART tunnels to slow right lateral slippage along the fault. Data from the exploration and construction, tunnel instrumentation, and surveying were analyzed. Survey data, coupled with observations of track alignment and cracking pattern in the concrete liner have indicated that slippage of 6-8 mm per year is associated with a narrow shear zone mapped during construction. Finite element methods of analysis were used to model the observed tunnel behavior, and a strain softening model was used to explain seismic phenomena on the Hayward Fault. This report provides a list of references, recommendations for the future monitoring of tunnel response to fault slippage, and numerous charts depicting tunnels in California in terms of fault activity, deformations resulting from earthquakes, instrumentation, and ground vibrations. The authors conclude that accurate predictions of the behavior of the BART tunnels is not possible. However, fault slippage is expected to continue to displace the tunnels and track alignment must be regularly maintained. KW - Alignment KW - California KW - Earthquakes KW - Faults KW - Finite element method KW - Geological faults KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Seismicity KW - Structural analysis KW - Subways KW - Track alignment KW - Tunnel lining KW - Vehicular tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346032 AU - Morris, R E AU - Pali, A AU - Urian, C AU - Walker, W AU - Decision Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INITIAL INTERFACE STANDARDS FOR RAPID TRANSIT CAR SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS PY - 1981/06 SP - 182 p. AB - This report presents the Initial Interface Standards for subsystem components of a typical rapid transit car system. These standards were derived from an interface definition analysis of 128 product-applications on seven of the newest North American rapid transit car system designs. Twenty one major components of a rapid transit car which the carbuilder purchases as shippable items were selected for interface definition. Analysis of the product-specific data which was made available by the original equipment manufacturers provided the basis for either defining the functional and physical interfaces of each major component and the minimal space which must be allocated upon the carbody structure or truck frames to incorporate a major component into the carbody structural design, or determining that a major component does not appear to be amenable to interface standardization. Transit industry adoption of interface standards for car-mounted equipment should result in cars which would cost less to build and own. KW - Car components KW - Design standards KW - Interfaces KW - Product specifications KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Standardization KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345127 AU - Indian Nations Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY CONTINGENCY STUDY PY - 1981/06 SP - 40 p. AB - The courses of action available to Tulsa in the event of a fuel shortage are detailed. Necessary data requirements and an implementation schedule are outlined in order to show the tasks which need to be accomplished prior to implementation. An estimate is also made of the length of time necessary to complete them. Four major transit alternatives are defined: (1) maintaining the current system with a decreased fuel supply, (2) improving the existing system with faster and more fuel efficient service, (3) expansion of service, and (4) service readjustments. Other areas included are non-transit and paratransit alternatives and public information strategies. The general purpose of the alternative and optional methods for accomplishment are described. The data requirement section of this report describes the data items necessary and, where, possible, time and staff requirements. Existing fuel consumption and vehicle conditions in Tulsa County are also described. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Contingency planning KW - Data needs KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuels KW - Implementation KW - Information organization KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Publicity KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170851 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342077 AU - National Research Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MANAGEMENT OF URBAN CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS. VOLUME II SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION PY - 1981/06 SP - 104 p. AB - This report is part of a program sponsored by the Office of Rail and Construction Technology of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The overall objective of the study is to develop guidelines that can be used by local government authorities, such as transportation, water, and sanitation agencies, in developing sound management plans for the execution of Federally-funded urban construction projects. This report presents the guidelines from the perspective of the Project Manager, since this position carries the responsibilities for design and construction of a particular project, and possibly, for activation and operation of a facility or system. The Building Research Advisory Board (BRAB) Committee developed this study outlining these concerns: 1) developing project management for planning and executing urban construction projects; 2) assigning responsibility, authority, and control in the decision-making process; 3) developing the communication mechanisms and documentation required for implementation of management and construction; and 4) identifying procedures for initiating and developing management plans for urban construction projects. Using information gathered and the knowledge and expertise of its members, the Committee prepared this two-volume report. In this report, Volume II, supplementary information compiled by the Committee is presented from material reviewed and developed during the course of its study. It includes information on conceptual planning and examples of techniques and procedures that have been used which might be helpful to Project Managers in understanding the management process and in developing and executing project management plans. The information is not intended to be all-inclusive, and is offered without recommendation of any specific approach. (UMTA) KW - Construction management KW - Guidelines KW - Local government KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342076 AU - National Research Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MANAGEMENT OF URBAN CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM. VOLUME I: GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN PY - 1981/06 SP - 36 p. AB - This report is part of a program sponsored by the Office of Rail and Construction Technology of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The overall objective of the study is to develop guidelines that can be used by local government authorities, such as transportation, water, and sanitation agencies, in developing sound management plans for the execution of Federally-funded urban construction projects. This report presents the guidelines from the perspective of the Project Manager, since this position carries the responsibilities for design and construction of a particular project, and possibly, for activation and operation of a facility or system. The Building Research Advisory Board (BRAB) Committee developed this study outlining these concerns: 1) developing project management for planning and executing urban construction projects; 2) assigning responsibility, authority, and control in the decision-making process; 3) developing the communication mechanisms and documentation required for implementation of management and construction; and 4) identifying procedures for initiating and developing management plans for urban construction projects. Using information gathered and the knowledge and expertise of its members, the Committee prepared this two-volume report. In this report, Volume I, the Committee sets forth its conclusions and recommendations regarding the purpose of a management plan, the major elements of a management plan, possible alternatives for essential elements, and guidelines for selecting among the alternatives for each element. The Committee made a particular effort to present the guidance in Volume I as concisely as possible without giving detailed procedures of standards for executing a plan. (UMTA) KW - Construction management KW - Guidelines KW - Local government KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341516 AU - Limpert, S B AU - Schweiger, Carol L AU - Silvia, P J AU - Dynamics Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMATION PROGRAM (TRIP) PHASE I REPORT SN - MA-06-0060 PY - 1981/06 SP - 80 p. AB - The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national reliability Data Bank. This Data Bank collects, stores, and analyzes data that is generated by transit operators during the course of revenue service operation and equipment maintenance. The results of the periodic analyses of the stored data are distributed to TRIP participants and users. This document is a summary of the accomplishments of TRIP Phase I along with the results achieved and conclusions reached during the initial phase of TRIP. It summarizes the design development and subsequent operation of the Experimental Data Bank (EDB) that was implemented for the purpose of evaluating and refining the design concepts of the (full-scale) TRIP Data Bank. TRIP has been designed as a 3-phase program. Phase I consists of: 1) definition and scoping of the functional and operational requirements of the TRIP Data Bank; 2) design, implementation, operation, and enhancement of a rail rapid vehicle EDB for the purpose of evaluating the design concepts of the (full-scale) TRIP Data Bank on a prototype scale; and 3) design, implementation, operation, and enhancement of an EDB for buses. Phase II will merge the two EDBs into a single data bank and expand the scope of the data bank to include all aspects of the vehicles involved. Phase III will expand the TRIP Data Bank to include other classes of equipment. (UMTA) KW - Buses KW - Data analysis KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341535 AU - Butler, J AU - Guggenheim, R AU - Storrow, C AU - Southeastern Connecticut Regional Planning Agency AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLAN PHASE I: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS PY - 1981/06 SP - 65 p. AB - This document begins a process to address new federal concerns within a transportation planning framework which focuses on energy consumption. Contingency planning has two major objectives. These are to: 1) retain individual mobility and ease the supply problems of the general populace during short-term supply shortfall crisis situations, and 2) reduce the long-term demand for fuel. In order to be adequately prepared for future fuel supply disruptions, it is necessary to prepare a variety of conservation and contingency strategies that can be employed, as needed, in response to varying supply situations. This Plan projects the anatomy of a gasoline shortage as it might occur in Southeastern Connecticut. The first part of this Plan focuses on the transportation system, primarily the work-trip component of this system, because it is recognized that this is the most susceptible to disruptions caused by fuel scarcities. Data have been compiled and analyzed concerning the Region's fuel distribution system, the storage capacity of private and public "end users," and current rates of gasoline consumption. The impact of various shortfall levels are discussed, and recommendations are made in regards to the most efficient ways to distribute fuel in the event of future shortages. Also, the carrying capacity of public and semi-public vehicles, and their potential for use during a fuel shortage, are examined. Phase II of this Energy Contingency Plan will make recommendations and detail the strategies to be used in the final plan. At this point, because the Region is seen to have a unique set of problems relative to travel demands, Phase II of the Plan will concentrate on developing strategies specifically suited for this Region. KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Energy KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Equipment KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel storage KW - Gasoline KW - Mobility KW - Physical distribution KW - Planning KW - Public service vehicles KW - Shortages KW - Strategy KW - Transportation KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle capacity KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169652 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343072 AU - Duke, J F AU - LEE, R A AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXTENDED SYSTEM OPERATIONS STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: PLAN FOR TASK 5--DPM FAILURE MANAGEMENT PY - 1981/06 SP - 35 p. AB - The purpose of Task 5 in the Extended System Operations Studies Project, DPM Failure Management, is to enhance the capabilities of the Downtown People Mover Simulation (DPMS) and the Discrete Event Simulation Model (DESM) by increasing the failure modeling detail of these processors so that a variety of failure management strategies can be evaluated in terms of total vehicle and passenger delay. The purposes of this planning document are to list the major failure management strategies that are currently being considered in engineering studies of DPMs and to propose software modifications, in functional terms, and analysis techniques that will permit modeling of as many of these strategies as possible. KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Failure KW - Failure analysis KW - Passenger transportation KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Simulation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346020 AU - CONRAD, B AU - Sakasita, M AU - Sanfilippo, M AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Oakland Bay Area Rapid Transit District TI - CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM SURVEY PY - 1981/05 SP - 137 p. AB - Rapid transit properties require some form of central control to coordinate and manage overall vehicle flows. Central control involves making tactical and strategic decisions as the flow of traffic is affected by random variables ranging from fluctuations in passenger demand to mechanical failures in individual vehicles. The survey results will provide preliminary information of the advances in control technology, such as displays, communication systems, control algorithms, and to what extent automation can facilitate rapid transit operations. The survey focused on the central control functions of schedule creation, schedule implementation, schedule maintenance, and failure management. These functions are the most complex and tend to have the most direct impact on system performance. The five properties surveyed were the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA), the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), and the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART). KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Systems engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471493 AU - Tennyson (EL), PE AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GLOUCESTER COUNTY PARK-AND-RIDE FEASIBILITY STUDY 1980-1985 PY - 1981/05 SP - v.p. AB - Recognizing the present and future impact of the escalating energy shortfall, inflation, highway problems and air pollution on its citizenry, Gloucester County commissioned a feasibility study of park-and-ride lots for commuters. Inorder to have a successful park-and-ride system, potential users must find the alternative, bus service in this case, both attractive and efficient. This is not the case, however, in Gloucester. The current bus service is riddled with problems such as redundancy of service, inadequate service in certain areas, frequency of trips, and total travel time. This report details how the bus service can be improved to accommodate the potential rider (the automobile commuters) with little or no increase in subsidy, at a truly great saving for the public. It is estimated that the full development of reasonable park-and-ride potential will save the people of Gloucester County not only in dollars, but also in the amount of fuel consumed yearly, air pollutants emitted and highway accidents. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Gloucester County (Pennsylvania) KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Park and ride KW - Scheduling KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371585 AU - CONRAD, B AU - Sakasita, M AU - Sanfilippo, M AU - SRI International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CENTRAL CONTROL SYSTEM SURVEY PY - 1981/05 SP - 131 p. AB - Rapid transit properties require some form of central to coordinate and manage overall vehicle flows. Central control involves making tactical and strategic decisions as the flow of traffic is affected by random variables ranging from fluctuations in passenger demand to mechanical failures in individual vehicles. A good central control system maximizes operating efficiency and level of service under the constraints of the operating environment, system geometry, and available equipment. The number of tasks performed by central control at a given property indicates the level of centralization of control in the system. At some properties control is highly distributed and central control functions primarily as a point of coordination for dealing with schedule disruptions and emergencies. At other properties, mainly those with highly automated systems, there are no operating personnel performing control at a local level, and central control performs all of the functions and tasks. The purpose of this survey was to provide descriptions of the state-of-the-art of rapid transit central control systems in the United States. The survey results will provide preliminary information of the advances in control technology, such as displays, communication systems, control algorithms, and to what extent automation can facilitate rapid transit operations. The survey focused on the central control functions of schedule creation, schedule implementation, schedule maintenance, and failure managements. These functions are the most complex and tend to have the most direct impact on system performance. The five properties surveyed were the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA), the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), and the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART). KW - Automatic train control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344415 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ACCESSIBLE FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE EXPERIENCE PY - 1981/05 SP - 36 p. AB - The research report discusses the operator and user experience with lifting devices on regular bus transit services that facilitate the entry and exit of wheelchair users and semi-ambulatory passengers. The study draws data mainly from experiences at sites of Service and Methods Demonstration sponsored projects where detailed operational data have been recorded. The report also estimates the cost of such services. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Estimates KW - Facilities KW - Fixed routes KW - Fixed-route transit KW - Level of service KW - Lifts KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchair lifts KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368210 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOUSTON TRANSITWAY ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS PHASE I COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS PY - 1981/05 SP - 42 p. AB - This report summarizes the alternatives analysis for transitways in the Houston region, reviewing and identifying the study corridors, the modes selected with route alignments, the development of evaluation methodology and the findings of the analysis. Modes investigated are basic bus; low-capital bus; busway; light-rail (surface and subway); and heavy rail (in various configurations). Findings of the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis are presented in three subsections: System Description including the definition of system alternatives and description of their physical extent, service provided and overall costs; Financial Impacts presenting the results of cash flow analyses that are particularly important in decision making; and Cost Effectiveness Analysis including tabular and graphical exhibits of the analysis. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Buses KW - Busways KW - Cash flow KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Forecasting KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Light rail transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368184 AU - Stone & Webster Management Consultants, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLINT MASS TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY GENESEE COUNTY SHORT-RANGE TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1981/05 SP - n.p. AB - Genesee County, Michigan, which includes the City of Flint, had 17 transit operators, including the Mass Transportation Authority in the Flint urban area and various social service agencies. MTA, with 14 line haul routes, appeared to serve basic needs of low-income households and others who depend on public transit. Social service agencies attempt to satisfy the travel needs of their clients, although this service was found often inadequate. Travel needs in Genesee County were assessed through use of existing and forecasted land use, socioeconomic and travel pattern data. Analysis of this information suggested four potential areas for expanded transit services, either line-haul or paratransit: (1) Heavily populated and more traveled out-county areas; (2) Major shopping centers; (3) Major industrial employment areas; (4) Special facilities such as hospitals and educational institutions. MTA, involved in ride-sharing promotion, can assist in need to drive to industries and special facilities. Demand-responsive service can serve out-county areas and with lift-equipped vehicles can decrease reliance on social-agency programs. Increased government funding to cover deficits is necessary. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Michigan KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179391 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00367389 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUPPLEMENTARY TRANSPORTATION FOR ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS PY - 1981/05 SP - 14 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Aged KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special service KW - Special user groups UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343605 AU - Gilbert, K AU - Voorhees (Alan M) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: HANDBOOK OF MANUAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR TRANSIT STRATEGIES (DALLAS-FORT WORTH) PY - 1981/05 SP - 176 p. AB - Transportation System Management (TSM) is a philosophy about planning, designing, implementing and operating transportation system improvements in a way which attempts to make best use of existing resources that addresses movement of people and goods and that attempts to manage both transportation supply and demand. As a part of the study conducted in Dallas-Ft. Worth, North Central Texas Council of Governments undertook to develop a set of planning manuals that could be used in the ongoing process of developing strategies to improve the operation of the existing transportation system. Volume Two of this set of manuals was devoted to easy-to-apply manual techniques for analyzing the effect of a variety of transit oriented operations strategies. This document reproduces that manual in order that other interested agencies may apply these methods. The handbook has been written for use by engineers, planners, and analysts who are sufficiently experienced in transportation planning and operations to be able to judge the reasonableness of calculated values and to modify or substitute analytical techniques when necessary. KW - Bus lines KW - Demand KW - Handbooks KW - Low-capital transportation improvements KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Passenger transportation KW - Planning KW - Route surveys KW - Scheduling KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Surveying KW - Surveys KW - Systems analysis KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343633 AU - Robins, L AU - Pagano, A M AU - McKnight, C AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN PARATRANSIT: SPECIAL SERVICE AGENCIES AND TAXICAB COMPANIES PY - 1981/05 SP - 95 p. AB - Transportation planners have become interested in forms of paratransit service that have developed without direct government involvement, namely, special transportation services and taxi services. Both services have the potential of providing a viable, reasonably priced transportation service to the elderly and handicapped population. The purpose of this study was to test whether economies or dis-economies of scale exist in the delivery of special transportation service or taxi service. The study addresses the following questions: (1) do average costs decrease with increases in ridership that are due to increasing the number of riders or special groups served within an area, and (2) do average costs decrease with increases in ridership that are due to increasing the service area. Data was collected from special service agencies and taxicab companies in the Chicago metropolitan area. The samples were subdivided by service characteristics, and average costs were compared. Cost models were developed using regression analysis. KW - Aged KW - Drivers KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regression analysis KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Surveys KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364914 AU - Torpey, J AU - Ruggles, M AU - Spencer, P AU - Willet, C S AU - Kenyon, A AU - Onyx Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Railroad Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER: RAIL TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1981/05 SP - 34 p. AB - This document describes the support facilities and technical expertise available to transit authorities and other potential users of the Transportation Test Center (TTC) located near Pueblo, Colorado. These users also are given information concerning transit test program initiation, test track engineering, and cost sharing with the Federal Government. Several rail cars have been successfully tested at the Center. These include the San Francisco and Boston light rail vehicles, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Cars, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority cars, and the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority cars. Located in the Center's main area is the Rail Dynamics Laboratory (RDL). Within the RDL is the Roll Dynamics Unit and the Vibration Test Unit. By using two 100-ton cranes, vehicles can be placed on either test machine to undergo a variety of test programs. The Transit Maintenance Building provides back-up support and contains a 100-foot service pit area. The Transit Test Track (TTT) at the TTC is a 9.1-mile oval and is used for testing urban rail vehicles. Located within the TTT is the tight-turn loop, a 150-foot radius test track used in the investigation of wheel noise, car curving, and suspension system stability. Power stations provide a constant voltage to the TTT through a third rail. A minimum test program of sixteen weeks is typical and consists of three major phases: Phase I, Vehicle Preparation; Phase II, Specification Compliance and Performance Assessment; and Phase III, Reliability Tests. A fourth phase may be added depending on the special requirements of the transit car. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Costs KW - Dynamic tests KW - Federal government KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Maintenance KW - Needs assessment KW - Noise KW - Performance evaluations KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Project management KW - Quality assurance KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steering KW - Test facilities KW - Test tracks KW - Test vehicles KW - Testing KW - Testing costs KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364919 AU - Juarez, E AU - Daetz, D AU - Bebendorf, M AU - Juarez and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BASELINE CONDITIONS REPORT FOR A SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE LOS ANGELES AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING DEMONSTRATION PY - 1981/05 SP - 222 p. AB - The major goals of the Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) demonstration in Los Angeles are to: (1) observe how a large transit property reacts and adjusts to AVM; (2) determine how well the deployed AVM system performs under actual field conditions; (3) estimate the extent to which the expected benefits of AVM were realized and are realizable by the host transit property, and (4) gain insights into the general and site-specific factors that affect the relationship between the benefits and costs of AVM. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - California KW - Impact studies KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Real time control KW - Real time data processing KW - Routes KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346036 AU - Cherwony, W AU - Gleichman, G AU - Porter, B AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS ROUTE COSTING PROCEDURES: A REVIEW PY - 1981/05 SP - 117 p. AB - Many transit systems currently develop cost estimates as part of their bus service planning process. The systems use a wide variety of cost estimation techniques, and no single technique is accepted as more accurate or reliable than others. To assist these systems, the Office of Planning Assistance of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, has initiated a study of cost estimation techniques for bus service planning. The purpose of this study is to develop a manual of costing procedures that will enable transit systems to accurately estimate the incremental cost of planned service changes. This document is the first Interim Report from the study and it includes a review of existing cost estimation techniques and an evaluation of applicability of these techniques to the service planning process. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Estimating KW - Improvements KW - Incremental costs KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Routes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56346/busroutecostingp00simp_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346066 AU - Scelzo, G P AU - Belsterling, C A AU - PRT Systems Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PALOMINO LIM-PROPELLED STEEL-WHEEL-ON-RAIL VEHICLE PY - 1981/05 SP - 49 p. AB - The PRT Palomino vehicle is a linear induction motor (LIM) propelled steel-wheel on steel-rail, 6-passenger transport vehicle. It has been in operation on the Pullman Standard 610 meter (2000 ft) oval test track at Hammond, Indiana, since January 1978. The LIM-propelled Palomino vehicle represents a class of steel-wheeled, steel-railed vehicles that promises to become the most practical for the next generation of AGT systems. This type of vehicle has outstanding advantages in lowest friction, simplest lateral guidance and smoothest ride. With LIM propulsion, the Palomino has the additional advantages of lowest friction and wear, highest resistance to environment, lowest maintenance costs, and most reliable tractive forces. This report is intended to document the test data necessary to evaluate the performance of this class of vehicles in the AGT role. KW - Acceleration (Mechanics) KW - Acceleration physics KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Braking KW - Induction motors KW - Linear induction motors KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341625 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ACCESSIBLE FIXED-ROUTE BUS SERVICE EXPERIENCE SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1981/05 SP - 36 p. AB - To respond to the need for information on accessible fixed-route bus service, the Transportation Systems Center, under the sponsorship of UMTA's Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program, has been evaluating operational experiences with accessible bus service. Operational data have been obtained from: SMD demonstrations in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois and Palm Beach County, Florida; SMD locally sponsored evaluations; operators with both 30 or more accessible buses and at least 30 percent peak fleet accessible; and all other transit agencies with over 100 accessible buses. This study draws data mainly from experiences at sites of SMD sponsored projects where detailed operational data have been recorded. This research report discusses the operator and user experience with lifting devices on regular bus transit services that facilitate the entry and exit of wheelchair users and semi-ambulatory passengers. The report states that: lifts are used very little, averaging less than six boardings per day systemwide; all operators have reported denied boardings due to lift equipment problems; and the impact on overall transit operations has been small since operators have made few, if any, changes in schedules or the number of buses deployed. Accessible bus service is more costly than non-accessible service. The major components of the approximate $2000 incremental cost per year per bus are the annualized capital and the inspection, maintenance and repair costs for the lifts. The incremental cost per lift using passenger has ranged up to several hundred dollars per boarding. With federal/state assistance, transit operator's cost amounts to less than half of the total expenses. (UMTA) KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus transportation KW - Consumer behavior KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Fixed routes KW - Impact studies KW - Inspection KW - Lifts KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - User reactions KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335699 AU - Robins, L AU - Pagano, A M AU - McKnight, C AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN PARATRANSIT: SPECIAL SERVICE AGENCIES AND TAXICAB COMPANIES PY - 1981/05 SP - 90 p. AB - Transportation planners have become interested in forms of paratransit service that have developed without direct government involvement, namely, special transportation services and taxi services. Both services have the potential of providing a viable, reasonably priced transportation service to the elderly and handicapped population. The purpose of this study was to test whether economies or dis-economies of scale exist in the delivery of special transportation service or taxi service. The study addresses the following questions: 1) do average costs decrease with increases in ridership that are due to increasing the number of riders or special groups served within an area, and 2) do average costs decrease with increases in ridership that are due to increasing the service area. Data was collected from special service agencies and taxicab companies in the Chicago metropolitan area. The samples were subdivided by service characteristics, and average costs were compared. Cost models were developed using regression analysis. For special service agencies, no relation between average financial costs and scale were found. For taxicab companies, there is a "U" shaped curve for increasing ridership of taxicab firms in the U.S. The models were also used to compare the unit costs of special service agencies and taxicab companies under similar operating conditions. The comparison indicated that relatively small increases in the occupancy rate due to operating shared-ride should make the cost per passenger trip for taxicab service lower than that of special services. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regression analysis KW - Ridership KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595734 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA Working Group PY - 1981/04//Final Report SP - 106p AB - Mass transportation in the United States is at a critical juncture--reexamining the assumptions and operations of the past and assessing the impact of a new Federal role. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) is in a parallel situation. After a decade of program expansion and rapidly increasing budgets, the UMTA mission, management processes and organization face their severest challenge--to rethink, redirect and perhaps reorganize for a new Federal policy which deemphasizes capital and formula grants and emphasizes innovation and management improvements in the transit industry. This Report is based on the most comprehensive review of UMTA to date. During this ten-week review, one in ten UMTA employees were involved. The Working Group has sought the answers to three categories of questions: Establishing Direction; Implementing Systems; and Developing Relationships. In any effort which attempts to identify problems, there can be a tendency to do just that--find only problems. During the course of its review the Working Group has identified significant UMTA accomplishments and believes that UMTA employees at every level have demonstrated dedication and ability. These past successes and the corps of talented staff can serve as the foundation for the program, processes and organizational reforms which are needed to make UMTA effective in the next decade. The Working Group's analysis and recommendations are centered around six major areas: mission; organizational environment and human resources management; executive direction and the front office; policy and budget processes; program management and delivery; and administrative support. KW - Budgeting KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Future KW - Human resources management KW - Leadership KW - Mission KW - Organizational effectiveness KW - Policy KW - Program delivery KW - Program management KW - Recommendations KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56633/umtaworkinggroup00umta_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371946 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Ernst, UFW AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - INVOLVING PRIVATE PROVIDERS IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS: ADMINISTRATIVE OPTIONS. WORKING PAPER PY - 1981/04 SP - 36 p. AB - Administrators of public transportation programs are becoming increasingly interested in the options available for involving private taxicab, van and bus operators as service providers in their programs. Two general administrative approaches have been employed: provider-side subsidies, in which subsidy funds are paid directly to a service provider for offering certain specified services and fare levels; and user-side subsidies, in which selected users may obtain transportation vouchers at discounted prices and then purchase services from the providers of their choice. Until relatively recently, provider-side subsidies have been the almost exclusive choice of administrators dealing with private providers. However, experiments and case studies employing user-side subsidies have shown this approach to be a viable option for many types of programs. This paper presents some general criteria for comparing the two approaches, and discusses the guidance available from readily available data. Additional data collection from a selection of existing programs is recommended to shed light on some important unanswered questions. KW - Brokerage KW - Competition KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - User side subsidies KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/185126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347843 AU - Fisher, R J AU - Reading, J AU - Mazziotti, D AU - Lee, D W AU - Ringo, P AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PLENARY SESSION PRESENTATIONS PY - 1981/04 SP - 19 p. AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751857 AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING. PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1981/04 SP - 40 p. AB - This document describes the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA)'s program to evaluate the application of automatic vehicle monitoring (AVM) in transit operations. After providing an overview in which AVM is defined, the document summarizes the history of the development and deployment of AVM in both Europe and United States, culminating in UMTA's two-phase program, Advance Area-Coverage Automatic Vehicle Monitoring. Different types of AVM system components and their operations are explained, with particular attention to UMTA's demonstration system in Los Angeles. AVM's costs and benefits are summarized and a look at future directions for AVM technology is also taken. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471516 AU - Carter, Goble, Roberts, Incorporated AU - Bucks County Commissioners AU - Bucks County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUCKS COUNTY COORDINATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PROGRAM. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/04 SP - 147 p. AB - This specialized transit needs study was undertaken for the purpose of developing an organizational structure and service delivery plan that would coordinate and/or consolidate human service agency transportation in Bucks County thus assuring improved access to needed services for the transit disadvantaged and to determine the level of potential integration with new or existing public transportation services. It consists of seven sections. Sections 1, 2 and 3 deal with an inventory and analysis of existing conditions and transit needs and demands. Section 4 addresses service and organizational options and Section 5 sets forth the recommended organization and service plan. Section 6 provides a detailed set of implementation actions, and Section 7 presents a six-year funding strategy and includes a discussion of funding sources. KW - Coordination KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Social service agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380778 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Long Island Rail Road AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - COMPUTER SIMULATION AND PROGRAMMING. SIMULATION AND SYSTEM VALIDATION REPORT PY - 1981/04 SP - v.p. AB - The interim report covering Expanded Simulation System, describes the New York City Transit Authority Simulation System, developed from the Long Island Rail Road Simulation system. NYCTA performance is depicted effectively and economically. Results produced can be the basis for informed judgements concerning the type of modifications that should be made in rapid transit operations, scheduling, train control and train flow. KW - Computer programs KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Train operation KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365542 AU - STEWART, C F AU - Reinl, H G AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHEELCHAIR SECUREMENT ON BUS AND PARATRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1981/04 SP - 307 p. AB - After entering a public transit bus, most wheelchair users cannot readily transfer from chairs to regular passenger seats. Even for those who can make the transfer, there is no place for them to store their chairs during transit. Space and a wheelchair securement system must be provided on public transit buses so that both wheelchair users and other passengers can be transported safely while the wheelchair users remain in their chairs. This report presents and discusses data from 42 dynamic crash tests conducted with wheelchairs, occupied by anthropomorphic dummies, to determine the performance of wheelchairs using 12 different types of securement systems. Both manual and electric powered chairs were used in the tests. Forward, rearward, and sidefacing orientations were represented. KW - Aged KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Handling and storage KW - Impact tests KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Seats KW - Securement KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Storage facilities KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366966 AU - Ashley, D B AU - Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRELIMINARY INSURANCE PROGRAM SELECTION FOR URBAN MASS TRANSIT PROJECT CONSTRUCTION PY - 1981/04 SP - 82 p. AB - Transit systems, both new and old, planning major capital additions or improvements must in the public interest consider all reasonable measures to reduce costs. Risk management during project construction provides an enticing means for the owner to share project risks, while expecting large cost savings. One such risk management device, owner-purchase of construction-related insurance (Wrap-Up insurance programs), can yield a two to four percent reduction in construction costs while providing societal and organizational benefits. This report presents a thorough study of benefits and disadvantages of Wrap-Up insurance programs for transit system construction. Orientation of the study is toward helping owners faced with construction insurance program decisions make an informed selection. KW - Construction KW - Costs KW - Insurance KW - Risk management KW - Subway construction KW - Subways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368192 AU - Philadelphia, City of, Pennsylvania AU - Metropolitan Engineers, Incorporated AU - Valley Forge Laboratories, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EASTWICK AREA TRANSPORT STUDY PY - 1981/04 SP - 165 p. AB - The Eastwick area of southwest Philadelphia is a combination of residential, retail/commercial and industrial zones which had been designated as an Urban Renewal Area. While much effort was given to development, little attention was paid to transportation service for residents and employees. The study was to investigate the needs of residents and those working in the area. Alternative transportation improvement strategies was developed and evaluated in relationship to community goals, transportation-service objectives and capital-investment potential. Alternative improvement packages were evaluated on the basis of net present values of cash flow, environmental impacts, projected patronage, and operational impacts on the Airport High Speed Lines, a rail link being established between Philadelphia International Airport and the CBD, passing through Eastwick enroute. It was recommended that a single station be established on the High Speed Line in Eastwick, that a light rail service presently operating into the area be extended through it, that an internal minibus loop be established, and that existing bus routes be combined and rerouted. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343740 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PY - 1981/04 SP - 43 p. AB - The study develops the basic concepts of TSM by providing simple classification schemes, geographic conditions of applicability, relative measures of effectiveness, and techniques for quantification. In this report two key elements are emphasized, namely (1) coordination of transportation activities; and (2) maximization of efficiency and productivity. Some of the findings reported in this report are (1) traffic engineering improvements increase capacity up 100 percent with 10 or 20 percent gains; (2) demand management measures achieve reductions in vehicle miles of travel (VMT) up to 5 percent at specific locations; and (3) bus lanes save bus passengers 1 to 5 minutes per mile, and priority entry treatments will save 1 to 3 minutes per ramp depending on the amount of congestion. KW - Bus lanes KW - Classification KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Highway traffic control KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - New York (State) KW - Productivity KW - Project management KW - Quantifying KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Ramp metering KW - Systems management KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343572 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. A DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS. FISCAL YEAR 1980 PY - 1981/04 SP - 274 p. AB - The report contains descriptions of current research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects sponsored and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the Department of Transportation. This Directory focuses on activity that took place in Fiscal Year 1980, which began on October 1, 1979 and ended September 30, 1980. Section 6 of the Act pertains to research, development, and demonstration projects in all phases of urban mass transportation, which includes technology development and deployment, service and methods demonstrations, and transportation planning and management. Under Section 8 of the Act, funds are authorized each year to conduct local transportation planning studies, otherwise known as Technical Studies. A portion of these Technical Studies funds are also used annually for Special Studies to help local planning agencies and UMTA improve the quality of information used for local transportation planning. Section 11 of the Act authorizes a program of University Research and Training Grants. These grants are designed to contribute to UMTA's research and to stimulate professional growth in fields relating to transportation. KW - Aged KW - Bibliographies KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Federal government KW - Grant aid KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research projects KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56441/innovationinpub0600unse_3.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00348012 AU - Becker, A J AU - Talley, W AU - Krumke, J AU - ANDERSON, P AU - Tidewater Transportation District Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROTOTYPE BUS SERVICE EVALUATION SYSTEM PY - 1981/04 SP - 67 p. AB - Many transit operators have a critical need for a service evaluation system which can measure existing service performance. To assist these operators, the Office of Planning Assistance of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, through its Special Studies Program, initiated operator prototype studies in Boston and Norfolk. The purpose of these studies is to develop and test systems for bus service evaluation. The emphasis of these studies is on how local operators can use existing planning techniques to meet their evaluation needs. This report represents the second report from these studies. This report describes the development and testing of a prototype bus service evaluation system by the Tidewater Transit District Commission (TTDC) in Norfolf, Virginia. The project is a second phase to an Urban Mass Transportation Administration-funded study of bus service evaluation and has two objectives: 1) to develop a service evaluation system utilizing existing techniques and 2) to test and verify that such a service evaluation system is a practical and effective method for service evaluation. The report assesses the TTDC evaluation at the start of the project and describes the development of a new service evaluation system for the TTDC which includes the selection of service indicators, measures, and standards. A description of a trial implementation of the performance evaluation study is included as well as the results of the evaluation of TTDC's fixed route transit services. Data collection methods and costs to support the evaluation system are also reported. The report indicates that the new evaluation system has proven to be a useful tool for both transit management and locally elected officials in the development and funding of TTDC's services. (UMTA) KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Prototypes KW - Standards KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56525/prototypebusser0970tide_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171740 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365052 AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT AUDIT OF THE DECATUR PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1981/04 SP - 171 p. AB - The management audit of the Decatur Public Transit System (DPTS) was conducted in two phases, both of which are presented in this report. Phase I: Audit Findings, was based on data collected between July and December 1980. Phase I describes the general characteristics of the transit system environment, a refined statement of goals and objectives, a peer group analysis, and the analysis and findings in five functional areas: (1) Management and Administration; (2) Transportation; (3) Maintenance: (4) Marketing: and (5) Finance. In the audit of each of these functional areas, an analysis was conducted of existing policies, practices, and performance. These findings comprise the focus of the analysis for Phase II of the audit. Phase II: Corrective Action Program, is based in part on Phase I findings, plus data collection between January and April 1981. KW - Auditing KW - Finance KW - Illinois KW - Maintenance administration KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347868 AU - Shaw, P L AU - Simon, R AU - California State University, Long Beach AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES COUNTY TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION PUBLIC POLICY IMPACT STUDY (1977-1980) PY - 1981/04 SP - 146 p. AB - The report documents and analyzes activities of this new transportation agency from its inception in January 1977. The first year study examines the background and start-up period (1977-78); and the second year study (1978-79) examines the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC) goal setting process, coordination of transit service, development of new systems, and intergovernmental entrepreneurship. The main focus of this report is on the third year of the study (1979-80) and it reviews (1) Los Angeles in perspective; (2) LACTC powers and activities, 1977-80; (3) Structural comparison of LACTC and other major urban transportation institutions; (4) Critical policy issues; (5) Public policy impacts in an era of declining resources. KW - Administration KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - Impact studies KW - Implementation KW - Interagency relations KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - New systems KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Public policy KW - Services KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347841 AU - Heaton, C AU - Slavin, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR TRANSIT PRICING PY - 1981/04 SP - 52 p. AB - The purpose of the conference was to provide practical guidance to policy makers and transit operators on improved pricing policies and strategies. Topics covered include: trends and policies in future transit pricing; conventional and paratransit innovations; transit service characteristics; productivity and efficiency; transit service allocation through pricing mechanisms; philosophies of transit pricing. The workshops deal with transit pricing policies; implementation issues and the impact of price and service variations. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Guidelines KW - Impact studies KW - Implementation KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Meetings KW - Operating strategies KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Transit services KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00345109 AU - Lee, Jong Jae AU - Tamakloe, EKA AU - Mulinazzi, T AU - University of Kansas, Lawrence AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY FOR THE LOW DENSITY AREAS IN A FIVE-STATE REGION IN THE MIDWEST (IOWA, KANSAS, MISSOURI, NEBRASKA, AND OKLAHOMA) PY - 1981/04 SP - 152 p. AB - This report is concerned with the Public Transportation Planning Process for low density areas. The study area is the five-state Midwestern region of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma, referred to in the report as the target region or the Midwest. The main research objectives of the study are to: 1) study the performance characteristics of transit systems in the target areas and compare these with the characteristics of corresponding systems in other regions of the United States; 2) develop a planning methodology for estimating the amount of travel for public transportation and evaluating alternative transit systems for low density areas in general and for the target region in particular; and 3) utilize the views and input from local officials and transportation agency personnel in deriving such a methodology for their use. This report outlines a systematic approach by which travel demand for rural public transportation as well as the selection of appropriate public transportation systems to meet rural travel patterns can best be determined. The report is in three parts: Part I deals with demand and need assessment methodologies; Part II is concerned with operational and technological issues and presents system evaluation methodologies; and Part III outlines the main conclusions and recommendations. Based on the findings, the major conclusions of this study are that there are two mutually exclusive groups of transit clientele: a group who "needs" the service and another group who "demands" the service. Therefore, the method of estimating actual travel by these groups should be considered separately, although they jointly constitute the overall estimated ridership and a methodology which can incorporate the estimation of all components of travel requirements for rural public transportation within the framework of incremental analysis would be useful. (FHWA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Iowa KW - Kansas KW - Missouri KW - Nebraska KW - Needs assessment KW - Oklahoma KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170843 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346179 AU - Lee, Jong Jae AU - Tamakloe, EKA AU - Mulinazzi, T AU - University of Kansas, Lawrence AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NEEDS STUDY FOR THE LOW DENSITY AREAS IN A FIVE-STATE REGION IN THE MIDWEST (IOWA, KANSAS, MISSOURI, NEBRASKA, AND OKLAHOMA) PY - 1981/04 SP - 6 p. AB - The research objectives of the study are to (1) study the performance characteristics of transit systems in the target areas and compare these with the characteristics of corresponding systems in other regions of the United States; (2) develop a planning methodology for estimating the amount of travel for public transportation and evaluating alternative transit systems for low density areas in general and for the target region in particular; and (3) utilize the views and input from local officials and transportation agency personnel in deriving such a methodology for their use. This report outlines a systematic approach by which travel demand for rural public transportation as well as the selection of appropriate public transportation systems to meet rural travel patterns can best be determined. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Iowa KW - Kansas KW - Local government KW - Missouri KW - Nebraska KW - Needs assessment KW - Oklahoma KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional planning KW - Rural areas KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368190 AU - East Arkansas Planning and Development District AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR JONESBORO-PARAGOULD TRADE AREA PY - 1981/03/10 SP - v.p. AB - A 6-county rural area of northeastern Arkansas with a population of 178,000 has been studied with the aim of establishing a public transit service which could conserve energy and reduce costs for commuter work trips to the light industry of the region. The Jonesboro/Paragould area already has extensive carpooling and paratransit service for the disadvantaged. Proposed is a basic system of 52 routes from residential zones to terminal/transfer facilities near employment centers that would serve the majority of potential ridership with 68 buses. Some existing paratransit vehicles used for serving disadvantaged could be used for peak periods on the fixed-route services. An annual total of 1.6 million route miles (40 million seat miles) would be 50% utilized at a cost of $5.6 million for the first year and $2.6 million for the second. With 60 local governments in the proposed service area, it is concluded that some umbrella organization would be needed to provide effective management. KW - Arkansas KW - Coordination KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Travel demand KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179393 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462025 AU - Chin, D K AU - Hoffman, A E AU - Kropp, F G AU - Acumenics Research and Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NEW BUS EQUIPMENT INTRODUCTION PROGRAM TEST AND EVALUATION PLAN. APPENDIX A--EVALUATION PROCEDURES FOR THE NBEI PROGRAM GOALS. APPENDIX B--LITERATURE SURVEY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981/03 SP - 28 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation has established the New Bus Equipment Introduction (NBEI) Program. The purpose of the NBEI Program is to obtain data from actual operating experience on the performance of production-type transit vehicles that have innovative features not available in present advanced design or new look style buses. Under this program, up to 8 transit systems will test up to 200 buses with various new and innovative features to determine the extent to which they improve fuel efficiency, improve accessibility, lower life-cycle costs, and again acceptance by transit operators and the public. This document contains the two appendices for the NBEI Program Test and Evaluation Plan. Appendix A, Evaluation Procedures for the NBEI Program Goals, describes the statistical methods and techniques that will be used to analyze the design and operational data that will be collected for the test and control buses during the course of the NBEI Program. The set of variables, data sources, descriptive statistics, experimental and statistical hypotheses, and statistical tests of hypotheses for each program goal are outlined in this appendix. Appendix B, Literature Survey, discusses the relevant literature materials that were used as basic inputs in the development of several elements of the test and evaluation plan. KW - Buses KW - Evaluation KW - Experimental design KW - Hypothesis KW - Hypothesis testing KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Testing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376236 AU - Automated Services, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT, RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT PLAN FOR URBAN RAIL TRANSIT PROPERTIES PY - 1981/03 SP - 151 p. AB - This project was conducted as part of UMTA's Rail Transit Fare Collection Program developed by the Transportation Systems Center of the U.S. Department of Transportation. The report presents a generalized survey methodology for conducting assessments of automatic fare collection (AFC) equipment performance and improvement programs in urban rail transit systems, namely, at the Bay Area Transit Authority (BART) District and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). Failure data collection and analysis efforts conducted by WMATA were studied in detail to determine their use for application to BART. The overall purpose of these activities was to acquire a basis for developing a general survey and analysis methodology that would establish some standarized procedures for collecting AFC equipment performance data. An AFC survey at BART was conducted to demonstrate elements of the methodology and to redefine its overall design. In this report, the discussion of the methodology covers types of data to be collected, data collection procedures, training of data collectors, timing and frequency of data collection periods, use of existing data systems, and levels of effort required for data collection. Analytic techniques and procedures are presented, including statistics to be generated, and analysis and interpretation of these statistics. A suggested format for reporting and presentation of results is discussed, and application of the methodology to other properties is described. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Data collection KW - Failure analysis KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368183 AU - Womack, K N AU - Burke, D AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVENUES AND SUBSIDIES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN TEXAS, 1973-1977 PY - 1981/03 SP - 51 p. AB - Public transit operations in Texas were analyzed to explain transit revenues, subsidies, and their trends from 1973-1977. This is a complementary study to a previously published report Costs of Public Transportation in Texas, 1973-1977. Fourteen systems were analyzed to determine sources of revenues and subsidies. Revenues, measured in real terms, are declining for systems in all sized cities--small, medium, and large. Subsidies for capital and operating expenditures have increased. Small and medium sized systems rely heavily on federal capital subsidies; large systems use proportionately more local capital assistance. Increased subsidies are likely to be needed for both capital and operating expenditures. KW - Deficits KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Subsidies KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343661 AU - Morris, R E AU - Schaefer, J E AU - Merrill, K S AU - Decision Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE SERVICE-EVALUATED PRODUCTS LIST FOR RAPID TRANSIT CAR SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS PY - 1981/03 SP - 317 p. AB - How a product performs in scheduled revenue service is evidence as to how well that product has been engineered for site-specific applications within the rail transit environment. If the transit industry's search for more reliable, maintainable, and interchangeable equipment is to be advanced, industry-wide visibility of product usage and performance must be established. The Service-Evaluated Products List (SEPL) fulfills that objective. Products within each of 38 subsystem component categories for which adequate maintenance records are kept by North American rapid transit operators are profiled in the SEPL. For acceptance in the SEPL, each product must be a permanent part of rapid transit cars which have been operated in scheduled revenue service for a minimum of 4 million car-miles. The SEPL is arranged in three parts: Part A - Products Usage Data; Part B - Product Performance Profiles; and Part C - Component Performance Summaries. The SEPL should benefit the entire transit community. Operators should benefit by being able to: (1) compare performance data for like and similar products; (2) share preventive maintenance and repair experience; and (3) identify potential alternate sources for products on the cars. Suppliers should benefit because the SEPL offers: (1) unedited user evaluations of their own and their competitors' products and (2) objective, quantifiable data as the basis for establishing marketing, product improvement, and warranty support budgets. KW - Equipment replacement KW - Failure KW - Interchangeability KW - Interoperability KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance management KW - Marketing KW - Materials KW - Materials management KW - Materials replacement KW - Performance evaluations KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Quality assurance KW - Quality control KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Standardization KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343717 AU - Rose, D AU - Lloyd's of London Press AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ATLANTA RESEARCH CHAMBER; APPLIED RESEARCH FOR TUNNELS: BLASTING TECHNIQUES CONVENTIONAL SHOTCRETE STEEL-FIBER-REINFORCED SHOTCRETE MONOGRAPHS ON THE STATE-OF-THE-ART OF TUNNELING PY - 1981/03 SP - 535 p. AB - This final report describes the construction of the Atlanta Research Chamber (ARC) and the research conducted in it from October 1977 through February 1981. In addition, twenty-four monographs on the state-of-the-art of modern tunnel practice are included in this report. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UTMA) funded the ARC as part of the UMTA's continuing effort to discover ways to reduce tunnel and rapid transit costs. This report is organized accordingly: Chapters 1 and 2 present the introduction and a brief overview; Chapter 3 describes the geology of the ARC and onsite stress conditions; Chapter 4 presents the design of the ARC and an evaluation of rock movements expected as the twin Running Tunnels were excavated immediately below the ARC; Chapter 5 discusses the geotechnical instrumentation of the ARC; Chapter 6 discusses excavation by blasting, using a "scribing tool"; Chapter 7 discusses pre-construction laboratory and field work on conventional shotcrete; and Chapter 8 presents a pre-construction study on steel-fiber-reinforced shotcrete. In addition to the chapters on the technical work done in the ARC, this report contains monographs by outstanding experts on the state-of-the-art of tunneling. Also included in this report are the views of owners, contractors, labor union representatives, insurance and legal personnel, and foreign and domestic experts. All have practical application and may serve to promote the common goal to construct underground space economically and safely. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Construction KW - Contractors KW - Cost control KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavations KW - Fiber reinforced concrete KW - Geology KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Geophysical surveys KW - Georgia KW - Insurance KW - Labor unions KW - Legal factors KW - Liability KW - Metal fibers KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Rock mechanics KW - Rockbolts KW - Shotcrete KW - State of the art studies KW - Stress conditions KW - Stresses KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343601 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Guenthner, R P AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD APPLICATION AND EVALUATION OF BUS TRANSIT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1981/03 SP - 7 p. AB - This research study was performed in two parts: (1) field examination of the use of performance measures, and (2) use of the performance evaluation model. The first part of this research surveyed 19 bus transit operators in the five state area of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The study revolved around operations data collection, and the type and degree of performance evaluation in current use. An assessment of the adequacy of the indicators was performed. The current and potential uses of performance monitoring were evaluated especially in relation to the goals and objectives of the system. In general, the study concluded that about half of the transit systems visited collected enough operating data to inexpensively develop a comprehensive performance monitoring program. The second part of this study involved implementation of the Performance Evaluation Model developed that was basically designed to evaluate the effects on performance due to a short term change in fare, headway, or number of stops on a bus route. Several cities were selected. KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operations research KW - Passenger transportation KW - Performance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance indicators KW - Scheduling KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337883 AU - Silvia, P J AU - Dynamics Research Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMATION PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS GUIDELINES PY - 1981/03 SP - 155 p. AB - The document provides guidelines for participation in the Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP). TRIP is a government-initiated program designed to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit equipment reliability data. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national Data Bank. The primary purpose of the TRIP Data Bank is to provide a computer-based system for the collection, analysis, and reporting of reliability information on transit equipment. The report is designed to familiarize prospective participants and users of TRIP with the operation, capabilities, and use of the Data Bank. TRIP will encompass all classes of transit equipment, including, for example, rail rapid vehicles; track and structures; wayside ATO/ATC; transit buses; automatic fare collection, etc. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automatic train control KW - Automatic train operation KW - Bases vehicles KW - Buses KW - Data analysis KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Equipment KW - Guidelines KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Information systems KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Performance analysis KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Ticket vending machines KW - Track components KW - Track structures KW - Vehicle components UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169246 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334050 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED DESIGN BUS VENTILATION TESTING SN - VA-06-0024 PY - 1981/03 SP - 37 p. AB - This final report is the result of a test program conducted to compare the following Advanced Design Bus (ADB) ventilation systems identified by the Ventilation and Air Conditioning Subcommittee (VACS) of the American Public Transit Association (APTA): power ventilation using components of the air conditioning system; openable windows within the fixed passenger windows; and roof hatches. The two coaches that participated in the testing were the RTS-11 model (manufactured by General Motors Corporation) and the 870 model (manufactured by Grumman-Flexible Corporation). Both coaches featured large unopenable windows and were tested against the discontinued New Look design coach with openable windows. This study recommends that the specifications for ADBs be changed to insure the maintenance of acceptable interior temperature levels for passengers and drivers in the event of an air conditioning failure or for ADBs ordered without air conditioning. The ventilation methods evaluated during the test program were judged to be ineffective. It is recommended that windows with large openings to the coach exterior be provided on ADB coaches and that the window design be the manufacturer's option. As an alternate, the ventilation systems could be modified to have three to four times their present air-handling capability. Both recommended solutions are to be tested for effectiveness prior to inclusion in the ADB specification. (UMTA) KW - Advanced design buses KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Passenger comfort KW - Performance tests KW - Specifications KW - Temperature KW - Vehicle design KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335708 AU - Silvia, P J AU - Dynamics Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMAITON PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS GUIDELINES PY - 1981/03 SP - 156 p. AB - This document provides guidelines for participation in the Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP). TRIP is a government-initiated program designed to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit equipment reliability data. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national Data Bank. The primary purpose of the TRIP Data Bank is to provide a computer-based system for the collection, analysis, and reporting of reliability information on transit equipment. This information is generated by transit operations during the course of revenue service operation and equipment maintenance. The results of the periodic analyses of the stored data are distributed to TRIP participants and users. This report has been prepared as a "User's Manual" for the TRIP Data Bank. It is designed to familiarize prospective participants and users of TRIP with the operation, capabilities, and use of the Data Bank. As a Participants Guidelines, this report describes the role of a data source, the types of data and information solicited for input to the Data Bank, recommended procedures for submitting data, the types of routine reports produced by the Data Bank, and the types of special reports and services that can be provided by the Data Bank to individual users. Ultimately, TRIP will encompass all classes of transit equipment, including, for example, rail rapid vehicles; track and structures; wayside ATO/ATC; transit buses; automatic fare collection, etc. The development of the Data Bank is being accomplished through an approach of phased implementation. Also, these Guidelines will be periodically revised and updated to reflect improvements in the TRIP Data Bank and experience gained by the transit industry as a result of TRIP. (UMTA) KW - Buses KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Equipment KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Ticket vending machines KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168639 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335709 AU - Caemmerer, J D AU - New York State Senate Committee on Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MASS TRANSIT CRIME AND VANDALISM, COMPENDIUM OF PROCEEDINGS, OCTOBER 20-24, 1980 PY - 1981/03 SP - 168 p. AB - Crime and vandalism on public transportation systems throughout the nation, and particularly in major urban areas, has become an increasingly serious problem with far-reaching implications. Early in 1980, the New York State Senate Committtee on Transportation proposed that a National Conference be conducted to focus attention on the dimensions of the mass transit crime and vandalism problem. A grant was obtained from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to help the Committee conduct the first National Conference on Crime and Vandalism in Mass Transit. Not only was this the first conference of its kind on this problem, but nearly 150 participants from throughout the United States and Canada were in attendance. This report is a compendium of the proceedings of the Conference, which was held on October 20-24, 1980 at the Sheraton Centre Hotel in New York City. This report presents edited reproductions of the speeches made during the plenary sessions, luncheons, and dinners at the Conference. Included also are the disscussions which occurred during the Concluding Session, when the Conference participants took part in the adoption of resolutions presented to them by a select Resolutions Committee. These resolutions were developed during the meetings of small workshop groups which immediately followed the plenary sessions, and are contained in the Appendices in this report. The resolutions are intended to function as guidelines for future actions in the area of transit crime. (UMTA) KW - Conferences KW - Crimes KW - Guidelines KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Vandalism KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335424 AU - Sinha, K C AU - Guenthner, R P AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD APPLICATION AND EVALUATION OF BUS TRANSIT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS SN - IN-11-0005 PY - 1981/03 SP - 132 p. AB - This research study was performed in two parts: 1) field examination of the use of performance measures, and 2) use of the performance evaluation model. The first part of this research surveyed 19 bus transit operators in the five state area of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The study revolved around operations data collection, and the type and degree of performance evaluation in current use. An assessment of the adequacy of the indicators was performed. The current and potential uses of performance monitoring were evaluated especially in relation to the goals and objectives of the system. In general, the study concludes that about half of the transit systems visited collect enough operating data to inexpensively develop a comprehensive performance monitoring program. The second part of this study involved implementation of the Performance Evaluation Model developed that was basically designed to evaluate the effects on performance due to a short term change in fare, headway, or number of stops on a bus route. Several cities were selected. The actual operating statistics were compared to the model output. The model was also modified to provide for more ease of use, flexibility, and accuracy. The report states that the field tests for this model have indicated its reliable estimates of a variety of performance measures. This report contains a list of references, and includes a detailed user's manual describing the data preparation and program logic. (UMTA) KW - Bus transportation KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Indicator characteristics KW - Indicators (Instruments) KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Models KW - Monitoring KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337961 AU - Ronk, L A AU - Staiano, M A AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SQUEAL NOISE FROM THE WMATA TRANSIT CAR DISC BRAKE SYSTEM: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION PY - 1981/03 SP - 50 p. AB - The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) rail transit car design adopted the use of disc brakes as the primary friction braking system. Unfortunately, while disc brakes are more efficient than the traditional tread brake designs, they are also prone to generate unpleasant squeal noise. The purpose of this study was to: (1) inspect the WMATA disc brake assembly; (2) assess disc brake squeal noise occurrence on WMATA vehicles and obtain representative A-weighted sound level measurements; (3) identify and evaluate alternative disc brake squeal; and (4) identify future research and development needs relative to disc brake systems appropriate for use on rail transit vehicles. This report states that disc brake squeal is a chronic and pervasive problem on the WMATA rail transit system. It results in a significant increase in operating sound levels during braking (4 dBA) in a large majority of braking operations (92 percent). Although a noise control treatment has been implemented, its effectiveness has not been clearly documented. Conclusions based on the findings of the investigation are presented in this report, and future research and development needs relative to disc brake systems appropriate for use on rail transit vehicles are identified. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustic properties KW - Acoustics KW - Brake disks KW - Brake pads KW - Disc brakes KW - Dynamic braking KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling friction KW - Sound level KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169290 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346131 AU - Schofer, J L AU - Turnquist, M A AU - Polzin, S E AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATING PROJECT WORTHINESS INTO A COST-EFFECTIVENESS FRAMEWORK FOR ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS PY - 1981/02 SP - 175 p. AB - Evaluating major capital investments proposed for urban transit systems is complex and difficult, not only because of the scope of alternatives and their impacts, but also because of the mixture of objectives held by various governments (local, state, federal) involved in the choice. The report clarifies some of the conflicting goals held for Alternatives Analysis, and discusses the lack of adequate concern in the evaluation for project worthiness, the relationship between monetary benefits and costs of options. A conceptual framework for integrating cost-effectiveness and worthiness analysis is developed. Some pragmatic limitations of worthiness analysis are discussed. An integrated approach to the evaluation in Alternatives Analysis is presented and related to an interactive graphics computer software system developed for accomplishing this task. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capital KW - Computer graphics KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Evaluation KW - Interactive graphics KW - Investments KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366940 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND SERVICE CHANGE MANUAL PY - 1981/02 SP - 368 p. AB - This manual is a guide to help Pennsylvania transit system managers make better use of limited physical and financial resources. It details a process for setting objectives, evaluating performance, and implementing service and fare changes. The stress is on aiding transit governing boards and management to decide the level of performance they should meet and making appropriate changes to achieve that performance. Many different performance objectives and service alternatives are described, not all of which are applicable for every system. The manual is organized in five sections: Formulation of system objectives; Setting of criteria and performance level guidelines; Evaluation methodology; Types of service changes available; Fare related changes and effects on revenues and ridership. KW - Fares KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Manuals KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance evaluations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56615/transitsystempe8141simp_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368193 AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Delaware Administration for Regional Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION OF DART SERVICE REQUIREMENTS PY - 1981/02 SP - 395 p. AB - Delaware Administration for Regional Transit, since its predecessor began acquisition of the private transit operator in 1969, has experienced a 63% increase in ridership with revitalization due in part to state and federal funding which has been made available. This report highlights the DART operation and discusses factors such as urban and socio-economic environment as well as the travel behavior of area residents in relation to future transit activity. A scenario, which includes capital as well as management recommendations, has been developed for 1981-1985. KW - Delaware KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368119 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority TI - IMPROVED STATION PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM PY - 1981/02 SP - v.p. AB - This project was to determine and develop the requirements for an improved station public address system for the New York City Transit Authority which operates 467 rapid transit stations handling a million passengers daily. Improved address systems would greatly improve mass transit service by establishing a more easily understood audio communication with patrons. The project identified PA System Requirements and looked at the station characteristics, then evaluated state-of-the-art PA system techniques. PA System hardware requirements were defined and cost estimates and time schedules for implementation of the loudspeaker systems were developed. KW - Acoustic equipment KW - Communication systems KW - Loudspeakers KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public address systems KW - Rail transit facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179387 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343662 AU - Marks, R A AU - Cassell, P AU - Johnston, A R AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC TRANSIT VEHICLE MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER PY - 1981/02 SP - 113 p. AB - The long-range objective of the Automated Mixed Traffic Vehicle (AMTV) program is to develop the sensing and logic required to operate a low-speed, driverless shuttle bus or tram in mixed traffic and to demonstrate operation of such a system in a user environment. This report describes an improved AMTV speed control system employing a microprocessor and transister chopper motor current controller and its performance is presented in terms of velocity versus time curves. The on-board computer hardware and software systems are fully described as is the software development system. All of the programming used in this controller was implemented using Fortran. This new microprocessor controller has made possible a number of new safety features and has improved the comfort associated with starting and stopping. Back-up systems are used when needed. In addition, most of the vehicle's performance characteristics can be altered by simple program parameter changes. A failure analysis of the microprocessor controller has been generated and the results are included in the Appendices, as well as flow diagrams for the speed control algorithms and complete Fortran code listings. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated mixed traffic transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automation KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Control systems KW - Controllers KW - Driverless rail transit KW - Electric vehicles KW - Error analysis KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Microcomputers KW - Microprocessors KW - Passenger comfort KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Safety features KW - Shuttle buses KW - Speed control KW - Systems analysis KW - Traffic safety KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343663 AU - Teixeira, D AU - Casey, R AU - Freilich, J AU - Ho, L AU - Slavin, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF FEDERAL AND STATE ADMINISTRATION OF UMTA'S SECTION 16(B)(2) FUNDING PROGRAM PY - 1981/02 SP - 78 p. AB - The report presents the results of a study which assesses Federal and State administration of UMTA's 16(b)(2) funding program. This section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act authorizes grants to private non-profit (PNP) organizations to assist them in purchasing vehicles to transport elderly and/or handicapped persons. UMTA is considering reform and streamlining of the 16(b) (2) program. The report traces the history of the program as it has evolved through legislation and policy and procedural guidance. Finally, reporting practices are outlined. KW - Aged KW - Capital KW - Capital productivity KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Fund allocations KW - Grant aid KW - Laws KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - United States KW - Vehicles KW - Working capital UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343629 AU - Nene, V D AU - Unified Industries, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR URBAN RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1981/02 SP - 173 p. AB - Early research and development efforts by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in the area of urban rail transit were long range programs attempting to apply advanced technology to problems plaguing U.S. transit properties. The programs themselves are known collectively as Subsystem Technology Applications to Rail Systems (STARS). This study of electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics of advanced propulsion systems, directed toward resolving total systems problems with EMI, is a part of a larger STARS program. This report describes various track circuit signalling systems and identifies different modes of possible EMI from onboard electrical power subsystems for urban rail vehicles. Chopper controlled ac drives and inverter controlled ac drives are analyzed and characterized as electromagnetic noise sources. Waveforms of currents through various reactors in the drive circuitry are presented. Finally, eleven different chopper circuit configurations are analyzed in detail in Appendix A and the characteristics of multiple-car trains are reviewed in Appendix B. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Development KW - Electric choppers KW - Electric drives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electromagnetic noise KW - Motors KW - Multiple unit cars KW - Noise (Communications) KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Signal systems KW - Signal to noise ratio KW - Stars program KW - Track circuits KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Waveform KW - Waveform analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341513 AU - Teixeira, D AU - Casey, R AU - Freilich, J AU - Ho, L AU - Slavin, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF FEDERAL AND STATE ADMINISTRATION OF UMTA'S SECTION 16(B)(2) FUNDING PROGRAM SN - MA-06-0109 PY - 1981/02 SP - 80 p. AB - This report presents the results of a study which assesses Federal and State administration of UMTA's 16(b)(2) funding program. This section of the Urban Mass Transportation Act authorizes grants to private non-profit (PNP) organizations to assist them in purchasing vehicles to transport elderly and/or handicapped persons. UMTA is considering reform and streamlining of the 16(b)(2) program. To this end, a Red Tape Reduction Task Force has already made a number of recommendations for increasing the program's efficiency. The funds, which pay 80% of the costs of vehicles, accessories, and related equipment, are allocated to states by formula, but are awarded to the PNPs on a discretionary basis. This report traces the history of the program as it has evolved through legislation and policy and procedural guidance. This guidance has been issued in a fragmentary and ambiguous manner, making it difficult for the State agencies to administer the program. The application process by which a PNP obtains funds is explained in the report. The process is often an arduous one, lasting up to two years. UMTA requires most of the clearances and approvals that are required for much more large-scale enterprises. After enduring the scrutiny of the State designated agency, the PNP application is forwarded to the UMTA Regional Office, where it may wait for long periods of time before being processed. This study revealed that UMTA approved 99% of the PNP applications. Finally, reporting practices are outlined, and this study suggests that they are excessive. Rather than sampling trips, the PNPs believe that they must record every trip of every day in every vehicle all year round. The authors uncovered no evidence that this information has been used for any purpose for which sampling would not suffice. (UMTA) KW - Administration KW - Aged KW - Federal government KW - Fund allocations KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Sampling KW - State government KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343023 AU - Rickley, E J AU - Rice, N E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIBRATION LEVEL DATA BRIGHTON-NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1981/02 SP - 54 p. AB - This report documents the results of a vibration measurement program conducted on 14-15 August 1980 in the Midwood Section of Brooklyn, New York, next to the tracks of the Brighton Line of the New York City Transit Authority. The test was conducted by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The purpose of this test was to expand the data base being developed by the TSC for the prediction of ground-borne noise and vibration from nearby transit systems. A two-story home of a private citizen at 1546 East 16th Street in Brooklyn, was instrumented with six vibration transducers in several of the rooms and on the outside patio in order to obtain a measure of the ground and structural vibration levels resulting from the passby of rapid transit trains on the nearby tracks. This house was built on the old roadbed of the Long Island Railroad in 1943 and stands approximately 30 feet from the near track of the four-track right-of-way of the Brighton Line. KW - Dwellings KW - Environmental impacts KW - Instrumentation KW - Multiple track KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Noise KW - Railroad facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Residential building KW - Resonance frequency KW - Spectrum analysis KW - Transducers KW - Vibration KW - Vibration levels KW - Vibrational spectra KW - Vibrometers KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343030 AU - Stagliano, T R AU - Mente, L J AU - Gadden, E C AU - Baxter, B W AU - Hale, W K AU - Kaman AviDyne AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PILOT STUDY FOR DEFINITION OF TRACK COMPONENT LOAD ENVIRONMENTS PY - 1981/02 SP - 229 p. AB - This report describes the results of an experimental and analytical effort to define the vehicle induced load environment in an at-grade, concrete tie/ballast transit track structure. The experiment was performed on the UMTA transit track oval at the Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado in order to establish an initial data baseline which could be extended to include data from tests conducted on various transit track structural systems. Standard experimental techniques generally were used to measure the pressures, strains, and applied wheel/rail loads in the various track structure components; however, innovations were effectively introduced for measuring pressures on the bottom of the concrete tie and in the ballast. Track design methods and analytical computer techniques for predicting the load environment in the various track components were evaluated through comparisons with the experimental data. Design conservatism in the tie/ballast transit track systems was evaluated from the aspect of stress criteria versus other design factors based on experience and initial capital costs versus maintenance costs for transit systems. KW - Analysis KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Ballast mechanics KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Concrete KW - Concrete ties KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Dynamic loads KW - Force KW - Indicating instruments KW - Inspection KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Maintenance of way KW - Mechanical properties KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Subgrade (Pavements) KW - Test tracks KW - Track component investigations KW - Track loading KW - Track structures KW - Train track dynamics KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Validation KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00349683 AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MOVING PEOPLE: AN INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1981/01 SP - 46 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/175693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335700 AU - Surti, V H AU - Tennessee State University, Nashville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKETING PUBLIC TRANSIT: CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, MARKET SEGMENTATION, AND LOW CAPITAL MARKETING APPROACHES PY - 1981/01 SP - 119 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of consumer behavior, market segmentation, and low capital marketing approaches for public transit in medium-size urban areas. Data collection was accomplished by the use of two questionnaires. One questionnaire was for the consumers in the Nashville Metropolitan Area and the other was for selected transit agencies nationwide. The following categories of questions were included on the home interview survey: work trip; modal choice; Nashville transit system; transit improvement ideas; marketing ideas; and consumer information. A proportionately stratified sample design was selected to provide a statistically reliable sample and approximately 200 personal interviews were completed. Transit questionnaires were sent to 50 transit companies serving medium-size urban areas. Twenty-six completed questionnaires (52 percent response rate) were returned. The following categories of questions were included on the transit agency survey: transit agency and service area; transit characteristics; information service and advertising; marketing; ridership and fare structure; special service; and fleet size. On the basis of the research performed and the results achieved in this project, the following recommendations are made: 1) more emphasis should be placed on marketing efforts directed toward specific market segments within the constraints of low cost marketing strategy; 2) new promotional campaigns geared to specific market segments should continue to be offered and developed; 3) efficient express bus service as a necessity for mode change to bus should be offered; 4) marketing efforts should be segmented toward those consumer characteristics that affect the mode choice decision and simultaneous service improvement is essential; and 5) travel mode segments can be identified to facilitate specific marketing efforts to improve transit patronage. (UMTA) KW - Advertising KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Improvements KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168634 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343636 AU - Silva, L AU - Comparato, T AU - Watt, C AU - Heckelmann, W AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT/DEPLOYMENT INVESTIGATION OF H-BAHN SYSTEM T2 - H-BAHN UNTERSUCHUNG VON TECHNOLOGIE, ENTWICKLUNG UND BETRIEB PY - 1981/01 SP - 352 p. AB - This report describes and provides the results of an assessment of the H-Bahn Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system under development in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is a joint U.S./German technical assessment study that was completed under a bilateral agreement between the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (MORT). The study was conducted jointly by DOT's Transportation Systems Center and the SNV Studiengesellschaft Nahverkehr mbH. The purpose of this assessment study is: (1) to gather and exchange information in AGT technology; (2) to review problems and solutions encountered during the design, development, implementation, and operation of AGT systems; (3) to obtain information on engineering, economic considerations, operational performance, and public response which can be used in planning future AGT systems; and (4) to provide urban planners with information that will enable them to determine the applicability of AGT systems to their specific transportation problems. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - City planning KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Elevated guideways KW - Engineering KW - Germany KW - H-Bahn (Hangebahn monorail) KW - Public opinion KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - Suspended structures KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170483 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337204 AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Chatterjee, A AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACT OF NEW TRANSIT SERVICE IN JOHNSON CITY, TENNESSEE PY - 1981/01 SP - 137 p. AB - The primary objectives of this study were to document important events related to the development of the transit system and to identify its impacts on: (1) the travel behavior and modal choice decisions of individuals representing different transit markets; (2) alternative suppliers of transportation services, such as social service agencies; (3) retail businesses and employers of selected categories; and (4) vehicle occupancies, roadway volumes, and the availability of downtown parking. the study relied primarily on "before" and "after" surveys of businesses, social service agencies, users of transit service, and traffic volume. Also presented is a brief review of the history of development of transit services in Johnson City. KW - Before and after studies KW - Buses KW - Impact studies KW - Johnson City (Tennessee) KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Service agencies KW - Services KW - Small cities KW - Social service KW - Tennessee KW - Traffic volume KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle occupancy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334281 AU - Chomitz, K M AU - Lave, C A AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PART-TIME LABOR, WORK RULES, AND TRANSIT COSTS PY - 1981/01 SP - 150 p. AB - This research study examines two major issues: 1) the impact of labor union work rules on bus transit operating costs, and 2) the magnitude of cost savings that can be expected from the use of part-time drivers. These issues are examined within the context of finding ways to reduce transit deficits. The work rules analyzed in this report include restrictions on part-time labor, changes in spread premium, and limitations on maximum spread time for drivers. Labor costs were estimated using the RUCUS automated scheduling program which was applied to actual service schedules from five U.S. transit properties. The analysis yielded cost estimates for a total of 45 combinations of work rules and service schedules, and revealed that: 1) paying spread time after 10 hours, rather than 12, boosts labor cost by 4 percent to 7 percent with negligible effect on number of drivers required; 2) the effect of reducing the maximum spread time is highly sensitive to the peak/base ratio and the interval between the morning and evening peak; and 3) savings from the use of part-time labor, under favorable conditions, will be in the range of 3 to 8 percent but may be canceled out by wage increases necessary to secure union approval of the change. This report concludes that work rule changes are no panacea for transit deficits; the principal source of deficits is the decision to maintain low fares and low-patronage routes. The appendixes in this report include a glossary of scheduling terminology, and tables and simplified methods that can be used to estimate the cost effects of work rule changes in a given transit property. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Computer programs KW - Fares KW - Impact studies KW - Labor costs KW - Labor unions KW - Operating costs KW - Part time employees KW - Ridership KW - Savings KW - Scheduling KW - Work rules UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5606/836a.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56495/parttimelaborwo1100inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344496 AU - Lam, T N AU - SCHULER, H J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT CONNECTIVITY. VOLUME 1 PY - 1981/01 SP - 55 p. AB - This 2-volume study develops and tests a methodology for measuring network connectivity for the purpose of evaluating transit system design and transit performance. The study approach involves looking at the problem from the perspectives of graph theory, urban transportation planning models, and statistical sampling. Volume 1 considers the total system and problem setting and the different factors that influence the development of the transit network, routes and schedules, and the quality of services rendered. Volume 1 also provides numerical examples to illustrate the steps in applying the connectivity methodology for the evaluation of transit operations. KW - Connectivity KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Links (Networks) KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Performance evaluations KW - Quality of service KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Statistical sampling KW - System design KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system design KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344497 AU - Lam, T M AU - Mohammadi, B AU - Uyeno, M AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT CONNECTIVITY. VOLUME 2 PY - 1981/01 SP - 158 p. AB - This 2-volume study develops and tests a methodology for measuring network connectivity for the purpose of evaluating transit system design and transit performance. Volume 2 discusses the research results along with the case studies involving actual data and transit systems for 5 regions in California. The authors state that the case studies indicate that the concept is sound, the indices are meaningful in representing connectivity, the data requirement for calculating the indices is minimal, and the procedures are very easy to put into practical use. KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Connectivity KW - Links (Networks) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Statistical analysis KW - System design KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system design KW - Transportation systems KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335706 AU - Jackson, N AU - Earvin, L AU - Clark College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERCEPTIONS OF TRANSIT-LINKED DEVELOPMENT IN MINORITY NEIGHBORHOODS: THREE CASE STUDIES PY - 1981/01 SP - 28 p. AB - The objective of this study, using Atlanta, Georgia as the study site, was to examine the perceptions of diverse groups regarding the potential for transit-linked development in minority neighborhoods. Case studies were conducted in three minority neighborhoods. The neighborhoods were all on the nearly completed MARTA East-West fixed rail line. The focus of the study was the potential impact that a neighborhood transit station could have on the neighborhood's business district. Two techniques were used to collect the data for the study: 1) the plans and documents used in the development of the neighborhood transit station were analyzed to assess their impact on land-use in the neighborhoods under study and 2) interviews were conducted with leaders of business organizations, community groups, and developers and planners in reference to their perceptions of the business investment opportunities generated by transit-linked development. The perceptions of the different groups were compared to determine whether each group was supportive, opposed to, or indifferent in its attitudes toward the potential for transit-linked development in minority neighborhoods. Analysis revealed that improved land-use was a corollary objective of transit station development as reflected in the plans and documents studied. It was also found that all of the groups interviewed were optimistic about the potential for transit-linked development in minority neighborhoods. However, the planners and residents were more cautious about the prospects for transit-linked development than the businessmen and developers. It was also evident that those neighborhoods without effective business organizations would find it difficult to benefit from transit-linked development. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Economic development KW - Economic impacts KW - Land use KW - Minorities KW - Neighborhoods KW - Rapid transit KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335431 AU - Rohe, W M AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAVEL TO WORK PATTERNS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED DATA FROM THE ANNUAL HOUSING SURVEY PY - 1981/01 SP - 182 p. AB - The annual housing survey travel-to-work file has provided researchers and practitioners with an opportunity to describe the travel patterns of various socioeconomic and geographic population subgroups, and to explore the relationship between other transportation related variables. The study was designed to utilize these survey data and provide a preliminary analysis of a wide range of questions of interest to both the authors and the staff of the Department of Transportation. This report is organized by questions. Summaries of the major results are presented and each question is concluded with discussion of the findings based on the previously stated hypotheses. This report addresses twelve questions representing the following five topic areas: 1) travel-to-work patterns of selected groups including men, women, working wives, female household heads, residents of public and subsidized housing, residents of mobile homes, and residents of various size communities; 2) travel-to-work mode shift patterns of American workers; 3) the relationship between the perception and use of public transit; 4) the interrelationships of perceived neighborhood attributes and travel patterns; and 5) the relationships between residential mobility and travel patterns. The data used in the analysis is from the annual housing survey travel-to-work file. Both the 1975 national sample and the 1975-76 Atlanta, Chicago, and San Francisco SMSA samples were used. This report contains a bibliography. (UMTA) KW - Bibliographies KW - Females KW - Gender KW - Modal shift KW - Neighborhoods KW - Perception KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel patterns KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337960 AU - Kurzweil, L G AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHEEL/RAIL NOISE CONTROL - A CRITICAL EVALUATION PY - 1981/01 SP - 162 p. AB - Noise and vibration are the major sources of environmental impact from urban rail transit operations, and is a concern for both new and existing systems. One of the primary sources of noise on rail transit systems is wheel/rail noise, or, the noise emitted by the wheels and rails as a result of their interaction. The purpose of this report is to carefully review and summarize the available information on each of the known or conceptualized methods for controlling wheel/rail noise and to identify requirements for further research, development, and testing. The report discusses the acoustical performance, costs, potential, or actual problems of these methods and suggestions are made for resolving uncertainties in the available data. This review is also particularly intended to help direct the remaining work to be performed under this project. In addition, a cost-effectiveness analysis is carried out to help in the selection of specific noise control methods for further study. The rationale for selecting each such treatment is presented. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Concrete finishing KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Development KW - Maintenance KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Roughness KW - Seal coats KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161652 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Proposed Transit Assistance Act of 1981 : environmental impact statement PY - 1981///Volumes held: Draft KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462797 AU - Kwok, B S AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - PASSENGER FLOW ANALYSIS, 1978, RIVERSIDE LINE, MBTA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981 SP - 93 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger flow KW - Passenger traffic KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343732 AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1981 SP - 362p-in 5v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172340 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00948875 AU - Dial, Robert B AU - CODY, ROBERT B AU - TIGHE, MICHAEL F AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Technical Information Service TI - SDL, A SOFTWARE DESIGN LANGUAGE. PY - 1981 IS - PB84-222272 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Information processing KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Sdl (Computer program) KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601860 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471486 AU - PRC Harris, Incorporated AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission AU - Greater Bridgeport Reg Plng Agency AU - Fairfield Parking Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FAIRFIELD TRAIN STATION/CENTER STUDY, FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1981 SP - v.p. AB - Fairfield Center is an area comprising commercial and retail establishments, professional and business offices, Town government, public institutions, a few industrial plants and residential districts. Parking problems in Fairfield Center sparked this study whose goals were to: adequately provide for the parking needs of railroad commuters with minimal infringement on Fairfield Center parking needs; quantify parking needs within the Center; provide a rational traffic circulation plan which accommodates present and future needs within the Center; suggest land use development options which would strengthen and foster growth in Town Center; recommend a comprehensive parking and traffic plan, implementable in stages, to meet the needs of both railroad commuters and Center establishments; and provide a comprehensive plan which meets the goal of the Town of Fairfield towards preserving and projecting a pleasant image of the community. KW - Central business districts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Parking demand KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Traffic flow KW - Urban growth UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366951 AU - McCrosson, D AU - Yang, S AU - Peoni, M AU - Schmidt/Claffey Architects, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WASHINGTON STREET TRANSIT MALL STUDY PY - 1981 SP - 48 p. AB - The study was conducted to determine the feasibility of constructing a transit mall while maintaining some level of automobile traffic on Washington Street in Indianapolis. Existing conditions of transit, traffic and pedestrian movements were analyzed. Eight alternatives with varous combinations of auto, bus and pedestrian spaces were evaluated against a set of fourteen (14) planning objectives. The study recommended a design scheme consisting of four (4) 10-foot lanes of auto traffic confined to the north side of Washington Street with bus lanes on the south side divided by a central passenger loading island. The design retains the existing sidewalk widths. The study provided cost estimates for the project to be funded through the City's Interstate Substitution and local matching funds. It also provided guidance on necessary steps toward a successful implementation of the Washington Street Transit Mall project. An appendix contains the summary of major proposed development projects in Downtown Indianapolis which may impact this project. KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Indianapolis (Indiana) KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Traffic flow KW - Transit mails KW - Transit malls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178102 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331085 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROFILE OF TRANSIT MANAGERS BY LENGTH OF SERVICE PY - 1980/12/31 SP - n.p. AB - This report contains a roster of current managers of 148 publicly owned transit systems operating 30 or more vehicles in the peak hour identified by urbanized areas in order of the date of the appointment of the manager. 35 of the managers were appointed in 1980, 35 in 1979, and 17 in 1978 making a total of 87 (58.7%) in place less than 3 years. 11 (7.5%) completed 10 or more years in 1980 as the manager of the system he now heads. The average tenure of the managers was 3 years and 11 months. Of the 35 replaced in 1980, 2 had been appointed in 1980, 5 were appointed in 1979, 4 in 1978, 8 in 1977, 6 in 1976, and 10 in 1975 or earlier. Of those replaced, the longest tenure was 9 years and 11 months and the shortest was 6 months. Among the reasons for departure were 4 retirements, 7 contract management firm transfers, 2 promotions, 10 resignations to accept another transit management role, 10 other resignations, and 2 deaths. Management firms were involved in 13 of the 34 changes, with 7 transfers and 6 retirements or resignations among those replaced. KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365165 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ABSTRACTS. VOLUME 7 PY - 1980/12 SP - 177 p. AB - This is the seventh edition of the Annual Volume of the Urban Mass Transportation Abstracts. This is a compilation of abstracts of all reports published in 1980 describing results of various research, development, and demonstration activities of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). This document reflects UMTA's continuing commitment to the dissemination of technical report information to government, state, and local transportation agencies; private industry; and the general public. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Buses KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454976 AU - Miczek, W AU - Chicago Department of Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE WORK SCHEDULES ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS PY - 1980/12 SP - 73 p. AB - This study examines the impacts of implementing Staggered Work Hours, Flextime, and the Compressed Work Week from a business operations perspective. A survey of Chicago Central Area employers was undertaken in order to determine their attitudes toward each type of Alternative Work Schedule (AWS), in what manner they expect AWS to affect business operations and the relationship between peak hour congestion and employees work schedules. Chapter II presents a review of the literature on Alternative Work Schedules, Chapter III describes the survey methodology, and Chapter IV discusses the survey results. KW - Central business districts KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Employers KW - Flexible hours KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Staggered work hours KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394477 AU - RYAN, J M AU - Stahr, M T AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BALTIMORE TRAVEL DEMAND DATASET USER'S GUIDE PY - 1980/12 SP - 132 p. AB - The Baltimore Travel Demand Data Set is a comprehensive set of information describing the travel behavior of 967 households in Baltimore, Maryland. These data were collected in a home interview survey of a representative sample of households in May and June, 1977. Additional data have been appended where appropriate. Table 1 summarizes the information included in the data set. The Guide presents a comprehensive description of the data set. Descriptions of the survey instrument, interview process, and sample selections are included in the overview. The remainder of the Guide is devoted to a detailed description of the variables and their locations in the various files. The appendices include a copy of the survey instrument, a detailed description of the sampling process and a description of level of service data preparation. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Data collection KW - Households KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387967 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority TI - DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER DETROIT, MICHIGAN. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1980/12 SP - v.p. AB - This Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) documents the environmental impacts of alternative distribution/circulation systems in the Detroit Central Business District (CBD) and responds to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS. Two alternatives to improve downtown circulation were examined in detail. The first is an automated transit system that would operate in an elevated, tracked guideway and would be controlled from a central operations facility. This Downtown People Mover system would be a 2.96-mile, single-lane, elevated loop around the CBD and would serve thirteen stations. The second is a circulator bus system, which could range from continuation of the two-route circulator now operating downtown to an extensive new system serving the same thirteen stops as the Downtown People Mover. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Central business districts KW - Detroit (Michigan) KW - Environmental impacts KW - People movers KW - Shuttle buses UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52000/52049/downtownpeoplemo00unse.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208727 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366964 AU - Morris, R E AU - Merrill, K S AU - Decision Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VERIFYING RAPID RAILCAR SYSTEM DESIGNS PRIOR TO PRODUCTION PY - 1980/12 SP - 43 p. AB - The issue of new rapid transit cars which cannot be effectively maintained and confidently operated in scheduled service was examined. Practicable remedies were formulated, the resources required to implement each alternative were estimated, and the implications of implementation were evaluated. The most cost-effective remedy would be for UMTA to (1) require transit authorities to purchase only replications or evolutionary successor versions of dependable rapid railcar designs operating in revenue service and (2) to permit only service-evaluated products to be used in their construction. Such a requirement would also advance rapid railcar technology standardization by precluding new rapid transit operators from specifying completely new car system designs for their initial fleets. Until conformance with this proposed remedy becomes a condition for federal funding participation in the procurement of new revenue cars, UMTA should require that new revenue cars of a car system design which is significantly different from cars operated in scheduled service by the purchaser must be verified during a pre-procurement program. Verification shall not be required for car system designs which are evolutionary successors to dependable car system designs operated in scheduled revenue service. KW - Acceptance tests KW - Carbuilders KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343604 AU - Burkhardt, R AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PLAN FOR DOWNTOWN TRANSIT AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1980/12 SP - 59 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to structure transit improvements that complement and reinforce a revitalization strategy for downtown Bridgeport. The specific objectives of the report were to: (1) explore a range of transit service improvements for downtown Bridgeport; and (2) maximize the impact of these service improvements by coordinating transit with the emerging economic development objectives for the downtown. The report illustrates that transit systems can play a major role in CBD revitalization when a combination of transit service improvements, streets, and pedestrian improvements are coordinated. KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Commercial buildings KW - Communities KW - Connecticut KW - Economic development KW - Improvements KW - Joint development KW - Level of service KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Streets KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335710 AU - Billheimer, J W AU - Trexler, R R AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION IMPACT ASSESSMENT PY - 1980/12 SP - 280 p. AB - This Evaluation Handbook has been developed to assist project managers and contractors responsible for evaluating urban deployment demonstration projects sponsored by the Office of Technology Development and Deployment (UTD) of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). It is designed to help ensure compatibility among the evaluations conducted by the UTD Program Offices, and has been prepared in a modular loose-leaf format so that it can be easily updated to reflect current evaluation experience. The Handbook is organized into six major chapters: The Introduction; The Evaluation Process; Impacts; Data Collection; Data Analysis; and Validity and Transferability. The Handbook provides guidance for: 1) planning the evaluation of urban demonstration projects; 2) establishing project objectives and specifying evaluation criteria; defining variables, designing surveys, and collecting data; using statistical tests and mathematical models to analyze data; identifying and countering threats to validity; improving the transferability of findings; and preparing evaluation reports. Although this Handbook has been prepared specifically for UMTA's UTD Program Offices, its potential applicability extends beyond the evaluation of UMTA-sponsored transit demonstrations to the evaluation of any type of transportation innovation. (UMTA) KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Impact studies KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mathematical models KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168641 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343608 AU - Crowley, K W AU - Sweeney, D G AU - Ricondo, R AU - Brugnoli, I P AU - Helmsworth, M C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT: AN OVERVIEW AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1980/12 SP - 115 p. AB - This report presents the results of a detailed review of the literature on urban goods movement (UGM) published in North America between 1970 and 1980. The overview includes an examination of the scope of the UGM problem, data collection, planning methodologies, government policies, regulations, proposed solutions, and areas for further research. The proposed solutions discussed in detail are transportation system management strategies, freight consolidation, and off-hours delivery. The literature search was conducted using manual and computer-based techniques. The Appendices include a list of North American publications not reviewed in the project and a list of non-North American publications. KW - Bibliographies KW - Cargo transportation KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Common carriers KW - Distribution systems KW - Freight transportation KW - Government policies KW - Highway transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Laws and legislation KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Physical distribution KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Railroads KW - Regulations KW - Research projects KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Trucks KW - Urban areas KW - Urban goods movement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170465 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334668 AU - Knapp, S F AU - Worthington, H AU - Burkhardt, J E AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WISCONSIN MANUAL TO COORDINATE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN RURAL AND SMALL URBAN COUNTIES PY - 1980/12 SP - 276 p. AB - This manual has been prepared for use by local officials and staff to assist in the development of coordinated county-wide transportation services for the elderly and handicapped (E&H). It is intended for use in the coordination of both specialized and public transportation in the predominantly rural counties of Wisconsin. The manual is a product of the development of coordination plans in three counties in Wisconsin: Chippewa, Eau Claire, and Rock Counties. The manual shows how to prepare a plan for the development of specialized transportation services in rural and small urban counties. The process assumes for its starting point the existing services for E&H persons within county-based service areas, and it incorporates an assessment of these services in terms of their efficiency and effectiveness. The assessment of efficiency is based on the measurement of five ratios of operating characteristics which are compared with ratios from similar services throughout the country. Likewise, three measures of effectiveness are compared with appropriate nationwide measures. These assessments help to determine the need for better coordination or more service. The manual describes steps to improve coordination, and it includes methods and guidance for projecting costs and ridership, managing financial affairs, and implementing new or revised services. This report provides a bibliography and appendices with materials used in the assessment of the need for coordination, of alternatives, of developing a financial plan, and of implementing the service. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Counties KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Manuals KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Special service KW - Transportation planning KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56429/handicappedplan8116suef_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164878 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329061 AU - Loxley, C J AU - Luce, P AU - Osiecki, T AU - Rodenrys, K AU - Thanawala, S AU - Wharton Econometrics Forecasting Associates, Inc AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVISIONS TO THE WHARTON EFA AUTOMOBILE DEMAND MODEL: THE WHARTON EFA MOTOR VEHICLE DEMAND MODEL (MARK I) PY - 1980/12 SP - 177 p. AB - The report documents revisions made to the Wharton EFA Automobile Demand Model to produce the Wharton EFA Motor Vehicle Demand Model (Mark I). Equations are reestimated for the total desired stock of autos and for desired shares by size class, including the foreign size classes. The automobile data was adjusted to exclude passenger vans, so equations for total new registrations, scrappage, and new registrations by size class are estimated. New data also allowed reestimated WEFA and EPA miles per gallon equations in cross-section and time series. Vehicle miles traveled are estimated as the sum of urban and rural vehicle miles per car, which are the results of new behavioral equations. Consistent procedures are found for aggregation of vehicle miles and MPGs to produce average fuel economy and gasoline consumption. Automobile price equations and equations for related price indices are reestimated, as are equations for linkages to the WEFA Annual Model. Finally, a forecast through 1987 is presented and discussed. KW - Automobile rack cars KW - Automobiles KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economic models KW - Equations KW - Forecasting KW - Freight traffic KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inventory control KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Mathematical models KW - Motor vehicles KW - Prices KW - Supply KW - Supply management KW - Time series analysis KW - Traffic forecasting KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329023 AU - Soot, S AU - Stenson, H H AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF TRANSIT USE IN AREAS OF HIGH AND LOW TRAVEL DENSITY PY - 1980/12 SP - 79 p. AB - The report addresses several questions regarding the manner in which information on transit systems should be prepared and disseminated. The report is divided into six chapters, ranging in topics from the fundamental broad-based questions of how well urban residents understand their city and the transit system, to specific questions of what to include on a transit map. The report identifies the numerous steps a transit planner needs to consider in preparing a comprehensive information dissemination (marketing) program. In this report, the six studies of cognitive factors in mass transit use are reported, namely: (1) Interviewers posing as lost travelers gathered route information from fellow travelers; (2) Business establishments were telephoned and asked for route information/direction to their places of business; (3) Bus riders were surveyed to determine whether route names or route numbers were preferred; (4) Distance perception and "mental maps" of Chicago were studied in a sample of respondents; (5) Three varieties of transit route maps were tested for their utility to users; and (6) A literature survey of cognitive factors in transportation use was performed. All studies point out problems existing in the proper form and usage of transit route information by the public. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Data collection KW - Information dissemination KW - Information systems KW - Maps KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Public information KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328912 AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE OF THE SUBWAY ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION COMPUTER PROGRAM PY - 1980/12 SP - 239 p. AB - This document summarizes the software maintenance activities performed to support the Subway Environment Simulation (SES) Computer Program. The SES computer program is a design-oriented analytic tool developed during a recent five-year research project focusing on methods for environmental control in underground rapid transit systems. As discussed in The Subway Environmental Design Handbook, computer simulation was used to overcome the deficiencies of closed-form mathematical modeling, and was validated using scale models and field-testing. The Handbook was developed as a guide and reference for the planning, design, construction, and operation of environmental control systems for underground rapid transit. Shortly after the publication of the Handbook, SES was released to the rail transit community for the purpose of reducing the environmental problems of existing systems, and to help plan facilities and establish standard procedures for improved environmental control in new systems. This report is published in order to aid users of the program in realizing these goals. KW - Aerodynamic effects KW - Aerodynamic force KW - Aerodynamics KW - Air KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Air flow KW - Atmospheric circulation KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental control KW - Environmental engineering KW - Environmental quality KW - Flow KW - Handbooks KW - Needs assessment KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Subway environment KW - Subways KW - Temperature control KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335926 AU - Crowley, K W AU - Sweeney, D G AU - Ricondo, R AU - Brugnoli, I P AU - Helmsworth, M C AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT: AN OVERVIEW AND BIBLIOGRAPHY. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/12 SP - 7 p. AB - This report is a summary of the results of a detailed review of the literature on urban goods movement (UGM) published in North America between 1970 and 1980. This period was chosen because it was considered the most useful for current needs and because it logically extends the work of an earlier UMTA-sponsored report: An Annotated Bibliography on Urban Goods Movement, prepared by Northwestern University in 1972. The objective of the research reported here is to provide a guide to the more recent literature for those persons concerned with various aspects of the urban freight movement process. The Final Report of this summary, available separately, contains a general overview of the literature and a bibliography of 172 primary entries with abstracts. The appendices in the Final Report include a list of North American publications not reviewed in the project and a list of non-North American publications. This report is a summary of the overview in the Final Report. The overview includes an examination of the scope of the UGM problem, data collection, planning methodologies, government policies, regulations, proposed solutions, and areas for further research. The proposed solutions discussed in detail are transportation system management strategies, freight consolidation, and off-hours delivery. The literature search was conducted using manual and computer-based techniques. (UMTA) KW - Bibliographies KW - Data collection KW - Delivery service KW - Freight traffic KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Research KW - Reviews KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334887 AU - Brown County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GREEN BAY TRANSIT SYSTEM ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLAN PY - 1980/12 SP - 57 p. AB - Energy contingency planning is encouraged by the federal and state governments to prepare local transit systems for a possible fuel emergency in the 1980's, similar to or perhaps more severe than the gasoline shortages of 1973-1974 and 1979. During those periods no standby plans were available to cope with a sudden change in fuel supplies. This plan examines numerous options for coping with such an event to determine their feasibility and possible application to the Green Bay Transit System. A fuel emergency can vary in nature and possible actions are listed. This report serves as a standby plan and does not require any specific actions be taken, but suggests the best ways to minimize the impacts of a future gasoline shortfall. KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Emergencies KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337302 AU - CRAIN, J L AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 321(B) RAIL RETROFIT EVALUATION-LIGHT AND COMMUTER RAIL SYSTEMS: SUMMARY REPORT. VOLUME I PY - 1980/12 SP - 421 p. AB - The objectives of this 321 (b) Rail Retrofit Evaluation are: (1) to develop all costs (capital and operating over a 50-year period) of making all UMTA funded light and commuter rail systems accessible to handicapped persons; (2) to develop solutions to accessibility problems in sufficient detail to estimate associated costs, and to determine technical and operational feasibility; (3) to estimate the transportation demand for these accessible services, and the benefits of these services to handicapped and other persons, in sufficient detail to comment on cost effectiveness. This report summarizes accessibility solutions and cost estimates for 25 light rail and commuter rail systems on a systemwide and national total basis. Documentation on costing methodology, criteria, and proposed vehicle modifications is included. The report includes an errata sheet describing corrections subsequent to reviews by transit agencies and handicapped representatives. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Availability KW - Commuter cars KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Human factors KW - Human factors engineering KW - Life cycle costing KW - Lifts KW - Light rail transit KW - Needs assessment KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Retrofitting KW - Supply KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753370 AU - Daniel, G AU - Hoyler, R AU - Izumi, G AU - Mackinnon, D AU - Priver, A AU - Sussman, D AU - Chambliss, A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT PY - 1980/11 SP - 112 p. AB - While advanced transit concepts offer the promise of improving the service and the cost effectiveness of urban transit, many technological problems must be solved before advanced systems can be widely deployed. To address these problems, the federal government established the AGT Supporting Technology (AGTST) program. The AGTST program includes many projects aimed at specific problem areas. Current studies encompass overall system operation, passenger handling in stations, safety and reliability, guideway and station technology. In addition, a number of projects are directed towards the development of new transit technologies including sensors and control, propulsion, and power collection. This overview describes the AGTST program and presents results which are available or will be available in the near future. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Design KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Passenger operations KW - Passengers KW - Problem identification KW - Problem solving KW - Safety KW - Safety practices KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468014 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT BROADWAY PLAZA NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK PY - 1980/11 SP - v.p. AB - This Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) documents the environmental impacts of and responds to substantive comments received on the Draft EIS for proposed transportation alternatives for Times Square in New York City. The first alternative, known as Broadway Plaza, is a proposed pedestrian/transit mall. Broadway would be closed to vehicular traffic between 45th and 48th Streets, and the portion of the street now used for autos would be replaced with new paving, pedestrian amenities, lay-bys for buses and taxis, a center for transit information, and a continuous bicycle lane. Crosstown streets will remain open to traffic, thus creating three pedestrian plazas. The transitway at the eastern edge of the pedestrian plazas will extend north along Broadway an additional block to 49th Street, and will introduce a series of operational measures designed to give preferential treatment to transit vehicles as far north as Columbus Circle. The second alternative is the no build alternative. This alternative would maintain the existing right-of-way of Broadway between 45th and 49th Streets as a public thoroughfare for vehicles and the sidewalks and traffic islands which are adjacent to it for pedestrian circulation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - New York (New York) KW - No build KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Transit malls KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281666 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387984 AU - Environmental Protection Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE AND URBAN PEDESTRIAN AREAS PY - 1980/11 SP - v.p. AB - This study consists of three reports which treat the subject of noise within the context of urban pedestrian areas. The main concern of the study is noise mitigation, although its contents cover a wide range of topics related to noise in the urban environment. The first report, "Noise Mitigation Techniques for Pedestrian Areas: State-of-the Art," is intended to serve local governments as a planning guide to noise mitigation techniques appropriate to pedestrian improvements. Although extensive research has been done on noise mitigation and on pedestrian areas, little analysis has been done treating the two subjects together. The noise mitigation techniques which have potential for application in pedestrian areas have had to be drawn from a variety of other applications. The second report, "The Application of Noise Mitigation Techniques in Pedestrian Areas," goes beyond the conceptual treatment of noise a presented in the first report to an understanding of the environment of the pedestrian area. The concern of this report is to determine how noise has actually been treated in the planning, design and/or operation of pedestrian areas which have been or are being constructed in the United States. A questionnaire was sent to eighteen malls throughout the country. The analysis showed that nearby surface transportation vehicles are the major contributors to the noise levels in and around pedestrian areas. Another major source of noise is construction equipment. Efforts to mitigate the noise from these sources include routing vehicles away from the pedestrian area, the use of masking noise to prevent unwanted sound intrusion, retrofitting buses and construction equipment, the use of temporary enclosures around construction equipment, limiting the hours during which construction is permitted and purchasing quieter construction equipment. The main focus of the third report, "An Evaluation of Noise and Urban Spaces," was to determine if certain design elements commonly found in public spaces have any effect on the reduction of noise. Several public plazas in New York City were monitored. Several factors appear to have some effect on the reduction of noise levels--changes in site elevation, distance from the noise source and walls positioned between the source and recipient of noise. The intent of the entire study is twofold--to serve as an introduction to the subject of noise in urban pedestrian areas and to an impetus for continued exploration. KW - Architecture KW - Buses KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Sound level KW - Transit malls UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371592 AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: A CASE STUDY PY - 1980/11 SP - 75 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of a very successful innovation in urban passenger transportation, which was introduced by the Chicago and North Western (CNW) Railway to provide suburban or commuter rail service. This study was motivated by two considerations: 1) to develop an understanding of those factors which influence the performance of a public transportation system as a basis for identifying ways in which such systems can be modified so as to better serve actual travel needs at a reasonable cost and 2) to nurture interest in developing methods of anlaysis that would aid in the creation of successful and desirable innovations. During the 1960's and 1970's, prior to take-over by a newly-formed regional transportation authority, the CNW was able to provide rail passenger service that was equal to or better than that of other railroads in terms of service quality, while at the same time, it was experiencing both operating and capital costs that were considerably lower. With fare levels that were roughly equal to or in some cases, less than those of other commuter systems, CNW was able to cover all expenses and make a profit. The low costs can be traced to a coordinated set of innovations that touched almost every aspect of the service. While these were very significant in terms of reducing costs, they also represented logical adaptations of known railroad systems and institutions. This study examines this innovation in the context of an overall framework from examining changes in transport technology or production processes. This framework encompasses both changes in the product, the "price-level of service package" offered the public, and the means used to produce that product. This enables the identification of generic types of innovations instituted by the CNW which could be applied to other forms of urban transit systems. KW - Capital costs KW - Case studies KW - Chicago and North Western Railway Company KW - Chicago and North Western Transportation Company KW - Fares KW - Innovation KW - Operating costs KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368191 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN TEXAS PY - 1980/11 SP - 210 p. AB - In late 1980 Texas had 18 regular municipal transit systems, at least 316 taxicab operations of which 226 reported, 555 human services providers, and 51 other paratransit operators. Details, financial and operational, of all these are given, along with data on intercity bus and Amtrak passenger train operations in the State. A Public Transportation Fund (PTF) was established in 1975 to supply state funding for capital assistance to Texas transit. The proliferation of human-services transportation providers has produced a need for coordination of such transportation efforts and also led to charges of unfair competition by the taxicab industry. Recommendations are made by the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation after 5-1/2 years of public transit funding concerning administration of PTF and also its liason with the transit operations. Allocation of PTF between major urban areas and the smaller urban and rural areas is discussed. Other legislative recommendations would permit public transit authorities to be established anywhere with local voter approval. A single agency should coordinate the provision of local human service transportation. Only a continuation of capital funding, no operating assistance, was also recommended. KW - Capital KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy making KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - State government KW - Statistics KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343679 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Stern, W AU - HENDERSON, R AU - Smith, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME 2: URBAN AREA CASE STUDIES PY - 1980/11 SP - 258 p. AB - UMTA's Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) program aims to determine where and under what conditions AGT service characteristics will satisfy the travel needs and socioeconomic requirements of urban areas in a manner that is competitive with or superior to other transportation alternatives. This 3-volume study investigates the potential of single line AGT relative to current non-automated transit technologies to provide transportation in urban areas and to contribute to the revitalization of urban areas. The study Volume 2 examines 11 site-specific alternatives analyses within three representative urban areas, describing the results of case studies conducted in the Chicago, Atlanta, and Dallas urban areas. Specific settings examined include corridors, central business districts, suburban activity centers, and medical centers. System design, ridership and cost estimates are reviewed for each site. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Central business districts KW - Corridors KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Georgia KW - Illinois KW - Market surveys KW - Needs assessment KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - System design KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system design KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170517 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335704 AU - Rowe, P G AU - Glenn, C W AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR. SUMMARY PY - 1980/11 SP - 10 p. AB - The specific objectives of this study were to: 1) identify alternative public policies, or actions, that can potentially reduce energy consumption attributable to transportation services within an urban area; 2) estimate and evaluate the performance characteristics of alternative strategies for achieving reductions in energy consumption and in maintaining personal mobility; 3) assess the practical feasibility of applying selected strategies after considering their likely social and economic effects, their probable environmental consequences, and their judicial and administrative requirements; and 4) attempt to identify appropriate mixes of strategies, if they are to be had, that achieve energy conservation while still preserving relatively high levels of personal mobility, environmental quality, and social equity. This study identified and analyzed actions and policy instruments aimed at reducing fuel consumption in the transportation sector. The study area for the investigation was Houston and Harris County, Texas, which is a low density metropolitan area exhibiting a high dependence on the use of private automobiles as a means of transportation. Actions examined included direct restrictions on fuel purchasing; transportation pricing strategies; efforts to encourage transit ridership, ridesharing, and paratransit alternatives; and improvement of vehicular operating efficiencies. Both short-term contingency plans and longer-term plans for conservation were considered, as well as the institutional framework within which such plans could be carried out. Generally, it was found that application of a strategy incorporating a number of actions influencing both supply and demand for transportation could result in future fuel consumption significantly below current levels. However, the effect of transit in reducing fuel consumption, except in the long-term, seems likely to be marginal. With proper planning, short-term reductions in available fuel supplies may also be accomodated. (UMTA) KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Impact studies KW - Incentives KW - Paratransit services KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335705 AU - Rowe, P G AU - Glenn, C W AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY SAVINGS IN THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR PY - 1980/11 SP - 93 p. AB - The specific objectives of this study were to: 1) identify alternative public policies, or actions, that can potentially reduce energy consumption attributable to transportation services within an urban area; 2) estimate and evaluate the performance characteristics of alternative strategies for achieving reductions in energy consumption and in maintaining personal mobility; 3) assess the practical feasibility of applying selected strategies after considering their likely social and economic effects, their probable environmental consequences, and their judicial and administrative requirements; and 4) attempt to identify appropriate mixes of strategies, if they are to be had, that achieve energy conservation while still preserving relatively high levels of personal mobility, environmental quality, and social equity. This study identified and analyzed actions and policy instruments aimed at reducing fuel consumption in the transportation sector. The study area for the investigation was Houston and Harris County, Texas, which is a low density metropolitan area exhibiting a high dependence on the use of private automobiles as a means of transportation. Actions examined included direct restrictions on fuel purchasing; transportation pricing strategies; efforts to encourage transit ridership, ridesharing, and paratransit alternatives; and improvement of vehicular operating efficiencies. Both short-term contingency plans and longer-term plans for conservation were considered, as well as the institutional framework within which such plans could be carried out. Generally, it was found that application of a strategy incorporating a number of actions influencing both supply and demand for transportation could result in future fuel consumption significantly below current levels. However, the effect of transit in reducing fuel consumption, except in the long-term, seems likely to be marginal. With proper planning, short-term reductions in available fuel supplies may also be accomodated. (Author) KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Impact studies KW - Incentives KW - Paratransit services KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Reduction KW - Reduction (Chemistry) KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168636 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343680 AU - National Analysts, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME 3: A CASE STUDY OF CONSUMER ATTITUDES PY - 1980/11 SP - 173 p. AB - The report represents one part of a larger project to determine where and under what conditions automated guideway transit (AGT) will provide cost-effective service that satisfies urban area travel demand. In Volume 3, a two-phase survey consisting of an exploratory phase (6 group interviews) and a quantitative phase (550 personal interviews) was conducted. Consumer transportation preferences are reported in terms of the importance attached to selected features (transit mode, price, travel time, frequency of service). Factors such as system location, vehicle size, vehicle reliability, driver/station attendants, station location, and seat guarantee are addressed. These factors are examined by four purpose/destination segments (work and non-work travel, downtown and suburban areas) and the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of survey participants. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Attitudes KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Consumer protection KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Estimates KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Market surveys KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Needs assessment KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Trip purpose KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Vehicle characteristics KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343725 AU - Foerster, J F AU - Miller, F G AU - Muthukumaran, N AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTING COST-EFFECTIVE SERVICE INTERVAL PLANNING METHODS FOR BUS TRANSIT VEHICLES: A CASE STUDY PY - 1980/11 SP - 93 p. AB - The report examines new methods for controlling maintenance costs and improving vehicle reliability. It is a published evaluation of systems failure data for selected components of 1975-76 GMC buses. The results indicate that optimal service intervals for major engine and drive train components can be established when accurate failure, replacement, and cost data are available. Analysis of incomplete data from a major transit property generates results that suggest current replacement intervals may not be optimal. KW - Buses KW - Components KW - Computer programming KW - Cost control KW - Diesel engines KW - Drive trains KW - Evaluation KW - Failure KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - System failure KW - Systems engineering KW - Vehicle drive systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170544 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343678 AU - KOCUR, G AU - Nagin, D AU - Reid, P AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF THE U.S. MARKET FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME 1: NATIONAL MARKET ESTIMATES PY - 1980/11 SP - 230 p. AB - UMTA's Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) program aims to determine where and under what conditons AGT service characteristics will satisfy the travel needs and socioeconomic requirements of urban areas in a manner that is competitive with or superior to other transportation alternatives. The 3-volume study investigates the potential of single line AGT relative to current non-automated transit technologies to provide transportation in urban areas and to contribute to the revitalization of urban areas. The study examines 3 general areas: (1) a national market estimate based on data from 46 urban areas; (2) 11 site-specific alternatives analyses within three representative urban areas; and (3) a two-phased consumer survey to determine individual preferences toward AGT. The purpose of the market estimate study is to develop a national forecast of the market for AGT applications based on an analysis of global costs and benefits. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Estimates KW - Forecasting KW - Market research KW - Market surveys KW - Needs assessment KW - Public opinion KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Travel demand KW - Urban areas KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170516 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330141 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BODY CORROSION IN TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1980/11 SP - 69 p. AB - Corrosion of body components on transit buses has been considered a major problem throughout the United States. Since the basic objective of this study was to help establish a new Advanced Design Bus (ADB) price adjustment for a corrosion-resistant body, it was necessary to investigate the experience of transit operators with body corrosion on buses produced prior to the ADB (a bus body constructed almost entirely of stainless steel with skin panels of plastic). This report examines the extent and magnitude of body corrosion problems in existing bus fleets. Body corrosion appears to be severe in two general areas of the country: areas where salt is heavily used on streets in the winter, and areas with high humidity along southern seacoasts. A telephone survey of 21 operating properties was conducted regarding the bus body corrosion problem. The results of these interviews are summarized herein. In addition, seven operating properties were visited to ascertain the magnitude of the body corrosion problem including: Miami, Florida; Houston, Texas; Harlingen, Texas; Brownsville, Texas; Buffalo, New York; and Detroit Michigan. This study concludes that: 1) there are distinct types of bus body corrosion that occur only in certain areas; 2) corrosion is generally a cosmetic problem and does not create safety hazards or cause bus deterioration structurally; 3) with some exceptions, bus corrosion is limited to vehicles over ten years old; and 4) corrosion costs are relatively low. (UMTA) KW - Body KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Corrosion KW - Corrosive environments KW - Costs KW - Life cycle costing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Service life KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle age KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331242 AU - Inaba, K AU - Engelschall, J AU - Barr, W AU - Gold, D AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SPECIFICATION FOR BUS MAINTENANCE MANUALS PY - 1980/11 SP - 122 p. AB - The purpose of this specification report is to provide assistance to organizations responsible for producing or procuring instructional materials for bus maintenance manuals. Based on the premise that significant gains in maintenance productivity can be achieved through reductions in mechanic errors, these specifications delineate the characteristics required of maintenance manuals to be of maximum usability to online maintenance personnel. This specification report covers maintenance procedures including preventive, corrective, and diagnostic actions. Non-procedural items such as theory of operations, equipment specifications, descriptive accounts of support equipment and tools, schematics, etc., are not included in this report. The specification is organized to cover two broad topics: (1) the design of instructional materials, and (2) the process through which the instructional materials must be taken to meet the design criteria. The design criteria are structured around a presentation style known as the Job Performance Aid (JPA). The development process refers to the transformation of technical data into specific instructions for use in maintenance manuals. This report provides a glossary of terms as well as an index of terms. (UMTA) KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintenance KW - Manuals KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Specifications KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365140 AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: A CASE STUDY PY - 1980/11 SP - 58 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of a very successful innovation in urban passenger transportation, which was introduced by the Chicago and North Western (CNW) Railway to provide suburban or commuter rail service. This study was motivated by two considerations: (1) to develop an understanding of those factors which influence the performance of a public transportation system as a basis for identifying ways in which such systems can be modified so as to better serve actual travel needs at a reasonable cost and (2) to nurture interest in developing methods of analysis that would aid in the creation of successful and desirable innovations. During the 1960's and 1970's, prior to take-over by a newly-formed regional transportation authority, the CNW was able to provide rail passenger service that was equal to or better than that of other railroads in terms of service quality, while at the same time, it was experiencing both operating and capital costs that were considerably lower. With fare levels that were roughly equal to or in some cases, less than those of other commuter systems, CNW was able to cover all expenses and make a profit. The low costs can be traced to a coordinated set of innovations that touched almost every aspect of the service. While these were very significant in terms of reducing costs, they also represented logical adaptations of known railroad systems and institutions. This study examines this innovation in the context of an overall framework from examining changes in transport technology or production processes. KW - Analysis KW - Capital costs KW - Chicago and North Western Transportation Company KW - Consumers KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Fares KW - Needs assessment KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban areas KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337138 AU - Balzer, B B AU - Savage, A E AU - Stark, R C AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF BUS REHABILITATION IN THE MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY PY - 1980/11 SP - 103 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) sponsored this study to survey and analyze bus rehabilitation as an alternative and supplement to new bus procurement, as well as to evaluate the needs and experiences of the transit industry regarding the rehabilitation or rebuilding of older buses as a means of capital improvement. This report reviews the scope and service of sixteen firms providing bus rehabilitation services for the mass transportation industry and the various rehabilitation projects undertaken by seventeen transit operators. In addition, the report addresses the following: (1) results of operating rehabilitated buses and the involvement of State DOTs; (2) comments from members of the transit industry regarding UMTA's bus rehabilitation policy; (3) a suggested list of work tasks and guidelines for rehabilitation projects; (4) cost of rehabilitating a twelve year old bus for a five-year life extension; and (5) demand for bus rehabilitation and the rebuilding capacity of both contractors and transit operators. KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Demand KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Estimates KW - Extending KW - Guidelines KW - Level of service KW - Life span KW - Motor vehicles KW - Public passenger vehicles KW - Reconstruction KW - Rehabilitation KW - Service life KW - Services KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicles KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle age UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365016 AU - Winslow, R H AU - Gill Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USE OF LIFE-CYCLE COSTING FOR TRANSIT EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT PY - 1980/11 SP - 90 p. AB - This study explores possible uses of LCC for selection of transit equipment and reviews a variety of techniques that have been used by Federal, State, local, and private industry in the development of LCC and for protection of the purchasers. Obstacles and barriers to the use of LCC are weighed. The implications of LCC for UMTA programs and the possible benefits and other effects of applying LCC to transit equipment are projected. Among the effects considered are changes in staffing, and capital and operating fund needs in both UMTA and local transit agencies. Appropriately applied, LCC should result in significant savings in improvements in equipment and particularly in energy and maintenance costs. Minimal impact is anticipated on the operations of UMTA. Impact on transit operators will consist, in most cases, of an initial requirement for additional funds for equipment acquisition, compensated by future savings in operating costs. KW - Buses KW - Capital costs KW - City planning KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Equipment KW - Equipment cost KW - Federal government KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Impact studies KW - Life cycle costing KW - Local government KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Procurement KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Service life KW - State government KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00364924 AU - Los Angeles City Community Redevelopment Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOS ANGELES DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER: HANDBOOK ON ACCESSIBILITY FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1980/11 SP - 307 p. AB - The Los Angeles, California Downtown People Mover (DPM) is a planned deployment of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) and its associated unstaffed environment. As a new, Federally-funded transit system, the DPM will be accessible to and usable by elderly and handicapped people. This report is a Handbook of accessibility guidelines for system planners and designers. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Design KW - Federal government KW - Government funding KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - People movers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Requirement KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328968 AU - Cowan, R AU - Bonderson, L AU - Alberts, F AU - General Motors Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: REPRESENTATIVE APPLICATION AREAS FOR AGT PY - 1980/11 SP - 223 p. AB - The purpose of the Application Area Definition task is to define the travel demands and guideway networks for a set of representative AGT system deployments. These demands and networks, when combined with detailed descriptions of the systems and their operating characteristics, define the representative systems to be modeled and analyzed in other tasks within the SOS program. Results of the definition of representative AGT system deployments for analysis in the AGT-SOS program are presented in this report. Each deployment consists of a demand type, an AGT system, and a guideway network type. Seven demand types, including three metropolitan areas, two central business districts, and two activity centers are defined, and a representative locale of each type is chosen. Station-to-station demands generated after the process for generating zone-to-zone demands for the metropolitan area applications are also presented. The following seven guideway network types are defined: shuttle, loop, one-way loop, two-way loop, multiple loop, partially connected grid, and fully connected grid. Ten AGT systems have been defined in another phase of the AGT-SOS program. From among the possible combinations of demands, systems, and networks, 19 representative deployments are selected, and a network is presented for each. The results of network flow analyses, in which the compatibility between the network and the station-to-station demand is evaluated, are presented for the representative SLT deployments. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Passengers KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162849 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346056 AU - PUSHKAREV, B AU - Zupan, J AU - Regional Planning Association Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL IN AMERICA: AN EXPLORATION OF CRITERIA FOR FIXED-GUIDEWAY TRANSIT PY - 1980/11 SP - 368 p. AB - This study reflects the view that under certain conditions rail systems may be cost-effective, offer many advantages, and provide a high quality of service. The purpose of this study is to help define such conditions. This study sketches an outline of a national program: roughly a 50 percent expansion of the rapid transit system and a 150 percent expansion of the light rail system, which would require $22 billion at 1980 costs. The study shows that such expenditures can be covered by "hard" savings in land, energy, labor and passenger travel time. The study is directed to explore what range of travel volume may be sufficient to warrant what type of fixed-guideway investment; to indicate the location of urban corridors having such a travel volume; to offer a rough assessment of the national market for fixed-guideway facilities; and to aid in focusing local alternatives analyses on the most promising locations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus lines KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - History KW - Light rail transit KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Location KW - New systems KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Subways KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56642/urbanrailinamer0600unse_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343554 AU - Newman, D A AU - Holoszyc, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROCHESTER, NEW YORK COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION-VOLUME III: APPENDICES PY - 1980/10 SP - 69 p. AB - The primary purpose of the Rochester Community Transit Demonstration was to test a strategy for providing cost-effective demand-responsive transit service in suburban areas. Services were planned to have sufficiently low operating costs so that the communities could afford to continue these services after the demonstration. Cost-effectiveness was sought by encouraging close community involvement, using small vehicles, and inviting competitive bidding for new paratransit service operations. The demonstration project was an outgrowth of the Rochester Integrated Transit Demonstration, which took place between April 1975 and October 1977. In the new demonstration, both public and private operators provided Dial-A-Ride and handicapped services, and their performances were compared. The demonstration also included a unique funding strategy that shifted responsibility to the local towns served by Dial-A-Ride vehicles. This report, Volume II, contains the technical appendices, which include operating records, surveys, survey results, and promotional materials. KW - Aged KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Financing KW - New York (State) KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rochester (New York) KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343553 AU - Newman, D A AU - Holoszyc, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROCHESTER, NEW YORK COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION-VOLUME II: EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1980/10 SP - 178 p. AB - The primary purpose of the Rochester Community Transit Demonstration was to test a strategy for providing cost-effective demand-responsive transit service in suburban areas. Services were planned to have sufficiently low operating costs so that the communities could afford to continue these services after the demonstration. Cost-effectiveness was sought by encouraging close community involvement, using small vehicles, and inviting competitive bidding for new paratransit service operations. The demonstration project was an outgrowth of the Rochester Integrated Transit Demonstration, which took place between April 1975 and October 1977. In the new demonstration, both public and private operators provided Dial-A-Ride and handicapped services, and their performances were compared. The demonstation also included a unique funding strategy that shifted responsibility to the local towns served by Dial-A-Ride vehicles. This report evaluates the results of process, the level of service provided to users, the demand response, and the services' operating efficiency. The implications of the Rochester experience are summarized for the benefit of other localities interested in implementing similar services. An epilogue section, documenting activities that have occurred since the demonstration ended is also included. KW - Bids KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Low costs KW - Nationalization KW - New York (State) KW - Ownership KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Public relations KW - Rochester (New York) KW - Suburbs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343603 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER-SIDE SUBSIDIES FOR SHARED-RIDE TAXIS IN KINSTON, NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1980/10 SP - 224 p. AB - The Kinston User-Side Subsidy Demonstration Project began operation in September 1977 and involved the provision of reduced-fare conventional taxi service to the elderly and handicapped (E&H). This report summarizes the findings of the independent evaluation of the Kinston project. In Kinston, user-side subsidies were found to be administratively feasible and were utilized almost exclusively by the most mobility-disadvantaged segments of the eligible population. These individuals, of low incomes or few travel alternatives, used the project to increase their frequency of total trip making by 3-4 percent, and to make some trips by taxi that otherwise would have been made by a less preferred mode (e.g. walking). The resulting changes in taxi-use frequency caused some changes in the supply of taxi service, though these were mainly with firms that had a large portion of E&H riders prior to the demonstration. Overall, the Kinston project provides evidence that user-side subsidies can be a viable and practical technique for facilitating the mobility of the E&H. KW - Aged KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Fees KW - Grant aid KW - Low income groups KW - Mobility KW - Motor vehicles KW - North Carolina KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxi services KW - Transportation KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334286 AU - Falcocchio, J C AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF WHEELCHAIR LIFT BUSES IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/10 SP - 10 p. AB - This is the executive summary of an interim report covering the first of a two-year study of rear-door lift-equipped bus operations in Westchester County, New York. Westchester County operates 105 lift-equipped Advanced Design Buses (GMC/RTS Models) that have been in service since 1979. The county's bus system is operated by 16 private bus companies and provides county-wide service through 56 transit routes and 14 PLT (Personalized Local Transit) routes. Thirty-two of the county's 56 regular bus routes are served exclusively by lift-equipped buses. The allocation of buses to routes is such that each of the 32 routes is "fully accessible." Westchester County has also decided to make the lift available to passengers with baby carriages, shopping carts, bulky cartons, bicycles, as well as to wheelchair-confronted persons. This report describes the experiences to date with the use of lift-equipped buses in the county. The wheelchair-confined person ridership has been low, but the county is developing programs to encourage usage. There have been mechanical problems with the lift that manufacturer is trying to correct. The author states that a true demand of transit ridership by handicapped cannot be ascertained unless the difficulties in accessing the bus stops are removed. Bus drivers experience difficulties in aligning the rear door with the curb at bus stops because bus stops are frequently occupied by other vehicles. Operators feel that it is too early to tell about the impact of the lift buses on operating costs, although they experienced lower maintenance costs due to the new buses replacing the older ones. (UMTA) KW - Access KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Allocations KW - Buses KW - Cost allocation KW - Lifts KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164663 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334287 AU - Falcocchio, J C AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF WHEELCHAIR LIFT BUSES IN WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK PY - 1980/10 SP - 104 p. AB - This is an interim report covering the first of a two-year study of rear-door lift-equipped bus operations in Westchester County, New York. Westchester County operates 105 lift-equipped Advanced Design Buses (GMC/RTS Models) that have been in service since 1979. The county's bus system is operated by 16 private bus companies and provides county-wide service through 56 transit routes and 14 PLT (Personalized Local Transit) routes. Thirty-two of the county's 56 regular bus routes are served exclusively by lift-equipped buses. The allocation of buses to routes is such that each of the 32 routes if "fully accessible." Westchester County has also decided to make the lift available to passengers with baby carriages, shopping carts, bulky cartons, bicycles, as well as to wheelchair-confined persons. This report describes the experiences to date with the use of lift-equipped buses in the county. The wheelchair-confined person ridership has been low, but the county is developing programs to encourage usage. There have been mechanical problems with the lift that manufacturer is trying to correct. The author states that a true demand of transit ridership by the severely handicapped cannot be ascertained unless the difficulities in aligning the rear door with the curb at bus stops because bus stops are frequently occupied by other vehicles. Operators feel that it is too early to tell about the impact of the lift buses on operating costs, although they experienced lower maintenance costs during this period, since the new buses replaced the older ones. (UMTA) KW - Access KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Lifts KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330143 AU - Ludwick, J S AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DETAILED DESIGN FOR A MIS FOR THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1980/10 SP - 113 p. AB - A demonstration of an Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system, is being performed at the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in Los Angeles. The AVM will record a large amount of operational data that can later be used for this demonstration. Although the primary purpose of the AVM system is to determine the effectiveness of various on-line control strategies, a large amount is recorded daily and can be used to provide management information. A previous Working Paper (WP-79W00738) detailed the requirements for Management Information Systems (MIS) reporting using AVM data, and a later letter (W24-5026) presented a preliminary design that would provide the required data. The programs required to process the AVM log tape and eventually provide MIS reports are described in this report. This document expands the preliminary design to a detailed design. The latest data flow diagrams are given, and the inputs and processing required by each process are described. The report also discusses the structured approach and conventions of the pseudo-code used to explain the processing. Appendix A alphabetically presents the contents of the files and some of the tables referred to in the report and Appendix B presents the detailed pseudo-code described in the report. The contents of this document include revisions based on discussions with SCRTS personnel of an earlier draft copy. It is anticipated that further refinements will result during the implementation phase of this project. (UMTA) KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Computers KW - Demonstration projects KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Management information systems KW - On line computers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334285 AU - Newman, D A AU - Holoszyc, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROCHESTER, NEW YORK COMMUNITY, TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/10 SP - 44 p. AB - The Rochester Community Transit Demonstration followed four years of paratransit experimentation funded locally and through a previous demonstration grant (The Rochester Integrated Transit Demonstration). In the new demonstration, both public and private operators provided dial-a-ride and handicapped services, and their performances were compared. The demonstration also included a unique funding strategy that shifted responsibility to the local towns served by dial-a-ride vehicles. The purpose of this evaluation is to determine how well the demonstration achieved these objectives: increasing transit coverage, improving transit service reliability, increasing vehicle productivity, and improving service for transit dependent. This report evaluates the results of the demonstration including the implementation process, the level of service provided to users, the demand response, and the services' operating efficiency. The implications of the Rochester experience are summarized for the benefit of localities interested in implementing similar services. An epilogue section documenting activities that have occurred since the demonstration ended is also included. This study consists of three separate volumes. Volume 1 contains an executive summary of the more significant demonstration findings. Volume 2 (available soon) provides a detailed description and analysis of the Rochester demonstration. Volume 3 (available soon) contains the technical appendices, including operating records, surveys, survey results, and promotional materials. (UMTA) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Rochester (New York) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328962 AU - Vincent, W R AU - Sage, G AU - Gould Information Identification Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LORAN-C RFI MEASURED IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA PY - 1980/10 SP - 238 p. AB - Radio noise and RFI at and near frequencies employed by Loran-C radio navigation systems were investigated in portions of Los Angeles, California. Emphasis was placed on the definition of the detailed time and frequency domain structure of noise and RFI which might degrade the reception of Loran-C signals in urban, suburban, and industrial areas of Los Angeles. The measurements were directed toward obtaining an understanding of the noise and RFI environment which would be encountered by vehicularly installed Loran-C navigation systems. Measurements were made at and around the 100 kHz band of frequencies employed by Loran-C, and they were made from a mobile van. The noise and RFI instrumentation is described in this report. KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Interference KW - Loran KW - Measurement KW - Noise (Communications) KW - Radio KW - Radio frequency interference KW - Sources KW - Suburbs KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162844 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330145 AU - Vincent, W R AU - Sage, G AU - Systems Control, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LORAN-C RFI MEASURED IN LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SN - DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-38 PY - 1980/10 SP - 233 p. AB - Radio noise and RFI at and near frequencies employed by Loran-C radio navigation systems were investigated in portions of Los Angeles, California. Emphasis was placed on the definition of the detailed time and frequency domain structure of noise and RFI which might degrade the reception of Loran-C signals in urban, suburban, and industrial areas of Los Angeles. The measurements were directed toward obtaining an understanding of the noise and RFI environment which would be encountered by vehicularly installed Loran-C navigation systems. Measurements were made at and around the 100 kHz band of frequencies employed by Loran-C, and they were made from a mobile van. The noise and RFI instrumentation is described in this report. This report describes the tests that were conducted to determine the nature of Loran-C RFI in the Los Angeles area. Six important noise types were identified: 1) Impulsive Noise, 2) Power Line Carrier Communications, 3) Localized Continuous Wave Signals, 4) Low Level Signals, 5) Ignition Noise, and 6) Conventional Power Line Noise. They were traced to probable sources in each case. Their spatial distribution precludes gradient mapping; rather, there are strong-signal regions juxtaposed with sharp boundaries to a large number of regions of various sizes in which noise predominates so as to make the available signal unusable. This report contains a list of references, a bibliography, and 3-axis views for fixed sites. (UMTA) KW - Ignition KW - Interference KW - Navigation KW - Noise (Communications) KW - Power line carrier KW - Radio transmission KW - Signals KW - Sources KW - Transmission KW - Transmission lines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337308 AU - Newman, D A AU - Holoszyc, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE ROCHESTER, NEW YORK COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICE DEMONSTRATION. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/10 SP - 44 p. AB - The Rochester Community Transit Demonstration followed four years of paratransit experimentation. Both public and private operators provided dial-a-ride and handicapped services, and their performances were compared. The demonstration also included a unique funding strategy that shifted responsibility to the local towns served by dial-a-ride vehicles. The purpose of the evaluation was to determine how well the demonstration achieved these objectives--increasing transit coverage, improving transit service reliability, increasing vehicle productivity, and improving service for transit dependent. The implications of the Rochester experience are summarized for the benefit of localities interested in implementing similar services. KW - Accessibility KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Operations KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169121 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330161 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL TUNNELING TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1980/10 SP - 68 p. AB - Following a four-fold increase in urban tunnel construction costs during the 1970s, subway building now will cost up to $100 million per mile in congested urban areas. UMTA is seeking ways to control and reduce expenditures for urban tunneling and has conducted a research and development program aimed at these objectives. This booklet has individual chapters dealing with each of the major facets of the R&D program: Cost estimating; socioeconomic and environmental impacts; contracting and management; construction monitoring; subsurface exploration; ground-support systems; excavation technology and muck transport; design and construction guidelines; lining and support systems. A glossary and bibliography of pertinent UMTA reports are also included. KW - Construction KW - Contracting KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental impacts KW - Estimating KW - Excavation KW - Excavation technology KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Monitoring KW - Muck tunneling KW - Mucking KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Soil stabilization KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368117 AU - SMITH, R AU - Mateyka, J AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAPID TRANSIT CAR DOOR OPERATOR SYSTEM RELIABILITY STUDY. VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT; VOLUME 2: SUPPLEMENT MATERIAL PY - 1980/09/12 SP - v.p. AB - The unreliability of rapid transit car door systems is a major operations and maintenance problem in U.S. transit systems. This study focuses on such problems in the 6,000 rail rapid transit car fleet of the New York City Transit Authority. It documents the causes of door delays, which accounted for 35 to 40% of all car equipment caused delays in 1977/1978. Detailed fault tree analysis, special in-field failure reporting programs, a state-of-the-art survey and field test results. KW - Door handles KW - Door operating mechanisms KW - Europe KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Maintainability KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Technology UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179385 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344292 AU - Raskin, D AU - STARK, C AU - KLAUDER, L T AU - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company TI - DUAL-POWERED GAS TURBINE/ELECTRIC (GT/E) COMMUTER RAIL CARS: TEST, EVALUATION AND ECONOMICS PY - 1980/09/05 SP - 52 p. AB - Dual powered gas turbine/electric (GT/E) multiple-unit trains function as electric-powered multiple-unit (EMU) trains on railroad lines where wayside electric power is provided, and as high performance turbine-powered trains over trackage which is not electrified. This type of train can provide direct, high-speed service between outlying lines having no electrification and downtown terminals such as those in New York where access via tunnels requires use of electric propulsion. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority has purchased eight prototype GT/E cars, four from the General Electric Co. (GE) and four from the Garrett Corp. All eight cars were operated in revenue service on the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). This report describes the design considerations that lead to the configuration of the GT/E cars and contains a description of the cars as built by GE and Garrett. The last portion of the report compares the costs of using GT/E trains to provide direct service to New York from select non-electrified lines with costs of extending electrification over those lines and operating conventional MU trains. Three rail lines are examined: the LIRR Port Jefferson and Oyster Bay branches, the Conrail's Upper Hudson to Poughkeepsie. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Capitalized costs KW - Central business districts KW - Commuting KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dual-power KW - Economic analysis KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Electric railroads KW - Gas turbines KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Level of service KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - New York (State) KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Structural design KW - Tunnels KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170629 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329147 AU - Mayworm, P D AU - Lago, A M AU - McEnroe, J M AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PATRONAGE IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN TRANSIT FARES AND SERVICES PY - 1980/09/03 SP - 246 p. AB - The report presents information on public transit fare and service elasticities of demand. Data were obtained from a comprehensive review of studies performed in the United States and other countries, especially the United Kingdom. Estimates of individual fare and service elasticities were obtained from analyses of individual fare and service changes, and from direct-demand and mode-choice models based on time-series and cross-sectional data. This report confirms the fact that transit demand is inelastic with respect to fares and services; that is, the proportional change in transit patronage in response to fare and service variations is less than the proportional change in fares and services. More importantly, the data presented in this report reveal that there is a large degree of consistency in the aggregate system-wide demand elasticities. Although there is variation in the disaggregate elasticity values, this variation is reduced and remarkable stability emerges when the analysis focuses on individual disaggregate categories. This underlying consistency, which exists across many types of cities and even countries, suggests that significant shifts in patronage could result without a deterioration in revenues from manipulations in fare and service levels. KW - Change KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Disaggregate models KW - Economic analysis KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fares KW - Headways KW - Impact studies KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - United Kingdom KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337916 AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES FOR A SMALL URBAN AND RURAL AREA PY - 1980/09 SP - 247p-in 3v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172271 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326443 AU - CHAMBLISS, A G AU - MITRE Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE URBAN APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF NEAR-TERM AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/09 SP - 54 p. AB - Until recently, Automated Mixed Traffic Transit (AMTT) applications have been limited primarily to the movement of cargo. The economic benefits demonstrated in AMTT cargo applications have led to interest in applying this technology to passenger transport. This study assesses the near-term application potential of passenger carrying AMTT in an urban environment. The level of service and cost analyses were performed on hypothetical AMTT systems in order to assess this potential. Washington, D.C. was selected as the study site because of its proximity, the existence of bus and rail mass transit systems, and the large variety of potential application sites available within the downtown Washington area. Several sites within the downtown Washington area were reviewed to identify areas with characteristics favorable for a near-term deployment of an AMTT system. Preliminary sites and a final site were selected on the basis of characteristics such as cross traffic, transit system interface, potential demand, topography, right-of-way availability, and construction requirements. The results of the level of service and cost analyses suggest that within five years near-term AMTTs should be able to provide an attractive level of service at a cost below that of conventional bus transit. KW - Analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric vehicles KW - Level of service KW - Location KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327755 AU - LAUBE, M AU - Neumann, L AU - Ruiter, E AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. IMPACT ASSESSMENT PLAN: A GUIDE TO LOCAL EVALUATIONS PY - 1980/09 SP - 159 p. AB - The purpose of the Downtown People Mover (DPM) program is to demonstrate, in the downtown setting, the feasibility of a form of automated guideway transit (AGT) technology known as Shuttle Loop Transit (SLT). The DPM program provides experience in the operation of SLT systems and serves as a basis for planning future urban applications of people mover technology. The report is a guide for the evaluation of DPM projects. Areas covered include the scope of the local evaluations, the schedule of evaluation activities, and the evaluation organization and administration. The DPM evaluations cover two basic areas of assessment: operational performance and system impacts. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Level of service KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Performance KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365310 AU - Gelb, P M AU - Colman, S B AU - Donnelly, R M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXI REGULATION REVISION IN PORTLAND, OREGON: BACKGROUND AND IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1980/09 SP - 76 p. AB - This report describes the historical background and implementation of taxi regulatory revisions adopted by the Portland City Council. Portland first relaxed its entry restrictions in March 1979, and provided greater latitude in rate setting by allowing flat fares, discount, and contractual rates. The authority for qualifying operators and other regulatory functions was vested in a new official, which was the Taxi Supervisor. In April 1980, the Council re-imposed some restrictions on entry, including consideration of public need for service and the current ratio of licenses to population. It also transferred authority from the Taxi Supervisor back to the City Council. Subsequent changes adopted in June 1980 stiffened requirements for driver permits and required operators to submit financial and operating data. This report summarizes the historical background and implementation of these regulatory changes, compares the old and new regulations, and describes the local industry prior to and during the regulatory change process. KW - Licenses KW - Licensing KW - Licensing procedures KW - Oregon KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Regulations KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177390 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344429 AU - Gilbert, G AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE INDIANAPOLIS EXPERIENCE WITH OPEN ENTRY IN THE TAXI INDUSTRY PY - 1980/09 SP - 28 p. AB - During the early 1970s the City of Indianapolis reversed a long-standing policy of closed entry into the taxi industry by redistributing many of the existing permits. This report is an account of the Indianapolis experience with open entry. It is based upon discussions with both Indianapolis officials and members of the taxi industry. The authors state that there are two lessons that may be learned from the Indianapolis experience: (1) adding new owners into a highly competitive supply-rich market is beneficial neither to the public nor to the taxi operators; and (2) the results of an open entry action are likely to be far different in the long run than in the short run. KW - City government KW - Competition KW - Demand KW - Districts and authorities KW - Government agencies KW - Highway transportation KW - Indiana KW - Indianapolis (Indiana) KW - Licenses KW - Markets KW - Permits KW - Public interest KW - Public policy KW - Regulations KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Taxicab companies KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170671 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335711 AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - Stone, J R AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES FOR A SMALL URBAN AND RURAL AREA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/09 SP - 8 p. AB - This research focuses on tasks for taking technically feasible preliminary transit options to a local community and translating these plans into an implementable program. This planning phase, referred to as implementation planning, addresses the following planning considerations: Financial Planning; Management and Organization; Institutional Roles; Regulatory Reforms; and Citizen Participation. The specific problem addressed concerns an evaluation of the requirements for implementing transit alternatives in a low density area and securing a community consensus. To incorporate the realities of a complex public transportation planning process, this research project is tied closely to the current public transportation improvement program of Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. This study includes two elements that are reported in separate volumes of the final report. Volume I describes the financial planning and organizational structures that are necessary to implement integrated transit services in a small and rural area and Volume II evaluates system alternatives through public participation and group interaction by using a completed preliminary plan to focus community interest in public transit. This study reviews the primary organizational alternatives that are appropriate for delivering comprehensive areawide transportation. The long term solution was shown to be the transportation district. A description of a prototype district is given that evolves from a planning and administrative body to the total operation. The transit preferences of citizens, elected officials, and transit operators in the community were determined in a workshop and a series of interviews that were related to the characteristics of 18 urban and 25 rural transit route alternatives. The preferences were adjusted to reflect the future effects of a status quo scenario, a scenario favoring transit, and one not favoring transit. The urban and rural transit systems were selected by the evaluation model with respect to technical and financial constraints. The transit system improvements which were specified by the evaluation model compared very favorably with actual transit recommendations made by local officials. (UMTA) KW - Coordination KW - Implementation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168642 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335713 AU - Stone, J R AU - Hoel, L A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES FOR A SMALL URBAN AND RURAL AREA. VOLUME II: COMMUNITY REVIEW AND EVALUATION PY - 1980/09 SP - 150 p. AB - This research focuses on tasks for taking technically feasible preliminary transit options to a local community and translating these plans into an implementable program. This planning phase, referred to as implementation planning, addresses the following planning considerations: Financial Planning; Management and Organization; Institutional Roles; Regulatory Reforms; and Citizen Participation. The specific problem addressed concerns an evaluation of the requirement for implementing transit alternatives in a low density area and securing a community consensus. To incorporate the realities of a complex public transportation planning process, this research project is tied closely to the current public transportation improvement program of Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. In this report, a model is developed to facilitate public participation in the evaluation of public transportation system alternatives. The model addresses the related problems of community participation in: 1) selecting the most preferred combination of service alternatives with respect to the technical, financial, institutional, and other constraints; 2) establishing transportation service priorities with respect to future scenarios; and 3) developing a timetable for their implementation. The combination of these three related problems allows their interactions to be studied and tradeoffs to be specified. In addition, the evaluation model is oriented to computer-interactive applications with group of citizens in a participatory planning process. It permits the systematic use of subjective data inputs from lay persons and decision makers as well as the more analytical inputs from transportation planning professionals. The model is applied to the current problem of improving public transportation service in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. The transit preferences of citizens, elected officials, and transit operators in the community were determined in a workshop and a series of interviews and were related to the characteristics of 18 urban and 25 rural transit route alternatives. The preferences were adjusted to reflect the future affects of a status quo scenario, a scenario favoring transit, and one not favoring transit. The urban and rural transit systems were selected by the evaluation model with respect to technical and financial constraints. The transit system improvements which were specified by the evaluation model compared very favorably with actual transit recommendations made by local officials. (UMTA) KW - Coordination KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - Scheduling KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343668 AU - Gifford, D G AU - Critchfield, J W AU - Haley & Aldrich, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MUCK UTILIZATION STUDY, GLENMONT ROUTE SECTIONS B009-B012, WASHINGTON, DC PY - 1980/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The construction of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) subway required the removal of large quantities of earth and rock materials. This report describes the implementation of a plan which established two alternatives for the disposal of the excavated materials: (1) traditional disposal of the material as "waste" products and (2) utilization of the material in other public works projects. KW - Building materials KW - Construction KW - Excavation KW - Fills KW - Land use KW - Maryland KW - Materials management KW - Mucking KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Utilization KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Waste disposal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335712 AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Lantz, K E AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING OF INTEGRATED TRANSIT SERVICES FOR A SMALL URBAN AND RURAL AREA. VOLUME I: RESOURCE, INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS PY - 1980/09 SP - 82 p. AB - This research focuses on tasks for taking technically feasible preliminary transit options to a local community and translating these plans into an implementable program. This planning phase, referred to as implementation planning, addresses the following planning considerations: Financial Planning; Management and Organization; Institutional Roles; Regulatory Reforms; and Citizen Participation. The specific problem addressed concerns an evaluation of the requirements for implementing transit alternatives in a low density area and securing a community consensus. This research project is tied closely to the current public transportation improvement program of Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. In this study, the resource requirements for a comprehensive public transportation system for the Charlottesville-Albemarle Area were examined. Data on existing local transit operations were used to show unit cost and staff requirements for different services. Also, the systems were studied to provide a way to estimate subsidy requirements for expansion of service. Sources of Federal and State aid that are available to non-urbanized areas for the provision of public transportation and social service transportation were summarized to show the practical solution to the operating deficit problem. The report reviews the primary organizational alternatives that are appropriate for delivering comprehensive areawide transportation. The long term solution was shown to be the transportation district concept. A strategy for establishing a transportation district in the Tenth Planning District of Virginia was modeled after the operational principles and goals of the Tidewater Transportation District Commission (TTDC), incorporating to the intent possible, TTDC's particular planning and operational policies. Also a description of a prototype district is given that evolves from a planning and administrative body to the operator. (UMTA) KW - Coordination KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168643 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00338230 AU - Rohe, W M AU - Stokes, M AU - Zatarain, K AU - Barbour, L AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAVEL TO WORK PATTERNS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED DATA FROM THE ANNUAL HOUSING SURVEY TRAVEL-TO-WORK FILE PY - 1980/09 SP - 183 p. AB - The annual housing survey travel-to-work file has provided researchers and practitioners with an opportunity to describe the travel patterns of various socioeconomic and geographic population subgroups, and to explore the relationship between other transportation related variables. The report addresses twelve questions representing the following five topic areas: (1) travel-to-work patterns of selected groups including men, women, working wives, female household heads, residents of public and subsidized housing, residents of mobile homes, and residents of various size communities; (2) travel-to-work mode shift patterns of American workers; (3) the relationship between the perception and use of public transit; (4) the interrelationships of perceived neighborhood attributes and travel patterns; and (5) the relationships between residential mobility and travel patterns. Both the 1975 national sample and the 1975-76 Atlanta, Chicago, and San Francisco SMSA samples were used. KW - California KW - Census KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Females KW - Georgia KW - Households KW - Illinois KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Mobility KW - Modal shift KW - Neighborhoods KW - Persons by socioeconomic levels KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337137 AU - Collins, W AU - HAMPTON, D AU - Hampton (Delon) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF HANDICAPPED FACILITIES FOR NEW SUBWAY STATION DESIGNS PY - 1980/09 SP - 62 p. AB - The report investigates conceptual designs for seven different types of subway stations and determines design modifications that need be incorporated into each design in order to ensure accessibility by elderly and handicapped persons into these stations. The seven conceptual subway station "designs" are architectural schematics depicting different configurations for mezzanines, trainrooms, escalators, and other features, the locations of which are dictated by geotechnical, economic, and right-of-way restrictions. Because these designs are conceptual and not final, a "concept-evaluation" of each station type is made to improve upon the relative locations of the handicapped facilities shown. The impact of the proposed new modifications on station costs is stated along with a cost estimate of implementation. The modifications prescribed herein address two categories of handicapped persons, namely, semi-ambulatory and wheelchair users. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Elevators KW - Estimates KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Subway planning KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328969 AU - Schneider, J B AU - Smith, S P AU - Thompson, P D AU - Heid, J L AU - Ng, I W AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANNING AND DESIGNING A TRANSIT CENTER BASED TRANSIT SYSTEM: GUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES FROM CASE STUDIES IN TWENTY-TWO CITIES PY - 1980/09 SP - 133 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to examine the transit center concept to determine if and how it might be applied in American cities to provide more efficient and effective transit service on an areawide basis. Transit centers are interchange facilities that will be typically located in suburban areas at or near major activity centers and will serve as focal points for high levels of local, radial, and circumferential transit service. Bus/bus, bus/rail, and auto/rail transfers will occur there. In this report, present metropolitan travel patterns in American cities are examined. The inability of highly downtown-focused transit networks to meet metropolitan travel needs in American cities is discussed. In addition, the grid network approach to route planning is critiqued. A planning framework, consisting of 10 steps and designed to aid planners design transit centers, is presented. Each step of the process is illustrated with examples from 22 case studies which include four Canadian, one Indian, and one West German city. Abstracts of the case studies are included in Appendix A of this report. Regional shopping centers are suggested to be ideal sites for transit center locations. The transit center oriented network is assessed critically from an operational, financial, and political perspective. Sixty-two examples of areawide plans, location and design criteria, the physical design of downtown, freeway and suburban off-street transit centers and cost estimates are presented. KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Commuter service KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Feeder buses KW - Guidelines KW - Interchanges KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Park and ride KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger terminals KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Route surveys KW - Routing KW - Shopping centers KW - Surveying KW - Transfers KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162850 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328973 AU - Schroder, R J AU - Washington, R S AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1980/09 SP - 167 p. AB - The Morgantown People Mover (MPM) is an automated two-mode (schedule and demand) transit system that consists of a fleet of electrically powered, rubber-tired, passenger-carrying vehicles operating on a dedicated guideway under computer control. The present operational MPM system consists of 5 stations, a vehicle maintenance facility with a small test loop, a central control facility, 73 electrically powered, rubber-tired vehicles. This report describes the Collision Avoidance System (CAS) design used for the current (1980 Phase II) MPM system. It presents historical data leading to the current design. The report also includes results of experience with the CAS, plans for system improvements, and recommendations for future designers of such systems. Identification of safety and operability requirements led to a unique implementation of a proven safety concept--block occupancy control. Problems encountered and the design solutions which evolved are discussed with emphasis upon fail-safe features. The resulting CAS design is assessed and found to be extremely safe. Possible improvements and extensions are discussed. Shorter headway and bi-directional operations are found to be feasible. This report contains a glossary of terms and many charts illustrating the elements of the MPM system. KW - Adaptive control KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic train protection KW - Control systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Information processing KW - Logic circuits KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162854 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328932 AU - Rucker, J I AU - Hill, B J AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER REDUNDANT COMPUTING SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1980/09 SP - 159 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe the redundant computing system design used for the current 1980 Phase II Morgantown People Mover (MPM) system. The redundant computing system is that part of the control and communications system (C&CS) consisting of redundant computer hardware and software and the special purpose equipment (SPE) used to interface the dual computing system to the rest of the C&CS system. The Morgantown project, which began in 1969, is an Urban Mass Transportation Administration program that provides a personal rapid transit system between the central business district of Morgantown, West Virginia, and the widely separated campuses of West Virginia University. The MPM system is an automated, two-mode (schedule and demand) transit system that consists of a fleet of electrically powered, rubber-tired, passenger-carrying vehicles operating on a dedicated guideway network under the redundant computing system computer control. Since the MPM system was developed in three phases, this report presents some historical data leading to the current design. The report also includes results of experience with the redundant computing system, plans for potential system improvement, and recommendations so that future system designers can benefit from the experience gained in developing the Phase II MPM system. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Communication and control KW - Components KW - Computer components KW - Computer programs KW - Computer systems hardware KW - Computer systems programs KW - Computers KW - Control systems KW - Flow charting KW - Flow charts KW - Information processing KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Redundancy KW - Redundant components KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328926 AU - Herring, T H AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY PROGRAM PY - 1980/09 SP - 107 p. AB - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) of a transit system is the absence of interference between all parts of the system, and between the system and the community which it serves. This report documents the EMC experience obtained during the design and development of the Morgantown People Mover (MPM) system in Morgantown, West Virginia. This report addresses background regarding the development of the MPM system and its current configuration as well as discussions pertaining to EMC. Conceptual and practical EMC requirement considerations and descriptions of the resulting requirements are presented. The analysis and testing performed to verify EMC is outlined and EMC problems unique to MPM are detailed. Refinement and extensions which might be considered for application to future systems are also discussed. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162824 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346028 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Sheldon-Dean, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENFORCEMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES: FOUR CASE STUDIES PY - 1980/09 SP - 52 p. AB - The report examines the role of enforcement agencies in the Transportation System Management planning process. Four transportation projects in Boston--a preferential lane on an expressway; a center city auto restricted zone; residential parking permit programs; and towing/booting enforcement, were used to illustrate the importance of enforcement in successful project implementation. It is recommended that local transportation agencies provide opportunities for police participation in project planning. KW - Case studies KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Law enforcement KW - Management KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Police KW - Reserved lanes KW - Residential areas KW - Strategy KW - Systems management KW - Towing devices KW - Traffic lanes KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346015 AU - Sunstein, DIL AU - Uher, R A AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST-EFFECTIVENESS MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES IN RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1980/09 SP - 99 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a cost-effectiveness model which could assess the return on investment (ROI) obtained when energy storage devices or regenerative substations are applied to real transit properties with regenerating trains. The storage devices can either be flywheels or batteries and can be placed off-board or on-board. To complete development of this model, an analysis of the range of capital and operating costs for various energy storage systems was conducted. The model takes into account the initial cost of the system, savings per year, costs incurred, energy and inflation escalators, and the life of the asset. This report provides user and programmer instructions, including input data formats, program computation methods, program output descriptions and examples, and a description of the costs and methodology employed. The conclusions reached as a result of this study are that: (1) of the five energy storage systems studied, all are technologically feasible and the technology exists today to implement any of these systems immediately and (2) with advances in technology, new energy storage systems may be developed and they should be analyzed in the same manner as these systems were, including an ROI analysis using the computer model developed in this study. KW - Capitalized costs KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Electric batteries KW - Energy storage systems KW - Flywheels KW - Kinetic energy KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Return on investment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341623 AU - Gilbert, G AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INDIANAPOLIS EXPERIENCE WITH OPEN ENTRY IN THE TAXI INDUSTRY SN - MA-06-0049 PY - 1980/09 SP - 29 p. AB - During the early 1970s the City of Indianapolis reversed a long-standing policy of closed entry into the taxi industry by redistributing many of the existing permits. The open entry action was achieved administratively by the City Controller's Office. Except for the 1970 removal of the previous ratio of taxi licenses to population, no change was made in the existing taxi ordinance and no action was required by Council. This report is an account of the the Indianapolis experience with open entry. It is based upon discussions with both Indianapolis officials and members of the taxi industry. Documentation, such as data on the number of taxi licenses, has also been consulted to the extent possible. There is little written documentation, however, because of the fact that the open entry decision was not legislatively enacted and hence not preceded or followed by staff studies. The authors state that there are two lessons that may be learned from the Indianapolis experience: 1) adding new owners into a highly competitive supply-rich market is benefical neither to the public nor to the taxi operators; and 2) the results of an open entry action are likely to be far different in the long run than in the short run. Thus, while not an easily generalized experience, the Indianapolis case is certainly an instructive one for cities contemplating a similar action. KW - Building entrances KW - Entrances (Other than doors) KW - Licenses KW - Permits KW - Regulations KW - Taxicab companies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326307 AU - Weinstock, H AU - Greif, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF WHEEL/RAIL FORCE AND FLANGE FORCE DURING STEADY STATE CURVING OF RIGID TRUCKS PY - 1980/09 SP - 49 p. AB - The wheel/rail dynamics interaction project being conducted as part of this program is directed toward reduction of maintenance costs and wheel/rail noise while providing acceptable ride quality and safety. This report describes the development of a simple analysis procedure for estimating the conservative bounds for the wheel/rail forces and flange forces resulting from the curve negotiation of a rigid two-axle truck. The approximate analysis presented provides closed form relations for estimating wheel/rail forces, flange forces, truck angle of attack, and sliding conditions for this type of truck as a function of curve radius. The wheel profiles are modeled by conical wheel treads with vertical wheel flanges and flange friction effects are included. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Creep KW - Curves (Geometry) KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Loads KW - Noise KW - Numerical analysis KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroads KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Trucks KW - Two axle trucks KW - Undercarriages KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel creep KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheel profiles KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341515 AU - Gifford, D G AU - Critchfield, J W AU - Haley & Aldrich, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MUCK UTILIZATION STUDY, GLENMONT ROUTE SECTIONS B009-B012, WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1980/09 SP - 49 p. AB - The construction of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) subway required the removal of large quantities of earth and rock materials. This report describes the implementation of a plan which established two alternatives for the disposal of the excavated materials: 1) traditional disposal of the material as "waste" products and 2) utilization of the material in other public works projects. The study of the potential for utilization of the excavated materials was sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration as part of an evaluation of methods to reduce the total construction cost and/or to provide additional public benefits from major urban transit construction projects. The contract documents for construction of Section B009 of the WMATA Glenmont Route were modified to include an optional preselected utilization project--the Montgomery County Gude Sanitary Landfill, in Rockville, Maryland. Although the utilization plan was not selected by the low bidder, the bid results and subsequent discussion of the concept with contractors indicate that the utilization approach can be useful and should be provided when appropriate. Recommendations for improvement in the utilization approach include additional clarification of the contractor's responsibilities at the landfill site and some flexibility in the use of suitable excavated material for other purposes. Future utilization programs, similar to the Section B009 plan, could be prepared by WMATA and Montgomery County, provided the subway construction and other county landfill projects occur at the right time to match supply and demand. On projects such as these, where there is a clear benefit to the community, it is recommended that the contract documents mandate the disposal of muck at the pre-selected site. In addition, it is recommended that WMATA investigate the possibility of stockpiling excavated materials for later reuse of METRO construction. (UMTA) KW - Building materials KW - Construction KW - Demand KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Landfills KW - Mucking KW - Stockpiling KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Utilization KW - Waste disposal facilities KW - Waste products UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328365 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Sheldon-Dean, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROLE OF ENFORCEMENT IN SHORT-RANGE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1980/09 SP - 53 p. AB - The report examines the role of enforcement agencies in the Transportation System Management (TSM) planning process. Four transportation projects in Boston--a preferential lane on an expressway, a center city auto restricted zone, residential parking permit programs, and towing/booting enforcement--were used to illustrate the importance of enforcement in successful project implementation. The research concludes that there are several institutional barriers which hinder effective police participation in the project planning process; that in general, police representation somewhere in the project development process was deemed necessary by police officials; that in the case of Boston, the police agencies provided most useful technical information to project planners; and that strong enforcement should begin immediately at project initiation and then taper off to be reapplied when necessary. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cities KW - Cities and towns KW - Expressways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Highway traffic control KW - Law enforcement KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Massachusetts KW - Parking facilities KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Police KW - Regulations KW - Reserved lanes KW - Systems management KW - Towing devices KW - Traffic lanes KW - Traffic law enforcement KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325345 AU - CHAMBLISS, A G AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE URBAN APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF NEAR-TERM AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/09 SP - 54 p. AB - Until recently, Automated Mixed Traffic Transit (AMTT) applications have been limited primarily to the movement of cargo. The economic benefits demonstrated in AMTT cargo applications have led to interest in applying this technology to passenger transport. This study assesses the near-term application potential of passenger carrying AMTT in an urban environment. The level of service and cost analyses were performed on hypothetical AMTT systems in order to assess this potential. Washington, D.C. was selected as the study site because of its proximity, the existence of bus and rail mass transit systems, and the large variety of potential application sites available within the downtown Washington area. Several sites within the downtown Washington area were reviewed to identify areas with characteristics favorable for a near-term deployment of an AMTT system. Preliminary sites and a final site were selected on the basis of characteristics such as cross traffic, transit system interface, potential demand, topography, right-of-way availability, and construction requirements. Further study and hardware development is required before passenger carrying AMTT can be considered a realistic mass transit alternative. The results of the level of service and cost analyses suggest that within five years near-term AMTTs should be able to provide an attractive level of service at a cost below that of conventional bus transit. This can be achieved with technology currently under development and through careful attention to route configuration and stop location. (UMTA) KW - Analysis KW - Automated mixed traffic transit KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle mix UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323146 AU - Cervero, R B AU - Wachs, M AU - Berlin, R AU - Gephart, R J AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE TRANSIT FARE POLICIES PY - 1980/09 SP - 249 p. AB - This study explores efficiency and equity implications of flat fare systems using revenue, cost, trip making, and demographic data from transit operators serving the Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego areas. Revenues paid by transit users for each mile of service are compared with the unit costs of their trips. The ratio of users' fares to costs per mile of travel are analyzed with respect to distance, time-of-day, and rider demographics in order to draw efficiency and equity inferences. The fare structures of the three case studies were found to embody considerable inefficiencies with respect to distance and time period of travel. Short distance, off-peak patrons paid disproportionately high fares for their trips. Morning and evening peak hour passengers were also major beneficiaries of flat fare systems, on average generating revenue-to-cost ratios twenty percent below those of off-peak users. The incidence of redistributive impacts appeared less regressive among income and age groups than had been anticipated. Based upon current disparities in pricing, a range of alternative pricing scenarios was investigated. Graduated price structures appeared the most promising in equalizing price disparities and eliminating regressivity. More coarsely differentiated fare structures seemed best suited to improving each system's financial posture because of both their high revenue productivity and low collection costs. Fares differentiated by both distance and time-of-day appeared to provide a balance of efficiency equity, and revenue benefits. (UMTA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - California KW - Case studies KW - Demographics KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Graduated fares KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Operating costs KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157180 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323141 AU - Kaye, M C AU - Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE REDUCTION RETROFIT FOOR A "NEW LOOK" FLEXIBLE TRANSIT BUS: SERVICE BULLETIN PY - 1980/09 SP - 66 p. AB - This document presents instructions on how to apply a noise treatment to a contemporary city transit bus without extensive structural alteration. Baseline bus configuration, noise ratings, and performance benchmarks are presented for a Flexible 111DC-D061 transit bus powered by a Detroit Diesel 8V-71N engine. The concepts and much of the hardware described in this report are transferable to similar buses. The information presented herein is of interest primarily to transit bus operators wanting to reduce noise by practical means, and to government agencies, manufacturers, and planners concerned with reducing the noise of buses in service at a moderate cost. In this report instructions are given on how to retrofit the engine with a turbocharger and ancilliary hardware. Acoustic benefits and performance side-effects are given. One beneficial side-effect, because of turbocharging, is reduced harmful exhaust emissions. Another, because of smaller injectors and reduced exhaust back pressure, is fuel conservation. The instructions in this report are complete with sources for manufactured components and raw materials, and with mechanical drawings for components to be locally fabricated. Illustrations and text direct installation as well as effects of noise ratings and performance side- effects are also presented. In this report practical application is coupled with theoretical explanation throughout. (UMTA) KW - Acoustics KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Energy conservation KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel consumption KW - Hardware KW - Noise control KW - Public service vehicles KW - Sound level KW - Turbochargers KW - Turbocharging KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157176 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328364 AU - McInerney, F T AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE FEASIBILITY OF RETROFITTING LIFTS ON COMMUTER AND LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1980/09 SP - 139 p. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine if lift retrofit applications to rail vehicles are technically feasible, and if so, the extent to which existing bus lift technology can be utilized. This report examines some of the technical issues associated with the retrofitting of lifts for elderly and handicapped passengers on light and commuter rail vehicles. There are four major sections to this report. The first section develops the inventory of light rail (LR) and commuter rail (CR) vehicles in the U.S. by number and type. It addresses the characteristics of rail vehicles that differentiate them from buses and makes preliminary indications of which vehicles might be preferable candidates for lift retrofits. The second section assesses the existing bus lift technology. Descriptions of lift designs and operation obtained from manufacturers are presented. The third major section of this report develops the interface requirements between lifts and vehicles based on existing vehicle characteristics and on lift kinematic concepts. The final section examines ancillary issues of lift retrofits on rail vehicles, such as ancillary hardware modifications, safety and liability concerns, and concerns about costs and sources of required funding. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Commuter cars KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Kinematics KW - Liability KW - Lifts KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Reliability KW - Requirement KW - Retrofitting KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Streetcars KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328235 AU - LaMarca, J L AU - King, C M AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT WINTERIZATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS OPERATIONS STUDY PY - 1980/09 SP - 165 p. AB - The severe winters of 1977-1978 and 1978-1979 caused all snowbelt transit systems to experience a variety of problems which resulted in impaired service ranging from systems delays to complete system shutdowns. The scope of this report includes a summary of rail transit equipment problems encountered by transit authorities due to severe winter weather; hardware measures that have been implemented to combat the effects of severe winter weather; summaries of both technological and operational measures in current use by various transit systems, as well as information on their effectiveness; and an update of the 1978 Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) study. Three background events preceded this study: (1) the 1978 study of rail transit's severe winter weather problems and some of the solutions undertaken by Alexander Kusko, Inc. (AKI) for the MBTA; (2) the severe winter experience suffered by the Chicago Transit Authority in 1978-1979; and (3) the formation of a special task force on rail transit snow and ice emergencies by the American Public Transit Authority. The conclusions are concerned with the measures and basic problems faced by transit authorities during severe winter weather. Recommendations are then provided on measures which UMTA and/or the transit authorities can support to minimize winter's impact on transit operations. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Equipment KW - Ice KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance equipment KW - Operations KW - Problem solving KW - Public transit KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Snow KW - Snow removal KW - Urban transportation KW - Weather KW - Winter maintenance KW - Winterization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325946 AU - Ladd, C C AU - Germaine, JJT AU - Baligh, M M AU - Lacasse, S M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF SELF-BORING PRESSUREMETER TESTS IN BOSTON BLUE CLAY PY - 1980/09 SP - 239 p. AB - The research performed "undrained" self-boring pressuremeter tests (SBPT) at tow sites in a deep marine clay deposit of moderate sensitivity (Boston Blue clay) having a decreasing over consolidation ratio with depth. The program involved 2 tests with the French PAFSOR and 14 tests with the English CAMKOMETER devices. The initial pressure recorded after self-boring was generally much less than the in situ total horizontal stress, perhaps mainly due to improper installation techniques. However, the Marsland--Randolph graphical interation method yielded quite reasonable estimates of total horizontal stress, especially in the upper "stiff" clay, and this technique should be further evaluated via SBPT programs in other clay deposits. Values of undrained shear strength obtained from elastic-plastic and various derived methods of analysis were very sensitive to the input data, often showed considerable scatter and generally exceeded the in situ undrained shear strength appropriate for bearing capacity and stability analyses. In particular, derived peak strengths in the deep "soft" clay were too high by a factor of two or more. However, most of the tests did give reasonable estimates of undrained shear modulus. (FHWA) KW - Accuracy KW - Field tests KW - Horizontal stresses KW - In situ stresses KW - Insitu methods KW - Marine clays KW - Modulus KW - Pressiometric probes KW - Pressure gages KW - Stresses KW - Undrained shear strength UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328229 AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE IMPACT INVENTORY OF ELEVATED STRUCTURES IN U.S. URBAN RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1980/09 SP - 199 p. AB - This report presents the results of the third task of a five-task program dealing with the reduction of noise from elevated structures in use in U.S. rail rapid transit systems. This report is an inventory and impact assessment of the noise radiated by trains passing on these structures, insofar as this noise is experienced by nearby community residents. An overview is provided of the noise contributions from the various types of structures in nine existing or planned U.S. transit systems operating on 253 km (157 miles). These systems are: Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA); Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART); Chicago Transit Authority (CTA); Metropolitan Dade County (Metrorail - under construction); Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA); New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA); Port Authority Transit Corporation of Pennsylvania and New Jersey (PATCO); Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA); and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). These structures are classified into 17 different categories, and noise emission characteristics are determined for each type, based on field measurements and/or published data. Day-night average sound levels are estimated for wayside locations near the elevated structures, and population data are used to evaluate noise impact in terms of the Sound Level Weighted Population (LWP). KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise emissions KW - Noise sound KW - Noise sources KW - Railroad bridges KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327743 AU - Chung, Colin S. AU - Anyos, T AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC TRANSIT MARKET ANALYSIS PY - 1980/09 SP - 194 p. AB - This report addresses the need for an automated vehicle mode that could use existing rights-of-way with minor modification. This system concept, Automated Mixed Traffic Transit (AMTT) System, refers to a system of driverless electric vehicles for mixed traffic use. Such systems would significantly decrease the labor costs associated with transit operations. Their use of existing rights-of-way indicates that system capital costs would be relatively low compared to conventional modes. The AMTT system has now reached the stage where it has become necessary to examine and identify its potential market. This report examines the characteristics and associated costs of AMTT vis-a-vis its conventional transportation alternatives. A parametric analysis is performed between electrically powered driverless AMTT and internal combustion conventional bus transit to identify appropriate service and operating conditions for AMTT. In this report, an examination of potential application areas indicates that AMTT would be less costly on a total annual cost basis than conventional bus transit in areas where fleet requirements are relatively low and high amount of service, as measured in vehicle kilometers, is desired. This report states that AMTTs may find potential application in medical centers, airports, CBD malls, some universities and colleges, new towns, large shopping centers, and in a number of recreation areas and amusement parks. KW - Airports KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Buses KW - Capitalized costs KW - Central business districts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Electric vehicles KW - Hospitals KW - Level of service KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - Recreational facilities KW - Right of way KW - Services KW - Shopping centers KW - Shuttle service KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337290 AU - Rubenstein, L D AU - Land, J E AU - Deshpande, G AU - Dayman, B J AU - Warren, E H AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - National Aeronautics and Space Administration TI - METHODOLOGY FOR URBAN RAIL AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PY - 1980/08/01 SP - 164 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) sponsored this R&D Planning Project to develop an improved return on the investment in rail and construction technology research and development. The objective of the project is to apply existing industrial technology toward reducing the operating and capital costs of rail transit systems. To assist in the evaluation, a data base, generated primarily from published data, was used for estimating the present capital and operating costs of various transit system elements. An evaluation model was developed which considered the rate of deployment of the research and development project, potential benefits, development time, and cost. An outline of an evaluation methodology that considered benefits other than capital and operating cost savings was also presented. KW - Analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capital KW - Capitalized costs KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Maintenance KW - Operating costs KW - Policy making KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Research management KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337924 AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/08 SP - 944p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172272 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337888 AU - Salvucci, F AU - Humphrey, T F AU - Myer, M AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY STRATEGIES. PART THREE. THE CASE OF THE "YOURTOWN" URBANIZED AREA PY - 1980/08 SP - 84 p. AB - This report, Part 3, describes a model case study of the contingency planning process. The various institutional relationships, types of analysis performed, agreements reached, and other activities are presented in a manner which should be helpful to areas conducting actual contingency planning. KW - Case studies KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Simulation KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335707 AU - Forstall, K W AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HIGH-SPEED WATERBORNE COMMUTER SERVICE IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS PY - 1980/08 SP - 58 p. AB - Many cities in this country are built around navigable waterways for obvious commercial reasons. This factor, combined with the apparent lack of congestion of many of these waterways, makes over-the-water commuter services an important consideration for future development. The Boston Harbor South Shore Over-The-Water Commuter Service was initiated in December, 1979 to test the suitability of high-speed over-the-water technology for providing commuter service. The demonstration was sponsored by the Massachusetts Executive Office of Transportation and Construction to supplement an existing conventional hull vessel providing service between Hingham, Massachusetts and downtown Boston. A shortage of high-speed vessels forced the State to institute the high-speed service with a single, used HM-2 Mark III hovercraft which seats 60 passengers. A number of difficulties were experienced in maintaining an adequate level of service because of the limitations of this vessel as well as the lack of a comparable backup for it during routine or corrective maintenance. Also, the vessels' seating constraint precluded any significant marketing effort. Despite these problems, the hovercraft had a significant impact on travel time and total over-the-water ridership on the corridor doubled. The major conclusions of the demonstration are summarized in the report. Recommendations are given regarding how to avoid some of the demonstration's weaknesses in future projects. (UMTA) KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Commuting KW - Demonstration projects KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337925 AU - Landau, M AU - CHISHOLM, D AU - Webber, M M AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME I: ON THE IDEA OF AN INTEGRATED TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1980/08 SP - 75 p. AB - Conventional wisdom in Public Administration traditionally maintained that functional duplication in public services is wasteful. This position has been recently challenged, and it is suggested that redundant organizational structures can make the execution of a given program more reliable and the design of new programs more innovative. This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume I, this report, examines the present structure of two independent public agencies offering directly duplicative transit services, namely--Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, and the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). The report discusses such issues as multiorganizational coordination, interagency contracting, role of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, reorganization of Bay Area transit, redundancy and system failure, and economic efficiency and organizational reliability tradeoffs. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Feeder buses KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Passenger service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169267 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337926 AU - Viton, P A AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME II: THE PROFITS OF COMPETITION IN PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/08 SP - 98 p. AB - This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume II investigates the organizational form and style of operations of the Bay Area transit modes. The first section of this report poses 3 broad questions--(1) self-sufficiency of Bay Area transit modes--to what extent are they able to cover operating costs; (2) organizational question--what would be the consequences of merging BART and AC Transit; and (3) feeder service to BART question--what is the best level of providing such a service. The analysis resulting from the considerations provide some numerical answers to the what-if questions posed, and the major conclusions are translated into tentative answers to the policy questions. The author concludes that, if both BART and AC Transit were to operate as profit maximizers, they would deliberately offer a variety of different services; hence attract more riders. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - California KW - Competition KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Level of service KW - Mergers KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger service KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169268 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337927 AU - Adler, S AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME III: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TRANSIT IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, 1945-63 PY - 1980/08 SP - 436 p. AB - This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume III, this volume, focuses on two developments--(1) the historical process that produced the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District in 1957 and the district's regional rapid transit plan, approved by the voters of Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties in November 1962; and (2) the process that produced the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit (AC Transit) District in 1955 and 1956, and the particular transit service this district began operating in 1960. The relation between these two districts is one of the central concerns of this report. These developments are analyzed as contingent outcomes of a regional transit movement that was active during this period. Several aspects of this movement's history are analyzed. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Feeder buses KW - Government policies KW - History KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regions KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337928 AU - Bendor, J B AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME IV: STRUCTURE, COMPETITION, AND RELIABILITY IN PLANNING AND OPERATIONS PY - 1980/08 SP - 335 p. AB - The study consists of 4 separate volumes, and it examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume IV, this report, examines two propositions--(1) that during transit planning, redundant planning would increase the intensity of search for transit alternatives; and (2) that during operations, redundant modes would increase service reliability in the face of a variety of disturbances. In this report, the propositions are examined in three case studies--(1) a study of inter-organizational, redundant transit operations in the San Francisco Bay Area; (2) a study of modally integrated monopolistic transit operations in Washington, DC; and (3) a study of inter-organizational competitive transit planning in Minneapolis-St. Paul. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - California KW - Competition KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Minnesota KW - Passenger service KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Redundancy KW - Reliability KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337158 AU - Rubenstein, L D AU - Land, J E AU - Deshpande, G AU - Harrow, B AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF RAIL TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION PY - 1980/08 SP - 152 p. AB - A study was conducted of the performance of rail transit fare collection equipment. The results can be used to evaluate new and improved fare collection systems. Options in fare collection were illustrated by examining four transit systems. Reliability data, in terms of transactions per failure, were gathered for elements of these systems. Detailed investigations and subsystems failure analyses were conducted for two graduated, distance-related fare systems. Several models were developed for evaluating the impact of equipment reliability on operating costs and passenger delays. Those utilized the binomial probability distribution to calculate the incidence of simultaneous machine failures as a parameter in multi-server queueing and delay frequency models. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Collection KW - Equipment KW - Fare collection KW - Fees KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Passenger service KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Procurement KW - Rail transit stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341514 AU - Winslow, R AU - Morrow, B AU - Carbone, R AU - Cross, E AU - Gill Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE-CYCLE COSTING FOR PROCUREMENT OF SMALL BUSES PY - 1980/08 SP - 80 p. AB - Life-cycle costing (LCC) is the technique of estimating, in the procurement selection process, the total cost of owning and operating a piece of equipment throughout a period of ownership. LCC is one of several methods for selecting equipment on the basis of the lowest cost for a required level of service. The main advantage of LCC is that total life costs are determined in an analytical manner. Its disadvantages include the time and effort required for the computation and the need for data to predict operational cost and performance. The objective of using LCC in procurement is to obtain a product that performs economically and efficiently. These guidelines for LCC of small transit buses focus on the comparative evaluation of competing bus models and explain the use of LCC as an element of procurement decisions. The guidelines discuss the factors that must be considered in the development of procurement procedures using LCC. This report presents a simplified example of LCC which illustrates the computations and suggests sources for the data. The example uses hypothetical vehicles and conditions, and includes a number of simplifying assumptions, such as a uniform life for each of the bus models and that their passenger capacity is the same. In order for LCC to be used in procurement, the evaluation procedure must be described in the bidders' information and the procedure and data must be based on an established relationship to the costs of owning and operating the equipment. Forecasts of future costs for maintenance and fuel may be based on experience obtained either in a testing program or final normal revenue service operation. Realistic assessments of future operating environment and requirements, and consistent applications of procedures and cost parameters, tend to minimize the risk that error in estimates of future costs will result in an incorrect selection. One of the conclusions of this study is that use of LCC reduces the probability that low-priced, but inappropriate vehicles will be selected for transit service and encourages vendors to incorporate cost effective improvements in tendered vehicles. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Level of service KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Procurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334669 AU - Landau, M AU - CHISHOLM, D AU - Webber, M M AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME I: ON THE IDEA OF AN INTEGRATED TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1980/08 SP - 75 p. AB - Conventional wisdom in Public Administration traditionally maintained that functional duplication in public services is wasteful. This position has been recently challenged, and it is suggested that redundant organizational structures can make the execution of a given program more reliable and the design of new programs more innovative. This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume I, this report, examines the present structure of two independent public agencies offering directly duplicative transit services, namely--Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, and the Alamed-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). The report discusses such issues as multiorganizational coordination, interagency contracting, role of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, reorganization of Bay Area transit, redundancy and system failure, and economic efficiency and organizational reliability tradeoffs. The authors state that: 1) increasing the level of redundancy in an organizational system improves the reliability of that system in general; 2) the Bay Area transit suppliers should not be merged into a unified and centrally managed enterprise; 3) rather than more regulations, cut-backs, and monopoly for BART and AC, the policy should be to encourage each operator to do what it does best, to differentiate its product and its fare schedule, and to expand its patronage however it can. (UMTA) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Redundancy KW - Reliability KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334670 AU - Viton, P A AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME II: THE PROFITS OF COMPETITION IN PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/08 SP - 96 p. AB - This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume II investigates the organizational form and style of operations of the Bay Area transit modes. The first section of this report poses 3 broad questions: 1) self-sufficiency of Bay Area transit modes--to what extent are they able to cover operating costs; 2) organizational question--what would be the consequences of merging BART and AC Transit; and 3) feeder service to BART question--what is the best level of providing such a service. To answer these questions, the author sets up and presents his simulation model of the BART-AC transit system. The model is presented in a number of scenarios. The report discusses a model of the demand for different modes of transportation; develops the Cournot-Nash duopoly framework and sets up the loss-minimizing problem for a combined BART-plus-AC transit agency; discusses empirical estimates of the supply and demographic parameters; and shows simulation results for a wide variety of potential urban transportation scenarios. The analysis resulting from the considerations provide some numerical answers to the what-if questions posed, and the major conclusions are translated into tentative answers to the policy questions. The author concludes that, if both BART and AC Transit were to operate as profit maximizers, they would deliberately offer a variety of different services; hence attract more riders. (UMTA) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Competition KW - Coordination KW - Feeder services KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Redundancy KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Simulation KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334671 AU - Adler, S AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUNDANCY IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. VOLUME III: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TRANSIT IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, 1945-63 PY - 1980/08 SP - 434 p. AB - This 4-volume study examines the problem of redundancy/duplication of transit services in the San Francisco Bay Area Transit System. Volume III, this volume, focuses on two concrete developments: 1) the historical process that produced the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) District in 1957 and the district's regional rapid transit plan, approved by the voters of Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco counties in November 1962; and 2) the process that produced the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit (AC Transit) District in 1955 and 1956, and the particular transit service this district began operating in 1960. The relation between these two districts is one of the central concerns of this report. These developments are analyzed as contingent outcomes of a regional transit movement that was active during this period. Several aspects of this movement's history are analyzed. Government-owned interurban rapid transit, in addition to freeways and off-street parking, are discussed as transport means sought by business and political leaders in downtown San Francisco and Oakland to maintain and enhance their competitive positions and to gain shares of postwar economic growth. The composition of movement leadership groups is described; the informal and formal regional organizations they created are analyzed with particular reference to the internal conflicts that delayed the movement's progress in the early years, and then caused it to fracture and partially distintegrate. Transit was a controversial political area on which many places in the region sought to gain competitive locational advantages. (UMTA) KW - Competition KW - Economic development KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Redundancy KW - Regional economics KW - Regional transportation KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328220 AU - Larson, A R AU - Jacobsen, R S AU - HALL, V W AU - Randolph, D G AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PASSIVE VEHICLE-AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. DOCUMENTATION OF PREVIOUS WORK AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY ON THIS CONCEPT PY - 1980/08 SP - 133 p. AB - In the early 1970s, the Vought Corporation developed a small vehicle (three to six passengers) Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system called LectraVia which utilized passive vehicles (PV) operating on an active guideway. This report documents the development of this PV-AGT system and assesses its potential as a concept that could provide technology to improve AGT system operational costs. The documentation includes a full description of the system, the application and cost studies performed, details of the control system, the 1/5-scale operational model, the results of the full-scale LIM motor thrust verification tests, fullscale engineering prototype system and test results. A cost/benefit analysis relative to conventional AGT systems is presented. Application study results are given which show the effect of vehicle size on costs, service, and performance. The technical and economic feasibility of modular construction of the Active Guideway System is also explored. The critical technology required for full development and deployment of passive vehicle systems is identified and a plan for implementation of this development is presented. This report not only describes the PV-AGT system concept in detail but also evaluates the economics of the system through a comparative analysis of the passive vehicle (LectraVia) versus the active vehicle (AIRTRANS) proposals made for the Las Vegas application. The results indicate that the passive vehicle has the advantage of superior system availability at equal or slightly lower costs than can be expected for the active vehicle systems. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Brakes KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideway vehicles KW - Guideways KW - Linear induction motors KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Technology assessment KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328236 AU - Bloom, R F AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION IN TRANSIT STATIONS: APPLICATION GUIDELINES PY - 1980/08 SP - 209 p. AB - It is intended that readers will acquire information from this document that will help in planning, designing, installing, operating, and evaluating the most appropriate CCTV transit surveillance system for their own purposes. This report is arranged to first identify key concepts in the main areas associated with CCTV transit station security systems, and then are focused individually on those main areas which include equipment, personnel, procedures, evaluation, and costs. Appendices which include lists of manufacturers of CCTV components, glossaries of terms and abbreviations, and a comprehensive bibliography are included in this report. The information for this study was obtained from literature surveys, suppliers, visits to existing transit CCTV installations, consultations with subject-matter experts, and the prior experience of the project staff. KW - Analysis KW - Bibliographies KW - Closed circuit television KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors engineering KW - Monitoring KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Surveillance KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328335 AU - Deshpande, G AU - Rubenstein, L AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OVERVIEW OF ESCALATOR APPLICATIONS IN RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1980/07/01 SP - 50 p. AB - New rail transit systems have made extensive use of escalators, increasing the importance of escalator reliability and cost. The project objectives were to determine the difference in operating environment and in construction between escalators in transit and non-transit use, the impact of recent escalator innovations, and areas which could benefit from UMTA sponsored research and development. Several factors causing a more severe transit escalator operating environment were identified. There are no significant design differences between transit and non-transit escalators. Recent innovations that have affected performance and cost include outdoor escalators, extra flat steps at both landings, and modular escalators. Conventional escalators have one drive motor located at the top landing. Motors on a modular escalator are spaced at intervals along the truss. Data were collected by interviews at transit agencies. KW - Development KW - Elevators KW - Escalators KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Motors KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Performance KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Systems KW - Technological innovations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162664 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468380 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERIM ACCESSIBILITY TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM OF THE METROPOLITAN BUS AUTHORITY FOR THE SAN JUAN METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1980/07 SP - v.p. AB - This report offers legal and regulatory information and details the procedures to be followed by Metropolitan Bus Authority in the Implementation of the Interim Accessibility Transportation Program for the Handicapped, as required by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and by Section 27.97(b) of 49FPR, Part 27 of DOT Regulations. KW - Accessibility KW - Government regulations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Puerto Rico KW - Regulations KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281673 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326357 AU - STEWART, C F AU - Reinl, H G AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR WHEELCHAIR LIFTS ON PUBLIC TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1980/07 SP - 27 p. AB - The Safety Guidelines for Wheelchair Lifts on Public Transit Vehicles were developed through a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to the Division of Mass Transportation of the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS). CALTRANS was supported in this research by a broadly based advisory panel of persons drawn from industries and other sectors engaged in activities pertinent to the public transport of the handicapped. In addition, CALTRANS asked bus and lift manufacturers and many transit operators to comment on draft Safety Guidelines. Advice was also sought from the staff of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Systems Center. This report furnishes guidelines that can be used in addressing safety in the preparation of specifications for wheelchair lifts to be used on public transit buses and vans, and are written in performance specification language. They do not constitute adopted requirements or specifications, but rather, offer guidance that represents the latest research and thinking on the subject. Rationale discussions, which identify conditions and bases for specific recommended guidelines are also provided. The Guidelines contain sections that pertain to the lift transporting a person using a wheelchair and sections that pertain to the transport of persons standing. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162269 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365154 AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESCALATOR MODIFICATION FOR THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1980/07 SP - 183 p. AB - This modification kit includes two systems: (1) three special steps are deployed to form a wheelchair platform upon activation by a special electronic user interface; and (2) a controlled start and stop system can be used with or without the platform modification. In either case, this latter automatic control stops the escalator for boarding and also when the appropriate step is at the opposite landing. This report includes discussions of the detailed design of the two systems and the escalator models to which the modification kits can be applied. Tables are provided giving dimensional information about wheelchair configurations now in use and their ability to fit on the deployed platform. Over 95 percent of currently used wheelchairs can be accommodated by this escalator modification. Crowd control techniques and system safety considerations are also discussed. KW - Accessibility KW - Automatic control KW - Escalators KW - Modifications KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Platforms KW - Safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328279 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Bogner, C E AU - Litant, I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR MATERIALS DATA BANK PY - 1980/07 SP - 35 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) has expended considerable effort in assessing the fire performance characteristics of materials used in transit vehicles. The collection and dissemination of pertinent flammability information are an important part of this research. The large volume of data associated with the flammability characteristics necessitated the establishment of a system for storing the data in such a manner that it would be easily available upon request. In the past, a request for such data required a search of files, journal articles, and manufacturers' literature. To address these problems, a plan for a computerized information storage and retrieval system was devised to accommodate such data queries. This report is intended to provide a review of the organization and operation of UMTA's Materials Data Bank which was established and is maintained by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC). Contained within the Materials Data Bank are two basic categories of information: (1) non-metallic materials flammability data, and (2) fire extinguisher data. Included in this review are the reasons for the Bank's establishment, details of its contents, present operational status, and the identification and evaluation of operational alternatives directed at improving its visibility and its usefulness to the technical community. It is recommended that the best method for managing and disseminating the technical data will be accomplished through TSC. A notice of the availability of this system will be published in the Federal Register. KW - Building materials KW - Buses KW - Data banks KW - Data collection KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fire prevention KW - Fire resistant materials KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Flammability testing KW - Flammability tests KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Public service vehicles KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Toxicity KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326305 AU - Balaster, A AU - Arnold, G AU - Simmonds, K AU - Francis, K AU - Federal Railroad Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY BLUE LINE VEHICLE EVALUATION PY - 1980/07 SP - 241 p. AB - The report presents the results of engineering tests carried out on a pair of rapid transit cars for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The tests were performed at the Transportation Test Center, Pueblo, Colorado, from April 1979 through October 1979. The scope of the test program included an evaluation of performance, ride quality, and interior and wayside noise, using standardized test procedures; special engineering tests were made to evaluate energy conservation methods and three types of experimental brake shoes. The tests showed that the vehicles met their design specification requirements with some deficiencies, notably in emergency braking rates. An energy conservation technique was evaluated, in which response characteristics of the vehicle propulsion system were modified to reduce energy needs due to aerodynamic drag at high speeds. Several potential energy-saving configurations were identified, with minimal impact on round-trip times. The experimental brake shoes tested were found to give performance comparable to the original equipment at normal operating speeds for the MBTA Blue Line, but were inferior at higher speeds. KW - Brake shoes KW - Braking performance KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Drag KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Noise KW - Noise sound KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance tests KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Requirement KW - Ride quality KW - Sound level KW - Specifications KW - Tests KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326306 AU - Ahlbeck, D R AU - Harrison, H D AU - Tuten, J M AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASUREMENT OF WHEEL/RAIL FORCES AT THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. VOLUME II. TEST REPORT PY - 1980/07 SP - 95 p. AB - Measurements of wheel/rail forces were made in August 1979 by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) with the assistance of Battelle Columbus Laboratories to determine the causes of excessive wheel/rail wear experiences by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrorail System during its first three years of operation. In addition to measuring the absolute magnitude of the wheel/rail forces, it was the intent to compare alternative methods for relieving wheel/rail wear at WMATA and other transit properties. Measurements of the wheel/rail forces were made at the Washington National Airport Test Site and the Brentwood Shop Test Site. This report describes the results of that effort. The study found that for tight gage, the average flange force between the leading outer wheel and the high rail of an 800-foot radius curve was 9400 pounds, unworn cylindrical profile; 6300 pounds, unworn tapered profile; and 7900 pounds, worn cylindrical profile. For widened gage, the average flange force was 6300 pounds, unworn cylindrical profile and 5500 pounds, unworn tapered profile. On the basis of these results, it was recommended that cylindrical wheels be replaced by tapered wheels and tight gage curves be widened to standard gage. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Gage (Rails) KW - Laterial pressure KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling friction KW - Track gauge KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wear KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheel profiles KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318963 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROSTER OF NORTH AMERICAN RAPID TRANSIT CARS, 1945-1980 SECOND EDITION) PY - 1980/07 SP - 299 p. AB - The document is a compilation of data on rapid transit cars built or currently on order between 1945 and 1980, and in service as of July 1980. It includes cars in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Data includes cost, performance, dimensions, weights, electrical equipment, heating and ventilating systems, traction motors, propulsion equipment, lighting systems, and trucks and suspensions. The Roster is organized by alphabetical order. Within each section, the cars are listed in chronological order and includes cars of the following transit systems: BART - San Francisco Bay Area Transit Authority; BRRTS - Baltimore Regional Rapid Transit Authority; CTA - Chicago Transit Authority; GCRTA - Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority; MARTA - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority; MBTA - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority; WMATA - Washington Metropolitan AREA Transit Authority; MDCTA - Metropolitan Dade County Transportation Administration; MUCTC - Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission; NYCTA - New York City Transit Authority; PATCO - Port Authority Transit Corporation; SEPTA - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority; STC - Sistema de Transporte Collectivo Organismo Publico Descentralizado; and TTC - Toronto Transit Commission. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Canada KW - Classification KW - Electric vehicles KW - Engines KW - Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment KW - Lighting KW - Mexico KW - Motors KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Suspension systems KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Trucks KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318957 AU - Phillips, C AU - Weinstock, H AU - Greif, R AU - Thompson, W I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEASUREMENT OF WHEEL/RAIL FORCES AT THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. VOLUME I. ANALYSIS REPORT PY - 1980/07 SP - 48 p. AB - Under the direction of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), measurements of wheel/rail forces were made in August 1979 by the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) with the assistance of Battelle Columbus Laboratories to determine the causes of excessive wheel/rail wear experiences by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrorail System during its first three years of operation. In addition to measuring the absolute magnitude of the wheel/rail forces, it was the intent to compare alternative methods for relieving wheel/rail wear at WMATA and other transit properties. Measurements of the wheel/rail forces were made at the Washington National Airport Test Site and the Brentwood Shop Test Site. This report describes the results of that effort. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Durability KW - Durability tests KW - Force KW - Lateral pressure KW - Loads KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling contact KW - Rolling friction KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331091 AU - Johnson, L AU - Clark, J J AU - Montgomery County Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTER PARKING STUDY FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND PY - 1980/07 SP - v.p. AB - This Study Involves: 1) An assessment of the present commuter fringe parking conditions in Montgomery County, Maryland, and 2) an investigation into the needs and opportunities for additional fringe parking facilities in the County. During the course of the study several of the major existing commuter parking sites were surveyed in order to determine the characteristics of the parkers and the sites. The study developes several proposals which address the present demand for commuter parking space and the future demands for fringe parking, however fluid that demand may be. KW - Commuters KW - Demand KW - Park and ride KW - Parking UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165524 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325355 AU - STEWART, C F AU - Reinl, H G AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR WHEELCHAIR LIFTS ON PUBLIC TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1980/07 SP - 27 p. AB - The Safety Guidelines for Wheelchair Lifts on Public Transit Vehicles were developed through a grant from the Office of Technology Development and Deployment of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to the Division of Mass Transportation of the California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS). CALTRANS was supported in this research by a broadly based advisory panel of persons drawn from industries and other sectors engaged in activities pertinent to the public transport of the handicapped. The panel is listed within this report. In addition, CALTRANS asked bus and lift manufacturers and many transit operators to comment on draft Safety Guidelines. Advice was also sought from the staff of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Systems Center. This report furnishes guidelines that can be used in addressing safety in the preparation of specifications for wheelchair lifts to be used on public transit buses and vans, and that are written in performance specification language. They do not constitute adopted requirements or specifications, but rather, offer guidance that represents the latest research and thinking on the subject. Rationale discussions, which identify conditions and bases for specific recommended guidelines are also provided. The Guidelines contain sections that pertain to the lift transporting a person using a wheelchair and sections that pertain to the transport of persons standing. These Guidelines are being widely distributed to make the results of this research available for all interested parties. (UMTA) KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Lifts KW - Performance based specifications KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328228 AU - Richards, L G AU - JACOBSON, I D AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PASSENGER VALUE STRUCTURE MODEL. AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PY - 1980/07 SP - 195 p. AB - The objective of this research was to develop a model of the passenger's value structure which would reveal the role and importance of perceived security and other system characteristics on the passenger's evaluation and use of transit systems. The goal is to provide AGT system planners with a tool for predicting the effects of system characteristics or changes in characteristics on the way the user perceives the security of the system. This report includes: a literature review on perceived security; (2) two models of perceived security; (3) an experimental test (description) of a crime countermeasure and its effect on perceived security; (4) a review of the results of two surveys; (5) refinement of the models based on the results of the experiments; and (6) a discussion highlighting certain findings and suggested future research. In this report, two models of perceived security were developed: one showing the effects of perceived security on transit choice and use; and the other describing the determinants of perceived security. An experiment and two surveys were done (1) to assess the effects on perceived security of a crime countermeasure; and (2) to provide data relevant to the models. Surveys of residents living near two subway terminals were conducted both before and after the experimental installations of a closed circuit TV surveillance system at one of the terminals. KW - Attitudes KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Closed circuit television KW - Crimes KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger security KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Present value KW - Prevention KW - Psychological aspects KW - Safety KW - Security KW - Surveys KW - Transportation safety KW - Value UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162606 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326403 AU - Selander, C E AU - Nelson, C A AU - Jones, B V AU - Water and Power Resources Service AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SEGMENTED CONCRETE TUNNEL LINER AND SEALANT SYSTEMS PY - 1980/07 SP - 358 p. AB - Precast reinforced concrete tunnel support lining has been used in Europe for some time as a viable method in tunnel construction. In late 1975 UMTA sponsored a study on segmented concrete tunnel liner and sealant systems. A five-phase study plan was developed and work began in 1976. This report presents the five phases. Phase 1 consists of information gathering and review; Phase 2 consists of the development of segment liner design parameters and trade-off study; Phase 3 consists of the sealant materials and test program; Phase 4 consists of a program to test joint and sealant systems; and Phase 5 addresses the design and manufacture of liner system. The purpose of this study is to identify the design criteria for a bolted circular segmented concrete tunnel liner system; devise, fabricate and test all the components of that system; and develop specifications applicable to the tunneling industry. These specifications are to provide tunnel authorities, designers, contractors, owners, and the general public with proven data for the safe and economical implementation of segmented concrete liners for rapid transit tunnels. Reinforced concrete, a well-established structural material that can be easily designed to withstand the handling, erection, and in situ forces as a tunnel liner, presents the problem of potential leakage at segment junctures. Thus, the main objective of this effort is to identify sealant materials/systems that can demonstrate satisfactory watertightness characteristics at segmented concrete liner joints under simulated soft-ground tunnel environmental conditions. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Bolted joints KW - Bolts KW - Construction joints KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Europe KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Leakage KW - Leakage through joints KW - Precast concrete KW - Prevention KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Sealing compounds KW - Segmental construction KW - Specifications KW - Technology KW - Tunnel excavation KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323148 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAMDEN COUNTY COORDINATED MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS STUDY: PHASE II PY - 1980/06 SP - 116 p. AB - The CMTS Phase II study has recommended a specific implementable plan to improve mobility in Camden County. The recommendations developed during this study are summarized herein as well as the discussions of each of the three study areas. This study recommended that Camden County establish a program to improve coordination between services operated by municipalities, TNJ (Transport of New Jersey). PATCO, and Social Service Agencies. KW - Coordination KW - Local government KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157182 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325349 AU - Schwartz, C W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Azzouz, A S AU - STEINER, W AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. 5 VOLUMES ANALYSIS FOR GROUND-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN TUNNELING PY - 1980/06 SP - 1654 p. AB - This five-volume report includes the results of an extensive research effort by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to improve the design methodologies available to tunnel designers. The purpose of this report is to provide the tunneling profession with improved practical tools in the technical or design area, which provide more accurate representations of the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. The design methods range from simple analytical and empirical methods to sophisticated finite element techniques as well as an evaluation of tunneling practices in Austria and Germany. (UMTA) KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Design methods KW - Empirical methods KW - Finite element method KW - Soil structure interaction KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328271 AU - Wilkins, J D AU - Schwartz, A AU - PARKINSON, T E AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TROLLEY COACH: POTENTIAL MARKET, CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, IMPACTS AND BARRIERS. TASK 2 REPORT FOR THE ELECTRIC TROLLEY BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1980/06 SP - 87 p. AB - This Task 2 report contains a summary of the Task 1 report (PB80-104870) and an examination of the potential market for trolley coach (TC) systems in the United States. TC capital and operating costs are estimated, and the impacts of TC transportation on land use, community aesthetics, and energy consumption are described. In this report, potential barriers to TC expansion are identified and possible UMTA policies are discussed. Some of the conclusions stated in this report are that: improvements in TC technology such as chopper control reduces power consumption 20 percent and provides a smoother ride quality; cost of overhead wire installation is the most significant barrier to new TC systems; there is a definite advantage to TC expansion in terms of long term flexibility of energy source use, and long term reliability of energy supply; and UMTA should maintain a basically neutral position on TC expansion--initiative for such expansion should originate at the local level. KW - Analysis KW - Bus routes KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric vehicles KW - Environmental impacts KW - Market research KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162631 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326061 AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS PY - 1980/06 SP - 1654p-in 5 AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471609 AU - Sulek, J D AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POSTPAYMENT ALTERNATIVES IN TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION PY - 1980/06 SP - 50 p. AB - Postpayment fare collection techniques permit passengers to pay fares on a deferred basis and have considerable potential for eliminating or easing the constraints imposed on fare schedules, transit marketing activities and vehicle operations by conventional cash fare collection methods. As part of its on-going program to encourage the development and adoption of innovative pricing and marketing strategies, the Office of Service and Methods Demonstration of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration has sponsored this review and assessment of alternative postpayment applications. Available options and techniques are outlined and issues associated with the deferred payment of transit fares are explored. In addition, four representative application configurations are selected for more detailed description and discussion. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Deferred payment KW - Fare collection KW - Marketing KW - Postpayment KW - Pricing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377013 AU - Coopers and Lybrand AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY VEHICLE SPARE PARTS INVENTORY SYSTEM VOLUME I TO VOLUME IV PY - 1980/06 SP - v.p. AB - A Vehicle Spare Parts Inventory System (VSPI) design is documented. The design specification was developed through a structured process of data gathering, analysis and conceptualization of alternatives. The system and related findings and conclusions are presented in four associated documents: Executive Summary - A presentation of the conceptual design and summarized portions of the other volumes. System Summary - A description of the work accomplished, design concepts, operating findings and recommendations and a draft of an implementation plan. Detail Functional Design Document - Conceptual systems design and overview presentation of functional systems flow including narratives, inputs/onputs, data element requirements, and system interfaces. Sub-Function Detail Design Document - A presentation of the systems overview and detail design specifications. KW - Availability KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Inventory KW - Procurement KW - Productivity KW - Purchasing KW - Regional Transportation Authority (Illinois) KW - Spare parts KW - Supply KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Warranties KW - Warranty UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194003 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371583 AU - Wilkins, J D AU - Schwartz, A AU - Parkison, T E AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TROLLEY COACH POTENTIAL MARKET, CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, IMPACTS AND BARRIERS: TASK 2 REPORT FOR THE ELECTRIC BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1980/06 SP - 87 p. AB - This Task 2 report contains a summary of the Task 1 report (PB 80-104870) and an examination of the potential market for trolley coach (TC) systems in the United States. TC capital and operating costs are estimated, and the impacts of TC transportation on land use, community aesthetics, and energy consumption are described. In this report, potential barriers to TC expansion are identified and possible UMTA policies are discussed. Some of the conclusions stated in this report are that: improvements in TC technology such as chopper control reduces power consumption 20 percent and provides a smoother ride quality; cost of overhead wire installation is the most significant barrier to new TC systems; there is a definite advantage to TC expansion in terms of long term flexibility of energy source use, and long term reliability of energy supply; and UMTA should maintain a basically neutral position on TC expansion--initiative for such expansion should originate at the local level. In the Task 1 report, the TC development and state-of-the-art are described in terms of the vehicles and facilities in use in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Specific electric propulsion systems, auxilliary mechanical components and vehicle bodies are pictured in the Task 1 report and operating characteristics and dimensions are stated. Power distribution equipment made by major manufacturers in the U.S. and Europe is described in detail, including several types of overhead wire support systems. Associated power supply equipment and characteristics are also covered. KW - Aesthetics KW - Capital costs KW - Catenaries (Railroads) KW - Energy consumption KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Land use KW - Markets KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - Trolleybuses KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184919 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371570 AU - Wiedermann, A H AU - Longinow, A AU - Hahn, E E AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASED RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS IN HEAD-ON COLLISIONS VOLUME III: GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW RAILCAR DESIGNS PY - 1980/06 SP - n.p. AB - As systems manager for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Rail System Supporting Technology Program, the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) is conducting research and development efforts directed toward the introduction of improved technology in urban rail system applications. As part of this program, TSC is conducting analytical and experimental studies toward improved safety in urban rail systems. A specific goal in this area of safety is to reduce the number of injuries that may result from the collision of two trains. This report, Volume III, addresses the nature and severity of potential passenger injury and fatality producing mechanisms due to secondary collisions which occur in intracity train crash environments. This analytical methodology is used to identify the factors and car design parameters, including car interior components which significantly influence passenger injury and fatality. In this manner, meaningful design guidelines are established which will minimize and/or limit the hazard to which the passengers will be exposed in the event of most crash environments. This final report is comprised of three other volumes which are: Volume I: Initial Impact (UMTA-MA-06-0025-80-1); Volume II: Primary Collision (UMTA-MA-06-0025-80-2); and Volume IV: IITRAIN Users' Manual (UMTA-MA-06-0025-80-4). KW - Crashworthiness KW - Design KW - Fatalities KW - Frontal crashes KW - Impacts KW - Injuries KW - Interior KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Safety engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/186277 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326268 AU - Kannel, E J AU - Polito, S J AU - Woo, RYH AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSIT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR STATE EMPLOYEES PY - 1980/06 SP - 118 p. AB - The research presented in this report evaluates a transit assistance program undertaken with congestion and land use issues as a foundation. More specifically, the program sought to relieve pressure on over-crowded parking lots without building additional parking spaces. The objectives of the research were much broader than the determination of how well the subsidy program met the legislative objective of reducing parking demand. The emphasis was to provide transit management and planners with information about the characteristics which impact the travel decisions of these groups. The transit subsidy program was initiated in the State of Iowa. Employees throughout the state were provided an opportunity to purchase monthly passes on the local transit system at a 50 percent subsidy level during the first year and at a 25 percent subsidy level during a second year. This research evaluates the transportation, socioeconomic, and attitudinal characteristics of the participants and nonparticipants in the program. The effectiveness of the program in changing travel habits and the cost of the program are assessed. The most significant and consistent variable for discriminating between users and non-users was the attitudinal factor. Travel cost, the policy variable addressed by the subsidy, was not a dominant variable in any of the models and discriminant analysis probability models were able to correctly classify approximately 80 percent of the employees. The report points out that savings from the potential reductions in parking demand could exceed the cost of the program. However, the demand is not uniformly reduced throughout the year. Recommendations are made to offer alternative pass or ticket forms in order to attract more employees to the program. KW - Iowa KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Parking KW - Passes KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State departments of transportation KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326248 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAMDEN COUNTY COORDINATED MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS STUDY. PHASE II PY - 1980/06 SP - 116 p. AB - The 1970s set in motion a continuing transportation planning program that would provide an efficient and cost effective system of public transportation services for Camden County. Camden County initiated a systematic planning effort--the Coordinated Mass Transit Systems (CMTS) Study--to analyze the transportation needs of the county residents and subsequently to develop a transportation improvement program. Phase I of the CMTS study was completed in July 1977, and it focused on specific transportation issues such as an assessment of the quality of service; evaluation of public information programs; and the role of the county in public transportation. Phase II work was completed in June 1979. Phase II study, this report, focused on three areas: (1) feasibility of park-n-ride express bus service between the future PATCO Berlin Station site and the Lindenwold Station; (2) analysis of all paratransit services; and (3) analysis of all fixed-route transit services in the county. This report documents the evaluation steps and the recommendations of the CMTS Phase II study. It also contains an Executive Summary that highlights the principal conclusions and recommendations of both Phase I and Phase II study efforts. The CMTS Phase II study has recommended a specific implementable plan to improve mobility in Camden County. The recommendations developed during this study are summarized herein as well as the discussions of each of the three study areas. This study recommended that Camden County establish a program to improve coordination between services operated by municipalities, TNJ (Transport of New Jersey), PATCO, and Social Service Agencies. KW - Buses KW - Capitalized costs KW - City planning KW - Costs KW - Demographics KW - Economic conditions KW - Economic surveys KW - Express buses KW - Feeder buses KW - Fixed routes KW - Initiation KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - New Jersey KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Route surveys KW - Surveying KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162202 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326249 AU - Simpson and Curtin, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAMDEN COUNTY COORDINATED MASS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS STUDY. PHASE II. APPENDICES A, B, C, AND D PY - 1980/06 SP - 371 p. AB - The 1970s set in motion a continuing transportation planning program that would provide an efficient and cost effective system of public transportation services for Camden County. Camden County initiated a systematic planning effort--the Coordinated Mass Transit Systems (CMTS)--to analyze the transportation needs of the county residents and subsequently to develop a transportation improvement program. Phase I of the CMTS study was completed in July 1977, and it focused on specific transportation issues such as an assessment of the quality of service; evaluation of public information programs; and the role of the county in public transportation. Phase II work was completed in June 1979. Phase II study, this report, focused on three areas: (1) feasibility of park-n-ride express bus service between the future PATCO Berlin Station site and the Lindenwold Station; (2) analysis of all paratransit services; and (3) analysis of all fixed-route transit services in the county. This report documents the evaluation steps and the recommendations of the CMTS Phase II Study. It also contains an Executive Summary that highlights the principal conclusions and recommendations of both Phase I and Phase II study efforts. KW - Attitudes KW - Buses KW - City planning KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demographics KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Express buses KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder buses KW - Fixed routes KW - Initiation KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Needs assessment KW - New Jersey KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger service KW - Pennsylvania KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Route surveys KW - Surveying KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00344417 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPERATOR GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFER POLICY DESIGN PY - 1980/06 SP - 120 p. AB - The report provides guidelines to aid transit operators in the design of policies to accommodate bus and/or rail transfers. The effects of eleven types of transfer policy actions are discussed. The report also identifies situations or settings in which particular transfer policies can most beneficially be applied. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Development KW - Facilities KW - Guidelines KW - Policy KW - Railroad transportation KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330140 AU - Weisbrod, G E AU - Eder, E S AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE MINNEAPOLIS RIDESHARING COMMUTER SERVICES DEMONSTRATION SN - UM027/R-0712 PY - 1980/06 SP - 353 p. AB - The Total Commuter Services Demonstration (Share-A-Ride Program) was initiated by the Metropolitan Transit Commission in 1977 as a prototype transportation brokerage program designed to arrange alternatives to driving alone for commuters. The program promoted and coordinated services for carpooling, vanpooling, and bus commuting at selected employment sites in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area. This Share-A-Ride program has been designed to be a permanent, ongoing program, characterized by: 1) intensive marketing efforts aimed at employers/employees at selected sites; 2) matching services for carpool, vanpool, and bus information applicants; 3) follow-up assistance with carpool/vanpool formation; and 4) administration of a fleet of leased vans. This report presents the final evaluation of the operations and impacts of a ridesharing brokerage program aimed at multi-employer suburban work sites in the Minneapolis metropolitan area. This evaluation report is based mainly on the project events occuring during the first two operational years of the program, November 1977-October 1979. A unique aspect of this demonstration was its focus on multi-employer work sites in non-downtown locations. The demonstration showed that these sites represent an important market for ridesharing. It also demonstrated the difficulty of engaging participation from small firms. Share-A-Ride tested a number of new program features including a variety of marketing strategies, a manual matching technique, a telephone brokerage technique, and the use of private contractors for marketing and vanpool services. This report serves as a guide to others. (UMTA) KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Carpools KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Marketing KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Ridesharing KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346198 AU - Land, G A AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL TRANSIT INTERN PROGRAM: EVALUATION PY - 1980/06 SP - 76 p. AB - In December 1978 the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the Department of Transportation (DOT) awarded the American Public Transit Association (APTA) a contract to establish and implement Phase II of the National Transit Intern Program (NTIP). The report consists of three evaluation components. The first is a summary of activities performed during Phase II of the program; the second is an assessment and analysis of NTIP's efforts to help participating agencies in selecting prospective managers and to help college-trained students in their career placement; the third and final component is a summary of APTA's future role in NTIP. KW - Administration KW - Deployment KW - Instructional materials KW - Internships KW - Manuals KW - Mass spectrometers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Professional personnel KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171429 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342075 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSIT OPERATOR GUIDELINES FOR TRANSFER POLICY DESIGN PY - 1980/06 AB - This report provides guidelines to aid transit operators in the design of policies to accomodate bus and/or rail transfers policy may range from a complete set of operator actions involving vehicle routing and scheduling, transfer charges, passenger information, and terminal facilities, to a passive "do nothing" approach under which persons who use transfers, might pay a second full fare, and possibly experience the full headway on the connecting route as transfer wait time. In either case, a policy for accommodating transfers reflects some set of objectives, whether explicit or implicit, and represents the selection of a program of inaction or action over many other alternatives. The effects of eleven types of transfer policy actions are discussed in this report. These effects are based largely on the analysis of information obtained from an examination of current or recent transfer practices presented in a companion report: State of the Art of Current Practices for Transit Transfers, U.S. Department of Transportation, May 1980. This report also identifies situations or settings in which particular transfer policies can most beneficially be applied. The authors express, that combined with essential site-specific characteristics of a particular transit system, this document will assist the operator in choosing a transfer policy that best meets local relevant goals and objectives. (UMTA) KW - Bus transportation KW - Fares KW - Guidelines KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Strategic planning KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326035 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - FLORES, A L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF THE FIRE THREAT IN URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1980/06 SP - 109 p. AB - To improve mass transportation, UMTA tasked the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) to assess the overall fire threat in transit systems and to identify and recommend suitable remedial actions. This report presents the identification of the fire threat in urban transit vehicles. The study is based on site visits/surveys to nine representative U.S. transit properties, namely: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA); Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART); New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA); San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI); Southern California Rapid Transit District (RTD-Los Angeles); Denver Rapid Transit District (RTD-Denver); Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA); Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA); and Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). The data collected from the nine transit properties represented all bus and rail rapid transit fire and smoke incidents which occurred at those transit properties during the calendar year 1978. Data was obtained from daily logs, operator reports, accident reports, police reports, and maintenance reports. These data are supplemented by fault tree diagrams and scenarios in identification of the fire threat. These are based on actual transportation fire and smoke incidents in TSC files, data analysis, interviews with transit personnel, and the use of maintenance manuals. Following a description of the TSC data acquisition methodology, the data are analyzed and discussed along with the relationship of the fault trees and scenarios to the identification of countermeasures. KW - Buses KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Data collection KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fault tree analysis KW - Fire damage KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire losses KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Loss and damage KW - Losses KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Smoke KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326063 AU - Schwartz, C W AU - Azzouz, A S AU - Einstein, H H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME 2: ASPECTS OF YIELDING IN GROUND-STRUCTURE INTERACTION PY - 1980/06 SP - 79 p. AB - Volume 2 focuses on a particularly complex and often misunderstood aspect of ground-structure interaction, which is ground yielding and loosening, and reports new findings in this area. The findings are based on previous research, on the knowledge gained during the development of the simplified analysis and the application of the more sophisticated finite element techniques, and on specific studies of strain softening ground behavior. A conceptual review of ground yielding behavior, including outlines of appropriate analytical treatments, is addressed in the report and emphasis is placed on the problematic phenomenon of loosening. In addition to providing some basic concepts of ground yielding, the report also describes and compares analytical solutions for plastic ground behavior. Finally, an analytical tool for treating strain softening behavior is provided. The authors point out that it is hoped that ground-yielding, and consequently, ground-structure interaction, can be better understood and analytically treated, even if some aspects remain somewhat problematic. KW - Construction KW - Deformation curve KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Finite element method KW - Plastic deformation KW - Soil mechanics KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/45000/45900/45913/DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-27.II.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326064 AU - Azzouz, A S AU - Schwartz, C W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME 3: FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE PEACHTREE CENTER STATION IN ATLANTA PY - 1980/06 SP - 111 p. AB - Volume 3 contains the application of the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element program, Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis (ADINA), which was designed to replace the traditional 2-D plane strain analysis, to a specific location. The location is the Peachtree Center Station in Atlanta, Georgia. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the practical use of such a methodology. Predictions of ground movements and stresses caused by the enlargement of the pilot tunnel to form the test chamber, and by the excavation of the main station cavern are displayed. Plots of calculated stresses and deformation are shown in a form suitable for practical comparisons with instrument readings. This application of the three-dimensional finite element model is intended to illustrate some of the advantages and limitations of such methods when used for design or to compare predicted movements with measured movements. The effectiveness of the 3-D analysis for design is constrained but not excluded by the time and total cost requirements of the analysis. The potential design savings will probably outweigh the analysis costs in cases where complex ground-structure interaction cannot be realistically modeled by other methods. KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Finite element method KW - Georgia KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Plastic deformation KW - Rail transit stations KW - Soil mechanics KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326066 AU - STEINER, W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME 5: EMPIRICAL METHODS IN ROCK TUNNELING - REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1980/06 SP - 557 p. AB - Volume 5 evaluates empirical methods in tunneling. Empirical methods that avoid the use of an explicit model by relating ground conditions to observed prototype behavior have played a major role in tunnel design. The main objective of this volume is to provide the tunneling profession with a review of empirical methods, and to also present some guidelines on what empirical methods are best suited for observational (adaptable) tunneling procedures. KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Rock bolting KW - Rock mechanics KW - Rockbolts KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326031 AU - Burriss, W L AU - AiResearch Manufacturing Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED BUS AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PY - 1980/06 SP - 153 p. AB - This report summarizes the Phase 1 work done for improved bus air conditioning systems. The system design goals were: (1) improved reliability characteristics; (2) reduced operating (fuel penalty and maintenance) costs; (3) compatibility with various bus requirements, including suitability for retrofitting existing fleets; (4) state-of-the-art suitability for operational service deployment within 24 months; and (5) use of current maintenance and inspection procedures. The program was divided into four tasks: Task (1) Baseline Criteria and Air Conditioning System Specification; Task (2) Alternative Systems Concept Analysis; Task (3) Supporting Engineering; and Task (4) Life-Cycle Cost/Benefit Analysis. This study explores existing bus air conditioning systems; transit property operating experiences are surveyed and analyzed to determine the problems with present systems and the means for eliminating these difficulties; and recommended advanced air conditioning system design is developed which offers improved reliability and reduced operating costs. This system uses a variable-delivery screw compressor, provided with a capacity-modulating temperature control for reduced power consumption. The recommended system also uses a microprocessor-based controller to provide all of the system control functions and a diagnostic capability for improved maintainability. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Blowers KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Comfort KW - Compressors KW - Cooling equipment KW - Cooling systems KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Fans KW - Fuel consumption KW - Inspection KW - Machines KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Motor vehicles KW - Operating costs KW - Refrigeration KW - Reliability KW - Retrofitting KW - Specifications KW - Technological innovations KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326062 AU - Schwartz, C W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME I: SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS FOR GROUND-STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN TUNNELING PY - 1980/06 SP - 438 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide the tunneling profession with improved practical tools in the technical or design area, which provide more accurate representations of the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. The design methods range from simple analytical and empirical methods to sophisticated finite element techniques as well as an evaluation of tunneling practices in Austria and Germany. Volume 1 describes a simplified analysis method for ground structure interaction in tunneling, which is necessary because of the indeterminate relationships which describe the realm of tunneling parameters. The method is geared toward hand calculations that incorporate the effects of three of the most significant factors influencing the ground structure behavior. The authors point out that it is doubtful that the complex interrelationships among the nearly countless variables in any real tunneling problem can ever be rigorously analyzed, even using the most sophisticated numerical techniques. As an alternative approach, the simplified method focuses on the essential elements of very complicated phenomena in order to isolate the three major factors that have an overriding influence on support loads. These factors are: (1) the relative stiffness of the support and ground mass; (2) the spatial lag or delay of support construction behind tunnel face; and (3) the yielding of ground mass as its shear strength is exceeded. Using these factors, the intent of Volume 1 is to provide an analysis in which accentuated computational ease, coupled with sufficient accuracy, makes the simplified method a valuable and effective design tool for use in preliminary design, for parametric studies in final design, and for updating the design during construction. KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Finite element method KW - Soil mechanics KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326065 AU - STEINER, W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Azzouz, A S AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME 4: TUNNELING PRACTICES IN AUSTRIA AND GERMANY PY - 1980/06 SP - 469 p. AB - Volume 4 documents and evaluates extensive information gathered on tunnel construction practices in Austria and Germany, identifies differences compared to U.S. practices, and describes new developments. The objective was to assemble all available information about the economic, contractual, and technical aspects of tunneling in these countries. The cost information includes general cost data as well as specific costs for tunnels recently constructed, and discusses the reasons why tunneling there is often more economical and technically innovative than it is in the United States. The contractual information is based on a review of contractual standards and procedures in these countries and contractual arrangements for selected projects. The technical information includes general information on design philosophy and construction procedures, and detailed information on analytical and empirical methods and design aspects. A large number of transmountain tunnels in Austria and subway tunnel sections in Germany were visited, and many discussions were held with owner-authorities, design firms, and contractors. KW - Austria KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction projects KW - Contracts KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Germany KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341216 AU - Coopers and Lybrand AU - Regional Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY VEHICLE SPARE PARTS INVENTORY SYSTEM PY - 1980/06 SP - v.p. AB - A Vehicle Spare Parts Inventory System (VSPI) design is documented. The design specification was developed through a structured process of data gathering, analysis and conceptualization of alternatives. The system and related findings and conclusions are presented in four associated documents: Executive Summary - A presentation of the conceptual design and summarized portions of the other volumes. System Summary - A description of the work accomplished, design concepts, operating findings and recommendations and a draft of an implementation plan. Detail Functional Design Document - Conceptual Systems design and overview presentation of functional systems flow including narratives, inputs/onputs, data element requirements, and system interfaces. Sub-Function Detail Design Document - A presentation of the systems overview and detail design specifications. (Author) KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Inventory control KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public transit KW - Spare parts KW - Specifications KW - Systems KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318517 AU - Hahn, E E AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASED RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS IN HEAD-ON COLLISIONS. VOLUME I. INITIAL IMPACT PY - 1980/06 SP - 70 p. AB - A specific goal of safety is to reduce the number of injuries that may result from the collision of two trains. In Volume I, a two-dimensional analytic simulation model of the leading cars of two impacting transit car consists is formulated. This model is capable of simulating the mechanics of head-on initial impact of two transit cars on straight level track. Specifically, the model is capable of establishing the critical parameters which govern whether the cars crush, override, or crush with subsequent override. This simulation model is used to assess impact control devices currently in service, such as anticlimbers, couplers, and draft gear. The report also presents a detailed experimental test plan for evaluating the strength and effectiveness of future designs of impact control devices which has been developed. KW - Couplers KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Draft gears KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Frontal crashes KW - Gears KW - Impact protection KW - Mathematical models KW - Occupant protection devices KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318485 AU - Thompson, D E AU - Humphrey, J T AU - Young, L W AU - Wall, C F AU - Bechtel Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF ADVANCED METHODS OF SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION FOR TRANSIT TUNNELING PY - 1980/06 SP - 405 p. AB - This report presents the results of a field evaluation of advanced methods of subsurface exploration on an ongoing urban rapid transit tunneling project. The objective of this study is to evaluate, through a field demonstration project, the feasibility, applicability, reliability, and cost effectiveness of selected advanced methods of subsurface exploration and instrumentation to produce data usable for rapid transit tunnel design and construction within the time, cost, and schedule constraints common to the industry. Numerous methods of subsurface exploration, including hole advancement techniques, sampling procedures, and geophysical logging tools, were used to predict stratigraphy within a test section on an urban rapid transit project under construction. A test section on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line Extension-Northwest, Cambridge, Massachusetts, was selected to evaluate methods of subsurface exploration used to investigate stratigraphy, ground water levels, bedrock structure, and other geotechnical parameters. The site represents a typical urban setting with the test section located under a major, four-lane divided street, with structures adjacent on both sides. KW - Analysis KW - Construction KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Field tests KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geological surveying KW - Geophysical prospecting KW - Ground water conditions KW - Groundwater KW - Instrumentation KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rock mechanics KW - Soil mechanics KW - Soil stabilization KW - Structural design KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318519 AU - Hahn, E E AU - Walgrave, S C AU - Liber, T AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASED RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS IN HEAD-ON COLLISION. VOLUME II. PRIMARY COLLISION PY - 1980/06 SP - 80 p. AB - A specific goal of safety is to reduce the number of injuries that may result from the collision of two trains. In Volume II, an analytical model in two dimensions, longitudinal and vertical, of the primary collision of two impacting urban railcar consists is formulated. This model includes the formulation of the leading cars developed in Part 1 of this program, and the distribution of mass and nonlinear force-deformation relationships existing among major structural sub-assemblages. This model also is capable of determining the extent of crushing and/or override suffered by the individual cars in the consists, as well as the time histories of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in both the longitudinal and vertical directions. Methods are developed for generating the dynamic force-deformation relationships for structural sub-assemblages comprising the critical modules of railcars. These methods include finite-element analysis, scale modeling, and full-scale testing procedures including specifications for required testing equipment and instrumentation. KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Deformation KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Finite element method KW - Frontal crashes KW - Instrumentation KW - Loads KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Specifications KW - Structural analysis KW - Testing KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318518 AU - Hahn, E E AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASED RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS IN HEAD-ON COLLISIONS. VOLUME IV. TRAIN USER'S MANUAL PY - 1980/06 SP - 233 p. AB - A specific goal of safety is to reduce the number of injuries that may result from the collision of two trains. In Volume IV, a computer code for the simulated crash of two railcar consists is described. The code is capable of simulating the mechanics of head-on impact of two consists on straight level track. The simulation is limited to two dimensions, namely a vertical plane containing the length of the track. The user can model the individual car components or cars in a complex or as simple a manner as is warranted by the simulation results desired. Although specifically developed for transit cars, the code can also be used to simulate freight trains or intercity passenger trains. KW - Computer programs KW - Crash injury research KW - Crashes KW - Crashworthiness KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Dynamics KW - Freight trains KW - Frontal crashes KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger trains KW - Passenger transportation KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Safety engineering KW - Simulation KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design KW - Vertical dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323147 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - FLORES, A L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION OF THE FIRE THREAT IN URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLES SN - MA-06-0051 PY - 1980/06 SP - 109 p. AB - This report presents the identification of the fire threat in urban transit vehicles. The study is based on site visits/surveys to nine representative U.S. transit properties, namely: Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA); Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART); New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA); San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI); Southern California Rapid Transit District (RTD-Los Angeles); Denver Rapid Transit District (RTD-Denver); Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA); Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA); and Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). The data collected from the nine transit properties represented all bus and rail rapid transit fire and smoke incidents which occurred at those transit properties during the calendar year 1978. Data were obtained from daily logs, operator reports, accident reports, Police reports, and maintenance reports. These data are supplemented by fault tree diagrams and scenarios in identification of the fire threat. These are based on actual transportation fire and smoke incidents in TSC files, data analysis, interviews with transit personnel, and the use of maintenance manuals. Following a description of the TSC data acquisition methodology, the data are analyzed and discussed along with the relationship of the fault trees and scenarios to the identification of countermeasures. KW - Countermeasures KW - Data collection KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Fires KW - Protection KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325352 AU - Kannel, E J AU - Polito, S J AU - Yun-Hao Woo, R AU - Iowa State University, Ames AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSIT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM FOR STATE EMPLOYEES PY - 1980/06 SP - 118 p. AB - The research presented in this report evaluates a transit assistance program undertaken with congestion and land use issues as a foundation. More specifically, the program sought to relieve pressure on over-crowded parking lots without building additional parking spaces. The objectives of the research were much broader than the determination of how well the subsidy program met the legislative objective of reducing parking demand. The emphasis was to provide transit management and planners with information about the characteristics which impact the travel decisions of these groups. The transit subsidy program was initiated in the State of Iowa. Employees throughout the state were provided an opportunity to purchase monthly passes on the local transit system at a 50 percent subsidy level during the first year and at a 25 percent subsidy level during a second year. This research evaluates the transportation, socioeconomic, and attitudinal characteristics of the participants and nonparticipants in the program. The effectiveness of the program in changing travel habits and the cost of the program are assessed. The most significant and consistent variable for discriminating between users and non-users was the attitudinal factor. Travel cost, the policy variable addressed by the subsidy, was not a dominant variable in any of the models. Discriminant analysis probability models were able to correctly classify approximately 80 percent of the employees. Transferability of the models between cities was checked by classifying employees in the cities other than the one in which the model was calibrated. Employee classifications were most comparable with models based on the attitudinal components. Approximately 45 percent of the users were auto drivers before the program. The savings from the potential reductions in parking demand could exceed the cost of the program. However, the demand is not uniformly reduced throughout the year. Recommendations are made to offer alternative pass or ticket forms in order to attract more employees to the program. (UMTA) KW - Attitudes KW - Discriminant analysis KW - Discriminate analysis KW - Government employees KW - Incentives KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Travel budgets KW - Travel costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00324396 AU - Schwartz, C W AU - Einstein, H H AU - Azzouz, A S AU - STEINER, W AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS. VOLUME 1--VOLUME 5 PY - 1980/06 SP - v.p. AB - This compendium is composed of five volumes. Volume 1--Analysis for Ground-Structure Interaction in Tunneling--is designed to provide the tunneling profession with improved practical tools in the technical or design area, which provide more accurate representations of the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. Volume 2--Aspects of Yielding in Ground-Structure Interaction--focuses on a particularly and often misunderstood aspect of ground-structure interaction which is ground yielding and loosening, and reports new findings in this area. Volume 3--Finite Element Analysis of the Peachtree Center Station in Atlanta-contains the application of the three-dimensional finite element program, AUtomatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis, which was designed to replace the traditional two-dimensional plane strain analysis, to a specific location. Volume 4--Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany--documents and evaluates extensive information gathered on tunnel contruction practices in Austria and Germany, identifies differences compared to U.S. practices, and describes new developments. The primary objective of Volume 5 (Empirical Methods in Rock Tunneling--Review and Recommendations) is to provide the tunneling professional with a review of empirical methods and to present some quidelines on what empirical methods are best suited for observational (adaptable) tunneling procedures. KW - Finite element method KW - Guidelines KW - Nonlinear systems KW - Nonlinearity KW - Plane strain KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Strain (Mechanics) KW - Structural analysis KW - Structural behavior KW - Structural design KW - Structural mechanics KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319190 AU - Southeastern Connecticut Regional Planning Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM MANAGEMENT ELEMENT FOR SOUTHEASTERN CONNECTICUT PY - 1980/06 SP - 116 p. AB - This report contains summary data and information on the status of transit in the Southeastern Connecticut area and makes certain recommendations for modifications utilizing low cost techniques to improve operating effectiveness, the primary objective of the Transit System Management Element process. The body of the report is divided into two sections. The first section deals with specific developments and accomplishments that occurred during Fiscal Year 1979-1980 as a result of Metropolitan Planning Organization efforts to help the Southeast Area Transit implement the transit plan. The second section is somewhat more technical and less descriptive in nature. It deals with very specific detail changes that have been made to the proposed transit system in order to increase its efficiency. KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Implementation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318917 AU - Kain, H R AU - Marks, G J AU - Hall, F M AU - Advance Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE-CYCLE COST PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES FOR ADVANCED-DESIGN BUSES (DEVELOPMENT AND TEST APPLICATION) PY - 1980/05/30 SP - 70 p. AB - The report reflects UMTS's efforts to assist the grantees to comply with the DOT FY 1980 Appropriations Act requirement that contracts for the acquisition of rolling stock, including urban buses, and that be awarded only after consideration of performance, standardization, life-cycle costs, etc., in addition to initial capital costs. A key to this assistance is presented in this report, namely--a set of acceptable, workable life-cycle costing procedures and guidelines to be used by the bus manufacturers and the grantees in life-cycle procurements. The study develops the life-cycle cost tools, guidelines, and procedures applicable to the bus industry and to apply the principles of life-cycle costing to the real-life environment of Advanced Design Bus (ADB) purchases. Tests were conducted by two transit properties--Phoenix Transit Authority (Phoenix, Arizona), and the Regional Transportation authority (Chicago, Illinois). The parallel, nonbinding life-cycle cost procurements of ADB by the two transit operators demonstrated that life-cycle costing, when used as a procurement tool, is a viable alternative to the current low-bid acquisition of urban buses. The tests further showed that life-cycle cost procurement provides the grantees with the data necessary to make a more cost-effective purchase; it also provides the manufacturers an incentive to modify their bus designs to achieve better quality at a lower total cost of ownership. KW - Accounting KW - Acquisition KW - Automobile industry KW - Buses KW - Contract administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Government procurement KW - Governments KW - Guidelines KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Procurement KW - Property acquisition KW - Quality assurance KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314395 AU - Barnum, D T AU - Gleason, J M AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A MODEL FOR MEASURING THE IMPACT OF SUBSIDIES ON MASS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY PY - 1980/05 SP - 20 p. AB - The paper develops a theory for the relationship between subsidy and efficiency in mass transportation. Wage per vehicle hour is used as a representative efficiency measure. A theory for the evolution of efficiency levels in transit organizations is developed, and the theory is used to identify the differences in efficiency that could occur between systems identical in every way except for the proportions of their revenues which come from fares and subsidies. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Impacts KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150960 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343626 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE INSURANCE STUDY PY - 1980/05 SP - 92 p. AB - This report presents the results of an insurance study that was conducted for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the vehicle insurance programs of the 19 urban transit systems in Wisconsin and provide recommendations for improvement of these programs. Particular attention was given in the analysis to group alternatives. KW - Buses KW - Executives KW - Hazards KW - Insurance KW - Insurance claims KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Risk assessment KW - Safety KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00329010 AU - Richard, B AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE USER-SIDE SUBSIDY TAXI PROGRAM IN THE HARBOR AREA OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA PY - 1980/05 SP - 79 p. AB - The user-side subsidy, shared-ride taxi program operating in the Harbor Area of Los Angeles, California, known locally as Share-A-Ride, is one of eleven special transportation efforts for mobility-impaired persons that are financed by the State's Transportation Development Act, Intra-Community Services funds in Los Angeles County. Besides offering service for the elderly, handicapped, and low-income residents of the area (20 square miles), the objective of this program is to provide operating experience that will allow for a comparison of user-side and provider-side subsidy services. This report describes how the Harbor Area program operates, provides detailed operating data, and analyzes the results of the program. The study relied on available data and personal interviews. Data included monthly operating reports, a survey of participants, and a sampling of waybills and rider coupons used in January and August 1979. Monthly contact was maintained with both the administering and operating agencies. KW - Aged KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disadvantaged persons KW - Grant aid KW - Level of service KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Low income groups KW - Motor vehicles KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Services KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12776/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162872 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322702 AU - Vollmer Associates LLP AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOWER MANHATTAN TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT STUDY PY - 1980/05 SP - 130 p. AB - This study develops a transportation management plan to assign street use priorities, lessen pedestrian/vehicular conflicts and identify low capital cost improvements to implement the plan. The plan provides for improved pedestrian and vehicular circulation, more efficient surface transit operations, increases pedestrian and vehicular safety, more efficient goods movement and delivery access, improved access to mass transit, increased pedestrian space and reduced air pollution levels. The overall vehicular traffic flow plan involves the creation of traffic cells in the assignment of direction and classification to the streets. In addition to the overall circulation plan, specific components of the circulation system were investigated. The latter investigation led to the development of recommendations and the identification of improvements which could be implemented. An implementation schedule was developed, capital costs were estimated, and possible funding sources were identified. KW - Accessibility KW - Administration KW - Freight traffic KW - Highway operations KW - Improvements KW - New York (New York) KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Streets KW - Traffic KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic safety KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326378 AU - Barnum, D T AU - Gleason, J M AU - University of Nebraska, Lincoln AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DRAWBACKS INHERENT IN CURRENTLY USED MEASURES OF MASS TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1980/05 SP - 19 p. AB - The paper examines weakness and biases inherent in certain measures of urban mass transit performance. The concepts of effectiveness and efficiency in transit are discussed, and the shortcomings of some currently used effectiveness ratios are examined. It is noted that many of the effectiveness measures should more properly be classified as efficiency measures. Weaknesses of certain efficiency measures are also examined. The performance measures examined are cost per passenger, passengers per bus hour, vehicle miles per operator, and cost per vehicle hour. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Estimates KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335925 AU - Warren, McVeigh and Griffin AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WISCONSIN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE INSURANCE STUDY PY - 1980/05 SP - 100 p. AB - The activities relating to the administration of risk and insurance are often referred to as risk management. The objectives of such activities for any entity, including a transit system, are: 1) Prevention of serious financial difficulties or interruptions in service, resulting from unplanned losses and 2) Accomplishing this at the lowest long-term cost by carefully balancing the following cost elements: a) losses assumed without insurance; b) loss prevention (including training) costs; c) claim handling expenses; d) insurance premiums; and e) program administrative costs. This report presents the results of an insurance study that was conducted for the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the vehicle insurance programs of the 19 urban transit systems in Wisconsin and provide recommendations for improvement of these programs. Particular attention was given in the analysis to group alternatives. The recommendations include separating the transit insurance from other municipal insurance, shifting the procurement of the vehicle to the transit manager, and considering deductibles or retentions as alternatives to full insurance. (UMTA) KW - Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Costs KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Hazards KW - Insurance KW - Insurance claims KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Losses KW - Prevention KW - Procurement KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Risk assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/168765 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318490 AU - Bamberg, W AU - Eldredge, Don AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROPOSED ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR RAIL CAR PROPULSION SYSTEM SELECTION PY - 1980/05 SP - 50 p. AB - This report proposes a rail car propulsion system selection methodology based on life cycle costing. The objective of the proposed methodology is to provide transit operators with a practical method of calculating propulsion system life cycle costs to be used in bid evaluation of different rail car propulsion and control system technologies. If life cycle costing is to become part of the car acquisition process, it is important that the methodology is known and accepted by the suppliers and purchasers. The analysis methodology as presented here is to some extent based on previously applied methods and includes results from new work performed for this project. In this report, recent railcar propulsion system procurement practices and other related information were reviewed, and discussions were held with propulsion system suppliers and various operating systems. Results of this research were used in the development of the propulsion system evaluation and selection methodology, and the structured application of life cycle costing. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical techniques KW - Bids KW - Cash flow KW - Control systems KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Equipment KW - Equipment specifications KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Materials KW - Materials management KW - Materials replacement KW - Motors KW - Planning KW - Procurement KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specifications KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155732 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00324469 AU - WOODHULL, J AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGING PEAK PERIOD TRANSIT DEMAND IN LOS ANGELES PY - 1980/05 SP - p. 57-63 AB - This paper discusses cost and fare structure analysis at the Southern California Rapid Transit District, where in-depth studies of cost and fares have recently been performed. It has been found that off-peak fares tended to subsidize peak-hour service, particularly the express buses using the freeway. To compensate for this, a surcharge is added to the peak hour fare, while the express service utilizes a graduated fare system. A flat fare is retained for local service. The worst single inefficiency of the peak is having to run buses in two directions for travel in one direction. This imbalance has been eased somewhat by the increasing suburbanization of employment. Where reverse commutes are possible, ridership has grown spontaneously. Where the imbalance persists, load-shedding (i.e. actually encouraging car-or vanpool to relieve bus overcrowding) is recommended. Where peak occur at different times on different lines, some efficiency is gained through interlining. Other possibilities being explored include more sophisticated data collection and analysis, better means of tying costs and revenues to units of service provided, use of part-time drivers, automatic passenger counting and vehicle monitoring, and increasing computerization of scheduling process. U1 - From Panel Sessions of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration University Research Conference, May 6-7, 1980. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Peak periods KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation policy UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161051 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00324468 AU - Lave, C A AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF PART-TIME LABOR AND WORK RULE CHANGES TO REDUCE PEAK PERIOD TRANSIT COSTS PY - 1980/05 SP - p. 47-56 AB - The effects of changing maximum spread time (the maximum allowable time between sign-on and sign-off), changing spread premium time (the time after which a driver receives time and a half), and/or allowing more part-time drivers on bus companies in four cities with different contracts and schedules were calculated using RUCUS, the run-cutting and scheduling program developed for UMTA. For each potential work rule change, buses were rescheduled and new labor costs were computed. There is no one figure for the savings from part-time labor. The savings are context-sensitive, with the most savings going to transit properties with the highest peak-to-box ratio (5 to 14 percent in that case). Changing maximum spread time had a much greater effect on operating costs (up to a 22 percent increase in driver pay hours for a change of an hour) than changing spread premium time (only 3 to 6 percent difference in operating costs for an hour's change). U1 - From Panel Session of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration University Research Conference, May 6-7, 1980. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Impact studies KW - Labor costs KW - Part time employees KW - Savings KW - Scheduling KW - Simulation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/161050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325285 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAIL NOISE ABATEMENT PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1980/05 SP - 37 p. AB - Transit operators, transit patrons and communities have all expressed concern over rail transit noise and indicated that its reduction should have priority. The UMTA Urban Rail Noise Abatement Program has assessed the dimensions of this problem to identify, develop and test noise abatement technology, and to share such control techniques with transit systems, suppliers, manufacturers and others concerned with urban rail noise. The Program consists of three major areas: Noise Assessment in which the mechanics of noise transmission and methods of acoustic measurement are described; Technology Development and Evaluation in which the various types of wheel/rail noise are described along with damping systems, as well as the problems of elevated structures, subway tunnel vibration, ground-borne noise and propulsion system noise. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Development KW - Elevated structures KW - Noise KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise sources KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Vehicle power plants UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56644/urbanrailnoisea0600unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322291 AU - Kain, H R AU - Marks, G J AU - Hall, F M AU - Advanced Management Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE-CYCLE COST PROCUREMENT PROCEDURES FOR ADVANCED DESIGN-BUSES: DEVELOPMENT AND TEST APPLICATION PY - 1980/05 SP - 70 p. AB - This report reflects UMTA's efforts to assist the grantees to comply with the DOT FY 1980 Appropriations Act requirement that contracts for the acquisition of rolling stock, including urban buses, and that be awarded only after consideration of performance, standardization, life-cycle costs, etc., in addition to initial capital costs. A key to this assistance is presented in this report, namely a set of acceptable, workable life-cycle costing procedures and guidelines to be used by the bus manufacturers and the grantees in life-cycle procurements. The authors foresee added benefits to be derived from applying the approaches developed in this study to "live" procurements. This study aims to develop the life-cycle cost tools, guidelines, and procedures applicable to the bus industry and to apply the principles of life-cycle costing to the real-life environment of Advanced Design Bus (ADB) purchases. Tests were conducted by two transit properties--Phoenix Transit Authority (Phoenix, Arizona), and the Regional Transportation Authority (Chicago, Illinois). The parallel, nonbinding life-cycle costing, when used as a procurement tool, is a viable alternative to the current low-bid acquisition of urban buses. The tests further showed that life-cycle cost procurement provides the grantees with the data necessary to make a more cost-effective purchase; it also provides the manufacturers an incentive to modify their bus designs to achieve better quality at a lower total cost of ownership. (UMTA) KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Guidelines KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Procurement KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326412 AU - Crain, J AU - Hodson, E AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS: A REPORT ON ELEVEN DEMONSTRATIONS PY - 1980/05 SP - 211 p. AB - This report summarizes and evaluates eleven rural transportation projects conducted on eleven Indian reservations and were funded under Section 147 of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973, as amended. The evaluations describe the transportation problems in the reservation settings, the benefits and costs of the projects, the solutions to these problems that were demonstrated, and findings and recommendations relative to government actions in this area. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Benefits KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Cost estimating KW - Demonstration projects KW - Estimates KW - Highway transportation KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Routes KW - Rural areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335418 AU - Betterley Consulting Group AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND TRANSPORTATION PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE INSURANCE STUDY PY - 1980/04/03 SP - v.p. AB - Motor vehicle insurance costs have been rising steadily in the United States, and the impact has been particularly felt by public bus transit systems facing the problem of restricted revenues. Betterley Consulting Group, Inc. was engaged to review the motor vehicle insurance programs for 12 transit systems and explore possibilities for the potential reduction of their costs. The project has as its prime objectives the evaluation of the risks and protection programs of 12 individual public transportation systems in the commonwealth of Virginia to determine the potential for reducing insurance costs while at this same time maintaining an adequate level of protection against claims and losses. The study examined each transit system and the options available to it, by itself, and then all possibilities of collective action with other transit systems with varying degress of participation. (Author) KW - Costs KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Hazards KW - Insurance claims KW - Liability insurance KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Risk assessment KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326054 AU - Baehr, M E AU - Penny, R E AU - Froemel, E C AU - University of Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority TI - A VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTION PROCEDURES FOR MALE AND FEMALE BUS OPERATORS PY - 1980/04 SP - 139 p. AB - Two related but separate investigations were undertaken in the course of the present project. The first was a selection test validation study for female bus operators that utilized and built on the research findings and results of the original study entitled a "National Validation of a Selection Test Battery for Male Transit Operators." The second was a reanalysis of the results of this original study in order to investigate three specific procedures for the purpose of determining whether modifications could be made in the male operator test battery which would increase its validity or utility. A performance-criterion, concurrent validation study was implemented for female bus operators in accordance with the Uniform Guidelines with a validity coefficient obtained from an equation fitted to the total sample of white, black, and Hispanic operators. Two of the three tests used in this equation are identical to those used in the male battery and the third is merely adapted for use with female applicants. The reanalysis of the results of the male bus operator battery validation addressed three specific issues, two of which had surfaced in the course of the implementation of the battery. They concern, respectively, the effect on training school performance of not including a cognitive test in the battery, and the effects of age on the applicants' test battery score. The third issue is a technical test construction one and concerns the possibility of increasing battery validity through use of a more vigorous response technique for one of the three instruments. KW - Aptitude tests KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Drivers KW - Employment KW - Females KW - Job analysis KW - Male drivers KW - Males KW - Minorities KW - Personnel KW - Qualifications KW - Selection and appointment KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Urban areas KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00368211 AU - New Jersey Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Tri-State Regional Planning Commission TI - NEW JERSEY BUS FLEET MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES STUDY PY - 1980/04 SP - v.p. AB - New Jersey DOT has provided transit operators with subsidies and buses; in 1978 the DOT-owned fleet represented 45% of all transit and charter buses in the state. To assure adequate maintenance of the state-owned fleet, this study made an inventory of the buses in the state and then developed information on existing bus maintenance conditions and provided recommendations for improvement. Also developed was a forecast of potential equipment purchases to the year 2000, as well as alternative maintenance concepts and institutional arrangements. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Garages KW - Government funding KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - New Jersey KW - New Jersey Transit KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314455 AU - Williams, G H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMULATION MODELS FOR THE ELECTRIC POWER REQUIREMENTS IN AN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1980/04 SP - 137 p. AB - This report describes a computer simulation model developed at the Transportation Systems Center to study the electrical power distribution characteristics of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) systems. The objective of this simulation effort is to provide a means for determining the power distribution requirements of AGT systems and for evaluating their performances under varied operating conditions. Typical systems which could be modeled include the Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit System, the Dallas-Fort Worth Airtrans System, or one of the proposed Downtown People Movers. This report specifically describes a Fortran computer program which models the electric power requirements of a typical AGT system. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Computer programs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Drag KW - Electric power transmission KW - Energy consumption KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Live loads KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling contact KW - Rolling friction KW - Rolling resistance KW - Simulation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150993 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330663 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF MAKING RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS ACCESSIBLE TO HANDICAPPED PERSONS. A NATIONAL SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES PY - 1980/04 SP - 83 p. AB - Section 321 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 required this study of rendering rail transit and commuter systems accessible to handicapped persons. Estimates of capital and operating costs were developed for rapid transit, light-rail and commuter rail modes, along with estimates of the demand for such service on light-rail and commuter operations and the benefits of such accessibility. An increased ridership of 0.6 percent was estimated annually for commuter and light-rail modes with costs per trip ranging from $3 to more than $50 and the average between $10 and $40. Operators predicted operating and capital costs of up to $11.4 billion over 50 years; a consultant estimated about half this amount. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Amtrak KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capital KW - Commuter service KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Government regulations KW - Lifts KW - Light rail transit KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger station design KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Structural design KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00328963 AU - Koffman, D AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE RUNAROUND: USER-SIDE SUBSIDIES FOR MASS TRANSPORTATION IN DANVILLE, ILLINOIS PY - 1980/04 SP - 380 p. AB - In August 1977, the City of Danville, Illinois was awarded a two-year amendment to an Urban Mass Transportation Administration Service and Methods Demonstration grant to test the application of a user-side subsidy concept supporting fixed-route transit to be provided by private transportation companies. This document discusses Phase II and the second year of Phase I. The distinguishing feature of a user-side subsidy is that providers of a service receive the subsidy only in amounts proportional to the number of people who use the service. The user-side subsidy arrangement offers a number of strong advantages over more conventional subsidy arrangements, and the overriding advantage is its value in promoting efficient use of transportation resources. This report discusses service provided by private contractors who were selected on a competitive basis every four months. KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Bus lines KW - Contract administration KW - Contracts KW - Danville (Illinois) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Economic analysis KW - Fixed routes KW - Labor relations KW - Needs assessment KW - Negotiated contracts KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private transportation KW - Productivity KW - Project management KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Rates KW - Rates costs KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Subsidies KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162845 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346026 AU - Wightman, W D AU - Calabrese, S AU - Foster, E L AU - Mass Transit Administration of Maryland AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL STUDY OF PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LINER DEMONSTRATION: LEXINGTON MARKET TUNNELS, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND PY - 1980/04 SP - 268 p. AB - During the period from the Spring of 1976 through early 1980, a demonstration project was carried out for precast segmented concrete tunnel liner in the Lexington Market Section of the Baltimore Regional Rapid Transit System. In the project, twin tunnels, each approximately 1550 feet in length, were lined with concrete in the outbound tunnel and steel in the inbound tunnel. Length, ground conditions, tunneling techniques, and crews were comparable for the two tunnels. This study and report of findings were commissioned by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to provide government and industry personnel with a comprehensive evaluation of precast segmented concrete liner for use in transit tunnels in the United States. The performance of the two liner systems was documented in considerable detail through a combination of instrumentation, record keeping, photography, and personal observation. This performance and the program by which it was determined, are described in detail in this report. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Concrete construction KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Geological surveying KW - Maryland KW - Performance evaluations KW - Precast concrete KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Steel KW - Steel construction KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00346197 AU - Land, G A AU - Storck, K AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT: THE WAY TO GO IN THE '80S. HANDBOOK FOR TRANSIT INTERNSHIPS PY - 1980/04 SP - 56 p. AB - The National Transit Intern Program (NTIP) is a U.S. Department of Transportation-Urban Mass Transportation Administration sponsored effort to encourage qualified college students to seek careers in the transit industry. NTIP is a partnership between the transit community and educational institutions with the goal of increasing the number of personnel having both the necessary academic training and transit experience. The aims of NTIP are: (1) to develop a model for internship programs involving transit agencies and academic institutions nationwide; (2) to test and refine the model; (3) to evaluate the model for effectiveness; and (4) to institutionalize ongoing support for intern programs through a job information clearinghouse maintained and administered by the American Public Transit Association (APTA). This first edition internship handbook is designed to help reduce the transit industry's management and technical personnel shortages by increasing the flow of college-trained and transit-experienced personnel to the transit industry. The purpose of the handbook is to provide a descriptive internship model to be utilized by local transit agencies in implementing or expanding internship programs. KW - Administration KW - Deployment KW - Handbooks KW - Instructional materials KW - Internships KW - Manuals KW - Mass spectrometers KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Professional personnel KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Specialized training KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171428 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318960 AU - HANSON, C E AU - SCHAFER, M AU - TOWERS, D AU - ELDRED, K AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE CONTROL FOR RAPID TRANSIT CARS ON ELEVATED STRUCTURES: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF VEHICLE SKIRTS, UNDERCAR ABSORPTION, AND NOISE BARRIERS PY - 1980/04 SP - 61 p. AB - In the report, procedures to reduce the propulsion system noise of urban rail transit vehicles on elevated structures are studied. Experiments in a laboratory use a scale model transit vehicle to evaluate the acoustical effectiveness of noise barrier walls, vehicle skirts, and undercar absorption. These experiments assume that the propulsion system noise is the only source of noise. Field measurement of urban rail transit vehicles at the Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) in New Jersey provide additional data to compare the noise from elevated-structure and at-grade track sections. The results show that vehicle skirts and undercar absorption can provide a cost-effective noise reduction alternative to noise barriers if the propulsion system is the dominant noise source. The scale model results are only approximate and must be verified by full-scale demonstration tests. However, the potential value of the results can be demonstrated by applying the measured noise reductions in octave bands to the actual measured noise spectrum of the PATCO vehicle. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Instrumentation KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit noise KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound absorption KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155903 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00315277 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT STATION USE BY THE HANDICAPPED: VERTICAL MOVEMENT TECHNOLOGY PY - 1980/04 SP - 68 p. AB - Transit station use by the handicapped is one area of concern affected by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Within any given transit station facility, problems related to vertical movement of level change (i.e., stairway and ramp width, ramp grades, stairway tread, height of risers, and use of escalators and elevators), especially for the handicapped, can be most critical. The Reston conference addressed some of these problems in light of existing and potential vertical movement technology. New transit systems or modifications to existing systems can incorporate appropriate designs to solve level-change problems that will accommodate Section 504 requirements. Design solutions for new stations may also be applicable to the adaptation of older stations. (Author) KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Conferences KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Elevators KW - Escalators KW - Human factors KW - Lifts KW - Passenger stations KW - Passenger terminals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Ramps KW - Stairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/151442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318416 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAMP DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR LOW-FLOOR TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1980/04 SP - 134 p. AB - Reducing transit coach travel barriers to transportation handicapped individuals has been a key design goal of the Transbus development program. The report recommends accessibility design parameters for transportation handicapped individuals on ramp-equipped Transbus coaches. The research approach was to use physically handicapped volunteers to test a full-scale mock-up of a Transbus coach. The participants had various physical disabilities, although emphasis was placed on using wheelchair-bound individuals, as their configuration was believed to present a more difficult accessibility problem. Evaluation of the various parameters was accomplished by recording times to conduct the maneuvers, recording participants' and bystanders' reactions, and noting any problems encountered during the maneuvers. Dimensional requirements for coach interior and ramp maneuvering were evaluated as well as non-quantifiable requirements such as ramp surface materials, desirability or need for hand-rails, and safety conditions. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Floors KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Transbus KW - Transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323140 AU - Baehr, M E AU - Penny, R E AU - Froemel, E C AU - University of Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A VALIDATION AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTION PROCEDURES FOR MALE AND FEMALE BUS OPERATORS PY - 1980/04 SP - 139 p. AB - Two related but separate investigations were undertaken in the course of the present project. The first was a selection test validation study for female bus operators that utilized and built on the research findings and results of the original study entitled a "National Validation of a Selection Test Battery for Male Transit Operators." The second was a reanalysis of the results of this original study in order to investigate three specific procedures for the purpose of determining whether modifications could be made in the male operator test battery which would increase its validity or utility. The reanalysis of the results of the male bus operator battery validation addressed three specific issues, two of which had surfaced in the course of the implementation of the battery. They concern, respectively, the effect on training school performance of not including a cognitive test in the battery, and the effects of age on the applicants' test battery score. The third issue is a technical test construction one and concerns the possibility of increasing battery validity through use of a more vigorous response technique for one of the three instruments. The results of the reanalysis indicated that: (1) use of a more sophisticated response technique did not improve battery validity; (2) to have a significant effect on the selection of candidates, the cognitive test should not merely be included in the test battery but would have to be used as a separate "hurdle" in the selection progress. Under these circumstances its validity for training school results would have to be demonstrated; and, (3) age appeared to be a factor in performance since correction of test scores for age resulted in some loss of validity. On the basis of these results the male battery was left unchanged and the same tests used in both the male and female batteries. This replication of findings over a five-year time span with different employee samples attests to the basic stability and validity of the test battery for all bus operators. KW - Age KW - Bus drivers KW - Driver age KW - Driver performance KW - Drivers KW - Driving tests KW - Gender KW - Human factors KW - Performance tests KW - Personnel performance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157175 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318456 AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING PY - 1980/03 SP - 1907p-in 7 AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337886 AU - Salvucci, F AU - Carlson, C AU - DAY, B AU - Gletner, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY STRATEGIES. PART ONE. THE PLANNING PROCESS: ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES PY - 1980/03 SP - 50 p. AB - This three-part report represents an effort by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to provide technical assistance to State and local governments in preparing energy contingency plans to respond to future energy shortages. These strategies are particularly focused on transit, paratransit, and ridesharing (TPR) services. The report provides guidance to those involved in the planning and implementation of TPR initiatives. This study also provides insight and recommendations on how to approach contingency planning. This report, Part 1, describes the organizational process that will help State, regional, and local officials develop a basic component of energy contingency plans; namely, the preparation of various transportation options. The report seeks to provide perspective on the overall transportation contingency process. KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169248 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337887 AU - Salvucci, F AU - Carlson, C AU - DAY, B AU - Gletner, D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY STRATEGIES. PART TWO. SYNOPSIS OF ACTIONS PY - 1980/03 SP - 65 p. AB - This report, Part 2, describes specific actions appropriate for various entities with respect to varying conditions, including severity and duration of shortfalls, the lead time required for the planning and implementing of these actions, and the barriers to their timely adoption and implementation. KW - Constraints KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Supply KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318170 AU - Ray, C AU - Stuart, D AU - THOMSON, D AU - Rouse, V AU - Botts, J AU - Rouse (WV) Associates Limited AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PREDICTING AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEM STATION SECURITY REQUIREMENTS PY - 1980/03 SP - 148 p. AB - This study addresses the issues of personal security on Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) Systems, as they might be deployed in typical urban residential and non-residential settings. Based upon a literature review, it outlines basic characteristics of existing transit crime; compares station design concepts for AGT and conventional rail transit; reviews the key environmental characteristics of AGT stations which may influence crime potential; inventories both existing and proposed countermeasures for transit crime reduction; identifies additional neighborhood resources which might be mobilized as countermeasures; reviews available techniques for predicting transit crime; and reviews techniques available for both predicting transit crime and assessing countermeasure effectiveness and offers recommendations for analysis strategies to be employed in local AGT studies. Traditional as well as innovative analysis techniques are covered. This report recommends a general approach for AGT station security requirements analysis which can be used by localities in site-specific AGT planning and engineering studies. This report provides a list of references as well as an annotated bibliography. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bibliographies KW - Countermeasures KW - Crimes KW - Law enforcement KW - Passenger security KW - Prevention KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Security KW - Station design KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural design KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34276/DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-5.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00751788 AU - Simkowitz, H J AU - Research and Special Programs Administration AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - INNOVATIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN EUROPE AND THEIR TRANSFERABILITY TO THE UNITED STATES PY - 1980/03 SP - 268 p. AB - Many of the innovations in urban transportation currently being attempted in the United States first appeared in European cities. The purpose of this report is to summarize and assess several of these European transportation innovations and to relate them to changes occurring or contemplated in the United States. Five areas of innovations are treated specifically: central city traffic rerouting and restraint; integrated transit; HOV priority treatment; coordination of transportation and land use; and, residential neighborhood traffic restraint. In-depth case studies of five European cities chosen for their innovativeness and diversity in urban transportation and land use concepts are presented. The cities, Paris, Munich, Delft, Gothenburg and London, represent small, medium and large cities, each with unique ideas about providing mobility and a quality environment to their citizens. In 1979 the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development organized a seminar on urban transportation and the environment. The results of the seminar are summarized in several appendices. KW - Coordination KW - Europe KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Land use KW - Parking KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Priority treatment KW - Public transit KW - Road pricing KW - Routing KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/484715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314427 AU - Hsiung, S AU - Stearns, M D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PHASE I MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER IMPACT EVALUATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 154 p. AB - The Morgantown system belongs to a generic class of systems known as Automated Guideway Transit (AGT). The report presents a summary of the system and service characteristics impacts of the system. The major areas of discussion of this report include an overview of the system and the evaluation effort associated with it, a description of system performance and service characteristics, system ridership, system finances, system impacts, and an identification of experiences that are transferable to other applications of AGT. KW - Attitudes KW - Automated guideway transit KW - City planning KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33700/33780/33780.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381024 AU - Donnelly, R M AU - Ong, P M AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE DENVER RTD OFF-PEAK FREE FARE TRANSIT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 215 p. AB - This report presents findings of the evaluation of the Denver Colorado Regional Transit District's systemwide off-peak free fare transit demonstration. The demonstration began on February 1, 1978, and continued for 12 months, ending on January 31, 1979. The Denver RTD eliminated the 25 cent off-peak fare and retained a 50 cent peak hour fare for bus boardings for two hours during the morning rush hours and for two hours in the evening rush hours. This experiment in innovative transit pricing continued for one year as a Federally assisted demonstration project to determine the effects of free off-peak transit in a major urban area. This report summarizes the evaluation of the Denver experiment with respect to the implementation requirements of no fare off-peak bus service and its effects on: 1) travel behavior and transit's share of metropolitan tripmaking; 2) quality of bus service; 3) transit costs and revenues; and 4) indirect effects on the environment, energy consumption, and public support for transit. The extensive data collection activities conducted by RTD as part of the demonstration, including transit operations monitoring, surveys of transit users on-board and follow-up telephone, and general population surveys, are documented and their results analyzed. Principal findings of the evaluation are reported and their implications for transit pricing and service planning are discussed. The principal conclusion of this evaluation is that free fare transit may be a more effective short-term marketing instrument than a desirable permanent element of transportation policy for metropolitan areas. Reduced or low fare off-peak transit may achieve many of the same beneficial objectives of no fares, but complete removal of the fare barrier Appears to generate enough undesirable side effects to undermine its overall effectiveness. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Fares KW - Free fares KW - Mode choice KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Pricing KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377125 AU - Nevada Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATEWIDE ASSESSMENT OF ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION NEEDS IN NEVADA FOR SMALL URBAN AND RURAL AREAS PY - 1980/03 SP - n.p. AB - Transportation is vital to the well-being of the citizens residing in rural Nevada. Without adequate transportation all life supporting activities would cease including food, medical supplies, and all aspects of the economy would cease. This report primarily relates to the transportation disadvantaged segment of rural Nevada and includes Indian reservations. The purpose of this report is to offer recommendations to enhance transportation for this geographical area and segment of society. A major aspect of this study is the senior citizens transportation services both intracity and intercity. This report also delineates sources of funds to support transportation, general economic conditions of the study area, services available to area residents, and a description of the problems associated with the transportation disadvantaged. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Financing KW - Indian reservations KW - Native Americans KW - Nevada KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194006 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377032 AU - Dowley, J AU - Cambridge Arts Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ARTS ON THE LINE. A PILOT PROJECT IN ARTS AND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 87 p. AB - This report describes the process by which the Cambridge Art Council developed and implemented an Arts On The Line (ATOL) program for incorporating different artistic features at four new stations on the Red Line Northwest Extension of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority from Harvard Square to Alewife. A selection process was developed for commissioning of 20 artists by MBTA to work on the 4 new stations and also to alleviate some negative effects during construction by a program called Temporary Art. This report not only documents what was done for this project but offers suggestions for other agencies wishing to pursue similar public art programs. Each section (Background, Administration, Funding, Artist Selection Procedure, etc.) describes the ATOL experience and is followed by a section of commentary which focuses on the issues underlying the main topic and discusses other options and possibilities. The artworks will only be installed after the stations' scheduled completion in 1984. KW - Art KW - Artworks KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Station design KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190819 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331089 AU - Teal, R F AU - Fielding, G J AU - Giuliano, G AU - Marks, J V AU - Goodhue, R E AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED RIDE TAXI SERVICES AS COMMUNITY PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/03 SP - 238 p. AB - This report examines the use of taxi firms as the providers of publicly supported demand responsive transit. These subsidized shared ride taxi (SRT) systems have become the predominant form of general public DRT in California, with 29 such systems now in operation. Based on California's experiences with subsidized SRT, this study presents case reviews of SRT implementation and operation, analyzes the issues associated with the development of taxi-based transit services, and evaluates the performance of subsidized SRT. The major issues concern: (1) service provision, including the institutional reasons for contracting, competition for contracts, and contractual arrangements and their effects; and (2) the consequences for taxi firms of becoming public transit providers, including legal implications, operational changes, labor-management relations, the impact of subsidization, and future plans. SRT performance is evaluated in terms of cost-efficiency and effectiveness and also compared to that achieved by other forms of community level transit. KW - California KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Legal factors KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56558/sharedridetaxis1100inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163948 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318512 AU - Comparato, T F AU - von Rosenvinge, M E AU - Kendall, D C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY OF CAPITAL AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COST EXPERIENCE OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. COSTS AND TRENDS FOR THE PERIOD 1976-1979. SUPPLEMENT II PY - 1980/03 SP - 74 p. AB - This report summarizes O&M cost experience and trends for the following AGT systems for the period 1976-1979: AIRTRANS, Sea-Tac, Tampa, Disneyworld (WEDway), and Morgantown (O&M data on the Morgantown system is reported through 1978). Capital cost data is reviewed on Morgantown Phase I, AIRTRANS, Tampa, Sea-Tac, Miami, Busch Gardens, Disneyworld, King's Dominion, and Fairlane. New capital cost data has been obtained from the Atlanta and Orlando Airports and the Minnesota Zoological Gardens. In addition to presenting capital and operating and maintenance costs and trends, this report includes analysis of the factors influencing these costs. A section on the differences between urban and non-urban settings of AGT systems has also been included and shows how the costs of existing non-urban systems might relate to a system in an urban deployment in terms of site conditions and site requirements. KW - Airports KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capital KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Economic analysis KW - Estimates KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operating costs KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Structural design KW - Tampa (Florida) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318458 AU - Fry, C M AU - McHugh, T AU - Greeson, J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME II. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS. PART A. VLACS MODELS PY - 1980/03 SP - 470 p. AB - This report contains design and analysis results from UMTA's Vehicle Lateral Control and Switching (VLACS) Project of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objective of the VLACS project is to develop lateral control and switching systems which will reduce the cost and improve the performance of these systems on automated transit vehicles. The VLACS project tasks include a review of existing lateral control and switching technology, detailed mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, detailed hardware studies, experimentation with alternative designs, and development of guideline specifications for VLACS systems. In this report, lateral control system models are developed for wire-follower, wall-follower active, and wall-follower passive lateral control systems, including the vehicle, lateral position sensors, and actuators. Vehicle dynamic models are developed for vehicles having Ackermann steering geometry and for vehicles with wagon-wheel steering. AGT vehicle models developed include ten-degree-of-freedom models used for ride quality analysis and simpler three-degree-of-freedom models used for lateral control system design and analysis. Part A of this report contains a description of VLACS model development. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Experimental design KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318461 AU - Peckham, G AU - FRY, M AU - Mayer, F AU - Haines, G AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME IV. TEST PROGRAM PY - 1980/03 SP - 139 p. AB - In this report, major emphasis is given to the results of three alternative steering techniques using the VLACS test vehicle and simulations. Use of test data for mathematical model validation is discussed. The three types of steering systems for rubber-tired transit vehicles which have been investigated are: (1) mechanical sensing without power steering (herding); (2) mechanical sensing with power steering; and (3) electromagnetic (wire-follower) sensing. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Dynamics KW - Electrical equipment KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Power equipment KW - Power steering KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Validation KW - Vehicle dynamics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318463 AU - Fry, C M AU - McHugh, T AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME VI. SOFTWARE MANUAL PY - 1980/03 SP - 323 p. AB - In this report, a description of the software developed for the VLACS project for study of AGT vehicle lateral control and switching systems is discussed. A simulation employing a ten-degree-of-freedom vehicle model for ride quality analysis and a simulation employing a three-degree-of-freedom vehicle model for lateral control studies are described. Also included is a description of the VLACS switching system analysis program. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Computer programs KW - Degrees of freedom KW - FORTRAN (Computer program language) KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318457 AU - Haines, G AU - FRY, M AU - Mayer, F AU - Peckham, G AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME I. PROJECT SUMMARY PY - 1980/03 SP - 143 p. AB - This report is one volume of a six-volume final report of the Vehicle Lateral Control and Switching (VLACS) Project sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration of the Department of Transportation. Volume I, this report, summarizes the results and significant findings of the project. The project objectives are to investigate and improve the steering and switching capabilities of automated transit vehicles through analysis, simulation, and test of lateral control of switching systems and to develop guidelines for the development of these systems. Three types of steering systems are investigated: (1) wire-follower power-assisted steering; (2) wall-follower power-assisted steering; and (3) passive wall-follower steering. The significant findings and major conclusions from each project task are included in this report. Also summarized and included in this report are the contents of the final project reports which describe the hardware studies, the design and simulation activities, the test program, and the data base report. Recommendations for future related studies are presented. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Experimental design KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318460 AU - Evans, T M AU - Mayer, F AU - Haines, G AU - Oliver, W AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME III. DETAILED HARDWARE STUDIES PY - 1980/03 SP - 169 p. AB - Volume III, this report, contains a description of the hardware for the test vehicle and for nominal vehicle design for each of four vehicle classes (Shuttle Loop Transit, Group Rapid Transit Large, Group Rapid Transit Small, and Personal Rapid Transit) is described. The test vehicle which incorporates 2 or 4 wheel Ackerman steering and 2 or 4 wheel drive is configured to implement wire and wall-follower steering systems. Test data is used for mathematical model validation and for lateral control system evaluations. Nominal vehicle designs are described which are typical of lateral control system implementations used on AGT systems. Cost and weight estimates for the typical designs are presented. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dynamics KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Structural members KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle dynamics KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337151 AU - BAKER, H S AU - SCHUEFTAN, O AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Port Authority of Allegheny County TI - STUDY OF OPERATOR ABSENTEEISM AND WORKERS' COMPENSATION TRENDS IN THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY PY - 1980/03 SP - 164 p. AB - This report examines and documents the nature, extent, and trends of absenteeism. The study was undertaken to identify ways of reducing the adverse impact of absenteeism on service quality and costs. A thorough review of the methods currently used in transit industry has been performed, and analysis has enabled the study team to make recommendations to assist transit managers. This study concludes that absenteeism in transit is a severe and rapidly worsening problem. Effects of workers' compensation statutes on transit costs and quality of service are shown to be significant and increasing. The authors suggest reconsideration of these laws, particularly their administration. KW - Absenteeism KW - Attitudes KW - Costs KW - Drivers KW - Human factors KW - Injuries KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Legal factors KW - Morale KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Personnel management KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Surveys KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation KW - Workers compensation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169038 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326266 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Bloch, A AU - Ihlo, W AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/03 SP - 12 p. AB - This report addresses the total energy advantage of public transportation, considering both auto and transit energy consumption as well as residential energy consumption and residential mix. The relative modal efficiencies, spatial structure, and residential energy consumption are considered in some detail. The focus is on petroleum-based energy. Regional variations are noted. KW - Automobiles KW - Competition KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Fuel consumption KW - Passenger transportation KW - Petroleum KW - Public transit KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326267 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Bloch, A AU - Ihlo, W AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1980/03 SP - 84 p. AB - This report addresses the total energy advantage of public transportation, considering both auto and transit energy consumption as well as residential energy consumption and residential mix. The relative modal efficiencies, spatial structure, and residential energy consumption are considered in some detail. The focus is on petroleum-based energy. Regional variations are noted. KW - Automobiles KW - Competition KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy intensiveness KW - Fuel consumption KW - Passenger transportation KW - Petroleum KW - Public transit KW - Transportation modes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326269 AU - Teal, R F AU - Fielding, G J AU - Giuliano, G AU - Marks, J V AU - Goodhue, R E AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED RIDE TAXI SERVICES AS COMMUNITY PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/03 SP - 242 p. AB - This report examines the use of taxi firms as the providers of publicly supported demand responsive transit (DRT). The use of taxi firms as DRT providers raises a number of important institutional and performance issues. Accordingly, the primary purposes of this study are: (1) to analyze the issues associated with taxi firm provision of publicly sponsored community transit services, including the institutional reasons for contracting, competition for contracts, and contractual arrangements and their effects; and (2) to evaluate the performance of taxi-based community transit systems and the consequences for taxi firms becoming public transit providers, including legal implications, operational changes, labor-management relations, impact of subsidization, and effects of contracting on the firm's financial situation and future plans. Shared ride taxi (SRT) performance is evaluated in terms of cost-efficiency and effectiveness, and is also compared to that achieved by other forms of community level transit. KW - Contract administration KW - Contracted services KW - Contracting out KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Government policies KW - Grant aid KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Performance KW - Policy KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314003 AU - Morris, R E AU - Black, G AU - Scheirer, W AU - Decision Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INVESTIGATION OF RAIL RAPID TRANSIT CARBODY MATERIALS PY - 1980/03 SP - 143 p. AB - The behavior of the three carbody materials commonly used in the United States, which are aluminum, low alloy high tensile steel, and stainless steel, is examined in this report and compared throughout the range of rapid transit and inter-city passenger rail service applications and operating environments in North America and Europe. Life cycle cost implications of each material in specific applications and environments were derived from a statistical analysis of the conditions of a representative, structured sample of 520 rapid railcars, which were selected for detailed, careful examination of the 21 critical points which together permit characterization of structural material behavior. The cars comprise a representative sample of carbody materials, construction techniques, operating environments, and years-in-service. A computer-input form was completed for each of the cars, making possible an intensive statistical analysis of the observed conditions and the collective experience of operators and carbuilders. KW - Alloy steel KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Aluminum alloys KW - Car body KW - Costs KW - Durability KW - Life cycle costing KW - Low alloy steel KW - Maintenance KW - Motor vehicle bodies KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Protective coatings KW - Railroad cars KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Skin structural member KW - Stainless steel KW - Statistical analysis KW - Structural analysis KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325353 AU - Teal, R F AU - Fielding, G J AU - Giuliano, G AU - Marks, J V AU - Goodhue, R E AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED RIDE TAXI SERVICES AS COMMUNITY PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1980/03 SP - 15 p. AB - This report examines the use of taxi firms as the providers of publicly supported demand responsive transit (DRT). The use of taxi firms as DRT providers raises a number of important institutional and performance issues. Accordingly, the primary purposes of this study are to: (1) analyze the issues associated with taxi firm provision of publicly sponsored community transit service, including the institutional reasons for contracting, competition for contracts, and contractual arrangements and their effects; and (2) evaluate the performance of taxi-based community transit systems and the consequences for taxi firms becoming public transit providers, including legal implications, operational changes, labor-management relations, impact of subsidization, and effects of contracting on the firms's financial situation and future plans. Shared ride taxi (SRT) performance is evaluated in terms of cost-efficiency and effectiveness, and is also compared to that achieved by other forms of community level transit. These subsidized SRT systems have become the predominant form of general public DRT in California, with 29 such systems now in operation. Based on California's experiences with subsidized SRT, this study presents case reviews of SRT implementation and operation, analyzes the issues associated with the development of taxi-based transit services, and evaluates the performance of subsidized SRT. (UMTA) KW - Contract administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Effectiveness KW - Legal factors KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00323143 AU - Mcshane, W R AU - Bloch, A AU - Ihlo, W AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ENERGY ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/03 SP - 12 p. AB - This report addresses the total energy advantage of public transportation, considering both auto and transit energy consumption as well as residential energy consumption and residential mix. The relative modal efficiencies, spatial structure, and residential energy consumption are considered in some detail. In this report, the focus is on petroleum-based energy. Regional variations are noted. The authors conclude that an effort to achieve configurations with shorter trip distances and less auto congestion and greater transit use is vital. Transit has clear modal advantages, and this is a clear energy advantage. But, the authors maintain, the prime energy advantage is that it can exist and meet mobility needs in acute situations which are probable, as experience shows. Major increases in transit supply may not be enough to allow for such probable demand, even in the best configurations. This report contains charts depicting residential energy consumption as well as modal energy for several relevant scenarios. The report also provides a list of references. KW - Automobiles KW - Demand KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mobility KW - Public transit KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Traffic congestion UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/157178 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00319418 AU - Hayes, SJE AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT ELEMENT PY - 1980/03 SP - 75 p. AB - Transportation Systems Management (TSM) denotes a process designed to increase the efficiency of existing transportation facilities and resources by implementing low-capital measures which reduce the need for major capital improvements. In addition to fiscal economy, the TSM process insures that meaningful steps can be taken toward attaining broader local and national goals--energy conservation, environmental improvements, equity for transit dependents and urban preservation. In this fifth update of the TSM Element, greater emphasis is placed on: (1) developing a method for prioritizing projects; (2) developing monitoring and evaluation techniques to ascertain the effectiveness of implemented projects; (3) establishing a transportation technical committee to more completely involve local and state agencies in the total TSM program. (Author) KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Evaluation KW - Monitoring KW - Natural resources KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322276 AU - KIDDER, A E AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE FINANCING OF MULTIJURISDICTIONAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1980/03 SP - 73 p. AB - This study summarizes the means of providing non-federal support for public transportation in eight cities where more than one political jurisdiction is in the service area of the public transportation system. The cities studied are: Albany, New York; Gary, Indiana (and the Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District); Miami, Florida; Norfolk, Virginia; Sacramento, California; Seattle, Washington; St. Louis, Missouri; and Washington, D.C. The report shows the extent to which funding sources are earmarked, the basis for cost-allocation formulas, the sources of public subsidies, the trends in operating deficits, and the problems inherent in welding several independent political jurisdictions into one financing arrangement. Solutions varied from consolidating taxing authority into one unit of government (as the case of Dade County) to setting a price and allowing jurisdictions to buy the level of service each wants, (as in the case of Norfolk where costs of service to each jurisdiction are determined after netting out revenues). Other solutions included earmarking of already collected state taxes taxes, of basing relative contributions on relative assessments, and pure legislative fiat in allocation of local shares. Deficits appeared to grow faster in systems with earmarked revenue sources, and all systems tended to look to higher levels of government for support. (UMTA) KW - Cost allocation KW - Deficits KW - Financing KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00316477 AU - Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE--SERVICE STANDARDS PY - 1980/03 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents a program developed by the Transit Authority of Northern Kentucky for the collection and analysis of operating data. A series of performance standards for existing and proposed new route service has been identified. Standards have also been developed for other aspects of TANK's operations. Data collection procedures have been delineated for the purpose of providing the raw statistics to be evaluated. The complete collection and analysis program is designed to help TANK meet its primary goal of "providing the best public transportation service possible within the limits of its financial resources." This program will be reviewed on a periodic basis as part of TANK's Management by Objectives Program. The dynamic environment in which transit systems operate today demand that inappropriate or outmoded performance measures cannot be tolerated. (Author) KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Standards KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318459 AU - Fry, C M AU - McHugh, T AU - Greeson, J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME II. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS. PART B. VLACS EVALUATIONS PY - 1980/03 SP - 528 p. AB - This report contains design and analysis results from UMTA's Vehicle Lateral Control and Switching (VLACS) Project of the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objective of the VLACS project is to develop lateral control and switching systems which will reduce the cost and improve the performance of these systems on automated transit vehicles. The VLACS project tasks include a review of existing lateral control and switching technology, detailed mathematical modeling, analysis, simulation, detailed hardware studies, experimentation with alternative designs, and development of guideline specifications for VLACS systems. In this report, lateral control system models are developed for wire-follower, wall-follower active, and wall-follower passive lateral control systems, including the vehicle, lateral position sensors, and actuators. Vehicle dynamic models are developed for vehicles having Ackermann steering geometry and for vehicles with wagon-wheel steering. AGT vehicle models developed include ten-degree-of-freedom models used for ride quality analysis and simpler three-degree-of-freedom models used for lateral control system design and analysis. Part B of this report contains systems evaluations. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Experimental design KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Simulation KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318176 AU - Jacobs, H H AU - Dunlap and Associates Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE RETENTION OF SEATED PASSENGERS DURING EMERGENCY STOPS PY - 1980/03 SP - 75 p. AB - In order to examine specific Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) developments and concepts, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration has undertaken a new program of studies and technology investigations known as the Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objective of one segment of this program, the Systems Safety and Passenger Security (SS&PS) study, is the development of guidelines for the assurance of actual and perceived passenger safety and security in AGT systems. The prime objective of this deceleration and jerk research study was to provide AGT system planners, designers, and operators with guideline information on the acceleration levels at which seated AGT passengers might be expected to be thrown from their seats during emergency stops. A series of seven experiments was conducted to examine the variables that could contribute to a safe emergency stop on an AGT system. Sixty subjects, conforming to a desired range, experienced emergency decelerations in a test vehicle controlled by an automated braking system. The independent variables examined were seat contour and covering, seat orientation and tilt, footrests and armrests, and rate of change of deceleration (jerk). The dependent variables were the deceleration level at which subjects moved from sensors that were imbedded in the experimental seat and subject ratings. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Braking KW - Comfort KW - Deceleration KW - Emergency brakes KW - Jerk KW - Jerk control KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Passengers KW - Safety KW - Seats KW - Tests KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33340/33340.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00753371 AU - Rothenberg, M J AU - JHK & Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. AN ELEMENT OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1980/02 SP - 200 p. AB - This report, initially designed as a training course, is made available to those just getting involved in public transportation as well as to those who are familiar with only certain aspects of the field. This report provides a comprehensive introduction into the history, financing, planning and operations for public transportation facilities and services. A large number of topics are covered in this report which are geared to broadening the perspective of public transportation and its role during times of high energy prices, short supplies and national concerns on air pollution, redevelopment of the city centers and urban mobility for all segments of society. KW - Aged KW - Demand KW - Economic forecasting KW - Economics KW - Facilities KW - Legislation KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Regulations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/634898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326270 AU - LEE, R A AU - Alberts, FSA AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS: CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF AGT (AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT) SYSTEMS PY - 1980/02 SP - 165 p. AB - The report describes the development of an AGT classification structure. Five classes are defined based on three system characteristics: service type, minimum travelling unit capacity, and maximum operating velocity. The five classes defined are: Personal Rapid Transit (PRT); Small Vehicle Group Rapid Transit (SGRT); Intermediate Vehicle GRT (IGRT); Large Vehicle GRT (LGRT); and Automated Rail Transit (ART). All classes except LGRT and ART are further stratified on the basis of speed, resulting in a total of eight subclasses. Forty-four existing and proposed AGT systems are summarized and used to define ten representative systems in terms of nominal values and ranges of selected characteristics. A summary of the system information compiled and used to complete this task is presented in Appendix A of this report. This report also provides a bibliography, list of text references, and a glossary of terms. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Capacity KW - Characteristics KW - Classification KW - Classifying KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Estimates KW - Line capacity KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Speed limits KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Vehicle design KW - Velocity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334353 AU - Mid-America Regional Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR THE KANSAS CITY METROPOLITAN REGION PY - 1980/02 SP - 92 p. AB - The purpose of the Plan is to study and recommend strategies which provide persons residing in the KCMR with energy efficient alternatives for traveling to work during a transportation fuel crisis, and focuses on strategies which protect passenger transportation and the work trip and reduce the demand for transportation fuel. It does not address measures which would increase the fuel supply or gasoline allocation and rationing, which are the responsibilities of State and Federal governments. Over fifty transportation control measures were studied. Ten transportation control strategies were selected by the Plan based on their institutional transportation and environmental impacts. These strategies include: Park and Ride Improvements for Public Transit; Vanpooling for Major Employers; Promotion of a Four-Day Work Week Left Turn Removal at Appropriate Intersections; Switching Traffic Control Devices to Flashing Mode in off-Peak Periods; Transit Fleet Stockpiling; Regional Carpooling Programs; Peak Period Transit Improvements; Transit Feeder Service; and Variable Work Scheduling. Several of these strategies have already been carried out by MARC and other agencies in the region in response to the 1979 energy crisis. The implementation of this Transportation Energy Contingency Plan includes a monitoring system which is already being utilized to gauge supply and demand for gasoline in the region to better determine when the ten strategies should be used. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Carpools KW - Contingency KW - Contingency planning KW - Demand KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Feeder services KW - Gasoline KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Staggered work hours KW - Strategy KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314006 AU - Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT AESTHETICS: A HANDBOOK FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT (AGT) SYSTEMS PY - 1980/02 SP - 114 p. AB - The Handbook presents (1) a broad range of aesthetic problems and opportunities which the designer or local official is likely to encounter in planning for an AGT system and identifies planning and design responses to these problems and opportunities; (2) describes planning and design tools and resources available to the users of this book; (3) contains descriptions of the various techniques that can be used to analyze the aesthetic effects of AGT systems; (4) describes techniques for organizing and presenting these data to community residents, business people, and local officials; and (5) references other reports that may assist the user in identifying and responding to aesthetic concerns. KW - Aesthetics KW - Architecture KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bibliographies KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Environmental engineering KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Handbooks KW - Public opinion KW - Railroad bridges KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sociometrics KW - Structural design KW - Technology assessment KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326303 AU - Teixeira, D AU - Varker, F AU - Bowlin, R AU - Applied Resource Integration Limited AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESSIBLE BUS SERVICE IN ST. LOUIS PY - 1980/02 SP - 349 p. AB - The Bi-State Development Agency (BSDA), the transit operator for metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri, became the first public transit system in the country to operate buses equipped with hydraulic lifts for boarding persons in wheelchairs in August of 1977. This was the first large scale accessible bus project in transit history. One-hundred fifty-seven lift equipped buses were put into revenue service over a three and one-half month period. Seventeen routes were selected for accessible bus service (Phase I and II). This evaluation is primarily concerned with the 12 1/2 months of Phases I and II (August 1977-August 1978). The evaluation covers the development planning, the implementation process, operations, service and equipment reliability, travel behavior, productivity, economics, and service impacts. This report discusses the results of the St. Louis accessible service and the implications for other operators. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Hydraulic equipment KW - Level of service KW - Lifts KW - Missouri KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326294 AU - LEE, R A AU - Thompson, J F AU - Oglesby, R N AU - Bonderson, L S AU - General Motors Technical Center AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS OPERATION STUDIES FOR AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1980/02 SP - 132 p. AB - In order to examine specific Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) developments and concepts and to build a better knowledge base for future decision-making, UMTA has undertaken a new program of studies and technology investigations called the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Automated Guideway Transit Technology (AGTT) Program. The objectives of one segment of the AGTT program, the Systems Operation Studies (SOS), are: (1) to develop models for the analysis of system operations; (2) to evaluate AGT system performance and cost; and (3) to establish guidelines for the design and operation of AGT systems. The results of the SOS project are summarized in this final report. The characteristics of 43 existing or proposed AGT systems were inventoried, and the information was used to develop a system classification structure. Classes of metropolitan and activity center demand applications were defined and demand matrices based on survey data from representative locales were generated. A restricted number of combinations of system classes, demand types, and network types were developed as representative deployment scenarios for analysts. An extensive list of possible performance measures was developed and then condensed to an initial set of 14 system level measures. A comprehensive set of computer software has been developed and tested. The various computer programs permit the simulation of entire AGT systems as well as major subsystems, including stations, links, merges, and intersections. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Classification KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Mathematical models KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Quality of work KW - Simulation KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems engineering KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314060 AU - Albach, W C AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport Board TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1980/02 SP - 32 p. AB - The AIRTRANS system at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, Texas, is representative of automated guideway transit (AGT) as it will likely develop in cities in the United States and around the world. AIRTRANS is composed of 13 single-lane miles of concrete guideway connecting 53 stations in 6 major terminal and parking areas of the airport. There is a fleet of 68 fully automatic electrically propelled vehicles, 59 of which currently operate over this guideway network. As of December 1979, the system had completed more than 19 million vehicle miles and carried 29 million passengers. The system is operating with a high percentage of availability and degree of passenger acceptance. This report summarizes the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program (AUTP) performed under a federal grant from UMTA to the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Board. Improvements to the AIRTRANS AGT technology in speed, passenger acceptance, cost, reliability, and all-weather capability for urban applications have been made and evaluated during the program. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - People movers KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150816 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330631 AU - Deibel, L E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION: TICKETING PROCEDURES IN SELF-SERVICE SYSTEMS PY - 1980/02 SP - 35 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fare collection KW - Rapid transit KW - Ticketing KW - Ticketing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313228 AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR URBAN RAIL VEHICLES, HELD AT WASHINGTON, DC. ON FEBRUARY 5-6, 1980 PY - 1980/02 SP - 241 p. AB - This conference proceedings report reflects the view that (on the basis of current R&D activities in the area of propulsion system designs) advances in control systems, motor design, thermal control techniques, diagnostics and energy efficient systems are realizable. The conference was structured to serve as a forum for the exchange of information among the various international organizations shaping the future of the industry. This conference report contains the papers prepared by experts around the world--Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. The papers were jointly authored by propulsion equipment manufacturers and transit authority personnel to present both designer and user viewpoints toward the propulsion technology. This approach has emphasized the experience of propulsion equipment in the transit environment and presented its effects on transit system performance. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Development KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric railroads KW - Electrical equipment KW - Induction motors KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Meetings KW - Motors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Technological forecasting KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150537 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314371 AU - Nawrocki, R AU - Zumwalt, B A AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH PROGRAM FINDINGS, 1976-1979 PY - 1980/02 SP - 102 p. AB - This report summarizes initial findings from the ongoing AGT Socio-Economic Research Program of the UMTA. The program addresses the operational performance, social, economic, environmental, and institutional issues associated with AGT technology to determine where and under what conditions AGT will prove to be a feasible urban public transportation mode. The report includes: (1) a review of empirically-based assessment data on the performance, costs, and public acceptability of operational AGT systems; (2) an analysis of urban AGT feasibility concentrating on AGT ridership potential and associated costs relative to other public transportation modes; (3) an investigation of potential socio-economic and environmental impacts of urban AGT deployment; and (4) an analysis of the nature and magnitude of the potential national market for AGT technology. KW - Analysis KW - Attitudes KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Competition KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Environmental impacts KW - Maintenance KW - Market research KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passengers KW - Personnel KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Technological forecasting KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314362 AU - Webb, P AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RECREATIONAL TRANSIT SERVICE TO THE CALIFORNIA SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS PY - 1980/01 SP - 148 p. AB - This is a report on first year operations of a weekend subscription transit service to a recreational area outside a major metropolitan area. In this demonstration, the feasibility was tested of providing a seasonal recreational transit service from inner city areas of Los Angeles to Malibu Creek State Park and Tapia County Park located in the Santa Monica Mountains 35 miles west of downtown Los Angeles. The demonstration service offered access to outdoor recreational opportunities for a large portion of the region's population who are heavily dependent on public transportation. The project was intended to measure the demand for such a service and to demonstrate its economic and operational feasibility. KW - California KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Demand KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Parks KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Recreational facilities KW - Santa Monica Mountains KW - Subscription bus service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337971 AU - Booz Allen Hamilton AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY PY - 1980/01 SP - 1386p-in 5 AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172273 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471417 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Memphis Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR FINANCING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN THE MEMPHIS AREA. SUPPLEMENT UPDATE PY - 1980/01 SP - 32 p. AB - This report is the supplement to an earlier final report titled, A Study of Alternative Methods for Financing Public Transportation in the Memphis Area, January 1979. It updates selected financial projections documented in the final report. The updated financial projections are the Memphis Area Transit Authority's (MATA) operating costs, operating revenues, and potential public funding support from a gasoline sales tax. This supplement is divided into 3 sections. Section 1 introduces and discusses the scope and process of the supplemental analysis. Section 2 reports the updated financial projections for MATA's operating costs, operating revenues, and projected gasoline sales tax revenues; it also discusses the differences between the earlier report's projections and these updates. Section 3 provides summary conclusions regarding the gasoline sales tax rate required to cover MATA's projected unfunded deficit. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Financing KW - Gasoline KW - Operating costs KW - Operating revenues KW - Public transit KW - Taxation KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314369 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Synergy Consulting Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANNING FOR THE PHASE-IN OF FIXED-ROUTE ACCESSIBLE BUSES. INTERIM REPORT NO. 1: REVIEW OF ACCESSIBLE TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1980/01 SP - 287 p. AB - This document presents a review of the current status of the various planning activities undertaken by the transit systems which are currently operating accessible buses to accommodate the handicapped and elderly persons in fixed-route services. The review of planning activities included detailed investigation of six case study systems, telephone interviews with other accessible transit system operators, and a review of the existing literature on the subject of accessible fixed-route transit. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Fixed routes KW - Level of service KW - Lifts KW - Mobility KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Special service KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Wheelchairs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56498/phaseinofaccess0909booz_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371581 AU - Johnston, A R AU - Nelson, Mark AU - Cassell, P AU - Herridge, J T AU - Jet Propulsion Laboratory AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AMTV HEADWAY SENSOR AND SAFETY DESIGN PY - 1980/01 SP - 72 p. AB - In this report, progress on two related aspects of the development of an Automated Mixed Traffic Vehicle (AMTV) is described. The two tasks involve improvements to the headway sensing system, and development of AMTV body design concepts that will minimize the change of injury to pedestrians or occupants in the unlikely event of a collision. The problem of sensing in turns is explored experimentally and requirements for future turn sensors are discussed. A recommended headway sensor configuration employing multiple source elements in the focal plane of one lens, operating together with a similar detector unit is described. Sensor technology is also explored more generally. Alternative concepts including laser radar, ultrasonic sensing, imaging techniques and radar, are compared to the present proximity sensor approach. This report contains guidelines for front-end body designs. Body design concepts are suggested, and sketches presented. This report also contains numerous charts illustrating AMTV sensor design, turn and U-turn sensor design, ultrasonic sensor design, as well as a list of references. KW - Automated mixed traffic transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Body KW - Design KW - Headways KW - Imaging radars KW - Optical systems KW - Radar KW - Sensors KW - Ultrasonics KW - Vehicle mix KW - Video imaging detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00335490 AU - Chicago Area Transportation Study AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERSONAL TRAVEL ENERGY CONSUMPTION: ACCOUNTING METHODS AND CASE STUDY FOR THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1980/01 SP - 81 p. AB - This study of urban personal travel in the Chicago area attempted to (a) establish an accounting framework that could keep track of energy consumption for urban passenger transportation, (b) develop tools for calculating energy consumption, and (c) run through prototype applications of the methodology developed in the project. This report documents the methodology and presents a case study of peak period person travel consumption. The methodology is a logical and marginal extension of the current state-of-the-art urban transportation models. The case study of peak period person travel in the Chicago metropolitan area provides data on energy usage and formats for displaying this data. Energy accounting procedures are reviewed and the advantages of energy origin-destination tables are discussed. KW - Accounting KW - Case studies KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Fuel consumption KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Models KW - Origin and destination KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330142 AU - Wright, V AU - Forman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS DRIVER TRAINING SIMULATOR ASSESSMENT SN - DOT-TSC-UMTA-80-20 PY - 1980/01 SP - 40 p. AB - Simulation has become an increasingly important tool in driving research, highway research, and vehicle design. This report documents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of developing a driving simulator as a means of teaching safe driving and other operating techniques in the training of bus operators. During this investigation, an Advisory Committee, consisting of representatives from small, medium, and large transit properties and from the American Transit Union, provided data on training programs, training costs, and training needs. The AFL-CIO Appalachian Council Research Department furnished the results of their survey on transit training needs and shared their experiences in developing and implementing a standards bus operator training program. Also, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority made their training data available and arranged a tour of their training facilities. Features required a driving simulator to meet training needs were identified, and the cost of implementing and operating such a simulator were assessed. This report describes the various types of simulators, the benefits of simulation, and the potential benefits of a driving simulator for transit training. This report also presents an evaluation of existing applicable driving simulators, the tradeoffs of developing costs and operational costs versus the effectiveness of the desired features, and current training programs. This study concludes that due to the high costs of simulators with the required features, it appears that no cost benefit would accrue with the use of such a simulator. Therefore, no training time savings and safety benefits could be documented to justify the use of a driving simulator for bus operator training. (UMTA) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus drivers KW - Driver training KW - Driving simulators KW - Requirement KW - Specifications KW - Traffic safety education UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337974 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY. VOLUME 3: BUS OPERATIONS PY - 1980/01 SP - 285 p. AB - Volume III contains the analysis of the operations and financial performance indicators for New York City Transit Authority's Surface Division--TA Surface and Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA). This Surface Division operates the largest bus fleet in the U.S. (over 4,200 buses). This volume consists of the following sections: (1) analysis of performance indicators for TA Surface Division; (2) comparative analysis of depot performance; (3) cost center analysis of TA Surface Division; and (4) three appendices dealing with operating statistics, methodology and model description, and actual and expected performance indicator statistics. KW - Administration KW - Analysis KW - Budgeting KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Capital KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Depots KW - Estimates KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169294 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337976 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY. VOLUME V: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT PY - 1980/01 SP - 245 p. AB - Volume V contains a summary of the organization and management activities of the MTA, New York City Transit Authority, and the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). It includes the major conclusions and recommendations dealing with the management structure and organization of LIRR and TA and a detailed analysis of current practices, deficiencies, and needs in the area of management training and development. Case studies of specific management systems and techniques in the TA and LIRR are also presented. KW - Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Bus lines KW - Capital KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Long Island (New York) KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Management training KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Personnel development KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Supervision KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337972 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY. VOLUME 1: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1980/01 SP - 44 p. AB - The objective of the 5-volume management study was to identify those areas of the MTA's (The Metropolitan Transportation Authority) structure, finance, responsiveness to the public management and operations in need of strengthening, and to propose methodologies and alternative strategies to affect them. The overall goal is the improvement in the quality and performance of transit service and the improved use of available financial resources. Thirteen individual tasks were addressed that investigated the capital planning, bus operations, rail operations, and the organization and management structure of MTA. Volume I, presents the major conclusions and recommendations of the consultant portion of Phase III of the study. The study concentrates on specific aspects of the planning, operations and management of the MTA and its subsidiaries. KW - Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Bus lines KW - Buses KW - Capital KW - City planning KW - Commuter service KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Counties KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Services KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169292 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337973 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY. VOLUME 2: PLANNING PY - 1980/01 SP - 412 p. AB - In this volume, the planning tasks investigated aspects of capital, operating, and financial planning of the (Metropolitan Transportation Authority) MTA and its subsidiaries. The major areas of concentration were: (1) capital planning process at the New York City Transit Authority (TA) and the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR); (2) service planning and coordination in all MTA transit units; and (3) financial planning, mainly at MTA headquarters. This volume contains specific recommendations for improving aspects of capital and operating planning activities of the MTA and its subsidiaries. KW - Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Capital KW - Commuter service KW - Coordination KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Long Island (New York) KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169293 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331226 AU - Cook, A R AU - Barb, C E AU - Oklahoma State University, Stillwater AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT CURRICULUM GUIDE PY - 1980/01 SP - n.p. AB - This report is one element of a set of curriculum materials to support university classroom and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. These materials were developed under a University and Training grant entitled "Paratransit Service Planning Workshops". The curriculum materials include: "Paratransit Resource Guide" (PB80-103237, A06); "Selected Readings in Paratransit" (available from the Department of Transportation Library and the Northwestern University Transportation Library); "Paratransit Case Studies: Overview" (PB80-226988, A05); "The Seattle/King County Commuter Pool Program--Paratransit and Rush Hour Congestion" (PB80-103245, A04); "Knoxville, Tennessee Commuter Pool--Matching Markets to Modes with Partransit Brokering" (PB80-103286, A04); "Colonial Taxi Company of Bethel Park, Pennsylvania--Private Enterprise in Paratransit" (PB80-103252, A04); "The Dial-A-Bat Paratransit Service of Brockton, Massachusetts, Area Transit--Public Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation" (PB80-103278, A04); and "The Paratransit Services of the Choanoke Area (North Carolina) Development Association--Rural Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation" (PB80-103260, A03). This Guide supports these materials and provides guidelines for the use of instructors and students engaged in self-study. The Guide also provides suggestions on the use of these materials in university and short course instruction, with emphasis on encouraging students to get involved in local paratransit development. The Guide first introduces the curriculum materials, reviews their development, and then provides and extensive set of suggested student exercises and curriculum options. The emphasis is on "experimental" learning, which includes getting the students involved in local paratransit research and development. The Guide concludes with a commentary on changing perspectives in transportation education. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Curricula KW - Guidelines KW - Paratransit services KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/165528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337975 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK MTA MANAGEMENT STUDY. VOLUME IV: RAIL OPERATIONS PY - 1980/01 SP - 400 p. AB - Volume IV is a summary of the dual operations of the (The Metropolitan Transportation Authority) MTA. It includes the major conclusions and recommendations of the tasks dealing with both rapid rail transit and commuter rail operations. The summary covers a detailed analysis of rapid rail transit personnel productivity and car maintenance activities, as well as an analysis of commuter rail personnel productivity and commuter railcar maintenance for the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). KW - Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Capital KW - Commuter service KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management systems KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York (State) KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Passenger car maintenance KW - Passenger cars KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Railroad cars KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Rolling stock KW - Systems analysis KW - Systems management KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314025 AU - McKnight, C AU - Johnson, C AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MOVING PEOPLE: THE CASE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1980/01 SP - 60 p. AB - The report is a Handbook on public transportation for the general public. The issues that it covers include: transportation planning; transportation costs and financing; user benefits of public transportation; social benefits of public transportation; public perceptions of public transportation; and marketing of public transportation. The purpose of this Handbook is to explain how public transportation is planned, how the individual citizen can make his views heard, why subsidies are necessary, and finally, what is being done to improve public transportation. These issues are explored in a question and answer format and several case studies are included to illustrate complex issues and explore topics in greater detail. KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Handbooks KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Public opinion KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322284 AU - McKnight, C AU - Johnson, C AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MOVING PEOPLE--THE CASE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1980/01 SP - 60 p. AB - After several decades of neglect, the United States is showing a renewed interest in public transportation. In 1964, congress passed the Urban Mass Transportation Act, which sets out national public transportation policy and provides a means for the Federal government to assist local communities in planning and financing public transportation. While support for public transportation is growing, many people question the large subsidies from Federal and local taxes that have been necessary to maintain and expand transportation systems. This report is a Handbook on public transportation for the general public. The issues that it covers include: transportation planning; transportation costs and financing; user benefits of public transportation; social benefits of public transportation; public perceptions of public transportation; and marketing of public transportation. The purpose of this Handbook is to explain how public transportation is planned, how the individual citizen can make his views heard, why subsidies are necessary, and finally, what is being done to improve public transportation. These issues are explored in a question and answer format and several case studies are included to illustrate complex issues and explore topics in greater detail. (UMTA) KW - Costs KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Marketing KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Social values KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation planning KW - User benefits UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156681 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314361 AU - Watt, C W AU - ELLIOTT, D AU - Dunoye, D AU - Dooley, T AU - Kwok, W S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF OPERATIONAL AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY SYSTEMS-AIRTRANS. PHASE II PY - 1980/01 SP - 338 p. AB - This study, Phase II, completes the assessment of AIRTRANS, the automated guideway system located at the Dallas-Fort Worth Airport. The Phase I assessment report: "Assessment of Operational Automated Guideway Systems--AIRTRANS (Phase I)" (PB-261 339), covered concepts, history, technical evaluation, and performance through September, 1976. The work for Phase II was performed between June 1977 and June 1979, and has four main areas of coverage: (1) changes in system configuration including the addition of employee service and the modifications of the failure management and control systems; (2) the availability, reliability, and maintainability history of the system and its components; (3) the operational safety history of the system; and (4) a life cycle cost study of the system. Availability was not defined in the original AIRTRANS specification, and several definitions have been used. KW - Airports KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Availability KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Failure KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Supply KW - Texas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01538175 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District TI - Final Alternatives Analysis/Environmental Impact Statement/Report on Transit System Improvements in the Los Angeles Regional Core PY - 1980 SP - 490p AB - In September, 1976 representatives of the City of Los Angeles, CalTrans, Southern California Association of Governments, the County of Los Angeles and the Southern California Rapid Transit District decided that the District should submit an application to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) for financing to proceed with a four-point Regional Transportation Development Program to address the increasing transportation problems in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Element IV of the program, which involves evaluation of alternative transit solutions for the Regional Core Area, is the subject of this report. Eleven alternatives have been evaluated. Five of these, called "Rail Rapid Transit/Bus" alternatives are made up of a line-haul rail rapid transit facility supplemented by a network of feeder buses. Five others called "All-bus" alternatives, are made up of line haul and feeder buses operating under conditions ranging from an exclusive, grade-separated aerial busway to the reservation of existing surface lanes for express buses to simply incremental improvements to the service level of the present bus system operating in mixed traffic on public streets and freeways. The eleventh or "Null" or "No Build" alternative represents no improvement to the present transit system, and is used herein as a base for comparative evaluations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus rapid transit KW - Environmental impact analysis KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/51000/51900/51995/finalalternative00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1323643 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01514606 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Travers, Warren AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - Neglected High-Achievement TSM Actions PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 40-42 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Research KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1299566 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01514605 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Burke, Alinda C AU - Koski, David R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - Roles of Organizations, Public and Private Enterprise, and the Professional Disciplines in TSM Planning, Programming, and Implementation PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 31-33 AB - No abstract U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1299565 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512926 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Detroit downtown people mover : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Michigan UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297250 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01512925 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Metropolitan Atlanta rapid transit system, North Line (Lindbergh-Piedmont segment), Lindbergh Drive-Piedmont Road consolidation : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Georgia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1297249 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511090 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Miami downtown people mover : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Florida UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01511089 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - New York Broadway Plaza, Proposed pedestrian transit mall, Times Square : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1295413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01509274 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Proposed public transportation amendments of 1980, Transportation Efficiency Act of 1980 : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1293598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01508372 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Los Angeles downtown peoplemover project : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1292696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01507404 AU - United States Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Los Angeles regional core transit system improvements alternatives analysis : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft(fol), Final(fol) KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1291728 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01411741 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Transportation system management in 1980: state of the art and future directions PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - 70p U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Management KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Transport KW - Transportation KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Usa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1179539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01161649 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Houston/Harris County metropolitan area Southwest-Westpark corridor transitway alternatives : environmental impact statement PY - 1980///Volumes held: Draft, Supplement to the draft KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Texas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/922633 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070486 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Southwest transit study (Phase 1 report), preliminary alternatives analysis PY - 1980///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/829871 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319368 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Jones, David W AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INSTITUTIONAL DIMENSION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: A BOTTOMS-UP APPROACH PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 25-27 AB - A number of arguments are made in this paper: 1. The TSM plans developed by MPOs have disappointed federal reviewers and rule makers. 2. The federal view of TSM is at variance with the planning practices and devision processes of metropolitan areas. 3. Successful TSM planning does not require an elaborate areawide process based on textbook-style systems planning. 4. The key to successful TSM planning is the people involved: their expertise, their access to the political process, and their sensitivity to community values and needs. 5. MPOs can foster TSM by subvention of planning funds and procurement of project design from action agencies. 6. TSM cannot deliver consequential energy savings or pollutant reductions; therefore, the planning process for TSM should not be structured around these objectives. 7. TSM should be coordinated with long-range planning, but this can be accomplished by adjusting long-range investment plans in light of local-level TSM accomplishments. 8. The number of regions and corridors that face trade-offs between rail transit and exclusive bus lanes is limited. The TSM process should not be structured around these exceptional cases but rather around the routine requirements of traffic management, parking management, and traffic mitigation. 9. Given the TSM measures most likely to be effective and command community support, the institutional objectives of TSM should be to (a) upgrade the traffic-operations expertise of transit agencies and state highway departments, (b) engage major employers in traffic mitigation (ride sharing, parking management, and work-hour rescheduling), (c) allow local communities to develop plans to protect neighborhoods and pedestrian areas from traffic intrusion, and (d) cultivate a concern with traffic mitigation in local land use planning and the environmental impact report process. 10. These objectives can be most effectively accomplished if MPOs procure planning from action agencies, rather than develop TSM plans at the systems level. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Compliance KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Highway traffic control KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Parking regulations KW - Regulations KW - Ridesharing KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159795 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319362 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Roark, John J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTRODUCTION TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN 1980. STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 1-2 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discusses, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in highlighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The paper presented at the opening session, whhich provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops, each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462795 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PANEL SESSIONS OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY RESEARCH CONFERENCE, MAY 6-7, 1980: THE FUTURE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: PEAK PERIOD TRANSIT SERVICES, STRATEGIES FOR THE 1980'S PY - 1980 SP - 100 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Ost university research KW - Peak periods KW - Public transit KW - Strategy KW - Transit services KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274295 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366956 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT MARKETPLACE '80 PROCEEDING PY - 1980 SP - 101 p. AB - These proceedings of the 1980 meeting included sessions on planning of proposed projects in Baltimore, Md., Mt. Lebanon, Pa., and Bridgeport, Ct; on two successful joint development projects carried out in conjunction with the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority; and on financing of joint development. Workshops dealt with enhancing the joint development market through improved design and with definition of the negotiating process. It was a consensus that joint development has never and will never happen by accident. KW - Connecticut KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Labor negotiations KW - Maryland KW - Pennsylvania KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00361818 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN AUSTIN, TX AND PHOENIX, AZ PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Arizona KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment KW - Public transit KW - Texas KW - Transit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/179312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00347823 AU - Human Services Inst Inc, Montgomery County AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN SERVICES TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION STUDY, 1980 PY - 1980 SP - 200 p. AB - The study was initiated on behalf of the Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Planning Commission on May 1, 1978. A major impetus for this study was the realization that the rapid growth of human services transportation in the County was resulting in significant expenditures of manpower, money, and equipment, but with an apparent lack of the kind of system cohesion normally associated with such growth. It became obvious that there was need for an overview of the state of human services transportation in the County in preparation for the development of an appropriate planning perspective. This study focuses on an assessment and analysis of the transportation resources of sixty human service agencies which provide programs to the youth, aged, and handicapped of the County. The basic purposes of this study were to: (1) understand and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the County's present human services transportation network; (2) analyze these strengths and weaknesses; and (3) present findings and recommendations directed at improving the current system where indicated. KW - Adolescents KW - Aged KW - Pennsylvania KW - Performance evaluations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Social service agencies KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/171675 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319370 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Morin, Donald A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - NEGLECTED HIGH-ACHIEVEMENT TSM ACTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 36-39 AB - The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways in which the implementation of high-achievement TSM actions (e.g. ride sharing, staggered hours, parking management, high occupancy vehicle incentives, improved public transit scheduling, pricing) that have been neglected can be promoted. These strategies have not been implemented widely because of a lack of a constituency, the need for extensive interagency coordination, competition with capital projects, political sensitivity, and funding difficulties. However, there are a number of success stories that could be disseminated to serve as models for other metropolitan areas, with emphasis on the impressive energy effectiveness of these projects. Additional time and effort to assess economic and social effects is necessary to respond to political and public concerns. State and federal legislatures should be made more aware of the benefits of these actions through more-effective contact or by direct lobbying. Federal leverage could also be used through categorical funding programs, added inducements in existing programs, specific TSM project goals or targets in each urbanized area, regulatory changes, or offers of technical assistance. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Interagency relations KW - Parking regulations KW - Politics KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Scheduling KW - Staggered work hours KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159797 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319365 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Lee, David A AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - FOUR YEARS LATER THE STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 12-15 AB - TSM is a short-range element of a regional transportation planning process that addresses ways to improve overall transportation system performance through various low-capital or no-capital management actions. Such actions can be intramodal (e.g., improved transit scheduling techniques, bikeway or pedestrian facilities, express bus operations), intermodal (e.g., bus priorities on streets, parking restrictions, relocation of bus stops that impede traffic flow), or extramodal (e.g., staggered work hours, pricing strategies to discourage long-term parking, employer incentives for ride sharing). The heart of TSM is a concept in which the urban transportation system is a single entity and federal funds are transportation resources. The goal of TSM is to increae the systemwide efficiency of people and goods movement withoug significant new infrastructure investment, rather than to simply accommodate increasing vehicle travel. Ideally, TSM is regional in scope, goal-oriented, and intermodal and has its principal leadership and coordination provided through the MPO. In practice, such strategic approaches are rare; TSM is most commonly of a tactical nature involving site-specific actions that have marginal effects on systemwide performance. The recent corridor-study approaches, however, are a potential way to reconcile the practical advantages of tactical TSM with a basic thrust toward strategic planning, particularly to achieve air quality and energy-conservation goals. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159792 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319372 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gilbert, A Keith AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ISSUES IN TSM METHODOLOGY PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 53-57 AB - Several issues--(a) assembly of aggregated impacts of areawide TSM action for use by local elected officials, (b) evaluation of possible TSM strategies against major capital alternatives, (c) relationship between long- and short-range planning for TSM, and (d) incorporation of TSM actions in the urban transportation planning process--can be at least partially resolved through simplifications inherent in TSM. On the other hand, development of a truly integrated multimodal TSM process is not likely to occur until a pressing need appears that justifies the additional complexity involved. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Local government KW - Methodology KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159799 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319364 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Orski, C Kenneth AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: OBSERVATIONS AND COMMENTS ON FUTURE DIRECTIONS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p 10-11 AB - The author notes that the TSM concept seems to have become thoroughly institutionalized in the transportation planning process. He attributes this to its compatibility with a set of values and concerns that have emerged in the U.S. in recent years: the emerging conservation ethic, the growing fiscal conservatism, a new emphasis on reusing the old rather than throwing it away, and a newfound awarness that the age of cheap, unlimited energy is over. Typical TSM activities-small-scale, incremental actions whose effects are confined to communities or neighborhoods-seem more suitable for local initiative and implementation and thus raise doubts in the author's mind of the importance of TSM at the regional level. The need is stressed for taking greater account of role of the private sector in TSM implementation. Many TSM initiatives (e.g. flexible working hours, vanpools, off-street parking management, pedestrian malls) are significantly dependent on the initiative, support and good will of private enterprise. Attention is called to such less galmourous TSM actions being introduced at the local level as residential parking programs, traffic diversion, commuter parking bans and street closings. Finally, the author calls for the use of TSM in rail planning (e.g. the joint use of rail facilities by freight and commuter services, i.e. tracking sharing). U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Local government KW - Parking regulations KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic diversion KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00341531 AU - Smerk, G M AU - Institute for Urban Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MASS TRANSIT MANAGEMENT: A HANDBOOK FOR SMALL CITIES. SECOND EDITION, REVISED 1980 PY - 1980 SP - n.p. AB - The aim of Mass Transit Management: A Handbook for Small Cities is to provide information for the management of mass transit, particularly for small-scale operations in smaller cities. A modern, systematic approach to transit management has been worked into the material, while recognizing the financial constraints and limited degree of specialization possible in a small transit system. The consumer-oriented approach to marketing is stressed throughout the handbook. For convenience, the handbook is split into four parts: Part I Goals, Support, and Finance; Part II Management and Control; Part III Operations; and Part IV Marketing. KW - Consumers KW - Control KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Strategic planning KW - Support systems KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172288 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319374 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Gakenheimer, Ralph AU - Joyner, Harvey R AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - Results of the Workshop - An Areawide Planning Context for TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 66-68 AB - The conference was structured to address three major issues in TSM planning and implementation--the identification of organizational roles in TSM planning, programming, and implementation, including the roles of the private sector and the professional disciplines; an understanding of why certain high-achievement TSM actions have been neglected; and the relationship of TSM to major national goals and to the comprehensive transportation planning process in metropolitan areas. Each of these issues was assigned to a workshop where the participants discussed, debated, and produced a position paper presenting specific recommendations. Because these issues could not be addressed independently of each other, the workshop chairpersons presented the latest findings of the workshops in conference plenary sessions so that every participant was aware of the direction that each group was taking. These plenary sessions proved most useful in finding and establishing the themes that were common in all workshop discussions and in high-lighting those areas where substantive agreement on underlying issues could not be obtained. The organization of this report reflects the structure of the conference. The papers presented at the opening session, which provided background information on TSM, established a common point of departure for the workshop discussions, and identified topics in TSM that merit further attention, are found in the first section of this report. The next three sections are devoted to the activities of the three workshops each includes the resource papers prepared by the workshop participants and a workshop summary. The conference summary presents the major conclusions and recommendations of each workshop (although the workshop summaries will provide the interested reader with a better sense of how these conclusions were reached). (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Implementation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159801 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319363 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyers, M D AU - Roark, J J AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - CONFERENCE SUMMARY AND FINDINGS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - p. 3-8 AB - Although many issues were identified during this conference, two stand out as being critical for the future of TSM. 1. Everyone present agreed that an important factor in the TSM process is the local official, operator, or individual who initiates and guides the progress of TSM actions through the complicated institutional process of project development. There was a significant difference of opinion, however, on the relationship between these TSM entrepreneurs and the other, more established, transportation agencies found in a metropolitan area. Another facet of this issue was the link between these local TSM initiatives and the regional TSM progam. An investigation should be made of the different types of relationships and the links that can exist and of the barriers to successful implementation they may involve. It is hoped that the current demonstrations in California, Florida, and Connecticut will provide useful insights into the entrepreneur concept, but much more will have to be done if this concept is to be accepted as the basis for transportation planning in urban areas. 2. The second issue arose from the general feeling that transportation planning has become an extremely complicated undertaking and will likely become even more complex as more concerns, issues, and problem definitions (oftentimes from sources external to the transportation field) are incorporated into the process. At this period in the history of transportation planning, we should be asking ourselves how we can make some sense out of a process that has been added to, modified, and molded to incorporated new concerns but has not benefited from a fundamental rethinking of its organizational structure. Perhaps this confernece, in focusing on the future of TSM, will have begun a dialogue that can provide the impetus for such efforts. However, this is only a beginning. What should the transportation planning process be? How do we get there from where we are today? How do we balance the many interests in an urban area, both metropolitan and local, that were created over the past 20 years to guide transportation planning? How do we bridge the real and artificial gaps that exist between planning and implementation? Planning and programming? and TSM planning and non-TSM planning? (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Effectiveness KW - Implementation KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159790 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319366 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Deen, Thomas B AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MAJOR NATIONAL GOALS AND TSM PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 16-20 AB - It has been noted that one of the major criticisms of TSM has been its failure to develop action strategies that are appropriately responsive to specified goals. Many TSM actions have favorable effects on some goals while unfavorably affecting others. The need for analysis and evaluation of the trade-offs of these effects is particularly important if major goals are viewed as having equal or nearly equal value. The fact that such evaluation and analysis does not ococur appears to be a natural result of a goals hierarchy that strongly and rather consistently favors mobility over other goals. Fuel rationing, energy supply interruptins, or natinal economic difficulty, however, have the potential to alter this hierarchy and introduce an era where TSM can function in its orginally conceived manner. TSM strategies, if applied without reservation (but excluding fuel rationing or pricing strategies), can have significant effects on major goals. Travel-time reductions for work travel of 15-20 percent are possible. Favorable effects on energy-conservation and emissions-reduction goals are more limited--probably not more than 3 percent VT reduction for all trips (but more than 10 percent VT reductions for work travel). Pricing seems to be the only significant TSM strategy that reduces VT for nonwork trips; thus, the need for acceptable TSM strategies that could accomplish this goal is a crucial weakness in TSM as currently practiced. However, effects of even 3-5 percent are significant when compared with the effects of some highly visible and costly transportation improvements. The strategies that include more radical conservation measures (such as fuel allocation, rationing, and pricing) have, because of the pervasiveness of personal mobility and its influence on the American life-style, more far-reaching impacts than those usually considered by planners. Under such conditions, the cumulative effects of local TSM actions could have a significant impact on the satisfaction of national goals such as economic gowth, economic equity, and social diversity and choice. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Air quality management KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Energy conservation KW - Implementation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159793 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319367 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - TSM: ALTERNATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ROLES PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 22-24 AB - A hypothetical organization is proposed where the operating agency is also closest to the financing source and thus should be responsible for resource allocation and its associated trade-offs. This agency understands, better than any other, the needs of its system and the demands of its user constituency. The manner in which each operating agency makes its decisions on services in its system would be reviewed by the supervising agencies, but the supervisors' involvement would be limited to advising operators on appropriate considerations and approaches in such decisions. The supervising agencies would be lead agencies for decisions requiring coordination among the individual systems that they supervise. Such decisions should include active participation by each operating agency whose system will be directly affected by the decision. Except in extreme cases, however, the agreement of all participants in such coordination decisions should be obtained before implementation. Higher-level supervising agencies should be responsible for the review of lower-level supervising agency performance, except in the case where they are either coordinators or operators. This means that the federal and state agencies should not be deeply involved in the management process. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Conferences KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Resource allocation KW - Responsibilities KW - State government KW - Transportation system management KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159794 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319371 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hamburg, John R AU - Lathrop, George T AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - INTEGRATING TSM INTO THE OVERALL TRANSPORTATION/PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 44-52 AB - This paper will briefly sketch an approach that is strategic, tactical, and integrated within an overall process that unifies regional versus subregional demands, long-range versus short-range needs, and capital-intensive versus low-cost improvements, actions, policies, and combinations of such. Although this may seem overly ambitious, such an approach is overdue if we are to survive the babel of current requirements, funding conditions, and methodologies. Moreover, the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG) in the Dallas-Ft Worth area is well on its way to implementing such an approach in a program that relates TSM actions to improvements in aeawide air quality. This approach has, basically, three stages: 1. Establishment of a regional context within which detailed subregional (corridor) plans can be developed, including assessment of growth in population and employment and identification of regional TSM actions that could be implemented and of committed transportation facilities that will be in place. 2. Development of Subarea (Corridor) transportation policies and plans within the constraints of regional growth and transportation actions. 3. Synthesis of an overall regional transportation plan from the policies and plans developed for each of the subareas of the region. This approach could represent a major breakthrough in the planning process. It has been made possible by the development of simulation software that permits focusing on an area of interest while simultaneously dealing with the remainder of the region and of sketch-planning software that permits estimation of regionwide effets. The simulation software has the additional advantage of being able to handle finely detailed networks and very small zones at a subarea level so that impacts that might be lost in the regional approach may be simulated and evaluated. By applying this approach to all of the subareas of an entire region, a set of subarea plans can be developed. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Integrated systems KW - Integration KW - Regional transportation KW - Subdivisions KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159798 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319373 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE: A FOUNDATION FOR TSM PLANNING PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 58-65 AB - Monitoring the performance of the transportation system and the impacts of individual actions is the key to an effective TSM planning process. This has been recognized by most TSM planners, and a wide range of monitoring processes have been established. An monitoring program should be designed to provide the information needed to make decisions about specific projects and also should rely, to the extent possible, on the existing capabilities of agencies within the metropolitan area. A large number of the TSM projects planned, designed, and implemented each year need not be the concern of a TSM monitoring program or of an MPO involvmeent. Aggregate information on system performance, however, which includes the summed impacts of all the individual projects, should be forwarded to the MPO. However, projects that are regionally significant should be monitored closely by both the MPO and the operating agencies, so that modifications can be made during initial implementation to improve service performance and evaluations can be conducted to determine the feasibility of this type of project in the metropolitan area. In summary, then, the TSM monitoring program for a metropolitan area should have the following characteristics: 1. Those TSM actions that have been the responsibility of operating agencies in the past and have no significant impact on the regional transportation system will be monitored only to the extent that the operating agencies need additional information to make decisions about future project implementation. 2. Regional projects and those that do not fall naturally under the purview of one agency will be monitored in a cooperative manner by the MPO and the relevant operating agencies. The evaluation of these projects will include MOEs that relate closely to the stated TSM goals and objectives and will thus serve as a basis of comparison between TSM projects. 3. System performance indicators, on a regionwide basis, will be used to monitor the performance of the transportation network and identify trends in travel behvior. This monitoring activity will be part of the on-going transportation planning process for the metropolitan area. Efforts to relate TSM program effectiveness with system performance must be carefully designed so that causal relationships can be clearly established. 4. When appropriate, corridor-based monitoring systems will be used in those corridors where TSM actions are being implemented. The results of this monitoring will be used by MPO staff to determine which TSM goals and objectives are being addressed. This implies that a standard set of measures will be used in all TSM evaluations in each metropolitan area. (Author) U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - City planning KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Impact studies KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Monitoring KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159800 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00319369 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Volk, Herman AU - Transportation Research Board (TRB) TI - ROLE OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN TSM: CAN INTEREST BE GENERATED AND MAINTAINED? PY - 1980 IS - 190 SP - pp 28-30 AB - It is in the inteest of the public sector to encourage private enterprise to participate in the planning, programming, and implementation of TSM strategies, as well as in the processes by which these functions are managed. As result of his experiences in working with a variety of employers and other groups in Middlesex County, New Jersey, the author lists what he considers necessary for the making of a TSM constituency: a locally based TSM coordinating group consisting of representatives from business, industry, various level of government, transit operators, and citizens; establishing an agenda of items to reinforce a public-private partnership in implementing a TSM strategy (e.g. have the private sector provide incentives to encourage participation); a central coordination staff, targeting improvements (i.e. implementing several mutually reinforcing projects in a given area); and insuring rapid implementation. U1 - Workshop on Transportation System ManagementUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationArlington,Texas,United States StartDate:19791126 EndDate:19791129 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Cooperation KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/159796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326377 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN GARMENT CENTER URBAN GOODS MOVEMENT STUDY. PHASE II PY - 1979/12 SP - 311 p. AB - This Final Report is the culmination of a pioneering effort in the field of urban goods movement (UGM). It is an intensive study of the character and the transportation aspects of New York City's premier manufacturing industry. The study was undertaken to examine and recommend goods movement improvements in the Manhattan Garment Center. The purpose was to relieve traffic congestion and its harmful effects, and thereby strengthen the garment industry's economic ability to function. Many of the proposals examined in the course of this pioneering effort in the field of UGM are potentially applicable to other apparel manufacturing areas as possible solutions to goods movement problems in general. Phase I of this study developed an understanding of the Garment Center's goods movement problems, as well as the implementation of several low capital improvements. Phase II, this report, expanded the knowledge and experience gained to Phase I and developed and recommended a series of significant improvements, both short and long-range. KW - Air pollution KW - Cargo transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Economic analysis KW - Freight transportation KW - Improvements KW - Industries KW - Information processing KW - Marketing KW - New York (State) KW - Parking facilities KW - Problem solving KW - Systems analysis KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162281 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00370332 AU - Cunney, E G AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U.S. TRANSIT TRACK ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS PY - 1979/12 SP - 211 p. AB - The overall objective of the study is to help expand and systematize the current search for improvements in transit track. The study was initiated to identify new technology and research tasks that may help increase the performance, reliability, and safety of urban rapid transit systems, and to help ensure that track research provides maximum benefits to the transit industry. Track problems and practices were investigated at transit properties in the United States, and technology was studied in the transit industry and other industries in the United States and Europe. Throughout the study, information was sought on the best technological practices currently available and on improvements that may be obtained through systematic research. This report describes track conditions; current practice in track design, construction, maintenance, and inspection; potential opportunities for improvements; favorable technology that is available but not commonly used in transit track systems; and research and support tasks to fill identified needs. The report also describes the evaluation of research and support tasks for relative importance, the analysis of their costs and benefits, and a recommended implementation plan for a track research program. KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technology assessment KW - Track inspection KW - Track laying KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/183858 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366898 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS - SKETCH PLANNING METHODS. VOLUME 1: ANALYSIS METHODS PY - 1979/12 SP - 284 p. AB - This handbook (in two volumes) provides a range of quantitative analytical techniques to evaluate transportation measures and packages of alternative measures, and is designed to assist State and local air pollution control agencies to perform transportation-air quality planning. Analytical methodologies are described (in Volume 1) and illustrated (in Volume 2) for use by Metropolitan Planning Organizations and other state and local transportation agencies in analyzing the air quality potential of candidate urban transportation measures. As sketch planning techniques, the methods are designed to produce first-cut estimates of a proposed transportation measure's impact for a relatively small investment of time and effort. Quantitative methods oriented to auto restricted zones, high occupancy vehicle priorities, transit improvements, parking programs, carpool/vanpool incentives, and staggered work hours are provided. The methods use worksheet, programmable calculator, and computerized approaches to apply disaggregate behavioral models. They can be used to predict traveler demand as a function of transportation system characteristics, transportation facility operations as a function of their usage and their physical characteristics, and special impacts including vehicular emissions, fuel consumption, and operating costs. Guidelines are provided both to those responsible for designing the transportation-air quality analysis approaches in specific local areas, and to those who will carry out these analyses. In addition, references are provided to documents which provide additional detail on the methods. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus priority KW - Exhaust gases KW - Freeways KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Simulation KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178059 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00366899 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated TI - TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS - SKETCH PLANNING METHODS. VOLUME 2: CASE STUDIES PY - 1979/12 SP - 334 p. AB - This handbook (in two volumes) provides a range of quantitative analytical techniques to evaluate transportation measures and packages of alternative measures, and is designed to assist State and local air pollution control agencies to perform transportation-air quality planning. Analytical methodologies are described (in volume 1) and illustrated (in Volume 2) for use by Metropolitan Planning Organizations and other state and local transportation agencies in analyzing the air quality potential of candidate urban transportation measures. As sketch planning techniques, the methods are designed to produce first-cut estimates of a proposed transportation measure's impact for a relatively small investment of time and effort. Quantitative methods oriented to auto restricted zones, high occupancy vehicle priorities, transit improvements, parking programs, carpool/vanpool incentives, and staggered work hours are provided. The methods use worksheet, programmable calculator, and computerized approaches to apply disaggregate behavioral models. They can be used to predict traveler demand as a function of transportation system characteristics, transportation facility operations as a function of their usage and their physical characteristics, and special impacts including vehicular emissions, fuel consumption, and operating costs. Guidelines are provided both to those responsible for designing the transportation-air quality analysis approaches in specific local areas, and to those who will carry out these analyses. In addition, references are provided to documents which provide additional detail on the methods. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus priority KW - Exhaust gases KW - Freeways KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Simulation KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/178060 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00343638 AU - Schumacher, P J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 7. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM METHODOLOGY AND TEST RESULTS PY - 1979/12 SP - 72 p. AB - This volume provides a description of the experimental system and allocates control system functions between wayside and on-board vehicle components and experimental data for a variety of longitudinal control maneuvers. The State Constrained Longitudinal Control Law is also discussed, which was implemented in hardware and software and evaluated by way of experimentation. In this report, the control system was partitioned into on-board and wayside components connected by way of an inducive communication system. The longitudinal control system performed velocity tracking, velocity regulation, overtake, queueing, slot slip, slot advance, and entrainment closure maneuvers within the service jerk and acceleration constraints. Experimental results are presented and conclusions drawn from the program. KW - Algorithms KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Communication KW - Communication devices KW - Control KW - Control devices KW - Controllers KW - Inductive communications KW - Longitudinal control KW - Longitudinal stability KW - On-board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Railroad facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regulations KW - Ride quality KW - Speed control KW - Velocity KW - Wayside UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/170485 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318180 AU - Benjamin, D E AU - Vought Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVACUATION AND RESCUE IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME II: GUIDEBOOK PY - 1979/12 SP - 97 p. AB - The objective of one segment of the AGTT program, the Systems Safety and Passenger Security (SS&PS) Study, is the development of guidelines for the assurance of actual and perceived passenger safety and security in AGT systems. The evacuation and rescue task of the project has as its objective the production of a guidebook detailing the most effective methods and procedures for providing evacuation and rescue in AGT systems. In conventional transportation systems, transportation personnel can help to evacuate and rescue passengers. AGT systems, however, because of their unmanned nature and unique configurations, present a number of problems related to evacuation and rescue. Operation of AGT systems with elevated guideways also present significant problms. Serious injuries and loss of life can result from situations in which inadequate means of evacuating and rescuing passengers exist. The purpose of this portion of the SS&PS program was to identify these problems and where possible, recommend solutions. This Guidebook is Volume II of the final report on evacuation and rescue in AGT and provides guidelines and other information relative to evacuation and rescue of passengers from AGT systems. The report addresses a description of the problems and solutions as they exist on conventional and AGT systems, a discussion of the types of planning that are required to produce satisfactory evacuation and rescue solutions, and recommendations of suitable methods and procedures for AGT evacuation and rescue. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Elevated guideways KW - Emergency exits KW - Emergency procedures KW - Evacuating transportation KW - Evacuation KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle occupant rescue UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33322/33322.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318179 AU - Benjamin, D E AU - Vought Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVACUATION AND RESCUE IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME I: DATA COLLECTION, SCENARIOS, AND EVALUATION PY - 1979/12 SP - 84 p. AB - The objective of one segment of this program, the Systems Safety and Passenger Security (SS&PS) Study, is the development of guidelines for the assurance of actual and perceived passenger safety and security in AGT systems. The evacuation and rescue task of the project has as its objective the production of a guidebook detailing the most effective methods and procedures for providing evacuation and rescue in AGT systems. In conventional transportation systems, transportation personnel can help to evacuate and rescue passengers. AGT systems, however, because of their unmanned nature and unique configurations, present a number of problems related to evacuation and rescue. Operation of AGT systems with elevated guideways also present significant problems. Serious injuries and loss of life can result from situations in which inadequate means of evacuating and rescuing passengers exist. The purpose of this portion of the SS&PS program was to identify these problems and where possible, recommend solutions. This document is Volume I of the final report on evacuation and rescue in AGT, and describes the methodology used in developing evacuation and rescue guidelines. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Elevated guideways KW - Emergency exits KW - Emergency procedures KW - Evacuating transportation KW - Evacuation KW - Guidelines KW - Handbooks KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Search and rescue operations KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle occupant rescue UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33321/33321.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155576 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00365274 AU - Long, L AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXIS AS PUBLIC TRANSIT: A BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1979/12 SP - 52 p. AB - This bibliography was prepared as supporting documentation for research on shared ride taxicab systems conducted by the University of California, Irvine in 1978-1979. The 265 citations survey the literature from 1960 to 1979 and include books, conference papers, journal articles, technical reports and government documents. The bibliography is divided into the following sections: General Characteristics of the Industry; Characteristics of Taxicab Usage; Taxicab Regulation and the Role of Government; The Jitney; Labor Issues; Taxicab Management and Operation; Innovative Uses of the Taxicab; Shared Ride Systems; Automation in the Taxi Industry; Transit/Taxi Coordination; and The Future of Taxis as Transit. KW - Bibliographies KW - Coordination KW - Government policies KW - Labor relations KW - Management KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Regulations KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/177369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334283 AU - Meyer, M D AU - GAKENHEIMER, R AU - Haven, P AU - Hemily, B AU - Ziering, E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND REVITALIZATION: THE ROLE OF FEDERAL AND STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/12 SP - 313 p. AB - The purpose of this research is to examine the role that state transportation agencies have in urban development decision, identify the sources of leverage that these agencies have for influencing public/private decisions on urban development, suggest potential roles for state transportation agencies in urban revitalization, and recommend actions that federal agencies could take to encourage a more active relationship between transportation and urban development. This report examines the role of federal and state transportation agencies in encouraging urban revitalization. The urban development strategies in Massachusetts and Michigan were used as case studies to examine the role of transportation agencies in the overall process. Five categories of levers that state transportation agencies could use to direct development toward urban centers included: 1) reviewing project planning; 2) funding studies; 3) granting of permits; 4) influencing project planning process; and 5) providing facilities and services. It was found in both states that there was no overall policy direction for the use of these levers. This research report recommends steps to be taken by state transportation agencies to establish this policy guidance. This research report also identifies six sources of leverage at the federal level, namely: 1) articulation of federal policy; 2) creation of new programs; 3) influence in the planning process; 4) project evaluation; 5) establishment of priorities; and 6) use of research initiatives. Specific recommendations are made for each case. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Federal government KW - Government intervention KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Regulation KW - State departments of transportation KW - United States KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00334282 AU - Meyer, M D AU - GAKENHEIMER, R AU - Haven, P AU - Hemily, B AU - Ziering, E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND REVITALIZATION: THE ROLE OF FEDERAL AND STATE TRANSPORT AGENCIES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/12 SP - 37 p. AB - This report is a synthesis of a more extensive final report under the same title and report number UMTA-MA-11-0033-81-2. The purpose of this research is to examine the role that state transportation agencies have in urban development decision, identify the sources of leverage that these agencies have for influencing public/private decisions on urban development, suggest potential roles for state transportation agencies in urban revitalization, and recommend actions that federal agencies could take to encourage a more active relationship between transportation and urban development. This report summarizes the research results regarding the role of federal and state transportation agencies in encouraging urban revitalization. The urban development strategies in Massachusetts and Michigan were used as case studies to examine the role of transportation agencies in the overall process. Five categories of levers that state transportation agencies could use to direct development toward urban centers included: 1) reviewing project planning; 2) funding studies; 3) granting of permits; 4) influencing project planning process; and 5) providing facilities and services. It was found in both states that there was no overall policy direction for the use of these levers. This research report recommends steps to be taken by state transportation agencies to establish this policy guidance. This research report also identifies six sources of leverage at the federal level, namely: 1) articulation of federal policy; 2) creation of new programs; 3) influence in the planning process; 4) project evaluation; 5) establishment of priorities; and 6) use of research initiatives. Specific recommendations are made for each case. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Federal government KW - Government intervention KW - Policy KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Regulation KW - State departments of transportation KW - United States KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314051 AU - Elms, C P AU - Meritt, H AU - McGean, T AU - Cooke, F AU - Bamberg, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE PHASE I MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM PY - 1979/12 SP - 273 p. AB - This assessment describes the installation and operation of Phase I of the Morgantown People Mover System at West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. A detailed description of the technical subsystems is included as well as a review of performance, reliability, maintainability, and cost. A system implementation history is also provided. Where important, the review of technical subsystems includes applicability, modifications, and/or improvements for application in an urban environment. Information and data presented were collected through surveys of the literature, site visits, a visit to the manufacturer, interviews with site and manufacturer's personnel, site measurements, reviews of operating and maintenance logs, and compilations generated by the manufacturer, the operator, and the U.S. Department of Transportation. A draft of this report has been reviewed by the operator, the manufacturer, and UMTA. Their comments have been incorporated where it has been possible to do so without compromising the objectivity of the assessment. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance management KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public opinion KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Systems engineering KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150808 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313963 AU - Dauber, R L AU - Vought Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PASSENGER SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE SERVICES IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME II. GUIDEBOOK PY - 1979/12 SP - 133 p. AB - Current practices have been reviewed, analyzed, and evaluated for their effectiveness in accommodating Passenger Safety and Convenience Services (PS&CS) problems in AGT. These practices for providing PS&CS in both conventional and AGT have been assessed as applicable to highly automated transit systems. These guidelines have been developed suggesting methods and procedures to provide these services for AGT systems. The final objective of this guidebook is to provide the most effective methods and procedures for ensuring passenger safety and convenience services in AGT systems. Its contents provide guidance for AGT system planners, designers, operators, and evaluators in identifying potential problems and assessing proposed methods and procedures. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Level of service KW - Manuals KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger security KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Security KW - Services KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313962 AU - Dauber, R L AU - Vought Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PASSENGER SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE SERVICES IN AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT. VOLUME I. DATA COLLECTION, SCENARIOS, AND EVALUATION PY - 1979/12 SP - 83 p. AB - The major objective was to produce a guidebook detailing the most effective methods and procedures for the accommodation of Systems Safety and Passenger Security. The primary intent of this document is to provide guidance associated with abnormal occurrences that have an impact on routine passenger services or safety. The report discusses literature and personal interview findings documenting methods and procedures for detecting and resolving Passenger Safety and Convenience Service (PS&CS) problems in current transit operations; scenarios depicting potential PS&CS problems applicable to the AGT systems; selection of methods and procedures from current practices for detecting and resolving PS&CS problems in AGT; analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of selected candidate methods and procedures; and recommended methods and procedures for accommodating PS&CS problems in AGT. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Guidelines KW - Human factors KW - Level of service KW - Manuals KW - Passenger safety KW - Passenger security KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Security KW - Services KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/33000/33300/33326/33326.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313106 AU - Hintzman, K W AU - Kershaw, R E AU - MORI, K Y AU - Pearson, C L AU - Rogers, E AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT CRITERIA FOR SYSTEM REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN PY - 1979/12 SP - 374 p. AB - This report is a manual intended to assist in evaluating rail transit proposals and to provide information for preliminary design of trackways and to serve as a guide to the acquisition and use of data required for the final design of a specific system. The standards and characteristics of a number of operating and proposed systems were analyzed and organized to produce this manual. The first three chapters describe and contrast light and heavy rail systems, outline the system planning process, and discuss the implications of choices within systems. These chapters also describe vehicle and facility characteristics and requirements that affect trackway location and design. Finally, they discuss system operational factors and the magnitude and range of major cost elements. The last chapter contains principles, conventions and criteria for trackwork and for the preliminary design of trackways. KW - Cost estimating KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Design standards KW - Estimates KW - Light rail transit KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Location KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Manuals KW - Planning KW - Railroad stations KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Structural design KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318423 AU - Cunney, E G AU - BOYD, P L AU - Woods, J A AU - ENSCO, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U. S. TRANSIT TRACK ASSESSMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS PY - 1979/12 SP - 211 p. AB - The overall objective of the study is to help expand and systematize the current search for improvements in transit track. The study was initiated to identify new technology and research tasks that may help increase the performance, reliability, and safety of urban rapid transit systems, and to help ensure that track research provides maximum benefits to the transit industry. Track problems and practices were investigated at transit properties in the United States, and technology was studied in the transit industry and other industries in the United States and Europe. Throughout the study, information was sought on the best technological practices currently available and on improvements that may be obtained through systematic research. This report describes track conditions; current practice in track design, construction, maintenance, and inspection; potential opportunities for improvements; favorable technology that is available but not commonly used in transit track systems; and research and support tasks to fill identified needs. The report also describes the evaluation of research and support tasks for relative importance, the analysis of their costs and benefits, and a recommended implementation plan for a track research program. KW - Ballast KW - Ballast (Railroads) KW - Construction KW - Europe KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance of way KW - Railroad ties KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transportation KW - Research programs KW - Research projects KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Track design KW - Track inspection KW - Track structures UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337297 AU - Meyer, M AU - GAKENHEIMER, R AU - Haven, P AU - Hemily, B AU - Ziering, E AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND REVITALIZATION: THE ROLE OF FEDERAL AND STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/12 SP - 311 p. AB - The purpose of this research is to examine the role that state transportation agencies have in urban development decision, identify the sources of leverage that these agencies have for influencing public/private decisions on urban development, suggest potential roles for state transportation agencies in urban revitalization, and recommend actions that federal agencies could take to encourage a more active relationship between transportation and urban development. This report examines the role of federal and state transportation agencies in encouraging urban revitalization. The urban development strategies in Massachusetts and Michigan were used as case studies to examine the role of transportation agencies in the overall process. KW - Case studies KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - Massachusetts KW - Michigan KW - Policy KW - State departments of transportation KW - State government KW - Transportation KW - United States KW - Urban development KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314005 AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON TUNNEL LINING DESIGN HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS ON MARCH 12-13, 1979 PY - 1979/12 SP - 234 p. AB - The workshop provided a forum for the identification and discussion of problems in the design and construction of tunnels centering around six topics, namely: Lining Design, Qualification, Geotechnical Investigations, Observational Approach, Specifications, and Constructibility and Cost Considerations. A position paper on each topic is arranged together with appropriate discussions from the working group members. In addition to background information regarding the planning of this workshop, this report also contains the keynote address, position papers, names and addresses of subcommittee members, as well as information about the six topics discussed at the workshop. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Costs KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Meetings KW - Specifications KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313251 AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACT-1: URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM. ENGINEERING TEST OF ACT-1 VEHICLE AT TRANSPORTATION TEST CENTER PY - 1979/12 SP - 455 p. AB - This document contains a description of the ACT vehicles as delivered to UMTA, including major changes incorporated during testing at the Transit Test Center (TTC), in Pueblo, Colorado, and the rationale for these changes. The test program is described in detail and results are presented for checkout, adjustment, engineering, and acceptance testing of the ACT vehicles. These vehicle tests include: (1) crash attenuation; (2) performance tests, i.e., acceleration, speed regulation, deceleration, power consumption, thermal duty cycle, slip/spin efficiency, ride quality data, and acoustics data. The instrumentation system description is included in the appendix. The test program results in confirmation of significant achievements in vehicle operating efficiency; technology advances in component design and integration; and of considerations for passenger safety, security, and comfort. KW - Acceptability KW - Acceptance KW - Acceptance tests KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Advanced concept train KW - Crashworthiness KW - High speed rail KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance evaluations KW - Performance tests KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Structural design KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313212 AU - Ballou, D P AU - Mohan, L AU - State University of New York, Albany AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RIDERSHIP, REVENUE AND EQUITY IMPLICATIONS OF DISTANCE-BASED FARES FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/12 SP - 85 p. AB - The purpose of this project was to develop a micro-simulation model to evaluate the impact of selected distance-based fare policies on various sub-groups of the population in terms of revenue, ridership, and average fare paid in the Albany, New York Metropolitan Area, using data from an on-board ridership survey conducted by the local transit agency. The fare structure currently employed by most local or regional transit agencies consists of large zones within which passengers are charged the same amount regardless of the distance traveled. The micro-simulation technique was adopted because of the need to capture considerable detail at the level of the individual rider, which will permit subsequent aggregation by any desired characteristic such as age, sex, and trip purpose, for the equity analysis. The use of a disaggregate methodology also increases the model's potential for transferability. An interactive software package has been developed to implement the micro-simulation model. KW - Computer programming KW - Distance KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Local government KW - Mathematical models KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Simulation KW - Software KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313213 AU - Thompson, D E AU - McKown, A F AU - Fourney, W L AU - Sperry, P E AU - Haley & Aldrich, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF FRACTURE CONTROL IN TUNNEL BLASTING PY - 1979/12 SP - 172 p. AB - The objective of this research was to implement fracture control procedures in a tunnel project and to assess the practicality, advantages, disadvantages, performance and cost effectiveness of fracture control methods against smooth blasting procedures. This report describes the procedures and results of field tests of fracture control--a procedure for achieving fracture plane control in tunnel blasting. It describes and discusses the project and site geology, the theory and applications of fracture control blasting, and the experimental procedures used. The report provides conclusions and recommendations for future research. The procedures and results of an experimental smooth blasting round utilizing milli-second delay detonating caps are described in Appendix A. KW - Blast effects KW - Boreholes KW - Construction sites KW - Control KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Explosive excavation KW - Explosives KW - Field tests KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Physical properties KW - Presplitting (Blasting) KW - Rock fracture KW - Rock properties KW - Rocks KW - Site investigation KW - Subways KW - Tunneling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305891 AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Shipley, R L AU - Wilson, G P AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF METHODS TO CONTROL URBAN RAIL SYSTEM NOISE PY - 1979/12 SP - 131 p. AB - This study evaluates the acoustic and economic effectiveness of five methods of controlling wheel/rail noise and vibration on urban rail transit systems, namely: rail grinding, wheel truing, resilient wheels, ring-damped wheels, and welded vs. jointed rail. The noise reduction methods were tested under revenue operation conditions on the Market-Frankford Line of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority rail transit system. In addition to the evaluation of these noise control methods, the study included an economic analysis of the long and short term costs of the control methods if implemented on typical U.S. urban rail systems. Life-cycle cost equations were developed for the control methods. This report summarizes noise, vibration, and cost results and compares the measurement results with similar studies. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Analysis KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Environmental impacts KW - Grinding KW - Grinding material removal KW - Lathes KW - Machining KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sound level KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Turning machining KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Wheel screech noise KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305935 AU - Einstein, H H AU - Azzouz, A S AU - Schwartz, C W AU - STEINER, W AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED DESIGN OF TUNNEL SUPPORTS: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/12 SP - 55 p. AB - This report focuses on improvement of design methodologies related to the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. The design methods range from simple analytical and empirical methods to sophisticated finite element techniques as well as an evaluation of tunneling practices in Austria and Germany. The purpose of this report is to provide the tunneling profession with improved practical tools in the technical or design area. These design tools provide more accurate representations of the ground-structure interaction in tunneling. The Executive Summary is the first of six publications to be published on the Improved Design of Tunnel Support. Volumes 1 through 5 will be published in March, 1980. This Executive Summary summarizes improvements in the methodology available to tunnel designers with the objective of reducing the cost of tunnel construction in the United States. This report summarizes each of the five volumes--Volume 1: Simplified Analysis for Ground-Structure Interaction; Volume 2: Aspects of Yielding in Ground-Structure Interaction; Volume 3: Finite Element Analysis of the Peachtree Center Station in Atlanta; Volume 4: Tunneling Practices in Austria and Germany; and Volume 5: Empirical Methods for Rock Tunneling--Review and Recommendations. KW - Austria KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design methods KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Finite element method KW - Georgia KW - Germany KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel supports KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00327752 AU - Tomazinis, A R AU - Replogle, M AU - Del Casino, J AU - Young, D AU - Gleichman, G AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING SUCCESS OF SUBURBAN MASS TRANSIT LINES PY - 1979/12 SP - 170 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the factors that influence the success or failure of public transportation lines that operate mainly within the low density suburban areas, and whose purpose is to serve the local travel needs between and within suburban communities, rather than to provide corridor connections with the central business district (CBD) of the metropolitan region. This report presents the efforts of a research project on factors that effect the success levels of suburban bus transit lines, operating in low density areas and serving non-CBD-oriented, localized travel needs, on fixed-routes and schedules of service. The analysis is based on data from suburban transit routes from two distinctly different metropolitan areas, namely: Philadelphia SMSA and San Diego SMSA. The factors investigated include those expressive of the connectivity of transit lines, land use mix in the service areas, areal/spatial characteristics of the transit routes, and the characteristics of the transit users. KW - California KW - Density KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Pennsylvania KW - Population KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Suburbs KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322278 AU - Elms, C AU - Merritt, H AU - McGean, T AU - Cooke, F AU - Bamberg, W AU - Theumer, H AU - SMITH, F AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE PHASE I MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER SYSTEM PY - 1979/12 SP - 273 p. AB - This assessment of the Morgantown People Mover System has been accomplished as part of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA's) Socio-Economic Research Program. The purpose of the program is to relate the characteristics of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT`) technology to the needs for improved forms of urban transportation and to determine the social, economic, environmental, and performance factors which affect the usefulness of AGT systems. The objectives of this assessment report are: 1) to provide information on the system installation, including engineeing and operating data, descriptive information on system performance, economics, public response, and experience with system design, development, and implementation; 2) to evaluate the information in order to assess system and subsystem technical performance, system economics, and overall system performance in meeting transportation requirements; and 3) to report results of the assessment in ways useful for guiding R & D on key problem areas, for planning AGT installation, and for making product improvements in AGT systems. This assessment describes the installation and operation of Phase I of the Morgantown People Mover System at West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. A detailed description of the technical subsystems is included as well as a review of performance, reliability, maintainability, and cost. A system implementation history is also provided. Where important, the review of technical subsystems includes applicability, modifications, and/or improvements for application in an urban environment. Information and data presented were collected through surveys of the literature, site visits, a visit to the manufacturer, interviews with site and manufacturer's personnel, site measurements, reviews of operating and maintenance logs, and compilations generated by the manufacturer, the operator, and the U.S. Department of Transportation. A draft of this report has been reviewed by the operator, the manufacturer, and UMTA. Their comments have been incorporated where it has been possible to do so without compromising the objectivity of the assessment. (UMTA) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Environmental impacts KW - Guideways KW - People movers KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Systems analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156676 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322281 AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS WORKSHOP ON TUNNEL LINING DESIGN, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, MARCH 12 & 13, 1979 SN - MA-06-0100 PY - 1979/12 SP - 234 p. AB - This report documents the proceedings of the Workshop on Tunnel Lining Design that was held at the U.S. Department of Transportation's Transportation Systems Center (TSC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 12 and 13, 1979. The workshop was sponsored by the Office of Rail and Construction Technology of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The workshop provided a forum for the identification and discussion of problems in the design and construction of tunnels centering around six topics, namely: Lining Design, Qualification, Geotechnical Investigations, Observational Approach, Specifications, and Constructibility and Cost Considerations. A position paper on each topic is arranged together with appropriate discussions from the working group members. In addition to background information regarding the planning of this workshop, this report also contains the keynote address, position papers, names and addresses of subcommittee members, as well as information about the six topics discussed at the workshop. (UMTA) KW - Costs KW - Geotechnical engineering KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322250 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY EMERGENCY CONTINGENCY PLANS FOR THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NY AND NJ PY - 1979/12 SP - 78 p. AB - This report begins with a summary of contingency plan measures, presented in tabular form, to represent the major actions which would be contemplated by the Port Authority in the event of future severe gasoline shortages. The next section discusses transportation impacts at Port Authority facilities of past gasoline shortages. Its purpose is to examine the various travel pattern changes which resulted from the severe gasoline shortage tht occurred during the summer of 1979. The following section contains energy emergency plans for PATH--a 13.8 mile rapid rail transit system, connecting Newark, Jersey City, Harrison and Hoboken with lower and midtown Manhattan. The objective of the next portion, an emergency contingency plan, is to establish action programs to assure tht the Port Authority's Information Section at the Port Authority Bus Terminal will be adequately staffed and sufficiently informed to handle telephone requests from the public concerning revised operating plans of the regions' intercity bus and rail carriers tht may be implemented as a result of a severe energy shortage. The final section reviews energy emergency contingency plans for public transportation to the region's airports. Its purpose is to identify travel markets which will be severely impacted by a significant shortage (30%) of gasoline and diesel fuel and to develop appropriate measures which will insure that adequate services are available to maintain essential public mobility. KW - Bus transportation KW - Emergencies KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Impacts KW - Intercity bus lines KW - Markets KW - Mobility KW - Rapid transit KW - Shortages KW - Tables (Data) KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156661 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00317934 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Environmental Protection Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS - SKETCH PLANNING METHODS. VOLUME I: ANALYSIS METHODS PY - 1979/12 SP - 284 p. AB - Analytical methodologies are described (in Volume I) and illustrated (in Volume II) for use by metropolitan planning organizations and other state and local transportation agencies in analyzing the air quality potential of candidate urban transportation measures. As sketch planning techniques, the methods are designed to produce first-cut estimates of a proposed transportation measure's impact for a relatively small investment of time and effort. Quantitative methods oriented to auto restricted zones, high occupancy vehicle priorities, transit improvements, parking programs, carpool/vanpool incentives, and staggered work hours are provided. The methods use worksheet, programmable calculator, and computerized approaches to apply disaggregate behavioral models. They can be used to predict traveller demand as a function of transportation system characteristics, transportation facility operations as a function of their usage and their physical characteristics, and special impacts including vehicular emissions, fuel consumption, and operating costs. Guidelines are provided both to those responsible for designing the transportation-air quality analysis approaches in specific local areas, and to those who will carry out these analyses. In addition, references are provided to documents which provide additional detail on the methods. KW - Air pollution KW - Carpools KW - City planning KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental impacts KW - Estimates KW - Exhaust gases KW - Fuel consumption KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Systems management KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155488 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313257 AU - Griffin, D K AU - Boeing Vertol Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN RAPID RAIL VEHICLE AND SYSTEMS PROGRAM PY - 1979/12 SP - 27 p. AB - The main objective of the program was to make rapid rail transportation more attractive to the urban traveler by providing existing and proposed transit systems with service that is comfortable, reliable, safe, and as economical as possible. The short-range goal was the demonstration of the state of the art in rapid rail vehicular technology; the long-range goal was the development and demonstration of improved vehicles. The State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC), incorporating the latest transit railcar technology, was developed and tested. The two cars fabricated were demonstrated in revenue service on six transit properties. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Brakes KW - Braking performance KW - Comfort KW - Development KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Passenger comfort KW - Performance analysis KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Ride quality KW - Safety KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Synchronous motors KW - Systems engineering KW - Traction drives KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313210 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ABSTRACTS FOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PROJECTS (SUPPLEMENT) PY - 1979/12 SP - 80 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to provide a listing of abstracts of reports published since February 1978 for research projects supported by UMTA's University Research and Training Grant Program. The reports abstracted in this document are divided into subject categories arranged alphabetically. This document is a supplement to the February 1978 edition. KW - Abstracts KW - Bibliographies KW - Definitions KW - Documents KW - Indexing KW - Research KW - Research projects KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313124 AU - Ward, R E AU - Durant, P A AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF A COMPLIMENTARY SOLUTION TO THE BUS OPERATOR SCHEDULING PROBLEM PY - 1979/12 SP - 107 p. AB - The report is concerned primarily with computerized run-cutting. Run-cutting in the bus industry deals with the problem of assigning operators or drivers to work the vehicle schedules. The objective of run-cutting is to create cost effective bus driver assignments, known as runs or duties, to work or cover a predefined schedule of bus service. This report deals specifically with run-cutting in the bus industry, and it builds on and synthesizes experiences already gained in this field. Driver duties vary in type. One characteristic which defines a duty-type is the time of day it begins and completes it assigned work. Basic methodology is outlined in the report, and the results from experiments are collated and reported when the methodology was applied to three real-life data sets acquired from three different bus properties. The goal of this study is to provide added insight into the methods of using computer based algorithms to solve the original problem, which is the creation and selection of duties to cover the full day schedule of bus service. KW - Algorithms KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Computer programming KW - Computer programs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Drivers KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150484 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314435 AU - Barnum, D T AU - Gleason, J M AU - University of Nebraska, Omaha AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXECUTIVE REPORT: MEASURING THE INFLUENCE OF SUBSIDIES ON TRANSIT EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS PY - 1979/11 SP - 25 p. AB - The research is devoted to model development and data analysis in an effort to identify relationships between subsidies and transit performance. The theory underlying the determinants of the relationships is developed, and a justification is presented for the efficiency and effectiveness indicators to be tested. Each indicator, serving as the dependent variable, is regressed on relevant control variables, and on subsidies classified by source, use and control. For the sample of 55 observations from 1975-76, current levels of subsidies have increased riders per capita by 93 percent and expenses per vehicle hour by 9 percent over what they would have been if no subsidies had been provided. Subsidies have minor and generally insignificant effects on the six efficiency indicators, but state and local operating subsidies have significantly favorable impacts on the one effectiveness measure, riders per capita, resulting in increases of one to five riders for each dollar of subsidy. KW - Data analysis KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Finance KW - Government funding KW - Grant aid KW - Impacts KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passenger service KW - Performance KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305809 AU - Chung, C C AU - MITRE Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED MIXED TRAFFIC VEHICLE STUDY AT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT PY - 1979/11 SP - 72 p. AB - Passenger-carrying automated mixed traffic vehicles (AMTV) development has recently demonstrated successful automated vehicle operation in both pedestrian and limited automobile traffic. Passenger-carrying AMTV's are intended to provide the advantages of automation to that segment of the transit market that handles a moderate demand level over short distances at low speeds. This study examines the site and passenger demand characteristics at Washington National Airport and analyzes the application feasibility of providing AMTV service between the air terminals and the long term and satellite parking lots. The AMTV system analyzed includes three separate routes; all routes use 8-passenger AMTV vehicles. Route 1 operates between the air terminals and the satellite parking lots. Routes 2 and 3, operating in conjunction with a hypothetical accelerating walkway system operating between the Metro Rapid Rail Station and the Main Terminal, provide service between the Main Terminal and Long Term Parking Lots. The AMTV system analyzed herein includes a single lane loop, a single lane shuttle, and a double lane route. Route fleet size requirements range from 1 to 4 vehicles. The entire National Airport AMTV System would cost approximately $600,000 to build and $343,000 a year to operate and maintain (O&M). On a route-by-route basis, the AMTV routes studied compare favorably with several other alternative modes in terms of both level of service and costs. Although the AMTV ha higher capital costs than the existing shuttle bus system and the upgraded exclusive right-of-way bus system, the AMTV offers significant savings in annual and O&M costs. KW - Airports KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Costs KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Parking facilities KW - Passenger transportation KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Pedestrians KW - Railroad terminals KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Terminal facilities KW - Travel demand KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314086 AU - SPANOVICH, G AU - Metropolitan Service District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROTOTYPE PLANNING STUDY, PORTLAND (OREGON). TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT (TSM) PY - 1979/11 SP - 114 p. AB - Transportation System Management (TSM) is a concept that calls for the planning, programming, and implementation of low-capital, short-range improvements designed to increase the efficiency of existing transportation systems. TSM may also serve the goals of energy conservation, environmental protection, and urban revitalization. This report is one of five special studies of the TSM Planning Prototype Studies Program. The program was designed to demonstrate the capabilities of local agencies to undertake TSM planning in a systematic problem oriented manner. This report documents the project in Portland and is designed to provide a summary of the procedures utilized in Portland to systematically develop a regionwide program for TSM delineated on a small area basis. The TSM process includes a statement of goals and objectives, evaluation of existing conditions, a set of proposed action and justification for inclusion of those actions in the area's Transportation Improvement Program. KW - Energy conservation KW - Environmental protection KW - Evaluation KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Management KW - Oregon KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Systems management KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban areas KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56621/transportations0900metr_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150839 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318183 AU - Morlok, E K AU - Viton, P A AU - Sudalaimuthu, P AU - Waldo, J AU - Hessami, M S AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SUSTAINING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. VOLUME II. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1979/11 SP - 239 p. AB - The study examines three systems of urban transportation services which are self-sustaining (cover at least operating costs from the farebox). The three systems selected for the study are: (1) the Philadelphia-Lindenwold Hi-Speed Line, a rail rapid transit line operated by the Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO); (2) the express bus services in the City of New York, with routes operated by both the Metropolitan Transit Authority as well as private bus companies; and (3) the suburban railroad service in the Chicago metropolitan area of the Chicago and Northwestern Transportation Company (formerly C&NW Railway). These services are characterized by high fares; high service quality including a high probability of obtaining a seat and attention to consumer comfort and safety; travel times comparable to those on alternative modes, including the private car; service between residential areas and CBDs; market areas composed primarily of middle-to upper-income inhabitants; and costs not necessarily lower than comparable service by other operators. All three, until recently, have covered at least operating costs from the farebox. That two of them no longer do so is attributable to explicit policy decisions, and not to a failure in the viability of the service. The research concludes that although self-sustaining services are clearly appropriate only for certain markets, within those markets they have potential as a means of relieving the increasing scale of transit deficits. KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Chicago and North Western Transportation Company KW - Comfort KW - Commuter service KW - Express buses KW - Fares KW - Illinois KW - Level of service KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Markets KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Profitability KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305865 AU - Theumer, H A AU - Elms, C P AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE BUSCH GARDENS AUTOMATED ANHEUSER-BUSCH SHUTTLE SYSTEM PY - 1979/11 SP - 166 p. AB - This report describes an independent assessment of the operation of the shuttle system at the Busch Gardens theme park in Williamsburg, which has been in operation since 1975, and is part of the ride system in the park. The system connects two stations, the Garden Station at the theme park, and the Hospitality Center at the brewery. It is a single lane loop with one two-car train which stops on-line at each station, and is capable of operating in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The information and data presented in this report were collected through surveys of literature, site visits, a visit to the manufacturer, and interviews with site and manufacturer's personnel. The report presents a description of the technical subsystems, as well as a review of performance, reliability, and maintainability. Where important, the review of technical subsystems includes applicability and modifications and/or improvements for application in an urban environment. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Braking KW - Command and control systems KW - Command guidance KW - Communication devices KW - Ground vehicles KW - Guideway systems KW - Guideways KW - Maintainability KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger terminals KW - People movers KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Recreational facilities KW - Reliability KW - Suspension systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144189 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326348 AU - Edelstein, P AU - Applied Resource Integration Limited AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EASYRIDE SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PY - 1979/11 SP - 354 p. AB - The evaluation of the EASYRIDE demonstration project was funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, through the Transportation Systems Center. The project took place on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. EASYRIDE began operation as a pilot program in June 1976. After receiving its complete vehicle fleet, it began full scale operations in April 1977. During the first two years of the demonstration project, there was no required passenger fare; however, donations were accepted. This evaluation report covers the first two full years of operation, which was from June 1977 through May 1979. The Vera Institute of Justice was the grantee for this project in which door-thru-door demand-responsive transportation service was provided to elderly and handicapped residents of the Lower East Side. The door-thru door nature of the project refers to the fact that EASYRIDE drivers will leave the vehicle to assist passengers boarding and alighting from the vehicle. Service was provided by five fully accessible lift-equipped vans and five regular vans. Most of the drivers for the EASYRIDE project were graduates of the Wildcat Corporation program which trains rehabilitated ex-offenders and ex-addicts for work on public service projects. KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Door to door service KW - Drivers KW - Evaluation KW - Needs assessment KW - New York (State) KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pilot studies KW - Pilot study KW - Pneumatic equipment KW - Pneumatic tamper KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Special service KW - Tamping KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162266 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326272 AU - Cook, A R AU - Barb, CEJ AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT CASE STUDIES: OVERVIEW PY - 1979/11 SP - 97 p. AB - The report is one element of a set of curriculum materials to support university class and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. In an attempt to capture some of the diverse elements of paratransit and move toward a synthesis of paratransit development, the authors have developed five case studies of local paratransit organizations which have successfully implemented paratransit services. They encompass a broad range of modes, market applications, and institutional structures. Each case study was developed around a common analysis framework, and all facets to service development were investigated. The purpose of this overview is principally to introduce the analysis framework for these case studies and provide pertinent historical background information. It also summarizes the case study experiences, and comments on technology transfer in paratransit service development. In addition, the case study experiences are compared with national statistics and experiences. KW - Case studies KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Instructional materials KW - Local government KW - Manuals KW - Organizations KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Reviews KW - Technology transfer KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318184 AU - Wilmington Metro Area Planning Coordinating County AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE STANDARDS AND OPERATING GUIDELINES FOR THE DELAWARE AUTHORITY FOR REGIONAL TRANSIT. TASK B OF THE DART PLANNING PROGRAM PY - 1979/11 SP - 194 p. AB - The service standards project is one aspect of the Delaware Authority for Regional Transit (DART) planning program in order to increase DART's patronage, improve DART's operational efficiency, and increase the regional transit accessibility with the Wilmington urbanized area. Although these standards and guidelines are intended initially for application only to DART operations, they have been developed in such a way as to allow their application in any portion of the New Castle County, Delaware-Cecil County, Maryland-Salem County, New Jersey SMSA. This report presents an introduction and background of transit performance measurement, a detailed description of the transit service standards and operating guidelines proposed for adoption by DART, and an assessment of the degree to which DART's current operations are in compliance with the suggested standards and basic planning guidelines. In addition, a preliminary estimate of the costs required to have DART's service meet these proposed standards and guidelines is included. KW - Accessibility KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Counties KW - Delaware KW - Estimates KW - Evaluation KW - Guidelines KW - Level of service KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Services KW - Standards KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318182 AU - Morlok, E K AU - Viton, P A AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SUSTAINING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES. VOLUME I. GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION PY - 1979/11 SP - 42 p. AB - These guidelines are based on examination of three self-supporting, or nearly self-supporting, public transportation services. The three systems studied were: the express bus routes operated wholly within the City of New York, the Chicago and North Western Railway's suburban service, and the PATCO Hi-Speed Line from Philadelphia to Lindenwold, New Jersey. KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Chicago and North Western Transportation Company KW - Commuter service KW - Fares KW - Guidelines KW - Illinois KW - Implementation KW - Level of service KW - Lindenwold Line KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (State) KW - Operating costs KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Profitability KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313229 AU - Conant, J D AU - McDonnell, J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALLOCATING FUNDS UNDER THE CALIFORNIA TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT ACT PY - 1979/11 SP - 74 p. AB - The Transportation Development Act (TDA) establishes a local transportation fund from sales tax money returned to the county of source. The fund is controlled by the designating Regional Transportation Planning Agency (RTPA) which determines the accounts for 'off the top' expenses as well as amounts designated for public transportation service. This report deals with an analysis of the fund distribution process under the California TDA. The report discusses an analysis of the fund flow process to the Regional Transportation Planning Agencies (RTPAs), lists the State suballocation requirements in greater detail, and a survey report on regional suballocation of TDA monies to transit properties concludes the study. The purpose of this study is to show how transit money is distributed in California particularly as related to transit performance, what was intended by the legislation, and what were some of the results to date. KW - Allocations KW - Budgeting KW - California KW - Cost allocation KW - Counties KW - Distribution systems KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Laws KW - Local government KW - Performance KW - Physical distribution KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Taxation KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330630 AU - Strickland, L R AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION: FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS PY - 1979/11 SP - 64 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fare collection KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00330632 AU - Sulek, J AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION--SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PY - 1979/11 SP - 38 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Fare collection KW - Rapid transit KW - Ticketing KW - Ticketing systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/163685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308035 AU - Wilmington Metro Area Planning Coordinating County TI - MARKETING RESEARCH PROJECT FOR THE DELAWARE AUTHORITY FOR REGIONAL TRANSIT PY - 1979/11 SP - 90 p. AB - The DART Planning Program was designed to define and coordinate future requirements for the Delaware Authority for Regional Transit (DART). The program consists of ten separate tasks (Tasks A through J) and will result in ten separate reports. This Marketing Research Project (Task C of the DART Planning Program) purports to gather the necessary data to determine how DART can best promote their services to the public, as well as, to relate the data gathering process and the formats in which that data is available, and the general level of acceptability and implications associated with the data. The object of this data gathering phase was to obtain a one percent sample of the population within the entire New Castle County portion of the Wilmington Urbanized Area plus selected contiguous areas, and to compare their needs and opinions to those of the general public. Data was gathered through Mail-Out Surveys and On-Board Bus Surveys. Survey data was processed by the College of Urban Affairs and Public Policy/University of Delaware; this processing resulted in numerous formats of data presentation. The report concludes that results of both surveys indicate a high rate of "choice" transit riders, those who have the available income and available automobile to make the trip when the bus option was chosen. The WILMAPCO staff is of the opinion that this data collection phase was successful with very limited exceptions. /UMTA/ KW - Data collection KW - Market research KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144640 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325346 AU - Edelstein, P AU - Applied Resources Integration, Limited AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE EASYRIDE SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PY - 1979/11 SP - 354 p. AB - The evaluation of the EASYRIDE demonstration project was funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, through the Transportation Systems Center. The project took place on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City. EASYRIDE began operation as a pilot program in June 1976. After receiving its complete vehicle fleet, it began full scale operations in April 1977. During the first two years of the demonstration project, there was no required passenger fare; however, donations were accepted. This evaluation report covers the first two full years of operation, which was from June 1977 through May 1979. EASYRIDE has been granted an additional two-year demonstration extension, and as a result, the project is still in operation. Results of this evaluation indicate that EASYRIDE provides about 3,000 one-way trips per month at an average hourly cost of $27.34 and the average cost per trip is about $12.87. The Vera Institute of Justice was the grantee for this project in which door-thru-door demand-responsive transportation service was provided to elderly and handicapped residents of the Lower East Side. The door-thru-door nature of the project refers to the fact that EASYRIDE drivers will leave the vehicle to assist passengers boarding and alighting from the vehicle. Service was provided by five fully accessible lift-equipped vans and five regular vans. Most of the drivers for the EASYRIDE project were graduates of the Wildcat Corporation program which trains rehabilitated ex-offenders and ex-addicts for work on public service projects. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration projects KW - Door to door service KW - Free fares KW - Free transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special service UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00325348 AU - Cook, A R AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT CASE STUDIES: OVERVIEW PY - 1979/11 SP - 97 p. AB - This report is on element of a set of curriculum materials to support university class and professional short course training in local paratransit planning. These materials were developed under a University and Training Grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration entitled "Paratransit Service Planning Workshops". This report presents an overview of the paratransit field and the following five case study documents which are a part of the curriculum materials: (1) "The Seattle/King County Commuter Pool Program--Paratransit and Rush Hour Congestion" (PB80-103245, A04); (2) "Knoxville, Tennessee Commuter Pool--Matching Markets to Modes with Paratransit Brokering" (PB80-103286, A04); (3) "Colonial Taxi Company of Bethel Park, Pennsylvnaia--Private Enterprise in Paratransit" (PB80-103252, A04); (4) "The Dial-A-Bat Paratransit Service of Brockton, Massachusetts, Area Transit--Public Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation" (PB80-103278, A04); and (5) "The Paratransit Services of the Choanoke Area (North Carolina) Development Association--Rural Transit in Coordinated Human Services Transportation" (PB80-103260, A03). In an attempt to capture some of the diverse elements of paratransit and more toward a synthesis of paratransit development, the authors have developed these five case studies of local paratransit organizations which have successfully implemented paratransit services. They encompass a broad range of modes, market applicatons, and institutional structures. Each case study was developed around a common analysis framework, and all facets to service development were investigated. The purpose of this overview is principally to introduce the analysis framework for these case studies and provide pertinent historical background information. It also summarizes the case study experiences, and comments on technology transfer in paratransit service development. In addition, the case study experiences are compared with national statistics and experience. (UMTA) KW - Carpools KW - Case studies KW - Commuting KW - Curricula KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxicabs KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/158049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311304 AU - Rosenbloom, S AU - Pio, A AU - Hickman, J F AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST-EFFECTIVENESS MEASURES FOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED, VOLUME I PY - 1979/10/31 SP - 269 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the costs of different types of transportation service provision to the elderly and handicapped and to develop methods by which transportation planners and social service agencies could evaluate and estimate the costs and effectiveness of such alternatives. The study was designed with two distinct audiences in mind: 1) to provide information on the cost and effectivesss of alternative models of service delivery for use by national and state policy planners; and 2) to present local planners with easy-to-understand methods to estimate the costs they would incur in providing transportation to their clients and to evaluate both the cost and service features offered by alternative providers or arrangements in their communities. This is the first of the two volumes that comprise the Final Report of the entire study. This volume was designed with the first audience in mind; it is a comprehensive, comparative evaluation of the costs of alternative service arrangements. This volume consists of three chapters. Chapter One considers how and why costs are measured differently by different analysts and suggests valid ways that public expenses may be calculated and measured. Chapter Two presents a comparative analysis of the costs and service characteristics of a range of transportation providers across the United States. Chapter Three examines the impact of the provision of specialized transportation services to the transportation handicapped on both the travel behavior of aided travellers and on possibly competitive service providers. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Handbooks KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special service KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149638 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00326449 AU - Hsu, TTC AU - Dade County, Florida AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATIC AND DYNAMIC TESTS OF FULL SCALE DOUBLE-TEE GIRDERS FOR DADE COUNTY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1979/10/10 SP - 164 p. AB - Metropolitan Dade County, Florida, is now in the process of building a new rapid transit system of about 50 miles. The first-stage construction of this new system scheduled for completion in 1984, consists of 22.5 miles, and includes 21.5 miles of aerial guideways. The aerial structures to be used for the guideways are prestressed concrete double-tee girders, which is a first in the use of such a structure in a U.S. transit system. In view of large capital investment involved, and the fact that a double-tee has not been used on any rapid rail transit system, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration agreed to fund full-scale tests. These tests were to serve three purposes: (1) to prove the adequacy of all design methods; (2) to check some of the construction and reinforcement details; and (3) to verify the dynamic performance of the girders. Demonstration tests were carried out on three full-size 80 feet long by 5 feet deep by 12 feet wide precast prestressed double-tee girders proposed for the aerial guideways. Two of the three girders cast in Miami were shipped by rail to P.C.A. Laboratories in Skokie, Illinois for extensive static and dynamic testing, with the third girder kept in Miami to monitor camber and loss of prestress. Static test results of uncracked and deliberately precracked girders showed that service torsional rotations, which were in close agreement with a theoretical mixed torsion analysis, were small enough to ensure rider comfort. Fatigue resistance of the girders was fully established by two separate test spectra involving 5 and 6 million cycles of loading representing the cumulative damage of sixty years of operational life. No deterioration whatsoever was observed in terms of flexural and torsional stiffness, crack propagation, or strand stresses. Post-cracking behavior of the girders showed adequate strength and ductility with an ultimate capacity of 1.6 times the required factored severe derailment loading including 100% impact. This test report concludes that the excellent behavior of the girders from serviceability and strength considerations, substantiated all the design analyses and details used. KW - Beams KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic structural analysis KW - Dynamic tests KW - Elevated structures KW - Fatigue tests KW - Girder bridges KW - Girders KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Miami-Dade Transit KW - Prestressed concrete KW - Prestressing KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Static tests KW - Structural supports KW - Supports KW - T beams UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/162320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305744 AU - Smerk, G M AU - Dodge, S A AU - Lee, C M AU - Gunning, J L AU - Babbitt, J H AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HANDBOOK FOR MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE AUDITS. VOLUME I PY - 1979/10 SP - 100 p. AB - A management performance audit is a comprehensive examination and evaluation of a transit system's goals and objectives and the procedures it uses to accomplish these goals and objectives. The audit takes into account the resources with which the system has to work and the constraints under which it must operate. The Handbook introduces decision makers in transit properties, municipalities, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and State Departments of Transportation to the concepts and techniques involved in management performance audits. The Handbook shares the authors' experience in auditing with other organizations that may conduct audits of transit systems or that train future transit managers, and provides managers of small and medium-sized systems with tools for improving practices and procedures. The Handbook is comprised of two volumes. This volume, Volume I, describes the theory and technique of carrying out a management performance audit. The history and benefits of the audit are introduced; a description of the characteristics of a transit system including its social, political, and economic environment, its governing body, and its internal functions such as maintenance and transportation are addressed; and a discussion of the auditor's procedures from the planning of the audits to preparing the written report is presented. KW - Accounting KW - Auditing KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Handbooks KW - Labor relations KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Quality of work KW - Questionnaires KW - Safety KW - Services KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305745 AU - Smerk, G M AU - Dodge, S A AU - Lee, C M AU - Humpf, J J AU - Gunning, J L AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HANDBOOK FOR MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE AUDITS. VOLUME II PY - 1979/10 SP - 186 p. AB - The Handbook introduces decision makers in transit properties, municipalities, Metropolitan Planning Organizations, and State Departments of Transportation to the concepts and techniques involved in management performance audits. Volume II, is a field guide consisting of outlines and questionnaires used in conducting an audit. The outlines and questionnaires are provided for each characteristic of a transit system including its external environment, its governing body, and its internal functions such as maintenance, transportation, accounting, and finance. The outlines give the auditor a guide for collecting data by way of interviewing employees and other individuals involved with the transit system. The questions provide technical detail that an auditor must collect from each functional area. KW - Accounting KW - Auditing KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Handbooks KW - Level of service KW - Maintenance KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Quality of work KW - Questionnaires KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337877 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT PY - 1979/10 SP - 273p-in 5v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172270 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472825 AU - AFL-CIO Appalachian Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROJECT NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY PY - 1979/10 SP - 110 p. AB - A needs assessment survey was undertaken to establish a broad picture of the blue-collar training needs of the transit industry in the Appalachian region and of those characteristics of the individual properties which relate to the development and delivery of training; to establish, within this broad framework, training priorities for specific properties, training topics, and different types of training resources; and to provide a systematic basis for the organization, development, and delivery of training programs to transit properties which would be appropriate to their individual needs. The survey consisted of five interviews and covered the states of Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland/District of Columbia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Survey properties were those having 20 vehicles or more. Respondents noted that training was very important and worth its expense, but received too little attention, current training programs were adequate, but do not prepare employees for more complex problems, and though they were willing to consider regional training centers, few were willing to provide support towards such endeavors. KW - Data collection KW - Needs assessment KW - Surveys KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371573 AU - Benjamin, D E AU - JONES, G M AU - Ruprecht, G F AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, PHASE II. VOLUME 5: SYSTEMS OPERATION PY - 1979/10 SP - 133 p. AB - The AIRTRANS system at the Dallas/Fort Worth (D/FW) Airport has been operating successfully since the airport's opening in January 1974. The AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program (AUTP) was structured in a two-phase program. Phase I was completed in 1977, and it covered the development and demonstration of the improvements necessary for higher speed operation, while maintaining or improving reliability, availability, cost and performance characteristics of the overall system. An engineering test vehicle (T365) was used to demonstrate baseline and improved performance of the system. This report describes the systems operation portions of the Phase II AUTP. The objective of this system operation study was to determine the effects of several improvements on AIRTRANS operation. Among the improvements investigated and reported herein were increased speed, increased system capacity, additional bypasses and sidings, additional failure management strategies and demand mode operation. Much of this analysis was performed using ASIM, the AIRTRANS simulation model. Additional simulation work was performed using Vought's demand-responsive automated transit simulation model (DRATS) and the Transportation Systems Center's discrete event simulation model (DESM). This study has significantly expanded the understanding of the complex interrelations of AIRTRANS and other AGT systems of similar complexity. Several findings are significant and documented in this report. KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Capacity KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Intra airport transit KW - Reliability KW - Siding KW - Supply UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184909 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371572 AU - Albach, W C AU - Doores, R A AU - Fewel, R J AU - King, J L AU - Koonce, B L AU - Larson, A R AU - Porterfield, D V AU - Schell, G P AU - Sellers, D F AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM - PHASE II VOLUME 6: SEVERE WEATHER PY - 1979/10 SP - 170 p. AB - AIRTRANS, an Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system built by the Vought Corporation, has provided transit service for passengers at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport since January 1974. This successful deployment of AGT technology prompted the U.S. Congress, the Department of Transportation, and Vought to investigate the extension of this technology. Independent assessments were made by the Transportation Systems Center and by Vought to determine what changes or improvements would be required to operate AIRTRANS in an urban application. The recommendations were: higher operating speeds; better passenger acceptance; reduced capital and operating costs; increased reliability; enhanced all-weather capability; and increased energy efficiency. This report describes the severe weather part of the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program (AUTP). The objective of this task was to identify changes through analysis and test that would allow the AIRTRANS system to be used in urban locales with severe weather environments. These activities included analysis, study, and testing of the vehicle and guideway components and systems which would be exposed to severe weather in urban AGT systems. Many cold and ice tests were performed in the laboratory with components and subsystems installed on test fixtures or on the new vehicle fabricated as a part of the Phase II program. Some items tested satisfactorily, either initially or after changes; others did not. Even though significant progress has been made toward a severe weather capable AIRTRANS, more development is recommended. KW - Adhesion KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Guideways KW - Icing KW - Intra airport transit KW - Snow KW - Steering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318196 AU - Shladover, Steven AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATION OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT VEHICLES IN DYNAMICALLY RECONFIGURED TRAINS AND PLATOONS. VOLUME II. PART III. SYSTEMS OPERATIONS ANALYSIS PY - 1979/10 SP - 236 p. AB - This study shows that the passenger capacity of AGT systems may be significantly increased by operating vehicles in dynamically reconfigured trains or platoons. It is estimated that a minimum lane capacity of 5,000 to 10,000 passengers per hour is needed to make single-party AGT economically competitive with buses and that this capacity requires the use of trains. Trains also offer several non-capacity-related operational advantages. The longitudinal control systems needed to effect dynamic en/extrainment with platoon operations at spacings of 30-60 cm are developed with particular attention to stability, jerk limiting requirements, safety and passenger comfort. The capacity advantage of entraining is demonstrated for a single guideway link and for merge junctions, using Monte Carlo simulation. Variable-slot-length point-follower control is shown to reduce merge delays and maneuver ramp lengths compared with fixed-slot-length methods. The "zero gap" merge scheme developed here produces dramatic improvements compared with conventional merge strategies. The concepts of dynamic entrainment and platooning are shown to deserve more detailed study and testing because of the significant advantages they offer. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic train control KW - Dynamic characteristics KW - Dynamics KW - Headways KW - Kinematics KW - Line capacity KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Monte Carlo method KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Scheduling KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155589 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337881 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT. VOLUME IV: TAX BURDEN ESTIMATING PROCEDURES PY - 1979/10 SP - 40 p. AB - This is the fourth of five volumes of the study on regional or metropolitan-wide taxation to subsidize mass transit. This report provides details of the procedures used in estimating and distributing tax bases across the incomes as well as among the jurisdictions of the metropolitan areas of Atlanta, Georgia, and New York, New York. The report also documents how a wide variety of data sources can be used to derive such allocations for income tax, earnings taxes, sales taxes, and property taxes. Not only does the report specify these data sources in detail but also describes the specific techniques in allocating taxes in the two case study areas of Atlanta and New York City. KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Georgia KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337879 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT. VOLUME II: ATLANTA CASE STUDY PY - 1979/10 SP - 49 p. AB - Increasing mass transit deficits and declining central city fiscal strength generated strong interest in regional taxation for transit. The main focus of this study is on regional or metropolitan-wide taxation to subsidize mass transit. The metropolitan areas studied are Atlanta, Georgia, and New York, New York. Both areas provide excellent comparisons for regional taxation. New York has no direct regional taxation and the majority of mass transit service exists within the central city boundaries. Atlanta, in contrast, has a regional transit tax and a regional service pattern for mass transit. This volume, volume 2 of 5 volumes, examines tax burdens in the city of Atlanta and the two metropolitan counties of DeKalb and Fulton. Burdens of earnings taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, and a state income tax surcharge are compared with each other as alternative tools for financing mass transit deficits. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Georgia KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337880 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT. VOLUME III: NEW YORK CITY CASE STUDY PY - 1979/10 SP - 78 p. AB - Increasing mass transit deficits and declining central city fiscal strength generated strong interest in regional taxation for transit. The main focus of this study is on regional or metropolitan-wide taxation to subsidize mass transit. The metropolitan areas studied are Atlanta, Georgia, and New York, New York. Both areas provide excellent comparisons for regional taxation. New York has no direct regional taxation and the majority of mass transit service exits within the central city boundaries. Atlanta, in contrast, has a regional transit tax and a regional service pattern for mass transit. This volume, volume 3 of 5 volumes, is a case study of the distribution of tax burdens in the New York City metropolitan area under alternative central city and regional tax systems. Earnings taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, and a state income tax surcharge are compared in terms of their tax burdens by income class. Comparisons are made for New York City and the counties of Nassau, Rockland, Suffolk, and Westchester. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337882 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT. VOLUME V: CONSTRUCTION OF METROPOLITAN INCOME DISTRIBUTION FOR ATLANTA AND NEW YORK CITY PY - 1979/10 SP - 50 p. AB - The main focus of this study is on regional or metropolitan-wide taxation to subsidize mass transit. This report, the fifth and final volume of the final report, is essentially a technical appendix to the body of the final report; however, it does provide considerable detail on a procedure capable of combining and reconciling several sets of existing income data and distribution data so as to generate a more comprehensive definition of metropolitan area income than is currently available in any single published source. This volume describes the procedures used to estimate income distribution for the Atlanta, Georgia, and the New York City regions. The estimating procedures involve six steps: (1) aggregation of census income data from six sources into four sources that are comparable among the data sets used in this procedure; (2) distribution of income from these four sources across income classes; (3) use of an iterative technique to insure that these income imputations conform to the reported or estimated source and class totals for each area; (4) correction of census income distribution estimates for underreporting and for the exclusion of certain forms of earned income; (5) addition of capital gains income to census income; and (6) inclusion of the imputed value of owner-occupied housing. The operations stated may be employed to construct income distributions for the entire SMSA, for a central city, for the outside central city areas of the metropolitan area, and for other large individual jurisdictions within the SMSA. KW - Census KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Data analysis KW - Estimating KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Georgia KW - Income KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Physical distribution KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Regulations KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00337878 AU - McHugh, R AU - Puryear, D L AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR MASS TRANSIT. VOLUME I: SUMMARY PY - 1979/10 SP - 56 p. AB - Increasing mass transit deficits and declining central city fiscal strength generated strong interest in regional taxation for transit. This report, volume 1 of 5 volumes, summarizes the other four volumes of the study and presents the results of two case studies regarding the distribution of tax burdens under alternative central city and regional financing systems. The main focus of the study is on regional or metropolitan-wide taxation to subsidize mass transit. The study examines an earnings tax, a sales tax, a property tax, and a surcharge to state income taxes, each levied on a central city and a regional basis in two case study areas--Atlanta and New York City. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Georgia KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - New York (State) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Regional planning KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/169241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314071 AU - Pue, A J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONTROL LAW IMPLEMENTATION FOR SHORT HEADWAY VEHICLE-FOLLOWER AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT (AGT) SYSTEMS PY - 1979/10 SP - 181 p. AB - Automated guideway transit (AGT) systems are a new class of urban transport in which automatically controlled vehicles operate on dedicated guideway networks. This report examines the implementation of a vehicle-follower control law for short headway AGT systems in terms of required sensor accuracy, controller structure, and data transmission requirements. In this report controller configurations are recommended for headways of 0.5 and 3.0 s that require an 8 bit uplink word at intervals of 0.1 and 0.5 s, respectively. Accomplishments, recommendations, and areas for further study are also presented. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Control KW - Controllers KW - Feedback control KW - Headways KW - Kinematics KW - Physical properties KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Sensor characteristics KW - Sensors KW - Spacing KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle spacing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314011 AU - Jacobsen, R S AU - Schultz, C M AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM - PHASE II. VOLUME 2: IMPROVED PASSENGER COMMUNICATIONS PY - 1979/10 SP - 54 p. AB - AIRTRANS, an Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system built by the Vought Corporation, has provided transit service for passengers at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport since January 1974. This successful deployment of AGT technology prompted the investigation of the extension of the technology. Independent assessments were made by the Transportation Systems Center and by Vought to determine what changes or improvements would be required to operate AIRTRANS in an urban application. The recommendations were: higher operating speeds; better passenger acceptance; reduced capital and operating costs; increased reliability; enhanced all-weather capability; and increased energy efficiency. The AUTP was structured into a two-phase program. Phase I was completed in 1977. The first phase covered the development and demonstration of the improvements necessary for higher speed operation, while maintaining or improving reliability, cost, and performance characteristics of the overall system. Using Phase I as a building block, other recommendations for improvements in AIRTRANS for urban applications were addressed in Phase II. This report, Volume 2, covers the Improved Passenger Communications Task activities of the Vought Corporation, during Phase II of the AIRTRANS AUTP. The primary objectives of the program were to design, build, and demonstrate: (1) an onboard television surveillance system; (2) a programmable audio-announcement unit; (3) a dynamic graphic system; and (4) a time-to-arrival display unit for passenger stations. All of these systems were built and successfully demonstrated as part of the operation of a prototype urban AGT vehicle in the Dallas/Fort Worth AIRTRANS system. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Communication KW - Communications KW - Communications management KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Graphic methods KW - Graphics KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Passenger information systems KW - Passenger security KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313205 AU - Cooke, F AU - Elms, C P AU - Muoth, D U AU - Theumer, H A AU - Dooley, T M AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - SUMMARY OF CAPITAL AND OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COST EXPERIENCE OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY TRANSIT SYSTEMS COSTS AND TRENDS FOR THE PERIOD 1976-1978. SUPPLEMENT I PY - 1979/10 SP - 60 p. AB - This costs supplement is presented in the form of a series of tables and figures which summarize the data obtained as well as the results of analysis. Comments and explanatory notes relative to tables/figures are made where appropriate. Also included herein is information on operating and maintenance and capital costs for bus and rail transit; it indicates how AGT cost experience compares with the conventional modes. This report summarizes operations and maintenance cost experience for the following Automated Guideway Transit systems for the period 1976-1978: Airtrans, Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, Texas; Morgantown People Mover, Morgantown, West Virginia; Satellite Transit System, Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Washington; Passenger Shuttle System, Tampa International Airport, Florida; and WEDway People Mover System, Disney World, Florida. Capital cost data on these and the following additional systems are also reviewed: People Mover, Atlanta-Hartsfield International Airport, Georgia; Busch Gardens People Mover, Williamsburg, Virginia; Satellite Transit Shuttle, Miami International Airport, Florida; AGT System, Fairlane Town Center, Dearborn, Michigan; and UMI Tourister AGT System, King's Dominion, Ashland, Virginia. KW - Airports KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capital KW - Capitalized costs KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost estimating KW - Costs KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Maintenance KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operating costs KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Structural design KW - Tampa (Florida) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150523 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305812 AU - Watt, C W AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (MPM) OPERATING, AVAILABILITY, AND MAINTENANCE HISTORY, OCTOBER 1976 THROUGH JUNE 1978 PY - 1979/10 SP - 100 p. AB - The report covers the period of operation, dependability, and maintenance history of the Morgantown system (now known as the Morgantown People Mover - MPM) from October 1976 through June 1978. System performance in general improved greatly during this period. System availability on an annual basis rose from .880 for the year 1975-76 to .977 for the year 1977-78. Single vehicle reliability, as expressed in terms of mean time between downtime events, rose from approximately 85 hours at the end of the first year to approximately 150 hours at the end of the second year. The graphs in the report show that performance varied from month to month, but the trend was upward. Sixty-nine component failure types or other causes accounted for all the downtime recorded during the last year. About 61 percent of all the downtime events were due to only 17 causes. The other 39 percent were spread over 53 causes. A complete computer printout of the entire Morgantown data base is found in the Appendix of the report. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Components KW - Evaluation KW - Failure KW - Failure analysis KW - Level of service KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operations KW - People movers KW - Performance KW - Reliability KW - Services KW - Urban transportation KW - West Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304763 AU - Wilkins, J D AU - Schwartz, A AU - PARKINSON, T E AU - Chase Rosen and Wallace, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TROLLEY COACH DEVELOPMENT AND STATE OF THE ART: TASK I REPORT FOR THE ELECTRIC TROLLEY BUS FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1979/10 SP - 269 p. AB - Trolley coaches achieved their greatest level of use in the early 1950's when over 6500 vehicles were employed on 54 systems in North America. However, from the early 1950's through the early 1970's, the trolley coach (TC) disappeared as fast as it had appeared in the previous twenty years. By 1975, only ten systems in North America still retained TC operations. In the U.S. these included Boston, Philadelphia, Dayton, Seattle, and San Francisco; in Canada, Toronto, Hamilton, Edmonton, and Vancouver; and in Mexico, Mexico City. These systems are discussed herein, as well as the reasons for the TC demise. This report presents a brief history of TC operation in North America and a description of currently operating TC systems. TC technology is described and illustrated, including vehicles, propulsion and control systems and overhead wire and fittings. Operational characteristics of the TC are also described, including its suitability for application in various situations and requirements for trolley coach system design. Environmental effects of TC operation are analyzed, as are user impacts. This report describes and contrasts trolley coaches and TC facilities now in use in North America and Europe. KW - Bus routes KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Electric vehicles KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Operations KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Trolleybuses KW - Urban transportation KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318195 AU - Cook, C W AU - Berkshire County Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BERKSHIRE REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY: TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1979/10 SP - 145 p. AB - Many transit operators have a need for an evaluation system which can measure existing service performance. To assist these operators, UMTA has been funding, through its Section 8 Technical Studies Program, local studies in service evaluations. The purpose of these studies is to evaluate existing transit service and to develop recommendations and plans for service improvements. This document summarizes the local evaluation study of the transit service provided by the Berkshire Regional Transit Authority (BRTA) in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. The purpose of the study was to review and evaluate the current transit services provided by the BRTA and to develop recommendations for service modifications which utilize low cost techniques to improve operating effectiveness. In this study, emphasis is on the three new routes in Pittsfield, the overall fare structure, and the priority locations for bus stop shelters. To collect the necessary information for this evaluation, a loading survey was conducted. This survey provided information on maximum loading, hourly ridership, passenger miles of travel and average trip length by route. The report serves as an excellent example of service evaluation within a small transit system. KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Effectiveness KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Level of service KW - Massachusetts KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operations KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Trip length KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56610/transitservicee0900berk_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155588 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313231 AU - Kain, J F AU - Fauth, G R AU - Harvard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF URBAN EXPRESSWAYS: COMBINING TSM (TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT) TECHNIQUES AND TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1979/10 SP - 95 p. AB - This is the second phase of a two-part study, which summarizes an analysis of Transportation Systems Management (TSM) and other low capital cost techniques to increase the productivity of urban expressways and streets in dense, built-up areas. Using CORSIM, a variant of the TASSIM land-use transportation model, this analysis examines the benefits and costs of implementing alternative combinations of TSM techniques and transit improvement policies. Of the composite policies tested, expressway ramp metering with an average delay of nine minutes, assuming an improved bus transit system charges $0.7 per mile, is the most feasible cost-effective option. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Central business districts KW - Central city KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Expressways KW - Improvements KW - Land use models KW - Management KW - Mathematical models KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ramps KW - Streets KW - Systems management KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313099 AU - Saurenman, H J AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND COSTS OF METHODS TO CONTROL URBAN RAIL SYSTEM NOISE. SECOND TEST SERIES REPORT PY - 1979/10 SP - 202 p. AB - The goal of the project is to provide sufficient information to allow a transit system with given track and car conditions and budgetary constraints to determine the mix of available noise control methods which will result in the greatest overall benefit. Included in this benefit evaluation is the reduction of noise radiated to adjacent communities and the reduction of patron noise exposure. This project is designed to provide information on both the long-term and short-term costs and effectiveness of various wheel/rail noise abatement procedures if implemented on typical urban rail systems in the United States. This interim report presents the results of the final four phases of a seven-phase test program to determine the acoustic and economic effectiveness of resilient wheels, damped wheels, wheel truing, and rail grinding for reducing wheel/rail noise on urban rail transit systems. KW - Acoustic measurement KW - Acoustic measuring instruments KW - Acoustics KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Communities KW - Corrugated rail KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Field tests KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Performance evaluations KW - Railroad tracks KW - Railroad transportation KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Resilience (Materials) KW - Sound level KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration KW - Vibration levels KW - Wheel grinding KW - Wheel screech noise KW - Wheel truing KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150469 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305884 AU - Madigan, R J AU - Chen, M M AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE URBAN RAIL VEHICLE CRASHWORTHINESS WORKSHOP HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS ON APRIL 13-14, 1978 PY - 1979/10 SP - 272 p. AB - The first part of the document contains the research activities presented by the Calspan Corporation, Boeing Vertol Company, and Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute; transit authority experience by Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York, Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA), and New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA); and the manufacturing industry experience by the Budd Company, Franco-Belge (France), and Boeing Vertol. The second part contains the proceedings from the two workshops, namely, crashworthiness and rail car design and test and evaluation; and the concluding remarks from the Office of Safety and Product Qualification (UMTA), and from the Transit Systems Branch (TSC). The major recommendations from the group fall into two categories: (1) The need for (industry-wide) vehicle design engineering guidelines including structural criteria and passenger compartment criteria; and (2) The need for validating these criteria through programs of test and evaluation. KW - Car design KW - Crashworthiness KW - Europe KW - Evaluation KW - Industries KW - Meetings KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Structural design KW - Technology KW - Tests KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144197 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00322282 AU - Kain, J F AU - Fauth, G R AU - Harvard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF URBAN EXPRESSWAYS: COMBINING TSM TECHNIQUES AND TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/10 SP - 13 p. AB - This is the second phase of a two-part study, which summarizes an analysis of Transportation Systems Management (TSM) and other low capital cost techniques to increase the productivity of urban expressways and streets in dense, built-up areas. Using CORSIM, a variant of the TASSIM land-use transportation model, this analysis examines the benefits and costs of implementing alternative combinations of TSM techniques and transit improvement policies. In Volume I, the costs and beneifts of implementing four alternative TSM policies in Boston's central area were estimated. This volume focuses on expressway management policies and transit improvements for Boston's southeast Corridor. Four TSM techniques: a contra-flow lane for buses; a concurrent-flow lane, ramp metering with bus priority, and automobile tolls, are considered in conjunction with five alternative transit systems offering different combinations of travel times and fares. Also, the impacts of a parking surcharge were simulated for all central area commuters, along with the various toll and metering policies. Of the composite policies tested, expressway ramp metering with an average delay of nine minutes, assuming an improved bus transit system charges $0.7 per mile, is the most feasible cost-effective option. While other composite policies would yield larger net benefits, they have little hope of achieving public, bureaucratic, and political acceptance at the present time. (UMTA) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus lanes KW - Expressways KW - Impact studies KW - Improvements KW - Productivity KW - Ramp metering KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/156679 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00311295 AU - Ludwick, J S AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LORAN POSITION DETERMINATION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: A COMPARISON OF THREE TECHNIQUES PY - 1979/10 SP - 52 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration and the Transportation Systems Center are developing a multi-user Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM) system to be deployed in a demonstration in Los Angeles. The basic fixed route location subsystem for buses utilizes low-power, high-frequency "signposts" at intervals along the routes covered. Signposts also will be installed throughout a portion of the Central Business District (CBD), including the high rise area, at a density high enough to provide sufficient accuracy for random route vehicles in this area. In addition, a number of vehicles will be instrumented with a hybrid location subsystem, also including a Loran-C receiver and differential odometer, for operation over the entire 400 square miles of the Los Angeles Basin. This report documents the evaluation of three commonly used techniques for conversion of Loran time-difference-of-arrival measurements to position estimates. The comparison was designed to determine whether one particular technique was substantially superior with respect to accuracy performance and costs to the others and also attempts to ascertain which technique, if any, might be appropriate for a non-signpost random route application. All techniques gave approximately the same accuracy: mean and 95th percentile errors over a 30 square mile area including the CBD, were approximately 650 feet and 1,700 feet respectively, while for the entire 400 square mile area, the figures were approximately 1,500 feet and 2,800 feet. Plots of the predicted position versus actual position showed the predictions of all three methods at most points to be relatively near each other. This seems to indicate that the large TD warpages in the Los Angeles area, if not actually random, are not sufficiently regular to be compensated for by standard techniques. (UMTA) KW - Accuracy KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fixed routes KW - Loran KW - Oedometers KW - Radio receivers KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/149635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314059 AU - Gerald, S B AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport Board TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, PHASE II. VOLUME 4: VEHICLE FABRICATION, TESTS AND DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/10 SP - 138 p. AB - The AIRTRANS system at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport, Texas, is representative of automated guideway transit (AGT) as it will likely develop in cities in the United States and around the world. AIRTRANS has provided transit service for passengers at the airport since January 1974. The system is operating with a high percentage of availability and degree of passenger acceptance. The report describes the fabrication, test and demonstration activities of the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program. Improvements to the AIRTRANS AGT system in speed, reliability, cost, and all-weather capability for urban application have been evaluated. The primary objective of fabrication was to convert the Phase I test vehicle (T365) into a prototype AGT system suitable for urban application. Vehicle tests were made to evaluate and verify system and subsystem designs. Demonstration and revenue operations were accomplished at the airport. Detailed results of the above activities, conclusions, and implications for urban usage are presented. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Availability KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150815 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314074 AU - Albach, W C AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Dallas/Fort Worth Regional Airport Board TI - AIRTRANS URBAN TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, PHASE II. VOLUME 3: VEHICLE AND WAYSIDE SUBSYSTEMS PY - 1979/10 SP - 123 p. AB - AIRTRANS, an Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) system, has provided transit service for passengers at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport since January 1974. The successful deployment of AGT technology prompted the investigation for the extension of this technology. The report describes the results of the vehicle and wayside subsystem task of the AIRTRANS Urban Technology Program. Improvements to the AIRTRANS AGT system to achieve reduced maintenance cost, increased reliability, improved energy efficiency and all-weather capability for urban applications have been evaluated, analyzed, tested and demonstrated to enhance urban suitability. The demonstration was accomplished by fabricating an urban prototype vehicle and placing it in test operation in the AIRTRANS system at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. The prototype vehicle improvements were made in the steering, propulsion, power collection, vehicle coupling, pneumatic, air compressor, door actuation, environmental control and suspension subsystems, and in vehicle maintenance access. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Energy conservation KW - Maintainability KW - Reliability KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150828 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00372458 AU - Kaye, I AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Transportation Research Board TI - AIR TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS: SOME FUTURE PROSPECTS PY - 1979/09 SP - p. 126-129 AB - This paper discusses the small community air service problem and the trade offs between communications and transportation. U1 - Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Rural Public Transportation, held June 1979, in Vail, Colorado. StartDate:00000 EndDate:00000 KW - Air transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Future concepts KW - Innovation KW - Rural areas KW - Telecommunications KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/188900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371599 AU - Coleman, D B AU - Graye, E S AU - Howard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEGOTIATING THE SUBWAY BY THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED: METRO A CASE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1979/09 SP - 312 p. AB - This report presents the results of a one year research project designed around a case study of the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan rapid rail (METRO). It also reviews the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system and the Toronto, Ontario, subway system, namely, in terms of their "barrier freeness" and accessibility. The objective of the research was to determine if the METRO subway is indeed usable by the elderly and handicapped (E&H). This determination would reflect upon the sufficiency of the design criteria instituted to insure accessibility by the E&H. These criteria, available in the regulations of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), are entitled Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by, the Physically Handicapped (A-117.1). The methodology employed in this research included: a literature review; a sample survey of 123 E&H persons; on-site observations of METRO and other selected subway systems; and open-ended interviews with transit planners, rehabilitation and geriatric professionals, representatives of advocate organizations for the E&H. This research led to the finding that major barriers to the accessibility of METRO by the E&H exist because of the awkward location of some facilities, and the inappropriate or unreliable operation of accessibility equipment. In addition, because of their limited scope, the design criteria by which METRO was constructed were found to be insufficient in guaranteeing the usability of rapid rail systems by this target group. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rapid transit KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Toronto Transit Commission KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371600 AU - Coleman, D B AU - Graye, E S AU - Howard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEGOTIATING THE SUBWAY BY THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED: METRO A CASE STUDY. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/09 SP - 11 p. AB - This is the executive summary of the final report (UMTA-DC-11-0006-80-2), and it presents an overview of the results of a one year research project designed around a case study of the Washington Metropolitan heavy rail system (METRO). The objective of the research was to determine if METRO subway is indeed usable by the elderly and handicapped (E&H). This determination would reflect upon the sufficiency of the design criteria instituted to insure accessibility by this population. These criteria, available in the regulations of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), are entitled Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by, the Physically Handicapped (A-117.1). This study which focused on the METRO subway also reviewed the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and the Toronto, Ontario, subway in terms of their "barrier freeness" and accessibility. This report presents the methodology employed in this research, namely: a literature review; a sample survey of 123 E&H persons; on-site observations of METRO and other selected subway systems; and open-ended interviews with transit planners, rehabilitation and geriatric professionals, representatives of advocate organizations for the E&H. The report also provides an overview of the findings and results; facility location problems; operational problems; and off-route barriers. One of the conclusions reached herein is that ANSI-117.1 is insufficient in guaranteeing the usability of rapid systems by the E&H. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Rapid transit KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Toronto Transit Commission KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313258 AU - Stern, J L AU - Rubenfeld, S AU - DENNIS, B AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTHEAST LABOR-MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE ON ISSUES IN URBAN TRANSIT HELD AT HARRISON CONFERENCE CENTER, GLEN COVE, NEW YORK ON APRIL 18-20, 1979 PY - 1979/09 SP - 38 p. AB - The report summarizes the four topics that were discussed at the conference and that were originally selected by an advisory committee consisting of union and management, namely: (1) new UMTA programs; (2) paratransit; (3) shop floor labor-management relations; and (4) part-time employment. For each topic a summary is provided for the problems cited by the participants, the recommendations for solving these problems, and specific suggestions for UMTA policy and program development. KW - Administration KW - Conferences KW - Employment KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Meetings KW - Paratransit services KW - Personnel KW - Policy KW - Problem solving KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150560 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313097 AU - Dewey, R W AU - Pacific Consultants AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONSTRUCTION OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS: THE CHALLENGE OF MORE COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/09 SP - 106 p. AB - The goal of the conference was to seek input from the construction community on improving the use of public funds and insight into identifying new ways to control and reduce cost of construction of urban rail transit systems in the United States. The conference was organized into four sections and addressed the following topics: Transportation Overview, Transit Assistance Program, Technology Development and Deployment, and Policy; Owners' Point of View, Designers' Point of View, and Contractors' Point of View; Insurance and Bonding, Value Engineering, Construction Management; and Management R&D Review, Technology R&D Review, and Test Sections. KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Cost control KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cost engineering KW - Costs KW - Development KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Meetings KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad transportation KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Technology KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305920 AU - Gary, M J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL AND RELIABILITY PROJECT. VOLUME 8: VLCR DATA BASE PY - 1979/09 SP - 217 p. AB - This document provides a catalog of the data base material gathered and classified as part of the Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Reliability (VLCR) Project. The purpose of this effort is to assemble a comprehensive national data base which will help designers or developers, urban planners, program managers, and government officials evaluate and select automated guideway transit (AGT) systems. The VLCR data base incorporates the results of the VLCR Project, that is, final contractual deliverables, illustrated descriptions of domestic and foreign AGT systems, as well as reports describing the procedures and results of the VLCR experimental program. In addition, the data base encompasses a large number of other technical documents dealing with vehicle longitudinal control, command, control, and communication systems, propulsion, braking, reliability, and other related subjects. The basic organization of the VLCR data base catalog consists of two sections: (1) an annotated bibliography, and (2) a subject index. The annotated bibliography offers an alphabetical, sequentially numbered listing of all the documents contained in the data base. It gives complete bibliographical information of these documents so that they can be obtained with reasonable ease through any library service. The subject index is not a dictionary nor a thesaurus. It is an alphabetical compilation of the main concepts used in the base documents. It includes all the keywords listed in the annotated bibliography, as well as entries, subentries, and cross-references. KW - Abstracts KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Bibliographies KW - Braking KW - Command and control systems KW - Command guidance KW - Communication devices KW - Communications KW - Control devices KW - Couplers KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Europe KW - Force KW - Longitudinal forces KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Stability (Mechanics) KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144220 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305866 AU - Bamberg, W AU - Elms, C P AU - Hosenthien, H H AU - Voss, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE MUELLER AEROBUS SYSTEM: THE SYSTEM INSTALLED AND OPERATED FOR THE BUNDESGARTENSCHAU 1975, MANNHEIM, GERMANY PY - 1979/09 SP - 262 p. AB - This report describes the results of an assessment of the Mueller Aerobus System as it was installed and operated for the Bundesgartenschau 1975 (Federal Garden Show 1975) in Mannheim, Germany. This was the first application of this new transportation system which is based on cableway technology. It provided dual direction, scheduled passenger service between two distant points of the Garden Show, from April 18, 1975 to October 19, 1975. The report provides factual engineering information concerning the technical subsystems. System operational performance, system assurance, human interface, and safety and security were assessed. An evaluation of the distribution of capital and operating and maintenance costs, unit costs of service, and equivalent costs is presented. System development and implementation history are also summarized. Information and data for this study were collected from site visits, visits to the developer/manufacturer, interviews with representatives of the operator and system developer and other literature. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cable suspension guideways KW - Cables KW - Control devices KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Electric power KW - Electrical systems KW - Germany KW - Guideways KW - Maintainability KW - Propulsion KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety KW - Safety engineering KW - Suspended structures KW - Systems analysis KW - Technology KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144190 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00342510 AU - Reinl, H G AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY OF WHEELCHAIR-LOADING AND SECUREMENT EQUIPMENT (THE EFFECTS OF PANIC STOPS ON UNSECURED WHEELCHAIRS IN TRANSIT BUSES) PY - 1979/09 SP - n.p. AB - During the conduct of research on the safety of loading and securement hardware for transporting wheelchair users, a question frequently asked was "what are the effects of "panic stops" on an unsecured wheelchair being transported in a large transit bus and held in place only by the wheelchair brakes?" A series of tests were performed at various speeds and deceleration rates which would be expected in normal bus operations. A live subject occupied an unsecured wheelchair positioned both side and forward facing in a 35 foot transit bus. Reactions during normal turning maneuvers were also tested. This report gives the results of the unsecured wheelchair tests. KW - Accessibility KW - Braking KW - Buses KW - Deceleration KW - Design load KW - Equipment KW - Equipment for handicapped KW - Passenger comfort KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/172316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00309523 AU - Sloan, A R AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGING SEPTA STRATEGICALLY PY - 1979/09 SP - 227 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present a way of more effectively managing a public transportation authority, specifically, the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), to enable it to better confront the problems and opportunities it is encountering through an approach which combines management-by-objectives with cost-effectiveness analysis. The approach presented is strategic in both method and scope. Its sweep is region-wide and long term; but it also deals with the local and the immediate. In doing so, it serves as a surrogate for the profit motive of private enterprise. A decision process is described, which involves expressing an organization's functions as discrete projects related to a clearly defined set of objectives, and then comparing the projects through cost-effectiveness analysis. The involvement of management, employees and citizens, along with the effect of responsibility and reward on job performance, is discussed. The environment in which SEPTA must function in the years to come is considered by examining a set of possible alternative regional futures, market share, and the land use-public transportation relationship. An attempt is made to compare the performance of a variety of SEPTA modes serving two different density-defined areas. The report presents a goals structure for SEPTA, consistent with this decision and encompassing the regional concerns identified earlier. Using this goals structure, the study tests various sample projects for cost-effectiveness. Throughout this report, an emphasis is placed on reinforcement-the pooling of resources by SEPTA and other parties to achieve mutual objectives. (FHWA) KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Land use planning KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/148711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305917 AU - Deibel, L E AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION. VOLUME III: HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS PY - 1979/09 SP - 78 p. AB - This 4-volume study discusses the European SSFC system and the relative merits of the alternative approaches to self-service with respect to their application in the United States. Volume III describes the equipment commonly used to support self-service operations in Europe and discusses the policy and design options which are presented during the selection and specification of equipment for self-service operations. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automation KW - Canada KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Equipment design KW - Europe KW - Fare collection KW - Hardware KW - Level of service KW - Payment KW - Penalties KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - Selecting KW - Services KW - Specifications KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144218 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305821 AU - Sloan, A R AU - Office of Science and Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGING SEPTA (SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY) STRATEGICALLY PY - 1979/09 SP - 227 p. AB - A decision process is described, which involves expressing an organization's functions as discrete projects related to a clearly defined set of objectives, and then comparing the projects through cost-effectiveness analysis. The involvement of management, employees and citizens, along with the effect of responsibility and reward on job performance, is discussed. The environment in which SEPTA must function in the years to come is considered by examining a set of possible alternative regional futures, market share, and the land use-public transportation relationship. An attempt is made to compare the performance of a variety of SEPTA modes serving two different density-defined areas. The report presents a goals structure for SEPTA consistent with this decision and encompassing the regional concerns identified earlier. Using this goals structure, the study tests various samples projects for cost-effectiveness. Throughout the report, an emphasis is placed on reinforcement - the pooling of resources by SEPTA and other parties to achieve mutual objectives. KW - Budgeting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Land use KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Marketing KW - Pennsylvania KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Strategic planning KW - Systems management KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305814 AU - Stone, T J AU - Austin, J A AU - Siegel, R L AU - Taylor-Harris, A AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - APPLICATION OF TRANSIT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PY - 1979/09 SP - 282 p. AB - Decreasing transit ridership and increasing operating and capital costs have resulted in a situation whereby the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) is requiring transit operators to develop comprehensive data reporting schemes. Transit operators are realizing the need for measurement of transit system productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness, in order to make decisions on where to add, modify, or delete service. The research provides an internal route-specific, performance monitoring tool, and aimed at bus transit performance. The research was devised to yield a specific product, which is a comprehensive decision framework for applying transit performance indicators. Two performance indicators were selected for use in the research, namely, passengers per bus mile and passengers per bus hour. These indicators are used primarily becuse the data are relatively easy to obtain. The application methodology is general, however, in that it can also be used for other route-specific indicators. The decision framework is based upon the statistical decision-making techniques which are used in other fields such as quality control. Two case studies were used in this framework to apply indicators to the measurement of performance of the bus transit systems of the Regional Transportation District of Denver, Colorado, and the Utah Transit Authority of the Salt Lake City, Utah region. Guidelines are given to assist transit operator programs. KW - Buses KW - Criteria KW - Economic efficiency KW - Effectiveness KW - Efficiency KW - Evaluation KW - Level of service KW - Measurement KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routes KW - Services KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00302276 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW-FLOOR ARTICULATED BUS DEMONSTRATION PY - 1979/09 SP - 45 p. AB - This report is documentation of a program to demonstrate the stability and anti-jackknifing capabilities of a low-floor articulated bus to the transit industry. This demonstration intended to show that a high passenger capacity Transbus configuration could be developed embodying the low-floor concept by incorporating anti-jackknifing capabilities in the design and thus, maintain coach stability. For the demonstration program a prototype coach built by the firm of Hamburg-Consult of the Federal Republic of West Germany was demonstrated and evaluated at five sites in the U.S.: the U.S. Department of Transportation in Washington, DC; the Southeastern Michigan Transportation Authority in Detroit, Michigan; the Port Authority of Allegheny County in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Mass Transit Administration of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland. Additional testing and evaluation was conducted at the Treansportation Research Center of Ohio in East Liberty, Ohio. Representatives from United States and Canadian governments, transit authorities, vehicle and component manufacturers, the news media, and the general public observed and rode in the bus during the demonstration period. Data on performance, reactions of drivers, maintenance and management personnel, and on public relations (news media) were collected. The demonstration showed that the low-floor concept, seen in the prototype, is an improvement over current articulated vehicle designs. The low floor allows faster and easier boarding, thus increasing productivity, and offering an advantage to elderly and handicapped persons. The performance and the industry's favorable reaction to the technology at all five sites is evidence of the prototype's demonstrated stability and anti-jackknifing capabilities of a low-floor articulated bus. KW - Aged KW - Articulated vehicles KW - Attitudes KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Personnel KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle performance KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/142432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308111 AU - Doherty, B J AU - Ounanian, D W AU - Maser, K R AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXTRUDED TUNNEL LINING SYSTEM, PHASE I--CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY TESTING PY - 1979/09 SP - 202 p. AB - The Extruded Tunnel Lining System (ETLS) has been conceived as a means of continuously placing the final concrete tunnel lining directly behind a tunnel boring machine. The system will shorten the time required to excavate and line a tunnel section, eliminate the need for primary supports, and thus significantly reduce the cost of tunnel construction. With the goal of demonstrating the feasibility of this concept, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration has contracted with Foster-Miller Associates, Inc. to design, fabricate, and test such a tunnel lining system designed specifically for rock tunnel application. The scope of the program and its three phases are: Phase I: R&D-Resolution of basic technological problems; Phase II: System design, fabrication, and test; and Phase III: System modification, test, and demonstration. This report describes the work completed during the first phase of the program. The report presents a state-of-the-art review of related construction practices, concrete technology, and tunnel liner design methods. The ETLS conceptual design is described. In addition, the results of a development program carried out to formulate a rapid setting concrete for use with the ETLS and a test program to demonstrate the ability to slipform and place that concrete under pressure in a closed form are presented. The ability to slipform a well consolidated slab of the rapid setting Very High Early Cement (VHEC) concrete was demonstrated. The slipformed concrete gained strength rapidly and was self-supporting approximately one hour after the initial addition of water to the concrete. This document contains a Listing of References and the appendix is a Repot of New Technology. (UMTA) KW - Extrusion KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Rapid set concrete KW - Setting (Concrete) KW - Slip form pavers KW - Slip forms KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144684 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313619 AU - Theumer, H A AU - Elms, C P AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE MIAMI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT SATELLITE TRANSIT SHUTTLE SYSTEM PY - 1979/09 SP - 115 p. AB - The report describes and reviews the installation of the automated satellite transit shuttle system at Miami International Airport. The system at Miami is presently under construction and targeted for passenger service in the first quarter of 1980. The guideway connects the International Satellite Building with the Main Terminal and will separate passengers who have to pass through Customs and Immigration Service from those who do not. Two two-vehicle trains can transport up to 16,000 passengers per hour in around-the-clock shuttle service. The report provides a technical review and indepth description of the Miami Airport system in terms of the following: Technical Subsystem Review; System Performance; System Costs; and System Development Process. This report also provides findings from the review, namely: the Miami Airport system lends itself to similar installations transporting passengers between two or more points; the capital cost of this system is within the range of ten other evaluated AGT systems; and the system is completely accessible by the elderly and handicapped. KW - Airports KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Capital KW - Evaluation KW - Florida KW - Level of service KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Services KW - Systems analysis KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305747 AU - Doherty, B J AU - Ounanian, D W AU - Maser, K R AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXTRUDED TUNNEL LINING SYSTEM. PHASE I: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY TESTING PY - 1979/09 SP - 202 p. AB - The Extruded Tunnel Lining System (ETLS) has been conceived as a means of continuously placing the final concrete tunnel lining directly behind a tunnel boring machine. The system will shorten the time required to excavate and line a tunnel section, eliminate the need for primary supports, and thus significantly reduce the cost of tunnel construction. The scope of the program and its three phases are: Phase I: R&D - Resolution of basic technological problems; Phase II: System design, fabrication, and test; and Phase III: System modification, tests, and demonstration. This report describes the work completed during the first phase of the program. The report presents a state-of-the-art review of related construction practices, concrete technology, and tunnel liner design methods. The ETLS conceptual design is described. In addition, the results of a development program carried out to formulate a rapid setting concrete for use with the ETLS and a test program to demonstrate the ability to slipform and place that concrete under pressure in a closed form are presented. The ability to slipform a well consolidated slab of the rapid setting Very High Early Cement (VHEC) concrete was demonstrated. The slipformed concrete gained strength rapidly and was self-supporting approximately one hour after the initial addition of water to the concrete. KW - Boring KW - Building materials KW - Concrete KW - Concrete construction KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Construction KW - Construction management KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Excavation KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Excavation technology KW - Extrusion KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Reviews KW - Slip form pavers KW - Slip forms KW - Specifications KW - State of the art studies KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Tunnels KW - Underground structures KW - Underground supporting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313098 AU - MITRE Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION PY - 1979/08 SP - 410p-in 4v AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/152203 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305892 AU - Bamberg, W AU - Elms, C P AU - Hosenthien, H H AU - Voss, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROOSEVELT ISLAND TRAMWAY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT PY - 1979/08 SP - 210 p. AB - The Roosevelt Island Tramway serves as an urban transit system in New York City. The system is based on conventional cable technology and connects a new urban community on Roosevelt Island in the East River to Manhattan. This system is the first urban transit application based on aerial tramway (cableway) technology and has been in service since May 1976. The goals and objectives of this assessment were to provide information with regard to: (1) factual engineering and operating data concerning the technology which can be used in the planning and implementation of similar cable systems; (2) descriptive information on system performance, economics and ergonomics, which can be used in planning for the assessment of the feasibility of subsequent system installations; and (3) design, development, and implementation experience with cable technology, to determine what has been learned and how future urban installations can most effectively be carried out. The report findings are based on literature searches, Roosevelt Island Tramway documentation, analyses of system records and logs, and observations and interviews during site visits. The report provides factual engineering information concerning the technical subsystems. System operational performance, system assurance, human interface, safety and security were assessed; an evaluation of the distribution of capital and operating maintenance costs is presented; and system development and implementation history are summarized. KW - Aged KW - Control KW - Costs KW - Electric railroads KW - Installation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Level of service KW - Maintainability KW - New York (State) KW - Operations KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Railroad bridges KW - Reliability KW - Roosevelt island KW - Safety KW - Services KW - Telephone KW - Terminal facilities KW - Transmission lines KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144204 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00314050 AU - Cooper, T A AU - Flynn, S AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE LIFT: SPECIAL NEEDS TRANSPORTATION IN PORTLAND, OREGON. FINAL REPORT TRANSIT SERVICES FOR HANDICAPPED AND ELDERLY PERSONS PY - 1979/08 SP - 297 p. AB - The report contains results of the evaluation of the Lift. The purpose of the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration was to test a transit operator's ability to provide demand responsive transportation to handicapped and elderly persons and coordinate this service with contracting social service agencies. Project operation and development, costs, impacts, workability, and cost-effectiveness are discussed in this report. The demonstration proved that a transit operator can coordinate with social service agencies to serve their clients and extend coverage to other transportation handicapped persons who did not previously have access to public transportation. In addition, the project had a substantial impact on the travel behavior of regular users and achieved a high penetration of the wheelchair market. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Transportation KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318462 AU - Gray, M J AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE LATERAL CONTROL AND SWITCHING. VOLUME V. DATA BASE PY - 1979/08 SP - 135 p. AB - Volume V, this report, provides a catalog of the data base material gathered and classified as part of the VLACS project. It contains (1) an annotated bibliography, which includes short summaries of the documents listed, a list of descriptors, and a series of user designators, and (2) a subject index, which includes numerous entries and subentries, and cross-references. The data base lists technical works dealing with vehicle lateral control, switching and steering systems, vehicle dynamics, ride quality, and other related topics. Its purpose is to help planners and designers find the material they need to evaluate and select automated guideway transit (AGT) systems. KW - Abstracts KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Bibliographies KW - Definitions KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Indexing KW - Needs assessment KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Ride quality KW - Steering KW - Structural design KW - Switches KW - Switching KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Weight UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305803 AU - Pue, A J AU - Chiu, H Y AU - Brown, S J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS AND IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR VEHICLE-FOLLOWER CONTROL OF AGT SYSTEMS PY - 1979/08 SP - 327 p. AB - This report presents a new baseline approach for the vehicle-follower for the longitudinal control of Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) vehicles. It is shown that for the short headways (0.5 to 3.0 s) contemplated for such systems, a kinematic constraint on the spacing between vehicles exists during speed transit maneuvers. This constraint is a nonlinear function of the service jerk and acceleration limits imposed on vehicle operation and also on the instantaneous values of the state variables of neighboring vehicles. The constraint is explicitly included in an analytical development of the control law, which is then shown to control satisfactorily vehicles during overtaking maneuvers and merging maneuvers up to full line capacity, and to regulate perturbations about nominal operating conditions. Modification of the kinematic constraint is then shown to generalize the approach to the problem of vehicle egress from an off-line station into main line traffic flow, including gap generation. Minimum required station egresslane lengths are then established as a function of headway. The station egress control is shown to be safe and effective even in the event of off-nominal behavior of vehicles in the main line traffic flow. Finally, the implementation requirements for the control are shown to be best satisfied by a "smart" vehicle control configuration, with state variables for vehicle spacing, velocity, and acceleration transmitted through wayside equipment at intervals of approximately one-fifth operational headway. Other headway-dependent factors determined in the implementation analysis are the permissible time delay for data transmission, the required on-board computation rate, and required levels of digital quantization. Results indicate that the control is compatible with existing microprocessor technology. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Automatic control systems KW - Control KW - Control characteristics KW - Controllers KW - Headways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Kinematics KW - Longitudinal stability KW - Queueing theory KW - Queuing theory KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304616 AU - Stevens, R D AU - Nicarico, T J AU - McGean, T J AU - Easley, S M AU - Easley, T L AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 8. WEATHER PROTECTION CONCEPTS PY - 1979/08 SP - 249 p. AB - The objective of the project is to develop guideway, station, and weather protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems as well as to improve performance. In Volume 8, weather protection concepts are presented for guideways associated with AGT systems, with emphasis on minimizing costs and energy consumption while maximizing system operability/reliability during winter weather. The concepts include a comparison of embedded pipe and electric heating systems with varied heated widths, heating densities, and amount of utilization. KW - Analysis KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Consumption rates KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Covering KW - Demand KW - Electric power demand KW - Electric power supply KW - Freezing KW - Guideways KW - Heat insulating materials KW - Heating KW - Operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Reliability KW - Structural design KW - Weather KW - Weatherproofing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143644 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00318164 AU - Louviere, J AU - KOCUR, G AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS OF USER COST AND SERVICE TRADE-OFFS IN TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1979/08 SP - 208 p. AB - The Xenia Model Transit Service served as a test of several alternative transit services operated in a small city setting. This project was undertaken as an aid to the evaluation of transit and paratransit systems in Xenia, Ohio, and as a test of a new technique for assessing travel demand. The technique, direct utility assessment, was designed to test a new method for assessing user trade-offs in costs and service based on attitudinal methods. A tradeoff survey was administered as part of a home interview survey. Data from the tradeoff survey were used to develop separate equations for each sample respondent to explain and describe their tradeoffs over transit fare, travel time, walk distance, type of service, and headway. An aggregate equation was also developed, assuming that all respondents shared common tradeoffs. These equations were employed to retrospectively predict changes in transit system patronage (since 1974). Both sets of models performed well, producing forecasts that were in the same direction and range of experience, although magnitudes were somewhat different. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Ohio KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/155566 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308113 AU - Spear, B D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ANNUAL REPORT: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/08 SP - 43 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA Service and methods Demonstration (SMD) Program was established in 1974 to provide a consistent and comprehensive framework within which innovative transportation management techniques and transit services could be developed, demonstrated and evaluated, and the resultant findings disseminated in a timely manner to transportation planners, policymakers, and transit operators. The program focuses on strategies that involve the imaginative use of traffic management, pricing and marketing techniques, transit service variations, and existing technology to produce improvements which require relatively low levels of capital investment, and which can be implemented in a short time frame. The objectives of the SMD program are to: 1) provide more efficient and effective public transportation service; 2) bring about the use of local regulatory and pricing authority to encourage ridesharing and transit use; 3) develop a mix of innovative transit service models that appeal to a wide range of user groups; 4) integrate the services; 5) develop information to assist local, state, and Federal policy formulation; and (6) guide an improved level of local response to UMTA regulations concerning transportation system management (TSM), elderly and handicapped, and Alternatives Analysis. This Executive Summary contains a summary of the contents of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program Annual Report for fiscal year 1978. Program activities and accomplishments discussed in the Annual Report are reviewed, including findings and insights from current demonstration projects, descriptions of future projects, and support activities in the areas of evaluation methodology and information dissemination. (UMTA) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information dissemination KW - Innovation KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Nationalization KW - Operator KW - Operators (Persons) KW - Ownership KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Road pricing KW - Service KW - Technology KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56305/Service_and_Methods_Demonstration_Program_Annual_Report_-_Executive_Summary.txt UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56305/servicemethodsd0600bruc_1.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56555/servicemethodsd0600bruc_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00313971 AU - Juster, R D AU - Kruger, J A AU - Ruprecht, C F AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - THE KNOXVILLE TENNESSEE TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE DEMONSTRATION: AN EVALUATION PY - 1979/08 SP - 300 p. AB - The Knoxville Tennessee Transportation Brokerage Demonstration was conducted from October 1975 through December 1978. In this first metropolitan, multi-modal implementation of the brokerage concept, an organization known as the Knoxville Commuter Pool (KCP) attempted to identify and match transportation demand and supply across a variety of users and providers, and to effect legal and regulatory reforms conducive to the improvement of transportation services. Primary emphasis during the demonstration was on serving the commuters and social service agencies. A major aspect of KCPs commuter-oriented activities was the large scale surveying of employees at their worksites and their subsequent computer matching with buses and with other commuters having similar travel patterns. KCP purchased 51 vans and leased them to individual commuters as part of an operational vanpool program designed to encourage the growth of a large private vanpool fleet. Implementation of the vanpool program and its resulting impact on state regulatory law and vanpool insurance is discussed, as well as the resulting changes in Tennessee laws affecting other public transportation modes as well. KW - Commuters KW - Computer programming KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Fleet management KW - Fleets KW - Insurance KW - Laws KW - Leasing KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Motor vehicles KW - Project management KW - Regulations KW - Services KW - Tennessee KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/150761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305918 AU - Eiseman, G G AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION. VOLUME IV: LEGAL AND LABOR ISSUES PY - 1979/08 SP - 59 p. AB - This 4-volume study discusses the European SSFC system and the relative merits of the alternative approaches to self-service with respect to their application in the United States. Volume IV summarizes the legal issues of self-service operations in the U.S. transit environment; it also addresses labor, economic, liability, and accessibility issues of self-service in U.S. applications. KW - Accessibility KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automation KW - Canada KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic efficiency KW - Economic factors KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Europe KW - Fare collection KW - Labor law KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Liabilities KW - Liability KW - Operations KW - Payment KW - Penalties KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144219 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305916 AU - Strickland, L R AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION. VOLUME II: SURVEY OF EUROPEAN TRANSIT PROPERTIES PY - 1979/08 SP - 183 p. AB - This 4-volume study discusses the European SSFC system and the relative merits of the alternative approaches to self-service with respect to their application in the United States. Volume II summarizes the information obtained from eleven European transit properties and one Canadian property. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automation KW - Canada KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Europe KW - Fare collection KW - Level of service KW - Payment KW - Penalties KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305531 AU - HAMPTON, D AU - McCusker, T G AU - Hampton (Delon) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POTENTIAL FOR STANDARDIZATION IN RAIL TRANSIT TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION PY - 1979/08 SP - 86 p. AB - The research reported within this report was performed in two phases. Phase I provided a detailed catalogue of the interacting components of the factors shown to have a significant effect on tunnel planning, design, construction, and operation. This research concentrated on engineering considerations, identification of interrelations among components and their parameters, and criteria applied during the planning, design, construction, and operation of tunnel systems. However, greater emphasis was placed on design and construction aspects. Phase II consisted of an evaluation of the identified critical tunnel components and parameters to establish specific components and/or parameters which are suitable for standardization and future work needs in the area of tunnel standardization. This research study was limited to a review of rapid transit tunneling systems located in Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, DC., and was limited to driven tunnels. Based on knowledge gained from this study, and from the literature search of the authors, the savings to be expected from tunnel standardization is approximately 2% of construction costs. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Planning KW - Rail transit facilities KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Standardization KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling machines KW - Tunnels KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143999 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304794 AU - Spear, B D AU - Casey, R AU - KENDALL, D AU - Ott, M AU - PAGE, E AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/08 SP - 43 p. AB - The objectives of the program are to: (1) provide more efficient and effective public transportation service; (2) bring about the use of local regulatory and pricing authority to encourage ridesharing and transit use; (3) develop a mix of innovative transit service models that appeal to a wide range of user groups; (4) integrate the use of private and public providers into a comprehensive set of public transportation services; (5) develop information to assist local, state, and Federal policy formulation; (6) guide an improved level of local response to UMTA regulations concerning transportation system management (TSM), elderly and handicapped, and Alternatives Analysis. This Executive Summary contains a summary of the contents of the Service and Methods Demonstration Program Annual Report for fiscal year 1978. KW - Aged KW - Demonstration projects KW - Effectiveness KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Level of service KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Services KW - Systems engineering KW - Technological innovations KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199122 AU - Stevens, R D AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1979/08 SP - 141 p. AB - This volume presents a summary of the work accomplished under the AGT Guideway and Station Technology Project. The summary reflects the work reported in the other seven volumes of this final report and includes the following topics: (1) weather protection review; (2) guideway and station review; (3) design guidelines; (4) evaluation models; (5) dynamic model; (6) guideway and station concepts; and (7) weather protection concepts. The volume also includes a brief introduction and a statement of the overall results of the project. Potential savings of up to 20 percent over the costs associated with existing AGT systems are identified. The summary provides a description of the state-of-the-art as evidenced by existing guideways, stations, and weather protection methods; models and guidelines to assist planners and designers of AGT systems; and approaches that will reduce the cost of guideways, stations, and weather protection. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Dynamic loads KW - Dynamic response KW - Environmental engineering KW - Guidelines KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mechanical guides KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passenger vehicles KW - Railroad stations KW - State of the art KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Surveying KW - Surveying KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305915 AU - Deibel, L E AU - Stern, S AU - Strickland, L R AU - Sulek, J AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION. VOLUME I: REVIEW AND SUMMARY PY - 1979/08 SP - 90 p. AB - Interest in the European system of fare collection for urban transit broadly known as Self-Service Fare Collection (SSFC) has been growing in the U.S. The European experience indicates that SSFC promotes greater operating efficiency and improved service delivery. The common features of SSFC--self-monitoring, fare payment, receipts, ticket inspection and penalties--represent substantial departures from the current operating procedures and existing legal powers of U.S. transit systems. This 4-volume study discusses the European SSFC system and the relative merits of the alternative approaches to self-service with respect to their application in the United States. Volume I of this study describes the European approach to and rationale for self-service fare collection; documents the experience European transit systems have had with using and enforcing these procedures; and discusses the relative merits of the alternative approaches to self-service with respect to their application in the United States. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Automation KW - Canada KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Equipment KW - Europe KW - Fare collection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Level of service KW - Payment KW - Penalties KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Reviews KW - Services KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Western Europe UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305912 AU - Schneider, J B AU - Heid, J L AU - Smith, S P AU - Saito, D S AU - Cotterall, K E AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASING TRANSIT'S SHARE OF THE REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTER TRAVEL MARKET: AN INITIAL INVESTIGATION PY - 1979/08 SP - 230 p. AB - The report examines the growth of the shopping center during the last 23 years as well as factors influencing travel to large regional malls, and the current trends that will affect regional malls in the future. The objectives of the study are to (1) examine current approaches to providing transit service to these malls, and (2) develop recommendations for gaining a larger share of this travel market for public transit. The results of 27 case studies in 18 U.S. and one Canadian City are presented. They describe what transit service is being provided, and how and why it is being used at these 27 regional malls. Nine case studies describe innovative transit projects that are still in the plannning stage. The case studies were written primarily for transit operators and should be of interest to others--urban planners, traffic engineers, mall developers and operators, architects, and both transit system and retailer marketing people. Recommendations are presented that would assist U.S. transit agencies in gaining a ten percent share of this huge (6-7 billion trips annually) travel market in the 1980's. KW - City planning KW - Economic impacts KW - Market surveys KW - Markets KW - Public transit KW - Shopping centers KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - X ray fluorescence UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56612/transitshopping1100jerr_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144214 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308043 AU - Lomax, T J AU - Bullard, D L AU - Christiansen, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute TI - TRENDS IN TEXAS TRANSPORTATION FUEL CONSUMPTION SN - 1 PY - 1979/08 SP - 72 p. AB - As a result of the shortages experienced after the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo and again in the summary of 1979, considerable attention has been focused on energy availability and the relationship between transportation and energy. The energy policies developed in the next few months may change the manner in which the transportation system is allowed to function in the near future. In order for decision makers and apropriate officials to fully understand the possible effect of energy-related actions on the operation of the transportation system, a reliable data base must exist. Considerable data have been published in recent years concerning transportation energy consumption. This report documents the more relevant data as thoes data relate to transportation in Texas. In addition, estimates of past, present, and future transportation energy consumption, by mode, in the state are presented. These data will form the basis of analyses to be documented in subsequent project reports. /Author/ KW - Databases KW - Decision making KW - Fuel consumption KW - Future policies KW - Policy KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144646 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00305536 AU - Spear, B D AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Casey, R AU - Couture, M AU - Doxsey, L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERVICE AND METHODS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1979/08 SP - 314 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program was established in 1974 to provide a consistent and comprehensive framework within which innovative transportation management techniques and transit services could be developed, demonstrated and evaluated, and the resultant findings disseminated in a timely manner to transportation planners, policymakers, and transit operators. The program focuses on strategies that involve the imaginative use of traffic management, pricing and marketing techniques, transit service variations, and existing technology to produce improvements which require relatively low levels of capital investment, and which can be implemented within a short time frame. This report documents the SMD program for Fiscal Year 1978. Program activities and accomplishments are reviewed for each of the following areas: conventional transit service improvements; pricing and service innovation; paratransit; transportation services for special user groups; evaluation methodology; and information dissemination. Results of current demonstration projects and special studies of innovative service concepts are summarized. KW - Aged KW - Demonstration projects KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Highway traffic control KW - Information dissemination KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management methods KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Prices KW - Public transit KW - Services KW - Technological innovations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/144004 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304634 AU - Bevilacqua, O AU - Knight, R AU - Schmidt, J AU - Wade, W AU - Waksman, R AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE CINCINNATI TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM (TIS) PY - 1979/08 SP - 123 p. AB - The document describes an evaluation of an automated "Transit Information System" (TIS), a variant of the "automatic vehicle monitoring" (AVM) concept. With TIS, bus transit patron boardings and exits are recorded and transmitted by radio, along with information on time and bus location, to a central mini-computer for storage and later off-line use in service evaluation and planning. This TIS evaluation is based on a General Motors prototype in operation in Cincinnati on selected Queen City Metro routes. It covers the prototype system's operations to date as well as a potential updating and expansion of such a system to all routes. While the evaluation is focused on the Cincinnati setting and experience, some broader conclusions are drawn. Similarly, although the General Motors prototype provides the data used in the evaluation, findings are applicable to similar TIS systems which might be offered by other suppliers. The evaluation emphasizes the economic feasibility of the TIS concept through a cost-benefit approach. Technological feasibility and institutional considerations are also considered. KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Data storage KW - Evaluation KW - Information systems KW - Level of service KW - Minicomputers KW - Ohio KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Radio transmission KW - Routes KW - Scheduling KW - Services KW - Transmission KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/143655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00197410 AU - Cooper, T AU - Bloomfield, P AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain and Associates AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE LIFT: SPECIAL NEEDS TRANSPORTATION IN PORTLAND, OREGON PY - 1979/08 SP - 297 p. AB - The report covers Portland, Oregon's Special Needs Transportation (SNT) project - the Lift - during its first year of operation. The purposes of this UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) is to: (1) test a transit operator's ability to provide specialized service to handicapped and elderly persons, and coordinate this service with the contracting social service agencies; (2) test the cost-effectiveness and value to social service agencies and users of the automated fare collection equipment; (3) determine the demonstration's impact on the target group; and (4) assess the service's impact on the social service agencies which contract with the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (Tri-Met) for Lift service for their clients. The Portland demonstration addresses three SMD objectives: (1) to increase the area coverage of transit services; (2) to increase the utilization (passengers per hour) of transit vehicles; and (3) to improve the mobility of transit dependents. The report presents time-series data as well as analysis of the project's workability, cost-effectiveness, and impact on all project participants. The report points out that the Lift service has raised public awareness concerning the problems of the transportation handicapped. However, experience with the Lift so far, suggests that the major issue of the second year of this demonstration project is whether or not it is cost-effective for a transit operator to provide transportation to the elderly and handicapped market. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Lifts KW - Mobility KW - Needs assessment KW - Oregon KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Special service KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Wheelchairs KW - Workability UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/88597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00308843 AU - Institute of Public Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation TI - FINANCING TRANSIT: ALTERNATIVES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT PY - 1979/07 SP - 331 p. AB - The theme of this book is how to think about transit financing. The most crucial question, at least for the largest cities, is whether to invest in new rail transit systems, which not only cost unpredictably large amounts but also disrupt communities physically and politically while under construction. A second major consideration, which confronts all cities, is whether transit should be regarded as a consumer good like other utility services--to be paid for primarily by charges--or a public good--to be paid for by taxes. It is concluded that the financial pressures on transit agencies and services can be expected to continue and increase, regardless of the looming energy crisis. The principal resource still available to transit is greater financial and operating efficiency, which entails an increase in the quantity and quality of services rendered with a less than proportionate increase in real costs. Achieving efficiency is quite uncommon largely because transit regulation historically has concentrated on preserving existing schedules and fare structures, and on the overall financial condition of transit properties, rather than on developmental objectives and service improvements. Modern transit management, on the other hand, must continually scrutinize patronage and costs of each segment of transit service with the requirement that each segment justify itself by a favorable ratio of benefits and costs. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Decision making KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transportation KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145161 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00304629 AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRT (PERSONAL RAPID TRANSIT) IMPACT STUDY PY - 1979/07 SP - 305p-in 3V AB - No abstract available. UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/145468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384626 AU - Chin, D K AU - Onyx Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVIEW OF POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SOME SELECTED FEDERAL ACTIONS ON NEW TRANSIT PRODUCT INTRODUCTION PY - 1979/07 SP - 102 p. AB - This study examined fifteen concepts by which the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) could strengthen its role in the technology deployment phase of the innovation process. From the in-depth discussions based on a questionaire with nine members of the transit industry, the transit operators identified uncertainty over future Federal design and performance guidelines as the single major barrier to new product introduction. In contrast, the transit suppliers cited uncertainties over the stability and volume of annual product sales, opportunity costs of foregone investments, and lowest-bid procurement as their barriers. Of the fifteen concepts proposed to overcome the identified barriers, six were ranked as highly feasible and effective. They were: 1) standard set of performance guidelines; 2) lowest lifecycle cost procurements; 3) Federal grants for the purchase and test of limited production quantities; 4) coordination of transit products orders by UMTA; 5) use of Federal capital incentives to influence local authorities to adopt regulations to encourage transit use; and 6) formation of a transit operators and supplies committee to facilitate greater cooperation in the development cycle. In-depth analysis was performed on the six selected concepts and examples of UMTA programs incorporating recommended concepts were discussed. KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Leasing KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Procurement KW - Prototypes KW - Quality of work KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Suppliers KW - Technological innovations KW - Testing KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198857 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371588 AU - Theumer, H A AU - Elms, C P AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL REVIEW OF THE DUKE UNIVERSITY AUTOMATED PEOPLE/CARGO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PY - 1979/07 SP - 139 p. AB - This report describes and reviews the installation of the automated people/cargo transportation system at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. Since the system is presently in the final construction phase and undergoing testing, any operational assessment will have to be accomplished after sufficient time has been allowed for maturation. For these reasons, this report is confined to a description of the technical subsystems as well as the designed operation. Beneficial use of the system is expected to begin within the near future. A subsequent report should assess the system after it has been in use for a period of time. The objectives of this study are to: 1) obtain descriptive economic system performance and public response (human factors) information which can be used for planning subsequent AGT system installations; 2) obtain factual engineering and operating data about each AGT system which can be used in planning other AGT systems; and 3) review the design, development, and implementation experience with each AGT system selected to determine what has been learned and how future urban installations of AGT can be most effectively carried out. A description of the technical subsystems as well as the designed operation are included; specifications of performance, reliability, and maintainability are reviewed; and system development and implementation are summarized. Where important, the review of technical subsystems includes applicability, modifications and/or improvements for application in an urban environment. Informaton and data presented were collected through surveys of the literature, site visits, a visit to the manufacturer, and interviews with site and manufacturer's personnel. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Hospitals KW - North Carolina KW - Performance tests UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371584 AU - Yen, A M AU - McInerney, F T AU - Hungerbuhler, A E AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF DOWNTOWN PEOPLE MOVER (DPM) SYSTEMS PY - 1979/07 SP - 95 p. AB - The purpose of this document is to provide Downtown People Mover (DPM) planners with a base whereby they may design their specific systems maintenance program. The DPM Demonstration program is intended to implement completely automated transit systems (AGT) within the cores of major cities. In order to apply AGT maintenance experience to the DPM program, similarities and differences between existing AGT systems and projected DPM systems were investigated, including differences between their equipment and environments. Three AGT systems were considered: the Morgantown People Mover, the Satellite Transit System at Seattle-Tacoma (Sea-Tac) International Airport, and AIRTRANS at Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport. (Their maintenance programs are included in the appendixes.) This report discusses the general maintenance concepts and the applicability of AGT experience to DPMs. It also provides recommended guidelines for the maintenance of DPM systems, as well as summaries of maintenance procedures followed by the three AGT systems that are similar to DPMs in size or environment (Appendixes A, B, and C). The issue of in-house versus contracted maintenance is discussed in Appendix D. The authors state that, during start-up of the DPM system, a much higher failure rate than is expected or even tolerable for steady-state operations will be experienced. KW - Airports KW - Airtrans KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport KW - Downtown people mover KW - Guidelines KW - Intra airport transit KW - Maintenance management KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - People movers KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00199111 AU - Stevens, R D AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - ABAM Engineers, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT GUIDEWAY AND STATION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 7: GUIDEWAY AND STATION CONCEPTS PY - 1979/07 SP - 418 p. AB - The objective of the project is to develop guideway, station and weather protection concepts which will reduce the cost and implementation time associated with AGT systems. The purpose of this report is to present concepts for AGT guideways and stations which will minimize overall costs and implementation time. The concepts presented fall into four areas: guideways, stations, power distribution, and contracting methods. The guideway concepts work includes a discussion of various materials and construction techniques and assesses their applicability to AGT. Selected existing AGT guideway designs are examined and modified to reduce costs. Power distribution concepts and costs compare AC and DC power, single versus multi-point incoming service, and basic versus dual-redundant substations. Four baseline station concepts are developed and costed, and sensitivity variations of these concepts are examined. A selected number of the developed guideway and station concepts are evaluated and illustrated through photomontages and models. Fifteen alternative contracting methods for guideways and stations are developed and evaluated. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Building materials KW - Capitalized costs KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Construction management KW - Construction projects KW - Contract administration KW - Costs KW - Electric power supply KW - Electric power transmission KW - Electric substations KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Mechanical guides KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit railways KW - Station design KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/89467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331220 AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACILITATING TRANSITIONS TO THE SEVERAL MARTAS PY - 1979/07 SP - 29 p. AB - From the beginning, MARTA sought to develop a management system that would facilitate the inevitable flow of today into a different organization in the future. This report deals with suggestions concerning facilitating transitions for public managers who are sensitive to current work structure design and operation to assist in a smooth transition so that future work demands can be realized. This report may also be of interest to managers contemplating a start-up of their own. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Management KW - Management development KW - Management systems KW - Management training KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Personnel development KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331221 AU - Proehl, C W AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY: HAPPY FACES ON A MARTA BUS PY - 1979/07 SP - 20 p. AB - Basically, the MARTA program of transportation for the elderly rested on three major predispositions: Federal requirements; the referendum proposal whose passage brought MARTA into being; and essential elements in MARTA's organizational philosophy. These predispositions also required energizing catalysts to get the MARTA program moving, as presented in this report. This case study focuses on two aspects of MARTA bus service for the elderly. First, the case reflects how one public program came into being--from concept, through alternatives, and finally how it evolved as defined by specific policies and regulations. Secondly, the case also reflects on processes that led to successfully meeting some problems of the elderly, but not all of those problems. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Case studies KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331217 AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - ANDERSON, M J AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARTA'S EEO OFFICE: THREE COMPLEMENTARY/CONFLICTING ROLES PY - 1979/07 SP - 35 p. AB - This report deals with three perspectives of MARTA's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Office, which was established in the Spring of 1972. The three perspectives are: EEO's role as watchdog; its role as nurturer of minority business; and its complex roles in internal MARTA politics. The report also includes a general structure and orientation outline. This report contains references and Appendix 1: Excerpts from MARTA's "Invitation for Bids, Appendix A, Equal Employment Opportunity and Minority Business Utilization Responsibilities". (UMTA) KW - Bids KW - Case studies KW - Contractors KW - Discrimination KW - Employment KW - Equal employment opportunity KW - Equal opportunity KW - Guidelines KW - Hiring policies KW - Job opportunities KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Minorities KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331224 AU - Bates, J W AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHAT'S FAIR ABOUT LOW FARE? AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A POLITICAL DECISION PY - 1979/07 SP - 22 p. AB - MARTA's political choice of a low bus fare to gain a local funding-base for mass transit also turned out to be shrewd public economics. This case study attempts to demonstrate this point through an analysis of costs and benefits for riders and nonriders from 1972 through 1977. The analysis will follow a brief description of the evolution of the financial arrangements and some observations on the immediate effects of low fare on ridership patterns. This analysis will estimate the "fairness" of the sales tax/low fare method of financing public transportation by comparison with two alternatives. A Technical Appendix: "Stratification of Ridership Volume and Estimation of Number of Transit-User Families by Income Group" included in the report, shows how some of the parameters are derived which are used in this study. (UMTA) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Economic analysis KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Policy KW - Politics KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331233 AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE MARTA CODE OF ETHICS: "CONFLICT BETWEEN...PRIVATE INTERESTS AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITIES..." PY - 1979/07 SP - 41 p. AB - This report deals with MARTA's experience with its Code of Ethics. In this case study, emphasis is placed on: (1) the development of the Code, which highlights major issues to be confronted; (2) a test of the Code, which illustrates how its prescriptions were applied in practice; (3) the details of the Code in Appendix 1, which provides the full text of the minimum ethical standards to be applied within MARTA, as well as numerous examples of what the Code intends to prescribe and prohibit; and (4) the Rules of the Board of Ethics in Appendix 2. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Coding systems KW - Conflict of interest KW - Contracts KW - Employment KW - Ethics KW - Guidelines KW - Legal factors KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Policy KW - Professional employment KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331229 AU - Almy, T A AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STRUCTURING INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION: MARTA AND THE CITY OF ATLANTA PY - 1979/07 SP - 24 p. AB - This case study report addresses intergovernmental coordination between MARTA and the City of Atlanta. The report discusses how the City and the Authority established arrangements that would make it easier for MARTA to build its rapid rail system and Atlanta to protect the interests of its residents. The case provides one detailed perspective on one way that the street-level philosophy became institutionalized in the 1974 creation of a MARTA Coordinator in City Hall. Four features of this Coordinator's position are discussed: (1) the origin of the position is traced from the idea to the reality; (2) the organization of the office is reviewed; (3) the Coordinator's role in facilitating the interchange between Atlanta and MARTA is examined; and (4) observations of MARTA and the City Staff on the usefulness of the position are presented. Also highlighted herein are the events pushing for coordination. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Government policies KW - Interagency relations KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Policy KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional government KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164046 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331231 AU - Bates, J W AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKETING IN MARTA: EVOLVING AN INNOVATIVE ROLE IN MASS TRANSIT PY - 1979/07 SP - 23 p. AB - This report presents an analysis of transit marketing and provides some specific experience that may be instructive to transit properties gearing-up to a full marketing effort. The case study describes the growth of the marketing effort within MARTA. The case provides an opportunity to follow the evolution of one effort in public sector marketing--the consideration of the what and the how, as well as some guesses as to how the new era of transit marketing will fare. The analysis process focuses on: (1) MARTA's position in the market; (2) the environmental forces and factors that affect MARTA marketing; (3) the broader organization into which MARTA marketing must fit; (4) marketing functions and responsibilities within MARTA; (5) MARTA's marketing mix--the product, price, and promotion of transit in Atlanta; and (6) MARTA's methods and procedures to market its product, some successes and failures, and plans for the future. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Fares KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164048 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331218 AU - Rothman, N C AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RELOCATING THE ELDERLY: SIX CASES OF MARTA'S IMPACT ON PEOPLE PY - 1979/07 SP - 16 p. AB - This study directs attention to the personal reactions of selected individuals to a social process, which is the unexpected and involuntary relocation of the elderly to another residence. More specifically, this report traces the impact on older people in six cases, both individuals and couples, who were relocated by MARTA between 1973 and 1975. The authors point out that these six cases are not necessarily representative in any strict sense, but they do suggest the range and intensity of impacts that relocation can have on people. The report concludes that as a result of earlier experience, it appears that MARTA is more cognizant of individual preferences and that relocated households have played a more active role in relocation decision-making. (UMTA) KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Externalities KW - Households KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Minorities KW - Property values KW - Psychological aspects KW - Public participation KW - Rapid transit KW - Rate of return KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Socioeconomic factors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164037 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331223 AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - YOU SEEM TO HAVE GIVEN UP ON US..., YOU DON'T SEEM TO CARE FOR THE AUTHORITY PY - 1979/07 SP - 35 p. AB - This report deals with MARTA's General Manager and his five-step procedure for appraisal and evaluation of executive performance. Over a year ago, the General Manager developed and implemented this more or less standard procedure which is outlined briefly as follows: (1) Concerns were aired with each major subordinate in approximate weekly sessions; (2) Where concerns persisted or increased, a confidential letter to the executive was prepared by the General Manager detailing the employee's strengths, weaknesses, and special concerns about performance; (4) If problems persisted or worsened, the General Manager drafted a letter to the executive reaffirming the specific problems and setting a target date by which specific improvements were expected; and (5) If improvements did not occur by the target date, termination would follow. (UMTA) KW - Administration KW - Case studies KW - Executives KW - Management KW - Management development KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Personnel KW - Personnel management KW - Personnel practices KW - Public transit KW - Quality of work KW - Rapid transit KW - Supervision KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164042 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331225 AU - Miller, G J AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARTA ACQUIRES THE ATLANTA TRANSIT SYSTEM: WHO ASSIMILATED WHOM, AND TO WHAT DEGREE PY - 1979/07 SP - 36 p. AB - In 1971, an agreement was made with the Atlanta Transit System (ATS) and MARTA for the purchase of ATS, which was at that time, a privately-owned bus company. Basically, this case study addresses important questions about this MARTA acquisition. The questions focus on the character and degree of integration of the two initially-separate organizations. This case deals with this one subtle aspect of the ATS acquisition, whose resolution was anything but clear at the time of purchase, as the authors point out. Numerous questions relate to this target-aspect, but a few bare illustrations suffice to suggest the broader universe. Just how would ATS be absorbed into MARTA? In what ways, and in what degrees? This report discusses these issues in detail. (UMTA) KW - Acquisition KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Consolidations KW - Coordination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Policy KW - Private transportation KW - Property acquisition KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164044 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331230 AU - Miller, G J AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE MARTA RELOCATION APPEALS PANEL PY - 1979/07 SP - 33 p. AB - This report discusses MARTA's Relocation Appeals Panel and its use to channel grievances. The report shows its impact on business and individuals and relates the experience and modification of the Appeals Panel by testing procedures within MARTA and the courts. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA) role in the appeals process is also discussed. Basically, this case study details three sets of events: (1) the several mandates--federal and state laws, and federal agency regulations--that were going into effect and required some sort of a procedure for appealing relocation decisions; (2) the citizens' group that was rallying support among those to be relocated and urging resistance to all MARTA attempts to take property; and (3) the local group of lawyers that was questioning MARTA's settlement of the claims of relocated homeowners. These events helped to constitute the framework for the evolving development of MARTA policies and procedures for relocation. (UMTA) KW - Appeals KW - Case studies KW - Laws KW - Legal factors KW - Line location KW - Lines of track KW - Location KW - Management KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Property values KW - Public opinion KW - Regulations KW - Relocation KW - Relocation (Facilities) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas KW - Urban transportation KW - Valuation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164047 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331232 AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGNING THE WEST LAKE STATION AREA PY - 1979/07 SP - 36 p. AB - This case study report addresses the problems associated with the designing of the MARTA West Lake Station Area. It describes the design and then construction of each MARTA station in terms of 3 stages that relate to track, station, and station area. Basically, the contention at West Lake centered around stage 3 design, which, in turn, impacted on the two prior steps. The West Lake Station Area reflected important elements of the evolving MARTA style of management, namely--that each MARTA station would be community-rooted. Each MARTA station would be different as required by diverse community needs, geography, and so on. This report also discusses the Transit Station Area Development (TSAD) program and states that the TSAD program has provided completed station area plans phased with detailed engineering so that MARTA system plans reflected local government and citizen involvement, preferences, and policies. (UMTA) KW - Case studies KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Public participation KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164049 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00331234 AU - Perkins, R F AU - Golembiewski, R T AU - University of Georgia, Athens AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REORGANIZING THE GENERAL MANAGER'S OFFICE PY - 1979/07 SP - 40 p. AB - This report deals with the history and development of the MARTA management system from its beginnings as an embryonic organization in March 1972, through its many organizational changes over a three year period to April 1975. The case study report describes the 1975 reorganization as well as the issues and contending forces that impacted on three sets of actors--the Board, the General Manager, and the Senior Staff. This report contains charts that illustrate the many attempts to restructure the organization, as well as the 1975 restructuring of MARTA Executives. Appendix 1 of this report is a staff paper describing the organizational restructuring, and Appendix 2 is a status report describing the organizational restructuring. (UMTA) KW - Administration KW - Case studies KW - Management KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/164051 ER -