TY - RPRT AN - 00477584 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSIT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REVIEW. PITTSBURGH PROTOTYPE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - 98 p. AB - This report describes the application of a methodology to assess the effectiveness of resource management in a transit environment. It presents simple techniques which are commonly applied in private enterprise to assess a firm's market strength and the capability of internal operations. Although the approach and techniques were applied to the Port Authority of Allegheny County Transit System (PAT), the findings may be of interest to other transit systems because it represents the realistic applications of these methods under field conditions. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Conservation KW - Management KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes KW - Public transit KW - Resource management KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 8 UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/PITT.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56616/transitsystempe8727booz_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286649 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474169 AU - Greater Bridgeport Reg Plng Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE GREATER BRIDGEPORT REGIONAL RAIL PARKING FACILITIES FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE NEW HAVEN RAIL LINE PY - 1987/08 SP - 210 p. AB - This report investigates rail commuter parking problems at three major rail stations in the Greater Bridgeport region--Bridgeport, Fairfield, and Stratford. All three towns are located along the Connecticut turnpike and the New Haven Railroad line (NHL) which runs from Grand Central Station in New York City to New Haven, Connecticut. The NHL provides area residents with an important travel link from home to work, business, shopping, and recreation. This study was intended to examine rail commuter parking needs in the area, project future demand, and recommend measures to expand existing facilities or construct new facilities. Field studies, parking facility inventories, and passenger surveys were conducted at each rail station to determine travel characteristics of rail passengers and areawide parkers. Considerations were given to the economic feasibility of constructing new parking facilities, parking management strategies, and a public-private partnership for rail parking facilities. A key proposal was a Parking Facility Management strategy. The concept encouraged a regional link among the various parking management authorities that would improve the efficiency of existing facilities and ensure optimum usage. Although the study established a real demand for rail commuter parking spaces for both the short and long terms, it recommended further study to determine alternative ways of easing rail commuter parking problems in the area. This report is an important source of information on New Haven Railroad commuter parking. It provides a broad outline with detailed analysis that highlight the relevant findings and numerous factors that influence commuter parking facilities demand and supply. KW - Commuters KW - Connecticut KW - Demand KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Parking facilities KW - Regional transportation KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Supply KW - Supply and demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285374 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474166 AU - Fielding, G J AU - HANSON, L AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DETERMINANTS OF SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - 6 p. AB - This study evaluated eight high performing public motor bus transit agencies of different sizes and operating characteristics to identify the common factors underlying their performance. The study was specifically concerned with the use of strategic management within high performing systems. High performance was defined in terms of efficiency (hourly operating cost and utilization of labor, vehicle, and maintenance resources). Study agencies were selected from among the more than 300 federally-assisted bus systems, utilizing the Irvine Performance Evaluation Method (IPEM) and Section 15 data for 1980 to 1983. Site visits were conducted at the eight agencies and case reports were written of the findings. Major findings of the study were that none of the high performing systems were supported by dedicated local operating assistance, which created a strong incentive to control costs; that a majority were contract-managed; and that all but one had generally operated under multi-year labor agreements, which managers had sought in an effort to control labor expenses. One group of systems continued to be operated in a manner similar to their operation under private ownership, in which service decisions were based on maintaining high farebox recovery. As public systems they had avoided marketing unprofitable services which would have caused operating costs to escalate. In a second group of systems, managers had implemented short-range planning or strategic management in an effort to maintain performance. Inability to forecast funds had complicated the strategic management efforts in all agencies. Results from the research provide case examples of the use of the Irvine Performance Evaluation Method to analyze the management of transit systems. The report describes the principles and characteristics of the IPEM procedure thoroughly. Transit managers interested in implementing a performance evaluation system in their agencies may find the report particularly useful for this purpose. KW - Bus transportation KW - Management KW - Ost university research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285371 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474167 AU - Fielding, G J AU - HANSON, L AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DETERMINANTS OF SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - 161 p. AB - This study evaluated eight high performing public motor bus transit agencies of different sizes and operating characteristics to identify the common factors underlying their performance. The study was specifically concerned with the use of strategic management within high performing systems. High performance was defined in terms of efficiency (hourly operating cost and utilization of labor, vehicle, and maintenance resources). Study agencies were selected from among the more than 300 federally-assisted bus systems, utilizing the Irvine Performance Evaluation Method (IPEM) and Section 15 data for 1980 to 1983. Site visits were conducted at the eight agencies and case reports were written of the findings. Major findings of the study were that none of the high performing systems were supported by dedicated local operating assistance, which created a strong incentive to control costs; that a majority were contract-managed; and that all but one had generally operated under multi-year labor agreements, which managers had sought in an effort to control labor expenses. One group of systems continued to be operated in a manner similar to their operation under private ownership, in which service decisions were based on maintaining high farebox recovery. As public systems they had avoided marketing unprofitable services which would have caused operating costs to escalate. In a second group of systems, managers had implemented short-range planning or strategic management in an effort to maintain performance. Inability to forecast funds had complicated the strategic management efforts in all agencies. Results from the research provide case examples of the use of the Irvine Performance Evaluation Method to analyze the management of transit systems. The report describes the principles and characteristics of the IPEM procedure thoroughly. Transit managers interested in implementing a performance evaluation system in their agencies may find the report particularly useful for this purpose. KW - Bus transportation KW - Management KW - Ost university research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469750 AU - Mangelsdorff, D AU - Kohler, T AU - Chicago Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY TURNSTILE PASS READER SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - n.p. AB - In November 1978, the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) implemented a monthly "flash" pass for rail and bus riders. The success of this program fostered a desire to examine methods of improving passenger flow of patrons using passes, and improve the security of passes. The ensuring study revealed that the use of a magnetically encoded pass access system would remove pass users from the ticket agent lanes, thus speeding passenger flow through the station. The security aspects of magnetic cards were also felt to be paramount to a monthly pass system. The CTA required that the turnstile pass reader be passive, i.e., the patron would slide a special magnetically encoded card through a slot on the turnstile which would open the gate if the pass was valid. Validity would be determined by a series of computerized checks to prevent fraudulent use of the fare card. The CTA concept was based on a system developed by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), but incorporated a number of significant design and functional advances including a series of data capture requirements. CTA successfully demonstrated its pass reader system at two turnstiles utilized by CTA employees between January 1982 and October 1984. This report documents the CTA Magnetic Card Slide Thru Reader System, including system reliability and employee reaction to the equipment. KW - Fare collection KW - Magnetic cards KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Pass reader KW - Passenger flow KW - Passenger traffic KW - Passes KW - Traffic flow KW - Turnstiles KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validity UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468368 AU - MacDorman and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TOPDOG: TRANSIT OPERATOR MANPOWER PLANNING MODEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - 397 p. AB - This document describes the application of Transit Operator Planning, Diagnostic, and Optimization Guidelines (TOPDOG), a model that can assist transit managers in planning and analyzing their vehicle operator requirements. The objective of TOPDOG is to provide information that aids in determining the most cost effective number of full-time and part-time operators (FTOs and PTOs) to employ based on service schedules and operator work assignments. The model considers in this determination: operator absenteeism, operator wages and fringe benefits, labor agreement provision and work rules that affect operator utilization and compensation, and policies or constraints that may limit the amount of operator overtime. TOPDOG has 2 principal uses: to estimate the least costly work force size and composition, based on a set of scheduled runcuts; and to estimate the cost of a specified work force size and composition for a given set of scheduled runcuts. (This function is referred to as "forecasting.") In both cases, detailed cost estimates are prepared for scheduled and unscheduled pay as well as for operator fringe benefits. TOPDOG may also be used to: estimate costs associated with factors affecting labor productivity; assist in preparing budget requirements; estimate overtime labor requirements, estimate cost of special assignments; and estimate personnel requirements, including operator hiring/layoffs. This report contains 8 chapters and 3 Appendices, namely--Terms and Definitions, TOPDOG Reports, and TOPDOG Methodology. KW - Computer programs KW - Costs KW - Deployment KW - Labor force KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Part time employees KW - Personnel management KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Transit operators KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465714 AU - Muse, W L AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, AUGUST 1987 PY - 1987/08 SP - 108 p. AB - This is the 1987 edition of the Directory of Urban Public Transportation Service. This Directory lists transit information for 931 conventional and specialized local transit services in 316 urbanized areas (UZAs) of over 50,000 population. The UZAs shown in this Directory have been identified in a U.S. Department of Census Supplementary Report (Publication No. PC80-S1-14), entitled: Population and Land Area of Urbanized Areas for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1980 and 1970. This Directory is organized to meet a wide variety of informational needs for the user. Chart-type sheets in the Directory show a particular transit system name, its number of peak vehicles, the agency person. The following lists are provided in this Directory: Transit Vehicle Summary Counts; and a Glossary of Terms. Update forms are included in the back of the Directory so that transit personnel may conveniently submit corrected information to be included in the next edition of the Directory. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Deregulation KW - Directories KW - Light rail transit KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Transit services KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56387/directoryofurban871winn_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275418 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465769 AU - Kerr, C AU - Lally, L AU - Technology Applications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1985 SECTION 15 ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY 1, 1985 TO DECEMBER 31, 1985 PY - 1987/08 SP - 612 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation (UMT) Act of 1964, as amended. The report also includes a subset of Section 15 data for use in computing Section 9 apportionments. Section 9 is a formula grant program for capital, operating, and certain other assistance created by the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (which amended the UMT Act) and reauthorized by the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the Section 15 reporting system and its relationship to the Section 9 program. Chapter 2 contains aggregate industry statistics derived from the complete Section 15 reports which were submitted. Chapter 3 contains detailed financial and operating data on the individual transit systems which submitted complete Section 15 reports. Chapter 4 contains the operating statistics which were used in the computation of the FY 1987 Section 9 apportionments. All data in this report are for transit fiscal years ending on or between January 1 and December 31, 1985. KW - Expenditures KW - Formulas KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56484/nationalurbanma0603caro_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474170 AU - Abrams-Cherwony and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT VEHICLE MAINTENANCE EVALUATION AND NEEDS STUDY FOR SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/08 SP - 125 p. AB - This report describes the results of a comprehensive study of transit vehicle maintenance and facility needs of the six private bus carriers that provide transit services in Suffolk County, New York. Three types of services are provided by the carriers--feeder, line haul, and line haul route. Carriers are under contract with the County and are responsible for maintenance of the County-owned fleet of 127 vehicles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maintenance activities and facilities of the carriers and to identify improvement opportunities. This study reviews each of the carriers in terms of transit service, bus fleet, facilities, maintenance staff and practices. Other items inventoried for analysis included forms and reports used to report and record vehicle and maintenance data, parts procurement, distribution activities and the use of outside vendors. Based on the results of the analyses and onsite observations, deficiencies as well as improvement opportunities were identified. Recommendations for improving the vehicle maintenance functions of the private carriers are discussed for both Suffolk County and its six private carriers. The final chapter of this report documents an implementation plan for vehicle maintenance improvements as well as a detailed plan for implementing major changes in the parts procurement program and for obtaining outside vendors for major repair work. KW - Bus drivers KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators KW - Public transit KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285375 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474168 AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT TO THE AREA IV AGENCY OF AGING AND COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE SPECIALIZED VOLUNTEER TRANSPORTATION PROGRAM PY - 1987/08 SP - 46 p. AB - This report provides an evaluation of a specialized volunteer rural transportation program implemented in April 1986. It was modeled after a successful program operated in the Huntsville, Alabama area. This program is an innovative response to the unique transportation needs of persons living in rural regions of the eight counties comprising Area IV of Indiana. Five rural communities participated in the volunteer systems set up for the program. The evaluation focused on 2 major areas of these systems: the organizational framework of the 5 operating boards, and the performance and impact of the services. Information and results from the first nine months of operation of these demonstrations was gathered and evaluated. The emphasis was to determine how well the systems satisfied the operational objectives of the program, namely: to make affordable, cost effective, flexible, rural, public transportation to residents of the communities willing to share responsibilities for providing the transportation; to reduce federal, state or local government operating subsidies for gasoline and drivers for this program by having each community pay their own fuel use and recruit volunteer drivers for the vans; and to enhance the dignity and sense of ownership of the public transportation user and the community served. In addition, the study examined the potential of such systems vis-a-vis other more widely used systems. The evaluation results show that these systems represent an intriguing means of providing low cost, high quality transportation and appear to be ideally suited for such communities. KW - Aging KW - Paratransit services KW - Rural areas KW - Social service agencies KW - Special service KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5579/774a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285373 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00478260 AU - Caliper Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIRR ACCESS MODE/PARKING DEMAND STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/07/01 SP - 140 p. AB - This report presents the results of the LIRR Access Mode/Parking Demand Study--Railrider, the LIRR Planning and Forecasting System. The purpose of the project was to provide the LIRR with a modeling capability to forecast the impacts of changes in parking supply, price, and other commuter rail service characteristics on LIRR ridership and on the access mode choice, station choice, and parking lot utilization of LIRR riders. That is, the forecasting procedure would produce results consistent with LIRR operations and capacity. This project developed a microcomputer model of the LIRR network and competing modes that uses a modified stochastic user equilibrium assignment approach to determine the number of LIRR riders and trip characteristics based on specified input data. The model (Railrider) was implemented in a user-friendly Railrider software package. Chapters in this report present an overview of the study approach and methodology; describe the data collection and analysis efforts; outline the structure and operation of the Railrider Forecasting Model; describe the Railrider software; discuss current LIRR conditions regarding ridership, access mode choice, and parking conditions; present Railrider forecast for various scenarios; and provide additional thoughts and perspectives on the Railrider forecasting model. The Railrider model breaks ground in the implementation of a new generation of travel demand forecasting procedures based upon theoretical advances of the last decade. It performs quite well in providing answers to questions that alternative methods failed to address meaningfully. KW - Accessibility KW - Forecasting KW - Impact studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Models KW - Parking demand KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287069 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467981 AU - Carrier, R J AU - HOPE Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATE SECTOR EXPERIENCE IN THE PROVISION OF SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND THE HANDICAPPED PY - 1987/07 SP - v.p. AB - This study was undertaken to conduct an objective and timely nation-wide investigation into the recent private sector transportation experience in the provision of specialized transportation for handicapped and elderly persons. A cross-section of organizations which are deemed to be representative of the specialized transportation industry were selected as case studies. KW - Aged KW - Case studies KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Special user groups KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281658 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00485861 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL ASSESSMENT FINANCING FOR TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1987/07 SP - 34 p. AB - Special assessment is a very old form of value capture which has been traditionally used to finance local projects such as residential streets, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, sewers, neighborhood parks, etc., and in the innovative circle for large, expensive public projects such as mass transit systems. Special assessments represent efforts to shift the burden for the costs of infrastructure and services to those who benefit most from these goods and services, a process referred to as "privatization". Contents include: Introduction; Major Findings and Conclusions; Concepts and Applications of Special Assessments; Case Studies of Transit Special Assessment Districts; Feasibility of Special District Financing; References; and Appendix. KW - Assessments KW - Case studies KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Improvements KW - Privatization KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Special assessments UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/297610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00485862 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN PROPERTY VALUES IN TRANSIT AREAS PY - 1987/07 SP - 55 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide general information on the benefits accruing to landowners in the area of transit systems. It is based upon a review of existing literature on the impact of transit and highway projects on property values, and on telephone interviews conducted in the cities of Walnut Creek, California (BART), Bethesda, Maryland (WMATA), Decatur, Georgia (MARTA) and San Diego, California (S.D. Trolley). It includes information on changes in rental rates, occupancy rates, retail sales, and development patterns in areas affected by transit, as well as data on changes in property values. KW - Assessments KW - Expressways KW - Guideways KW - Impact studies KW - Land values KW - Light rail transit KW - Property values KW - Rapid transit KW - Rent KW - Retail trade UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/297611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475233 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AND HIGHWAY REVENUE AND IMPROVEMENT FORECASTING TEMPLATES. THRIFT USER'S HANDBOOK PY - 1987/07 SP - 193 p. AB - This handbook describes the process, procedure, and steps for using the Transit and Highway Revenues and Improvements Forecasting Templates (THRIFT). It is a five-diskette Lotus 1-2-3 based application software, designed to assist States and local governments, and other transportation agencies to forecast and conduct sensitivity analyses of: their transportation resources; the transportation project or program expenditure requirements; and the corresponding gap. The handbook provides an overview of the forecasting process; describes sources of data and data adjustment; describes the mechanics of using THRIFT; illustrates a sample application of the software; and, evaluates the software as a forecasting tool. While THRIFT is being tested between July 1987 and October 1988, it is available for distribution on a limited basis. Should you like a copy of the software, please send three items: five blank diskettes; a self-addressed diskette mailer; and a brief letter, indicating how you propose to use THRIFT and your commitment to write a brief summary of your application experience. The address is: Federal Highway Administration, Planning and Programming Branch, HPN-12, Room 3223, 400 7th Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20590, Attention ALP/THRIFT. KW - Forecasting KW - Highways KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Software KW - Thrift software KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468792 AU - Berger, K AU - Lea (ND) and Associates, Incorporated TI - COSTS AND BENEFITS OF AC PROPULSION. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1987/07 SP - 90 p. AB - Ac inverter propulsion offers substantial savings in operating and maintenance costs through elimination of moving parts. Continuing developments in power semiconductors and microprocessor control will improve the competitive position of ac inverter propulsion relative to cam and chopper propulsion. The fundamental principle of ac propulsion is described and the sources of the improved reliability and costs savings illustrated. An Appendix to this report presents a cost and reliability data base and life cycle cost analysis for the cam controlled dc propulsion system of the New York City Transit Authority R44 cars. It was prepared as a standard of comparison for the evaluation of ac inverter propulsion systems developed under the UMTA Subsystem Technology Applications to Rail Systems (STARS) program, and was used for the cost comparison of this report. The subsystems of the R44 car propulsion system investigated include traction motors, control group package unit, power resistors and wheels. Operating reliabilities and costs are segregated by inspection, repair and replacement parts usage for each subsystem. Also, a special study of wheel servicing costs is included to assess the effects of more precise wheel diameter matching policy which is beneficial to inverter propulsion system design. Also in the appendix, the life cycle cost of the R44 car propulsion system is evaluated with a simple present-worth technique. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most important propulsion system characteristics with respect to cost. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Traction drives KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468414 AU - Bajpai, J N AU - Sheck, S K AU - Johnson, R E AU - Comsis/TRAAC AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERACTIVE TRANSIT PRICING EVALUATION (ITPE) MODEL: USER'S MANUAL PY - 1987/07 SP - 130 p. AB - The Interactive Transit Pricing Evaluation (ITPE) model is developed as a user-interactive pricing strategic planning system. Input and output features are menu-driven and graphical in nature to enhance user friendliness and ease of interaction. The ITPE model consists of three submodels: the disaggregate elasticity model for ridership and revenue (DELREV), a cost model, and a pricing policy evaluation model. DELREV defines the impacts of fare and service policy changes on various submarkets. Included in this submodel is an elasticity selector that helps the user select specific elasticities based on previously collected data. The cost model estimates the supply cost of transit provision in regards to specified variables, service types, and fare categories. The pricing policy evaluation model forecasts the impacts of the change in fares and/or service levels on the performance of the transit system as a whole. The ITPE model has been tested using ridership data from the Queen City Metro in Cincinnati. KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Disaggregate models KW - Elasticity (Mechanics) KW - Fares KW - Mathematical models KW - Microcomputers KW - Models KW - Pricing KW - Ridership UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56451/interactivetrans00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468423 AU - Metro-Dade Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MIAMI, METROMOVER, MIAMI, FLORIDA. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT SUBMITTED PURSUANT TO THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT 42 U.S.C. 4332(2) (C) PY - 1987/07 SP - v.p. AB - The proposed action is construction of the Omni and Brickell legs of Miami's automated guideway system, known locally as Metromover. The CBD Core Loop portion of the Metromover System was opened for service in April 1986. This report identifies transportation and environmental impacts of constructing the Omni Leg (1.4 miles) and the Brickell Leg (1.1 miles). Impacts are compared with the No-Build Alternative. The project would increase transportation capacity in Downtown Miami, improve transit travel times for internal trips, increase the mode share of person trips using transit, and improve circulation and mobility among major activity centers within the study area. The project would adversely affect many bus riders from Miami Beach and the northern corridor, increasing their travel time to downtown, but would reduce travel time for Metrobus riders from the west and for Metrorail riders destined for Omni or Brickell. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Bus transportation KW - Environmental impact statements KW - No build KW - Railroad construction KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281682 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474145 AU - Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAB AND RIDE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EVALUATION. DRAFT DEMONSTRATION EVALUATION PROJECT APPENDICES I-VII PY - 1987/07 SP - v.p. AB - The Cab & Ride demonstration project in Franklin County, Ohio, was a cooperative venture between the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC-the MPO), the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA-the RTA), and United Transportation, Inc. (private operator of Yellow Cab). The main objective of the project was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of taxi feeder service as an auxiliary to current fixed-route bus service in suburban areas of metropolitan Columbus, Ohio. Cab & Ride was designed as a peak hour subsidized paratransit service to demonstrate how feeder service can effectively serve suburban residential areas where conventional transit service cannot operate efficiently because of low residential densities or suburban sprawl. This report evaluates such issues as implementation, ridership, travel impacts, marketing and others. It singles out the labor issue as having the greatest impact on the project. Opposing viewpoints held by representatives of the local transit union and MORPC illustrated the problems of interpreting 13 (c) in the transit industry and the potential barriers implementation of policies regarding private sector participation and use of paratransit. Based on demonstration results, the report states that to avoid high operational and capital costs, feeder service should be provided by taxis and not by vans or small buses. Survey data indicated that the service area population in this demonstration was characterized by upper income households with available automobiles and a low tendency to use public transportation even when offered on a door-to-door basis. The appendix to this report contains documentation papers such as contract, request for proposal, ride spreadsheets, and surveys. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cab and ride KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feeder services KW - Fixed routes KW - Labor unions KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Residential areas KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Suburbs KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474144 AU - Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAB AND RIDE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EVALUATION PY - 1987/07 SP - 53 p. AB - The Cab & Ride demonstration project in Franklin County, Ohio, was a cooperative venture between the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC-the MPO), the Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA-the RTA), and United Transportation, Inc. (private operator of Yellow Cab). The main objective of the project was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of taxi feeder service as an auxiliary to current fixed-route bus service in suburban areas of metropolitan Columbus, Ohio. Cab & Ride was designed as a peak hour subsidized paratransit service to demonstrate how feeder service can effectively serve suburban residential areas where conventional transit service cannot operate efficiently because of low residential densities or suburban sprawl. This report evaluates such issues as implementation, ridership, travel impacts, marketing and others. It singles out the labor issue as having the greatest impact on the project. Opposing viewpoints held by representatives of the local transit union and MORPC illustrated the problems of interpreting 13 (c) in the transit industry and the potential barriers implementation of policies regarding private sector participation and use of paratransit. Based on demonstration results, the report states that to avoid high operational and capital costs, feeder service should be provided by taxis and not by vans or small buses. Survey data indicated that the service area population in this demonstration was characterized by upper income households with available automobiles and a low tendency to use public transportation even when offered on a door-to-door basis. The appendix to this report contains documentation papers such as contract, request for proposal, ride spreadsheets, and surveys. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cab and ride KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feeder services KW - Fixed routes KW - Labor unions KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Residential areas KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Suburbs KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473257 AU - Holmstrom, F Ross AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RADIATED INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUGGESTED TEST PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 22 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present a suggested test procedure for measuring the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) emanating from rail transit systems. This report points out that, unlike inductive and conductive EMI, radiated EMI has not been known to adversely affect the safety or reliability of rail transit operations. However, radiated interference from a rail transit system could potentially affect the neighbors of a rail transit system. It is indicated that testing rail systems for EMI poses unique problems not covered by existing EMI testing standards. The MIL-STD 461B and 462 describe in detail the testing of pieces of electrical equipment and vehicles sitting at rest in electromagnetically shielded enclosures essentially at arm's length. Other existing standards delineate procedures for testing equipment at greater distances out-of-doors, but still at rest. However, subway trains are large and must be tested while in motion. The suggested test procedure presented in this report describes standard physical and operational configurations for testing, along with recommended measuring equipment capable of rapid and automated data acquisition and analysis. The procedure has built-in steps to document the limits of accuracy and validity of the data obtained. The procedure presented in this report is generally consistent with procedures that have been used in the past to characterize radiated EMI from rail transit vehicles, but has been designed to provide greater consistence and speed in test performance and data interpretation. KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Measurement KW - Rapid transit KW - Test procedures KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00639228 AU - Goodman, B AU - PECK, C AU - Carrara, J AU - Schwartz, R AU - The Goodman Corporation AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - TURNKEY PARK AND RIDE FACILITY INVESTIGATION PY - 1987/06 SP - 113 p. AB - Between 1980-1985 the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (Houston METRO) pioneered an approach to capital improvement development called turnkey. This study investigates the turnkey contracting method to determine its benefits. The study examines the turnkey method of contracting through exampless, issues and discussions of future potential. It reviews the method by which ten METRO park-and ride facilities were developed as well as the time and monetary benefits achieved. The turnkey method used to develop the Bay Area Park-and-Ride facility is discussed in detail. The turnkey method of procurement, policies, and practices at state and federal levels is examined as well as future turnkey contracting for park-and-ride development on a national basis. Turnkey contracting has proved to be a cost-effective and time saving approach to capital facility development for the private sector and for non-federally funded projects. To be of value to transit agencies, turnkey contracting calls for federal (FTA) guidelines that are comprehensive and sensitive to contractor's freedom. KW - Capital KW - Case studies KW - Contracting KW - Evaluation KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Fta section 8 KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Park and ride KW - Planning KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/380596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472786 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATUS OF THE NATION'S LOCAL MASS TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE AND CONDITIONS. REPORT TO CONGRESS. BIENNIAL PY - 1987/06 SP - 227 p. AB - This biennial report was written as a response to a requirement included in Section 310 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982. It describes the status and performance of transit systems in the U.S. The goal is to provide factual information to assist the Congress in assessing the effectiveness and utility of the Federal assistance provided for mass transit. Because of the extensive amounts of analytical and statistical material included, it is also a useful overview document for elected officials and state and local policy makers. The report includes material on the role and structure of the mass transit industry; major demographic trends affecting the market for transit; how transit costs are being financed; the industry's performance as measured on the basis of efficiency, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness; and issues in transit capital investment decisionmaking. The report also includes a section documenting service, both as an unsubsidized market competitor and as a contractor providing subsidized service more efficiently. The primary data on transit costs and service is drawn from the annual Section 15 data provided by transit operators to UMTA. The first biennial Report to Congress is also available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). The NTIS order number is PB85-217941 and the NTIS price code is A09. KW - Federal aid KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475614 AU - Winslow, R H AU - Furniss, R AU - Holcombe, G AU - UTDC (USA) Inc AU - Santa Clara County Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINAL REPORT--LIFE-CYCLE COSTING DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR TRANSIT COACHES PY - 1987/06 SP - 147 p. AB - This report summarizes a transit equipment demonstration project designed to test whether life-cycle costing (LCC) can be used as a rational basis for selection of transit coaches. The project addressed procedures for capturing data and for performing analyses essential to the LCC process. The general finding is that the state of development of transit operating data bases is inadequate to support widespread use of life-cycle costing in the transit industry at this time. However, the LCC procedure does have merit as witnessed by the wide differences in operating cost and productivity of the two articulated coach test fleets. In addition, the LCC procedure was found to be effective when used to design and evaluate bids for domestically-manufactured conventional transit coaches. KW - Articulated buses KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00480822 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MIAMI METROMOVER: COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BRICKELL AND OMNI LEGS PY - 1987/06 SP - 12 p. AB - Cost-effectiveness analysis examines the extent to which a project returns benefits commensurate with its costs. Benefit may include not only transportation benefits such as improved travel time, but also a range of economic, social and environmental benefits. This 12-page paper is an evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed Metromover extensions in Miami, Florida. Two extensions to the existing Metromover loop are proposed: a 1.4 mile leg to the Omni area north of the Miami core area, and a 1.1 mile leg to the Brickell area south of the core. Total capital cost of the two legs is estimated at $240 million. The legs would increase systemwide operating costs by $2.5 million in the year 2000. The evaluation is based on cost and travel demand estimates developed by the Metro-Dade County Transit Agency. Results show that the two extensions are far less cost-effective than other fixed-guideway projects sponsored by UMTA and the project's impacts on urban growth and development are relatively modest. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Miami (Florida) KW - People movers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473265 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION REVENUE FORECASTING GUIDE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 142 p. AB - This guide explores opportunities for improving the state-of-the-practice of forecasting. It was designed to assist State and local governments in the difficult task of developing and updating forecasts for a variety of revenue sources for planning, managing, and budgeting purposes. The guide will be useful to transportation analysts responsible for revenue forecasting, and the users of the forecasts, i.e., planners, budget administrators, and policymakers at the local, regional (MPOs) and State levels. The objectives of the guide are to provide improved methodologies for forecasting non-fare and non-Federal revenue sources that fund transportation improvements and services, and to integrate these methodologies with the planning process. The study compared state-of-the-art with state-of-the-practice in transportation revenue forecasting methodologies. Interviews were conducted with more than 30 individuals representing State DOTs in Florida, California, and Oregon and MPOs, city and county transportation agencies in Miami, Los Angeles, and Portland. Key revenue sources examined included motor fuel taxes, vehicle registration fees, sales taxes, and payroll taxes. This guide consists of 7 chapters: Revenue Forecasting Overview, Sources of Transportation Revenue, Review of Current Practices, Improved Forecasting Methodologies, Practical Application of Revenue Forecasting Methods, and Forecasting Methodologies for Revenue Sources. The Appendix to this report provides a description of the case studies, an annotated bibliography on the subject, and expanded review of problems with regression models, and a glossary of statistical terms. KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Forecasting KW - Local government KW - Revenues KW - State government KW - State of the practice KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468796 AU - Sparrow, R AU - New York University, New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S ROLE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN NEW YORK CITY: REGULATION AND CONTRACTING. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 144 p. AB - This report examines the role of the privately owned and operated component of New York City's public transportation system, including buses, vans, and taxis. Particular attention is given to the nature, rationale, and impact of governmental regulation of private carriers. Additionally the report explores the potential for increased contracting by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority with private providers. The research findings are based on analysis of pertinent legal and policy documents and reports from the regulatory agencies as well as extensive interviews with governmental and transit company officials. The research found serious inadequacies in New York City's regulation of private transit companies, including harmful fragmentation of regulatory authority and unwarranted delays in the processing of applications. Tied to this regulatory framework is a bus subsidization system which contains significant disincentives for good management, marketing, and financial practices. These failings have contributed to rider dissatisfaction with transit service as well as the development of extensive illegal and extralegal transit services such as unregulated buses, vans and cabs. KW - Contracting KW - Government regulations KW - New York (New York) KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279557 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468376 AU - Ros, C AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO GREATER PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 50 p. AB - This report documents the results of a year long project focusing on the identification of differences in the perceptions of citizens, business interests and private operators of barriers to increased involvement of the private sector in transportation service delivery in Atlanta, Georgia. Specifications of barriers result in the development of a set of recommendations to facilitate an expanded role for the private sector. The basic approach encompassed a series of interviews with each of three groups. These were structured to solicit information on their attitudes and perceptions about the role of the private sector in public transportation. Information on their views of a proposed Downtown Bus Loop System and Underground Atlanta was also collected. Both are considered opportunities where private sector delivery of services is an attractive alternative. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Attitudes KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279339 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468383 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK, JUNE 1987 PY - 1987/06 SP - 238 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) Microcomputer user groups and bulletin board systems for transportation and; 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Software KW - Technical assistance KW - Traffic engineers KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279343 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468405 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1986 TEXAS TRANSIT STATISTICS. ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 35 p. AB - This Texas Transit Statistics document is a comprehensive annual report of the 18 municipal transit systems operating in the State of Texas during 1986. It includes the 6 metropolitan transit authorities--MTA Houston/Harris County, San Antonio VIA, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Fort Worth Transit Authority, Capital Metro Austin, and Corpus Christi RTA--operating in Texas during 1986. (A municipal transit system is defined as one having 5 or more scheduled vehicles, fixed route, intracity service.) Over 190 million passengers were carried by Texas municipal transit system in 1986--a 3.0 percent decrease from 196.4 million passengers carried in 1985. Transit vehicle miles increased about 11.1 percent to 99.4 million miles in 1986 compared to 89.5 million miles in 1985. General operating costs increased 12.0 percent from $167.1 million in 1985 to $187.1 million in 1986. Total operating revenue per vehicle mile decreased by 1.8 percent. The total public expense of transit decreased by 3.1 percent to $281.9 million from $291.0 million in 1985. Total public expense includes operating costs of $187.1 million and capital costs of $94.8 million for 1986. Public transportation funds which have been committed in Texas decreased from $257.5 million in 1985 to $164.1 million in 1986. These committed funds include state and federal funds as well as local monies. KW - Capital costs KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Statistics KW - Texas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279361 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468420 AU - URBITRAN AU - South Western Regional Planning Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKET FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE DANBURY AND NEW CANAAN BRANCH LINES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 255 p. AB - Transportation and moderate-housing are critical issues facing decisionmakers in the Southwestern Region of the U.S. As major population growth in the southwestern area of Connecticut occurs along the Danbury Branch rail line in Danbury, Bethel, and surrounding areas and employment grows in Stamford, Norwalk and Danbury--commuter travel distance continues to grow. Individuals locate further north and east and commute to the southwest (along Danbury rail line). This study focuses on ways to improve intrastate travel by train and to divert travel from the auto to transit. Two branch lines--Danbury and New Canaan--are studied separately in terms of their characteristics and market potential. The objectives of this study are: to determine the size of the intrastate market for rail transit service along the Danbury Branch and to develop an implementable plan detailing recommended service for the market; and to determine what is needed to market the existing New Canaan rail line service to intrastate travelers, identifying the market and developing an implementation plan that describes a recommended market approach. This report contains a summary of the database material collected including a review of current rail services, population and employment data, and the survey research; demand estimates based upon population and employment projections and level of service modifications; and detailed operating and capital programs for rail line improvements, along with consideration of complementary actions including fare policy changes, bus services, and TSM programming. The study states that emphasis upon a rail service alternative must also consider the branch lines, especially the Danbury Branch which penetrates a growing residential nucleus of employees traveling to the mainline communities. KW - Commuting KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Marketing KW - Population growth KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transit services KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279369 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468421 AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAGUARDIA SUBWAY/BUS SHUTTLE SERVICE STUDY PY - 1987/06 SP - 175 p. AB - The three New York City airports play vital roles in support of the region's business and tourism. LaGuardia Airport had 20.3 million air passenger movements in 1984, and 19.5 million of these required ground transportation access. By 1995, these figures are expected to increase to 28 million per year with 27 million requiring ground transportation. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of low-cost, expedited subway-express bus transit access to LaGuardia Airport. Specifically, the study purports to determine the feasibility of such a coordinated, low-cost, express service to LaGuardia Airport from operational, economic and marketing viewpoints. A survey of airline passengers departing from LaGuardia was conducted to determine the origins and modes used by passengers; to determine traveler characteristics; and to define the potential market. In this report four service options from the subway in Queens were discussed, and Option 3--the express bus link to the existing subway service--was selected for implementation. Capturing more of the Manhattan-to-LaGuardia passenger market was found to be the key to providing a successful public transportation service combining express bus and subway transportation. This report discusses the suggested shuttle bus route, including the design plan, operations, fare policy, and market as well as implementation issues. Based on the study, the operation of a shuttle bus service to LaGuardia from Roosevelt Avenue and 74th Street can be accomplished with an attractive schedule, equipment, and a streamline fare collection. The apparent long-term solution to public transportation needs for LaGuardia is the extension of the Astoria subway line to the Airport with stops at each terminal. KW - Airports KW - Express buses KW - Ground transportation KW - Low costs KW - Shuttle buses KW - Subways KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474172 AU - Sparrow, R AU - New York University, New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PRIVATE SECTOR'S ROLE IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN NEW YORK CITY: REGULATION AND CONTRACTING. TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 144 p. AB - This report examines the role of the privately owned and operated component of New York City's public transportation system, including buses, vans, and taxis. Particular attention is given to the nature, rationale, and impact of governmental regulation of private carriers. Additionally the report explores the potential for increased contracting by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority with private providers. The research findings are based on analysis of pertinent legal and policy documents and reports from the regulatory agencies as well as extensive interviews with governmental and transit company officials. The research found serious inadequacies in New York City's regulation of private transit companies, including harmful fragmentation of regulatory authority and unwarranted delays in the processing of applications. Tied to this regulatory framework is a bus subsidization system which contains significant disincentives for good management, marketing, and financial practices. These failings have contributed to rider dissatisfaction with transit service as well as the development of extensive illegal and extralegal transit services such as unregulated buses, vans and cabs. KW - Contracting KW - New York (New York) KW - Private carriers KW - Private enterprise KW - Private operators KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285377 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473253 AU - Henriksson, L AU - McDaniel, K AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BOARD MEMBER SURVEY RESULTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - 51 p. AB - In July 1986, the Institute for Urban Transportation (IUT) mailed out two separate surveys: a Transit Board Organization Survey and a Transit Board Member Survey, to 260 transit systems throughout the United States. From the responses to these surveys, IUT has developed a description of how a typical transit board is organized and a profile of a typical transit board member. This report describes the results of the surveys. The Transit Board Organization Survey showed that the average transit board has 8.6 members: 1.7 members are female; 1.22 members represented minority groups; and .12 members are handicapped. Seventy-nine percent of these boards are appointed rather than elected and the average term for a board member is approximately four years. Eighty percent of the boards used staggered terms to prevent all board member terms from expiring at the same time. The survey found that forty-five percent of the board members receive some sort of financial compensation in addition to the reimbursement of incurred expenses. Thirty-nine percent of the boards indicated that new board members receive formal training programs or orientation sessions. However, the quality or duration of board training is not addressed. The survey also showed that eighty percent of the boards have monthly meetings. The Transit Board Member Survey gave a profile of the average transit board member. The average member is 51 years old, has been on the board for 5 1/2 years, has a college or graduate degree, and is likely to be either a business manager or lawyer. The authors point out that this report is not to develop recommendations for organizing boards or selecting members, but is intended to report findings. The Appendixes in this report are A through D, respectively: Cover Letter and Blank Surveys; Summary of Reports; List of Respondents; and List of Industry Leaders Sample. KW - Data collection KW - Membership KW - Surveys KW - Transit boards KW - Umta section 11 KW - United States KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473251 AU - Development Procurement International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPPORTUNITIES WORKSHOPS FOLLOW UP PROGRAM. TRAINING MANUAL PY - 1987/06 SP - 191 p. AB - This manual was designed to train a special group of entrepreneurs--Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE), Women Business Enterprise (WBE)--participating in the Transit Opportunities Workshop. The workshop objective was to provide substantive guidance and practical help to increase participating firms' effectiveness as bidders and contractors in the transit marketplace. Basically, the manual provides training in 3 general areas: Preventive Law, Marketing, and Engineering and Technical Issues. Preventive Law section provides instructions in the following areas: Finding and Utilizing Good Legal Advice; Various Types of Business Organizations; Overview of the DOT DBE/WBE Program and the SBA Section 8(a) Program; Government Procurement Process; Government Contracts and Contract Performance. The Marketing Section describes and discusses: UMTA Grantees; Goods and Services; Contracting; Marketing Strategies and Process; and Expanding Opportunities for DBEs/WBEs. Basically, Section 2 reinforces concepts and procedures one needs to use. Engineering and Technical Issues section focuses on the construction field and the related services and supplies as well as UMTA Procurement; Competitive; Project Management and Contract Administration. KW - Bids KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Females KW - Legal factors KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Technology transfer KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 20 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285310 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472784 AU - Fielding, G J AU - Jaffe, M R AU - Yamarone, M AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USING UMTA SECTION 15 DATA FOR TRIENNIAL REVIEWS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/06 SP - v.p. AB - This report illustrates the application of the Irvine Performance Evaluation Method (IPEM) to triennial reviews of transit performance conducted by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) under provisions of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) of 1982. Nine performance indicators were used to evaluate 212 UMTA grantee bus agencies in Year I and Year II of the reviews. Each agency was reviewed for either a three-year period (1980-1982) or four-year period (1980-1983). The IPEM database was developed from the National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics Section 15 Annual Report. The 1980 and 1981 data sets were accessed from magnetic tapes. 1982 and 1983 data were accessed from a LOTUS 1-2-3 spreadsheet program on diskettes supplied by the Transportation Systems Center. An IBM 512K personal computer was used to input and analyze the data. Twelve peer groups were developed to create a typology for bus transit based upon three characteristics of operations: peak vehicle count, peak to base ratio, and speed. Two new performance indicators requested by UMTA were added to the seven used in previous research. For each agency, a performance profile was generated showing the agency's performance according to the nine indicators. Statistical comparison with other agencies in its peer group was made using standard scores. The report includes a list of those agencies not amenable to analysis, a discussion of agency-specific problems which complicated data analysis, and recommendations for improvements to the Section 15 reporting system. KW - Bus transportation KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reviews KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281809 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468365 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SIGNALING SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUGGESTED TEST PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/05 SP - 68 p. AB - Methods for detecting and quantifying the levels of conductive electromagnetic interference produced by solid state rapid transit propulsion equipment and for determining the susceptibility of signaling systems to these emissions are presented. These methods include procedures for taking measurements in the field, in the laboratory and on track circuits. As background, the mechanisms of conductive electromagnetic interference are described, as are audio-frequency track circuits and solid-state propulsion control. Recording and documentation procedures for applying these suggested test procedures are provided. Appendix A contains definitions of terms and systems of unit. Appendix B contains sample outputs of tests using inductive recommended practices. KW - Audio frequency KW - Conductivity KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Signal systems KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Testing KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471634 AU - Morphy, Makofsky, Mumphrey, Masson, Incorporated AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOUISIANA 1987 STATEWIDE TRANSIT PLAN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/05 SP - 371 p. AB - Ten transit systems provide local public transportation in 7 of the 8 urbanized areas of Louisiana. This final report documents the Louisiana 1987 Statewide Transit Plan. The Plan presents a comprehensive set of policy recommendations for improving transit in Louisiana at both the state and local levels in terms of funding, operations, and management. Data gathered and analyzed included information on existing transit programs in Louisiana and other U.S. states; operating data; equipment inventories for the 10 transit systems; and economic data on historic and projected population, employment, and per capita personal income for the 8 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The report provides detailed transit assessments in terms of inventory, revenues, operating expenses, ridership levels and services supplied/consumed for all transit systems in the State, as well as economic assessments of the individual metropolitan areas. Pressing issues addressed include funding levels, transit links with economic development; UMTA's privatization program; revitalization of a statewide transit organization; increasing insurance costs; and coordination of the 16(B)2 van program. Existing programs in Louisiana and other states and metropolitan areas are reviewed. This report also provides a description of the legislative process and input for transit policy in Louisiana along with the formulation of a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)--a vital component in developing the Plan. The final chapter of this report presents the recommended Statewide Transit Plan along with discussions of public transit agencies and their roles in implementing the individual programs and policies. KW - Assessments KW - Louisiana KW - Private enterprise KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280828 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467979 AU - Mundle and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONTRACTING FOR FIXED-ROUTE TRANSIT SERVICES IN THE LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN AREA. CASE STUDIES PY - 1987/05 SP - 66 p. AB - The City of Los Angeles and the County of Los Angeles submitted a total of 20 local and commuter express routes for competitive procurement. This was done as an alternative to having the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) continue providing these services or terminate services as a cost cutting measure. Based on a comparison of costs among the proposals received and SCRTD projected costs of 7.13 million, the City and the County would save 3.18 million (40 percent). The City estimated that a savings of 0.91 million (29 percent) over projected SCRTD costs could be realized by turning to private providers for services on 12 of their routes. The County estimated that a savings of 2.315 million (58 percent) over projected SCRTD costs could be realized by turning to private providers for services on 12 of their routes. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Competitive bidding KW - Contracting KW - Costs KW - Fixed routes KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Public transit KW - Transit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279212 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00647146 AU - Gannett Fleming Transportation Engineers, Incorporated AU - Federal Transit Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION STUDY PY - 1987/04 SP - 324 p. AB - This study summarizes the results of a multi-year assessment of the rail transit and commuter rail systems. The work was based on an earlier study design effort. The purposes of the study were to determine the costs of upgrading and modernizing urban rail transit facilities and to provide an initial cost/benefit assessment of the proposed improvements and associated capital costs. The study deals with 34 rapid, light and commuter rail systems. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Capital costs KW - Improvements KW - Light rail transit KW - Modernization KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6500/6540/830.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/387083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473272 AU - Gannett Fleming Transportation Engineers, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/04 SP - 339 p. AB - The purposes of this study were to: 1) assess the costs for a ten-year period of aesthetics for new rail systems and for rehabilitating and modernizing existing rail systems to levels consistent with current standards of safety and reliability and 2) provide an initial cost/benefit assessment of the proposed improvements and associated costs. This study deals with 34 rapid, light and commuter rail systems and was based on an earlier study design effort. The improvement actions and costs were developed using a rigorous engineering approach. Initial benefit/cost analysis methods were applied to reflect the cost effectiveness of the possible improvement actions on each of the established rail segments or branches. The report points out that although the benefits of rail modernization may be difficult to estimate, several reasonable proxy measurements were developed in this study to provide initial insight into the benefits associated with the capital improvements. This report includes: a brief description of the history of the rail modernization funding program and the background out of which the study emerged; a description of the analysis which was undertaken, including the general procedures followed; current conditions of rail systems; proposed repair and replacement actions; capital cost estimates and benefits; and sources of local financing for rail modernizations. The Appendix to this report (under separate cover), describes one of the benefit/cost estimation procedures used in this study, which was developed by LTI Consultants, Inc, (UMTA-PA-06-0099-86-2). KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Commuting KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Modernization KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469302 AU - Simonetti, J AU - Mawhinnie, R E AU - Chicago Transit Authority AU - Illinois Central Gulf Railroad AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION METHODS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/04 SP - n.p. AB - This report summarizes the status of two grant activities sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) in the area of transit fare collection. One grant was awarded to the Chicago Transit Authority to develop an improved magnetic card pass reader system (IL-06-0049). The other grant was awarded to the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad to develop an improved bill validator (IL-06-0052). The grants were parts of an UMTA fare collection program involving rail transit properties, equipment suppliers, and fare collection consultants to improve the effectiveness of fare collection systems that satisfy specific rail transit property needs. Implementation of the improvements described in this report offer transit properties means for enhancing revenue and reducing costs as Federal operating substitutes are curtailed. KW - Bill validators KW - Fare collection KW - Government funding KW - Grant aid KW - Magnetic cards KW - Magnetic farecards KW - Revenues KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468860 AU - Battelle Columbus Division AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Pine and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METHANOL FUEL USE IN TRANSIT OPERATIONS. INTERIM TRAINING MANUAL PY - 1987/04 SP - 25 p. AB - This training manual is a guide to clearer understanding of methanol fuel use in transportation. Because the use of methanol fuel will likely create a few changes in the job routine of many employees, knowledge of fire safety and human toxicity rules is essential. This report provides general background information that clearly illustrates and explains what methanol is, why methanol should be used, and what the future of methanol is in transportation. Other subject areas addressed include the characteristics of methanol--physical properties, fire properties, and health properties; safety equipment and procedures--fires, spills, splashes, inhalation, and ingestion; and changes in the job routine of many employees including supervisors, mechanics and operators. This report is important to all persons involved/interested in methanol fuel use in transportation. The manual is written in a charted-out illustrative literary style rather than prose. KW - Fires KW - Hazards KW - Human factors KW - Manuals KW - Methanol KW - Physical properties KW - Safety KW - Toxicity KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279599 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467977 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING FOR BUS MAINTENANCE FACILITIES. PROGRAM DIGEST PY - 1987/04 SP - 17 p. AB - Value Engineering (VE) is a procedure used to reduce the total cost of performing a required function, without sacrificing quality or safety. The concept of VE, which is over 40 years old, was primarily used in manufacturing industries and began to be applied to building construction over the last 20 years. It is now found that VE has a vast potential for reducing both capital and operational costs of transit maintenance facilities. This digest presents a synopsis of the structure and application of VE and a documentation of the two demonstration projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration as applied to the design of transit bus storage and maintenance facilities. KW - Bus garages KW - Capital costs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Operating costs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279210 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465783 AU - Price Waterhouse and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FULLY ALLOCATED COST ANALYSIS: GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT PROVIDERS PY - 1987/04 SP - 125 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to describe generally accepted approaches to fully allocated costing analysis consistent with UMTA guidance for implementation of the Private Enterprise Policy (Federal Register, Volume 49, No. 205). It states that "When comparing the service proposals made by public and private entities all the fully allocated costs of public and non-profit agencies should be counted." This means, that the use of fully allocated costs to compare the service proposals made by public and private entities in accordance with this policy, treats public and non-profit agencies as if they are required to recover their cost of production like a private firm in a competitive environment. The report describes generally accepted methods and techniques consistent with the principles of fully allocated cost analysis. It does not prescribe a specific model. The report serves as a reference guide for practitioners and is presented in 4 sections: Fully Allocated Cost Analysis--What to Include; Development and Application of a Fully Allocated Cost Analysis--Basics; Development and Application of a Fully Allocated Costing Model--Added Complexities; and Principles for the Treatment of Costs that are Unique to Public and Private Sector Transit Providers. The report also contains 6 appendixes that provide: list of references and a glossary of terms; approaches to cost estimation for each of the cost elements of transit operation and for estimating the depreciation expenses related to capital assets. The fifth one presents approaches to treating the cost of leased capital assets, and appendix six presents the complete text of the Competitive Services Board's Principles on Cost Comparison in Competitive Bidding. KW - Analysis KW - Competitive bidding KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Guidelines KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Private enterprise KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56412/fullyallocatedco00pric_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474165 AU - Transportation and Distribution Associates, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MEDIA/SHARON HILL PRODUCTIVITY STUDY PY - 1987/04 SP - 75 p. AB - The Suburban Transit Division of SEPTA provides light rail transit (LRT) service to the residents of Delaware County by way of the Media/Sharon Hill line. High-performance, high-capacity LRT vehicles were placed on the line in October 1982 to improve service quality and productivity. Physical and operating conditions hindered improvements and caused delays that resulted in increased trip times, patronage drop, and larger peak period fleet. This study was initiated to develop, test and evaluate strategies for improving service and productivity on the Media/Sharon Hill line. The objective of the study was to reduce running time on the LRT line, thereby, reducing peak period fleet. To reduce delay conditions, the study focused on testing physical changes such as improved traffic signals, positive crossing protection at intersections, and the addition of passing sidings. Two computer simulation programs were used to conduct this analysis: Train Performance Calculator (TPC)--simulates one car/train running over the line, and Easy Simulator (ESIM) model--simulates a fleet dispatched according to a schedule. Simulation results were evaluated to quantify each strategies impact on delays. Based on these evaluations, specific changes to reduce delays were recommended. Traffic light and crossing protection improvements were projected to reduce average cycle time for all cars by more than 4 minutes. This means a reduction of one car and an annual savings of $50,000. Other expected social and monetary benefits resulting from improvements in reliability and reduced transit time are discussed: ten percent ridership increase, ten percent reduction in traction power, and increased revenues. KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Productivity KW - Simulation KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473269 AU - Bladikas, A K AU - Berman, S AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RETURNING TRANSIT TO PRIVATE OWNERSHIP: FEASIBILITY AND IMPACTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/04 SP - 120 p. AB - This report explores the feasibility of returning transit to private ownership. Investigating transit's past transition from private to public ownership, it was found that social and political factors were the primary reason for the transition, with economics playing a secondary role. Six privatization scenarios were analyzed qualitatively ranging from a transit utility to complete regulatory freedom. The most feasible scenario proved to be service contracting whereby the public sector purchases and monitors the service that private operators provide. The private operators will be able to reduce costs, but fares will have to increase if operating subsidies are eliminated. It is suggested that user-side subsidies are provided to produce an equitable fare structure. Under these conditions, current operating subsidies could be reduced by about a half. The reaction of other modes to deregulation is discussed to draw inferences about transit's reaction to deregulation. Indirect economic impacts and political/institutional factors are also considered. KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Private enterprise KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473274 AU - LTI Consultants, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION STUDY. FINAL REPORT. APPENDIX: DEVELOPMENT OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS METHODOLOGY PY - 1987/04 SP - 140 p. AB - The purposes of this study were to: 1) assess the costs for a ten-year period of aesthetics for new rail systems and for rehabilitating and modernizing existing rail systems to levels consistent with current standards of safety and reliability and 2) provide an initial cost/benefit assessment of the proposed improvements and associated costs. This study deals with 34 rapid, light and commuter rail systems and was based on an earlier study design effort. The improvement actions and costs were developed using a rigorous engineering approach. Initial benefit/cost analysis methods were applied to reflect the cost effectiveness of the possible improvement actions on each of the established rail segments or branches. The Engineering Cost Estimate Phase of the study identified works costing in total the amount of $17.8 billion (at 1983 prices) to upgrade and modernize all segments of rail transit systems. This Appendix describes the cost-effectiveness methodology used to prioritize the improvement developed in the first phase. It focuses on the economic rationale for the "weights" or "modifiers" used to calculate benefits. The "modifiers" allowed the direct estimation of benefits achieved from the specific levels of improvement to different system elements in the study. The modifiers have been developed by quantifying the benefits of improvements for individual elements of work under two headings: 1) cost savings, which are dependent on the type of rail system, change in condition, and the scale of the work and 2) passenger-related benefits, which are determined by the change in condition, the scale of the work, and the number of passenger miles affected. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Commuting KW - Light rail transit KW - Methodology KW - Modernization KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472780 AU - Scott, K D AU - Zatsick, C M AU - Templar Associates, Limited AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GAIN SHARING PROGRAMS IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY: POTENTIAL IMPACT AND SUGGESTED IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES PY - 1987/04 SP - 70 p. AB - Less emphasis on capital development and greater emphasis on human resource development is a focal area today for improving transit productivity. Gain sharing (GS) programs are a tool for reducing labor costs and increasing productivity. They are financial incentive programs that measure gains in employee productivity with the intent of sharing the generated savings between employees and owners. GS plans are unit-wide bonus systems designed to regard all eligible members for improved productivity or performance. Gains are shared with all employees in the unit according to a single pre-determined formula or target. The purpose of this document is to "brief" transit officials on the concept of gain sharing and its applicability to the transit industry. The document presents existing GS materials and documented cases that indicate the appropriateness of the concept to the transit industry. Specifically, the study objectives are: to develop a working definition of GS; to provide a concise review of gain sharing experiences in private industry, namely the service sector; to identify and document transit GS cases; to assess the potential for using GS in the transit industry; and to recommend actions that UMTA can take to facilitate the successful implementation of GS in the transit industry. Overall, the report purports to provide the foundation and rationale for an affirmative decision and offers recommendations on how UMTA can best implement this decision. In conclusion, the report states that not only will gain sharing programs have to be designed specifically for the transit industry, but each transit authority will have to modify these programs to fit their specific situations and goals. KW - Gain sharing KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Productivity KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473266 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SIGNALING SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: SUGGESTED TEST PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/03 SP - n.p. AB - These suggested test procedures have been prepared in order to develop standard methods of analysis and testing to quantify and resolve issues of electromagnetic compatibility in rail transit operations. Electromagnetic interference, generated by rail transit propulsion equipment, can cause a transit system's signaling system to malfunction, resulting in potential reliability and safety problems. These problems have been complicated and increased by the introduction and growing use of new types of solid state propulsion control. Two types of electromagnetic interference--inductive and conductive--have been found to be the major sources of electromagnetic incompatibility between propulsion and signaling subsystems in rail transit operations. This report presents methods for detecting and quantifying the levels of inductive electromagnetic interference produced by solid state rapid transit propulsion equipment and for determining the susceptibility of signaling systems to these emissions. These methods include procedures for taking measurements in the field, the laboratory and on track circuits. As background, the mechanisms of inductive electromagnetic interference are described in the report, as well as audio-frequency track circuits and solid state propulsion control. Recording and documentation procedures for applying these suggested test procedures are provided. Appendix A in this report contains definitions of terms and systems of units. Appendix B contains sample outputs of tests using inductive recommended practices. KW - Compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Signal systems KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Test procedures KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475612 AU - American Bus Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE POTENTIAL FOR OPTIMIZING PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE THROUGH COMPETITIVE CONTRACTING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/03 SP - 103 p. AB - Competitive contracting has been used by many public transit systems to preserve and improve public transit service by lowering costs and controlling cost increases. The purpose of this research was to assess the ability and interest of the private bus industry to respond to the need for cost effective and innovative public transit services and the extent to which any assistance in public transit may be useful, since increased public funding is not likely to be available. A mailed survey was conducted of the private bus industry (3000 mailed; 567 respondents located in 49 states) and personal interviews were conducted with 95 private bus operators in 28 states to determine their interest and ability to provide public transit service. Available data on transit was analyzed to determine fiscal trends and to make financial projections. This report presents background information on the transit cost crisis, and discusses privatization and the ability of the private bus industry to provide competitive contracting services. It also assesses the interest of the private bus industry and its potential for public service. Recommendations for UMTA action and research conclusions are also documented. Findings demonstrate that public transit's basic fiscal problem is lack of cost control and not inadequate public funding, and the private bus industry is interested and capable of providing competitively contracted public transit service. KW - Bus drivers KW - Competition KW - Contracting KW - Data collection KW - Optimization KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators KW - Privatization KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473252 AU - Ribbens, W B AU - Naaseh, M AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCIPIENT FAILURE DETECTION IN BUS ENGINE COMPONENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/03 SP - 75 p. AB - This report summarizes technical progress in a study of incipient fault detection in bus engines. The type of failures to which this method is applicable are those for which there is a gradual deterioration to failure over a relatively long time. The fundamental basis of predicting such a fault is real time measurements of engine performance in the form of instantaneous brake torque and the nonuniformity in that torque. In addition to predicting component failure this method can also detect the failure once it has occurred. The present study has used instrumentation which was developed at Vehicular Electronics Laboratory of the University of Michigan for measurement of engine Torque. For these studies, a number of buses were instrumented for real time performance measurements in simulated route operation. A database was established from these measurements from which the statistical model for predicting failure has been developed. This report explains: the theory of the method, the instrumentation, the experimental results and the statistical model upon which failure prediction is based. The experimental results are interpreted within the framework of the failure prediction model. In addition, the report explains the optimum strategy for using the method to optimize maintenance scheduling. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Engine performance KW - Failure KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Planning KW - Simulation KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465711 AU - American Public Transit Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND NEW MARKET REALITIES: A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM. MARCH 11-12, 1987 WASHINGTON, D.C. PY - 1987/03 SP - 56 p. AB - These proceedings document the Transportation Markets Symposium, which was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration in cooperation with the American Public Transit Association. The objective of the conference was to stimulate a dialogue between industry decision makers on the changing marketplace and the issues which must be addressed if transit agencies are to survive in the future. Invitations were extended to board members, general managers, and marketing managers at more than 400 transit properties, and a program was structured to encourage interaction between speakers, panel members, and the audience. More than 175 people attended the day and a half conference, and discussions were lively and informative. Basically, these proceedings were prepared as a reminder to those who attended and as a means of sharing with those who were unable to attend the conference. The conference focused on the critical issues facing the transit industry, namely--change and new management approaches to meet the challenge of the future. This report contains the following conference papers: Introduction; Retrospective of Marketing in the Transit Industry; Innovative Strategies for Managing Change (Keynote Address); Critical Issues Panel; Marketing as a Strategic Planning Process; Case Studies and Detailed Case Studies of Marketing Strategy (Use of Target Marketing...for Dedicated Transit Tax--New Orleans Regional Transit Authority Opportunities for Public/Private Partnerships--Central Ohio Transit Authority...Building a Market-Driven Transit Agency--Utah Transit Authority); and Wrap-Up. KW - Case studies KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer KW - Transit management KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472738 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Stokes, R W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAND USE AND INNOVATIVE FUNDING IMPACTS IN A PERMANENT BUSWAY/PARK-AND-RIDE TRANSIT SYSTEM: LAND USE DATABASE FOR HOUSTON'S TRANSITWAY CORRIDOR AND SECOND YEAR SUMMARY. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1987/03 SP - 82 p. AB - The objectives of this 5-year project are to measure, analyze, and evaluate the transportation and land use impacts resulting from the construction of permanent busways/transitways and park-and-ride facilities in Houston, Texas; and to evaluate the "turnkey" procurement concept currently used by Houston METRO for national applicability for park-and-ride facility development. This report summarizes research performed during the project's second year: Project 9-10-1085 between State and Goodman Associates; and Project 2-10-85-1086 between State and Texas Transportation Institute. Data collection and analysis are tied to basic procedures in other land use impact studies. The research plan--Technical Report 1086-2--outlines work being performed and sets forth the basic framework for data collection activities and anticipated results. The 5-year effort examines transportation and land use impacts resulting from implementation of an extensive priority system of busways and park-and-ride facilities in Houston. A comparison of the Houston system with priority treatments implemented in the U.S. and Canada is discussed--Technical Report 1086-3--along with Houston's transitway corridors and land use database for freeway corridors North (I-45N), Gulf (I-45S), and Katy (I-10W). Basically, impacts resulting from these HOV treatments are the objects of this research. Preliminary results indicate no substantial land use impacts at this time. A more definitive assessment of land use impacts may not be possible until the transitway system is fully operational and integrated into the community's total transportation system. KW - Bus transportation KW - Construction projects KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Park and ride KW - Priority treatment KW - Turnkey systems KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281397 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471545 AU - Jordan, C W AU - Alabama A&M University, Normal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING LOCAL SUPPORT AND FUNDING FOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02/28 AB - This study was designed to examine the issues related to rural public transportation focusing specifically on gaining local support and funding. The concept involved the establishment of a local group that would guide the planning and development of a program to improve the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged in the target area. Next, a field survey was undertaken to diagnose the transportation problems. Using the survey findings, the local support group developed goals and objectives for a transportation program to address the identified needs. An analysis of the transportation resources existing in the immediate and surrounding areas was then made. Based upon the existing conditions, a set of alternatives were developed and evaluated. This evaluation utilized a cost-effective analysis. To offset the local cost of transportation provision, revenue-generating concepts were proposed. Recommendations for continued local support group actions were suggested along with a plan for transportation service improvement for the mobility-limited population. KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transit services KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281786 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468814 AU - Jordan, C W AU - Alabama A&M University, Normal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING LOCAL SUPPORT AND FUNDING FOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN RURAL ALABAMA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02/28 SP - 64 p. AB - This study was designed to examine the issues related to rural public transportation, focusing specifically on gaining local support and funding. The concept involved the establishment of a local group that would guide the planning and development of a program to improve the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged in the target area. Next, a field survey was undertaken to diagnose the transportation problems. Using the survey findings, the local support group developed goals and objectives for a transportation program to address the identified needs. An analysis of the transportation resources existing in the immediate and surrounding areas was then made. Based upon the existing conditions, a set of alternatives were developed and evaluated. This evaluation utilized a cost-effective analysis. To offset the local cost of transportation provision, revenue-generating concepts were proposed. Recommendations for continued local support group actions were suggested along with a plan for transportation service improvement for the mobility-limited population. KW - Alabama KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Mobility KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transit services KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12773/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279569 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468813 AU - Jordan, C W AU - Alabama A&M University, Normal AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING LOCAL SUPPORT AND FUNDING FOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN RURAL ALABAMA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02/28 SP - 14 p. AB - This study was designed to examine the issues related to rural public transportation, focusing specifically on gaining local support and funding. The concept involved the establishment of a local group that would guide the planning and development of a program to improve the mobility of the transportation disadvantaged in the target area. Next, a field survey was undertaken to diagnose the transportation problems. Using the survey findings, the local support group developed goals and objectives for a transportation program to address the identified needs. An analysis of the transportation resources existing in the immediate and surrounding areas was then made. Based upon the existing conditions, a set of alternatives were developed and evaluated. This evaluation utilized a cost-effective analysis. To offset the local cost of transportation provision, revenue-generating concepts were proposed. Recommendations for continued local support group actions were suggested along with a plan for transportation service improvement for the mobility-limited population. KW - Alabama KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Mobility KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transit services KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12700/12775/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279568 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463462 AU - Dibble, R E AU - New York Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LABOR RELATIONS TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR TRANSIT MANAGERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 29 p. AB - This report describes the development, delivery and evaluation of a 34-hour labor relations training program for transit managers. A needs analysis conducted by the Center for Labor and Industrial Relations identified that transit managers in the northeastern United States needed training in the following areas: legal framework of public sector labor relations, contract interpretation, contract administration, dispute resolution procedures, job actions and collective bargaining. A pilot training program to address these needs was designed and delivered by the Center for Labor and Industrial Relations in March 1983 to sixteen transit managers. Participants favorably evaluated the program: 85 percent agreed that it provided them with new ideas and approaches to labor relations and nearly half opined that the program was "one of the best" workshops they had ever attended. The findings of the needs analysis and participants' reaction to the pilot program suggests that there is an unmet need for labor relations training for transit managers. KW - Collective bargaining KW - Contract administration KW - Labor relations KW - Legal factors KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474173 AU - Chibber, P K AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY MANAGEMENT STUDY FOR THE MARKET FRANKFORD SUBWAY ELEVATED LINES, PHASE 1. VOLUMES 1 & 2. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 112 p. AB - Rising energy costs and decreasing energy availability stepped-up SEPTA's concern with increasing costs of its rail system. Traction energy cost constitutes about 11 percent of operating cost and is expected to increase. The objective of this project is to simulate the electrical power and energy requirements of the Market Frankford Subway Elevated (MFSE) line using computer programs, and to evaluate alternative methods to save energy or peak power demands, thereby reducing electric costs. This study addresses traction energy for the MFSE line during revenue operation. It involved analyzing present energy costs, developing cost-effective energy conservation strategies, simulating the energy cost savings associated with these strategies, recommending the appropriate strategies for implementation, and outlining a program for executing the recommendations. The study was performed by SEPTA with technical support of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC). DVRPC performed the system programming and software modification to convert the CMU Energy Management Model (EMM) program system components for use on the IBM computer. EMM is a recognized software package used for energy simulation problems of rail systems. This Phase 1 study represents the first time that the EMM, developed for the transit industry by the Rail Systems Center at CMU, was comprehensively applied to a SEPTA rail system. This report contains conclusions and recommendations for the energy conservation strategies investigated, namely--operational, structural, and power rate structures. Volume 2, Appendix, is included in this single report; it contains computer charts and tables related to this study. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Elevated guideways KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Simulation KW - Strategy KW - Traction KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468819 AU - Sing, F AU - Edelson, C AU - Holmstrom, F Ross AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE UMTA RAIL TRANSIT EMI/EMC PROGRAM: AN OVERVIEW AND SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 39 p. AB - This report gives a history of the UMTA Rail Transit Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC) program, together with a listing of significant achievements over the life of the program. This is the lead volume of a nine-volume set dealing with the theory, problems and solutions of electromagnetic incompatibility between solid state power systems and rail transit signaling systems. Specifics of conductive, inductive and radiated interference theory, data, tests and suggested test procedures are described in detail in the remaining volumes of this set. This report includes a listing of suggested test procedures and test reports for the EMI/EMC program. KW - Conductivity KW - Electromagnetic compatibility KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Rapid transit KW - Solid state KW - Solid state devices KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471526 AU - Lederer, B A AU - Webber, T F AU - Dunn, D K AU - Watkins, A R AU - Watson, Rice and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPENDIUM OF NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS: 1984 REPORT YEAR PY - 1987/02 SP - 189 p. AB - This report provides summary statistics on the finances and operations of the United States' public transit systems for the 1984 calendar year. These statistics were derived from the data base developed through the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Section 15 Reporting System. This report is intended to complement the National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics: Section 15 Annual Report issued by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration since 1980. That report contains aggregate transit statistics, but focuses principally on the finances and operations of individual transit systems. By contrast, the Compendium provides a national, policy-oriented perspective, highlighting aggregate financial and operational characteristics. In this report, national transit industry financial operational characteristics are illustrated through use of 1) graphics designed to emphasize key transit industry patterns, 2) policy relevant statistics and aggregations, and 3) trend information incorporating statistics from the Section 15 data base 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, and 1984. These characteristics are examined in three chapters: Chapter I--Financial Statistics; Chapter II--Operational Statistics; and Chapter III--Performance Measures. The report also includes an Introduction designed to acquaint the reader with the statistics and alert him/her to issues affecting their use. KW - Expenditures KW - Finance KW - Financial expenditures KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280774 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471448 AU - Keough, M AU - EVANS, M AU - Carder, D AU - Nagy, J-E AU - New York Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEGREE PROGRAM MARKET FEASIBILITY STUDY, VOLUME 2: TECHNICAL APPENDIX. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 201 p. AB - This report is one of the most comprehensive recent surveys of master's degree programs which are relevant to transportation sector professionals and aspirants. It identifies United States colleges and universities which offer transportation-related master's degree programs, identifies the specific programs offered, categorizes them by their orientation, describes the typical features of programs in the various categories and contains detailed profiles of dozens of individual programs. Through these profiles, which identify key program features such as degree requirements and courses offered, this report enables prospective students and others to identify programs which are responsive to their transportation education interests. This report is a technical appendix to the Degree Program Market Feasibility Study, Volume 1: Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations. KW - Education KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Transportation careers KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280739 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471459 AU - Derr, K E AU - Ferreri, M G AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD TESTING OF ELECTRONIC REGISTERING FAREBOXES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 104 p. AB - This report presents the findings of an evaluation of electronic registering fareboxes in field testing at the Detroit Department of Transportation. Thirty-two fareboxes were tested on one bus route, Woodward Avenue, which was selected because it generates a high volume of dollar bills. The farebox specification called for a 600 bill cashbox capacity. The report presents measures of the farebox's performance in stemming revenue losses due to short fares as well as its accuracy, reliability, and maintenance labor requirements. This study is one element in an UMTA-sponsored program to achieve more uniform data collection, analysis, and reporting among the transit systems and to improve communications about fare collection issues such as bill handling. KW - Bill handling KW - Buses KW - Electronic registering KW - Electronics KW - Fare collection KW - Fareboxes KW - Field tests KW - Registration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280743 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468815 AU - Mahdi, S I AU - Benedict College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESTIMATING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE IMPACTS OF URBAN MASS TRANSIT PROJECTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - 46 p. AB - This study attempts to forecast the impacts of the construction phase of new transit facilities in metropolitan areas. The purpose of this study is to identify and develop an approach, a model and an appropriate methodology to simulate and forecast economic impacts of UMTA-funded new mass transit systems or any additions to mass transit facilities in metropolitan areas. Using a forecasting and simulations model conjoined with a 490 sector input/output model, simulated forecasts were generated, predicting the effect of new facilities on the local economy of four UMTA-funded mass transit systems located in Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; San Francisco, California; and Washington, D.C. For each metropolitan area, four simulated forecasts have been estimated in order to determine the following impacts: construction phase impacts of $200 million of local transit facility; effects of ten (10) percent reduction in local transportation cost for businesses and industry as a result of improved transit facilities; the effects of increases in labor supply from increasing access of workers to workplace, for example, an increase of 2000 electrical technicians each year; and the effect of increase of one million visitor days each year, which may result from making metropolitan areas a convenient place for conventions and meetings. This report implies that the model and methodology developed here are capable of determining the construction of transit facilities or the new construction of transit facilities and it is felt that such a model and methodology will be immensely useful to those who are interested in conducting such feasibility studies. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Construction projects KW - Economic impacts KW - Government funding KW - Impact studies KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Simulation KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279570 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468430 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - FINANCIAL REVIEW: MEMBER JURISDICTIONS OF THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/02 SP - v.p. AB - This Financial Review was commissioned by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration ("UMTA") and contains pertinent credit information for the jurisdictions who contribute funds to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority ("WMATA") for the purpose of constructing, maintaining and operating the Metrobus and Metrorail transit sytems. Jurisdictions currently contributing funds to WMATA for this purpose are: Washington, D.C., the State of Maryland (through the Washington Suburban Transit Commission), Montgomery County, Prince George's County, the Commonwealth of Virginia (through the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission), Alexandria, Arlington County, Fairfax County, Fairfax City and Falls Church. The purpose of this Review is to provide a snapshot of the current financial condition of the member jurisdictions. KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Umta section 8 KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56408/financialreview8723unse_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7026/880.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471460 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SCAG'S PRIVATE SECTOR TRANSIT OPERATOR DIRECTORY PY - 1987/02 SP - 56 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Directories KW - Private enterprise KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280744 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00476983 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY EASEMENT AGREEMENT ENFORCEMENT PROJECT. PILOT PROJECT REPORT AND EVALUATION PY - 1987/01 SP - 33 p. AB - The MTA Planning Department began this project to insure that owner entrances in the Grand Central Station subway complex were properly maintained so as not to detract from the appearance of the newly modernized station. The Subway Easement Agreement Enforcement Project established a set of procedures and the necessary departmental coordination for enforcement of the Transit Authority's rights under these agreements. The success of the project encouraged its extension and enforcement to other stations. Basically, the project has four major goals: clarifying maintenance responsibilities between Transit Authority and building owners; improving subway station access; coordinating Subway Modernization Program plan and easement obligations; and developing easement agreement procedures to insure that identified violations are remedied. This report summarizes the achievements of the project. The work uncovered numerous violations, and MTA is proceeding to obtain significant owner-supplied improvements. The report traces the growth of subway entrance easement agreements and analyzes the reasons so many have been violated and unenforced. It summarizes the state of negotiations at the Grand Central, Fifth Avenue, and 59th Street-Lexington Avenue Stations. The study recommends long-term funding to continue this promising project on a permanent basis. Procedures outlined in this report could be useful in enforcing transit easements elsewhere in the region. KW - Building entrances KW - Easements KW - Enforcement KW - Entrances (Other than doors) KW - Maintenance KW - Private enterprise KW - Subways KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286298 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471393 AU - Grava, S AU - Sclar, E AU - Downs, C AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS OF PRIVATE SECTOR TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1987/01 SP - 195 p. AB - This project explored the problems and potentials of new forms of private urban transportation that have evolved in the Metropolitan New York region in the last 20 years, as well as the problems and potentials of private urban bus service that has existed on a continuous basis parallel to the publicly owned modes. The specific new transport modes investigated were jitney feeders, express and commuter vans, and neighborhood car service operations, which serve as alternatives to standard taxis and other communal modes. One of the most important findings of this study is the extent and pervasive nature of these new travel modes in the New York area. They serve all classes, from affluent white collar workers seeking a more comfortable trip to work to some of the regions lowest paid workers who merely want to get to work on time. Another important finding is that the new locally-generated modes hold the promise of providing a superior service at lower cost than does the public operation in specific corridors, mostly in the least dense portions of the region where the costs of regular bus service are high. Existing private bus lines were found to be only slightly more cost efficient as compared to the public operations. It is suggested that significant amounts of money would be saved by the public sector and a better level of service achieved if the operations were authorized along some of the low density routes. KW - Commuter vans KW - Express vans KW - Feeder services KW - Jitneys KW - New York (State) KW - Ost university research KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vans UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/12000/12200/12233/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468818 AU - Arlinghaus, S L AU - Nystuen, J D AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TERRAIN EFFECTS ON BUS DURABILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/01 SP - 64 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide terrain peer groups which may be used in combination with sets of Section 15 indicators, as guidelines to understanding the impact of terrain on participating transit agencies. The method of deriving these terrain peer groups involves applying a Terrain Template based on allometric growth and topographic evidence in order to partition 183 transit agencies into "steep", "intermediate", and "flat" terrain peer groups. The Template is checked at a local scale in Ann Arbor, Michigan and is then used to establish nationwide terrain peer groups. The hypothesis that bus durability is adversely affected in steep environments is tested, using Section 15 indicators, to illustrate the method of employing these terrain peer groups. Section 15 indicators, used to quantify transit concepts of mileage per gallon, maintenance efficiency, and maintenance value, provide support for this hypothesis. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Durability KW - Peer groups KW - Terrain KW - Umta section 11 KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471615 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HOUSTON'S MAJOR ACTIVITY CENTERS AND WORK TRAVEL BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF DOWNTOWN, GREENWAY, CITY POST OAK, AND THE ENERGY CORRIDOR PY - 1987/01 SP - 243 p. AB - Activity centers are the highest concentrations of employment outside of downtown and critical features of Houston's transportation system. These "megacenters, outer cities" are the kind of urban growth patterns now drawing national attention and being experienced in Houston, Texas. This study examines development and travel characteristics in three of Houston's activity centers--City Post Oak, Greenway, and West Houston's Energy Corridor--and compares them with the Houston Central Business District (CBD). The purpose is to identify differences and similarities between downtown and the activity centers, and to increase understanding of how activity centers are serviced or need to be served by transportation including travel to and from and within centers. Major characteristics examined in this report are: 1) physical development characteristics of the areas--Land use, buildings, parking, style of development, and types of businesses; 2) socioeconomic characteristics of workers--occupation, industry of employment, income; 3) worker travel characteristics--trip length, mode of travel to work, travel during the day, parking (travel survey results included); and 4) transportation facilities and services of the areas--roadways, transit services and facilities, traffic patterns and volumes. The final chapter of this report compares travel characteristics of cities with strong CBDs with cities having more dispersed employment in activity centers. The major findings indicate that there are significant density and scale as well as basic transportation differences between Houston's CBD and the activity centers--activity centers are not simply "little" CBDs. KW - Activity centers KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Land use KW - Needs assessment KW - Parking KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation KW - Travel behavior KW - Umta section 8 KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471444 AU - Stokes, R W AU - Peterson, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAND USE AND INNOVATIVE FUNDING IMPACTS IN A PERMANENT BUSWAY/PARK-AND-RIDE TRANSIT SYSTEM: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE IMPACTS IN HOUSTON NORTH (I-45N) TRANSITWAY CORRIDOR PY - 1987/01 SP - 56 p. AB - This study focuses on freeway corridors in Houston, Texas, where priority facilities for HOVs are being operated and expanded. This is the fourth document of a 5-year research project to examine transportation and land use impacts vis-a-vis the implementation of an extensive priority system of busways and park-and-ride facilities in Houston. Details of data collection and analysis conform to basic procedures used in other impact studies and work programs. Three high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes with supporting park-and-ride facilities will be placed in operation in Houston's north (I-45N), west (I-10W), and southeast (I-45S) freeway corridors during this 5-year period. This report presents the results of a preliminary pilot test of methods to identify land use and transportation impacts resulting from the implementation of HOV treatments in the North Freeway (I-45N) corridor in Houston. Preliminary results indicate that while the HOV priority treatments implemented in the I-45N corridor have produced substantial improvements in corridor capacity, the land use impacts of HOV treatments have been relatively insignificant. A more definitive assessment of the land use impacts will be possible only after the transitway and support facilities have become fully operational and established as integral elements in the corridor's transportation system. Continued monitoring of land uses and completion of developer interview portions of this research should result in a reasonable assessment of land use impacts of transitway systems. Results of this research may be applied nationwide by local, state, and federal officials concerned with busway/park-and-ride system development. KW - Assessments KW - Bus transportation KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Freeways KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Impact studies KW - Innovation KW - Land use KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Transportation corridors KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280737 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471412 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Stokes, R W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAND USE AND INNOVATIVE FUNDING IMPACTS IN A PERMANENT BUSWAY/PARK-AND-RIDE TRANSIT SYSTEM: PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE IMPACTS IN HOUSTON'S NORTH (I-45N) TRANSITWAY CORRIDOR. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1987/01 SP - 49 p. AB - This report is the fourth research document prepared in the study of land use and transportation impacts under Project 9-10-85-1085 (between the State and Barry Goodman Associates) and Project 2-10-85-1086 (between the State and the Texas Transportation Institute). The details of the data collection and analysis conform to the basic procedures used in other impact studies and to the study's work program (Technical Report 1086-2). This five year research effort examines transportation and land use impacts resulting from implementation of an extensive priority system of busways and park-and-ride facilities in Houston, Texas. Over the duration of this research, three high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes with supporting park-and-ride facilities will be placed in operation in Houston's north (I-45N), west (I-10W) and southeast (I-45S) freeway corridors. The results of a preliminary pilot test of the study method proposed to identify the land use and transportation impacts resulting from the HOV treatments within the north corridor (I-45N) are presented in this research report. Any definitive assessment of impacts, particularly land use impacts, will not be operational and established as integral elements in the corridor's transportation system. Preliminary results suggest that while the HOV priority treatments implemented in the corridor have produced substantial, positive transportation impacts, the land use impacts appear to be relatively insignificant at this time. KW - Assessments KW - Bus transportation KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Priority treatment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471414 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR ROCKLAND COUNTY, NEW YORK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987/01 SP - 210 p. AB - This report documents the Transit Development Program (TDP) for Rockland County, New York. The Program is designed specifically for the scheduled local transit services of Transport of Rockland (TOR). Issues surrounding the extensive commuter bus and rail services were investigated, namely--the impact on the intra-county system, e.g., transfer coordination, service duplication, and potential joint use or acquisition of facilities and equipment. This report identifies and evaluates the various capital and service improvement elements considered for inclusion in the 1987-1991 Program for Transport of Rockland. The report consists of 3 parts: Part 1-Existing Services and the Transit Market, describes the services and operations of TOR and other local transit systems; Part 2-Alternative Transit Improvements, suggests goals and standards for TOR and evaluates alternative service options and the associated capital improvement needs; and, Part 3-Recommended Transit Development Program, presents a staged 5-year plan of improvement for TOR. It consists of the following elements: Description of Routes and Services; Capital Improvements; Ridership, Revenues, and Operating Costs; Management and Organization; Priorities and Implementation Schedule; Potential Funding Sources; Guidelines for Marketing and Information; Plan for Monitoring Transit Services; and Program Update Procedure. In addition, the study also examined other local routes and services in the County not presently operated by TOR. The recommended Program was presented at a public meeting in November 1986. KW - Capital KW - Commuter buses KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rockland County (New York) KW - Transit buses KW - Transit development program KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471399 AU - University of Texas, Dallas AU - North Central Texas Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FUNDING TRANSPORTATION NEEDS IN THE NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS AREA PY - 1987/01 SP - 172 p. AB - The objective of this study was to examine revenue raising financial mechanisms that would help close the $6.4 billion gap between the stated requirements/needs and expected revenues of the upcoming MOBILITY 2000 plan--an estimated $16.9 billion transportation development plan for the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The study focuses on the first option of direct revenue increases, i.e., increasing revenues from current sources and tapping new revenue sources. Alternatives to direct revenue increases aimed at economic growth were also reviewed in this report. The criterion guiding this study was mainly the investigation of the relatively new methods of highway financing such as the importance given to toll roads, electronic road pricing, capturing of gains in land values due to new highways, etc. Considerable attention was given to the trend-setting state of California, and its current experience in highway finance and policy with results discussed and charted in the Appendix of this report. Overall, the main body of this report provides detailed discussion and charting of 9 revenue raising financial devices, namely: Road User Direct Charges; Joint Public-Private Financing; Parking Fees, Fines and Taxes; Local Option Motor Fuel Taxes; Local Sales Taxes; Property Taxes; Vehicle Registration Fees; New Types of Taxes and Revenue Sources; and Borrowing Strategies. Charts in this report summarize key study results and exhibit the revenue implications of each financial device, described in detail in the main body of this report. KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Needs assessment KW - Parking fees KW - Pay parking KW - Private enterprise KW - Revenues KW - Taxation KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 8 KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471415 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SERVICE DEMAND AND SUPPLY EVALUATION STUDY: A YEAR 2000 JOURNEY TO WORK AM PEAK SUBWAY TRIP FORECAST. TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 3 PY - 1987/01 SP - 74 p. AB - This forecasting effort is a first step towards shaping New York City's future transit system. It is an assessment of future transit needs that generate from the City's need to understand and plan for the dynamics of population and employment changes, and for the competition with the region's fast-growing, lower capacity transportation modes (autos, commuter vans, express buses) that are clogging the already overcrowded streets of the Manhattan central business district (CBD). The study objective was to forecast journey to work subway trips during the morning peak period by major transit corridors for the year 2000. A year 2000 trip table was developed from each of the City's 50 community districts to 6 sectors in the Manhattan CBD. The report discusses the development of this trip table and the basic findings, namely: trips by travel corridors, change in trips from 1980 to 2000 and the implications of these projected travel patterns. Overall, the study adopted an intensive analytic approach that developed a forecast based on the relationship between total labor force, employment and subway ridership. This adjusted data was used as the building block to develop the essential result--a.m. subway peak period trips to the CBD for the year 2000. This report discusses the study findings and provides summaries of forecasts by borough and suburban counties, by transit corridors, and by community districts and boroughs to CBD sectors. The basic thrust of these projections is that the City's population will remain fairly constant until 2000, the labor force will increase slightly, and employment in the CBD will continue to rise. Demand for peak period transit service to the CBD is expected to rise by 8.9 percent. KW - Central business districts KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Forecasting KW - Needs assessment KW - New York (New York) KW - Peak periods KW - Subways KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280721 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462787 AU - Strathman, J G AU - Dueker, K J AU - Portland State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF LOCAL TRANSIT FINANCING ALTERNATIVES: INPUT-OUTPUT RESULTS FOR PORTLAND PY - 1987/01 SP - 36 p. AB - Mass transit providers are facing mounting pressure to extend the scope of local financing in the wake of reductions in federal operating subsidies. This study estimates the economic impacts in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area associated with generating a million dollars in local transit funding from seven alternative sources: personal income, property, retail sales, gasoline sales, downtown parking, payrolls and a transit fare increase. An input-output model of the metropolitan area is used to estimate the change in sectoral output and employment that would result from transferring resources from non transit activities to transit operations. Aggregate economic activity declines for all seven financing alternatives, although net increases are found for a number of individual sectors. Overall it was found that the reduction in economic activity was minimized with a gasoline tax and maximized with a fare increase. Although the analysis did not consider the value of transit benefits, a rationale for evaluating these benefits in light of the study results is outlined. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Economic impacts KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Gasoline KW - Income KW - Income taxes KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Models KW - Parking KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Public transit KW - Sales tax KW - Taxes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01119905 AU - Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Carter-Goble Associates TI - Town of Kilmarnock : transit feasibility study PY - 1987 SP - 1 v. (various pagings) KW - Kilmarnock (Virginia) KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/880104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070686 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CTA south shops, auto parking facility, draft EA PY - 1987///Volumes held: Background documents1 KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830071 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070673 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Baltimore northeast corridor alternative transit improvements : environmental impact statement PY - 1987///Volumes held: Draft(2v,v.2 fol), Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Maryland UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070672 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - St.Louis Metro Link project, St.Louis and East St.Louis (MO,IL) : environmental impact statement PY - 1987///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois KW - Missouri UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830057 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468401 AU - Urban Land Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ULI/UMTA POLICY FORUM ON JOINT DEVELOPMENT OF RAIL TRANSIT FACILITIES SN - 0-87420-671-5 PY - 1987 SP - 107 p. AB - The ULI/UMTA (Urban Land Institute/Urban Mass Transportation Administration) Policy Forum held June 11-12, 1986 at the Park Terrace Hotel in Washington, D.C. had the following objectives: To identify the goals of each of the participants (developers, transit operators, city or county governments, and UMTA) in a joint development project; outline the major impediments to joint development from the perspective of each party; recommend short- and long-range solutions to these impediments; assign primary responsibility for each of the recommendations to the appropriate parties; and make recommendations to UMTA concerning both high-profile program options (for example, publicity, funding incentives, disincentives, and technical assistance), as well as low-profile program alternatives (for example, informal technology transfer, peer group matching, more flexible use of existing federal grants, and staff evaluations of the relative effectiveness of different projects. KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Recommendations KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634010 AU - Woodman, G K AU - Eckert, Seamans, Cherin & Mellott TI - FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS: APPLICABILITY TO PRIVATE OPERATORS UNDER CONTRACT PY - 1987 SP - 21 p. AB - Public transit agencies, like other regional and local public agencies and units of local government, are subject to a wide range of Federal, State, and local statutes, regulations, and ordinances that govern the manner in which those agencies conduct their day-to-day operations. While the direct applicability of these regulatory requirements to a public agency is straightforward, their applicability to a private entity doing business under contract with a public agency presents a more complicated question. This paper attempts to answer the question whether, and to what extent, the broad range of Government regulatory requirements "flows through" and becomes binding on a private operator contracting with a transit agency. KW - Contractors KW - Federal laws KW - Federal regulations KW - Government regulations KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators KW - Regulations KW - Regulatory constraints KW - Transit operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634011 AU - Woodman, G K AU - Eckert, Seamans, Cherin & Mellott TI - MANAGER'S HANDBOOK: GUIDANCE FOR ADDRESSING SECTION 13(C) ISSUES PY - 1987 SP - v.p. AB - The document provides background of 13(c) labor protection provision of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964; it reviews the standard agreement; it looks at the provisions that must be included in an agreement in order to provide a sufficient legal basis for the Secretary of Labor to certify that fair and equitable arrangements are in place to protect the interests of employees; and it outlines the obstacles to private sector contracting. The paper emphasizes that it is critical for transit managers to review and understand the terms of their 13(c) agreement so they can develop a strategy to negotiate revisions in 13(c) agreements in order to secure the maximum ability to manage their systems in the most effective and efficient manner. KW - Contract administration KW - Handbooks KW - Labor agreements KW - Labor negotiations KW - Management KW - Management control systems KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375525 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634012 AU - Kaiser, R G AU - Public Private Transportation Network TI - ORGANIZING AND CONDUCTING AN EFFECTIVE PRE-BID CONFERENCE PY - 1987 SP - 7 p. AB - The report presenets the following categories that must be considered as part of an effective pre-bid conference: the purpose of the conference; timing vis-a-vis the bid submission date; attendance of the procuring agency personnel; invitation list; types of information to be presented; conducting the meeting so it will foster communication and provide answers; and follow-up. KW - Bids KW - Contracting KW - Management information and control KW - Management information systems KW - Pre-bid conferences KW - Procurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/374578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00480821 AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REGIONAL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PLANNING, DENVER. FINAL REPORT PY - 1987 SP - 97 p. AB - This regional transit system planning project constitutes a preliminary feasibility study for the Denver area. The report summarizes the work of the Peat Marwick team in analyzing transportation requirements and transit alternatives; it documents conclusions and recommendations to be considered by the RTD Board when developing a final transit system plan for the Denver region. Conclusions and recommendations refer both to the physical transit systems that best meet the needs of the area, and to major steps to be followed when implementing the plan. The sole purpose of this feasibility study was to determine whether projects are worthwhile and whether engineering or other analysis should be undertaken. This report consists of 7 chapters. Chapter 1 is the summary. Chapter 2, Patronage Analysis, addresses issues related to appropriate techniques and data to be used in estimating ridership for transit alternatives. Chapter 3 highlights regional travel patterns and identifies 5 travel sheds with highest potential for improvements. The development of alternatives in each major travel shed is described in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 focuses on transportation needs and options within the Denver Central Business District. Chapter 6 summarizes the results of the analysis of alternatives in the various travel sheds and begin the process of combining the most promising alternatives into regional transit systems. The final chapter summarizes the conclusions and recommendations of the study. The report includes several Appendices with additional technical information developed during the study, i.e., assumptions and sources of information, evaluation results of alternatives, and results of special studies. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/291692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00476998 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA ABSTRACTS. COMPENDIUM. JULY-DECEMBER 1987 PY - 1987 SP - 61 p. AB - This is a compilation/compendium of Technical Report Documentation pages that provide bibliographic information and abstracts for 41 recently available UMTA-sponsored documents. The compendium is compiled twice a year and replaces the former bimonthly publication of the UMTA Abstracts. This compendium is a courtesy service exclusively for subscribers to the UMTRIS publication titled "Urban Transportation Abstracts". KW - Aged KW - Airport access KW - Conductivity KW - Costs KW - Energy consumption KW - Linear motors KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Safety KW - Synchronous motors KW - Transit services KW - Volunteers KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468790 AU - TIME Support Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT TIME AND THE TIME SUPPORT CENTER PY - 1987 SP - n.p. AB - Discussed is the TIME, Transit Industry Microcomputer Exchange, a computer group whose purpose it is to aid the uptake of computer technology by transit agencies and the TIME Support Center, its business office operated by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Vanderbilit University. Also given is a TIME Catalog which details available software products and describes each of the publications and documents available from them. KW - Catalogs KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Technology transfer KW - Transportation KW - Transportation equipment industry UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471610 AU - Cardenas, J A AU - Dallas Area Rapid Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DART EDUCATION PROGRAM: TRANSPORTATION CURRICULUM PY - 1987 SP - 230 p. AB - Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) service area has a population of 1.4 million people, a geographic area of approximately 900 square miles and serves 16 cities. Most of these cities had never been served by mass transportation prior to the 1983 DART referendum. This transit education curriculum, developed in cooperation with the Intercultural Development Research Association in San Antonio, Texas, is designed as a three-pronged program that includes a comprehensive transit curriculum, classroom presentation and instructor development, and transit-related field trips. It consists of six one-week instructional units designed to promote awareness, usage, and positive attitudes toward public transportation in general and the local transit system in particular. Specifically, the curriculum focuses on the role which public transportation serves in meeting the present and projected needs of a rapidly changing urban society. Classroom presentations for all elementary grades include an introduction to the DART system, information needed to ride the bus, and safety and citizenship. DARTRAN, a robotic transit genius, presents a six-minute sound-recorded program for younger students. Collateral materials include an education comic book, schoolbook covers and other supplements. Presentations for middle school and high school students emphasize the present and future transit system, what the rail project will mean for the region, how DART services relate specifically to students and society, and what career options are available in the transit industry. Results of this transit program are expected to enrich the student, the instructor, and DART. KW - Curricula KW - Dallas Area Rapid Transit KW - Education KW - School children KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280818 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462113 AU - Corddry Carpenter Dietz and Zack AU - Westchester County Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS FACILITY STUDY. PHASE 2 PY - 1986/12 SP - 83 p. AB - The objective of this Phase 2 Bus Facility Study was to design one or more satellite bus garages to supplement the major maintenance facility and garage at Yonkers, New York (established in Phase 1). This centralized facility is capable of performing major maintenance on the entire bus fleet, but only 250 buses can be stored and operated from this modern facility. Construction of a satellite bus facility would provide storage, servicing, and routine maintenance for the additional 139 vehicles, and would help meet the Westchester County entire transit system's dire need for improved bus maintenance and storage facilities. Westchester County Department of Transportation (WCDOT) provides public transit service throughout the County by purchasing services from 16 privately owned bus companies that currently operate from 15 separate facilities that vary from the modern Transit Facility in Yonkers to a number of cramped garages with outdated equipment and outdoor bus storage. Since the County retains bus ownership and subsidizes the operations of the private operators to offset losses, modern facilities and equipment would be of major importance to the County's interest. Overall, this study task was to determine satellite bus facility requirements, locate best available sites, and prepare preliminary building and site layouts for the satellite garage. This report documents the functional requirements and conceptual layouts for the new satellite bus facility in the County's Grasslands and provides implementation schedules and project costs for the new facility. Appendices herein provide additional satellite facility information, namely, requirements, 12 site evaluations, 6 alternate site evaluations, space programs, and other. KW - Bus garages KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Modernization KW - Satellites facilities KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Westchester County (New York) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273961 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00499363 AU - Cooney, N A AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - ADMINISTRATION, OFFICE OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SECURITY INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM (SIRS) FOR BUS TRANSIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 44 p. AB - The security incident reporting system (sirs) is a microcomputer-based software program demonstrated at the metropolitan transit commission (mtc) in Minneapolis, mn. Sirs is designed to provide convenient storage, update and retrieval of security incident data. The program utilizes data from dispatcher, bus operator, security officer, and municipal police reports. Drawing on this data, the program produces standard reports, summarizing incident frequency, type, time, location and other attributes. In addition, the system can be queried to provide ad hoc statistical information, and individual incident records can be retrieved for inspection. Although sirs was designed to meet the requirements of mtc, it has applicability to transit bus systems in general and can be modified to meet the varying input and output requirements of other transit systems. Section 1 of this report describes the need for efficient and accurate security incident data reporting within the transit industry and discusses the role of automation in improving the reporting process. Section 2 of the report outlines the relevant characteristics of mtc and its security department. Section 3 details the design of the sirs sytem and the functions it can perform. Lastly, section 4 describes the applicability of sirs to the transit industry in general and recommends future efforts to promote the use of automated reporting systems like sirs. (Author/TRRL) KW - Accident KW - Automatic KW - Automatic control KW - Automation KW - Bus KW - Buses KW - Crashes KW - Data acquisition KW - Data collection KW - Digital computer KW - Digital computers KW - Incident detection KW - Incident detection KW - Micro KW - Micro KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Statistics KW - Statistics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/311617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471396 AU - Cooney, N A AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SECURITY INCIDENT REPORTING SYSTEM (SIRS) FOR BUS TRANSIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 44 p. AB - The Security Incident Reporting System (SIRS) is a microcomputer-based software program demonstrated at the Metropolitan Transit Commission (MTC) in Minneapolis, MN. SIRS is designed to provide convenient storage, update and retrieval of security incident data. The program utilizes data from dispatcher, bus operator, security officer, and municipal police reports. Drawing on this data, the program produces standard reprts, summarizing incident frequency, type, time, location and other attributes. In addition, the system can be queried to provide ad hoc statistical information, and individual incident records can be retrieved for inspection. Although SIRS was designed to meet the requirements of MTC, it has applicability to transit bus systems in general and can be modified to meet the varying input and output requirements of other transit systems. Section 1 of this report describes the need for efficient and accurate security incident data reporting within the transit industry and discusses the role of automation in improving the reporting process. Section 2 of the report outlines the relevant characteristics of MTC and its security department. Section 3 details the design of the SIRS system and the functions it can perform. Lastly, Section 4 describes the applicability of SIRS to the transit industry in general and recommends future efforts to promote the use of automated reporting systems like SIRS. KW - Automation KW - Bus transportation KW - Microcomputers KW - Reporting KW - Reports KW - Security KW - Security incident reporting system (Sirs) KW - Software KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469754 AU - Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Incorporated AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WEST SIDE MANHATTAN BUS STORAGE FEASIBILITY STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - v.p. AB - The objective of this study is to examine the need for and feasibility of creating a bus storage facility on Manhattan's West Side, in order to free up additional capacity and provide more reliable travel time in the Lincoln Tunnel, improve PABT operations, reduce the number of buses parked on-street in Manhattan (especially in residential areas), and reduce traffic and air quality problems associated with bus layover throughout Manhattan's West Side. KW - Air pollution KW - Bus layover KW - Bus terminals KW - Buses KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281724 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468832 AU - Gilliland, R G AU - Lyttle, D D AU - Pearson, G W AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATED MAGNETIC PROPULSION AND SUSPENSION (IMPS) FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - n.p. AB - This report describes the development of critical technology for an Integrated Magnetic Propulsion and Suspension (IMPS) system for automated guideway transportation. Baseline work begun by Rohr Industries, in 1970, was picked up by Boeing Aerospace, beginning in 1978 and continued to the present. Significant gains were demonstrated in the areas of linear motor development, power control and conditioning, and in non-contacting air gap sensor and control system development. The IMPS technology is seen to be competitive with magnetically levitated machines being developed in Europe and Japan. With continued development, the Linear Synchronous Unipolar Motor (LSUM) can make the IMPS technology competitive with steel wheel and rail transit on an energy consumption basis. It can provide a higher level of service and lower overall operating and maintenance costs than competing systems. The IMPS technology and the development of solid state electronics have matured to where it is completely feasible to develop a full scale demonstration IMPS system. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Linear induction motors KW - Linear motors KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Synchronous motors KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472716 AU - Scott, K D AU - Hills, F S AU - Markham, S E AU - Vest, M J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND ACTUAL PERFORMANCE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 8 p. AB - The purpose of the research reported here is to examine the efficacy of merit pay plans and their effectiveness in transit organizations. Specifically, the goals of this project were to: 1) investigate the relationship between performance ratings and merit increases; 2) investigate whether supervisors consistently rate employees too high or too low compared to other supervisors; 3) investigate whether merit increases are given to the same individuals year after year or whether they are random; 4) investigate whether employees perceive a linkage between merit pay and performance; and 5) investigate employee perceptions critical to successful merit pay programs. The research site for this study was a large transit system on the West Coast, employing over 5,000 employees, with approximately 1,400 employees participating in the system's employee perceptions of the merit pay process, the performance appraisal process, and other work-related issues critical to successful merit pay programs. Certain information necessary to the study was more efficiently collected from employee records than with questionnaires. Information collected from organization records included employee performance appraisal scores, employee merit pay increases, and employee length of service. Employee appraisal scores and merit increases were collected over a three-year period. The study found that employees generally believe in the concept of a merit-based pay system and believe their supervisors do rate individuals on their performance. However, the results also indicate that there are several areas in which the merit pay system can be improved. First, supervisors need to do a more effective job of keeping employees informed about their performance level. Second, there are large differences across supervisors in the average performance appraisal scores which they gave their subordinates. Third, the study found that certain supervisors tend to allow systematic bias to enter employee evaluations. Finally, an analysis of the peformance evaluation-pay increase relationship suggests that this linkage is not so strong as it should be under a pure pay-for-performance system. These findings are discussed in the report and recommendations are made to transit agencies to improve the design of merit-based pay plans. KW - Attitudes KW - Employee compensation KW - Incentives KW - Merit pay KW - Performance evaluations KW - Transit personnel KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281381 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472783 AU - Au, T AU - Hendrickson, C AU - Martinelli, D AU - Carnegie Mellon University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROJECT FINANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 142 p. AB - This report addresses the issues of financing the construction of transit and bus facilities. Financing methods can have a profound effect on the ultimate cost and effectiveness of particular projects. The report consists of six chapters including a literature review, a set of case studies and the presentation of appropriate procedures. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of literature on construction finance as well as defining the objective and scope of the investigation. Chapter 2 describes current construction financing practices of transit agencies, citing data from four recent federally assisted projects. Chapter 3 presents the basic concepts and relationships pertinent to financing of projects during construction. Chapter 4 presents appropriate methods for analysis of project finance alternatives including the development of spreadsheet template for financial evaluation which can be used by local agencies. Chapter 5 proposes some innovative financing strategies and discusses their merits under various circumstances. Chapter 6 presents a summary and recommendations on the basis of the investigation. KW - Construction projects KW - Financing KW - Ost university research KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472717 AU - Scott, K D AU - Hills, F S AU - Markham, S E AU - Vest, M J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND ACTUAL PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 46 p. AB - The purpose of the research reported here is to examine the efficacy of merit pay plans and their effectiveness in transit organizations. Specifically, the goals of this project were to: 1) investigate the relationship between performance ratings and merit increases; 2) investigate whether supervisors consistently rate employees too high or too low compared to other supervisors; 3) investigate whether merit increases are given to the same individuals year after year or whether they are random; 4) investigate whether employees perceive a linkage between merit pay and performance; and 5) investigate employee perceptions critical to successful merit pay programs. The research site for this study was a large transit system on the West Coast, employing over 5,000 employees, with approximately 1,400 employees participating in the system's employee perceptions of the merit pay process, the performance appraisal process, and other work-related issues critical to successful merit pay programs. Certain information necessary to the study was more efficiently collected from employee records than with questionnaires. Information collected from organization records included employee performance appraisal scores, employee merit pay increases, and employee length of service. Employee appraisal scores and merit increases were collected over a three-year period. The study found that employees generally believe in the concept of a merit-based pay system and believe their supervisors do rate individuals on their performance. However, the results also indicate that there are several areas in which the merit pay system can be improved. First, supervisors need to do a more effective job of keeping employees informed about their performance level. Second, there are large differences across supervisors in the average performance appraisal scores which they gave their subordinates. Third, the study found that certain supervisors tend to allow systematic bias to enter employee evaluations. Finally, an analysis of the peformance evaluation-pay increase relationship suggests that this linkage is not so strong as it should be under a pure pay-for-performance system. These findings are discussed in the report and recommendations are made to transit agencies to improve the design of merit-based pay plans. KW - Attitudes KW - Employee compensation KW - Incentives KW - Merit pay KW - Performance evaluations KW - Transit personnel KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281382 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471507 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. CASE STUDIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 65 p. AB - Study objectives are to assist local and regional agencies by examining new approaches and procedures for involving the private sector in the planning and implementation of highway and transit systems, and to recommend ways to improve public/private partnerships, emphasizing the mutual benefits that can be derived. The four cities highlighted in this study are Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas and Los Angeles. Detailed documentation of the experiences in the four cities is provided along with a brief overview of the transportation planning process and private sector initiatives of each. KW - Case studies KW - Implementation KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5587/791a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280761 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471394 AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, 1987-1991 PY - 1986/12 SP - 146 p. AB - This report documents the Transportation Improvement Program, 1987-1991 (TIP) endorsed by the Metropolitan Planning Organization. The TIP is a staged, five-year program of improvement projects that are consistent with the Transportation Plan developed for the Boston region's highway and public transportation systems. Projects listed herein are expected to be candidates for federal funding of their implementation at some point over the next five fiscal years. Projects listed in the Annual Element are expected to be ready for implementation funds during federal Fiscal Year 1987. Projects that are not programmed to receive federal funds during the five-year period covered by this TIP are included for information only. In addition, projects scheduled for implementation with local or state funds only are listed in section Iv.5 in order to give a complete picture of regional projects and their programming. The TIP is developed and updated annually under the direction of the Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), in cooperation with state and local officials. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation improvement program/tip KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471534 AU - Gellert, W A AU - Everett, C T AU - Kirby, R F AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR TRANSIT AGENCIES IN A MORE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT. DRAFT PY - 1986/12 SP - v.p. AB - Case studies of transit agencies in Norfolk, Seattle, Houston, San Diego, and Pittsburgh suggest that some transit agencies have recognized the need to reorient their planning and operations for a more competitive environment by adopting cost-cutting and market-oriented strategies similar to those of airline, trucking, intercity bus, and railroad firms that have succeeded under deregulation. Of the five case-study agencies, those that have been most successful in following these strategies have effectively preempted competition by contracting with private operators and moving aggressively into new markets such as van-pooling and door-to-door services for the disabled. As more competition comes to public transit, these agencies will be well positioned to compete successfully. Those transit agencies that have not adopted strategies for operating in a more competitive environment are in danger of losing significant market share to the private sector. KW - Case studies KW - Competition KW - Cost control KW - Marketing KW - Private enterprise KW - Strategic planning KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471443 AU - Project for Public Spaces, Incorporated AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING HOW A STREET WORKS FOR ALL USERS. PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 137 p. AB - New York City requires a careful review of new developments on its transportation infrastructure including impacts on pedestrian traffic elements--sidewalks, crosswalks, and corners. This study sets out to address the pedestrian congestion problems of Midtown Manhattan with the intent of establishing a reliable analysis methodology applicable to NYC traffic conditions. The study purports to test and validate the Time-Space method, documented in TRB Report No. 209 of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), for measuring pedestrian movement and crowding at corners and sidewalks. Time-lapse photography was the primary validating technique used to measure pedestrian activities at selected intersection corners and crosswalks. Basically, the study effort consisted of the filming of these intersections; field counts of pedestrian traffic coordinated with this filming; measurements of corner and sidewalk geometry; development of a computer analysis model and sensitivity testing of input factors in the computer model; data take-off from the time-lapse film; comparison of this data with HCM model input parameters and calculated values; and the development of modifications to these parameters, if indicated. The study concluded that the HCM model provided a good mathematical model of corner and crosswalk activity, but the default values in the model required adjustment for observed NYC conditions. Recommendations to modify the HCM formulas simplify the overall calculations and improve the accuracy of the formulas for NYC conditions. The study also calls for a City policy mandating that all reports use one consistent approach for determining the level of pedestrian service. KW - Business districts KW - Commercial districts KW - Crosswalks KW - Highway design KW - Highway traffic KW - Intersections KW - New York (New York) KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Sidewalks KW - Simulation KW - Street design KW - Streets KW - Time lapse photography KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280736 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471546 AU - Maine Tomorrow AU - Maine Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ANALYSIS AND ACTION STRATEGY FOR SELECT SURFACE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SERVICES IN MAINE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 155 p. AB - In June 1985, the Maine State Legislature created the Social Services Transportation Review Committee to conduct a general review of social services transportation which resulted in the Maine DOT comprehensive study of Maine's surface passenger transportation (SPT) needs and services report. This 1986 study was based on different issues vis-a-vis the 1976 SPT needs study; it focused on demand responsive bus service, local area transit, management and operations of services, and public financing limitations; the 1976 study focused on same services plus other forms of SPT ranging from rail to taxis, church buses to school buses, and differing political issues (energy crisis and service coordination). The specific services in the 1986 study include the demand response and 12 local area transit services which receive nearly all the public funds available in Maine for public bus transportation. This report is organized into 4 parts: Part 1 reviews relevant characteristics of the population in need of SPT services; Part 2 presents the operational aspects of existing service delivery system; Part 3 identifies public policy issues; and Part 4 presents recommendations related to the issues raised. The subject areas addressed in this report relate to unmet needs and service demand levels; capital and operating expenses; service coordination among providers; state agency involvement; operations managememt; systemwide planning; management information systems; and service marketing. This report lays the essential groundwork for the Maine Legislature, state and local transportation officials to take the much needed action to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of existing services. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Public transit KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - State government KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280785 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472094 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 37 p. AB - This report documents ways to involve the private sector in the planning and implementation of highway and transit systems, and recommends procedures for improving public/private partnerships in urban transportation at the State, regional, and local levels. The report provides a broad overview of the opportunities available and briefly reviews a wide variety of techniques followed by successful applications in 20 cities across the Nation. These case studies cover the highway and transit modes and represent all major groups of private sector participants, including local businesses and community groups, major developers and transit service providers. Six of those cases were studied in greater detail. The six cases include: three examples of private sector involvement in the planning process; two examples in providing transit services; and, one example in coordinating and formulating a zoning ordinance. Examples of private sector involvement in the planning process include: regional mobility planning efforts in Chicago, Illinois' northern suburbs; a city-wide effort to address Cleveland, Ohio's deteriorating infrastructure, and a neighborhood transportation management plan for Dallas, Texas. Examples of private sector involvement in providing transit service are drawn from Chicago, Illinois, and Los Angeles, California. Lastly, the example of private sector involvement in coordinating and formulating a development fee ordinance is drawn from Los Angeles, California. KW - Case studies KW - Highway transportation KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56513/privatesectorinv00join_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280923 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463464 AU - Scott, K D AU - Hills, F S AU - Markham, S E AU - Vest, M J AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - PAY-FOR-PERFORMANCE. AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF TRANSIT EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES AND ACTUAL PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/12 SP - 38 p. AB - In response to pressures for increased productivity and better quality of service, transit authorities are reexamining the use of financial incentive programs (FIPs). Examined here is the efficacy of merit pay plans and their effectiveness in the transit environment. Chapter 1 presents in detail the reasons for this research, an overview of merit pay programs, objectives of the study, and a brief outline of the research approach. Chapter 2 presents a review of the literature on merit pay plans. The findings of the literature review are examined with respect to empirical research as well as strengths and weaknesses of merit pay programs. A detailed description of the study research methodology is provided in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents a summary of research findings, and Chapter 5 provides a discussion of the research findings, conclusions, and implications. KW - Attitudes KW - Employee compensation KW - Incentives KW - Merit pay KW - Ost university research KW - Performance KW - Ratings KW - Transit personnel KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56497/payforperforman8710vapo_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462906 AU - Stokes, R W AU - Peterson, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURVEY OF TRANSITWAY PROJECTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1986/11 SP - 44 p. AB - This report presents a review of eight operational transitways in four states and one Canadian Province. The review focuses on identifying the general design and operating characteristics of transitways and the development impacts these facilities have had on the urban areas in which they are located. The intent of the review is to develop a preliminary data base for assessing the transferability of the results to a study of the land use impacts of the Houston (Texas) transitway system. The review indicates that virtually no research on the land use impacts of transitways has been conducted. Additionally, the majority of transitway operators contacted indicated that no such research is being considered in the near future. KW - Busways KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Express buses KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Park and ride KW - Priority treatment KW - Surveys KW - United States KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274370 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462071 AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Norwalk Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LONG TERM IMPACTS OF UPTOWN TRAFFIC ON WHEELS BUS SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/11 SP - 93 p. AB - The WHEELS bus system, established in 1978, is operated by the Norwalk Transit District (NTD). It is a timed transfer or pulse system centered in downtown Norwalk at the pulse point on Burnell boulevard. In 1985, WHEELS provided 1.29 million linked passenger trips (7th year of consecutive growth). This ridership increase reflects both the success of the system in attracting new passengers, as well as the growth within the service area. The study centers around the challenges and opportunities that the proposed City developments and the redevelopment of the business district present to the bus system. The objective of this project was to assess the impact of the proposed developments on WHEELS ridership, travel times, scheduling, and fleet requirements for the period 1986-1995; and to develop operating recommendations that will enable the NTD to maintain reliable service. This report documents the impacts of future development upon bus operations and ridership levels, and analyzes the changes needed to maintain reliable routes and schedules for the WHEELS bus system. It also includes conceptual designs for a relocated/new pulse point within the framework of the business district redevelopment. Data concerning traffic, transit, and development was assimilated from work accomplished over the past 5 years. Existing conditions were examined and baseline conditions established for traffic and ridership. The combined effects of traffic delays and increased demand were forecast for each route, and recommendations were developed to allow the system to continue to operate efficiently. Results of the study indicate that future development will increase traffic delay along several bus routes. An 18 percent ridership increase was estimated (1,000 more trips per day). KW - Bus transportation KW - Central business districts KW - Impact tests KW - Level of service KW - Long term KW - Pulse methods KW - Redevelopment KW - Ridership KW - Time duration KW - Traffic KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468816 AU - Holmstrom, F Ross AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SIGNALING SYSTEMS. VOLUME III: DATA AND TEST RESULTS PY - 1986/11 SP - 40 p. AB - This report presents comparative inductive interference data obtained from four U.S. rapid transit systems employing chopper propulsion control, as part of the Rail Transit Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility program conducted by the Transportation Systems Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chopper propulsion control is standard at three of the systems: Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART); Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA); and Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA). The fourth system, New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), conducted operational tests of a prototype chopper propulsion system installed in a married pair of R-46 cars. The four propulsion systems were designed and manufactured by four different suppliers. The theory of inductive interference generation in rapid transit signaling systems and discussion of the mechanisms involved, has been presented in an earlier report in this series: Inductive Interference in Rapid Transit Signaling Systems, Volume I: Theory and Background (NTIS Order Number PB 87-114427/AS, Price A03). That report provides the basis for analyzing the supplementary data presented here. Suggested test procedures for observing, recording and analyzing inductive interference signals have been presented in a second report: Inductive Interference in Rapid Transit Signaling, Volume II: Suggested Test Procedures, which has not been entered into the NTIS system at this time. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Data analysis KW - Inductive interference KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Signal systems KW - Test results KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279571 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468817 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY'S AUTOMOTIVE TRAINING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. SEPTA NO. 675 PY - 1986/11 SP - n.p. AB - The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) reorganized its system of job progression by eliminating seniority as the leading determinant for promotion and requiring training and testing of individuals desiring to advance in their lines of progression. The Automotive Training Demonstration program was jointly-sponsored effort of SEPTA and the Council for Labor and Industry. The project provided SEPTA's Automotive Equipment Maintenance Department employees with training in certain basic skill areas in order to increase individual productivity and system reliability. Formal classroom training was provided in five areas of expertise: diesel engines; transmissions; chassis; air-conditioning; and electrical systems. The Federally-funded mechanic training program was a one-time activity. Once all maintenance mechanics had received training, it was provided on an as-needed basis, using operating funds. The ultimate goal of the program was the eventual establishment of an apprentice-type program for maintenance mechanics and was eventually expanded even further to include foremen and superintendent trainee programs. The information contained in this report was obtained through discussions with Administrators and instructors who participated in the program from its inception to the present. KW - Automotive training KW - Demonstration projects KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Mechanics KW - Promotion KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468002 AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS PRIORITY IMPROVEMENT STUDY ANALYSIS OF BUS PRIORITY PROPOSALS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/11 SP - 171 p. AB - This study is an outgrowth of New York City's (NYC) "people-oriented policy" that emphasizes bus transit and has resulted in the development of 20 bus-priority lanes and streets over the past 20 years (most occurred after 1984). It also reflects NYC strong interest in developing and updating bus priority improvement programs that help move buses more efficiently in NYC's traffic. This report contains numerous citywide proposals based upon a review of previous proposals, field observations, and detailed traffic analysis. The study identifies innovative ways of expediting bus flow in the Manhattan CBD, on the gateways leading to it, and in the outlying 5 boroughs. Creative and workable solutions are developed that fit site specific settings and compliment the City's efforts. Recommended detailed improvement concepts and guidelines provide a sound basis for preparing implementation plans. The report is organized into 3 main sections: Section 1 provides an introduction and summary of NYC's experience and dramatic increase in bus priority treatments over the past decade; Section 2 contains a detailed analysis of various bus priority proposals; the improvements are grouped by borough or major gateway; and Section 3 provides a summary analysis and the screening of the Bus Priority Treatment proposals; it identifies bus priority projects to be implemented, further analyzed, deferred or dropped from consideration. Section 3 also identifies traffic engineering actions that will benefit bus flow and can be incorporated into the borough traffic engineers' ongoing program. A more elaborate set of bus priority proposals are under consideration as part of the City's Manhattan Auto Restriction Program. KW - Analysis KW - Bus priority KW - Central business districts KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - New York (New York) KW - Proposals KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471445 AU - Stokes, R W AU - Peterson, R L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURVEY OF TRANSITWAY PROJECTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA PY - 1986/11 SP - 51 p. AB - The Houston Metropolitan Area is currently implementing one of the most extensive high occupancy vehicle (HOV) priority treatment networks in the nation. Over 40 miles of transitways are currently under construction with another 23 miles in the final planning and design stages. This research will assist the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in evaluating potential land use and transportation impacts resulting from implementation of transitways and/or park and ride facilities. A review of 8 operational transitways in 4 states and 1 Canadian Province is presented. The review focuses on identifying existing transitway projects, summarizing their design and operating features, and highlighting the development impacts on urban areas where transitway projects are located. The intent of the review was to develop a preliminary database for assessing the transferability of the results to a study of the land use impacts of the Houston transitway system. Two categories of transitways are surveyed: 1) a roadway built for exclusive use by HOVs, for all or part of the day, in a right-of-way independent from any general traffic facility; and 2) a lane/lanes specifically dedicated for HOV use and fully separated (barriers) from adjacent general purpose travel lanes. Information on current transitway projects in the U.S. and Canada was obtained from a literature search of the TRIS database, mailout and phone surveys of operators in 15 urban areas, and site visits to Houston, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, and Ottawa. The review indicates that virtually no research on the land use impacts of transitways has been conducted, nor is any research being considered in the future. KW - Canada KW - Data collection KW - Express buses KW - Guideways KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Park and ride KW - Priority treatment KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 8 KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280738 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462807 AU - Sturz, H AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WILLIAMSBURG BRIDGE PLAZA TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1986/10 SP - 58 p. AB - The Washington Plaza, usually called the Williamsburg Bridge Plaza, is located at the base of the Williamsburg Bridge at the junction of the bridge and the Brooklyn/Queens Expressway in Brooklyn, New York. The Plaza area is troubled with such problems as conflicting and dangerous vehicular and pedestrian movements, disorganized bus terminal operations, double parking, and deteriorating and unsafe parks and playgrounds. The objectives of this study are: to design schemes for efficient and safer bus terminal operations; to use transportation systems management measures to improve bus movements and accessibility to parks and bus terminal; to eliminate conflicting vehicular and pedestrian movements; and to redesign public amenities to improve the environment and image of the Plaza. This report analyzes the area's problems, summarizes the study's findings, and recommends alternatives that will improve the efficiency of traffic, transit and pedestrian flows in the Plaza. Since the recommended improvements for the Plaza involve multijurisdictional and multi-use projects, the study callls for the Mayor's Office of Construction Coordination's involvement to assure proper timing and implementation of these efforts. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Amenities KW - Bus terminals KW - Highway traffic KW - Parking KW - Parks KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Playgrounds KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463466 AU - Transportation Accounting Consortium AU - Michigan Department of Social Services AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Department of Health and Human Services TI - RURAL TRANSPORTATION ACCOUNTING. A MODEL UNIFORM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION PROVIDERS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/10 SP - v.p. AB - This manual describes how to use a streamlined accounting system developed for small bus systems serving rural areas or elderly and handicapped persons. It combines several of the techniques explored by the Transportation Accounting Consortium into one standard system with broad applicability and a fair amount of flexibility. The chart of accounts (standard list of cost categories) used by the system is based on UMTA's Section 15 standard accounting system, but modified slightly to meet the requirements of social service agencies sponsoring or operating transportation services. The system was specifically designed to allow microcomputer use to facilitate processing of its management and reporting information. KW - Accounting KW - Manuals KW - Microcomputers KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Standardization KW - Transit services UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275733 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00464740 AU - Cutler, M AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDAHO RURAL/SMALL CITY COOPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION MARKETING DEMONSTRATION PROJECT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/10 SP - 240 p. AB - The demonstration focused on systems in Pocatello, Idaho. The project familiarized the transit managers with market research techniques to identify the problems confronting their organizations, and taught them to apply these findings to research key market segments. The report should be of special interest to smaller transit systems. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Marketing KW - Pocatello (Idaho) KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small towns KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56430/idahoruralsmall8717dyna_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274990 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471581 AU - National Cooperative Transit Res & Devel Program AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Labor AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - QUALITY OF WORK LIFE IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY. RESOURCE NOTEBOOK PY - 1986/10 SP - v.p. AB - Quality of Work Life focuses on participative decision making for employees as a means to improve productivity. The various ways include establishment of labor-management committees, incentive programs, and quality circles. Programs typically put high value on employees and use of their knowledge of the job to improve operations. The majority of the document was originally developed for use as the student handbook for a series of four workshops designed to explore the concept and its implementation. It describes the Quality of Work Life concept and provides an overview of the transit industry, reviews techniques to identify needs for organizational change and describes a number of processes to implement solutions. Techniques to involve workers in the change process are described generically. Specific case studies are included. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Employee participation KW - Incentives KW - Labor relations KW - Productivity KW - Transit personnel KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work environment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281790 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468883 AU - Gilliland, R G AU - Pearson, G W AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS UNIPOLAR MOTOR (LSUM) DEVELOPMENT REPORT PY - 1986/10 SP - 232 p. AB - The development and test of an Integrated Magnetic Propulsion and Suspension motor is described. The machine, designated as a Linear Synchronous Unipolar Motor (LSUM), utilizes rare earth permanent magnets to supply its magnetic field, giving primary suspension for a transit vehicle without significant energy consumption. The properties of the synchronous motor allow better utilization of the vehicle power conditioning equipment by obtaining a higher power factor and efficiency product than possible with the linear induction motor. The LSUM was tested and evaluated in a static test facility. A complete documentation of life and thrust performance over the full range of a vehicle operating scenario, and a description of magnetic flux in and around the machine were obtained. The concept of supplying the unipolar magnetic field with rare earth magnets, and boosting that field with D.C. coils for lift control was proven during the test. The motor showed its potential for use in an automated public transportation system, particularly those systems that are characterized by a relative low ratio of thrust to lift. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Linear motors KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Permanent magnets KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Synchronous motors KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472792 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/10 SP - 138 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281441 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472799 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER SEVEN: TRANSIT FARE POLICIES PY - 1986/10 SP - 60 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472718 AU - Putman, S H AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PERSPECTIVES TO THE YEAR 2000: POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF DOING NOTHING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/10 SP - 48 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine some often ignored indirect effects of reduction or elimination of transit services. While transit use may be a small percentage of total regional trips, specific urban corridors can have very high transit trip shares. Normal analyses of the consequences of eliminating transit service in such corridors might only consider the costs to the transit users thus forced to find alternative transportation. It is quite likely that many of these former transit riders would use the same corridors, but in private automobiles. This would result in substantial increases in trip volumes and congestion. Tripmakers who had never been transit users might find their trip times and costs substantially increased. There would also be reductions in the economic viability of areas served by these newly congested corridors. Such indirect effects can be quite important and should be included in evaluation of transit service reductions. The study made use of computer models of transportation and land use interactions to make an initial assessment of the potential scale of these often overlooked effects. The results of this preliminary study show these effects to be significant and to produce substantial declines in economic activities in corridors formerly served by the eliminated transit services. KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Public transit KW - Service discontinuance KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472791 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/10 SP - 14 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472798 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER SIX: THE ROLE OF LABOR IN TRANSIT'S CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PY - 1986/10 SP - 58 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Labor relations KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472794 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER TWO: THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF TRANSIT IN GROWTH MANAGEMENT PY - 1986/10 SP - 50 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472795 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER THREE: TWENTY PERCENT MODAL SPLIT FIFTY PERCENT FAREBOX RECOVERY PY - 1986/10 SP - 55 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Modal split KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472793 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER ONE: PRIVATE SECTOR SERVICE PROVISION PY - 1986/10 SP - 60 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472800 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER EIGHT: A SET OF RECOMMENDED GOALS, POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES FOR THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PY - 1986/10 SP - 27 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472796 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER FOUR: STATE OPERATING SUBSIDY PY - 1986/10 SP - 37 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State departments of transportation KW - Subsidies KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472797 AU - Kimley-Horn and Associates, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE TRANSIT NEEDS PLAN. PHASE 1. ISSUE PAPER FIVE: TRANSIT SERVICE IN SUBURBAN AND LOW DENSITY AREAS PY - 1986/10 SP - 112 p. AB - The goals, policies, and objectives (GPOs) of the Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) are driven more by statutory requirements than by transit operations, and revolve more around planning, coordination, policy definition, implementation, management strategies, and multi-modal considerations than those of local transit operators. This 10-month project reflects the Department's need to re-evaluate its goal set regarding transit operations to determine the policy direction that best supports and assists transit service implementation at the local level. The Florida Statewide Transit Needs Plan Phase 1 project fully examined transit in Florida--from the proposed high-speed rail system to private transportation services in terms of existing GPOs governing transit operations. The study analyzed GPOs to determine conflicts and concurrences within the goal sets of individual agencies and between agencies studied. Available data and methodologies to measure performance against the GPOs were also examined. Phase 1 consists of the following 10 reports: Final Report--summarizes the methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusions in detail for the entire project; Executive Summary--presents conclusions, recommendations, and a brief overview of the total project; and Eight Issue Papers--address topics of significance to the Florida DOT and state transit operators: Private Sector Transit Service; Role of Transit in Growth Management; Twenty Percent Modal Split and Fifty Percent Farebox Recovery; State Operating Subsidy; Transit Service in Suburban and Low Density Areas; Role of Labor in Transit's Current Status and Future Development; Transit Fare Policies; and Recommended Set of Goals, Policies, and Objectives for Florida DOT. KW - Fares KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - State departments of transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Transit services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281446 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465771 AU - Lave, R AU - Teal, R F AU - Cross, G AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE USE OF CONTRACTING BY PUBLIC TRANSIT AGENCIES IN CALIFORNIA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09/30 SP - 82 p. AB - This study documents and assesses the use of contracting arrangements by public transit agencies in California for obtaining goods and services from the private sector. The study's purpose is to describe contracting by public transit agencies, as the beginning process to ascertain the need for assistance in contracting and prescribe the form of that assistance if it is needed. This report addresses (1) the scope of contracting defined as the variety of goods and services purchased; (2) the quantity of contracting-defined in terms of dollars contracted, the number of contracts and other numeric measures; and (3) the quality of contracting. It is intended to provide information to demonstrate the present use of contracting in transit operations, and to aid transit agencies in understanding how to use contracting effectively. KW - California KW - Contracting KW - Governments KW - Private enterprise KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5592/799a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472714 AU - SMITH, J L AU - East Tennessee State University, Johnson City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT FUNDING AGREEMENTS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND TRANSIT OPERATING PROPERTIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09/08 SP - 78 p. AB - This report presents the result of a survey of transit operating properties reporting data to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration under Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964. The survey collected information concerning the existence of joint funding relationships between operating properties and local colleges, universities or technical schools. Joint funding relationships are agreements between transit systems and institutions wherein the transit system extends services beyond those normally provided in return for some form of non-fare consideration from the school. Four hundred and thirty-five systems were surveyed. Two hundred and fifteen responded. Forty-seven of these systems indicated that they had entered into such relationships. The respondents indicated satisfaction with the relationships. On the average, the relationships generated revenues of $335,585. This accounted for approximately 18% of total system revenue. Most systems indicated that no additional manpower or capital were required to institute the relationship. A variety of formal agreements were used to institute the relationships. There was no indication that the existence of the relationships reduced dependence upon federal subsidies. Finally, existing performance data are inadequate to ascertain the impact of joint funding relationships upon efficiency and effectiveness. KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281380 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462068 AU - Thompson, T A AU - Cullinan, T J AU - Kulkis, D AU - KNIGHTON, R AU - New York State Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BARRIERS TO PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - v.p. AB - This is a detailed examination by the New York Department of Transportation of barriers to contracting out of public transportation service or its support functions. It includes an examination of the potential relationship between the private sector and various kinds of services, reviews several key barriers to private sector involvement, and explores its tentative conclusions through three case studies. The study highlighted a wide variety of obstacles to the contracting process, originating at all levels of government. These include lack of private involvement in mandated planning processes; the Section 13(c) labor protections; attitudes of local officials; state entry, exit, and tariff regulations; insurance and safety regulations; state legislation mandating particular institutional arrangements; administrative burdens resulting from federal or state regulations; restrictive local ordinances; a lack of private operators to bid; and the initiation of contracts that are negotiated, not bid. It acknowledges some current UMTA actions to address the Federally originated barriers. Most of the material appears to have broad applicability, but some of the discussions of state laws and regulations are specific to New York. Some case studies in various New York counties are included. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bids KW - Case studies KW - Contracting KW - Contracts KW - Government regulations KW - Negotiated contracts KW - New York (State) KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462862 AU - Drain, M C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HEAVY RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY 1985 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 32 p. AB - The Heavy Rail Transit Safety 1985 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of heavy rail transit accident and casualty statistics reported by the thirteen heavy rail transit systems in the United States during 1985, under UMTA's Safety Information Reporting and Analysis System (SIRAS). KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 6 KW - United States KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274342 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462804 AU - Kerr, C AU - Lally, L AU - Technology Applications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1984 SECTION 15 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 638 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the Urban Mass transportation (UMT) Act of 1964, as amended. The report also includes a subset of Section 15 data for use in computing Section 9 apportionments. Section 9 is a formula grant program for capital, operating, and certain other assistance created by the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (which amended the UMT Act). The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the Section 15 reporting system and its relationship to the Section 9 program. Chapter 2 contains aggregate industry statistics derived from the complete Section 15 reports which were submitted. Chapter 3 contains detailed financial and operating data on the individual transit systems which submitted complete Section 15 reports. Chapter 4 contains the operating statistics which were used in the computation of the FY 1986 Section 9 apportionments. All data in this report are for transit fiscal years ending January 1, and December 31, 1984. KW - Finance KW - Fund allocations KW - Operations KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56483/nationalurbanma0603caro_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274304 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462118 AU - Luyanda, F AU - Gandhi, P AU - GONZALEZ, S AU - University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE PUBLICO SYSTEM OF PUERTO RICO TO OTHER AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 239 p. AB - The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of using the "publico" system of Puerto Rico as a basis to provide transportation service in certain markets in urban and rural areas in the United States. The general approach followed consisted of gathering extensive information on the "publico" system including general and specific characteristics of the level of service, users, and operators. The information was analyzed to determine significant differences between the characteristics in four study areas and to compare to paratransit systems in the United States. The comparisons were utilized to assess positive and negative aspects of the "publico" system and to arrive at conclusions and recommendations regarding its potential transferability to other areas. The most important conclusions of this study are: 1. The "publico" system has significant advantages that would justify efforts to facilitate its transferability to the United States. 2. There are several barriers which hamper the potential of transferring "publicos" to the U.S., but there are several changes cccurring in the public transportation environment which could result in the elimination of some of these barriers. 3. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the transferability of any technology, "publico" demonstration experiments should be conducted in the most promising U.S. markets. KW - Hybrids KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Publico system KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ridesharing KW - Shared ride KW - Taxicabs KW - Transferability KW - Umta section 11 KW - United States KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273966 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462117 AU - Luyanda, F AU - Gandhi, P AU - GONZALEZ, S AU - University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE TRANSFERABILITY OF THE PUBLICO SYSTEM OF PUERTO RICO TO OTHER AREAS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 11 p. AB - The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of using the "publico" system of Puerto Rico as a basis to provide transportation service in certain markets in urban and rural areas in the United States. The general approach followed consisted of gathering extensive information on the "publico" system including general and specific characteristics of the level of service, users, and operators. The information was analyzed to determine significant differences between the characteristics in four study areas and to compare to paratransit systems in the United States. The comparisons were utilized to assess positive and negative aspects of the "publico" system and to arrive at conclusions and recommendations regarding its potential transferability to other areas. The most important conclusions of this study are: 1. The "publico" system has significant advantages that would justify efforts to facilitate its transferability to the United States. 2. There are several barriers which hamper the potential of transferring "publicos" to the U.S., but there are several changes cccurring in the public transportation environment which could result in the elimination of some of these barriers. 3. Due to the inherent uncertainty in the transferability of any technology, "publico" demonstration experiments should be conducted in the most promising U.S. markets. KW - Hybrids KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Publico system KW - Puerto Rico KW - Ridesharing KW - Shared ride KW - Taxicabs KW - Transferability KW - Umta section 11 KW - United States KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273965 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462115 AU - Horowitz, J L AU - Koppelman, F S AU - Lerman, S R AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SELF-INSTRUCTING COURSE IN DISAGGREGATE MODE CHOICE MODELING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 184 p. AB - This is a complete, self-instructing course in disaggregate mode choice modeling. It includes a text, worked examples, problems for readers to solve, and solutions to the problems. The course is designed for readers who are familiar with urban transportation planning issues and methods and have knowledge of mathematics at the level of high school algebra. No prior familiarity with statistics or computer programming is needed. The only equipment required, apart from pencil and paper, is a desk calculator. A supplement to the course consists of problems to be worked on a microcomputer. This supplement may be skipped by readers without access to an IBM-compatible microcomputer. The course is divided into self-contained modules of 1-2 hours of work. KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Disaggregate models KW - Logits KW - Microcomputers KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Self-instruction KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/381SIC.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273963 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462110 AU - Northeast Research AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MARKETING SURVEY OF THE BUS PY - 1986/09 SP - 49 p. AB - In the Spring of 1986, Northeast Research conducted a transit marketing survey on The Bus for the Bangor Area Comprehensive Transportation Study Policy Committee. Interviews took place within the bus service area towns of Bangor, Brewer, Hampden, Old Town, Orono, and Veazie and with randomly selected adults, households, and University of Maine campus students. Survey included questions regarding bus ridership, perceptions of bus service, prospects for increased ridership, attitudes towards continued and increased funding support from local property-taxes, media consumption, and demographic characteristics of respondents. Overall, the areawide sample size numbered 832 and the survey response rate was 76.5 percent. Survey results showed that 10 percent of adult riders used the bus 30 days prior to telephone interviews; 19 percent used the bus 6 months prior to survey; and 40 percent of adults used it some time in the past. Bus rider perceptions rated overall bus service as an 8 on a 0-to-10 scale; other services were rated above 7 or 7, namely--schedule maintenance, comfort, cleanliness, driver, convenience, and exact change requirements. Results also indicated that approximately 1550 users will ride The Bus more often and 2600 nonriders will begin using the bus in 1987. Results regarding attitudes toward local tax support for The Bus clearly showed majorities in all 6 service areas favoring current funding levels. Overall, this report is organized to provide a description of the survey, discussions of bus ridership patterns, bus rider perceptions of The Bus service, prospects for increased ridership, and attitudes towards continued and increased local property-tax support for The Bus. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Maine KW - Marketing KW - Property taxes KW - Ratings KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273959 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462051 AU - New York City Department of Environmental Protection AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANHATTAN MICRO NETWORK PROJECT TSD-690. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 67 p. AB - Prompted by the development of a traffic simulation model for the Westside Highway Project (WHP) by Creighton Hamburg, Inc., the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP) embarked on a long-term project to develop a state of the art computer traffic simulation capability. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the development, purpose, operation, capability, and accuracy of the NYCDEP traffic micro-assignment model. The primary utility of the model is for calculation of absolute traffic volumes, for each category of vehicle, for use in constructing Federally mandated emissions inventories, and for calculating changes in emissions due to proposed changes in the Manhattan traffic network or due to major land use changes. Due to the importance of these applications, the model is viewed as a major asset of the NYCDEP in fulfilling its mandate to maintain air quality in New York City. Overall, the NYCDEP Traffic Micro-Assignment Model is an operational traffic simulation model based on the model developed in the WHP. The WHP model network was expanded to include the fine coding of the network for most of the area south of 60th Street in Manhattan. In addition, the model algorithms that simulated bus traffic and turning movements were modified to make the traffic simulations more realistic. In general, the results indicate that the accuracy of the simulated traffic volumes is proportional to the volumes themselves. Where traffic volumes are high, such as on the highways and arterials as a whole, agreement between actual and simulated results is excellent. KW - Algorithms KW - New York (New York) KW - Simulation KW - State of the art studies KW - Traffic simulation KW - Traffic volume KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474146 AU - Uher, R A AU - Sharma, O N AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 18 p. AB - The cost of electricity is a significant portion of the operating costs of rail transit systems. The impact of increasing energy costs is felt by those systems presently in operation and will be felt by those in the planning or construction phases. Because of the number of nuclear power plants coming on line in areas served by transit, the influence of electricity costs on operating and design policies of rail transit authorities is expected to grow in future years. Concerned by rising energy costs, managers of several rail transit authorities have established energy management programs. The objectives of these programs are energy cost reduction and improved energy efficiency. Energy management is a process of understanding a system's energy requirements, with the goals of reduced energy cost and increased energy efficiency. Both goals enhance rail transit productivity. The bottom line is lower electric bills for the transit authority. As a rule, energy management can foster its largest payoff when it is initiated during the design and construction phase of a rail transit system. The high dollar savings occur because low energy cost technology and operating practices can be engineered into the system at the outset. However, changes in technology and operations of present transit systems can also reduce the electric bill. Reduction of energy cost can be achieved through energy conservation, load management, and power rate intervention. These guidelines describe the tools and methodologies for assessing energy conservation strategies and power rate structure modifications. KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Electricity KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy management KW - Guidelines KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285358 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474148 AU - Uher, R A AU - Sharma, O N AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 313 p. AB - The cost of electricity is a significant portion of the operating costs of rail transit systems. The impact of increasing energy costs is felt by those systems presently in operation and will be felt by those in the planning or construction phases. Because of the number of nuclear power plants coming on line in areas served by transit, the influence of electricity costs on operating and design policies of rail transit authorities is expected to grow in future years. Concerned by rising energy costs, managers of several rail transit authorities have established energy management programs. The objectives of these programs are energy cost reduction and improved energy efficiency. Energy management is a process of understanding a system's energy requirements, with the goals of reduced energy cost and increased energy efficiency. Both goals enhance rail transit productivity. The bottom line is lower electric bills for the transit authority. As a rule, energy management can foster its largest payoff when it is initiated during the design and construction phase of a rail transit system. The high dollar savings occur because low energy cost technology and operating practices can be engineered into the system at the outset. However, changes in technology and operations of present transit systems can also reduce the electric bill. Reduction of energy cost can be achieved through energy conservation, load management, and power rate intervention. These guidelines describe the tools and methodologies for assessing energy conservation strategies and power rate structure modifications. KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Electricity KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy management KW - Guidelines KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285360 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474147 AU - Uher, R A AU - Sharma, O N AU - Carnegie Mellon Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME I. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 93 p. AB - The cost of electricity is a significant portion of the operating costs of rail transit systems. The impact of increasing energy costs is felt by those systems presently in operation and will be felt by those in the planning or construction phases. Because of the number of nuclear power plants coming on line in areas served by transit, the influence of electricity costs on operating and design policies of rail transit authorities is expected to grow in future years. Concerned by rising energy costs, managers of several rail transit authorities have established energy management programs. The objectives of these programs are energy cost reduction and improved energy efficiency. Energy management is a process of understanding a system's energy requirements, with the goals of reduced energy cost and increased energy efficiency. Both goals enhance rail transit productivity. The bottom line is lower electric bills for the transit authority. As a rule, energy management can foster its largest payoff when it is initiated during the design and construction phase of a rail transit system. The high dollar savings occur because low energy cost technology and operating practices can be engineered into the system at the outset. However, changes in technology and operations of present transit systems can also reduce the electric bill. Reduction of energy cost can be achieved through energy conservation, load management, and power rate intervention. These guidelines describe the tools and methodologies for assessing energy conservation strategies and power rate structure modifications. KW - Costs KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Electricity KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy efficiency KW - Energy management KW - Guidelines KW - Rehabilitation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462858 AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - BALTIMORE FEEDER BUS PLANNING STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 57 p. AB - This study reviews the process used by Maryland's Mass Transit Administration to plan the feeder bus services for Baltimore's rapid rail line. In addition to documenting the procedures actually used in planning, the document also compares the projected patronage and cost characteristics of the services with those actually achieved. As such, the document serves as an evaluation of several techniques which other jurisdictions might use to estimate demand for, and cost of, alternative designs for neighborhood or feeder transit services. Four separate alternative feeder networks were considered. The timing and budget of the study did not allow development of an original, comprehensive model to estimate access modes to and from the rail stations. To get around this, the study team retooled a mode choice model developed for Cleveland, and the MTA was satisfied with the results from the borrowed tool. The process used by the study team ended up overestimating the actual feeder bus ridership by about seven percent. The estimates of feeder bus revenue and patronage were considered quite reasonable, and other less precise estimates tended to compensate for each other in the analysis. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Costs KW - Evaluation KW - Feeder buses KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56335/baltimorefeeder8707unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274338 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463469 AU - Kaemmerle, K C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTER TRANSIT SERVICE: A FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 66 p. AB - This report details an analysis of first quarter FY86 operating cost and revenue for the Metropolitan Transit Authority (METRO) of Harris County (Houston, Texas). The METRO nine factor cost allocation model is used to allocate cost to individual routes, by schedules, and by weekday peak and off-peak time periods. Revenues are allocated to individual routes based on ridership and route specific average fares. Cost recovery ratios (farebox revenue divided by cost) are calculated for each route for both operating cost and total cost (depreciation cost included). Net cost per revenue passenger (deficit divided by revenue passengers) is determined for each service mode (local, express, park-and-ride). The financial performance of park-and-ride routes operating in transitways (HOV lanes) is compared to similar routes not using transitways. The financial performance of park-and-ride routes operated by private sector contractors is compared to the performance of similar routes operated by METRO. The analysis indicates that commuter services have higher cost recovery ratios than weekday local service but local service has a lower net cost per revenue passenger. Cost recovery ratios during the peak period were found to be higher than during the off-peak for local service. Cost recovery ratios for routes using transitways were comparable to routes not using transitways only when transitway capital costs were not included. When transitway depreciation was included, cost per hour was 17 percent higher. Service by contract operators was found to cost less per revenue hour than similar service provided by METRO. KW - Commuting KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost recovery KW - Fares KW - Financial analysis KW - Guideways KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Private enterprise KW - Ratios KW - Revenues UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462873 AU - SCHUEFTAN, O AU - Wagner, D W AU - Harper, W AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF SERVICE FARE COLLECTION ON BUSES IN PORTLAND, OR. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/09 SP - 236 p. AB - In 1980, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) awarded grants to the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District (TRI-MET) to implement self-service fare collection (SSFC) on its bus system. TRI-MET, the transit authority serving Portland, Oregon, is the second authority in the United States to use SSFC and the first to use it on buses. TRI-MET expected SSFC to improve bus productivity, facilitate distance-based fares, and reduce fare evasion. In September 1982, TRI-MET implemented SSFC on the buses. In April 1984, TRI-MET reinstituted conventional fare collection for all boardings except those from 6:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. weekdays in Fareless Square (Downtown Portland). The experience in Portland illustrates the difficulty of SSFC enforcement when compared with enforcement of traffic or parking laws. Problems encountered with SSFC on buses in Portland included increased fare evasion, high enforcement costs, no productivity improvements, low surcharge/fine collections, overburdened courts, and increased vandalism. These problems need to be overcome before SSFC can be successful on buses in other U.S. cities. KW - Buses KW - Crimes involving transportation KW - Distance based fares KW - Fare collection KW - Fare evasion KW - Fare prepayment KW - Marketing KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Self-service fare collection KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274349 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471488 AU - Peterson, G E AU - Davis, W G AU - Walker, C AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TOTAL COMPENSATION OF MASS TRANSIT EMPLOYEES IN LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08/26 SP - v.p. AB - The cities of Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. were used in this study to compare compensation of public transit employees to those of private transit employees. Total compensation is the total annual cost to the employer of a job position, which includes wages, all benefits and leave arrangements over a standardized work year. It was found that benefits constitute a much larger share of costs in the public transit sector than in the private sector. Therefore it is necessary to look at total compensation instead of base wage rates alone when judging the level of earnings in transit occupations and comparing them with others. Details of the specific findings are given. KW - Benefits KW - Compensation KW - Employee compensation KW - Governments KW - Personnel KW - Private enterprise KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01592783 AU - Kolb, Roger AU - Brown County Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - Green Bay Transit Service Cost Allocation Study for the Green Bay Urbanized Area PY - 1986/08//Final Report SP - 52p AB - The Green Bay Transit System is owned and operated by the City of Green Bay. Service is provided to the City of De Pere, Village of Allouez, and Village of Ashwaubenon under cost sharing service agreements. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current transit cost sharing formulas between Green Bay and the urban municipalities in terms of both operating and capital expenditures. The study report includes a detailed analysis of federal, state, and local operating and capital funding formulas and expenditures for the Green Bay Transit System from the 1974 public takeover to 1986. A survey of medium-sized public transit systems in Wisconsin was conducted in terms of local cost sharing formulas and service contracts. Study recommendations include a new depreciation "surcharge" for capital expenditures and written service contracts between Green Bay and the other municipalities. KW - Capital expenditures KW - Cities and towns KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost sharing KW - Financing KW - Green Bay (Wisconsin) KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56419/greenbaytransit8705brow_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1396152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463481 AU - Hemily, B AU - Institute for Urban Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STRATEGIC PLANNING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE TRANSIT AGENCIES: A DISCUSSION OF PRACTICE AND ISSUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - 124 p. AB - This report provides an in-depth look at strategic planning in the transit industry, focusing on small and medium-size transit agencies. The specific objectives of this research are to: 1) explore the use of strategic planning in the transit industry; 2) explore the use of other managerial tools that are related to strategic planning and that might facilitate its introduction into the transit industry; 3) identify obstacles hindering the application of strategic planning in transit agencies; 4) assess the effect of agency size on the use or potential application of strategic planning; and 5) identify the special obstacles that face small transit agencies in the implementation of strategic planning. A two-step methodology was adopted to accomplish theses objectives: 1) a nationwide survey of transit managers and 2) an in-depth case study of the development of a strategic planning process in a small transit agency. The survey provided a broad picture of strategic planning in the transit industry. In the survey, a spacial effort was made to distinguish different categories of agency size which helped assess the impact of agency size and focused attention on the special problems of small transit agencies. The case study provided a different yet complimentary perspective on strategic planning in a small transit agency. By discussing the step-by-step development of the process in a specific small transit agency, the case study provided in-depth analysis of several of the issues that were identified in the survey. It also helped identify a host of managerial and organizational issues that are raised by such a process. This report also includes a brief discussion of the concept of strategic planning and outlines the basic components of a classic strategic planning model. The major findings of the research are summarized and conclusions are drawn as to the use and potential of strategic planning in small and medium-size transit agencies. KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Size KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274802 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462104 AU - Walb, C AU - Loudon, W AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE SHORT-TERM AUTO RENTAL (STAR) IN SAN FRANCISCO, CA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - 102 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the Short-Term Auto Rental (STAR) demonstration project operated from December 1983 through March 1985 by Crain & Associates. The STAR project represented an effort to reduce the need for personal automobile ownership by providing individuals with the opportunity to use the automobile more appropriately; using it only when necessary, and using public transportation and ridesharing alternatives whenever possible. STAR service was structured to encourage individuals to use rental vehicles in place of private automobiles for short-term trip-making. Located within a major apartment complex in San Francisco, STAR vehicles could be rented for a ten-minute trip as well as for a day-long trip. Prices were calculated on a per-minute basis until the daily rate was reached and member households were billed monthly. The STAR demonstration had mixed results. Although the STAR Company was successful from a consumer perspective, it did not succeed financially and had limited success in meeting its transportation and societal objectives. The availability of STAR improved the mobility of member households while it reduced their auto ownership needs. Overall, auto usage increased as a result of STAR's availability, with STAR primarily attracting private auto trips and, to a lesser extent, transit trips. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Personal transit KW - Public transit KW - Rental cars KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273956 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462065 AU - Muse, W L AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, AUGUST 1986 PY - 1986/08 SP - 109 p. AB - This is the 1986 edition of The Directory of Urban Public Transportation Service. This Directory lists transit information of conventional and specialized local transit services in 316 urbanized areas (UZAs) of over 50,000 population. The UZAs shown in this Directory have been identified in a U.S. Census Supplementary Report--Publication No. PC80-S1-14, entitled Population and Land Area of Urbanized Areas for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1980 and 1970. This Directory is organized to meet a wide variety of informational needs for the user. The following lists are provided in this Directory: Transit Agencies Shown in the Directory; UZAs Listed by Population; UZAs that Cross State Lines; Vehicle Summary Counts; and a Glossary of Terms. Chart-type sheets in the Directory will show a particular transit system name, its number of peak vehicles, the agency contact person, and the address and telephone number of the contact person. Update forms are included in the back of the Directory so that transit personnel may conveniently submit corrected information to be included in the next edition of the Directory. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Directories KW - Fixed routes KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Transit personnel KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273939 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462016 AU - WALLIN, T O AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VOLUNTEERISM IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS: A REPORT ON FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/08 SP - 66 p. AB - This report summarizes the findings from a telephone survey of more than three hundred rural communities, and from in depth surveys of twenty volunteer-based transportation programs operating in rural areas. The report covers the economic implications of using volunteers to operate rural systems. KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273902 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462850 AU - Wallin, T A AU - KIDDER, A E AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - FINANCING AND SUSTAINING MOBILITY PROGRAMS IN RURAL AREAS. A MANUAL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - v.p. AB - The focus is on the start-up and operation of low-cost transportation in rural areas. A principal focus is the use of volunteers, and/or the consolidation of rides through a brokerage program. Chapter One provides an overview of what financial and operating decisions must be made in designing a volunteer system. Chapter Two describes easy methods for determining need for service. Chapter Three discusses the service levels to be offered by the program selected. Chapter Four discusses the choices about organization as to management, volunteers, their recruitment and/or screening as well as financial aspects with respect to these elements. The fifth chapter discusses budgeting for day-to-day operations. Chapter Six examines the sources of volunteers and financial support to sustain low-cost systems. The final chapter, Chapter Seven, reviews the five most frequently asked questions about financing and sustaining volunteer systems. KW - Brokerage KW - Budgeting KW - Decision making KW - Financial analysis KW - Level of service KW - Low costs KW - Recruiting KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275705 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462114 AU - WALLIN, T O AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VOLUNTEERISM IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS: A REPORT ON FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - 73 p. AB - In 1984 and 1985, Syracuse University and Babson College collaborated on a research project designed to assess the economic contribution of volunteers in rural public transportation programs. A sample was drawn of rural communities and telephone surveys were made to determine the extent of use of volunteers. Researchers then chose a judgmental sample of transportation programs known to use volunteers. This report summarizes the findings from a telephone survey of more than 300 rural communities and in-depth surveys of 20 volunteer-based transportation programs operating in rural areas. Cases were selected based upon: 1) systems known to the research group; 2) systems which had been described in previous studies; and 3) referrals from colleagues who became aware of the study. The research took the form of 2 data collection questionnaires. The first was a short telephone questionnaire designed to discern the variety of transit available to non-urban persons. Appendix A in this report is the telephone questionnaire. The second form was a mail questionnaire which was used to assemble cost data from existing systems that are presently utilizing volunteers. Appendix B in this report is the mail questionnaire. The mail questionnaire was mailed to the respondents of the telephone survey. The study found that the agencies used in this study have come to depend upon volunteers to meet the needs of the transit dependent. The agencies have found them dependable and are enthusiastic about the quality and quantity of volunteer service. The agencies feel that they can continue their programs more or less indefinitely with partial volunteer service. This report points out that the purely volunteer systems where management, drivers, escorts, and dispatchers are all unpaid, seem to produce much smaller levels of service than the mixed systems. The mixed systems, on the other hand, can be very small or very large. They offer a great variety of service levels at a great variation in cost. All the systems offered door-to-door service and tended to limit service to special target groups. KW - Data collection KW - Financing KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Rural areas KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273962 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474703 AU - KOLB, R AU - Brown County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - GREEN BAY TRANSIT COST-ALLOCATION STUDY FOR THE GREEN BAY URBANIZED AREA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - 42 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to analyze the current transit co-sharing formulas between Green Bay and the urban municipalities in terms of both operating and capital expenditures. The study report includes a detailed analysis of federal, state, and local operating and capital funding formulas and expenditures for the Green Bay Transit System from 1974 public takeover to 1986. A survey of medium-sized public transit systems in Wisconsin was conducted in terms of local cost-sharing formulas and service contracts. Study recommendations include a new depreciation surcharge for capital expenditures and written service contracts between Green Bay and the other municipalities. KW - Capital costs KW - Contracts KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost sharing KW - Depreciation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462017 AU - WALLIN, T O AU - KIDDER, A E AU - Syracuse University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANUAL FOR FINANCING AND SUSTAINING LOW COST SYSTEMS FOR GENERAL PUBLIC MOBILITY PROGRAMS IN RURAL AREAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/08 SP - v.p. AB - This guide takes the reader through the steps needed to plan, implement, and operate low cost rural public transportation using volunteers as a principal, or as a secondary, source of cost-saving. The report is based upon a study of twenty such systems operating in many parts of the United States, as surveyed by the Franklin Program at Syracuse University. The guide suggests that savings can run as high as 90 percent of program costs, for nearly all-volunteer systems, but that these tend to be small programs. More common are systems which save 10 to 20 percent, by using volunteers as adjuncts. The report examines training, insurance, marketing, planning, and other organizational management issues. KW - Financing KW - Low costs KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Savings KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471492 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND TRAINING PROGRAM. FY 1987 ANNOUNCEMENT PY - 1986/08 SP - v.p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration plans to award a limited number of grants in Fiscal Year 1987 to accredited institutions of higher learning to assist in carrying out research on problems, and to provide professional training, in the field of urban and rural transportation analysis, management and operations. Instructions to be followed in the preparation and submission of applications for participation in the FY 1987 program are contained herein. All applications must be received by 4:00 p.m., November 17, 1986. This FY 1987 booklet supersedes all prior announcement booklets. KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Grant aid KW - Management KW - Ost university research KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Rural areas KW - Training KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281769 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471457 AU - Rathbone, D AU - PAWA Winkelmann and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ONBOARD TRANSIT SURVEY FOR THE FORT WORTH TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY. METHODS, RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1986/08 SP - 204 p. AB - The continuing trend toward low density housing, increased standard of living and car ownership vis-a-vis passenger demand for transit service declining and becoming more concentrated in time (increasing demand during peak periods) and geographically more dispersed along with the rise in the cost of buses, labor, and longer term fuel have generated this study. The overall study objective was to identify the role urban transportation can play in shaping the spatial form of urban areas, and to identify the role of transit in urban transportation. This report is one of 8 reports resulting from the Transit Survey for the Fort Worth Transportation Authority. The other 7 reports are computer printouts resulting from the analysis of survey results. The purpose of this transit survey was to collect marketing data from the users of fixed-route bus service, Airporter service, the Mobility Impaired Transit Service (MITS), and vanpool services. Data included the socioeconomic profile of existing users and the attitudes/opinions of existing riders. These data were compared to the results of a previous 1981 survey (Appendix F). Changes were identified, the effectiveness of current marketing programs were determined, and appropriate marketing and planning strategies were formulated. Basically, the 4 tasks (survey design, conduct, analysis, and documentation) were completed for all 4 surveys conducted. Each of the surveys are described in detail and accompanied by summary results, planning and improvement recommendations. The general methodology and phases of the project are also illustrated. The appendices document the questionnaires and histograms for the 4 surveys, and provide passenger profiles. KW - Airports KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Fixed routes KW - Fort Worth (Texas) KW - Marketing KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Public transit KW - Special user groups KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280741 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471438 AU - Philadelphia City Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 30TH STREET STATION AREA STUDY. POLICY PAPER PY - 1986/08 SP - 37 p. AB - As the area containing the single largest development site in Center City Philadelphia, the 30th Street Station area is experiencing an extraordinary amount of private interest and public attention regarding its long-range development potential. Both the City Planning Commission and AMTRAK have conducted studies to assess the Station itself and the area's capacity for generating and supporting major commercial development over its air rights properties. Originally, the major objective of the Commission's study was to prepare a phased development plan that would attract developers' interest in the area; later, the study was redirected towards establishing guidelines for developing the station area within the contest of broader City goals. Three consulting teams assisted the Commission in this study 1) Urban Engineers, Inc.--regarding site conditions, utility requirements, railroad operations, and air rights development costs; 2) Brainerd O. Taylor--regarding transportation analysis, traffic circulation, parking, and pedestrian movements; and 3) Urban Partners--regarding urban design and development. This policy paper provides a general description of the study area; describes a possible long-range development program for the air rights parcels, representing a 20-year build-out period; identifies obstacles to development; addresses possible measures to improve conditions in the immediate station area and to overcome the obstacles to railroad yard development. The final chapter summarizes the recommendations of the study. The study calls for a strong partnership of public and private interests to assure that proper zoning and City Plan modifications are adopted and that development takes place in a manner consistent with guidelines reported herein. KW - Air rights KW - City planning KW - Commercial development KW - Economic development KW - Governments KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroads KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462054 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HUMAN RESOURCE PROJECTS 1981-1986 PY - 1986/07/30 SP - 38 p. AB - This booklet provides an overview of human resource projects funded by the Office of Civil Rights beginning with the current fiscal year (FY 1986). It will be updated periodically to serve as a record of human resource projects administered by the Office of Civil Rights. The majority of the program in the projects center on managerial assistance to disadvantaged business enterprises (DBEs) and women business enterprises (WBEs), the development of training programs, the improvement of labor relations, and the enhancement of opportunities for minorities and women in mass transit. KW - Civil rights KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Females KW - Government funding KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Ucr-20 KW - Umta section 10 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273928 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462105 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Transit Development Board TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. EAST URBAN CORRIDOR--SAN DIEGO REGION PY - 1986/07 SP - v.p. AB - The report documents the environmental impacts of the locally preferred alternative for the San Diego Trolley East Urban Corridor Extension Project, consisting of an 11.2 mile light rail transit (LRT) extension, ancillary LRT facilities, and associated street modifications. The project is identified as the "LRT El Cajon Alternative" in this report. It would run from the Euclid LRT station to a station at Main and Marshall in El Cajon. The extension would have eight stations. Two Transportation Systems Management Alternatives, two Express Bus Alternatives, and a 14.5-mile LRT extension terminating in Santee also have been evaluated. The project would increase transportation capacity in the corridor, improve transit travel times, and result in an increased mode share of person trips using transit. The primary impact areas in this Final EIS include transportation, noise, and flooding. This Final EIS includes revisions to the Draft EIS, a summary of the comments and recommendations received on the Draft EIS; a list of persons, organizations, and agencies commenting on the Draft EIS; and responses to substantive comments raised in the review and consultation process. Changes to the text of the Draft EIS are indicated in the Final EIS by a dashed vertical line in the margin. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Light rail transit KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - San Diego (California) KW - Transportation corridors KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462108 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FISCAL STABILITY FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: REDUCING THE MTA'S REVENUE/COST UNCERTAINTIES PY - 1986/07 SP - 50 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to develop fiscal stability, the key to reducing revenue and cost uncertainties. Annually, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York City faces fiscal uncertainty--an unhealthy condition that does not allow realistic long-range financial planning, and does not support long-range operation planning, and results in short-term patchwork revenue-generating solutions that are inequitable and inefficient. To develop a stable policy that would guide funding decisions over a 5-year period and replace the current short-term 1-to-2 year review process is the task of this study. Such a funding process would ensure that the needed money is raised in a predictable and equitable manner and would include estimates of long-term funding needs and identification of revenue sources. This report presents and discusses in detail 3 key measures that would contribute to the establishment and preservation of fiscal stability for the MTA system: 1) Fixed Fare Cover Ratio--the study recommends an appropriate fare cover ratio be set as a matter of policy; 2) Dedicated Taxes--study recommends an expanded and more equitable package of dedicated taxes as the best source of subsidy funds; and 3) Control of Operating Costs--study recommends establishing a formal "Program to Eliminate the Gap," setting cost control goals in the 5-year Strategic Operations Plan, and convening a cost-control forum early in the annual budgetary process to provide independent oversight of MTA's budget request in light of cost control goals. The report concludes that recommendations for a program to eliminate the gap, a strategic operations plan with cost-control and a cost-control forum would fit into the MTA operating budget process at an early stage. KW - Cost control KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Long term KW - Operating costs KW - Public transit KW - Taxation KW - Time duration KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273958 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462059 AU - Barton-Aschman Associates, Incorporated AU - North Central Texas Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR A HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE FACILITY ALONG IH-30, FORT WORTH, TEXAS PY - 1986/07 SP - 60 p. AB - Concern about the future and planned construction of Interstate Highway 30 (IH 30) that will significantly alter operations along the freeway generated this study. The purpose of this report is to document the findings and conclusions of a feasibility study for a high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facility along the IH 30 corridor in Fort Worth, Texas (between the central business district and west to Guilford Road--approximately 5 miles). The analyses discuss many transportation planning criteria regarding the cost and benefit of the HOV facility, namely: existing and future freeway conditions, traffic volume projections, and growth rate. Five HOV lane concepts/alternatives were selected for testing regarding the proposed construction of IH 30. The primary tool used for testing was the FREQ7 simulation model (seventh in a series of computer freeway simulation models developed at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California-Berkeley). The program allows simulation of traffic operations given a set of input parameters. In this report, the simulated HOV alternatives are charted along with design year ridership and vehicle demand values for transit and carpools, and benefit/cost analyses. In general, the study concludes that the benefit/cost ratio of each of the 5 alternatives is not sufficiently high enough to warrant the capital given the NCTCOG projected volumes, that adequate capacity will be available with the improved sections of IH 30. Recommendations for HOV facilities in the IH 30 corridor are also provided. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fort Worth (Texas) KW - Freeway operations KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Highway planning KW - Interstate highways KW - Simulation KW - Traffic volume KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462008 AU - Friend, D AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROVIDING TRANSIT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE: THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY EXPERIENCE. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1986/07 SP - 162 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of a transit technical assistance program currently being provided for local officials by the Los Angeles County Transportation Commission (LACTC)in Los Angeles County, California. The program makes available to local officials in the county a variety of technical services which can help them in identifying their local transit needs and developing cost-effective solutions. The program was established following the passage of Proposition A, a 1980 Los Angeles County tax initiative that dedicates a portion of the county's sale tax revenues to the improvement of local transit services. The evaluation describes the activities of the technical assistance program during the first two years of its existence. Based upon several cycles of in-depth interviews with involved local officials, the primary factors which influence the effectiveness of technical assistance programs of this kind are identified. An assessment is made of the impact that a technical assistance program can have in both the short- and long-term on the type, quality and delivery of local transit services. Guidance is also offered to those considering the establishment of similar technical assistance programs at other sites across the country. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Public transit KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00484825 AU - Rice Center AU - United States Conference of Mayors AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MAYORS & TRANSIT FINANCE. A GUIDEBOOK FOR MAYORS PY - 1986/07 SP - 21 p. AB - This report reviews the importance of transit in our cities, discusses the financial problems and their causes, identifies a number of approaches that are being taken to address the problems, and presents roles and opportunities for mayors. KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/293279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471401 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE FINANCING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION: THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/07 SP - 136 p. AB - Alternative Financing for Urban Transportation: State-of-the-Practice is a summary of the use, by 52 agencies, of non-traditional techniques for funding transit and urban highway services. The report is designed to introduce public officials at the State and local levels to a range of available funding sources and to facilitate their efforts in determining whether these sources will be useful in meeting their transportation needs. The 55 case analyses included in the report reflect the variety of efforts being made by large and small transportation agencies to cope with shortfalls in funding. The report is divided into nine sections: Taxes, Assessments, Fees, Negotiated Investments, Private Donations and Initiatives, Use of Property and Property Rights, Development and Provision of Facilities and Services, Toll Financing, and A New Approach to Developing Rapid Transit. KW - Assessments KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Taxation KW - Tolls KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56322/alternativefina8630rice_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474171 AU - Englisher, L S AU - Wensley, J A AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DULLES AIRPORT ACCESS DEMONSTRATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/07 SP - 212 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration provided a demonstration grant to the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission in 1978 to enable a start-up marketing program to be carried out for improved ground transportation service to Dulles International Airport. Dulles Airport is located 26 miles west of Washington, D.C. and is operated by Metropolitan Washington Airports, an agency of the Federal Aviation Administration. Improved ground transportation to Dulles and promotion of the airport, in general, complement restrictions on the airlines' use of close-in Washington National Airport (also an FAA airport) in a metropolitan policy to divert traffic to Dulles. Although Dulles carries only about 16% of metropolitan air traffic, the airport experienced considerable growth over the demonstration period, due to external factors. The demonstration project was delayed by several exogenous factors and did not begin in earnest until May 1984, when The Airport Connection began operating "The Washington Flyer" bus and limousine services to both Dulles and National airports. The service included some new routes and stops, shorter headways, new vehicles and a new image, accompanied by substantial start-up marketing activities. The demonstration evaluation focused on pre- and post-implementation air traveler and bus rider surveys, supplemented by monitoring of airport use and ground transportation ridership. The Washington Flyer service carried as many as 20,000 riders per month to and from Dulles, and improved passenger perceptions of service quality. It is not possible to draw conclusions regarding impacts on market share. Reliable ridership statistics are unavailable from the period just before the demonstration, and survey data indicate a statistically insignificant increase in market share (from about 7% to 8%) over the one year period. Ridership statistics from 1979 when the demonstration was conceived, however, indicate that the market share had been higher several years ago. Ridership has grown over the demonstration period, but appears to be largely due to growth in airport passenger traffic and not to increased market share. Although visitors are still the larger group of bus and limousine users, the survey indicates growth in service usage by residents of the area. Few if any changes in rider characteristics were detected in the surveys. The demonstration failed to prove that the marketing strategies employed (primarily during start-up) were successful in raising long-term awareness or market share. The current contract is considerably more costly to the FAA than the former contracts, but has assured a high quality of service that the FAA is satisfied with. Finally, the service is continuing under the current contract and is expanding to serve new area destinations. KW - Airport access KW - Buses KW - Demonstration projects KW - Ground transportation KW - Limousines KW - Marketing KW - Washington Dulles International Airport UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285376 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472756 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM. UTOWN CASE STUDY PY - 1986/07 SP - v.p. AB - This document presents an application of travel demand forecasting models in the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) to a simple transit planning problem in the hypothetical city of UTOWN and serves as a guide to the most commonly used functions in UTPS. The case study of UTOWN is presented as a part of UTPS to provide a comprehensive view of the relation of the UTPS programs and files to one another in the analysis of an actual transportation problem and to familiarize new UTPS users with the inputs, program control (i.e., parameters, options, etc.) and outputs of the programs through the study of the sample runs presented. KW - Case studies KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471489 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INVOLVING PRIVATE ROUTE ASSOCIATIONS IN PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1986/07 SP - 26 p. AB - Pressures on public transportation subsidy budgets at all levels of government in the U.S. have stimulated new interest in more competitive service provision as a means of reducing subsidy costs and improving service quality. In general, however, regulatory restrictions and subsidies to public agencies greatly limit opportunities for private companies to offer fixed-route services. To date, efforts to increase competition in fixed-route transit have been focused on contracting out for private management of publicly-owned transit agencies, or for "turnkey" operation of certain transit routes by private companies with their own vehicles and drivers. The private companies receiving these contract awards generally have been national management firms or large bus operators. Smaller local companies with just a few vehicles have found it difficult to compete for these awards because of the stringent conditions required by the subsidizing agencies. This paper recommends that opportunities be created in U.S. cities for private operator route associations, which would permit several smaller companies to participate in the provision of subsidized or unsubsidized public transportation along a major route or routes. This concept is common in developing countries, where numerous independent owner-operators and small companies form voluntary associations to guide the provision of profitable, high quality public transport in major cities. Inhibited in U.S. cities by long-standing regulatory barriers and institutional restrictions, such private associations offer considerable potential to help alleviate the high deficits and low productivity currently troubling major transit systems. Private route associations represent a promising, untapped option for policy-makers challenged with maintaining high quality public transportation services with limited transit subsidy dollars. KW - Bus transportation KW - Competition KW - Fixed routes KW - Private enterprise KW - Route associations KW - Small business KW - Subsidies KW - Turnkey systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01548301 AU - Bakr, M M AU - Swab, Bill AU - University of Arkansas, Little Rock AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Development of Small Transit Bus Specifications for the State of Arkansas PY - 1986/06//Final Report SP - 49p AB - The report outlines the process of developing small transit bus specifications for the state of Arkansas and charts the road for future updating of the same. Review of the current state of the bus industry, state of the art in small bus design, relevant future technology, current field performance in the state of Arkansas, as well as, available specifications by other states was used as the basis for the development and justifications of the specifications. The same process may be repeated periodically to update the specifications. KW - Arkansas KW - Small buses KW - Specifications UR - http://www.arkansastrc.com/TRC%20REPORTS/TRC%2085.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1335491 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01418303 AU - Fricker, J D AU - Habib, M D AU - United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. University Research and Training Program TI - Circuity factors in ridesharing: the individual's travel decision PY - 1986/06 IS - UMTA/IN-11-0010-86-1 SP - 180P KW - Car pooling KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel consumption KW - Human factors KW - Human factors KW - Journey length KW - Modal choice KW - Mode choice KW - Ridesharing KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Trip length UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1186101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463438 AU - Rural America AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ANALYSIS OF SECTION 18--STATE MANAGEMENT PLANS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 9 p. AB - This paper reports on a survey of the Section 18 Management Plans from all fifty states. It provides a national profile of a single "new federalist" program as a sort of case study. It will be seen that while the program remains national in its largest outline, it does exhibit significant and interesting variations from state to state. KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Government regulations KW - Implementation KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - State government KW - State management plan KW - Strategic planning KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462802 AU - White, C AU - Edner, S M AU - Ketcheson, K AU - Portland State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS: AN INDUSTRY PROFILE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 109 p. AB - This study reports on a survey sent to 493 transit agencies in 1983. The survey instrument requested information concerning agency institutional type, operating characteristics, service area population, employment, management pool, finances and recruitment problems for the period 1979-83. Surveys were returned by 207 agencies, 171 of which were accompanied by organization charts. The purpose of the survey was to solicit institutional information concerning agency structure to serve as background information for a subsequent study of respondent agency managers. Demographically, the industry is typified by small to medium size agencies, with a few very large agencies which skew industry averages. They are most frequently subdivisions of other governmental units, i.e., city/county or multipurpose agency operating divisions. No strong association was found between institutional types and service characteristics. Transit agencies appear to be relatively hierarchical in structure. Vertical, departmental and administrative differentiation are related to agency size but not strongly. With the exception of vertical differentiation the organizational structure appears to be related to institutional setting. Only about twenty percent of the sample indicated severe manager recruiting difficulties. Operations and maintenance managers were most frequently identified as difficult to locate. No particular size or institutional type of agency appeared to have more difficulty in recruiting. The study results describe a managerial context that is extremely diverse across agency characteristics, change in attributes and organizational patterns. Only the thread of hierarchy seems to typify agencies. Size, location, population served, and possibly revenue do not seem to dictate functional requirements for management structure. KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Finance KW - Organization charts KW - Ost university research KW - Recruiting KW - Roadside rest areas KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462058 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURFACE RAPID TRANSIT COORDINATION STUDY. PHASE 2 PY - 1986/06 SP - 220 p. AB - Transit in New York City is an interwoven network of trains, buses, and ferries, making transfers between modes an important part of everyday travel. The purpose of this intermodal coordination study is to review the NYCTA's current intermodal transfer practices; to identify possible changes in those practices both systemwide and site specific that would enhance the attractiveness and cost-effectiveness of its operations; to quantify costs; and to identify physical and institutional impediments. The framework for this review was taken from 2 earlier UMTA-sponsored studies. Instead of sophisticated statistical methods, the characteristics of existing components (Routing Components, Scheduling Components, Marketing Components, and Amenity Components) were tabulated and compared with the effects of the same component at different properties. Guided by this framework, the NYCTA's intermodal transfer practices were investigated in case studies (20) on the micro scale at intermodal transfer stations with more than one million annual transfers. Conclusions were drawn from the case studies regarding the effectiveness of the intermodal transfer practices for subsequent use as service planning guidelines. Two important factors identified for improving intermodal transfer coordination were restoring bus and rapid transit fleets to acceptable operating condition, and improving service reliability to acceptable levels. An Operations Planning Department within the Operating Division will be established to consolidate planning and scheduling work. The new department will use the study's information and recommendations to address the intermodal adjustments required throughout NYCTA. KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Intermodal transfer KW - New York (New York) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rail transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Surface rail transit KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462040 AU - Kaiser Engineers Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NEW HAVEN LINE MAINTENANCE FACILITIES PROJECT NO. 502-800-167. FINAL REPORT FOR ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT PY - 1986/06 SP - 225 p. AB - The objective of this 4-task study was to perform an engineering assessment of maintenance facilities and train storage locations on the New Haven Line (NHL)--mainline between New Haven and Grand Central Terminal in New York City and the 3 branch lines--and to determine and recommend alternative strategies for improved or new facilities to accommodate the present and future needs of the railroad. This final report provides the determinations and recommends strategies with supporting cost estimates and construction scheduling data. Task 3 Maintenance Requirement Report and Task 4 Implementation Strategy Report form the bulk of this document. These reports consider and establish future maintenance requirements for projected fleet increases to the year 2005, and formulate an implementation strategy for facility improvements and new construction. Also addressed in the tasks are car overhauls, future train storage requirements, Maintenance of Way requirements, exterior car cleaning, and car toilet servicing. Other sections of this final report include an Environmental Impact Review Report discussing possible environmental impacts of proposed strategies, and the Summary Report which provides a description of each existing maintenance facility and its operational effectiveness. The Appendix to this report provides cost estimates, construction schedules, and other maintenance requirements along with an aerial photograph and a list of drawings. The recommended proposals for the NHL will collectively provide adequate maintenance and car storage capacity for the forseeable future as well as adequate and modern accommodation facilities for Maintenance of Way personnel. The result will be an improved cost-effectiveness of NHL operations. KW - Assessments KW - Construction scheduling KW - Costs KW - Engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Planning KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Umta section 3 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462039 AU - Kaiser Engineers Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE NEW HAVEN LINE MAINTENANCE FACILITIES PROJECT NO. 502-800-167. TASKS 1 & 2 FOR ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT PY - 1986/06 SP - 115 p. AB - The objective of this four-task study was to perform an engineering assessment of maintenance facilities and train storage locations on the New Haven Line (NHL)--mainline between New Haven and Grand Central Terminal in New York City, and the 3 branch lines--to determine and recommend alternative strategies for improved or new facilities to accommodate the present and future needs of the railroad. This revised report documents the first two tasks of this assessment study of the Maintenance of Equipment and Maintenance of Way facilities on the NHL. An inventory was made of the passenger rolling stock, maintenance facilities, equipment and employees, and Maintenance of Way facilities and equipment. The Hudson and Harlem line facilities operated by Metro-North were also examined insofar as they relate to operations of the NHL. The Task 1 portion of this report dealt with the description, condition, and function of existing maintenance facilities and storage yards. It was determined that shops were working at or near full capacity and yards were fully utilized leaving little room for fleet expansion. The Task 2 portion of this report examined the issues related to the current Maintenance of Way capability to support scheduled passenger service, and included the type of Maintenance of Way work performed, online maintenance of equipment, and maintenance work performed on track equipment at the North White Plains Maintenance of Way facility. Both tasks, documented herein, served as the basis for the development of improved facility options and overall strategies presented in Tasks 3 and 4 of the final report (UMTA-CT-03-0013-86-2). The final report documents maintenance requirements and implementation strategies, Summary Report, and Environmental Impact Review report. KW - Assessments KW - Engineering KW - Environmental impacts KW - Equipment maintenance KW - Location KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Railroad trains KW - Railroad yards KW - Umta section 3 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462033 AU - Sullivan, M E AU - Wilson, A P AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 MBTA FARE-MIX SAMPLING PROGRAM: ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION PY - 1986/06 SP - 80 p. AB - Various fare and system changes, as well as the need for current and accurate data in devising pricing and marketing policies, and in meeting federal reporting requirements, generated this annual fare mix survey study. In 1981, the MBTA instituted a new program for estimating ridership on the MBTA system. The average fare used to calculate the number of riders from revenue was determined by surveying a sample of actual ridership. The number of passengers boarding, the type of fare paid, and farebox revenues were recorded for selected bus routes on the surface portions of the Green Line and at selected rapid transit stations. The resulting data was processed and analyzed by the staff. This report describes the assumptions and methods used to design and administer a sampling program to determine the fare mix and average fare for rapid transit, buses, and the surface Green Line. It presents the 1984 survey results and analysis procedures and the three previous years' results. Information obtained from this program was used in conjunction with revenue data to determine the number of unlinked and linked trips made on rapid transit and surface routes in November 1984. The results of the analyses show that both linked and unlinked trips increased from 1981-1984, and that, when the basic adult rapid transit fare was considerably higher than in other years, both linked and unlinked average fares increased very gradually as well. KW - Bus routes KW - Fares KW - Linkages KW - Links (Networks) KW - Marketing KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Pricing KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273917 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461990 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESS IMPROVEMENTS TO THE STATEN ISLAND RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 144 p. AB - The south shore communities of Staten Island Rapid Transit (SIRT) system which provides convenient connections to the Staten Island Ferry. The SIRT carries approximately 24,000 riders daily, at the $1 subway fare, over a 14.3 mile route with 22 stations. Currently, Staten Island is the fastest growing county in the state, and there is strong interest to improve access to and use of this public transit system. The objectives of this study are: to encourage greater use of the system through increased station area parking; to improve passenger convenience, safety and security through better access; to investigate automated fare collection and consolidation of underutilized stations to improve efficiency; and to assess the effect continued development and population growth will have on SIRT ridership. Site visits were made to all 22 stations and 13 stations were selected for detailed study because of the opportunities for improving accessibility. In this report, each station is profiled and highlighted in terms of background issues, station conditions, existing access and ways of improving access facilities. The profiles are supplemented by information in the Appendix which lists all the station improvements the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority is considering implementing at each of the 13 stations. The overall issues identified at most of the 13 stations related to pedestrians and traffic, uncoordinated bus routes and train schedules, inadequate parking facilities, and deteriorated stations. This report provides recommendations for station access improvements. KW - Accessibility KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Improvements KW - Parking facilities KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Staten Island (New York, New York) KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273880 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472787 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN INITIATIVES PROGRAM EVALUATION PY - 1986/06 SP - 107 p. AB - The Urban Initiatives (UI) program was announced on February 15, 1979, as an UMTA effort for addressing urban economic and development problems utilizing mass transportation projects as the key component. Types of projects financed by this program included intermodal transfer facilities, transit malls, and joint development projects. UI funded 47 projects in 3 years in 43 cities across the country. Although there is no longer funding authority for new starts under the program, this evaluative exercise is needed since statutory authority still exists. The purpose of this report is to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of the UI program as measured by program objectives and specific criteria utilized in initial approval and funding. This study examines and evaluates projects in 10 case study cities ranging in grant amounts from $900,000 to $25 million in cities as small as Burlington, Vermont, to the larger cities of Boston, Detroit, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. The research methodology largely ignored administrative issues. The main concern was the potential of similar projects as urban transportation tools for shaping patronage, efficiency of operation, and the physical urban environment. Some study results concluded that 1) case study projects were generally consistent with intents of UI guidelines (see Section 5), 2) projects were associated with substantial public and private investment in urban development and redevelopment successes, and 3) employment and business development goals of UI played a major role in program implementation but had mixed results in achievement. KW - Case studies KW - Evaluation KW - Joint development KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban initiatives program KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00476982 AU - Schwager, D S AU - MacDorman, L C AU - MacDorman and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT. VOLUME 2: REVIEW OF ATTENDANCE PROGRAMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 53 p. AB - An organization's ability to manage employee attendance is determined by the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of its attendance information system. Although some systems have highly sophisticated attendance information systems, opportunities for improvements still exist. Volume 2 presents a prototype Transit Attendance Management Information System (TAMIS). It can serve as a model for development of monitoring and reporting procedures to improve the management of employee attendance and the effects of absence. TAMIS is intended to provide a basis for consistent, comprehensive and straightforward collection, reporting and utilization of absenteeism data about individuals, groups of employees, and the entire work force of a transit system. Shortcomings in current employee attendance management practices of transit systems are identified and discussed to demonstrate the usefulness of TAMIS. Volume 1 of this study is titled "Review of Attendance Programs". It provides background information on attendance, improvement programs, programs used inside and outside of transit, and a model for improving employee attendance. KW - Absenteeism KW - Attendance management KW - Management information systems KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://www.bts.gov/NTL/DOCS/tcp.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56583/transitemployee8903macd_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286297 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00476981 AU - Schwager, D S AU - MacDorman, L C AU - MacDorman and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EMPLOYEE ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT. VOLUME 1. REVIEW OF ATTENDANCE PROGRAMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 120 p. AB - This 2-volumed report was prepared as a modification of the report titled "Review of Attendance Programs" prepared for the Absenteeism Reduction Demonstration Project for the Port Authority of Allegheny County and sponsored by UMTA. Studies indicate that employee absence is a considerable problem in the transit industry. Organizations with more rigorous and comprehensive attendance policies and programs appear to have lower absence rates. This report supports efforts to improve attendance by: providing background information on the importance of improving employee attendance, stressing costs of and impacts associated with absence; summarizing and reviewing existing research and theories on the causes of absenteeism; identifying and describing alternative attendance programs; providing a review of the use and effectiveness of specific attendance programs both within and outside the transit industry; and introducing a recommended framework for an effective attendance program including the identification of important management activities needed to support attendance programs. Volume 2, Transit Attendance Management Information System (TAMIS) presents a prototype TAMIS which can serve as a model for the development of monitoring and reporting procedures to improve management of employee attendance and the effects of absence. KW - Absenteeism KW - Attendance management KW - Human factors KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Personnel management KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56582/transitemployee8902macd_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/286296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00486518 AU - WHITE, C R AU - Edner, S M AU - Ketcheson, K AU - Portland State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS: AN INDUSTRY PROFILE. PHASE 1 OF 3 PHASES PY - 1986/06 SP - 124 p. AB - This report documents the first phase of a 3-phase Transit Manager study designed to survey management personnel in the transit agencies in 1983 requesting information on agency institutional type, operating characteristics, service area population, employment, management pool, finances and recruitment. The purpose of the survey was to solicit institutional information regarding organizational structures and changes during 1979-83 and to serve as background information for a later study of agency managers. Demographically, respondents typified small to medium sized agencies. No strong association was found between institutional types and service characteristics. Agencies appeared to be hierarchical in structure. Vertical, departmental and administrative differentiation were related to institutional setting. Only 20 percent of the sample indicated severe manager recruiting difficulties. No particular size or institutional type of agency appeared to have more difficulty in recruiting. The study results describe a managerial context that is extremely diverse across agency characteristics, change in attributes, and organizational patterns. Size, location, population served and revenue did not seem to dictate functional requirements for management structure. Overall, the study established that transit is primarily comprised of small to medium sized agencies--subunits of city or county governments. KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Management KW - Organizational structure KW - Organizations KW - Personnel KW - Recruiting KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/297825 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472758 AU - Rural America AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSIT OPERATORS. VOLUME 1: EASTERN U.S. SYSTEMS PY - 1986/06 SP - 191 p. AB - This Directory is the product of an UMTA-funded project undertaken to gather data on system characteristics of all Section 18 and 16(b)(2) projects. Volume 1 covers rural and specialized transit systems operating in federal regions I, II, III, and IV; Volume 2 covers regions V, VI, and VII; and Volume 3 covers regions VIII, IX, and X. It identifies a total of 4,502 organizations receiving direct or indirect UMTA funding and contains information about the organizational structure, service characteristics, size, and areas served for a majority of the operating systems. KW - Directories KW - Eastern States KW - Rural areas KW - Special service KW - Transit operators KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281414 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472760 AU - Rural America AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSIT OPERATORS. VOLUME 3: WESTERN U.S. SYSTEMS INCLUDING ALASKA AND HAWAII PY - 1986/06 SP - 119 p. AB - This Directory is the product of an UMTA-funded project undertaken to gather data on system characteristics of all Section 18 and 16(b)(2) projects. Volume 1 covers rural and specialized transit systems operating in federal regions I, II, III, and IV; Volume 2 covers regions V, VI, and VII; and Volume 3 covers regions VIII, IX, and X. It identifies a total of 4,502 organizations receiving direct or indirect UMTA funding and contains information about the organizational structure, service characteristics, size, and areas served for a majority of the operating systems. KW - Directories KW - Rural areas KW - Special service KW - Transit operators KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Western States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281416 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472759 AU - Rural America AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A DIRECTORY OF RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSIT OPERATORS. VOLUME 2: CENTRAL U.S. SYSTEMS PY - 1986/06 SP - 199 p. AB - This Directory is the product of an UMTA-funded project undertaken to gather data on system characteristics of all Section 18 and 16(b)(2) projects. Volume 1 covers rural and specialized transit systems operating in federal regions I, II, III, and IV; Volume 2 covers regions V, VI, and VII; and Volume 3 covers regions VIII, IX, and X. It identifies a total of 4,502 organizations receiving direct or indirect UMTA funding and contains information about the organizational structure, service characteristics, size, and areas served for a majority of the operating systems. KW - Central United States KW - Directories KW - Rural areas KW - Special service KW - Transit operators KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281415 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462806 AU - Mundle and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PRICING STUDY. PHASE 2. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/06 SP - 75 p. AB - This final report summarizes Phase 2 of the MTC Transit Pricing Study--a follow-up to the Phase 1 staff study that emphasized the need for fare structure simplification and suggested 4 alternatives and pricing concepts. Phase 2 expanded the number of alternatives to 8 fare structure scenarios ranging from extreme simplification of charging a flat fare to one that retains all current fare structure elements but incorporates simplification strategies. Actual prices to be applied in each option were selected, and ridership and revenue impacts determined through use of an arc elasticity model. Special attention was given to "revenue neutral" options which simplified the fare structure without reducing the total amount of passenger revenue generated, and with a minimum adverse impact on ridership. All options included a base fare with a common denomination for all additional charges (zones, peak hour, and express service) retained in the alternative, and all off-peak reduced fares (senior citizens, youth under 18, and those with limited mobility) would also be the same. Three of the 8 alternatives were selected for extensive evaluation. The preferred alternative retains the 3 existing additional charges for zones, peak hour, and express service, but reduces the number of fare zones from 4 to 2. The number of fare categories would drop from the current 27 to 12, and the number of different fare denominations from 16 to 5. The number of pass and ticket denominations is reduced from 10 to 5. No specific level of fares was selected for implementation pending determination of need for a fare increase in the near future which could incorporate the simplified fare structure. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Mathematical models KW - Minnesota KW - Models KW - Pricing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 8 KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462116 AU - Winkler, H B AU - de Moraes, C AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM ASSESSMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 64 p. AB - An assessment was conducted to examine the impact that rising fare levels are having on bus transit fare collection systems. Problems have been reported with regard to the handling of dollar bills and lost revenue. This report addresses these problem areas which have arisen or grown more significant as a result of increased fares (to or near the one dollar level), and the continued use of fare collection systems designed for coins only. Eight bus transit systems were visited: Chicago Transit Authority, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, Seattle Metro, Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority, AC Transit (Oakland, CA), Tri-County Metropolitan Transit District of Oregon (Portland), Dallas Transit System, and Sacramento Regional Transit District. Findings are presented for each of the problem areas based on data collected during the visits. Long-term and short-term changes in procedures, equipment, and policies designed to bring relief are recommended. KW - Bill handling KW - Buses KW - Currency KW - Evaluation and assessment KW - Fare collection KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273964 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462015 AU - Parks, P AU - FRANCIS, J AU - Gorlov, A AU - Gorlova, E AU - Guertin, J D AU - Parks (Paul) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WATER INTRUSION PROBLEMS IN TRANSIT TUNNELS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 155 p. AB - This report presents the findings of five case studies in which an in-depth analysis was made of tunnel water intrusion problems in transit tunnels. Water intrusion parameters of transit systems in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, New York and Washington, DC, relating to geologic, hydraulic, design, construction and leakage problems which may be associated with tunnel water intrusion are examined. Special emphasis is placed on grouting applications to leaking and the recommended practices derived from past and current experiences. The report attempts to systematically analyze tunnel leakage problems and potential causes across several diverse transit systems. The results suggest that choices of remedies and maintenance control may relate to design and construction considerations, particularly those associated with original concrete processes and applications. Cost factors and comparisons, while systematically pursued, produced fewer insights than were expected. KW - Case studies KW - Dewatering KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater control KW - Grouting KW - Leakage KW - Public transit KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461998 AU - New York City Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HILLSIDE AVENUE CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 100 p. AB - The Hillside Avenue Corridor in Jamaica, New York, plays an important role as one of the commercial and institutional centers of Queens, as well as a transportation hub for the borough. It is characterized by heavy pedestrian activity, auto and truck traffic, and served by over 40 bus routes, the IND subway line, and the Long Island Railroad. Traffic congestion results from this high level of activity. The objective of this project is to improve transit and traffic along the Hillside Avenue corridor in Jamaica, Queens, between Sutphin Boulevard and 188th Street with emphasis on facilitating subway-bus transfers. Section 1 of this report presents an inventory of conditions in the corridor and identifies a list of problem areas such as traffic delays, signaling, curb activity, park-and-ride activity on residential side streets, passenger protection. Section 2 presents preliminary solutions to the problems identified in Section 1 and conducts an initial evaluation of each solution. Preliminary solutions include the use of re-striping, innovative enforcement techniques, bus shelters, improved signage, rearrangement of bus stops, roadway widening, changes in curb regulations. Section 3 presents detailed implementation plans for a coordinated package of solutions to problems identified earlier. Recommendations are selected from the alternatives developed in Section 2 of this report. Whenever possible, low-cost and easily implementable transportation system management (TSM) measures were used. KW - Buses KW - Implementation KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Subways KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transfers KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273887 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461989 AU - Levinson, H S AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTER VAN SERVICE POLICY STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 320 p. AB - Since the late 1970s, the number of vans providing commuter service to and within New York City has grown significantly (approximately 1000 van trips each weekday morning rush hour). This growth has raised a number of concerns, namely: passenger safety, revenue draining from conventional bus and subway modes, and the additional congestion created by van service. The objectives of this commuter van service study are: 1) to provide a detailed understanding of the current status of the van industry as well as to investigate specific van activities in Manhattan; 2) to determine how the City can strengthen the certification process and gain better control of commuter van services; 3) to develop a comprehensive policy for the regulation of commuter van services; and 4) to evaluate commuting conditions in areas of significant van activity and determine whether conventional transit modes can effectively compete. Most of the research was conducted through actual onsite observations of van activity throughout 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island) of New York City. This report documents the findings of Urbitran Associates regarding express and feeder van services in the 5 boroughs; provides the results of a commuter van survey intended to analyze ridership patterns; discusses van operations in Manhattan and the origin points of van services to Manhattan in the outer 4 boroughs; discusses the regulatory and institutional framework currently governing these services; and sets forth a basic proposed policy for dealing with commuter van services (5 relate to operational recommendations, while 6 recommend a new regulatory structure for certification and enforcement of commuter van service). KW - Case studies KW - Certification KW - Commuting KW - Impacts KW - New York (New York) KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy making KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273879 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462872 AU - Holmstrom, F Ross AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SIGNALING SYSTEMS. VOLUME I: THEORY AND BACKGROUND. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 43 p. AB - This report describes the mechanism of inductive interference to audio frequency (AF) signaling systems used in rail transit operations, caused by rail transit vehicles with chopper propulsion control. Choppers are switching circuits composed of high-power semiconductor devices, inductors, and capacitors. Chopper-controlled propulsion systems on subway cars can cause inductive interference with AF signaling systems, when time-varying magnetic flux lines emanating from chopper systems on vehicles pass through the rail-axle loops under the cars. When a vehicle passes over points at which track circuit receivers are connected to the rails, inductively generated interfering signals can cause track circuits to malfunction. Observation of such interference led directly to the establishment of the Rail Transit EMI Technical Working Group, under the sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. This report also examines chopper interference generation as well as methods for observing and recording interference signals; develops a physical model for calculating levels of inductive interference; gives selected results of field observations; and discusses methods for alleviating the problem, such as improved track signal detection, frequency-domain coding, and new chopper components that generate less stray flux. KW - Audio frequency KW - Automatic train control KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Electromagnetic properties KW - Fluxes KW - Interference KW - Magnetic flux KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Signal systems KW - Traffic signal control systems KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471576 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BUS-WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY. GUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR PASSIVE WHEELCHAIR LIFTS. MAY 7-9, 1986, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1986/05 SP - 43 p. AB - The National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility was held on May 7-9, 1986 in Seattle, Washington. The Workshop's goals were to establish greater awareness and understanding of the current accessibility issues; identify and resolve the key problems experienced in providing accessible service; and develop a workable set of industry guidelines for wheelchair lifts, securement devices, and ramps. The Conference addressed the options available to serve elderly and handicapped transit users: full-size lift-equipped buses on conventional routes and smaller vans and accessible buses in specialized supplemental service. Issues of safety, reliability and cost were discussed, as well as operationally-linked concerns. Questions of stability and crashworthiness arose pertaining to the small buses and paratransit vehicles. The Conference highlighted the need for standards associated with maintenance procedures for buses providing accessible service and for driver training to meet the needs of the handicapped. It also highlighted the need for additional development of wheelchair securement systems, especially automatic securement systems. This guideline specification is one of four specifications developed by the Advisory Panel of the Workshop, which developed separate guideline specifications for passive wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on transit buses), active wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on paratransit vehicles), ramps, and securement devices. Members of the Advisory Panel participated actively in the development of each individual guideline specification based upon their experience and interest. Although the Advisory Panel discussed many related accessibility issues, these specifications focus only on the technical requirements of a specific piece of equipment. They have been prepared to assist in the purchase of such equipment either separately or as part of an overall vehicle procurement. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56486/nationalworksho0603batt_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471578 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BUS-WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY. GUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR WHEELCHAIR RAMPS. MAY 7-9, 1986, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1986/05 SP - 25 p. AB - The National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility was held on May 7-9, 1986 in Seattle, Washington. The Workshop's goals were to establish greater awareness and understanding of the current accessibility issues; identify and resolve the key problems experienced in providing accessible service; and develop a workable set of industry guidelines for wheelchair lifts, securement devices, and ramps. The Conference addressed the options available to serve elderly and handicapped transit users: full-size lift-equipped buses on conventional routes and smaller vans and accessible buses in specialized supplemental service. Issues of safety, reliability and cost were discussed, as well as operationally-linked concerns. Questions of stability and crashworthiness arose pertaining to the small buses and paratransit vehicles. The Conference highlighted the need for standards associated with maintenance procedures for buses providing accessible service and for driver training to meet the needs of the handicapped. It also highlighted the need for additional development of wheelchair securement systems, especially automatic securement systems. This guideline specification is one of four specifications developed by the Advisory Panel of the Workshop, which developed separate guideline specifications for passive wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on transit buses), active wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on paratransit vehicles), ramps, and securement devices. Members of the Advisory Panel participated actively in the development of each individual guideline specification based upon their experience and interest. Although the Advisory Panel discussed many related accessibility issues, these specifications focus only on the technical requirements of a specific piece of equipment. They have been prepared to assist in the purchase of such equipment either separately or as part of an overall vehicle procurement. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471575 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BUS-WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY. PROCEEDINGS, MAY 7-9, 1986, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1986/05 SP - v.p. AB - The National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility was held on May 7-9, 1986 in Seattle, Washington. The Workshop's goals were to establish greater awareness and understanding of the current accessibility issues; identify and resolve the key problems experienced in providing accessible service; and develop a workable set of industry guidelines for wheelchair lifts, securement devices, and ramps. The Conference addressed the options available to serve elderly and handicapped transit users: full-size lift-equipped buses on conventional routes and smaller vans and accessible buses in specialized supplemental service. Issues of safety, reliability and cost were discussed, as well as operationally-linked concerns. Questions of stability and crashworthiness arose pertaining to the small buses and paratransit vehicles. The Conference highlighted the need for standards associated with maintenance procedures for buses providing accessible service and for driver training to meet the needs of the handicapped. It also highlighted the need for additional development of wheelchair securement systems, especially automatic securement systems. As a result of surveying the transit industry for input and meeting with the Advisory Panel of the Workshop, the Battelle Company prepared a draft set of guideline specifications for wheelchair lifts, securement devices and ramps for presentation and discussion at the Workshop using the inputs developed during the Workshop and the written comments submitted following the Workshop. The Advisory Panel prepared the final guideline specifications. All have this general title: National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility. KW - Accessibility KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ramps KW - Specifications KW - Technology transfer KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281789 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471579 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BUS-WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY. GUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR WHEELCHAIR SECUREMENT DEVICES. MAY 7-9, 1986, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1986/05 SP - 23 p. AB - The National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility was held on May 7-9, 1986 in Seattle, Washington. The Workshop's goals were to establish greater awareness and understanding of the current accessibility issues; identify and resolve the key problems experienced in providing accessible service; and develop a workable set of industry guidelines for wheelchair lifts, securement devices, and ramps. The Conference addressed the options available to serve elderly and handicapped transit users: full-size lift-equipped buses on conventional routes and smaller vans and accessible buses in specialized supplemental service. Issues of safety, reliability and cost were discussed, as well as operationally-linked concerns. Questions of stability and crashworthiness arose pertaining to the small buses and paratransit vehicles. The Conference highlighted the need for standards associated with maintenance procedures for buses providing accessible service and for driver training to meet the needs of the handicapped. It also highlighted the need for additional development of wheelchair securement systems, especially automatic securement systems. This guideline specification is one of four specifications developed by the Advisory Panel of the Workshop, which developed separate guideline specifications for passive wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on transit buses), active wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on paratransit vehicles), ramps, and securement devices. Members of the Advisory Panel participated actively in the development of each individual guideline specification based upon their experience and interest. Although the Advisory Panel discussed many related accessibility issues, these specifications focus only on the technical requirements of a specific piece of equipment. They have been prepared to assist in the purchase of such equipment either separately or as part of an overall vehicle procurement. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Securement devices KW - Securing and joining equipment KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471577 AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BUS-WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY. GUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR ACTIVE WHEELCHAIR LIFTS. MAY 7-9, 1986, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1986/05 SP - 44 p. AB - The National Workshop on Bus-Wheelchair Accessibility was held on May 7-9, 1986 in Seattle, Washington. The Workshop's goals were to establish greater awareness and understanding of the current accessibility issues; identify and resolve the key problems experienced in providing accessible service; and develop a workable set of industry guidelines for wheelchair lifts, securement devices, and ramps. The Conference addressed the options available to serve elderly and handicapped transit users: full-size lift-equipped buses on conventional routes and smaller vans and accessible buses in specialized supplemental service. Issues of safety, reliability and cost were discussed, as well as operationally-linked concerns. Questions of stability and crashworthiness arose pertaining to the small buses and paratransit vehicles. The Conference highlighted the need for standards associated with maintenance procedures for buses providing accessible service and for driver training to meet the needs of the handicapped. It also highlighted the need for additional development of wheelchair securement systems, especially automatic securement systems. This guideline specification is one of four specifications developed by the Advisory Panel of the Workshop, which developed separate guideline specifications for passive wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on transit buses), active wheelchair lifts (those used primarily on paratransit vehicles), ramps, and securement devices. Members of the Advisory Panel participated actively in the development of each individual guideline specification based upon their experience and interest. Although the Advisory Panel discussed many related accessibility issues, these specifications focus only on the technical requirements of a specific piece of equipment. They have been prepared to assist in the purchase of such equipment either separately or as part of an overall vehicle procurement. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Guidelines KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462857 AU - Cleveland, D AU - Waissi, G AU - Wang, W AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT ACTION PERFORMANCE MODEL (TAPM). FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/05 SP - 46 p. AB - TAPM is a program package designed to help a traffic engineer or transit planner evaluate the impacts of actions intended to improve the movement of people on urban roads. At the present time TAPM contains four models. The signal-preemption model permits the user to evaluate different bus preemption signal strategies at an isolated intersection with no nearside bus stop. The bus-stop-spacing model helps the user to determine the optimum bus stop spacing for a bus route along a straight road with bus stops spaced equally apart. The signal-setting model is used for finding a fixed cycle length which minimizes total person delay at a simple crossing intersection. The HOV model is intended for the analysis of impacts of a proposed high-occupancy-vehicle lane of a freeway. This final report contains the list of necessary equipment, diskettes, and the basic instructions of how to get started, as well as a short description of the models. KW - Bus stops KW - Computer programs KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Mathematical models KW - Signalization KW - Spacing KW - Traffic signal preemption KW - Transportation KW - Transportation models KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274337 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462012 AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS PY - 1986/05 SP - 125 p. AB - This report is a source book for the transportation planner. By using the information in this report, the planner will have a more complete view of the courses and reports available from the Federal Highway Administration and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to help solve analysis problems. Reports are divided into seventeen topics, under which individual report titles, abstracts, and availability statements are listed. Courses are listed with course titles, objectives, descriptions, and course coordinators. Other government-sponsored sources of information are listed. This version is a revision of the March 1983 edition. KW - Curricula KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Problem solving KW - Reports KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471441 AU - Project for Public Spaces, Incorporated AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING HOW A STREET WORKS FOR ALL USERS. A DESIGN AND PLANNING MANUAL PY - 1986/05 SP - 150 p. AB - Pedestrian and vehicle congestion in Midtown Manhattan and the need to recognize the multi-purposes served by streets and sidewalks, generated this study. The study objective was to develop a methodology for systematically examining circulation and activity patterns of major commercial streets in Midtown. Two streets were selected for case studies--34th Street and Lexington Avenue. The fundamental issue addressed in redesigning the commercial/retail street was the allocation of space--how much to give to pedestrians, and how much to vehicles. The concepts of equity and balance among users was introduced to encourage planners, designers and traffic engineers to broaden their thinking and make sounder design decisions. This handbook serves as a practical guide for developing recommendations for the balanced improvements to streets. Improvements are based on a thorough analysis of two typical Midtown streets. The handbook is organized in 2 sections and the following subsections: Improving Pedestrian Flow; Intersection Improvements; Pedestrian Amenities; and Efficiency of Streetspace for Vehicles. Section 2 describes the methodologies used to evaluate problems and street deficiencies. Each subsection begins with an overview of problems, followed by a series of improvements cast in graphic and written form. This handbook is accompanied by a final report (UMTA-NY-09-0054-86-4) that provides an overview of the problems encountered, a description of strategies and policy changes needed to implement study recommendations, detailed technical data for the study area, as well as complete descriptions of study methods. KW - Amenities KW - Business districts KW - Case studies KW - Commercial districts KW - Crosswalks KW - Handbooks KW - Highway design KW - Highway traffic KW - Intersections KW - New York (New York) KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Sidewalks KW - Space allocation KW - Street design KW - Streets KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280735 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471442 AU - Project for Public Spaces, Incorporated AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING HOW A STREET WORKS FOR ALL USERS PY - 1986/05 AB - Problems of pedestrian and vehicle congestion in Midtown Manhattan, and the need for New York City to recognize the multiple purposes that streets and sidewalks serve, generated this study. The study objective was to develop a methodology for systematically examining circulation and activity patterns of the major commercial streets in Midtown Manhattan. Two streets were selected as case studies--34th Street and Lexington Avenue. Both streets share the interaction of public transportation, delivery vehicles, cars, shoppers, commuters, vendors, and passersby that add to the vitality of the street environment. Specific recommendations to improve design and management of these streets are presented. Basically, this report consists of 3 parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the problems and recommendations for the case study areas and a description of the strategies and policy changes necessary to implement study recommendations. Parts 2 and 3 provide technical data for both study areas. Included in this report are recommendations and concepts applicable to other heavily used commercial streets throughout the 5 boroughs of New York City. This final report is accompanied by a handbook designed as a practical guide to improve "Streets for All Users." The handbook stresses implementable design ideas (also discussed in this final report) that include such areas as the design of crosswalks and intersections, placement and design of pedestrian amenities and sidewalk elements, sidewalk widenings, width of street lanes, and curb lane uses. Recommendations call for a task force to activate the study recommendations, as well as for the City to form partnerships with private sector groups throughout Midtown to encourage such improvements. KW - Amenities KW - Business districts KW - Commercial districts KW - Crosswalks KW - Highway design KW - Highway traffic KW - Intersections KW - New York (New York) KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Private enterprise KW - Sidewalks KW - Street design KW - Streets KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicular traffic UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281760 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462866 AU - Kay, D M AU - Long Island Rail Road AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTALLY UNDESIRABLE CAR MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - n.p. AB - The Long Island Rail Road successfully demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing automated technology to perform undercar cleaning on a commuter railroad car on November 22, 1985. The demonstration was conducted by the Railroad's Industrial Engineering Department at the William B. Sheridan Repair shop. After the demonstration, a 3 dimensional computer model was developed to simulate the entire robotic system being considered for the Railroad's new Undercar Cleaning Facility. The demonstration consisted of one REIS V15 robot supplied by E.S.-I. Industries mounted on a 40' runway track. Six difficult-to-access M-1 car components were chosen to provide a representative test of the capabilities or limitations of the robot in this application. The actual cleaning process was performed using high-pressure air from a nozzle attached to the end of a robot arm. For purposes of the demonstration, the robot was maually repositioned along the track from point to point. The report is divided into 4 sections: (1) Schedule, installation and robot programming requirements, (2) Description of the demonstration, (3) The computerized simulation model developed for the proposed two-robotic production system, and (4) Findings, conclusions and concerns regarding the use of robotics for undercar cleaning operations. KW - Commuter cars KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Robotics KW - Simulation KW - Umta section 3 KW - Undercar cleaning KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275708 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463442 AU - Womack, K N AU - von Tress, M AU - Fesenmaier, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE USE OF PROFILES FOR METROPOLITAN TRANSIT AUTHORITY ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - 54 p. AB - The mid-1980s show that several Texas cities are exploring alternative mechanisms for providing transit service to their increasing urban population. As more urban areas of Texas seek legislative approval to establish metropolitan transit authorities (MTAs), objective information and analyses are needed to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of this organizational unit to deliver transit services. The purpose of this research was to develop current, objective analyses that would describe information valuable for decisions involving the expansion, establishment, and performance of MTAs in Texas. Data was examined from transit systems nationwide to simultaneously examine the performance of transit systems within their performing environment. One objective was to determine if transit systems can be classified into groups of similar performers/profiles based on geographic and/or demographic differences. The next step was to determine the distinctions between systems, mainly distinctions based on organizational structure or taxing capabilities. The overall objective of this study was to find out where Texas transit systems in general and MTAs in particular fit into the profiles, and how they compare with other systems in the U.S. The analyses revealed that 267 transit systems in the U.S. can be profiled into 7 categories based on 9 socioeconomic performance factors. Texas systems, with and without authority organizations, were classified as average. The procedures used in this study to reduce a sufficiently large amount of Section 15 data and census data into meaningful profiles yielded techniques that can be used to make comparisons of transit systems. The clustering analysis technique created a basis for within-group evaluation of system performance. KW - Cluster analysis KW - Clustering KW - Metropolitan transit authority KW - Profiles KW - Public transit KW - Quantitative analysis KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Texas KW - Transit authorities KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462903 AU - Teleride Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF RAPID TRANSIT RIDERSHIP PATTERNS. NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1986/04 SP - 242 p. AB - Present methods of monitoring operations on the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) subway system depend upon manual data collection and a combination of manual and computer processing of information. This adds significantly to the cost and increases time required to gather and process information. The purpose of this study was to investigate more effective and efficient methods of collecting and processing rapid transit ridership data through automated methods. Included in this analysis was an evaluation of alternative methods, the selection of the preferred method/s, and the development of a system functional and technical specification that could be included in a bidding document. A variety of passenger counting techniques were reviewed for applicability and summarized into 3 areas: station-mounted equipment, track-side systems, and on-train systems. The 3 methods selected and discussed in detail as having the most potential for immediate application were: the turnstile-based system that measures passengers entering or leaving the system at individual entrances and exits; load-weighing devices that could monitor the weight of the load on the car and thus the passenger load along the route; and photographic methods that would permit manual evaluation of loads on all trains passing a point in a more efficient manner than the stationary checkers on the platform. Additional details on the 3 systems and their implementation are included in Appendices A, B, and C of this report. The study conclusions favored automated passenger counting methods; use of this document to solicit bids for supplying a turnkey system; and implementation of the recommendations as a demonstration system utilizing advanced technology concepts. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automated passenger counters KW - Passenger counting KW - Photographic methods KW - Photography KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Ridership KW - Turnkey systems KW - Turnstiles KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weight measurement UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274367 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462019 AU - Allen, W B AU - Chang, K-P AU - Marchetti, D AU - Pokalsky, J AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE CAPTURE IN TRANSIT: THE CASE OF THE LINDENWOLD HIGH SPEED LINE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - 97 p. AB - Value capture, in this case, is the taking of some or all of the enhanced value of property which is caused by the government's investment in a transit system. Various studies have suggested that value capture be used to help finance transit systems. Recent studies have suggested that the value to be captured is very small and is very tightly spatially concentrated around the investment. An interdependent set of models of modal choice, station choice, and travel savings are developed using the economic law of market areas. Such models spatially separate the auto users from the transit users, spatially separate the users of station A from the users of station B, and spatially connect the locii of all points where the user saves an equal amount of money from using transit over auto. All of these models yield hyperbolas which bend around the stations on the Line. The station choice model is tested using auto access data for all suburban stations of the Line for a morning rush hour (13,000 observations). While a multinomial logit model is proposed to give the probability of station choice given station characteristics vis-a-vis other stations' characteristics, because such model would not run on the data set, the station chosen most often from any given location is assumed to be the preferred station for that location. The savings model is tested by postulating that residential sales price is a function of characteristics of the property, neighborhood characteristics, distance from the CBD, and savings. Value capture is tested by examining to what degree the savings are capitalized into the selling price of the property. Over 1,300 real estate transactions from 1980 are used to test the savings model. Conclusions are drawn concerning the use of value capture as a financing device in this context. KW - Financing KW - Location KW - Logits KW - Modal split KW - New Jersey KW - Ost university research KW - Property values KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273904 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458778 AU - Burke, D AU - Womack, K N AU - SAUNDERS, J AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF EQUITY IN FINANCING AND PROVIDING TRANSIT SERVICE IN TEXAS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - 45 p. AB - This report applies to Texas results from transit equity research done elsewhere in the United States. Texas transit characteristics, ridership, and financing mechanisms, are used to develop an understanding of the equity implications of trends in the Texas transit industry. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Income KW - Local government KW - Sales tax KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Texas KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457354 AU - Arlinghaus, S L AU - Nystuen, J D AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON BUS DURABILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/04 SP - 31 p. AB - A study was conducted to establish climatic peer groups that may be used, in combination with any set of Section 15 indicators, as a guide to understanding how climate affects participating transit authorities. Three climatic indicators were used to partition 203 transit authorities into "harsh," "intermediate," and "benign" climatic peer groups. The results are mapped and also displayed in tabular form. The hypothesis that bus durability is adversely affected in harsh climates was tested, using data from Section 15 indicators, to illustrate the method of employing these climatic peer groups. Section 15 indicators on "age distribution," "distance between roadcalls," and "vehicle miles per maintenance dollar," partitioned by climate class, provide support for this hypothesis. Implications resulting from the testing of this hypothesis suggest which climatic peer groups might benefit from additional evaluation of their maintenance strategy and which climatic peer groups might serve as maintenance models for others. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Climate KW - Cold weather KW - Durability KW - Operations KW - Umta section 11 KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465785 AU - Levinson, H S AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEMAND: A HANDBOOK FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS. SECOND EDITION PY - 1986/04 SP - 107 p. AB - This second edition of the CUTD handbook presents a comprehensive set of updated and reorganized data on a wide variety of statistics related to urban travel demand characteristics. Nearly all the travel demand data in this second edition postdates 1970, thus most of the older data in the 1978 first edition have been deleted. This handbook is designed to be used by transportation planners and analysts as a source of data to check the validity and reasonableness of local forecasts using either conventional or emerging planning/modeling techniques, or as a cross-check on the similarity of travel statistics from one locality to another. Another use of the handbook would be to examine how key statistics have changed over time and to transfer these changes from one area to another. For those planning to compare the recent information in this handbook to the same types of data in the first edition, a key that matches the tables between the handbooks is presented at the end of the introductory section. In this updated handbook, tables are grouped into 9 sections: A-Socioeconomic Characteristics for Study Area; B-Trip Generation: Person and Vehicle Trips; C-Trip Length and VMT Data; D-Mode Choice and Auto Occupancies; E-Temporal Distribution of Travel; F-CBD Characteristics and Travel Statistics; G-Truck Travel; H-Transit Usage Statistics; and I-Highway and HOV Usage Statistics. Section H presents statistics on the usage characteristics of transit facilities. Annual ridership and productivity statistics are reported for all commuter rail, rapid transit, light rail transit, streetcar systems, and major bus systems. KW - Handbooks KW - Modal selection KW - Mode choice KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275451 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471483 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING SYSTEM (UTPS). AN INTRODUCTION FOR MANAGEMENT PY - 1986/04 SP - 35 p. AB - The Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) was designed to provide planning and impact forecasting tools to meet the information demands of decision makers regarding transportation and land use issues. Developed jointly by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the entire UTPS system includes the UTPS computer package, supporting manuals and technical guides to non-computer methods. KW - Computer planning systems KW - Computers KW - Decision making KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471437 AU - New York City Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HERALD SQUARE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. PHASE 2 PY - 1986/04 SP - 60 p. AB - The Herald Square area of Manhattan is one of two triangular parks formed by the oblique intersection of Broadway and the Avenue of Americas (Sixth Avenue). Annual Sales of $500 million in the six major stores and other retail establishments make the area one of the greatest retail centers in the nation. Transportation facilities in the area are excellent. More than 500,000 rail and subway trips are made to and from the area daily. AMTRAK, the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit Lines provide regional and intercity rail service from Penn Station. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH terminal connects mid-Manhattan to New Jersey and lower Manhattan. The objectives of this project are to assess transportation improvement opportunities for the Herald Square study area and to develop a strategy for implementing surface and subsurface transit and transit-related improvements. This report documents work performed in Phase 2 of the study, namely: Private Sector Participation; Fiscal Constraints; Evaluation of Development Alternatives; and Improvement Objectives and Plans. Major transportation elements discussed and marked for improvements include subway stations, subsurface pedestrian passageways, major traffic arteries, and bus service. Improvements include plans for commercial development and access in the study area as well as elderly and handicapped access to the transportation system in the Herald Square study area. KW - Assessments KW - Coordination KW - Improvements KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - New York (New York) KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Retail trade KW - Subways KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Underground structures KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280731 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462823 AU - Cooper, E AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MINORITY ISSUES IN PUBLIC TRANSIT: FUTURE DECISIONS AND DIRECTIONS. PROCEEDINGS PY - 1986/03 SP - 115 p. AB - This report is a compendium of the proceedings of the symposium. It highlights the findings and recommendations of the second of a series of annual forums for leaders from the transit industry, all levels of government, academia, research organizations, and the private sector. The primary focus was to provide a forum for the discussion of issues and trends within the transit students and afforded the opportunity for an exchange between students and other participants. Additionally, the symposium was a forum for discussion of transportation research activities in progress at minority institutions. The forum included presenters from four Historically Black Colleges and Universities. KW - Civil rights KW - Decision making KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Economic development KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Ucr-20 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462822 AU - Cooper, E AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MINORITY ISSUES IN PUBLIC TRANSIT: FUTURE DECISIONS AND DIRECTIONS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/03 SP - 5 p. AB - This report highlights the findings and recommendations of the second of a series of annual forums for leaders from the transit industry, all levels of government, academia, research organizations, and the private sector. The primary focus was to provide a forum for the discussion of issues and trends within the transit industry affecting minority communities. Additionally the forums addressed concerns of students and afforded the opportunity for an exchange between students and other participants. KW - Civil rights KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Economic development KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Females KW - Minorities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Ucr-20 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274317 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462069 AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE CONTRACTING. NATIONAL SURVEY PY - 1986/03 SP - 107 p. AB - This report summarizes and presents the results to date of a comprehensive study on public transportation service contracting performed by the University of California-Irvine and the University of Pennsylvania. The 2 major study objectives were: to establish a national baseline for the current level and characteristics of transit service contracting through a nationwide survey of public agencies responsible for transit provision; and to estimate the cost savings potentially available through service contracting by means of comparisons of public agency and private operator cost levels, using 3 different comparison methodologies. Overall, this study consists of 4 components: 1) a nationwide survey of transit service contracting; 2) a comprehensive literature review on contracting for all types of public services; 3) development of estimates based on survey techniques of cost differences between public agencies and private contractors in delivering transit service; and 4) development and application (to specific transit agencies) of cost models to determine the differences in cost between public agency and private contractor provision of specific transit service. This report concerns the completed first three components of the study. The results of the nationwide survey of nearly 1,000 public transportation agencies indicated that transit service contracting is already a widespread practice in the U.S.--about 35 percent of all public agencies utilize some form of contracting--but it represents a very small portion of total transit operating expenditures (about 5 percent). The overall evidence of this research indicates that cost differences on the order of 10 to 50 percent exist between public agencies and private contractors or transit service. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Contracting KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Governments KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273942 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462020 AU - Imperial Calcasieu Regional Planning & Dev Comm AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT EXPANSION FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE WESTLAKE-SULPHUR CORRIDOR, LOUISIANA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 150 p. AB - Since the City of Lake Charles bought out the financially troubled private transit company in 1967, it has been operating bus service in the Lake Charles area. Earlier studies put forth the proposal to extend public transit service across the Calcasieu River to the area west of the River to the communities of Westlake, Sulphur, and Mossville (Westlake-Sulphur Corridor). The purpose of this study is to further research the proposed extension of bus service to the area. The study examines the potential demand and ridership for bus service; the design of a cost-effective and productive service to meet the demand; the management and financing of the expanded service; and the cost to local government involvement. Included in this report is: a description of the Westlake-Sulphur Corridor; current resources of the Lake Charles Transit System; analysis of the demand for public transit; ridership projections; alternative services; proposed management and financing alternatives; and local cost of expanded transit service. The study findings indicate a demand for transit service. The strongest demand for transit service comes from the Mossville community where incomes and automobile ownerships are low. The study will provide local government with information needed to weigh the benefits of the proposed extended transit service against the expected cost, and ultimately to assist in decision making regarding the expansion of the Lake Charles Transit System to the Westlake-Sulphur Corridor. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Extension KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Local government KW - Louisiana KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273905 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461995 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAREDO TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN UPDATE PY - 1986/03 SP - 103 p. AB - Laredo is located on the historic Rio Grande River in the southern part of Texas. It is the principal port of entry for travel between Mexico and the U.S. The City is served by Interstate Highway 35, U.S. Highways 59,81,83, and State Highway 359. Traditionally, Laredo has been a community with a high level of transit usage. The City of Laredo purchased the former privately owned transit system (El Metro) in 1976. El Metro is managed under contract with the Transit Management Company of Laredo. Presently the system operates a fleet of 27 coaches over 10 routes on a regular basis. Charter and other community services are also provided to residents and visitors. In 1985, El Metro logged over 840,000 miles of revenue service, serving over 3,378,000 passengers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existing community characteristics, transit service and ridership in Laredo, and to develop an updated 5-year transit improvement plan. The study is intended to provide the analyses necessary for reaching decisions with regard to operational and capital improvements for the 5-year program. This report analyzes and documents existing transit service, community and ridership characteristics, and develops transit service alternatives. A recommended transit improvement plan and 5-year operating forecast are developed. The recommended plan would expand transit services into unserved areas of Laredo, Texas. KW - Demographics KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Texas KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475872 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALLOCATION OF FEDERAL TRANSIT OPERATING SUBSIDIES TO RIDERS BY INCOME GROUP. DRAFT FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 49 p. AB - This report provides estimates of the levels and proportions of federal operating subsidies used to finance transit services for various income groups in the U.S. The study relies on ridership and fare data from the 1983 Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (NPTS), the 1983 Section 15 Uniform System of Accounts and Records and Reporting System, a 1983 New York Region travel survey, and fare data from the individual systems operating more than one transit mode. The study estimated how average costs of a transit trip varies by mode, time of day, and trip distance. It includes a new method of transit ridership estimation. This report is organized into 4 chapters including the Introduction. Chapter 2, Ridership Estimates--describes the estimation of nationwide transit ridership by mode, income group, time of day, and trip length, and addresses the issue of the reliability of these estimates. Chapter 3, Cost Allocation Procedures--describes procedures used to estimate cost of individual trips and the associated federal operating subsidy. Chapter 4, Estimates of the Distribution of Federal Operating Subsidies Among Income Groups--brings together the data and methods described in previous chapters and presents estimates of federal operating subsidies among income groups. Overall, this study provides a picture of how federal operating resources are spent providing a particular (transit) service patronized by various income groups. Information from this analysis can be used to help evaluate the desirability of the improvement in accessibility such a resource allocation implies. KW - Cost allocation KW - Fares KW - Federal aid KW - Income KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285996 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458773 AU - Donnelly, R M AU - Schwartz, C AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PRICING DEMONSTRATION IN BRIDGEPORT, CT: A CASE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 96 p. AB - Sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of Service and Management Demonstrations, the Bridgeport Pricing Demonstration began in September 1979 and ended in June 1985. It was one element of a broader brokerage demonstration at the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD). The purpose of this case study report is to document the results of the pricing program, and their implications for other areas and transit agencies where similar actions might be considered. The focus of the demonstration was the development of innovative fare prepayment mechanisms and their use in marketing the fixed-route bus system. The pricing manager designed fare prepayment mechanisms guided by revenue maximization and market segmentation objectives. A Commuter Pass was designed for use by commuters, and was restricted to use on weekdays during peak-hours only. The Fare Cutter Card was developed as an unrestricted, partial payment pass that required a small on-board cash fare for each trip made. Sales of the innovative passes implemented in Bridgeport were modest due to the lack of a sizable commuter or very price-sensitive transit market there. In other urban areas with different market and service characteristics, ridership response to similar market-segmented and restrictive use passes might be stronger. Private sector involvement in the form of fare prepayment subsidization and joint marketing was also a major element of the pricing demonstration. The pricing manager actively pursued a program of basic transit marketing in Bridgeport, in which tokens and merchant discount coupons became a significant mechanism for various forms of transit promotion. Many of these efforts drew substantial employer and business community support and participation. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Commuting KW - Connecticut KW - Employers KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Retail trade KW - Small cities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465713 AU - Landman, M AU - Millikin, J AU - West University Neighborhood Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF EUGENE PARKING PRICING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: MULTI-SPACE PARKING METER. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 39 p. AB - This report documents the City of Eugene, Oregon's Parking Pricing Demonstration Program that involved the purchasing and installation of two microcomputer controlled parking units as demonstrators for on-street parking in the West University (WU) area of the city. The objective was to shift long-term commuter parking from on-street to off-street parking facilities or other modes. Electronic multi-space parking meters have the capability of monitoring over 100 parking spaces at one time, and a pricing flexibility that could escalate pricing rates for several different time frames. The rationale behind the use of multi-space electronic parking meters was that, if on-street meter rates were inexpensive for short stays and progressively rose for longer stays, more long-term commuter parking would shift to off-street facilities and free-up more short-term on-street parking space. This report presents an analysis of the steps taken to purchase and install two electronic multi-space parking meters in the WU area of the city, and a review of the first seven months of operation. It includes a discussion of site development design, overhead meter shelters, meter coin collection procedures, maintenance, user problems, training, enforcement, public relations, and an evaluation. It also includes a list of vendors who distribute electronic multi-space meters. From the staff's point of view, the use of multi-space parking meters for on-street use demonstrated marginal benefits. However, the staff did recognize the potential value of multi-space parking meters for controlling many parking spaces. KW - Computers KW - Demonstration projects KW - Multi-space parking meters KW - On street parking KW - Parking meters KW - Parking regulations KW - Parking restrictions KW - Permits KW - Pricing KW - Residential areas KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275417 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461999 AU - JACQUEMART ASSOCIATES INC AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HART MARKETING AND OUTREACH PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 140 p. AB - This study focuses on increasing the productivity and efficiency of the Huntington Area Rapid Transit (HART) system and ultimately, mitigating the ongoing ridership decline. Study objectives were to: 1) analyze the 3 bus ridership markets (LIRR commuters, elderly and handicapped, and Melville employees) and investigate possible service changes and outreach programs to improve HART bus service system; and 2) develop a systemwide marketing program to increase ridership. This report provides detailed discussions of HART market segments and is organized accordingly: 1) LIRR Commuter Outreach Program--involved development of a database of railroad commuters that drive and park cars at the 4 Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) stations; 2) Elderly and Handicapped Outreach Program--involved identifying transportation needs of elderly and handicapped town residents and determining feasibility of establishing specialized services or changing existing van services to meet their needs; 3) Melville Industrial Area Outreach Program--involved capturing employer support for new bus service and traffic reduction strategies, and to extend outreach to include other companies/areas with potential for employer support of HART; 4) Merchant and Media Outreach Program--included pursuit of interest of merchants, media, and other local businesses for supporting transit promotion activities; development of advertising and information dissemination strategies; and development of a short-term plan for HART marketing activities (Appendix 3) and 5) Potential Service Improvements--discusses old and new commuter services, fixed-route and paratransit services, and privatization of services. A key finding was that HART ridership has suffered because of a lack of marketing activities. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Commuters KW - Databases KW - Huntington (New York) KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Marketing KW - Outreach KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public relations KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273888 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00473258 AU - Cavan, B P AU - Rhodes, G W AU - Wolosick, J R AU - Port Authority of Allegheny County AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - APPLICATION OF NATM TO PORT AUTHORITY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY'S STAGE 1, LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM MT. LEBANON TUNNELS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of this demonstration project was to implement into an existing tunnel design, as an option to bidders, an alternative design to allow construction of the tunnel system using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)--the state-of-the-art in tunnel design and construction. NATM is both a design philosophy and a general, but practical approach to tunneling. It's goal is to achieve a technically sound, safe and economical design. It is a concept which considers the geological formation surrounding the tunnel excavation as both a load and a load-carrying ring. NATM principles, design approach, bidder prequalification process and bid period results are presented in this report. Changes during construction, results of tunnel instrumentation and summaries of geological conditions are also presented. The report provides evidence that NATM is a tunneling philosophy which produces technically sound, cost competitive designs capable of being bid and constructed within the framework of existing American contracting practices. This report documents the demonstration project conducted by the Port Authority of Allegheny from its conceptual stage through construction of the tunnels. KW - Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) KW - Bids KW - Demonstration projects KW - Light rail transit KW - New Austrian Tunneling Method KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472782 AU - Day and Zimmermann, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROJECT MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT PROCEDURES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 108 p. AB - The purpose of the study was to develop a framework for developing project management oversight procedures for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The framework will develop consistency among contractors retained by UMTA to conduct Project Management Oversight (PMO) and will serve as a basis for enabling UMTA headquarters and regional office personnel to properly manage the overall PMO process, thereby providing the necessary oversight for its projects. KW - Oversight KW - Project management KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281432 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471643 AU - Teal, R F AU - Giuliano, G AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICE CONTRACTING PY - 1986/03 SP - v.p. AB - Study consists of four components: 1) A nationwide survey of transit service contracting; 2) A comprehensive review of the literature on contracting for all types of public services; 3) Development of estimates based on survey techniques of cost differences between public agencies and private contractors in delivering transit service; and 4) Development and application (to specific transit agencies) of cost models to determine the differences in cost betweeen public agency and private contractor provision of specific transit services. This report concerns the completed first three components of the study. KW - Competition KW - Contracting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Governments KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56528/publictransitser00inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281791 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471397 AU - McIntyre, R J AU - University of Texas, Austin AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DEMAND: CHARACTERISTICS AND ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - 104 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess and characterize the demand for rural public transportation service (RPT) in Texas; to develop practical procedures for demand analysis at the service area level; and to identify useful demand parameters of existing Texas systems. This report documents and characterizes the demand for RPT service in Texas. Determinants for this demand were analyzed using a database on existing Section 18 systems in Texas that were developed from 3 sources: Census Data, Section 18 contractors' quarterly forms, and a mail-phone survey of these contractors/operators. The database contains time series profiles of existing systems that reveal the sustained evolution and growth in the demand for these services over time. Ridership across existing systems was analyzed and indicated that elderly passengers were the largest fraction of trips (50 percent) served by these systems. Procedures for demand estimation are presented capturing the dependence of this demand on system supply and service availability, in addition to the usual sociodemographic variables. Alternate procedures are also developed to estimate potential demand, in the absence of supply information, and applied to calculate estimates for all counties in Texas. Other useful parameters of RPT demand are also presented, namely--specialized market segments and elasticities with respect to service levels. Information and procedures presented in this report will be useful to planners and decision-makers involved in the assessment, evaluation, and administration of existing or requested Section 18 programs in the State. KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Parameters KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Texas KW - Time series analysis KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471513 AU - Regional Transportation District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOUBLE DECKER BUS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/03 SP - v.p. AB - Late in 1982, the Regional Transportation District received a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) for testing and evaluation of the double decker bus. This report contains the results of tests and evaluations carried out which included surveys to drivers, mechanics and passengers with respect to the double decker bus. KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Double deck buses KW - Evaluation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Surveys KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Umta section 3 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281779 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471528 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REVENUE MAXIMIZATION LEAD PROGRAM PLAN PY - 1986/02/11 SP - v.p. AB - Purpose of this plan is to develop products which will aid transit authorities in recovering the full amount of fares due them; provide them with needed flexibility in implementing alternative fare structures; establish marketing strategies to increase fare and non-fare revenues; establish what improvements are needed in current fare payment equipment and procedures; develop guidelines on appropriate means for ensuring the full accountability for fares collected; and develop alternative fare media other than coins and bills to minimize opportunities for fare evasion and theft. KW - Crimes involving transportation KW - Fare collection KW - Fare evasion KW - Fares KW - Marketing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Theft KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281781 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462824 AU - Goldman, M AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. A REVIEW OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE FOR TRANSIT PY - 1986/02 SP - 86 p. AB - This report assists users in the selection of general accounting software for use on microcomputers. The reader should have a basic understanding of general ledger, accounts receivable functions. The report details the transit agency requirements for each of these functions and describes the specific items that make a transit agency different from commercial enterprises. Included with the discussion of requirements is a description of the features a software package should have in order to address each requirement. The subjective factors involved in software is also examined. These factors explain what to look for and expect in the areas of training, support and documentation and describes how to proceed with the selection process. Sources of information about microcomputer software packages are presented along with a discussion of the types of material from which to obtain detailed package information. The Appendix of the report contains a set software selection checklist which helps in the evaluation of package software. This review is oriented towards the "small" transit agency, which relates to the complexity of the accounting situation rather than to the number of buses operated, as the requirements are basically applicable to properties of all sizes. KW - Accounting KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462064 AU - Reinke, D AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DART: TAXI FEEDER SERVICE IN SAN DIEGO, CA. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - 222 p. AB - This is an interim report on a demonstration of the use of taxicabs as feeders to regular fixed-route bus service in San Diego, CA. The demonstration tests the use of taxi feeder service in three areas of the city. This report evaluates the taxi feeder service in the first demonstration area: Paradise Hills, a community in the southwest portion of the city of San Diego. A six-month planning period began in January 1982, during which the service was designed and a taxi contractor was selected. Service began in July 1982. When the demonstration ended in January 1984, the grantee (San Diego Transit Corp.) took over funding of the service as part of its regular operating budget. The evaluation covers the planning period, the demonstration period, and the first 14 months of operation under San Diego Transit funding. Evaluation issues include service planning and operations, demand, passenger attitudes, level of service, and service economics. Special attention is paid to the evolution of the service in response to changing operating conditions and patronage levels. Feeder patronage grew steadily over the course of the project from 50 passengers per day the first month to 140-170 per day by the end of 1984. The average subsidy per passenger decreased from over $4.00 to about $1.70 by the end of 1984. The feeder service appears to be a cost-effective alternative to transit service in low density or inaccessible areas. The feeder provides better coverage to Paradise Hills at a lower cost than the bus route that previously served the area. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration KW - Demonstration projects KW - Feeder services KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - San Diego (California) KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462006 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK PY - 1986/02 SP - 220 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) microcomputer references and training and 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. Previous editions of this document were published in June, August and November of 1982; January, March and September of 1983; March 1984 and February 1985. This edition contains new material as well as updates to the information in the previous edition, thereby superceding these editions. KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Software KW - Sources KW - Traffic engineering KW - Training KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461996 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TO NON-CBD INDUSTRIAL CENTERS. STEINWAY, QUEENS; HUNTS POINT, THE BRONX; AND GREENPOINT/WILLIAMSBURG, BROOKLYN PY - 1986/02 SP - 60 p. AB - The sharp employment decline during the 1960s and 1970s in the outlying industrial areas of New York City has slowed. However, the City's attempt to retain and attract blue-collar jobs or to encourage new industrial use are still hampered by inadequate public transit in the outlying employment areas. The purpose of this study is to identify low-cost transportation improvements to the City's public transportation and street systems that would enhance the economic viability of industrial areas outside of the Manhattan CBD; increase accessibility, security, and transit service to the outlying employment centers and thereby make it easier for companies to recruit workers especially those without automobiles. Thirteen major industrial areas outside the Manhattan CBD were identified and three were selected for in-depth analysis: Steinway in Queens; Hunts Point in the Bronx; and Greenpoint/Williamsburg in Brooklyn. The data used for analysis included journey-to-work, questionnaire surveys of transportation needs and usage, crime statistics, field observations and transportation information from the New York City Transit Authority and the Department of City Planning. Principal findings and recommendation to increase transit ridership and improve traffic conditions in the three study areas are documented in this report. Proposals for improving transit service and accessibility included modification of transit routes; creation of shuttle service, revision of bus schedules; improvement of schedule coordination; provision of paratransit service; erection of bus shelters; modernization of subway stations; and marketing of transit services. KW - Accessibility KW - Employment KW - Improvements KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Low costs KW - New York (New York) KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Security KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458883 AU - Federal City Council TI - TRANSIT IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL: WHAT LIES AHEAD? A STUDY OF PROJECTED TRANSIT SERVICE, COSTS, AND FINANCIAL IMPACTS ON THE REGION THROUGH THE YEAR 2000 PY - 1986/02 SP - 280 p. AB - The principal goal of the Federal City Council's study of transit finance in the Washington metropolitan area is to achieve a regional consensus regarding what the region's total transit costs and revenues are likely to be through the year 2000. In addition, the study looks at how well prepared the jurisdictions will be to assume their respective shares of the operating deficits and capital costs. Projections concerning future transit service levels, Metrorail and Metrobus ridership, operating and maintenance costs and fare policy among others are presented in the study. KW - Bus transportation KW - Data collection KW - Deficits KW - Finance KW - Financial analysis KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272749 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472719 AU - Bruggeman, J AU - Peskin, R AU - Dearborn, P AU - Wickstrom, G AU - Federal City Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL: WHAT LIES AHEAD? A STUDY OF PROJECTED TRANSIT SERVICE, COSTS, AND FINANCIAL IMPACTS ON THE REGION THROUGH THE YEAR 2000. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - 66 p. AB - This study was done by an Interagency Task Force of private, local, State and Federal government officials under the auspices of the Federal City Council of Washington, D.C. The principal goal of this study is to achieve a regional consensus regarding what the Washington Metropolitan Area's total transit costs and revenues are likely to be through the year 2000. In addition, the study looks at how well prepared the area's jurisdictions will be to assume their respective shares of the operating deficits and capital costs. The report points out that currently, there is no single set of projects of future transit costs upon which decision makers at all levels of Government (local, State and Federal) can agree. The study calls for a commonly agreed upon objective set on numbers, and especially in the light of proposed cutbacks in Federal transit assistance. This report projected transit service, patronage, costs, revenues and financial impacts for the Washington Metropolitan Area. Data was developed for the two years that represent major milestones in the development of the metrorail system: 1993-when the metrorail system is assumed complete and 2000-when 102 miles are assumed open to service. The study assessed financial burden by comparing projected growth in the local jurisdictions' property values and non-transit expenditures. The key findings of this study are that: 1) the financial burden of subsidizing transit operations will be essentially the same in 2000 as it is today; 2) the burden picture changes in 1993 when assistance for construction, rehabilitation and replacement costs are added to operating assistance payments; 3) ridership demand is not expected to increase in the future as high as earlier studies had forecasted; 4) operating costs and deficits will increase 24 and 22 percent, respectively, as rail service doubles and bus service remains nearly constant; and 5) annual rehabilitation and replacement costs will increase from $42 million in 1986 to $150 million by the year 2000. This Executive Summary includes an Appendix entitled: WMATA Obligations by Jurisdiction. KW - Costs KW - Financial analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281384 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472720 AU - Bruggeman, J AU - Peskin, R AU - Dearborn, P AU - Wickstrom, G AU - Federal City Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL: WHAT LIES AHEAD? A STUDY OF PROJECTED TRANSIT SERVICE, COSTS, AND FINANCIAL IMPACTS ON THE REGION THROUGH THE YEAR 2000. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - n.p. AB - This study was done by an Interagency Task Force of private, local, State and Federal government officials under the auspices of the Federal City Council of Washington, D.C. The principal goal of this study is to achieve a regional consensus regarding what the Washington Metropolitan Area's total transit costs and revenues are likely to be through the year 2000. In addition, the study looks at how well prepared the area's jurisdictions will be to assume their respective shares of the operating deficits and capital costs. The report points out that currently, there is no single set of projects of future transit costs upon which decision makers at all levels of Government (local, State and Federal) can agree. The study calls for a commonly agreed upon objective set on numbers, and especially in the light of proposed cutbacks in Federal transit assistance. This report projected transit service, patronage, costs, revenues and financial impacts for the Washington Metropolitan Area. Data was developed for the two years that represent major milestones in the development of the metrorail system: 1993-when the metrorail system is assumed complete and 2000-when 102 miles are assumed open to service. The study assessed financial burden by comparing projected growth in the local jurisdictions' property values and non-transit expenditures. The key findings of this study are that: 1) the financial burden of subsidizing transit operations will be essentially the same in 2000 as it is today; 2) the burden picture changes in 1993 when assistance for construction, rehabilitation and replacement costs are added to operating assistance payments; 3) ridership demand is not expected to increase in the future as high as earlier studies had forecasted; 4) operating costs and deficits will increase 24 and 22 percent, respectively, as rail service doubles and bus service remains nearly constant; and 5) annual rehabilitation and replacement costs will increase from $42 million in 1986 to $150 million by the year 2000. KW - Costs KW - Financial analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (District of Columbia) KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56584/transitinnation8720fede_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456262 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPRESS BUS ROUTE POLICY STUDY PY - 1986/02 SP - 271 p. AB - The growth of express bus service since its beginning in 1968 demonstrated that many New Yorkers and suburbanites are willing to pay substantially higher fares to commute to the Manhattan CBD. In terms of growth and user acceptance, express buses have been successful, but have also produced a number of problems such as traffic congestion in Manhattan and in major traffic corridors; the diversion of ridership and revenue from other public or private transit facilities; air pollution, noise, community disruption and other environmental impacts. This study examined the positive and negative consequences of the present situation--in terms of transportation service, financial and institutional considerations, and environmental impacts--and developed recommendations for a comprehensive City policy on express buses that defines their proper role in the region's transit mix and can be used to guide franchising and route approval for private and public operations. Study tasks included: a literature review of the subject; a review/survey of similar experiences in eight other major cities; a profile of the development of express bus service in New York City; and the results of an extensive interview program to further explore critical study issues and gather various groups perspective of the service. In addition, the study identified and discussed key problem areas requiring resolution in order to develop comprehensive city policies for express bus routes and developed a list of policy recommendations. Overall, the study recommended that the City develop express bus routes as part of a comprehensive express bus services plan and discusses the plan's requirements, implementation, impacts, and role in New York City transportation. KW - Commuting KW - Data collection KW - Environmental impacts KW - Express buses KW - Level of service KW - Modal split KW - New York (New York) KW - Policy making KW - Surveys KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268321 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458647 AU - Beltran, C M AU - Theobald, P M AU - Milan, F AU - Gomes, A AU - Comprehensive Technologies International, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MINORITY BUSINESS PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS: A MANUAL ON JOINT DEVELOPMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - v.p. AB - The promotion of commercial real estate development projects in and adjacent to transit facilities as a means of generating additional revenues to defray part of local transit agency operating costs also known as transit-related real estate development or joint development, provides unique financial benefits for investors and equity owners in both the public and private sectors. These benefits include: the generation of an income stream to supplement financial resources necessary to maintain and operate mass transit systems, the revitalization of the physical environment around the transit station, stimulating neighborhood and urban redevelopment, and the opportunity to integrate commercial real estate development projects into the public transit infrastructure system thereby reducing risks and uncertainty while increasing financial returns over the long term. Disadvantaged business enterprises (DBEs), defined as minority and women owned firms and minority/women entrepreneurs, have not fully participated in equity ownership opportunities offered by joint development projects partly due to a lack of awareness of available equity opportunities, a lack of knowledge of transit-related real estate development processes, and the assumption by public and private sector decision-makers that minorities and women are unable to participate as equity owners due to a lack of knowledge concerning financial and technical aspects of multi-million dollar transit related real estate development projects. The primary purpose of this manual is to promote increased equity ownership participation by DBEs in transit-related real estate development by introducing DBEs to the benefits and risks of commercial real estate development and the specific requirements of joint development projects. Designed as a self-teaching guide, the manual describes the unique characteristics of joint development projects; explains in detail the process underlying joint development focusing on participant roles and policies; provides a basic introduction to personal financial planning, so each DBE can evaluate his/her financial readiness to pursue equity ownership opportunities; and provides an analytical framework in which to apply the technical tools commonly used in analyzing a transit-related real estate investment opportunity. Case studies are presented which highlight some of the key issues associated with the unique aspects of joint development projects. KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Females KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Governments KW - Joint development KW - Manuals KW - Minorities KW - Ownership KW - Partnerships KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6400/6455/719.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462871 AU - Lyttle, D D AU - Freitag, D B AU - Christenson, D H AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT, PHASE IIB. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/02 SP - 210 p. AB - The purpose of the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) program was to develop an advanced automated guideway transit system capable of providing high passenger volumes, short waiting times, and high levels of passenger service. The system developed consists of small, automated vehicles operating on a single lane guideway at short headways with unmanned, off-line stations. The work in this report summarizes the work performed by Boeing Aerospace Company under the AGRT program, Contract Number DOT-UT-80041. The AGRT program summarized in this report focuses on the identification of the critical technologies required to safely command and control the movement of unmanned vehicles along a guideway. This report is organized to provide the reader insight into the management and development of the AGRT technology. A history of the program and its dependency on earlier developed and implemented technology and the identification of technologies that may be adaptable to existing transit systems is provided. Key issues and goals are presented as defined by UMTA for the introduction of microprocessor-based control systems. Summary conclusions are as follows: 1) the technology developed supports the partial automation of existing systems and more complete automation of new systems; 2) long range research and development directed to implementation of the technology to enhance transit efficiency and productivity should be continued; 3) safety and evaluation standards for implementation of microprocessor based control systems are required; and 4) a steering action group directed to monitor the implementation of automation to enhance transit system productivity is recommended. KW - Advanced systems KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic vehicle control KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Driverless rail transit KW - Fail safe KW - Fail safe systems KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462867 AU - Willis, Jordan AU - BROOKS, D AU - Bumpers, V AU - Jones, R AU - Kelly, T AU - Oliver, H AU - Harris County, Texas AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS: IMPROVED EMERGENCY ALARM/RESPONSE SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/01 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of the Emergency Alarm Systems Study is to provide management and supervisory personnel with the background of the bus emergency alarm system of the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas, and problems associated with the system's use. METRO is used as the basis of this study as its systems and problems are typical of many urban bus systems. This report provides a perspective on emergency alarms as used by transit properties in general. It describes the range of problems involving the use of alarm systems and further addresses the methods and forms of procedures to help remedy the problem of alarm misuse. It examines transit security problems relating to emergency alarms, including false alarms, malfunctions, misuse of the alarm system and alarm system training. It is an effort to understand the nature and extent of the problem and to develop a strategy to increase the efficiency of the emergency alarm system and thereby enhance the safety of mass transit employees and patrons. The report points out that the effectiveness of emergency alarm systems linking buses to police and security support is seriously hampered by a high percentage of false or misused alarms. Research done for this report and elsewhere indicates that human error and misunderstandings caused by a lack of training are the greatest problems in alarm misuse. To gain an overview of emergency alarm systems, the Houston (Harris County) METRO system was evaluated and visits were made to four transit properties. Nine properties were contacted by telephone. Contacts were also made with several nontransit organizations, both government and private firms in order to learn what percentage of the emergency alarms they deal with are false alarms. KW - Alarm systems KW - Buses KW - Emergency warning devices KW - Mechanical failure KW - Misuse KW - Safety and security KW - Training KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Warning signs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461994 AU - Gilbert, G AU - Feibel, C AU - Wiley, T AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION OF GROUND TRANSPORTATION AT U.S. AIRPORTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/01 SP - 153 p. AB - In order to assist airport managers in dealing with the ground transportation problem at U.S. airports, a study team at the University of North Carolina conducted a two-part airport ground transportation study. The first part of this study contains a national survey of U.S. airports and the second part contains ten case studies of airports around the United States that have incorporated interesting and innovative ground transportation control strategies. The national survey includes 175 airports, which represents 81.4% of airports surveyed. Each airport provided detailed data on policies regarding fees and regulations for each ground transportation mode. Airport managers report that hotel vans and other courtesy vans pose major problems in 46.3% and 42.5% respectively, of U.S. airports. Responses from managers further indicate that taxicabs and limousines pose a variety of problems ranging from littering and soliciting to over-charging and short-trip refusals. Airport size was also shown to be an important intervening variable. Both the severity of specific problems as well as the types of management controls vary with airport sizes. The study shows that airport policies are not uniform across modes and that very few airports have adopted policies with respect to fees, driver regulations, curb access, and entry controls. The study results find that airports can control the numbers of ground transportation vehicles allowed to pick up passengers departing from planes by the use either of an exclusive contract or multiple contracts. Among the case study airports, both Savannah and Orlando illustrate innovative approaches to limiting the number of taxicabs while at the same time allowing other non-contract taxicabs to have access to airport pickups. The on-site case studies are of airports in: Cincinnati, Ohio; Charlotte, North Carolina; San Diego, California; Greensboro, North Carolina; Orlando, Florida; San Francisco, California; Boston, Massachusetts; Savannah, Georgia; Miami, Florida; and Denver, Colorado. The authors point out that while there is a great deal of experimentation, there is little uniform attention to all ground transportation modes serving an airport. KW - Airport access KW - Airports KW - Case studies KW - Courtesy vehicles KW - Ground transportation KW - Limousines KW - Management KW - Regulations KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00487988 AU - Conly, B AU - Jordan, F AU - Omega Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE REGULATION AND OVERSIGHT OF PUBLIC TRANSIT SAFETY. VOLUME 1. FINAL REPORT. REPRINT PY - 1986/01 SP - 51 p. AB - This study is concerned with surveying the activities of state governments in reducing the accident level in public transit. It focuses on transit safety and regulatory role of the states. The fundamental issue is--what oversight activities do states engage in to assure public transit is as safe as possible. This report presents a review of the programs conducted by each state government to oversee the safety of public transit systems within its jurisdiction. A summary of each state program is presented and designed to answer the following questions: Does the state have an explicit transit safety policy? Is a state agency designated responsibility for safety oversight? Does it require a safety plan from each transit system? Does it require each system to obtain a state operating permit which includes safety criteria? Does it set vehicle and equipment standards? Does the individual operating a transit vehicle have to obtain a special operator's license? Does the state set standards concerning working conditions of vehicle operators? Does it require that transit vehicles be inspected periodically? Do state personnel conduct required inspections? Does the state require or conduct inspections of rail or other fixed guideway facilities? Does it inspect operating and working conditions? and Does it investigate transit accidents? In addition, the study assessed the roles of each of the State Public Utilities Commissions regarding oversight of transit safety. The research methodology combined the review of state documents, the analysis of state statutes and regulations, and phone interviews with state officials. This study covers 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The report provides conclusions and analyses of the states' transit safety programs. KW - Inspection KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - State government KW - Traffic safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/298543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458665 AU - NJ Transit Bus Operations, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXPRESS BUS PARK-RIDE IN SOUTH JERSEY. PHASE 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/01 SP - 12 p. AB - As part of its ongoing operations planning activities, NJ Transit plans to develop a solid network of park-ride facilities throughout South Jersey. The objective is to establish efficient and effective park-ride locations suitable for express bus service and serviceable to a Philadelphia-based commuter market. The study developed from the 1982 Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) study titled Analysis of Regional Park and Ride/Express Bus Service. NJ Transit reviewed the DVRPC recommendations regarding 19 potential park-ride sites and selected 5 corridors (6 sites) for further analysis and planning of park-ride sites. Corridors and locations were selected to reflect a diversity of corridors, to follow-up park-ride projects already at the implementation stage, and to ensure monitoring of activity at those sites already developed. Staff efforts during this phase were directed toward advancing the key park-rides at Willingboro Plaza and Washington Township to actual implementation. Briefly, this summary report highlights the activities and planning effort during the Phase 1 study period (April 1984-September 1985). It also provides a list of DVRPC recommended park-ride sites, a list of corridors and site locations selected for further analysis and implementation, and a site-by-site summary table of park-ride planning activities. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Commuting KW - Corridors KW - Express buses KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - New Jersey Transit KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - Planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272647 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456261 AU - Naiditch, D AU - Ebersohl, G AU - Robinson, F AU - Kern, J AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO MOBILITY USER PROFILE AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION STUDY PY - 1986/01 SP - 105 p. AB - Metro Mobility is a coordinated transportation service for disabled individuals in the Twin Cities, Minnesota area who are unable to use regular route transit service. Since the inception of the Metro Mobility service, profiles of users have never been developed. The purpose of this project is to develop profiles of typical Metro Mobility users and registered non-users and to assess general consumer satisfaction. Frequency of use, age of user, trip purpose, employment status and other socioeconomic data have been compiled for users and registered non-users of the service and are documented in this study. Included in this study is an assessment of the level of consumer satisfaction with respect to service access, on-time pickups, perceived reliability, waiting time, transfer time and fares. This study charts the profiles of Metro Mobility registrants, results of user survey, results of certified non-user survey, copies of both user and non-user survey forms in the Appendix. Overall, the findings of this project thoroughly describe the service users and may be used to evaluate user impacts that might result from the implementation of different Metro Mobility service options. KW - Coordination KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Social service agencies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268320 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468407 AU - LAUBE, M AU - Sullivan, M E AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING MANAGEMENT IN THE BOSTON REGION. AN ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS. CTPS TECHNICAL REPORT 58 PY - 1986/01 SP - 51 p. AB - Estimates of future fringe parking demand set forth in this report reflect recent increases in commuter rail ridership as well as carpool parking demand. This report presents an analysis of the need for additional commuter parking capacity in the Boston Region and examines potential fringe parking sites for both transit and carpool parking. This report consists of 2 main sections. Section 2 examines characteristics of the demand for fringe parking facilities of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) and the Massachusetts Department of Public Works. Section 3 presents an analysis of a parking management survey conducted in 99 cities and towns. The survey focuses on the role of parking management at the municipal level. Three communities were recommended as candidates for more detailed parking management case studies. Overall, this study provides some perspective on the nature of the region's parking problems and the magnitude of possible future parking management actions. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Carpools KW - Needs assessment KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279362 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00459698 AU - NJ Transit Bus Operations, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CAMDEN TRANSPORTATION CENTER BUS MOVEMENTS STUDY. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1986/01 SP - 18 p. AB - The Camden Transportation Center (CTC) is a multi-mode facility now under construction in downtown Camden and scheduled to open in mid-1986. The facility will provide access to local, commuter, and long-distance bus routes operated by NJ Transit; intercity bus routes operated by Trailways; and the PATCO high-speed rail line. Included in the Center will be a 400 space parking deck (enclosed) as well as taxi facilities, office space, and retail stores. The bus terminal area of the Center will be located on a parcel of land in downtown Camden bordered by Broadway on the west, Federal Street on the north, Haddon Avenue on the east, and Mickle Boulevard on the south. The purpose of this study was to review NJ Transit bus operations in downtown Camden and recommend actions for properly utilizing the new facility. This report is organized in 3 sections. Section 1 analyzes two potential bus passenger markets (commuters who currently drive and park autos in downtown Camden, and Atlantic City casino workers who live in and around Camden). Section 2 outlines a proposed operating plan for NJ Transit bus operations to be in place when the Center opens. Chapter 3 reviews the results of a detailed onboard Camden area local bus passenger survey conducted for this study. Route by route summaries of the survey findings are presented along with recommendations for future actions. Detailed descriptions of the study method, survey questions, and cross-tabulations used to provide data for this analysis can be found in the final report. Survey results support the contention that NJ Transit local bus routing in Camden is basically sound and does not require any significant modifications. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus transportation KW - Camden (New Jersey) KW - Central business districts KW - Commuters KW - Data collection KW - Multimodal transportation KW - New Jersey Transit KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Passenger terminals KW - Passengers KW - Public transit KW - Surveys KW - Transportation operations KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273163 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471440 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHICAGO DOWNTOWN TRANSIT DISTRIBUTION STUDY PY - 1986/01 SP - 156 p. AB - Concern about continuing growth and development in Chicago's downtown area and resulting demands upon the Central Area transit services generated this study. This report focuses on the downtown transit system distribution problems and solutions. The study purpose was to determine the magnitude of the downtown distribution/circulation problems and needs, and to identify the intermediate and long term directions for future investments in the downtown transit system of Chicago. This report presents an overview of the proposed downtown development patterns vis-a-vis a description of existing and projected travel patterns/problems associated with the development. Both short-term, low cost improvements and long term capital intensive projects were proposed and analyzed. Low cost improvements included areas such as existing bus service, new transit services, pricing and fare structure changes, and pedestrian environment. High capital cost alternatives included the investigation, evaluation, and selected combination of fixed-guideway options, namely--automated guideway transit, light rail transit, and rail rapid transit. This report provides recommendations regarding short term improvements that could be implemented immediately, and those fixed guideway alignment technology options that require more detailed analysis and consideration. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Fares KW - Fixed-guideway transit KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Needs assessment KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transit services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban growth KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280734 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471436 AU - Nahum, C AU - Reyes, B AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL-NEEDS TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION: ANALYSIS OF THE USER SURVEY PY - 1986/01 SP - 85 p. AB - In March 1982, the MBTA discontinued its daytime many-to-many paratransit service within the downtown Boston area, and replaced it with an accessible fixed-route van/bus service called the Downtown Distributor (discontinued in May 1985). Users were surveyed in March 1984 concerning their use of the revised service, their use of available paratransit, and their feelings about other possible service changes. In the same survey, inquiries were made about users' socioeconomic characteristics. This report presents the results of the March 1984 survey of users of THE RIDE and the Downtown Distributor--transportation systems for the mobility impaired. Findings indicated that nearly 60 percent of the survey respondents were older than 65 years of age, 40 percent were 75 or older; 40 percent of respondents earn less than $5,000 per year (1984 dollars); 60 percent live in single-person households; and users in genenal were satisfied with most aspects of the service. This report concludes with recommendations for future action, including the institution of a computer-assisted scheduling system, a change in scheduling policy, operational changes, and promotion of greater public awareness of the services. KW - Aged KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Fixed routes KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Socioeconomic data KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Special user groups KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462032 AU - Abrams-Cherwony and Associates AU - Nassau County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MSBA MANAGEMENT STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986/01 SP - 315 p. AB - The Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA), in its 13th year, has largely completed its transition from numerous small, independent private bus operations servicing segments of the County's transit riders to a single, unified operation serving the entire market. The objective of this study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of MSBA at this point in time, and to identify opportunities for improving MSBA's ability to meet the challenge of continued service to the County in lieu of current and prospective system constraints such as increasing costs, declining federal assistance, and increasing County fiscal concerns. This report documents the second major review of the MSBA in terms of how and at what costs service is delivered to the riding public. The main activity of the study was the analysis of individual management functions to determine opportunities for improving operating and financial performance. The analysis was structured to reflect the organization of MSBA's management functions. Because of the largeness of the analysis, the report is divided into several sections. Each section is a "stand alone" report in that it focuses on a particular aspect of the present bus system. This report contains detailed analysis, in 8 sections of the report, of the following individual management functions: Peer Group Analysis, Administrative Functions, Collective Bargaining, Scheduling and Runcutting, Transportation, Vehicle Maintenance, Governance, and Implementation Program and Impacts. The concluding section summarizes study recommendations in each of the diverse functional areas. Each proposal includes a description of the section, its stated objectives, implementation responsibilities and schedule. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Collective bargaining KW - Financing KW - Implementation KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Suburbs KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070671 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - East urban corridor transit improvements, San Diego region : environmental impact statement PY - 1986///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830056 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462067 AU - Southeast Michigan Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HANDBOOK. GUIDE FOR DEVELOPING A TRANSIT SAFETY AND SECURITY INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1986 SP - 21 p. AB - This handbook provides a step-by-step path for developing and implementing an effective computerized transit crime and accident data information system. Details are given on those elements that help make up a successful reporting program. Steps include: I. Determine Information Needs, II. Identify and Select Data Sources, III. Implement Data Management Procedures, IV. Analyze and Compile Data Findings, and V. Apply Data Findings. A case study is also included. KW - Case studies KW - Crashes KW - Crimes KW - Development KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Information systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935204 AU - Systems Control Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - California Department of Transportation TI - SANTA BARBARA ELECTRIC BUS PROJECT : PHASE 3D : FISCAL YEAR 1985 PY - 1986 SP - 42, [34] p. AB - This document constitutes an application to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration for a research, development, and demonstration grant to be used by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for Phase 3D of the Santa Barbara Electric Bus Project. It explains the need for additional funding, and gives background information on the project and the completed components of the project to date. The document also discusses the significance of roadway electrification and inductive coupling technology for other applications beyond transit. KW - Electric buses KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Guided buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771802 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTRIS SELECTIONS PERTAINING TO : AUTOMATIC VEHICLE MONITORING OR LOCATION SYSTEMS (72 SELECTIONS) PY - 1986 SP - 74 p. AB - This is an annotated bibliography from a database search on UMTRIS (a subfile of TRIS-on line) on the subject area "Automatic Vehicle Monitoring or Locating Systems." There are 72 selections, and full bibliographic citations, abstracts, and text availability are provided. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488628 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472737 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA ABSTRACTS. JANUARY-JUNE 1986 PY - 1986 SP - v.p. AB - This is a compilation of the Technical Report Documentation pages from reports that were received in the Office of Information Services during the period from January through June 1986. The compilation is done twice yearly, January through June and July through December. The original UMTA Abstracts, which was published bi-monthly and was distributed widely, has been discontinued. It has been incorporated into the data base of the Urban Mass Transportation Research Information Service. KW - Energy KW - Fares KW - Financing KW - Land use KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Safety KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468385 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEDURES AND TECHNICAL METHODS FOR TRANSIT PROJECT PLANNING. REVIEW DRAFT. SEPTEMBER 1986 PY - 1986 SP - v.p. AB - The primary objective of this guidance manual is to share the best professional practices of the past 10 years, during which time the Urban Mass Transportation Administration has been an active participant in transit project planning studies across the country. It reflects the creative thoughts of a multitude of transportation planners in State and local governments, consulting firms, and the academic community and is specifically designed for State and local agencies that are considering the implementation of fixed guideway transit projects--new rail systems, rail extensions, busways, and the like--with UMTA funds, yet can also be useful to those considering the development of fixed guideway systems without Federal capital funding. This guidance is divided into three major parts: Part I: The Major Capital Investment Planning Process which provides an overview of the planning process for major investments, defining the various phases in the process and the UMTA policies that apply; Part II: Conduct of the Technical Analysis which summarizes methodologies for generating the technical information appearing in the draft environmental impact statement or environmental assessment; and Part III: The Decisionmaking Process discusses how the technical information generated in the study is put together in a way that will assist project decisionmaking. Also included is a series of appendices which bring together the most important regulations, policy statements, and other information relevant to project planning. KW - Decision making KW - Fixed-guideway transit KW - Government funding KW - Investments KW - Manuals KW - Rail transit KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281674 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468012 AU - Landman, M AU - Millikin, J AU - West University Neighborhood Association AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF EUGENE RESIDENTIAL PREFERENTIAL PARKING/COMMUTER ON-STREET PERMIT PARKING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1986 SP - 41 p. AB - The City of Eugene, Oregon, has been demonstrating innovative approaches to solving neighborhood-based parking problems since 1978. Areas have been transformed from single family residential housing to a mix of commercial, institutional, single and multi-family dwellings. The purpose of this project is to implement a parking pricing demonstration program in the West University (WU) area of the city that would reduce long-term commuter on-street parking and incoming traffic, and create more convenient parking for residents, shoppers and residents. Elements of the program include Residential Preferential Parking (RPP) Zones, sale of commuter on-street parking permits, and installation of multi-space computerized parking meters. This report focuses on the basic RPP tasks, namely--planning, implementation, operations, and key elements for maintaining a stable administrative course. The program has also produced a report on multi-space computerized parking meters, which together with this and the evaluation report provide a complete account of the WU Parking Pricing Demonstration Program. Implementation of RPP zones in the core residential area of WU have proven to successfully meet residential needs. Feedback from area small businesses indicates no negative program impact on commerce in the neighborhood revitalization standpoint. Charts in this report define parking symbols and reproduce parking permits, parking forms and a parker's guidebook. Projected annual program revenues are charted at $78,120, expenditures at $62,400 and anticipated program surplus funds at $15,720. KW - Commuters KW - Computers KW - Consumer behavior KW - Consumer preferences KW - Demonstration projects KW - On street parking KW - Parking meters KW - Permits KW - Pricing KW - Residential areas KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00465772 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Transportation Associates, Incorporated TI - WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY 1986 AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTER PROJECT ACCURACY EVALUATION PY - 1986 SP - 47 p. AB - The purpose of the 1986 WMATA Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) Accuracy Evaluation was to complete WMATA's 1984-85 project experience with APC technology. The 1984-85 project demonstrated APC capability by analyzing 5 WMATA routes and preparing recommendations for route improvements based on APC collected data; it did not include a formal APC accuracy evaluation. This 1986 APC evaluation was performed to assist WMATA in determining the role of APC technology in their total data collection effort. The 1986 project produced approximately 18,000 observed boardings/deboardings and consisted of over 400 sample trips. This evaluation represents the largest, most thorough accuracy evaluation of APC technology ever performed. The Urban Transportation Associates (UTA) provided APC equipment and analytic services for this APC project, namely: 3 APC units, 8 DC signpost transmitters and 1 month lease period plus preparation of WMATA's analyses. During October 1986, 3 APC equipped WMATA buses were deployed on the Rhode Island bus line. Experienced checkers rode selected trips on the APC equipped buses and performed standard WMATA ride checks, noting time, boardings, deboardings, and passenger load at each bus stop. The APC system produced a corresponding listing, thus allowing a detailed analysis of manual/APC concurrence to be conducted. Conclusions state that UTA's APC system produced a total boarding count equal to 99.7 percent of total WMATA checker boarding counts, and 98.4 percent of total WMATA checker deboarding counts. UTA's APC system counted total boardings/deboardings as accurately as experienced WMATA checkers. The concurrence between APC and manual counts were consistent throughout the project. KW - Accuracy KW - Automated passenger counters KW - Bus transportation KW - Evaluation KW - Passenger counting KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474159 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA ABSTRACTS. COMPENDIUM: JULY-DECEMBER 1986 PY - 1986 SP - 98 p. AB - This is a compilation/compendium of Technical Report Documentation pages that provides bibliographic information and abstracts for 86 recently available UMTA-sponsored documents. The compendium is compiled twice a year and replaces the former bimonthly publication of the UMTA Abstracts. Information regarding the availability of a full-text copy of any report cited in the Abstracts is included. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Fares KW - Feeder services KW - Financing KW - Maintenance KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285365 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471395 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PROGRAM FOR THE MONTACHUSETT REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1986 SP - 11 p. AB - This brief paper outlines the Safety Program for the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART). The Safety Program is a plan of intended procedures regarding matters of safety, and reflects some of MART's basic beliefs, namely--all injuries can be prevented; every worker who performs an operation should be trained in the safest method; and a holistic approach that focuses on the whole body and lifestyle of MART employees and bus and van drivers. The program has been designed for MART's unique situation, i.e., for the 10 full and part-time administrative employees of MART; and the bus and van drivers, and mechanics contracted out with other companies. Overall, this paper outlines MART's safety goals and objectives, its national overview and approach to the safety issue, and a plan of action. It is recommended that the outline for MART's safety program begin as soon as possible and conclude at the end of the fiscal year. MART will compare the 1986 and 1987 safety records, determine improvements and trends, evaluate the success of the program and offer recommendations for improvements. KW - Montachusett regional transit authority (Mart) KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462013 AU - Westinghouse Electric Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STARS AC PROPULSION PROJECT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - v.p. AB - This report describes the design, manufacture and testing of a propulsion system for passenger rail application utilizing variable-voltage, variable-frequency (VVVF) inverter and a squirrel cage induction motor, along with associated microprocessor control circuitry. Novel developments in this propulsion system include the use of gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs); advanced semiconductor cooling methods; and multiple microprocessor, direct digital control. The rationale behind this development includes several factors: reduced maintenance and improved reliability associated with brushless AC motors and solid state electronics; improved energy efficiency due to elimination of series resistors; and high regeneration capability, further reducing energy usage. A net reduction in life cycle cost is predicted due to these factors when compared with conventional cam-controlled, series resistance DC propulsion systems. The report describes the six candidate systems studied, and explains the selection and design of the chosen system. Test data from a full scale laboratory model is included, along with studies of reliability, maintainability, safety, energy usage and life cycle cost. KW - Alternating current KW - Frequency (Electromagnetism) KW - Induction motors KW - Inverters KW - Microprocessors KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Stars program KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Variables KW - Vehicle power plants KW - Voltage regulation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462856 AU - Haines, G AU - Clohessy, T AU - Fredericks, W AU - Ochs, H AU - Thangavelu, K AU - Gupta, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OTIS ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT (AGRT) PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 218 p. AB - In recent years, it was recognized that a new generation of controls for automated transportation was needed if substantial improvements in the service, cost, and attractiveness of future transit systems were to be realized. Therefore, the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) Program was established to develop and demonstrate an automatic "moving block" control system for large scale urban applications based on a computer hardware/software hierarchy, taking advantage of advances in microprocessor and minicomputer technology. The AGRT program was structured to include design, fabrication, test of guideway, vehicle, and control system elements. However, primary emphasis was placed on the development and demonstration of microprocessor-based control and safety and communications systems which would have general application in urban mass transit. The authors point out that microprocessor-based systems offer the transit system operator the potential for significantly increased operational flexibility and system productivity, compared to conventional control and safety programs. Advances in microprocessor technology made this application possible. During several phases of the AGRT program over a period of several years, Otis Elevator Company, the Boeing Company, and Rohr Industries developed control system designs which met the program objectives. This report summarizes the work accomplished by the Otis Elevator Company on advanced automated transit technology under the AGRT program. A brief history of the program is provided along with a summary of significant technical accomplishments and findings in the area of mini and microprocessor controls, fault-tolerant computing and software development. A program status summary and comprehensive reference list is also provided. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Hardware KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Microprocessors KW - Rapid transit KW - Software KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274336 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462855 AU - Haines, G AU - Clohessy, T AU - Fredericks, W AU - Ochs, H AU - Thangavelu, K AU - Gupta, P AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OTIS ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT (AGRT) PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT. APPENDICES A AND B PY - 1985/12 SP - 175 p. AB - In recent years, it was recognized that a new generation of controls for automated transportation was needed if substantial improvements in the service, cost, and attractivenss of future transit systems were to be realized. Therefore, the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) Program was established to develop and demonstrate an automatic "moving block" control system for large scale urban applications based on a computer hardware/software hierarchy, taking advantage of advances in microprocessor and minicomputer technology. The AGRT program was structured to include design, fabrication, test of guideway, vehicle, and control system elements. However, primary emphasis was placed on the development and demonstration of microprocessor-based control and safety systems and communications systems which would have general application in urban mass transit. The authors point out that microprocessor-based systems offer the transit system operator the potential for significantly increased operational flexibility and system productivity, compared to conventional control and safety programs. Advances in microprocessor technology made this application possible. During several phases of the AGRT program over a period of several years, Otis Elevator Company, the Boeing Company, and Rohr Industries developed control system designs which met the program objectives. This report summarizes the work accomplished by the Otis Elevator Company on advanced automated transit technology under the AGRT program. A brief history of the program is provided along with a summary of significant technical accomplishments and findings in the area of mini and microprocessor controls, fault-tolerant computing and software development. A program status summary and comprehensive reference list is also provided. KW - Advanced systems KW - Automated transit system KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Automatic control KW - Hardware KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Microprocessors KW - Rapid transit KW - Software KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274335 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462837 AU - Hayden, L AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE: AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE PY - 1985/12 SP - 90 p. AB - This module is intended to provide a broad, concept-based introduction to the topic of transportation brokerage for use in both undergraduate and graduate transportation-related courses. The material is designed to be useful in many disciplines including engineering, business, marketing, and technology. The concept of transportation brokerage is defined as an assignment of the management of a specific element of a city's or region's transit needs to an independent agency or firm. This module describes the components of a brokerage operation and the problems and issues associated with the adoption of such a system. Key ideas are illustrated by the use of case histories and examples where possible. KW - Brokerage KW - Instructions KW - Management KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274329 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462836 AU - Scalici, A AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT: AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE PY - 1985/12 SP - 120 p. AB - This module is intended to provide a broad, concept-based introduction to the topic of paratransit for use in both undergraduate and graduate transportation-related courses. The material is designed to be useful in many disciplines including engineering, business, marketing, and technology. The concept of paratransit generally refers to modes of transportation other than mass transit and solo-driven automobiles. This module examines the characteristics of various paratransit modes and the various applications of these modes according to their characteristics. A systematic approach for paratransit planning is presented along with problems and issues associated with the design and implementation of paratransit systems. Key ideas are illustrated by the use of case histories and examples where possible. KW - Instructions KW - Marketing KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274328 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462835 AU - Hayden, L AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE PY - 1985/12 SP - 127 p. AB - This module provides a broad concept-based introduction to the topic of rural public transportation for use in both undergraduate and graduate transportation-related courses. The material is designed to be useful in many disciplines including engineering, business, sociology, and technology. Rural public transportation involves systems in rural and small urban areas with populations under 50,000 people. Public transportation services in rural areas have often been provided by social service agencies for their clients. New federal programs have facilitated the development of rural systems open to the public but strong local involvement and support are necessary to creat and support such services in low-density, rough terrain areas. KW - Instructions KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274327 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462834 AU - Wright, P H AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKET SEGMENTATION: AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE PY - 1985/12 SP - 100 p. AB - This module is intended to provide a broad, concept-based introduction to the topic of market segmentation for use in both undergraduate and graduate transportation-related courses. The material is designed to be useful in many disciplines including engineering, business, marketing, and technology. The concept of market segmentation is primarily a transportation planning technique by which the needs of a specific locale or population are systematically determined and compared to existing services within that same locale to identify unmet transportation needs. The unmet needs are used, then, as the basis for targeting new or modified services. This module outlines a series of steps for segmenting a region or population and discusses pertinent problems and issues which arise throughout the process. Key ideas are illustrated by the use of case histories and examples where possible. KW - Instructions KW - Marketing KW - Modules KW - Modules (Electricity) KW - Needs assessment KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274326 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462833 AU - Fruin, J AU - Marshall, R AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEMS. PHASE III: SUMMARY REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 81 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program was originally phased to lead to a public use demonstration. The report summarizes Phase III of the Project series and contains descriptions of the work performed by the Port Authority, and passenger and equipment tests performed by the licensee manufacturer of the TRAX variable speed accelerating walkway system. The TRAX system is a 4:1 speed ratio, loop configuration AWS with a treadway comprised of grooved, overlapping and intermeshing pallets. The handrail consists of individual handgrasps connected by a covered chain. Except for the variable speed capability, the walkway resembles conventional single speed passenger conveyors in use at many airports. Passenger tests of the TRAX AWS with a range of users showed favorable acceptance of the system at speeds of 360 and 480 fpm (1.8 and 2.4 mps). Some user problems were experienced at higher speeds. Equipment problems surfacing during debugging runs were satifactorily resolved, but further design changes are recommended to improve compliance with the ANSI A.17.1 Code, and to increase system reliability. Tests showed that AWS maintenance can be accomplished by typical escalator mechanics. Installed cost of the TRAX loop AWS is 7-10 times that of conventional one-way walkways, power consumption is greater due to the higher speed, and overall operations cost would be dependent on applications context. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passengers KW - Speed KW - Testing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274325 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462061 AU - Chicago, City of, Illinois AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENGLEWOOD TRANSIT CORRIDOR STUDY PY - 1985/12 SP - 98 p. AB - Beginning with the construction of the south branch of the elevated structure (EI) in 1890 and continuing through the recently completed extension of the El to O'Hare airport, rail rapid transit service has played an integral part in the growth and development of the City of Chicago, Illinois. The City and CTA's commitment to preserving and insuring the viability of the rapid transit system and the surrounding neighborhood emphasized the need for continuing investment in the maintenance, repair, and replacement of the system, and for a leadership role to promote the revitalization and redevelopment of the area. Daily ridership for the 5 stations on the Englewood line (Ashland, Racine, Halsted, Harvard, and Wentworth) is 11,200. The purpose of the Englewood El Corridor study was to prepare an overall plan and program to guide future public and private development, and the improvement of transit service and facilities within the Corridor. The planning program involved community and community representatives' participation. Information was collected and analyzed regarding transit facilities, ridership, land-use, building conditions, traffic, and public improvements. This report consists of 3 parts: Planning Framework, Development Plan, and Development/Implementation Strategy. A basic framework for future transit facilities and revitalization of the Corridor is documented. The report documents the study findings and recommendations for improving transit facilities and encouraging Corridor development that will result in increased ridership and revenues from the Englewood rapid transit line. KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Redevelopment KW - Revitalization KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273935 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462026 AU - National Transit Services, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE CITY OF TEMPLE, TEXAS PY - 1985/12 SP - 96 p. AB - The objective of this Transportation Development Plan (TDP) was to determine the potential need for improved public transportation services in the City of Temple, Texas, and design and implement a cost effective and reasonable system to meet this need. The Temple TDP consists of 2 documents: 1) the Transit Resource Report--provides a detailed evaluation of existing transportation conditions, survey of transit providers, travel behavior survey of Temple households, service problems and alternatives; and 2) the Transportation Development Plan Final Report--summarizes the Technical Resource Report and provides recommendations for improving transit service in Temple. Recommendations in this report include a management and organizational structure, a plan for operations and maintenance, a discussion of the system's marketing needs, a capital and operating budget for a five-year period, an implementation plan as well as recommendations regarding fare structure, service levels, and equipment needs. The study selected and recommended a fixed-route fixed-schedule transit alternative for the City of Temple, Texas. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Fixed routes KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel behavior KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273910 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458900 AU - Day, F B AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE JULY 1980 MERCER METRO (TRENTON, NJ) FARE INCREASE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 64 p. AB - This report evaluates certain effects of a July 1980 fare increase on Mercer Metro ridership. The evaluation addresses aggregate ridership change as well as effects on individual transit user groups. The scope of this analysis was governed by a set of cross-tabulations derived from the original survey data. More extensive analysis would be possible with a more complete compilation of information contained in the original surveys. The ability to draw definitive conclusions about the influence of the fare hike was also inhibited by the influence of a gasoline crisis and high gasoline prices around the time of the fare increase. It appears, however, that the presence of high gas prices did not fully offset ridership losses brought on by the fare increase. Price-demand elasticity estimates appear to be slightly lower than would otherwise be expected, although the sample size on which these estimates are based is relatively small. KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Increase KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Pricing KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Trenton (New Jersey) KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272757 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462853 AU - Morris, A G AU - City University of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF A MANDATED TRAINING PROGRAM ON NEW TAXICAB DRIVERS IN NEW YORK CITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - n.p. AB - 4369 surveys were completed by applicants for a hack license enrolled in the New York Taxi Drivers Institute (NYTDI) which offered a 20 hour training program that was mandated for all incoming taxi drivers in New York City in January, 1984. 73 percent of the sample population were born in 82 countries other than the United States, and the students were conversant in 72 languages other than English. A majority of the students (67%) ranged in age from 25 to 40 years of age. They were relatively well educated with 47 percent reportedly completing two or more years of college. The majority of the applicants planned to work full time for fleet or mini-fleet operations after receiving their licenses. Pre- and post-program focus groups held at both NYTDI sites revealed three major areas of concern: the negative image of the industry; the lack of an advocate for drivers who were perceived to be subject to unreasonable demands by the public, the regulatory agencies, and the media; and personal security. Post-program students gave the NYTDI a positive rating due in no small part to the excellent teaching by the faculty (former taxi drivers or current industry staff) of the well conceived curriculum targeted to the New York area. Fleet managers attending a focus group session identified two changes of major consequence for the industry: the shift from a commission to a leasing arrangement with drivers and the change in composition of the work force. Both drivers and managers identified the poor image of the industry as a major problem. The NYTDI was established to help new applicants, the majority of whom were not native born Americans, deal effectively with the demands of taxi driving in New York City and to provide passengers with a better level of service. KW - Driver training KW - Impacts KW - New York (New York) KW - Taxicab drivers KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461993 AU - Grimes, G AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICHIGAN SMALL TRANSIT SYSTEM MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 292 p. AB - This handbook is designed to provide a basis for instituting, organizing, and maintaining small transit systems. It is a practical guide to management, with detailed information about the many responsibilities and tasks facing actual or prospective managers of transit systems in small cities or rural counties. Management issues which are addressed include operations, personnel, maintenance, equipment, marketing, and evaluation. Although the handbook is directed specifically to Michigan's statewide public transit program, much of it can be applied in other states. KW - Handbooks KW - Management KW - Michigan KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273882 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458597 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Stokes, R W AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAND USE AND INNOVATIVE FUNDING IMPACTS IN A PERMANENT BUSWAY/PARK-AND-RIDE TRANSIT SYSTEM: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - 162 p. AB - This document summarizes and cross-references over 200 publications dealing with land use and transportation impacts of highway and/or transit improvements. It provides an alphabetical listing of citations along with an annotated bibliography. Cross-referencing the citations allows the reader to identify the publications with one or more of the following subject areas: BART Rail System; Economic Impact Studies; Highway Impact Studies; Land Use and Development; MARTA Rail Transit System; Methodologies and Models; Mode Change Facilities; Other Rail Systems; Ridesharing Programs; Transitways, HOV Lanes and Priority Treatments; Transportation/Travel Impact Studies; Turnkey Development; Value Capture; and Washington METRO. Overall, this bibliography of impact studies is the first project report and will serve as the framework for designing the detailed work program that will guide research activities over a 5-year study period. The study objectives are: 1) to measure, analyze, and evaluate the transportation and land use impacts resulting from the construction of permanent busways/transitways and Park-and-Ride facilities in the Houston area; and 2) to evaluate the innovative turnkey concept and to determine its nationwide potential for Park-and-Ride facility development. All turnkey Park-and-Ride research will be performed and documented during the first year of this study. The research findings will be of particular interest to State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, UMTA, Federal Highway Administration, other State Department of Transportation, local transit agencies, and various professional societies and organizations. KW - Bibliographies KW - Busways KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - High occupancy vehicle lanes KW - Impact studies KW - Innovation KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Land use effects KW - Park and ride KW - Private enterprise KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Turnkey systems KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472705 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN MASS TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/12 SP - 10 p. AB - An overview is given of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's tenth program area, privitization of mass transportation services which includes demonstrations of public/private transit undertakings. KW - Brokerage KW - Governments KW - Joint development KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281372 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471642 AU - Urban Mobility Corporation AU - Mundle and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UNSUBSIDIZED TRANSIT SERVICES: POTENTIAL TO MEET PUBLIC NEEDS AND REDUCE SUBSIDY REQUIREMENTS PY - 1985/12 SP - 61 p. AB - The private transportation industry, sensing a more favorable climate for competition, has become more aggressive in pursuing opportunities in the urban transportation market. Private sector involvement in transportation service assumes three forms: service contracting, unsubsidized services and privately sponsored services. The aim of this study is to focus on private involvement that requires little or no public subsidies. Part I considers independent bus services operated by private carriers. Part II examines privately sponsored services which do not require public subsidies (although they may involve private subsidies). Each type of private involvement is evaluated in terms of its potential to meet public transit needs and its implications for public financing. KW - Case studies KW - Commuter buses KW - Commuting KW - Financing KW - Market share KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Transit buses KW - Transit services KW - Turnkey systems UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56635/unsubsidizedtran00urba_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280833 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456259 AU - Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REEVALUATION OF THE STATEWIDE TRAVEL DEMAND MODEL. TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 121 PY - 1985/12 SP - 98 p. AB - The Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program was established by Chapter 42-11 of the General Laws as the central planning agency for the state government. The work of the Program is guided by the State Planning Council--comprised of state, local, and public representatives and federal and other advisors. The Program objectives are to plan for the physical, economic, and social development of the state; to coordinate the activities of governmental agencies and private individuals and groups within this framework; and to provide planning assistance to the Governor, the General Assembly, the agencies of state government and smaller communities. The Program prepares and maintains strategic plans and the State Guide Plan as the principle means of accomplishing these objectives. This report documents the methodology and results of a comprehensive reevaluation of the state's travel demand model. The model estimates present and future travel on the highway and transit networks. The purpose of this project was to restructure the model to make it less cumbersome and more versatile for carrying out policy analysis. Changes were made in every phase of the modeling process--network building, trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and trip assignment. One of the most important tasks of the model reevaluation study was to develop a new modal share procedure that would be policy-responsive (i.e., capable of analyzing transit service options. A logit model was finally developed that estimated transit trips in the urban area to within 8 percent accuracy. (The model was less accurate for longer-distance bus routes). The final product of this study was the creation of a new 1980 base year model. KW - Highways KW - Logits KW - Mathematical models KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Rhode Island KW - State planning KW - States KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268318 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455075 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN MASS TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/12 SP - 10 p. AB - A new program of UMTA's Service and Management Demonstrations group is privatization of mass transportation services. Previous demonstrations have involved joint public and private sector partnerships in transit. Now more resources will be directed at demonstration of increased public/private cooperation. Since World War II the private orientation of public transit was altered as these functions were taken over almost completely by public or quasi-public agencies. With cuts in Federal support, transit has increasingly looked at private-sector involvement again. Paratransit services are increasingly provided by private taxicabs, van operators or non-profit operators. Business and employers are now often involved in joint development, pass sales, shopper shuttles and various parking arrangements. Some transit operations are now provided by private operators for specific routes or for night and weekend services. Joint development is widespread along rapid transit routes. It is proposed that research studies, demonstrations and information dissemination can further the privatization effort and specific examples are given. Participation is solicited in these activities. KW - Case studies KW - Competition KW - Contracting KW - Deregulation KW - Development KW - Private enterprise KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462848 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - A GUIDE TO INNOVATIVE FINANCING MECHANISMS FOR MASS TRANSPORTATION. AN UPDATE PY - 1985/12 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents a host of financial mechanisms which have been utilized successfully to finance transit needs. It is designed to introduce both public and private providers to a range of funding sources available and to facilitate their efforts in examining the applicability of financing mechanisms potentially useful to their transit needs. The guide is divided into two sections. The first section gives a short summary of each of the following mechanisms: Assessments, taxes and user charges, use of property and property rights, issuance of debt, contracted services, voluntary participation programs, and initiatives and ideas along with the definition of the mechanism, its financial impact and the major issues affecting its applicability. The second section, the Appendix, documents examples of local application of these mechanisms, including names, addresses and telephone numbers of officials who have helped put each mechanism to work. KW - Assessments KW - Commuter service KW - Contracting KW - Employers KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Leasing KW - Lottery KW - Private enterprise KW - Taxation KW - Turnkey systems KW - User charges KW - Vanpools UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56424/guidetoinnovati8624join_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467985 AU - Battelle Memorial Institute AU - National Cooperative Transit Res & Devel Program AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONVERSION TO ONE-PERSON OPERATION OF HEAVY-RAIL RAPID-TRANSIT TRAINS. DRAFT FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/12 SP - v.p. AB - This study was concerned with identifying and evaluating the issues or problems (and possible solutions) that must be addressed in contemplating conversion of the older U.S. heavy-rail rapid-transit systems with two-person operation of multiple-unit trains to one-person operation. Development of a framework for making an economic assessment of the investment worth of converting a specific system, line, or service from two- to one-person operation was also included. Based on the findings of this study, it is believed that while there are many problems to be resolved, conversion of many of the six older U.S. heavy-rail rapid-transit systems with two-person operation of multiple-unit trains to one-person operation is feasible. It is believed that such conversion will generally follow an evolutionary process. That is, rather than system wide conversion of all services and lines at one time, systems will most likely convert those services and/or lines that are most compatible to one-person operation first, followed by conversion of less compatible services and/or lines over time. The most compatible services include new lines, lines or services with new or rehabilitated cars and/or facilities, and off-peak service. KW - Conversion KW - One man operation KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462902 AU - Johnson, N B AU - National Urban League, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BASIC SKILLS DEVELOPMENT TRAINING PROGRAM. A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR TRANSIT INDUSTRY PERSONNEL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - n.p. AB - This report contains the results of a pilot demonstration for the Transit Basic Skills Development Training Program for which UMTA provided funding. Planning and preparation phases for the program commenced September, 1983. Actual participant training began February, 1984 and ended September, 1984. During that time, which covered approximately seven (7) months, two hundred-fifty (250) Regional Transit Authority participants from four (4) local League affiliate areas enrolled in and met requirements for completion of the program. The primary objective of the program was to address the basic skill needs of trainees and workers seeking employment advancement within the transit industry. Further, it was to offer program participants an opportunity to move into areas of high technology. In this capacity, the program provided remedial training to improve basic skills in the areas of reading and math to those individuals wishing to increase their critical basic skills at least four (4) grade levels. The average learner received between eighty (80) and one hundred-twenty (120) hours of instruction in Reading Comprehension and Math Computation. Of the two hundred-fifty (250) participants, approximately twenty applied for and were accepted at institutions of higher learning; forty (40) prepared for the High School Equivalency examination (GED) and more than seventy-five (75) were scheduled for promotional exams within their respective transit authorities. KW - Competition KW - Demonstration projects KW - Government funding KW - Motor skills KW - Remedial aids KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462899 AU - Reynolds, R J AU - Mitchell, S M AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING STUDY: CROSS STREET BUS MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of the work effort was to test the applicability of Value Engineering Techniques on the design of the Greater Bridgeport Transit District's Bus Maintenance and Storage Facility. Methods as approved by the Society of American Value Engineers (SAVE) were used to determine if less costly methods could be used in the construction of the Facility without affecting the Facility's function. The Value Engineering Review of Bridgeport's Bus Maintenance and Storage Facility identified fifteen cost savings measures of which ten were implemented-saving an estimated $1,472,938 on the construction budget and $714,107 on the life of the Facility. The Transit District's staff evaluation of the Value Engineering review rated the usefulness of Value Engineering in the design process very high and would recommend its use by other Transit Properties. KW - Bridgeport (Connecticut) KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design methods KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value engineering KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458895 AU - Smith, Hinchman & Grylls AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING REVIEW ON THE DESIGN OF WASHINGTON METROBUS GARAGE FACILITY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - n.p. AB - This project employed value engineering techniques to the design of the WMATA Metrobus Garage facility at Springfield, Virginia. The purpose was to review preconstruction contract plans and documents to (a) Assist UMTA in the development of its Value Engineering Program as applied to bus maintenance facilities, and (b) determine potential cost savings in the areas of construction, operation and maintenance for WMATA. The study indicated that a potential initial construction cost savings of over $3,000,000 could be effected with no negative impact on the facility's capabilities. In addition, cost savings of over $400,000 per year could be realized in the operational and maintenance fields if all the recommendations contained in the final report were implemented. WMATA staff were impressed with the scope of the results obtained and it is intended that similar studies be applied to other WMATA facilities. KW - Bus garages KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Value engineering KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275622 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462843 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - NEW DIRECTIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: PRIVATE/PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - 74 p. AB - Topics covered: Chapter I: The Changing Environment of Urban Transportation; Chapter II: Developer and Property Owner Involvement in Local Transportation; Chapter III: Business Involvement in Downtown Transportation; Chapter IV: Community-Based and Cooperative Transportation; Chapter V: Private Participation in Transportation Financing; and Chapter VI: Private Operation of Transportation Services. A bibliography is also included. KW - Central business districts KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Demographics KW - Developers KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6400/6459/848.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462055 AU - Ernst and Whinney AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPLEMENTATION OF TRANSIT MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MISSISSIPPI. PHASE 2. FINAL REPORT. PLANNING STUDIES PY - 1985/11 SP - 110 p. AB - Microcomputer tools offer transportation agencies a low-cost opportunity to expand managerial and technical capabilities as well as to increase productivity of their operations. This project is the implementation phase (2) of a comprehensive statewide effort to assess and further the potential use of microcomputers at small and medium-sized transit systems in Mississippi. It represents a well-planned approach to implement microcomputer applications to meet the specific needs of each transit agency and to identify appropriate software and hardware elements. The objective of this project is to provide the Mississippi State Highway Department with centralized technical assistance to successfully implement microcomputer applications at 5 participating Section 18 transit agencies--MACE Eagle Transportation Service (METS); JATRAN; Meridian Transit System; Mississippi Valley State University; and Simpson County Human Resource Agency. Phase 1 of this project focused on the assessment of transit management needs, a microcomputer technology assessment, and the development of a system design and implementation plan for each potential transit agency. This report is organized into 2 sections. Section 1 provides a summary of work performed in Phase 1--Assessment of Applications and System Design. Section 2 describes the experiences and the steps involved in the microcomputer implementation process in terms of system acquisition, software development, training, onsite activities, follow-up support, and recommendations and conclusions for these participating Section 18 transit agencies. The management needs assessment, microcomputer systems design, and implementation plan used in this project can be used at other agencies to install this new technology. KW - Implementation KW - Management KW - Microcomputers KW - Mississippi KW - Public transit KW - System design KW - Technology assessment KW - Transit management KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 18 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462021 AU - Bartholomew (Harland) and Associates, Incorporated TI - VICTORIA, TEXAS TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - 83 p. AB - Victoria County is Texas' newest and smallest urbanized area and has experienced a 35.6 percent population increase between 1970-1982. It is the geographic and economic center of a seven county area. Its economy developed and grew in large part because of an inexpensive and reliable transportation system accessible to a variety of markets and products--highways, trucking lines, intercity bus systems, rail, canal and airport. Currently local mass transportation service to the general public is available through one private taxi company--Yellow and Checker Cab Company. The main source of transportation for the transportation disadvantaged in Victoria is provided by various human service agencies. This report documents a feasibility study for the Victoria Metropolitan Planning Organization area that purports to identify the extent of local mass transportation needs and to consider various alternatives for addressing these needs. The report discusses existing conditions in the Victoria area including existing mass transportation services, local needs, and potential transit improvement concepts that could be implemented at the local level. The report concludes with the identification and analysis of several improvement alternatives deemed technically feasible for implementation in Victoria depending on the level of local public financing available. Five local mass transit improvements identified for the area and discussed in detail in this report include fixed-route bus service, demand responsive bus service, coordination of human service agency transportation, user-side subsidy, and deferred-action alternative. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273906 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455081 AU - Smith, H AU - Smith, G AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING REVIEW ON THE DESIGN OF WASHINGTON METROBUS GARAGE FACILITY PY - 1985/11 SP - v.p. AB - This project employed value engineering techniques to the design of the WMATA Metrobus Garage facility at Springfield, Virginia. The purpose was to review preconstruction contract plans and documents to (1) Assist UMTA in the development of its Value Engineering Program as applied to bus maintenance facilities, and (b) determine potential cost savings in the areas of construction, operation and maintenance for WMATA. The study indicated that a potential initial construction cost savings of over $3,000,000 could be effected with no negative impact on the facility's capabilities. In addition, cost savings of over $400,000 per year could be realized in the operational and maintenance fields if all the recommendations contained in the final report were implemented. WMATA staff were impressed with the scope of the results obtained; it is intended that similar studies be applied to other WMATA facilities. KW - Bus garages KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Cost control KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value engineering KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269282 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458840 AU - Holmstrom, F Ross AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN RAPID TRANSIT SIGNALING SYSTEMS. VOLUME I: THEORY AND DATA PY - 1985/11 SP - 112 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to summarize the results of a comprehensive program that has been pursued to delineate all aspects of conductive interference (CI) in rail transit systems and to help avoid its effects in new rail transit systems. The report documents the efforts to achieve an understanding of the nature and characteristics of CI required to remedy specific situations. This program has been undertaken as a cooperative venture of U.S. manufacturers of rail transit propulsion and signaling equipment, rail transit system operators, and members of the research and consulting community. In rail transit applications, CI is defined as electromagnetic interference (EMI) affecting signaling or automatic train control (ATC) systems, caused by spurious currents flowing in the running rails ahead of or behind the train. A prime cause of CI, and the one dealt with in this report, is the induction of unwanted currents in the running rails by AC harmonic currents present in the third rail. These EMI currents can cause interfering voltages in wayside track circuits and car-borne ATC receivers. The AC harmonic currents in the third rail can be produced by rectification substations and solid-state propulsion control systems on board rail transit vehicles. The report provides an overview of rapid transit propulsion systems, including rectification substations. The major part of the CI program has dealt with CI arising from these sources. The authors point out, that as a result of this program, rail transit CI due to car propulsion systems and rectifier substations interfering with track signaling, is well understood, predictable, and measurable. The report indicates that the techniques of data gathering, measurement, and analysis developed in this program and presented in this report should serve as a basis for mitigating the effects of CI in future rail transit systems. KW - Automatic train control KW - Electric substations KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Ground currents KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit KW - Rectifiers KW - Signaling KW - Third rail KW - Track circuits KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462001 AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MOBILITY FOR MAJOR METROPOLITAN GROWTH CENTERS: A NEW CHALLENGE FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COOPERATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - 143 p. AB - This document contains the proceedings of the November 1984 Workshop Conference on Mobility for Major Metropolitan Growth Centers: A New Challenge for Public-Private Cooperation. This conference was sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration in recognition of the emerging problems of mobility in high-growth suburban and exurban megacenters. Issues addressed at the Conference included social, demographic, and locational factors which have contributed to suburban traffic congestion; emerging institutional responses to the problem; the role of parking management and other strategies in the management of transportation demand and mitigation of traffic congestion; coordination of transportation and land use development; and ways in which public-private cooperation can ensure current and future mobility in high-growth sites. The document contains formal papers, reports of workshop sessions, analysis of the conference from the perspective of five constituent groups, selected references, and a list of participants. KW - Activity centers KW - Central business districts KW - Demographics KW - Governments KW - Land use KW - Location KW - Management KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Mobility KW - Parking KW - Private enterprise KW - Suburbs KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban growth KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458686 AU - Ruiter, E R AU - Lung, R E AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF THE SALT LAKE CITY COMPUTERIZED RIDER INFORMATION SYSTEM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/11 SP - 184 p. AB - The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) Computerized Rider Information System (CRIS) project involved the installation of an automated telephone service to quickly provide bus stop-specific schedule and service information to residents throughout the Authority's service region, which includes Salt Lake City and its surrounding suburbs, as well as the city of Ogden, Utah. Potential bus users obtain this information by calling telephone numbers assigned to specific bus stops or groups of stops. UTA's bus dispatchers have access both to the CRIS system and to the existing dispatch/communications system which includes radios on each bus. The dispatchers monitor bus drivers' reports or schedule deviations and in turn enter this information into the CRIS system. In this way the information supplied to potential passengers who call the CRIS numbers reflects actual operating conditions. The primary goal of the system was to increase ridership and passenger revenues by making up-to-date service information available to all potential users of the transit system. UTA implemented this system, initially on six test routes, on February 4, 1983 under the same "Buzz-A-Bus." This final evaluation report is based on information gathered on CRIS system impacts throughout the sixteen-month Phase I period, which included two system effectiveness tests of six months each separated by four additional months of system operations. The final report includes a history of the system and an analysis of CRIS system usage and awareness, as well as the impacts on bus ridership and the usage of UTA's other information services. The system's cost and benefits are studied, and its lessons for other transit agencies are described. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Effectiveness KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passenger information systems KW - Real time control KW - Real-time systems KW - Ridership KW - Telephone KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Utah Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469274 AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUMMARY OF TRAVEL TRENDS. 1983-84 NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION STUDY PY - 1985/11 SP - 21 p. AB - The Nationwide Personal Transportation Study (NPTS) contains national data on the nature and characteristics of travel. It addresses a broad range of travel in the United States, providing data on household trips and travel for all purposes and modes of transportation. Only household travel characteristics are depicted by the NPTS; data on freight movement is not collected. This volume of the 1983/84 NPTS, Summary of NPTS Trends, presents trends which can be traced through the 1969, 1977 and 1983/84 series of the NPTS. Included is information on national demographics, household composition, vehicle ownership, household travel, journey to work, vehicle utilization, auto occupancy, mode split, and drivers. Please note that there are different time spans between the 1969, 1977 and 1983/84 surveys (eight and six years respectively). This report does not attempt to depict these differences in its graphic presentations. In addition, to this document, a full report on the 1983/84 NPTS will be published which will provide more detail on transportation trends over time. In the full report special emphasis will be placed on the 1983 data, since it has not previously been published. The survey provides the information necessary to assist transportation planners and others who need comprehensive data on travel and transportation patterns in the United States. The 1983/84 NPTS is sponsored by several agencies of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). These include the Federal Highway Administration, the Office of the Secretary, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The survey was conducted by the Bureau of Census. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Data collection KW - Drivers KW - Households KW - Modal split KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455079 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - NEW DIRECTIONS IN URBAN TRANSPORTATION: PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PY - 1985/11 SP - 74 p. AB - Changing economic, demographic and fiscal conditions have resulted in a reappraisal of urban transportation. Along with reduced federal funding has been the steady change in residential and work sites which tend to produce diversified travel patterns that are not well served by traditional transit routes. Conventional transit was never designed to cope with the dispersed living and travel patterns which have evolved since the end of World War II. Most cities have made little attempt to adapt transit systems to the new markets. The urban transportation market is not monolithic. Centralized public transit, operating in an environment insulated from local control and competition, is increasingly being challenged as unresponsive, inefficient and inflexible. Following an introduction there are five chapters describing roles for the private sector in this new era: Developer and property owner involvement in local transportation; Business involvement in downtown transportation; Community-based and cooperative transportation: Private participation in transportation financing; Private operation of transportation services. KW - Assessments KW - Benefits KW - Buses KW - Central business districts KW - Contracting KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Paratransit services KW - Parking regulations KW - Parking restrictions KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Special assessments KW - Subscription buses KW - Taxation KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Urban development KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455149 AU - Johnson, N B AU - National Urban League, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BASIC SKILLS DEVELOPMENT TRAINING PROGRAM. A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR TRANSIT INDUSTRY PERSONNEL PY - 1985/11 SP - v.p. AB - This report contains the results of a pilot demonstration for the Transit Basic Skills Development Training Program for which UMTA provided funding. Planning and preparation phases for the program commenced September, 1983. Actual participant training began February, 1984 and ended September, 1984. During that time, which covered approximately seven (7) months, two hundred-fifty (250) Regional Transit Authority participants from four (4) local League affiliate areas enrolled in and met requirements for completion of the program. The primary objective of the program was to address the basic skill needs of trainees and workers seeking employment advancement within the transit industry. Further, it was to offer program participants an opportunity to achieve competitive capability for mass transportation jobs that are rapidly moving into areas of high technology. In this capacity, the program provided remedial training to improve basic skills in the areas of reading and math to those individuals wishing to increase their critical basic skills at least four (4) grade levels. The average learner received between eighty (80) and one hundred-twenty (120) hours of instruction in Reading Comprehension and Math Computation. Of the two hundred-fifty (250) participants, approximately twenty applied for and were accepted at the High School Equivalency examination (GED) and more than seventy-five (75) were scheduled for promotional exams within their respective transit authorities. KW - Curricula KW - Labor unions KW - Minorities KW - Motivation KW - Personnel development KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468812 AU - Atlanta University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT AND MINORITIES: A NEW AWARENESS. 3RD NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, NOVEMBER 13-15, 1985, ATLANTA, GEORGIA PY - 1985/11 SP - n.p. AB - The Center for Career Development of the Graduate School of Business Administration of Atlanta University, in a cooperative agreement with the Minority Affairs Committee of the American Public Transit Association, hosted the Third National Minority Transportation Symposium, entitled "Public Transit and Minorities: A New Awareness," at the Atlanta University campus on November 13-15, 1985. Joining as hosts were the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, the Atlanta Chapter of the Conference of Minority Transportation Officials and the Atlanta Chapter of the Women's Transportation Seminar. The objective of this Third National Transportation Symposium was to provide a forum for dialogue about issues in transportation and their impact on minorities as were the objectives of the first two Symposia. Promoting the concept of "a new awareness," the Symposium hosts issued a call for papers designed to illicit response and participation from a broader audience of interested parties. This call was distributed to a wide range of transportation professionals, educators, consultants and elected officials. One of the key issues addressed by the Symposium concerns the lack of minority decision-makers in the transportation community. The participants discussed strategies for attracting a new talent pool, especially minority, to fill top positions in the transportation industry in the coming decade. It is pointed out that the intent of this report is not to provide an exact account of the Symposium proceedings, but to summarize the important issues, discussions, conclusions and recommendations presented by the panelists and participants. Copies of the formal papers and videotapes may be obtained from the Graduate School of Business Administration of Atlanta University. KW - Conferences KW - Decision making KW - Minorities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 20 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468403 AU - Ridley, T M AU - LTI Consultants, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GREAT BRITAIN'S SUCCESS STORY LONDON REGIONAL TRANSPORT. LEGISLATION AND REACTION. L.R.T.'S DEVELOPMENT OF A POLICY TO INVOLVE THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT PROVISION. PRIVATE TRANSIT AND THE PUBLIC SECTOR, 2ND ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY UMTA HELD AT THE CONTEMPORARY HOTEL, LAKE BUENA VISTA FLORIDA, NOVEMBER 19, 1985 PY - 1985/11 SP - v.p. AB - An examination of London Regional Transport is given along with its experience with privatization. KW - Governments KW - Legislation KW - London Regional Transport KW - Private enterprise KW - Privatization KW - Public transit KW - Transit services KW - United Kingdom UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467987 AU - GPI/Architects/Landscape Architects/Engineers AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION CENTER STUDY: SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT FOR THE VILLAGE OF HEMPSTEAD, NEW YORK. PHASE 2 PY - 1985/11 SP - 36 p. AB - The HUB--Village of Hempstead--is centrally located in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, and hubs different modes of transportation within its Central Business District (CBD), namely: the Long Island Railroad, Hempstead train station, and the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA) facility located at the Hempstead bus terminal. Other transportation elements include the intercity bus lines, paratransit services including both taxis and limousines, and other vehicular traffic interacting with these facilities. In 1984, Storch Associates and Co. published a Phase 1 Multi-Modal Report which was the first step toward combining the existing railroad, bus and vehicular transportation services and establishing a basis for development of a Multi-Modal Transportation Center. That study documented and inventoried data for the various elements integral to a multi-modal facility. Consultants were hired to focus on schematic architectural and site drawings for a new bus terminal building using Phase 1 investigative report as the basis for the next stage of development. This Phase 2 report presents a set of design components established for the consultant to address in its study and architectural and site schematic drawings. The development components of the multi-modal facility discussed in this report consist of a new MSBA bus terminal, the Long Island Railroad, Intercity bus service, taxi service, limousine service, public parking, vehicular circulations, and pedestrian links. Environmental considerations are also discussed in terms of the planning and design of the Multi-Modal Transportation Center as well as cost estimates ($5,300,000) and graphics. KW - Architecture KW - Bus terminals KW - Central business districts KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279216 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474162 AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TEXAS PUBLIC TRANSIT REFERENCE MANUAL. TECHNICAL REPORT 1082-1F PY - 1985/11 SP - 296 p. AB - The main objective of this reference manual is to present state-of-the-art information on transit technology. At a time when several Texas cities are pursuing major mass transportation plans, this manual is designed to provide technical information that will assist decision-makers involved in the planning, designing, and implementation of public transit service. It provides an overall view of transit technology, its relative costs, and examples of how it has been implemented. The three principal roles of transit are defined as public transportation, mass transportation, and internal circulation. The following subject areas are addressed in this report: roles of urban transit; historical development of transit; trends in transit utilization; rail transit (light rail, rail rapid, regional rail, and automated guideway transit); electric trolley bus transit; motor bus transit; paratransit (demand-responsive transportation, taxi, and jitney); public transit planning; managing and operating transit systems; and marketing transit services. KW - Electric buses KW - Marketing KW - Paratransit services KW - Rapid transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Technology KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation technology KW - Trolleybuses KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285368 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455131 AU - Reynolds, R AU - Mitchell, S M AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING STUDY: CROSS STREET BUS MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE FACILITY PY - 1985/11 SP - v.p. AB - The purpose of the work effort was to test the applicability of Value Engineering techniques on the design of the Greater Bridgeport Transit District's Bus Maintenance and Storage Facility. Methods as approved by the Society of American Value Engineers (SAVE) were used to determine if less costly methods could be used in the construction of the Facility without affecting the Facility's function. The Value Engineering Review of Bridgeport's Bus Maintenance and Storage Facility identified fifteen cost savings measures of which ten were implemented saving an estimated $1,472,938 on the construction budget and $714,107 on the life of the Facility. The Transit District's staff evaluation of the Value Engineering review rated the usefulness of Value Engineering in the design process very high and would recommend its use by other Transit Properties. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus garages KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Connecticut KW - Construction projects KW - Cost control KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Value engineering KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269283 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462785 AU - Atherton, T J AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTER'S CHOICE: RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION IN BREVARD COUNTY, FL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/10 SP - 88 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of a ridesharing program implemented by the Brevard Transportation Authority (BTA) in Brevard County, Florida, under UMTA's Service and Methods Demonstration Program. The program offered a broad range of ridesharing services, including carpool matching assistance, a vanpool leasing program, subscription bus service, and technical assistance for employees desiring to establish employee transportation programs. Marketing played a significant role in both the implementation of the ridesharing program and its continued operation. The BTA's marketing effort was composed of two elements. One was a broadly based advertising campaign using radio, television, etc. The other was a more targetted marketing effort involving direct contact with major area employers. The evaluation focuses on the financial viability of the ridesharing program. Initially, demonstration funds were used to cover front-end costs associated with the program's implementation and to establish services that would ultimately generate revenues, with the objective that the program would be financially self-sufficient once the demonstration had ended. In Brevard, the program was covering over 80 percent of its costs at the conclusion of the demonstration. KW - Carpools KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employee participation KW - Employers KW - Financial analysis KW - Florida KW - Marketing KW - Radio KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Technical assistance KW - Television KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462101 AU - New York City Department of City Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOCALIZED TRANSIT TRIP GENERATION AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF 53RD STREET CORRIDOR PY - 1985/10 SP - 209 p. AB - This study resulted from the recent surge of office building construction and concerns about continued growth, congestion and overcrowding in the transit stations and on the streets and roads that serve the 53rd Street corridor, from Broadway to Second Avenue. The 53rd Street study area consists of several recently completed office buildings and three heavily used subway stations on Queens Boulevard IND Line. The purpose of this study is to develop, refine, and validate a travel forecasting methodology that could assess the impact of trips generated by new developments in a high-density area such as Midtown Manhattan and that would enable planners to predict travel demand. A major study task was to establish a database that related office development and use to travel forecasting. This involved surveys and analyses of existing conditions, projections of future development and travel demand, evaluation of existing and anticipated problems and the development of alternative approaches to address them. The effect of new construction on transit facilities was predicted by assessing development trends in the area, quantifying the anticipated increase in supply and deriving an estimate of future demand by applying trip generation rates obtained from City Planning surveys. Short-term, low-cost transportation system management actions and long-range major capital investments were identified to address existing and anticipated problems. In addition, private sector support of subway station improvements were addressed. This study also reviewed the data and methodologies available for forecasting future travel demand in various reports and environmental impact statements. KW - Databases KW - Forecasting KW - High density KW - New York (New York) KW - Office buildings KW - Passenger volume KW - Public transit KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Trip generation KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273954 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458898 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROUTE-SPECIFIC TRANSIT MARKETING IN MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, MN. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/10 SP - 144 p. AB - The Minneapolis/St. Paul Transit Marketing Demonstration involved the administration of a combination of marketing techniques on five selected transit routes. The approach employed differed from most previous marketing demonstrations in that 1) pricing mechanisms were used in conjunction with direct mail information dissemination, and 2) the overall approach was route-specific, rather than system-wide, in focus. The marketing "treatment" period lasted from February to May 1984, although free and reduced fare coupons distributed/sold during this period were valid through the end of that year. The actual marketing strategies tested in the demonstration were as follows: 1) two direct mailings of a newsletter (called Rider's Digest) containing route-specific service information and a single-use free fare coupon (the When-You-Need-It Card) to households along each of the five treatment routes; 2) availability of prepaid fare discount cards (six rides for $3.75--the price of five peak-hour rides), called Passports, for purchase at designated retail outlets along four of the routes; and 3) availability of the Passport for purchase through the mail by households along the fifth route. Roughly 110,000 Rider's digests were mailed out (55,000 in each mailing). Based on a comparison of the results of a post-treatment survey to those of a pre-treatment survey, the demonstration marketing strategies had no apparent effect on target corridor residents' knowledge--and usage--of transit. However, the level of corridor residents' familiarity with the local transit service was generally very high before the demonstration began. The demonstration also had no significant impact on weekday and Saturday treatment route ridership, although it may have had a positive effect on Sunday/holiday ridership. The general absence of an impact on ridership is corroborated by the survey results, which revealed that, overall, respondents used transit no more often following the demonstration than before it. KW - Before and after studies KW - Discount KW - Fare prepayment KW - Fares KW - Fixed routes KW - Free fares KW - Information dissemination KW - Marketing KW - Minneapolis (Minnesota) KW - Publicity KW - Umta section 52 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458896 AU - Crown, W H AU - Brandeis University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPLICATIONS OF USER-SIDE SUBSIDIES FOR TRANSIT FINANCING. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/10 SP - 90 p. AB - Using survey data from Lawrence, Massachusetts and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the impact of user-side subsidy programs on the mobility of program participants was examined. Significant mobility impacts were found in both systems. However, the impacts were found to be larger in Lawrence than in Pittsburgh due to the more restrictive eligibility criteria in the Pittsburgh program. A theoretical economic analysis of the impacts of user-side subsidies and fare policies on the transit industry is presented. This forms the basis for an empirical analysis of the factors behind growing transit deficits. The growth in transit deficits was found to be a function of demographic changes, rising fuel costs, increasing service levels, declining transit labor productivity, insufficient growth in fare levels, and the availability of federal operating assistance. The report concludes that user-side subsidy programs may offer a mechanism for reducing certain types of discount fares and costly transit routes, as well as a mechanism for meeting growing mobility demands in many rural and suburban areas. KW - Costs KW - Data collection KW - Deficits KW - Demographics KW - Economic analysis KW - Fares KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Impact studies KW - Massachusetts KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Surveys KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458624 AU - CHINLUND, N AU - FITZGERALD, P AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATELY-CONTRACTED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN SAN DIEGO, CA. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1985/10 SP - 214 p. AB - The City of San Diego, which operated its own dial-a-ride service from 1975 to 1982, transferred all operations to the private sector in the fall of 1982, and introduced a user-side subsidy mechanism for most of its users. Since October 1984, all service has been provided on a user-side subsidy basis. Specified allotments of scrip are sold to eligible individuals at a substantial discount. At the end of 1984, ambulatory users were able to choose from 14 taxi companies; lift-equipped service was provided by one private, non-profit provider. During 1985, the city hopes to expand the system by involving additional lift-equipped providers, and by involving a substantial number of social service agencies, both as purchasers and as providers of service. This report describes and evaluates the process that accompanied conversion of the city-operated dial-a-ride to a multiple-provider, user-side subsidy system. In addition, it describes and evaluates the current system, based on stated policy objectives and on issues raised prior to the conversion. The interim report focuses on conversion of current efforts to use the system to facilitate coordination of social service agency transportation resources, and will include more complete evaluation of recent changes to non-ambulatory service. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Social service agencies KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272630 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452517 AU - Sindzinski, J AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GOLDEN GATE BROKERED CARPOOL: REPORT ON THREE PROJECTS PY - 1985/10 SP - 188 p. AB - In 1981, the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District (GGBHTD) received a National Ridesharing Demonstration Project grant from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to support the District's brokered carpool project. The three activities were a leased car project, which included group leases and direct leases for carpools; a back-up transportation service, which was designed to provide ridesharers and transit users with late evening transportation service home for those situations where the person could not use his regular commute mode; and an information dissemination element, which was designed to facilitate the collection and distribution of information about the other project activities as well as other District ridesharing options. This final report covers the evaluation of the three demonstration elements. Evaluation issues for the back-up transportation element included project development and administration, patronage and user satisfaction, and costs and revenues. The evaluations of the group and direct lease projects are restricted to legal and technical issues and project feasibility, since the projects were never fully implemented. The information requests received and the level of satisfaction expressed by those who had requested the information. KW - Carpools KW - Evening KW - Leasing KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger information systems KW - Ridesharing KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic interaction KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456263 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROUTE-SPECIFIC TRANSIT MARKETING IN MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL, MN PY - 1985/10 SP - 144 p. AB - The Minneapolis/St. Paul Transit Marketing Demonstration involved the administration of a combination of marketing techniques on five selected transit routes. The approach employed differed from most previous marketing demonstrations in that 1) pricing mechanisms were used in conjuction with direct mail information dissemination, and 2) the overall approach was route-specific, rather than system-wide, in focus. The marketing "treatment" period lasted from February to May 1984, although free and reduced fare coupons distributed/sold during this period were valid through the end of that year. The actual marketing strategies tested in the demonstration were as follows: 1) two direct mailings of a newsletter (called Rider's Digest) containing route-specific service information and a single-use free fare coupon (the When-You-Need-It-Card) to households along each of the five treatment routes; 2) availability of prepaid fare discount cards (six rides for $3.75 -- the price of five peak-hour rides, called Passports, for purchase at designated retail outlets along four of the routes; and 3) availability of the Passport for purchase through the mail by households along the fifth route. Roughly 110,000 Rider's Digests were mailed out (55,000 in each mailing). Based on a comparison of the results of a post-treatment survey to those of a pre-treatment survey, the demonstration marketing strategies had no apparent effect on target corridor residents' knowledge -- and usage -- of transit. However, the level of corridor residents' familiarity with the local transit service was generally very high before the demonstration began. The demonstration also had no significant impact on weekday and Saturday treatment route ridership, although it may have had a positive effect on Sunday/holiday ridership. The general absence of an impact on ridership is corroborated by the survey results, which revealed that, overall, respondents used transit no more often following the demonstration than before it. KW - Advertising KW - Bus routes KW - Free fares KW - Households KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268322 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455194 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION STUDY. LONGVIEW, TEXAS PY - 1985/10 SP - 72 p. AB - No fixed route or demand responsive transportation system is operated in the City of Longview, Texas, at the present time. Concern for the mobility needs of transportation disadvantaged persons and a desire to understand the extent to which the problem effects the City generated this technical study. This report identifies the mobility needs of the elderly and handicapped (E&H) persons in Longview and describes alternative service concepts for meeting these needs. Recommendations are based on evaluation of these concepts in terms of ease in implementation, cost, operation efficiency, and level of service. The findings and recommendations outlined in this report will provide City officials with useful information for making decisions regarding transportation services for the E&H population. The study involved the following tasks: data collection and analysis; development and evaluation of alternatives; and recommendations. Recommendations included the identification of a preferred alternative--purchasing of two wheelchair lift-equipped vans coupled with subsidized taxi trips--and the development of a five-year implementation program that included cost estimates, equipment requirements, timing of improvements, marketing strategy, ridership and revenue forecast, and identification of necessary actions by agencies, organizations, and governments. KW - Aged KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268154 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455171 AU - Reno, A T AU - Bixby, R H AU - System Design Concepts, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PY - 1985/10 SP - 204 p. AB - This document is a handbook to be used by transportation planners for estimating the performance characteristics of urban transportation modes. The objective of this work is to provide a single source of sketch planning data on the most important performance characteristics of five contemporary urban transportation systems: rail (rapid rail and light rail); bus; highway-automobile; automated guideway; and pedestrian assistance systems, in a format that lends itself to easy reference. This handbook does not deal explicitly with passenger demand, but assesses only the supply or performance characteristics of urban transportation systems. All characteristics of systems related to demand are covered in separate reports: Characteristics of Urban Transportation Demand (Appendix - NTIS No. PB 294-989, A10 and the Main Volume - NTIS No. PB 293-220, A07). The eight supply parameters chosen for this report are: speed; capacity (service volume); labor inputs; operating costs; energy consumption; pollution (including emissions and noise); capital cost (including land, construction, structures and vehicles); and accident frequency. The level of detail at which these data are treated is suitable for use in sketch planning, or, the preliminary screening of possible transportation configurations or concepts in outline and with detail sufficient only to support broad policy decisions. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Capacity KW - Capital KW - Energy consumption KW - Handbooks KW - Light rail transit KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Operating costs KW - Pollution KW - Productivity KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Speed KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268139 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472824 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Harris County, Texas AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTHWEST FREEWAY/TRANSITWAY PROJECT. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. VOLUME 1 AND VOLUME 2--PLANS AND PROFILES PY - 1985/10 SP - v.p. AB - The Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation proposes to widen and improve US 59 (Southwest Freeway) from Beltway 8 to State Highway 288, a distance of 13.4 miles, in southwest Harris County, Texas. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) has evaluated transit options in the corridor that would be consistent with, and complementary to, the proposed highway improvements. The alternatives considered in the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) include the No Build Alternative, the Transportation Systems Management (TSM) Alternative, which has been selected as the Locally Preferred Alternative, would add an 8.5 mile transitway in the median of the freeway and supporting transitway facilities to the freeway and transit service improvement of the TSM Alternative. The primary impact areas in this Final EIS are traffic, noise, displacements and construction. This final EIS includes changes to the Draft EIS; a summary of the comments and recommendations on the Draft EIS; a list of persons, businesses, organizations, and public agencies commenting on the Draft EIS; and responses to all substantive comments raised during the review process. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Freeways KW - Guideways KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - No build KW - Texas KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281810 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457376 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DULLES CORRIDOR RAPID TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT FEASIBILITY REPORT PY - 1985/10 SP - v.p. AB - In response to a congressional mandate to examine the feasibility of a rail line in the Dulles Corridor, this study developed an innovative public/private partnership approach minimizing the risks and costs to the local governments and resulting in a project that would be feasible for users and others benefitting from the system to finance it. A private firm, operating under an agreement with local governments, could construct and operate the system for a net present value of $119 million, while a local public project would require $181 million. While no recommendations are made regarding the source of funding required, the non-user beneficiaries are identified and possible mechanisms for assessing them for the service are discussed. New user fees or taxes would require a variety of legislative actions. A procurement approach was also developed for the private sector. This approach would reduce costs through competition while contractually transferring the risks of cost overruns and performance to the private sector. While it was determined a rail line is feasible using the approach developed, this does not constitute a Federal endorsement of the line. The decision to pursue the rail alternative is a local decision based on local priorities and interests. KW - Airport access KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Fees KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - Taxation KW - User charges KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269316 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462029 AU - VIA Metropolitan Transit AU - San Antonio Metropolitan Planning Organization AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS SERVICE IN THE GREATER NORTHWEST. BEXAR COUNTY PY - 1985/10 SP - 106 p. AB - Sixty-six percent of Bexar County's growth has occurred in the Northwest; residential communities followed development of shopping and financial facilities away from downtown. Six percent of the county's population now resides in the Northwest. The purpose of this study is to assess the advantages and limitations of providing fixed route, fixed schedule bus service to the Northwest service area. This report recommends a Northwest bus service plan based upon market research, alternative analysis, and citizen participation. Recommended routes were based upon market research that included surveys of residents, employers, and onboard riders. Routes were designed to provide optimal opportunities for transit patrons. Implementation of the Northwest bus service as developed in this report, offers a comprehensive transit network structure that maximizes service, convenience, and patron travel time while maintaining system cost-effectiveness. Basically, this report is organized in 2 parts: 1) the market research examines the service area in terms of demographics, land development, existing bus service, prior marketing efforts, and travel behavior patterns; and 2) the bus service options and implementation plans are described in terms of design, costs, benefits, feasibility, and implementation phasing. This report provides conclusions and recommendations based on VIA's goals and objectives, existing conditions, and service performance standards. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Employers KW - Fixed routes KW - Market research KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Public participation KW - Residents KW - Surveys KW - Texas KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273913 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455162 AU - Rigamer (Gregory C) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MISSISSIPPI RIVER BRIDGE AUTHORITY FERRY SYSTEM EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT PY - 1985/10 SP - 198 p. AB - The Mississippi River Bridge Authority Ferry System study is an evaluation and assessment of the overall operations of the MRBA ferry system in the New Orleans metropolitan area. This assessment includes three ferry crossings: Gretna/Jackson Avenue, Canal Street/Algiers Point, and Chalmette/Lower Algiers. The report is organized in 7 separate sections. Section 1 is the Executive Summary and Introduction. In Section 2, an inventory of landside and marine facilities was conducted in order to provide a systematic profile of equipment at each crossing. Items in the inventory included: parking facilities, access ramps, bus or taxi storage lanes, signage, traffic circulation, facilities for the elderly and handicapped, maintenance sheds, landing pontoons, mooring dolphins, pedestrian shelters, and vessel capacity. Section 3 addressed the existing travel demand patterns and demonstrated how well the ferry system served passengers, and helped to establish a base for analyzing operating characteristics of landside facilities and vessels as well as to serve as a base for projections of future ridership. These 3 tasks focused on the quality of present service and provided insight into the capability of the MRBA to meet future demand requirements. The study shifts and focuses on a review of operational requirements and maintenance characteristics. This effort included the systemwide cost of service, revenue sources and cost comparisons with other North American and Louisiana systems. KW - Ferries KW - Landside capacity KW - Level of service KW - Louisiana KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Parking facilities KW - Peer groups KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455195 AU - McDonald Transit Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE KILLEEN, FORT HOOD, COOPERAS COVE, HARKER HEIGHTS AREA IN CENTRAL TEXAS PY - 1985/10 SP - 152 p. AB - This transportation development plan assesses the need for and the method by which to implement a public transit service for the cities of Killeen, Harker Heights, Cooperas Cove, and the military installation of Fort Hood in Central Texas. The purpose of the study is to identify the travel needs to be served by a public transit system, and to specify the most efficient and effective way to servce those needs. The issue of the provision of transit service through government authority or private enterprise, or a mix of both, is briefly addressed. This report is basically organized in three sections: 1) projection of ridership, revenue and cost for a public transit system in this urbanized area; 2) provision and management of transit service; and 3) implementation plan for the service. Overall, the study projects that over 500 daily trips would be served by local transit service and under 250 daily trips would be served by express bus service. The projections use the recommended level of service which comprises four local routes and two express routes, five days per week. Annual trips total 132,500 for local service and 63,800 for express bus service. Total annual local government contribution required to support the operating cost of local service is $124,000 and express service is $36,500. KW - Bus routes KW - Express buses KW - Forecasting KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462010 AU - Conly, B AU - Jordan, F AU - Omega Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE OVERSIGHT OF TRANSIT SAFETY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/09/30 SP - 39 p. AB - The report presents a review of the programs conducted by each State Government to oversee the safety of public transit systems within its jurisdiction. A summary for each is presented, which answers the following questions: (1) Does the state have an explicit transit safety policy?; (2) Has it designated a state agency to be responsible for safety oversight; (3) Does it require a safety plan from each transit system?; (4) Does it require that each system obtain a state operating permit which includes safety criteria?; (5) Does it set vehicle and equipment standards?; (6) Does the individual operating a transit vehicle have to obtain a special operators' license?; (7) Does the state set standards concerning the working conditions of vehicle operators?; (8) Does it require that transit vehicles be inspected periodically?; (9) Do state personnel conduct any inspections required?; (10) Does that state require or conduct inspections of rail or other fixed guideway facilities?; (11) Does it inspect operating and working conditions?; (12) Does it investigate transit accidents? In addition, the roles of each of the State Public Utilities Commissions in the oversight of transit safety is assessed. The research methodology combined the review of state documents, the analysis of state statutes and regulations, and phone interviews with state officials. The report covers the fifty states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Part I of the report presents an analysis of the research questions and methodology. Part II summarizes the conclusions and analyses. A second accompanying volume includes the detail for each state. A summary table tabulating data for all states is also included. KW - Government regulations KW - Inspection KW - Licenses KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Regulations KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Safety practices KW - Standards KW - State government KW - Transportation safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicles KW - Work environment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462024 AU - New York Metropolitan Transportation Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UTPP DATA DEVELOPMENT FOR TRANSIT OPERATORS. URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE AND TRANSIT OPERATOR SURVEYS PY - 1985/09 SP - 134 p. AB - Journey to work information from the 1980 Census, called the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP), has proven to be a very useful tool for many transit operators in the New York metropolitan area. Its uniqueness among data sources stems from the following: 1) Information is available for all workers not just those currently using the particular transit system; 2) Large sample size provides reliable origin and destination data for areas as small as census tracts; and 3) Results can be categorized according to the wide variety of data items in the Census report, such as earnings, sex, occupation and auto availability. The purpose of this report is to document how the UTPP has been used and to show how it relates to the various data collected by transit operators. The appendix of this report contains reproductions of selected pages from operator survey reports and tabulations--quality information unknown to many except the operator. Basically, this report is organized into two main sections: Section 1, The UTPP and Its Use by Transit Operators--includes exerpts from tabulations provided to operators and an explanation of the application; and Section 2, Operator Survey Summaries and the UTPP--presents selected pages and tabulations describing major operator surveys, including copies of survey forms and methodological write-ups. Key results are also presented both for informational purposes and for indicating the type of results available. In several of the reports specific mention is made of merging the UTPP data with information collected by the operator. KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - New York (State) KW - Surveys KW - Transit operators KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273908 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458897 AU - Rubin, D L AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: REGIONAL RIDESHARE PROMOTION IN NORTH CAROLINA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/09 SP - 58 p. AB - This case study reports on a multi-jurisdictional ridesharing program centered in the Piedmont Crescent area of North Carolina, funded under the National Ridesharing Demonstration Program. The Crescent encompasses three metropolitan areas: the Triangle area of Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill; the Metrolina area centered in Charlotte; and the Triad, comprised of Greensboro, High Point and Winston-Salem. The demonstration was most useful in its development and exploration of the appropriate institutional or organizational structure to accomplish regional/intercity ridesharing. The report is largely devoted to documenting these various arrangements, and the methods they employed. Arrangements varied in their effectiveness based largely on size of staff and the experience, talent and commitment of the coordinators. Local support of employers and institutions was also important. The North Carolina Department of Transportation was instrumental in fostering cooperation and coordination among the regions. The author points out that the demonstration's impact on actual ridesharing behavior is not well documented. KW - Intercity transportation KW - Metropolitan areas KW - North Carolina KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridesharing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452511 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Chicago Department of Public Works TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT STATEMENT. SOUTHWEST TRANSIT PROJECT, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS PY - 1985/09 SP - v.p. AB - This study covers, as the preferred alternative, establishment of a rapid transit line from Midway Airport to a point where it could join the existing Dan Ryan elevated structure so trains could operate from the airport to the Loop in the central business district of Chicago. The alignment would generally be within existing railroad rights-of-way utilizing at-grade, embankment and elevated structures. The 9.3-mile line would have 9 stations. As compared with other proposals, including the do-nothing alternative, it is expected the proposed transit line would divert over 28,000 auto users to transit, have a daily ridership of almost 120,000 by 2000, reduce liquid fuel consumption by 15 percent, reduce rush-hour buses from the Loop significantly, and be funded through Interstate Transfer. There is considerable potential for station-area development. Estimated capital cost of $496 million. Transportation and environmental impacts would be positive with the preferred alternative. It also showed the greatest reduction in net operating deficit per transit trip. transit trip. KW - Ago (Illinois) KW - Air pollution KW - Airport access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Financing KW - Intersection elements KW - Intersection leg KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462031 AU - VIA Metropolitan Transit AU - San Antonio Metropolitan Planning Organization AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1985/09 SP - 24 p. AB - This report documents the seven tasks accomplished under UWP Work Element 79-12 that established an automated Management Information System (MIS) for VIA Transit. The purpose of the project was to automate the main sources of information such as Runcutting, Rostering, Timeroll, and Minischeduler and all other systems dependent on the information supplied by these major systems. Prior to this project, all systems that dealt with scheduling, rostering, and bus operators work records were manual. In addition, the report discusses the establishment of a Demand Forecasting System; the cost-effectiveness of installing an Automated Timeroll Typesetting System; the design and installation of an integrated Geo-Coding database system that incorporates many different databases into a single unified database and is readily accessed by all VIA departments; defines user requirements for the Financial System and evaluates the General Financial Accounting Software Packages and the installation of SAGE Rostering System which takes the weekday, Saturday and Sunday runcuts and produces weekly runs or five days of work for each operator. KW - Automation KW - Bus drivers KW - Coding systems KW - Geographic information systems KW - Management information systems KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Timeroll KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273915 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456260 AU - Hofmeister, J H AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING MARKETING STUDY PY - 1985/09 SP - 46 p. AB - The purpose of the Non-English Speaking Marketing Study was to develop cost-effective recommendations for reducing the impediments to use of the transit system faced by non-English speakers. The scope of the study included: 1. Collection of data on the size, geographic distribution and native languages of the non-English speaking population in the Twin Cities; 2. Analysis of the travel needs of the non-English speaking population compared to existing transit service; 3. Determination of real and perceived impediments to transit usage by non-English speakers; 4. Estimation of the size of the potential market for transit services among non-English speakers; and 5. Development of cost-effective recommendations for increasing long-term transit usage by non-English speakers. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Ethnic groups KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Minorities KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268319 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454971 AU - Rural America AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL AND SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION: A PRELIMINARY DIRECTORY OF OPERATORS PY - 1985/09 SP - 361 p. AB - This directory, the preliminary product of an UMTA-funded project, identifies agencies funded by the 50 states as Section 18 and 16(b)(2) projects. There is also a brief analysis of the system characteristics of 1456 agencies, including 481 Section 18 projects and 975 Section 16 (b)(2) projects. The total roster includes 4339 listings for agencies receiving UMTA funding with 1018 currently funded under Section 18 and 3321 under 16(b)(2). Current data shows that 76 percent of the recipients are private agencies and only one percent are nonprofits. The remaining 24 percent indicate that they are government units. A small share of these agencies do not provide any transportation service directly but contract with other agencies which are actual providers. The average Section 18 operator has a fleet of 13 vehicles to provide 177,000 oneway trips annually while the Section 16 provider has only 6 vehicles and reports a total of 34,000 trips. Extrapolation shows that all agencies providing rural and specialized transportation provide over 286 million oneway trips annually and carry more than 8 million riders. KW - Aged KW - Directories KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Rural areas KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 16 KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268021 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455080 AU - National Transit Services, Incorporated AU - Ellis (David L) Agency AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - WISCONSIN BUS SAFETY MANUAL PY - 1985/09 SP - 88 p. AB - Bus safety must be a major part of any transit system's Risk Management Program. This manual describes methods to reduce risk of loss common to transit properties, to protect assets against catastrophic loss exposure, and to minimize the costs of managing risk by controlling administrative costs of various loss-control functions. Bus safety programs exist in various forms and levels on the transit systems in the State of Wisconsin. Some are formally documented programs while others are casual. A bus safety program is a method of safeguarding a company's assets and income over an extended period at a minimum cost. The transit manager is provided with tools to evaluate risks, make decisions, and control losses. The safety program involves management, finance, operations and maintenance. The process is described as involving six steps: (1) Decide on basic policy and goals; (2) Identify and measure specific risks and perils; (4) Develop and implement with proper foresight and hindsight; (5) Review support systems; (6) Collect and analyze data. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Insurance KW - Liability KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Policy KW - Prevention KW - Risk analysis KW - Safety KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Wisconsin UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56652/wisconsinbussaf8546nati_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455074 AU - Rubin, D L AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: REGIONAL RIDESHARE PROMOTION IN NORTH CAROLINA PY - 1985/09 SP - 54 p. AB - This case study reports on a multi-jurisdictional ridesharing program centered in the Piedmont Crescent area of North Carolina, funded under the National Ridesharing Demonstration Program. The Crescent encompasses three metropolitan areas: the Triangle area of Raleigh, Durham and Chapel Hill; the Metrolina area centered in Charlotte; and the Triad, comprised of Greensboro, High Point and Winston-Salem. The demonstration was most useful in its development and exploration of the appropriate institutional or organizational structure to accomplish regional/intercity ridesharing. The report is largely devoted to documenting these various arrangements, and the methods they employed. Arrangements varied in their effectiveness based largely on size of staff and the experience, talent and commitment of the coordinators. Local support of employers and institutions was also important. The North Carolina Department of Transportation was instrumental in fostering cooperation and coordination among the regions. The demonstration's impact on actual ridesharing behavior is not well documented. KW - Brokerage KW - Coordination KW - Employers KW - Marketing KW - North Carolina KW - Parking lots KW - Regional planning KW - Ridesharing KW - State departments of transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455072 AU - Reyes, B AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIAL-NEEDS TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION: SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS AND VEHICLE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE RIDE AND THE DOWNTOWN DISTRIBUTOR PY - 1985/09 SP - 111 p. AB - Since 1977 the MBTA provided a door-to-door, many-to-many paratransit service called THE RIDE to eligible transportation handicapped persons. In March 1982, BTA discontinued daytime operation of its many-to-many paratransit service within Boston's downtown or core area and required that all daytime special-needs trips into, out of, and within the core be made on a new, accessible, fixed-route van service called the DOWNTOWN DISTRIBUTOR. This report documents an evaluation of the operational and efficiency consequences of such a change. The evaluation covers various passenger trip characteristics., vehicle productivity, and the implications of eliminating the DISTRIBUTOR. Basically, the MBTA's goal in implementing DISTRIBUTOR services was to increase system productivity. However, the report analysis showed that productivity remained more or less the same during DISTRIBUTOR operations, i.e., the DISTRIBUTOR operated more efficiently during peak periods than in daytime off-peak periods; by contrast, the DISTRIBUTOR was 38 percent less efficient than the RIDE during off-peak periods. Recommendations in this study state that serious consideration should be given to discontinuing the DOWNTOWN DISTRIBUTOR altogether. The analysis indicates that a few less passenger trips per day could be adequately scheduled were the DISTRIBUTOR to be eliminated--this decrease would be so small relative to the current service demand that RIDE vehicle productivity would be effectively unchanged. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Central business districts KW - Level of service KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455118 AU - Englisher, L AU - Juster, R D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A CORRIDOR ROUTE SIMPLICATION DEMONSTRATION IN MIAMI, FLORIDA PY - 1985/09 SP - 58 p. AB - The Miami Corridor Route Simplification Demonstration was aimed at improved level of service and operational efficiency through the restructuring of bus routes. The project initially targeted a series of overlapping parallel routes in Miami Beach. The Metro-Dade Transportation Administration (MDTA) proposed to replace the duplicative services with a single direct trunk service and a number of neighborhood feeders. After partial implementation of this concept and some public meetings, MDTA terminated the experiment, convinced that the concept would not be successful in Miami Beach, largely due to the resistance of the largely elderly ridership. MDTA subsequently shifted the project to South Dade, a rapidly growing suburban area, which had several circuitous routes, as a result of numerous bus route extensions. There MDTA attempted to implement its suburban service concept, in which express service to downtown is complemented by long local routes, while off-peak service is oriented to local shopping needs. The service changes actually implemented were only a portion of the total concept as originally planned. The changes that were implemented caused inconvenience to some passengers who would have to transfer, while others benefited from more direct service. Passenger complaints about the service changes and low ridership on most of the new express service caused MDTA to restore the old service and eliminate all but one express run. Thus, the project was not successful in meeting its aim. The suburban service concept never received a full test, although it appears that it needs to be modified to take into account the inconvenience that transferring may cause some passengers. As the South Dade corridor phase of the project was being completed, MDTA planners were restructuring most South Dade routes to feed the new Metrorail service. The demonstration project is continuing with a study of passenger responses to this restructuring of the bus system. KW - Bus routes KW - Corridors KW - Express buses KW - Feeder buses KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Operating strategies KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Suburbs KW - Transferring KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268108 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455156 AU - Goebel, R J AU - Moehlman, M R AU - Capital Region Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CTC TRANSIT CENTER STUDY PY - 1985/09 SP - 62 p. AB - The Capitol Transportation Corporation (CTC) provides bus transit service in the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Area. CTC operates a fleet of 55 regular 45-passenger vehicles on 29 fixed routes (16 regular parish-wide and 13 university routes). In addition, 10 vehicles are operated by Special Transportation Services that provide demand responsive door-to-door service for the elderly and handicapped persons. CTC currently operates 16 fixed routes on a radial system focused on downtown Baton Rouge with 14 routes terminating in the CBD. Peak period service requires the use of 46 buses while off-peak service requires 36 buses. Ridership on CTC regular routes currently averages 3,700,000 passengers annually. The purpose of this study is to examine alternative improvements to the existing on-street downtown Baton Rouge transfer locations in order to: 1) assess existing and future mass transit transfer facility needs in the Baton Rouge urbanized area; 2) improve passenger services; 3) establish a central transfer site for the existing radial system and to accommodate 15 to 20 vehicles; 4) improve CTC vehicle flow so as to adhere to schedules; and 5) improve pedestrian and traffic safety. Basically, this report documents the process used to examine various alternatives, provides data needed for evaluation, and presents several preliminary design solutions. The document is intended to serve as a basis for questions, comments, and discussion by individuals and organizations potentially affected by the project. KW - Fixed routes KW - Louisiana KW - Paratransit services KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Timed transfer KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Transit centers KW - Umta section 8 KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268129 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454900 AU - Organization for Environmental Growth, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT PRICING. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/09 SP - 11 p. AB - To utilize the tremendous potential for microcomputers in transit, UMTA has sponsored formation of user groups to assist in making available public-domain software. This study sought to review pricing evaluation methods used in the transit industry, selecting those most suitable for microcomputer application. Four pricing methods were recommended for microcomputer program development and two of these selected. One effort is based on the disaggregate elasticity concept and the other on the survey-based approach. The disaggregate elasticity (DEL) model is a quick response revenue forecasting method for each user-defined submarket showing the impact of fare and service policies. The second program is analysis of a proposed fare policy (FPE) determining its impacts on individual riders and summarizing results by ridership categories. Use of DEL and FPE models is another step toward more efficient management and operations, giving quick-response tools for ridership and revenue forecasting. KW - Computer programs KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Microcomputers KW - Pricing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455066 AU - Kuzmyak, R AU - Wells, M AU - Gerlach, E AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE OF MATCHING OPERATORS AND BUSES PY - 1985/09 SP - 56 p. AB - This study was undertaken to identify the incidence of and critical issues associated with a practice undertaken by some transit agencies of matching a particular bus with a specific driver or group of drivers. The results are based on telephone interviews with representatives of 118 privately- and publicly-managed transit agencies that operate 25 or more vehicles. Proponents of the vehicle-driver matching concept contend that a driver who operates the same vehicle every working day, or nearly every day, will feel greater responsibility for, and take better care of, "their" bus. The driver will become well acquainted with the particular operating characteristics of their assigned vehicle and will be more likely to detect the first signs of equipment failure before a roadcall becomes necessary. Proponents suggest that matching operators with vehicles will, therefore, result in better driver morale, reduced maintenance costs, increased number of vehicle-miles between roadcalls, fewer missed runs, fewer accidents and other benefits. Nearly half (47 percent) of the agencies interviewed presently match, or have matched in the past, buses with blocks of work or operators. This is generally an historical practice, implemented with few known problems. Benefits most frequently cited by practitioners include better reporting of vehicle defects, better driver morale, reduced maintenance costs, more miles between roadcalls, and improved vehicle appearance. Public agencies and privately-managed are equally likely to match buses to operators or blocks of work. Agencies with fewer than 100 buses are more likely to engage in the practice than larger agencies. The practice is most prevalent in the Sunbelt states and Pacific Northwest where agencies are more likely to park their buses on the diagonal on open lots, and less prevalent in New England, New York/New Jersey, and the midwest where agencies are more likely to park their buses in long columns inside storage garages. Reasons given most frequently by the sample agencies for not matching vehicles with blocks of work or operators included garage/yard layout and attendant hostling costs, operators delaying reporting vehicle defects until the day before their regularly scheduled days off, difficulty balancing mileage among the fleet, discontent among younger operators at agencies with a mix of older and newer buses, concerns about passenger discrimination (i.e., Title VI) and the perception that vehicle matching makes little difference to driver morale or maintenance costs. Approximately 15 percent of the sample agencies have abandoned their past practices to vehicle matching for these reasons. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus garages KW - Buses KW - Defects KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Matching KW - Reliability KW - Traffic assignment KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468023 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. FINAL REPORT. PROJECT C-660 PY - 1985/09 SP - 28 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. Overall, manuals of all 3 departments showed enough weaknesses to warrant a program of improvement. The study appears to favor manuals prepared in-house as more usable than those furnished by equipment suppliers. KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279242 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00461991 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ON-BOARD TRANSIT SURVEY FOR NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/09 SP - 72 p. AB - This Onboard Transit Survey of current bus service patrons in the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area was conducted in the fall of 1984 for the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG)--the agency responsible for long range transportation planning in the metroplex. The survey information and the resulting database is intended to support the development of a regional planning network and to assist the NCTCOG staff in evaluating transit needs in the future. In this report, the sampling plan developed for this survey is discussed along with the administration of the survey which was based on implementation of the sampling plan using various methods for quality assurance. The onboard survey used unlinked trips or passenger boardings as its population. Stratification of this population consisted of unlinked passenger trips by route group, and the allocation of daily route group passenger ridership by time period. The required passenger survey sample was calculated based on the average weekday ridership by route group. This survey was administered on the bus transit services provided by DART-through its contractor Dallas Transit System (DTS); City Transit Services of Fort Worth (CITRAN); Trailways--Dallas Commuter Services, and Dallas Fort Worth Airport Services; and Texas Bus Lines. The survey was structured as a self-administered questionnaire. DTS and CITRAN were surveyed by onbaord survey personnel; others distributed questionnaires to all boarding passengers, and responses were either mailed back to surveyor or to NCTCOG officials. Overall, this onboard survey study resulted in a high quality database that will support transit short and long-term planning in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex. KW - Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Long term KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Surveys KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273881 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00459697 AU - Drain, M C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HEAVY RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY 1984 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1985/09 SP - 32 p. AB - The Heavy Rail Transit Safety 1984 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of heavy rail transit accident and casualty statistics reported by the thirteen heavy rail transit systems in the United States during 1984, under UMTA's Safety Information Reporting and Analysis System (SIRAS). KW - Crashes KW - Fatalities KW - Injuries KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273162 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471458 AU - Kuzmyak, R AU - Wells, M AU - Gerlach, E AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-PRACTICE OF MATCHING OPERATORS AND BUSES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/09 SP - 56 p. AB - This study was undertaken to identify the incidence of and critical issues associated with a practice undertaken by some transit agencies of matching a particular bus with a specific driver or group of drivers. The results are based on telephone interviews with representatives of 118 privately- and publicly-managed transit agencies that operate 25 or more vehicles. Proponents of the vehicle-driver matching concept contend that a driver who operates the same vehicle every working day, or nearly every day, will feel greater responsibility for, and take better care of, "their" bus. The driver will become well acquainted with the particular operating characteristics of their assigned vehicle and will be more likely to detect the first signs of equipment failure before a roadcall becomes necessary. Proponents suggest that matching operators with vehicles will, therefore, result in better driver morale, reduced maintenance costs, increased number of vehicle-miles between roadcalls, fewer missed runs, fewer accidents and other benefits. Nearly half (47 percent) of the agencies interviewed presently match, or have matched in the past, buses with blocks of work or operators. This is generally an historical practice, implemented with few known problems. Benefits most frequently cited by practitioners include better reporting of vehicle defects, better driver morale, reduced maintenance costs, more miles between roadcalls, and improved vehicle appearance. Public agnecies and privately-managed are equally likely to match buses to operators or blocks of work. Agencies with fewer than 100 buses are more likely to engage in the practice than larger agencies. The practice is most prevalent in the Sunbelt states and Pacific Northwest where agencies are more likely to park their buses on the diagonal on open lots, and less prevalent in New England, New York/New Jersey, and the midwest where agencies are more likely to park their buses in long columns inside storage garages. Reasons given most frequently by the sample agencies for not matching vehicles with blocks of work or operators included garage/yard layout and attendant hostling costs, operators delaying reporting vehicle defects until the day before their regularly scheduled days off, difficulty balancing mileage among the fleet, discontent among younger operators at agencies with a mix of older and newer buses, concerns about passenger discrimination (i.e., Title VI) and the perception that vehicle matching makes little difference to driver morale or maintenance costs. Approximately 15 percent of the sample agencies have abandoned their past practices to vehicle matching for these reasons. KW - Attitudes KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Matching KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280742 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462832 AU - Cook, A R AU - MORRIS, K B AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS ROUTE DEMAND ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/08 SP - 181 p. AB - This report investigates the application of TRANES to several bus route planning and demand prediction problems. TRANES is a bus route demographic analysis computer program and is an acronym for Transportation Network Evaluation System. It directly accesses U.S. Census Bureau data 1980 STF-1 and STF-3 tapes in order to compile demographic statistics within specified distances of individual bus stops. The Central Oklahoma Transportation and Parking Authority bus system of Oklahoma City was used as a case study. The application of TRANES to the design and modification of bus routes is demonstrated in this report. TRANES was found to be a convenient program for compiling Federal Title VI reports and similarly provides useful demographic reports for use by transit planners. Individual bus route ridership per day is correlated to census statistic. Furthermore, a correlation, using factor and regression analysis, is established between bus stop passenger loadings and the racial, age, occupation, and income characteristics of the population residing within 1,000 feet of the bus stops. This report includes a listing of the entire TRANES program used in the study (written in FORTRAN IV) as well as a comparable version written in BASIC for microcomputers based on the CP/M 2.2 Operating System and which uses the dBase II Database Management System. Use of the programs and transit network coding is fully documented in this report. KW - Bus routes KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Computer programs KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Demographics KW - Factor analysis KW - Oklahoma KW - Regression analysis KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455180 AU - Booth, R AU - Waksman, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION REPORT PY - 1985/08 SP - 188 p. AB - The report evaluates 17 projects of the National Ridesharing Demonstration Program, with detailed analysis of five sites where a workplace survey was conducted--Atlanta, Cincinnati, Houston, Portland, and Seattle. Among the topics covered are project background, description, implementation, obstacles to project development, the market for ridesharing, the impact of ridesharing programs, and the effectiveness of promotional techniques. Evaluators found that the primary market for ridesharing appears to be multi-worker households with one car, living relatively far from the work site. Most commuter carpools were found to consist of informal arrangements between household members or fellow workers. The proportion of employees ridesharing and carpool size were found to increase with firm size. No relationship was found between "flextime" and ridesharing. The need to pay for parking at work was seen to have a low impact on ridesharing mode split, but the impact varied with transit service quality. Although area ridesharing programs contacted a high proportion of firms, the share of employees actually receiving program materials was found to be much lower. The impact of area ridesharing programs on commuter travel behavior could not be conclusively determined from NRDP data, but the direct impact seemed to be small. Neighborhood-based ridesharing promotion did not appear to be an effective alternative to employer marketing programs. KW - Automobile ownership KW - Carpools KW - Employers KW - Households KW - Marketing KW - Publicity KW - Ridesharing KW - Travel behavior KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268148 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455176 AU - Maze, T H AU - Cook, A R AU - DUTTA, U AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS FLEET MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES GUIDE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/08 SP - 4 p. AB - The contemporary problems faced by transit maintenance managers are more complex than those faced in the past. The recent escalation of costs is evidence that existing practices cannot efficiently tackle the fleet management problems of today. The purpose of the Bus Fleet Management Techniques Guide is to provide transit maintenance managers with methods that they can use to derive information for maintenance planning and fleet management. The Guide covers three basic areas: 1) statistical analysis of component and part failure mileages for use in maintenance planning, 2) life cycle economic analysis for component and bus replacement and procurement decision-making, and 3) non-technical methodologies for the planning of maintenance management information systems. The Guide contains easy-to-follow examples derived from actual transit system maintenance records. All techniques can be done using inexpensive scientific calculators. A set of 19 work sheets is provided to facilitate the computations. Some chapters have study questions to further explain the methodologies. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Manuals KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Procurement KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268144 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455098 AU - RBA Engineers, Planners AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE 1985 SPORTS FESTIVAL, EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH, LOUISIANA PY - 1985/08 SP - 150 p. AB - Baton Rouge, Louisiana served as the host city for the National Sports Festival VI from July 19 to August 5, 1985. The objective of this study was to develop a transportation plan that would transport the 4,000 participants to the various Festival activities and provide services that would afford other athletes the opportunity to view the competition. This report documents such a transportation plan. It describes the routes used in transporting the participants as well as the access and parking requirements for spectators. In addition, the report contains an evaluation of the transportation system and identifies specific problem areas that will assist future hosts in developing their transportation system for such an event. Overall, the transportation system provided the participants with the service it was designed to provide. The overall cost of the service was estimated at $160,000 which was nearly double the initial budget. Factors contributing to this overrun cost are discussed in this report. Better communication and planning was recommended to produce a more efficient and cost effective system as well as to avoid the problem areas discussed in this study. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Implementation KW - Louisiana KW - Operating costs KW - Parking KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Shuttle buses KW - Special events KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268104 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455155 AU - Delaware County Planning Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT USAGE INCENTIVE PROGRAM PY - 1985/08 SP - 125 p. AB - In 1982, the Delaware County Planning Department (DCPD) recognized the need for additional transit marketing for the Red Arrow Division (RAD) of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA). The RAD is primarily located within Delaware County's boundaries. Delaware County is a suburb of Philadelphia with a population of 550,000. While SEPTA is responsible for conducting system-wide transit marketing, those efforts were restrained due to shortage of staff and limited budget. Efforts were also strained due to SEPTA's planned takeover of twelve commuter lines from CONRAIL and the completion of a Center City commuter tunnel. Therefore, SEPTA's primary marketing efforts had to be geared toward regional rather than specific transit lines. Delaware County's part of the transit system includes two light rail lines, one high speed line, and twenty-two bus lines. The total SEPTA system covers five counties, including the city of Philadelphia. Delaware County decided that extra assistance and monies were needed to improve the marketing of the RAD system and therefore, proceeded to address those needs. Utilizing technical study funds provided by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) throughout the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC), DCPD initiated the Delaware County Transit Usage Incentive Program (TUIP). The overall goals of the program were to increase the awareness of and ridership on the RAD system. The program was to achieve these goals through business-sponsored marketing techniques. KW - Bus routes KW - County government KW - Employers KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Pennsylvania KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Retail trade KW - Sales KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474158 AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - California Department of Public Works AU - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA SMALL TRANSIT VEHICLES CONFERENCE SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, MAY 15-16, 1985 PY - 1985/08 SP - v.p. AB - The conference focused on the issues surrounding the procurement and maintenance of the numerous types of small vehicles (standard vans, modified vans, body on chassis and purpose-built vehicles, and small buses) currently used to provide urban and rural public transportation services. KW - Compact automobiles KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Small buses KW - Small vehicles KW - Technology transfer KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/287890 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00474160 AU - Maze, T H AU - Cook, A R AU - DUTTA, U AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES GUIDE FOR BUS FLEET MANAGERS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/08 SP - 4 p. AB - The contemporary problems faced by transit maintenance managers are more complex than those faced in the past. The recent escalation of costs is evidence that existing practice cannot efficiently tackle the fleet management problems of today. The purpose of the Bus Fleet Management Techniques Guide is to provide transit maintenance managers with methods that they can use to derive information for maintenance planning and fleet management. The Guide covers three basic areas: 1) statistical analysis of component and part failure mileages for use in maintenance planning, 2) life cycle economic analysis for component and bus replacement and procurement decision-making, and 3) non-technical methodologies for the planning of maintenance management information systems. The Guide contains easy-to-follow examples derived from actual transit system maintenance records. All techniques can be done using inexpensive scientific calculators. A set of 19 work sheets is provided to facilitate the computations. Some chapters have study questions to further explain the methodologies. KW - Buses KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452514 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK SHORT LINE PASSENGER RAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1985/08 SP - 163 p. AB - Today the New York Short Line is one of ConRail's two main access routes to the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area from the south, and the other via trackage rights over Amtrak's Northeast Corridor Line. In an emergency, this line could also carry traffic from the West into that area. The Short Line is presently carrying 8.6 million gross tons annually with an average of 3.68 through trains per day. On the lower segment of the Line south of Cheltenham Junction, the line is also used by SEPTA for commuter service. Although the entire line is owned by ConRail, all train movements on the line are controlled by SEPTA dispatchers at Wayne Junction. SEPTA plans to increase commuter rail service and extend electrification from Fox Chase to Newtown. The objectives of this report are: to assess the impact passenger rail service would have on an existing ConRail freight line in Northeast Philadelphia; to explore solutions for reducing or eliminating such impacts; and to discuss the feasibility and magnitude of costs of these solutions. This final report is a compendium of the Technical Memorandums which have been prepared and submitted for 5 of the 6 study phases: Phase 1, Impact of Freight Operations; Phase 2, Travel Demand Estimation; Phase 3, Operating Revenue/Cost Evaluation; Phase 4, Station Location and Cost Analysis; and Phase 6, Cost Effectiveness Determination. Phase 5, Site Requirements and Opportunities Analysis, is a separate document that analyzes terminal and land area requirements for a potential Broad Street subway extension along the Roosevelt Boulevard median area. KW - Conrail KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Freight trains KW - Impact analysis KW - Impacts KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452513 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NEW YORK SHORT LINE PASSENGER RAIL FEASIBILITY STUDY. PHASE 5. ANALYSIS OF SITE REQUIREMENTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ROOSEVELT BOULEVARD SUBWAY TERMINAL PY - 1985/08 SP - 30 p. AB - Today, the New York Short Line is one of ConRail's two main access routes to the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area from the south, and the other via trackage rights over Amtrak's Northeast Corridor Line. The Short Line is presently carrying 8.6 million gross tons annually with an average of 3.68 through trains per day. On the lower segment of the line south of Cheltenham Junction, the line is also used by SEPTA for commuter service. Although the entire line is owned by ConRail, all train movements on the line are controlled by SEPTA dispatchers at Wayne Junction. SEPTA plans to increase commuter rail service on the lower segment of the line. The objectives of this study are: to assess the impact passenger rail service would have on an existing ConRail freight line in Northeast Philadelphia; to explore solutions for reducing or eliminating such impacts; and to discuss the feasibility and magnitude of costs of these solutions: This report analyzes terminal and land area requirements for a potential Broad Street subway extension along the Roosevelt Boulevard median area. Subway terminal plan includes station, maintenance and storage facilities for the future extension of either the Broad Street subway or the Market-Frankford Line, northeast along Roosevelt Boulevard. This analysis is intended to provide the Philadelphia Planning Commission sufficient information to retain, if desired, a particular site for a future Roosevelt Boulevard subway terminal. KW - Conrail KW - Construction KW - Freight trains KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Rail transit stations KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267434 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452506 AU - Maze, T H AU - Cook, A R AU - DUTTA, U AU - University of Oklahoma, Norman AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS FLEET MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES GUIDE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/08 SP - 337 p. AB - The contemporary problems faced by transit maintenance managers are more complex than those faced in the past. The recent escalation of costs is evidence that existing practices cannot efficiently tackle the fleet management problems of today. The purpose of the Bus Fleet Management Techniques Guide is to provide transit maintenance managers with methods that they can use to derive information for maintenance planning and fleet management. The Guide covers three basic areas: 1) statistical analysis of component and part failure mileages for use in maintenance planning, 2) life cycle economic analysis for component and bus replacement and procurement decision-making, and 3) non-technical methodologies for the planning of maintenance management information systems. The Guide contains easy-to-follow examples derived from actual transit system maintenance records. All techniques can be done using inexpensive scientific calculators. A set of 19 work sheets is provided to facilitate the computations. Some chapters have study questions to further explain the methodologies. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Management planning KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56340/busfleetmanagem1100okla_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462030 AU - VIA Metropolitan Transit AU - San Antonio Metropolitan Planning Organization AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BEXAR COUNTY BROKERAGE PLAN PY - 1985/08 SP - 36 p. AB - In Bexar County, the transportation providers are VIA Transit and Yellow Cab as well as Goodwill Industries and Inman Christian Center which are both providers and social service agencies. All other public service organizations referred to in this report are social service agencies. The purpose of this study was to design and implement a transportation brokerage program for the more than 50 local social service agencies and transportation providers that provide transportation services to the elderly and handicapped persons. In this report, brokerage is viewed as a strategic approach to the coordinated delivery of social service transportation resources. The study begins with a 5-year history of local attempts to achieve coordination through brokerage and highlights both accomplishments and remaining problems. Five prerequisites for the successful implementation of a local brokerage program are presented as well as efforts to design and implement a local brokerage program. Characteristics and resources of local social service agencies and providers are described as well as the characteristics and transportation needs of the target group of social service agency clients. The planning efforts to match transportation resources with the needs of the target group through a brokerage program are described. The study finds and recommends that the aims of a brokerage program in terms of cost-effectiveness and operating efficiency are best achieved by two strategies: establishment of a transportation consortium of social service agencies and providers; and development and implementation of a user side subsidy program. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Social service agencies KW - Texas KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273914 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456266 AU - Smith (Wilbur) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RIO GRANDE RAPID RAIL PASSENGER FEASIBILITY STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/08 SP - 389 p. AB - This final report documents the feasibility of implementing rapid rail passenger services in the Albuquerque to Santa Fe Rio Grande Corridor and the issues and opportunities afforded to the State of New Mexico by such a rapid rail concept. The study seeks to determine whether any type of rail service is appropriate, and whether it would be cost effective and practical. It is intended to be advisory in nature so that residents of New Mexico and their elected officials can prudently decide whether to pursue rail service or whether to continue to rely exclusively on the current transportation modes (car, bus, airplane). The Plan focuses only on the Santa Fe to Albuquerque Corridor (the most densely populated and most heavily traveled area in the State); considers the use of existing and proven technologies; keeps implementation costs to a minimum by making use of existing trackage and available right-of-way; and considers not only the transportation needs but also economic development implications such as job creation and land development. Overall the study focuses on the rail system most appropriate for New Mexico--conventional, electrified inter-city trains such as those that operate in the Northeast Corridor and throughout Europe. In addition, the study reports that a rapid rail system makes more sense than anticipated, and it recommends that the State review and consider the analyses presented in this feasibility study before making any type of decision regarding the transportation future of the State. KW - Airport access KW - Corridors KW - Economic development KW - Electric railroads KW - Forecasting KW - High speed rail KW - Implementation KW - Intercity transportation KW - Modal split KW - New Mexico KW - Operating costs KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455197 AU - Arkhoma Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FORT SMITH TAXI SUBSIDY PROGRAM SYNOPSIS FY 1985 PY - 1985/08 SP - 13 p. AB - This short paper presents a synopsis of events and efforts to establish a Taxi Subsidy Program during 1985 for eligible clientele including the transportation dependent in the City of Fort Smith, Arkansas. The Fort Smith subsidy program presented in this paper received considerable assistance from Ms. Elaine Walker, (Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission) who established such a program for the City of Springdale, Arkansas in 1983. After researching the Springdale effort and studying the procedures and Evaluation Report, the Fort Smith Staff moved forward to actually develop a similar Taxi Subsidy Program for Fort Smith. Some of the major issues addressed during the course of developing the program are promotional efforts; administration of the program; costs; reimbursement; and reporting. The chief concerns of each issue plus the final resolve to each is presented. Included in this report is a fact sheet, submitted to the City Board of Directors, that is to be reviewed before the commission's formal presentation to the Board in August 1985. KW - Arkansas KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455177 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENTERPRISE ZONE IMPROVEMENTS AT THE SOUTH NORWALK RAILROAD STATION. SOUTH NORWALK RAIL STATION AREA REVITALIZATION PLAN PY - 1985/08 SP - 107 p. AB - Revitalization has begun and is spreading throughout the City of Norwalk, Connecticut. This report focuses on how to revitalize the South Norwalk Railroad Station and the adjacent neighborhood. The study objectives are: 1) to assess the current problems at the station and the neighborhood; 2) to determine the potential improvements and developments; 3) to prepare an improvement plan; and 4) to present an implementation strategy for station and neighborhood improvements. Key goals identified by the study team are: Railroad station--to improve facilities for rail and bus commuters, upgrade maintenance and security, and minimize parking congestion; and Relationship to neighborhood--to utilize the station improvements as an anchor to enhance economic revitalization in the surrounding neighborhood, and develop pedestrian movement between the train station and the Washington Street business district. The study evaluated development alternatives for the train station and identified several opportunities such as all-day use of train station buildings, establishment of retail businesses, parking, and commercial development in the neighborhood. Basically, the plan resulting from this study calls for redeveloping the station itself, which would ultimately develop strong links to neighborhood economic development. The study concluded that the most effective and economical way for the City to accomplish this is to designate a private developer to finance and rehabilitate the buildings as well as to lease out the available building space to active tenants and to provide professional services including upgraded maintenance, property management and improved security services for the entire station and lot area. KW - Connecticut KW - Leasing KW - Parking KW - Pedestrian flow KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Security KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462896 AU - Ballantyne, D AU - Donlon, B AU - Russell (Harold) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRAINERS' GUIDE: CASE STUDIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/07/31 SP - 50 p. AB - This Guide is a component of a training program titled "Employing Handicapped Persons in the Transit Industry". The program was developed under contract DTUM60-80-C-72042, Project MA-06-0105, "Joint Transit Industry Employment and Training Project for the Handicapped." It was later revised under Contract DTUM60-83-C-71228, Project MA-06-0149, "Hiring Handicapped Persons-A Training Demonstration Project for the Transit Industry." This Trainers' Guide contains instructions, eleven case studies and a role play exercise for use by transit agencies and other interested organizations when training personnel professionals, EEO staff, managers, supervisors, and/or anyone who has decision making authority in the training and accommodation of workers with disabilities. The case studies and role play exercise are illustrative of the types of problems that confront persons with disabilities in securing jobs and the issues faced by personnel decision-makers and supervisors who may be dealing with disabled employees. The situations that form the basis of these exercises reflect actual policies and practices that were in effect in the public transit industry. KW - Case studies KW - Employment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274364 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451527 AU - Budin, D AU - Hardcastle, T AU - Castelli, T AU - Carbonell, N AU - Washington Consulting Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPENDIUM OF NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS: 1983 REPORT YEAR PY - 1985/07 SP - 106 p. AB - This report provides summary statistics on the finances and operations of this nation's public transit systems for the 1983 calendar year. These statistics were derived from the data base developed through the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Section 15 Reporting System. This report is intended to complement the National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics, the Section 15 Annual Report issued by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration since 1980. That report contains aggregate transit statistics, but focuses principally on the finances and operations of individual transit systems. By contrast, the Compendium provides a national, policy-oriented perspective, highlighting aggregate financial and operational characteristics. In this report, national transit industry financial and operational characteristics are illustrated through use of 1) graphics designed to exphasize key transit industry patterns, 2) policy relevant statistics and aggregations, and 3) trend information incorporating statistics from the Section 15 data base for 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983. These Characteristics are examined within three chapters: Chapter I--Financial Statistics; Chapter II--Operating Statistics; and Chapter III--Performance Measures. The report also includes an Introduction designed to acquaint the reader with the statistics and alert him/her to issues affecting their use. KW - Aggregates KW - Expenditures KW - Operations KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266722 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458679 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOUISIANA WORLD EXPOSITION TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS PY - 1985/07 SP - 243 p. AB - This evaluation was requested by the Louisiana Department of Transportation in order to assess the efficiency, adequacy, acceptability, and operational patterns of the transportation services for the Louisiana World Exposition 1984. The overall intent was to determine the applicability of the low capital intensive situations developed to meet the access and cumulative needs of Fair patrons, employees, and goods and service providers; and to determine the concepts that had the potential for long term operation and use, both to meet basic transportation needs and the specific requirements of unique events or peak activities. Specific attention focuses on how well the transportation solutions developed for the Fair responded to the needs of the residents; how these concepts could be applied to other locations within the state; and what long term benefits could accrue to the New Orleans metropolitan area. This report details the transportation planning process for the Louisiana World Exposition including an analysis of attendance and transportation characteristics observed at the Fair. Transportation elements discussed in this report include the New Orleans metropolitan transit systems, intercity buses, shuttle and tour buses, public ferries and other operations such as parking, aviation and aviation ground transportation, AMTRAK, etc. Conclusions and recommendations provided in this report discuss the results of the transportation analysis presented in the 10 chapters of this report. KW - Buses KW - Charter operations KW - Ferries KW - Louisiana KW - Parking KW - Pedestrians KW - Public transit KW - Special events KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - World's fair UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272657 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458630 AU - Fricker, J D AU - Shanteau, R M AU - Poturalski, J M AU - Purdue University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL CITY TRANSIT STRATEGIES UNDER THE NEW FEDERALISM. OPTIMIZING SERVICE IN THE FACE OF DECREASED SUBSIDIES. FINAL REPORT REVISION PY - 1985/07 SP - 164 p. AB - At a time when transit operating costs continue to increase, but state and federal subsidies are not likely to rise accordingly, new operating strategies must be sought. This report describes an important step toward a technique for optimizing transit operations. A model is developed for application to a transit system in a small urban area. Given certain assumptions about the service area and the requirement that service (defined in terms of total system ridership) not be reduced, the "multiple-route transit optimization model" (MRTOM) identifies those combinations of policy options that lead to the lowest operating deficits. In the course of establishing the policy option combinations to be processed by MRTOM, several findings of interest were made. Buses should minimize their number of round trips per hour, assuming operating speed and layover time per round trip do not change. Using simple rules to eliminate clearly inferior candidates, the large number of possible combinations of service frequency, round trip time, and number of vehicles for each route can be reduced to a relatively few promising choices. These and other topics are explained and demonstrated for representative transit operations. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost control KW - Headways KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Optimization KW - Ost university research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272632 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471490 AU - Miller, G K AU - McLary, James J AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPETING FOR SUBURBAN SERVICES: A CHALLENGE FOR TRANSIT MANAGERS PY - 1985/07 SP - 20 p. AB - The fiscal pressures of the 1980s have forced both central city and suburban governments to try to hold down the rate of growth in general revenues going to transit agencies. As transit costs have continued to rise in major urban areas, some suburban jurisdictions such as Washington, D.C., Kansas City, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Dallas, and Austin have decided to sponsor their own services rather than have the regional agency provide them. If jurisdictions persist in such practices, regional transit agencies will lose an opportunity to provide services to the most rapidly growing portions of the region. This paper describes how managers in major agencies could accept the challenge of actually competing to provide a new service in or to a suburban community. A demonstration project is proposed to help innovative managers position their agencies to be able to compete with other providers to operate these new systems. KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Competition KW - Needs assessment KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Suburbs KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transit services KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280754 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455071 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS STOP STUDY FOR MONTACHUSETT REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1985/07 SP - 41 p. AB - The Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) has been operating fixed-route bus service in the area on a flag-down basis since 1979. Changing the current flag-down bus service to fixed-stops on MART's bus routes highlights this study. Such a change purports to increase the local visibility of the service and, therefore, increase ridership as well as increase the efficiency of bus operations and make the system easier to use. This report identifies those elements crucial to the establishment of positive public perceptions of the bus service; identifies actual public perceptions of MART; establishes standards and guidelines for bus stop locations; and provides recommendations for implementing fixed-stops on the bus routes. In addition, this report discusses the criteria used to identify potential bus stop locations, namely, land use--a heavy trip generator; documents the standards and guidelines developed for bus stop spacing and locations; charts the results and presents the analyses of the surveys conducted to assist in the evaluation of the area's transit needs. KW - Bus services KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Fixed routes KW - Land use KW - Location KW - Massachusetts KW - Small cities KW - Spacing KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455161 AU - Corrick, G W AU - McClintock, L P AU - University of North Florida, Jacksonville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTIVE POLICY MAKING IN TRANSIT: THE ROLE OF THE BOARD. TRAINING MANUAL PY - 1985/07 SP - n.p. AB - This is the training manual for the project involving the design, production and pilot testing of an educational development program for board members of public transit systems. The final report of this manual points out that transit board members are the public bodies of public transit agencies throughout the nation and yet, no publicly available continuous mechanism exists for their important transit roles. This project was taken to partially fill this gap. In large part, this project arose from a two-session series of workshops for public transit board members held in 1983 at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville under sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The Transit Board Development Program described in the final report of this manual is an expansion of those workshop sessions. It is the intent of UMTA and the University of North Florida that this project provide a resource so that transit agencies, government bodies and education institutions can greatly broaden the education and training opportunities for public transit board members. KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Policy making KW - Public participation KW - Training KW - Transit boards KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269286 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455160 AU - Corrick, G W AU - McClintock, L P AU - University of North Florida, Jacksonville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTIVE POLICY MAKING IN TRANSIT: THE ROLE OF THE BOARD PY - 1985/07 SP - n.p. AB - This report points out that transit board members are the public bodies of public transit agencies throughout the nation and yet, no publicly available continuous mechanism exists for acquainting and preparing new or existing board members for their important transit roles. This project was taken to partially fill this gap. The project involved design, production and pilot testing of an educational development program for board members of public transit systems. In large part, this project arose from a two-session series of workshops for public transit board members held in 1983 at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville under sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The Transit Board Development Program described in this report is an expansion of those workshop sessions. It is the intent of UMTA and the University of North Florida that this project provide a resource so that transit agencies, government bodies and education institutions can greatly broaden the education and training opportunities for public transit board members. KW - Management KW - Policy making KW - Public participation KW - Training KW - Transit boards KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269285 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462009 AU - Crain, J AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RIVERTRAN RURAL TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION--FAYETTE, MISSISSIPPI. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/07 SP - 56 p. AB - This is the final evaluation report of the Rivertran Rural Demonstration Project that operated from February 1982 through January 1985. Project objectives were: (1) to provide basic transportation to a rural society, (2) develop innovations in transportation services, (3) provide staff experience and training, and (4) find the means to continue the services after the demonstration period. Information gained and transferable to other similar projects included specific cost reduction measures, certain unique features of system design, and methods of coupling contract and general public service. KW - Cost control KW - Demonstration projects KW - Innovation KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - System design KW - Training KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471535 AU - Kuiper, W H AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THREE CASE STUDIES: THE IMPACT OF DEFERRED MAINTENANCE IN RAIL TRANSIT PY - 1985/07 SP - 26 p. AB - The objective of this study was to document and describe examples of the impact of deferred maintenance on transit system performance. Interviews and data reviews were conducted to identify examples where specific maintenance requirements were deferred on specific dates for specific vehicles and for specific reasons. It became clear, however, that historical data at the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) and San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI) would not support analysis at such a fine level of detail. Instead, it became necessary to examine the data from a broader perspective, looking at general trends and their related causes and effects. Two case studies from NYCTA and one from MUNI are presented in this report. The case studies reinforce a general belief in the transit industry that excessive maintenance deferrals reduce performance and increase costs. It is clear from the NYCTA examples that car performance diminished as a result of maintenance deferrals. For the track system it is clear that deferral of needed reconstruction reduced track performance. In both examples, there appears to be about a two year delay from the time deferrals start occurring until performance shows significant decline. KW - Case studies KW - Deferred maintenance KW - Impact studies KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451500 AU - Hansen, M AU - Kuzmyak, J R AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INDIANAPOLIS JITNEY EXPRESS: A SUMMARY OF THE OPERATING EXPERIENCE PY - 1985/07 SP - 26 p. AB - Privately-operated jitney services, once popular in American cities and then nearly regulated out of existence, are enjoying renewed interest as urban travel options which could help alleviate public transit cost pressures. This case study documents the unconventional efforts of a private taxi company in Indianapolis to initiate such a service despite regulatory obstacles. Beginning in May 1981, Yellow Cab of Indianapolis initiated its Jitney Express service along three suburb-to-downtown routes. On two of the three routes the jitney ran parallel to public transit, offering more frequent service at a higher fare. Poor ridership on two of the routes caused their cancellation shortly after implementation. The remaining route carries a ridership which appears to be distinct from METRO transit, which claims little or no impact on its operation by Jitney Express. The Jitney Express experiment is important in several respects: acquiring the public support and regulatory approaches to initiate jitney service is an example in private entrepreneurship; the service addresses the needs of a different travel market; and the service is self-sustaining without public subsidy. The report documents the process of acquiring operating approval for the jitney, and presents information on operation characteristics, ridership and costs. KW - Case studies KW - Indianapolis (Indiana) KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Regulatory reform KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266697 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451526 AU - Kuzmyak, J R AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: "MAXI-TAXI" SERVICES IN THE TIDEWATER REGION OF VIRGINIA PY - 1985/07 SP - 154 p. AB - In November 1980, the Tidewater Regional Transit Authority (TRT) Implemented a series of shared-ride taxi services under the program name "Maxi-Taxi" (name which was subsequently changed to Maxi-Ride to avert legal challenges). These services, supplied through competitive contract with private taxi operators, were initiated as cost-saving measures. The program was funded by demonstration grants received from the U.S. Department of Transportation, under the National Reidesharing Demonstration Program, and the State of Virginia. Maxi-Taxi services were used to expand public transportation service in low-density areas and also to replace various unproductive fixed-route bus operations. TRT also experimented successfully with various jitney-type operations. Considerable experience with costs, performance, demand, contracting procedures and management was gained through the demonstration. TRT's retention of many of the experimental services after the demonstration's conclusion in December 1981 and continued exploration of similar services is evidence of their belief that the Maxi-Taxi is a viable service concept. KW - Contracting KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration projects KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators KW - Ridesharing KW - Shared ride KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266721 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399750 AU - Paules, G AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, 4-6, 1984. OPENING COMMENTS PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 1-3 AB - Three reasons for this conference are exchange of information, transmission to the general transit industry of insights developed, and assistance to UMTA in focusing the agency's limited assets. UMTA is interested in hearing about staff training, support needs, and the federal role in transit. Two training aspects are in technical use of computers and need to develop functional skills. The administration is asking UMTA to look at charging for technical assistance, most of which has previously been free. Support groups need to identify good ideas not likely to go to the industry without subsidy, a possible role for UMTA and/or the American Public Transit Assn. Technology is changing rapidly and a frequent mistake is application of microcomputer technology to every problem. Technology should be focused only on appropriate problems. another area is expert systems, the so-called artificial intelligence, which can be useful in market research and service design. Many potential applications in the high-tech area are risky and not likely to be undertaken by individual agencies. Microcomputers are new to many small systems which need assistance on proper applications and applicable documentation. UMTA and state departments of transportation can help small operators. Large operators have real opportunities for using microcomputers but introducing them can be difficult. One large-agency problem is that such organizations are not willing to start small. They actually need to introduce microcomputers slowly, department by department. If the transit industry is ready, opportunity for computer-based operating and management support is almost limitless. KW - Federal government KW - Information processing KW - Institutional issues KW - Microcomputers KW - Policy making KW - Subsidies KW - Technological forecasting KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219072 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399753 AU - Cypher, T M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. TECHNOLOGY PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 26-35 AB - Microprocessors, combined with communications advances, have created expectations of computer systems that might revolutionize transit. High-tech enthusiasts point to the increasingly complex roles microcomputers are playing in transit in several other countries as indication of their future role in American transit. This technology would provide individual users with extensive capabilities in a truly distributed processing environment. Realists point to the inability of hardware and software producers to establish and abide by standards needed for such sophistricated systems. In existing mainframe-oriented transit data centers, microcomputer technology is raising problems of data security and integrity. Microcomputers and accompanying decentralization of data handling necessitates rethinking of the concepts of a transit management information system. That powerful but inexpensive microcomputer technology is progressing slowly in transit is due to a lack of emphasis on it by government. Much of the hardware and software is not transit specific. There is real difficulty in determining which technology will have a positive influence and which can negatively affect transit's effort to improve service and lower costs. In the discussion, participants reviewed the current state of microcomputer technology, rating it according to its usefulness to transit and stage of development. Among needs are standardization, better training, and automated data collection. There is need for specialized microcomputers tooled specifically for transit data processing, for application of other advanced technology to data collection and transmission, and need for standardization. Possibly transit-oriented hardware and software costs might be lowered by taking advantage of export markets as well as expanding domestic applications. KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Microprocessors KW - Software KW - Standardization KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219075 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399757 AU - D'Ignazio, F AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. SPECIAL PRESENTATION: MICROCOMPUTER TOOLS AND POWERFUL IDEAS PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 59-62 AB - The personal, as opposed to the organizational and necessary, reasons for being involved with computers are often overlooked. Policy makers who deal with computers are going to be more personally involved with computers. As one becomes more of a practitioner and uses the computer daily, one's enthusiasm and expertise will be transferred to co-workers. The computer can be a new tool that shapes thinking and communicating processes. Certain products can help lead in the direction of familiarity and intimacy with the computer as an everyday tool. There is the possibility that the computer can interpose itself between two individuals or between an individual and a group, changing transit from an eyeball-to-eyeball industry. Those using such tools as word processors, spreadsheets and file managers should think of them in less typical ways. All facilitate our ability to express ourselves and communicate, to look at information in new ways. While it is unrealistic to talk now about artificial intelligence, expert systems and natural language are being implemented. Ultimately robotics is destined to play a major role in all fields, including transit. It is crucial how users approach their application of computers. KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Microcomputers KW - Policy KW - Robotics KW - Technological forecasting UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219079 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399754 AU - Beckwith, J AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. SMALL TRANSIT SYSTEMS: BENEFITS ADD IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 36-39 AB - While proper application of automated systems can contribute to solution of some of the management problems of the transit industry, there is fully as much need for them on a small operation as on a large system. Managers recognizing this problem and turning to the microcomputer as a potential solution often have encountered resistance at the local level. Some managers have been successful in applications such as budget development and monitoring, vehicle-history record keeping, financial accounting and payroll, parts inventory, revenue and ridership accounting, vehicle maintenance management and word processing. Transit personnel are discovering that many smaller manual tasks may easily be converted to microcomputers. These can include elderly/handicapped and school pass accounting, accident data recording and analysis, personnel records, training records, cash flow management and various other functions. Benefits for the transit properties involved in using microcomputers have not been very well documented. There is, however, an appreciation that the availability of more data and its analysis more than offsets any increased costs incurred. KW - Accounting KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Information processing KW - Institutional issues KW - Microcomputers KW - Personnel management KW - Small cities KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219076 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399756 AU - Altschul, M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. LARGE TRANSIT SYSTEMS: BENEFTIS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MICROCOMPUTERS PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 50-53 AB - Large transit properties generally have mainframe computer systems and the introduction of microcomputers can produce mushrooming of nonstandard computer operations and software. Dividing line between mainframes and micros is getting thinner. Discussion indicated that for large operations microcomputers may be used to (1) enhance personal productivity, and (2) automate functional areas. Assignment of benefits makes it easier to justify the costs of functional automation. Transit agencies which are closely allied with other government functions sometimes have difficulty in introducing micros because all data processing is required to be handled by some central agency. Microcomputers are generally introduced into a single function at one time; using them in functional areas can have considerable impact on organizational structure. There is also a threat to data security with microcomputers. It is best to have policy and security issues formalized before the first microcomputer is introduced. Purchase of new microcomputer applications should include training and ongoing maintenance. The group suggested that technology support groups be formed in different parts of the country to serve as a resource for microcomputer support personnel. KW - Information processing KW - Institutional issues KW - Microcomputers KW - Personnel management KW - Procurement KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219078 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399749 AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984 PY - 1985/07 SP - 65 p. AB - This workshop, sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, includes presentations and summaries of discussions on support of microcomputers in the transit industry, software needs, microcomputer technology, and benefits and implementation of microcomputers for small and large transit systems. There are recommendations on procurement and implementation of microcomputers in the transit industry and the role UMTA should play. It was observed that constraints on development of transit-specific microcomputer applications arise from the small size of the market. Some degree of standardization is desirable, whether imposed from state, federal or market forces. It is important to support microcomputer users from planning through post-installation and at every level. UMTA needs to develop a book documenting successful microcomputer applications, and a three-volume series of readings on needs assessment, systems procurement and contracting for custom software. Micros should be introduced to transit agencies as personal-productivity enhancers. There is some difference in applications for large and small transit systems. While emphasis should be placed on maintenance management systems, and scheduling and routing algorithms, commercial software packages should be used for transit applications whenever possible. Consultants should examine the feasibility of developing inexpensive, more general-purpose products. UMTA seed money is needed to meet software and other development needs. UMTA should also (1) attempt to sponsor simple, easy-to-use transit applications, (2) promote good examples of commercial software in transit, (3) sponsor industry groups to implement and market transit products, (4) work with other federal agencies and the transit industry to export software and on integration of transit microcomputer technology which cannot be standardized at this time. KW - Benefits KW - Computer programs KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Institutional issues KW - Microcomputers KW - Policy making KW - Public transit KW - Software KW - Standardization KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215007 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399755 AU - Reilly, J M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 39-49 AB - While many transit agencies have introduced some computer equipment, nearly all have some difficulty in making the transition from manual information processing to a computerized information system. A primary reason is that such agencies are organized to facilitate operations rather than to manage technological change. There is need to prepare management for what to expect during the transition between manual and automated systems and for the time after the full installation. Four phases of successful transition are identified as better matching of expectations with performance, improved planning of system installation, reduction of the "trauma" of installation, and improved project management control. The discussion group agreed that microcomputers can be beneficial to small transit properties because of easy access to data, improved information for upgrading operating effectiveness, and possibly lower costs. Three levels of utilization were identified: (1) Microcomputers used off-line as support in areas such as budgeting and route planning; (2) Microcomputers used only in activities such as maintenance, inventory, and ridership and revenue analysis; (3) Real-time, on-line applications with managers able to make hourly or daily decisions. Small properties need be concerned only with the first two levels. It was concluded that guidelines might be needed for procurement, training, and orientation of employees on how microcomputers will affect their jobs. KW - Cost control KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Personnel management KW - Planning KW - Small cities KW - Technological innovations KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219077 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399751 AU - Wyatt, E M AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, NOVEMBER 4-6, 1984. SUPORT FOR MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 6-15 AB - Microcomputers are being increasingly adopted by transit operating agencies. Three patterns for implementing microcomputer technology have emerged: (1) Only limited appreciation of inherent benefits are present with applications indentified by the agency's staff for apparent needs and with available software; (2) Installation associated with demonstrations of particular applications or turnkey systems; (3) Implementation as a result of a formal evaluation at initiative of state departments of transportations. The majority of applications in transit involve automation of existing procedures previously done manually and transferrable using generic software. Next are applications where more accessible information is perceived as a solution. Finally, agencies may adopt new techniques feasible because of the use of microcomputers. support for microcomputers refers to provision of information and expertise to transit operations implementing microcomputer systems. Such support includes publications, training, and various forms of communications. Possible support roles for promoting and directing microcomputer use include: (1) Market definition for each transit agency; (2) Identification of changing technology and applications; (3) Role for federal agencies based on implicit policy decisions; (4) Private sector role, driven by market forces and government funding; and (5) Users originate many effective applications. Discussion developed an inventory of types of assistance currently available to the transit industry. Support should be available at all levels of expertise. Transit agencies should be encouraged to take training needs into account during procurement. Small operations, including paratransit, can benefit from microcomputers. States have a relationship with all transit properties and can foster their use. KW - Government funding KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Private enterprise KW - Procurement KW - Software KW - State government KW - Technological forecasting KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219073 ER - TY - ABST AN - 00399752 AU - Barker, W G AU - Transportation Research Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS, AIRLIE HOUSE, VIRGINIA, NOVEMBER 4-6. 1984. SOFTWARE ISSUES PY - 1985/07 SP - p. 15-26 AB - Inexpensive microcomputers have created a revolution in use of computer power. In 15 years, the power of computers has increased by a factor of 10,000 while price per unit has decreased by a factor of 100,000. Transit uses microcomputers much the same as other industries--for word processing, general bookkeeping, inventory, payroll. Special uses include fuel monitoring, runcutting and scheduling. Generally, however, transit is behind in the installation and use of microcomputers because transit managers are more likely to adopt changes to increase transportation productivity rather that to improve the management function. Two aspects often unappreciated in microcomputing are the personal, interactive nature of the process and the cost of customized microcomputer software. With a mainframe, it is often decided that there is little need for a micro. While transit managers often believe that software for micros should cost proportionally less than that for mainframes, this is not the case. The problem is then one of marketing. It is also unlikely that much transit-specific software will be offered by the private sector because of the limited market size. UMTA activities involving microcomputers have included limited software development, distribution of overview documents, seminars, and encouragement of micocomputer applications. UMTA software development projects have been slowed by the government procurement processes. It seems appropriate that UMTA prepare transit management to operate in a data-rich environment. Discussion indicated that it is impractical to standardize microcomputers and their systems and that the transit industry has been slow in adopting this technology. It might be introduced in terms of personal computers rather than office computers. Budget pressures seem destined to increase use of productivity-enhancing software. KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Subsidies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/219074 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455067 AU - Lago, A M AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT CORPORATE PLANNING: A METHODOLOGY FOR TRADING-OFF FARES, SERVICE LEVELS, AND CAPITAL BUDGETS PY - 1985/06/15 SP - 77 p. AB - This study describes the application of corporate planning concepts to the transit industry. The first two chapters describe the process of adopting transit goals and objectives, identifying the constraints and developing performance standards. Chapter 3 develops performance standards for the objective of maximizing ridership subject to external subsidy contraints. A performance standard, defined in terms of additional passenger trips per dollar of net revenue, is derived and quantified using marginal revenue and fare elasticity concepts. The performance standard, referred to as the passmark level, is the value of passenger trips per dollar which maximizes ridership while exhausting the external subsidy constraint. The passmark level is used in Chapter 4 to analyze trade-offs between fare and service policies and to plan service changes at the route level. Finally Chapter 5 is concerned with the development of capital budgets for the transit property using the passmark and other concepts of corporate finance. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Budgeting KW - Bus routes KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Optimization KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Strategic planning KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/tcp.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56580/transitcorporat8712unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462829 AU - Stevenson, W B AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE COORDINATION OF FUNCTIONAL AREAS WITHIN TRANSIT AGENCIES THROUGH NETWORKS OF MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL INTERACTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - n.p. AB - This study examines the effects of environmental demands and technological contingencies on the coordination and control of interactions between individuals and units within a transit agency. The relationships between individuals as they accomplish their work is conceptualized as networks of interaction. Based on questionnaire data collected at two transit agencies (Orange County Transit District and San Diego Transit Corporation), it was found that the size and complexity of the agency had significant effects on networks of interaction. The size and complexity of the agency was found to affect the size and strength of an individual's work network; whether an individual was more likely to rely on the vertical chain of command, horizontal interaction with peers, or diagonal interaction with individuals of unequal status with the organization; and what roles units performed in terms of interaction with other units in the agency. Implications for the design and management of transit agencies are discussed. KW - Bus transportation KW - Interaction KW - Management KW - Ost university research KW - Personnel KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Transit management KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275696 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462900 AU - Regional Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAILBUS DEMONSTRATION PROJECT EVALUATION REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 85 p. AB - The City of Kenner, LA., and the New Orleans Regional Transit Authority sponsored a 3-week commuter rail service demonstration of a Railbus built by Associated Rail Technologies (formerly BRE-Leyland) between Kenner and downtown New Orleans. The Railbus is a diesel self-propelled rail passenger car that may be operated in single or multiple units at up to 75 mph. The unit seats 40 passengers and has a crush capacity of 70 persons. The Railbus made 3 daily round trips between December 6, 1984 and January 11, 1985. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) provided a grant to the RTA for an evaluation of the demonstration. The Railbus ran on 11 miles of Illinois Central Gulf Railroad track (shared with AMTRAK passenger and Louisville and Nashville Railroad freight trains). A shuttle bus connected New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal with various downtown locations as a convenience to Railbus passengers. The operating experience was considered successful, and few problems were encountered. The report provides details on the cost of the project, ridership, trip purpose, mechanical problems of the vehicle, operations. etc. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Evaluation KW - Louisiana KW - Railbus KW - Railbuses KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Shuttle buses KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274366 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462063 AU - Southeast Arkansas Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCING ALTERNATIVES FOR TRANSIT SERVICE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 20 p. AB - The change in emphasis from Federal financial support of transit to local self-sufficiency generated this study. Pine Bluff Transit (PBT) is a municipally owned and operated transit system. Funds to operate the system come from the following sources: fare box, City general fund, State of Arkansas Excise Tax, bus bench and advertising contracts, and grants from UMTA. For the City to raise additional funding with the same local funding sources is limited and questionable. The purpose of this study is to identify various revenue sources and funding mechanisms that the City could implement to reduce the subsidy of local tax money for public transit service. The alternative funding mechanisms discussed in this report to raise revenue at the local level to offset the cost of providing local transit service are: assessments, issuance of debt, contracting services, and voluntary participation programs. The Southeastern Arkansas Regional Planning Commisssion recommended that the City of Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, and other small cities in the County consider establishing a transit authority for transit services beyond Pine Bluff city limits. A transit authority has broader powers to generate additional funding compared to a transit system that is part of a city government. The study recommends that Pine Bluff Transit look first to programs that improve fare box revenues to meet operating expenses such as contracting with social service agencies to transport their clients. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Local government KW - Pine Bluff (Arkansas) KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Transit authorities KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462027 AU - VIA Metropolitan Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BEXAR COUNTY PARATRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1985/06 SP - 45 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to examine the various paratransit services and the advantages/limitations of providing paratransit service (vis-a-vis line service) in the lower density sections of the VIA service areas. This report defines and categorizes paratransit services and looks at the possible applications in the VIA service area. Three major types of paratransit services are examined: daily and short-term car rental, hail or phone service, and pre-arranged ridesharing service. Illustrations from other parts of the United States and one foreign country (Canada) are examined and documented along with example applications. Carpooling, vanpooling, subscription bus and demand-responsive feeder transit were determined as the most feasible, particularly for the burgeoning low-density areas outside the central city. Subscription bus was determined to have special potential for longer trips and outlying employment centers. A VIA task force has been set up to investigate the implementation of subscription bus service. Close cooperation with the City of San Antonio, namely, with the employer contact program, was recommended. Demand-responsive feeder transit was determined to have wide application in the area. A methodology was developed to determine where demand-responsive service was likely to be successful. The report concludes with a recommendation for a 6-month demand-responsive feeder transit pilot program. KW - Carpools KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Feeder services KW - Paratransit services KW - Regional transportation KW - Rental cars KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458901 AU - Wagner, D W AU - SCHUEFTAN, O AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EMPLOYER INVOLVEMENT IN EMPLOYEE TRANSPORTATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 82 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of a national survey of employers about their employee transportation programs. The objective of the survey was to obtain data on employer-sponsored programs from a national sample of employers. Data collected by the survey were elements, costs and benefits of their employee transportation programs; reasons for and barriers to programs; and potential government incentives for programs. The study is intended for several audiences, including employers, transportation planners, rideshare agencies, and transit authorities. The audiences can use the study findings to understand what kinds of employee transportation programs are operating, why they were implemented, how they are managed, what they cost, and what their perceived benefits are. The report presents conclusions on (1) cost-effectiveness and potential benefits to employers of employee transportation programs, and (2) marketing and policy implications of the survey findings for employee transportation programs. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Charter operations KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Employee participation KW - Employers KW - Marketing KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Subsidies KW - Transit authorities KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455148 AU - BERRY, W B AU - Randolph, D G AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM VOLUME 17-TASKS STATUS AND CONTINUATION RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1985/06 SP - 220 p. AB - This report volume summarizes the accomplishments made by the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program under a grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration to the University of Notre Dame. The CWTT Program is a project to improve transit operations during severe cold, ice and snow environments. This summary covers the work accomplished from September 1983 through December 1984. A complete list of the 17 Volume report produced by the CWTT Program is given in the preface of this report. Volume 17 discusses follow through activities during the winter of 1983-4 and research during the year 1984. The topics covered in this report scan the activities of the original proposed work and work not presented in another of the 17 Volumes of this report. Research work is presented in complete form where full papers were completed. A review of the status of installations still in place and under the supervision of the transit authorities is included in Section 3.0. Section 4.0 presents recommendations for continued work and Section 5.0 presents a listing of reports and papers published during the course of the project and the results of which are contained in the two phase report volume sets (26 Volumes). KW - Cold weather KW - Contact wire KW - Deicing KW - Development KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Excavating equipment KW - Heating KW - Icing KW - Light rail transit KW - Radio frequency KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Scrapers (Construction equipment) KW - Snow removal KW - Switch heaters KW - Switches (Railroads) KW - Third rail KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452518 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DATA COLLECTION DESIGN MANUAL PY - 1985/06 SP - 275 p. AB - This study develops comprehensive, statistically-based data collection programs that will enable transit operators to collect in a cost-effective manner the passenger-related operations data that they need. The various stages of such a collection program from a baseline data collection phase through a plan for monitoring and updating the data are described. Part I, the first 7 chapters, provides a framework for the step-by-step program design procedures which are presented in an instruction/example format in Part II (Chapters 8 and 9). Topics of the Chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. Service-related data needs of typical transit system; 3. Data collection techniques; 4. Overview of the process of designing a data collection program; 5. The competing forces behind a need for sampling; 6. Tables and formulas for determining sample size necessary to achieve a desired accuracy level; 7. Design of sampling plans to meet a given set of sampling requirements; 8. Overall design procedure for a data collection program from the baseline phase through the monitoring and updating; 9. Procedure of scheduling checkers and other data collection activities. KW - Data collection KW - Level of service KW - Origin and destination KW - Passive protection devices KW - Passive restraint systems KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Running time KW - Sampling KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267438 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00475621 AU - Hodges, C C AU - Lane Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - AUTOMATIC PASSENGER COUNTER SYSTEMS: THE STATE OF THE PRACTICE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 157 p. AB - Automatic Passenger Counters (APCs) involve the use of electronic devices or "sensors" to detect transit passenger activity. Data on the number of passengers boarding and alighting (deboarding) the bus and the location of that activity are accumulated and stored in a microprocessor on-board the bus. These data are later transferred (either manually or automatically) to a central, stationary computer for data processing and report generation. Prior to the development of APCs, these tasks were performed exclusively by people. Today, many of the agencies using APCs have limited or discontinued manual data collection activities. This study evaluates the capabilities, costs, and benefits of automated data collection techniques in collecting and analyzing ridership information essential to public transit planning and management. This evaluation presents a broad range of detailed and technical information on APCs which will be a resource for agencies researching alternative data collection techniques. In addition, the discussion on APC system implementation will benefit agencies planning a conversion from manual to automated data collection methods. KW - Automated passenger counters KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Buses KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Microprocessors KW - On board KW - Onboard navigational aids KW - Passenger counting KW - Ridership UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56334/automaticpassen8736lane_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/285898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451504 AU - Puente, S AU - Duffy, J AU - Foerster, J AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS PRE-RUN INSPECTION PROCEDURES PY - 1985/06 SP - 56 p. AB - This report describes bus pre-run inspection programs currently in use at various transit systems within the United States. The information was obtained through mail questionnaire and phone interview surveys. The initial mailout survey solicited general information on bus pre-run inspections. One hundred nineteen questionnaires were mailed and 66 were returned, a 56% response rate. Fifty-seven of the 66 agencies that responded to the mail questionnaires were subsequently interviewed by phone to obtain more specific information regarding the design and operation of pre-run bus inspections. There interviews lasted approximately 20 to 30 minutes. The results of the 2 surveys indicate that there is a great deal of variety in how transit properties have designed and used their pre-run inspection programs. For instance, some agencies have very formal procedures which utilize detailed checklists and a constant level of supervision while other agencies do not have any programs at all. Successful programs have visible support from management; if an agency's management believes in the efficacy of the program, it is much more likely that the inspection program will be undertaken and properly completed. The 2 greatest hindrances to utilizing a pre-run inspection program were found to be a lack of funds to pay for additional personnel time, principally supervisory time, and lack of knowledge about how to operate and enforce inspection programs. The benefits of using pre-run inspection programs include improved vehicle reliability, safer vehicles, and improved maintenance efficiency. It is recommended that transit agencies develop and use pre-run inspection programs in order to improve vehicle reliability and possibly lower overall maintenance costs. If an agency does develop a program, however, it is necessary that management visibly support the program or else inspections are unlikely to be performed properly. KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Inspection KW - Knowledge KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Ost university research KW - Policy KW - Pre-run inspection KW - Surveys KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266700 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451530 AU - Walther, E S AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF DEDICATED FUNDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1985/06 SP - 119 p. AB - The objective of the present research is to examine the origination of financial support programs for public transit which support six systems in five state. The study concentrates attention upon the activities, predominately political, which led to the creation of the support structures. The study attempts to extract common and continuing themes which pervade those processes and isolate them for comment. This report examines by in-depth personal interviews the processes which developed the specific financial support structures found among the case study systems. The origins of the broad intent and the specific requirements of these structures were the primary foci of this examination. This report builds upon and extends the work of two previous UMTA sponsored research projects. The earlier reports examined the process of transit financing from a financial management perspective and developed the legal and institutional structures which provide transit financial support in the areas examined in the present study. The present study adds to the body of knowledge of support structures, knowledge of the development processes which created the existing structures and which can reasonably be expected to influence future modifications or alterations of those structures. KW - Case studies KW - Dedication KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Legislative intent KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Research projects KW - Support systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451531 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS: DIRECT FIXATION FASTENER WORKSHOP PY - 1985/06 SP - 268 p. AB - This report is a collection of papers and discussion transcripts from a workshop on direct fixation fastener systems (DFFS) that are increasingly being used in the construction of modern rail transit systems and system extensions. Preservice testing, specification development and revision, and in-service experience with DFFS are discussed. The preliminary results of field tests are also presented, as well as industry practices and problems, current laboratory procedures, and noise/vibration reduction. KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Direct connection KW - Elastomers KW - Field tests KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Preliminary investigations KW - Rail fasteners KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472781 AU - STV/Management Consultants Group AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ROCKLAND COUNTY BUS FLEET ANALYSIS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 57 p. AB - Commuter bus service between Rockland County, New Jersey, and New York City is operated by two private bus operations--Red and Tan Lines, and Short Line (Hudson Transit Lines). The County commissioned this study to ascertain how existing funding programs might be utilized to reduce the operating and maintenance costs of these private carriers and simultaneously improve passenger comfort to increase and/or retain bus patronage, thereby improving the financial status of the independent private carriers. The purpose of the study was to examine the need for bus replacement for the County's two bus operators over the 1985-1994 period, and to develop a phased replacement and purchase program for the commuter bus fleet serving Rockland County. Two replacement scenarios were examined: one assuming a 15-year bus life, and the other assuming a 12-year bus life. The study also considered 3 possible levels of bus fleet growth to meet future needs: no (zero) growth, 5 to 10 percent growth, and 20 to 30 percent growth. Given a 15-year bus life, the study indicated a potential need to purchase from 72 buses, assuming zero growth, to 119 buses, assuming maximum potential growth. Adopting a 12-year bus life, considered more desirable from the standpoint of reducing maintenance and operating costs, as well as improving fleet reliability and service amenities would increase the requirements to between 80 and 127 buses over the 1985-1994 period. Overall, this report provides: a review of maintenance operations and existing bus fleets of the 2 carriers; population and commutation trends; projection of future bus fleet needs, development of bus fleet replacement program, and Appendices with a vehicle inventory of both operators. KW - Commuter buses KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Planning KW - Population growth KW - Private carriers KW - Private operators KW - Ridership KW - Rockland County (New Jersey) KW - Transit buses KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456268 AU - Southeast Arkansas Regional Planning Commission AU - Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A POINT-TO-POINT ROUTE PY - 1985/06 SP - 19 p. AB - This paper documents the Southeast Regional Planning Commission (SARPC) evaluation of the feasibility of providing point-to-point or fixed-route bus service to the Dollarway area of Pine Bluff, Arkansas. The Dollarway area has a higher percentage of elderly persons than the City as a whole, and the average household income is approximately $2,000 less than the average for the City. In addition, the area has a higher percentage of households without vehicles than the City. SARPC mailed out 532 survey forms to the Dollarway area residents to determine their need/interest in public transportation services. Although the survey response rate was low (15 survey forms returned), SARPC maintains that transit service to the Dollarway area would benefit both the residents and the community. The cost of the proposed transit service to the Dollarway area was estimated to be $245.14 daily or $74,767.70 annually. Overall, the SARPC evaluation study recommends that Pine Bluff provide fixed-route bus service to the Dollarway area on a 6-month trial basis. KW - Aged KW - Arkansas KW - Bus routes KW - Households KW - Low income groups KW - Residential areas KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268324 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452516 AU - McKnight, C E AU - Paaswell, R E AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE POTENTIAL OF PRIVATE SUBSCRIPTION BUS TO REDUCE PUBLIC TRANSIT SUBSIDIES PY - 1985/06 SP - 72 p. AB - While the demand for subscription bus service in the Chicago area is small, it might be used to reduce the peak demand and deficit on some of the commuter railroad lines. Private bus companies would have no difficulty in expanding service if the market were to expand; the major barrier to expansion is the difficulty of matching bus-size loads of potential subscription commuters. The private subscription bus is capable of playing a small but significant role in a transportation network, but a public planning agency should explore the possibilities for marketing in the following steps: (1) Areas most likely to produce public sector saving from promoting subscription bus should be identified; (2) Demographic and marketing studies of these areas should be undertaken to determine how well subscription bus would meet commuter needs; (3) Private operators should be involved in discussions of how best to interface a public marketing program and a private competitive operation of the buses; (4) A promotional matching program should be established or an existing ridesharing program expanded; (5) Commuter railroad schedules should be modified to encourage subscription bus ridership in targeted areas; (6) Careful monitoring and adjustment should assure that rail service changes and the bus program are coordinated and not in competition. KW - Buses KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Coordination KW - Cost control KW - Deficits KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Marketing KW - Ost university research KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Ridership KW - Subscription buses KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468885 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS: DIRECT FIXATION FASTENER WORKSHOP. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/06 SP - 263 p. AB - The report is a collection of papers and discussion transcripts from a workshop on direct fixation fastener systems (DFFSs), which are increasingly being used in the construction of modern rail systems and system extensions. A DFF is defined herein as a device anchored to a concrete lab in tunnels, aerial structures, and atgrade with a thick pad of elastomeric material bonded to a top (and sometimes bottom) metallic plate to which the rail is affixed by means of either bolts or resilient slips. (Author) KW - Direct fixation fasteners KW - Eye fixations KW - Fixation KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Rail fasteners KW - Railroad construction KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455187 AU - Smith, J A AU - TRAYNHAM, E C AU - JENNINGS, K M AU - University of North Florida, Jacksonville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COOPERATIVE INITIATIVES IN TRANSIT LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONSHIPS PY - 1985/06 SP - 158 p. AB - This report is a study of labor-management cooperative activities in the mass transit industry. The research was designed to examine 1) the opportunities and problems cooperative ventures offer; 2) conditions that must be present for successful cooperative interaction; 3) transit management and union accomplishments through cooperation; and 4) solutions and techniques that maximize the potential for successful cooperation in transit labor relationships. A literature review of cooperative ventures between labor and management is provided. In addition, information was obtained from interviews with 67 transit labor and management practitioners at seven selected transit systems. The types of labor-management cooperative activities include employee input programs such as quality circles; safety programs; performance incentive programs; and training programs. Many examples of cooperative programs are provided in this report. In general, this report provides useful insights for practitioners interested in the applicability and development of cooperative activities as an alternative to traditional labor-management adversarial relationships. KW - Case studies KW - Cooperation KW - Incentives KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Management KW - Quality circles KW - Safety KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467982 AU - Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METROPOLITAN TRANSIT IN THE 1980S: AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL CHALLENGE PY - 1985/06 SP - 135 p. AB - This study documents the revenue-cost squeeze currently affecting the nation's transit industry, identifies the major cost factors, and describes federal, state, and local roles in financing present urban transit facilities and services. It also finds that the revenue-cost squeeze can be dealt with in a number of ways: trimming services, increasing productivity, adjusting revenue systems, and encouraging greater private sector participation. To take full advantage of these alternatives for dealing with the fiscal crunch, however, some changes may be needed in the way the nation's transit institutions and intergovernmental relationships are structured. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan areas KW - State government KW - United States KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455185 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BRAKE LINING FOR TRANSIT BUSES--BONDED VS. BOLTED PY - 1985/06 SP - 61 p. AB - This report points out an often cited complaint from urban transit agencies concerning the Advanced Design Bus: the relatively short brake lining life. Despite design improvements made by the equipment supply industry since the introduction of the ADB in 1978, many transit operators and maintenance managers remain dissatisfied with the low mileage between brake relines, especially on ADBs used in downtown service. In order to reduce associated maintenance costs and increase the availability of the vehicles for revenue service, some transit agencies are changing the method of attaching the lining to the brake shoe, using an adhesive bonding process that increases the useable lining thickness by eliminating the need for bolt head space. This report gives an examination of the effectiveness of the use of brake bonding on the ADB. Since the ADB was introduced, short brake lining life has forced operators to perform frequent and expensive relining. The Detroit Department of Transportation, the Southern California Rapid Transit District and other transit agencies have recently used adhesive bonds instead of bolted linings to reline brake shoes. Using data from these transit authorities, the study considers factors of safety and cost-effectiveness on bonded brake shoes on S-cam and wedge-type brake systems. The report points out that if brake relinings are included as one part of a regularly scheduled brake overhaul program, the use of bonded brake linings can extend the interval between brake overhauls and that this is especially true for buses equipped with wedge-type foundation brakes. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Availability KW - Brake linings KW - Brake systems KW - Brakes KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Service life KW - Supply KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268151 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455165 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOUISIANA FERRY SYSTEM EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. VOLUME 2 PY - 1985/06 SP - 256 p. AB - This 3-volume study is a detailed evaluation of nine ferry operations located throughout the State of Louisiana. The nine ferry sites evaluated include five operations on the Mississippi River (Sunshine Ferry, Carville Ferry, Edgard Ferry, New Roads Ferry, and Angola Ferry); one on the Atchafalaya River (Melville Ferry); and one on the Ouachita River (Duty Ferry). The purpose of this study is to develop a concise picture of the immediate needs and long-term direction to be taken at each ferry operation by the Mississippi River Bridge Authority--an operating agency of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development which assumed operating responsibility of the nine ferry crossings in April 1984. Each ferry site is evaluated in terms of current operations, conditions of both east and west bank land side facilities, and vessel conditions. In addition, the report provides projections of vehicle traffic volume to the year 2000 as well as an improvement plan for each site. Both short and long term recommendations and improvements are made for each site in terms of operations, land side facilities, and vessels. Recommendations and improvements plan for each site evaluated in this study are documented in this 3-volume study. Volume 1 contains an evaluation and development plan for five ferry systems--Sunshine, Carville, Edgard, New Road, and Angola ferry systems. Volume 2 contains an evaluation and development plan for four ferry systems--Melville, Cameron, Monkey Island, and Duty ferry systems. KW - Ferries KW - Forecasting KW - Landside capacity KW - Louisiana KW - Operations KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268133 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455179 AU - Heimann, D I AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A RELIABILITY-BASED MODEL TO ANALYZE THE PERFORMANCE AND COST OF A TRANSIT FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM PY - 1985/06 SP - 120 p. AB - The collection of transit system fares has become more sophisticated in recent years, with more flexible structures requiring more sophisticated fare collection equipment to process tickets and admit passengers. However, this new and complex equipment has often been plagued by reliability problems, frequently resulting in significant passenger congestion and delay. Development efforts are underway to improve reliability. It is uncertain, however, to what extent reliability needs to be improved and how much the improvement will cost. Attempting either too small or too large an improvement in equipment reliability or maintainability may waste valuable transit funds, and may not even solve the underlying problem. A way is needed to determine the dependability (i.e., the passenger congestion and delay arising from the system) and cost of a fare collection system, given the passenger demand, the equipment capacity, reliability, and maintainability, and the various system costs. This report discusses fare collection dependability analysis, and how transit systems can use it to make more effective investment decisions in selecting fare collection systems which best fit their needs, minimize costs, and provide effective service to passengers. Software implementing such analysis is available in the form of user-friendly computer models, also described in this report. Various types of analyses are described: evaluation (how well is the given system doing?); and trade-off analysis (what tradeoffs can be made among system values without affecting overall performance?). The simulation and analytical models to carry out fare collection system dependability and cost analysis are presented, including their technical approach and data requirements. Sample fare collection dependability cost analyses using data based on actual transit systems are shown, and results and conclusions are discussed. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Cost control KW - Evaluation KW - Fare collection KW - Maintainability KW - Reliability KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268147 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450492 AU - Curran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UPDATE. MONTACHUSETT REGION PY - 1985/06 SP - 207 p. AB - This final report documents the results of a transit development program (TDP) update plan for the Montachusett region. The analyses and recommendations provided in this update are intended to provide a sound basis for the Montachusett Regional Planning Commission's continuing efforts to promote efficient, effective, and equitable transportation service in the region. Passenger surveys and data analyses were conducted to measure existing and latent demand for transit services. A survey of all social service agencies in the region as well as an analysis of the effectiveness of service for the elderly and handicapped (E&H) residents provided the basis for the development of transit service improvement recommendations for fixed-route bus, paratransit, and comuter rail services. In addition, this project also provided technical assistance for the design of a centralized database management system. Overall, this report documents the major findings of the surveys; describes the directory of E&H services in the region; reviews the major service changes and recommendations proposed for the region; presents documentation of MART management information system needs and options; and outlines the major findings of the 10-year equipment procurement plan. The appendices include additional data on the latent demand for E&H and fixed-route services; bus transfer potential in Fitchburg and Leominster; survey questionnaires; and a directory of special transit services. KW - Aged KW - Development KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Massachusetts KW - Modernization KW - Needs assessment KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266153 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451491 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES TO THE ADOPTION AND USE OF UMTA-SPONSORED INNOVATIONS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/06 SP - 11 p. AB - In a study of UMTA-sponsored innovations, 13 innovations are analyzed to determine their current adoption status, to assess agencies' and organizations' decision-making processes on related adoption and implementation activities, and to recomment ways to promote awareness and accelerate adoption of UMTA-sponsored innovations in general. The key components of innovations that influence their rate of adoption are their complexity, technical requirements, and impacts on transit services and the transit organization. This study also sought the local factors that hinder or enhance the adoption of innovations. A representative sample of innovations was chosen using the following criteria: they had to be well know in transit agency circles; implemented at several locations; funded by UMTA, with a documented history; and possessed of both significant impact and risk. Innovations that had either little risk or benefits, those in the early stages of development, and those that had reached the implementation stage or had been implemented at only one site were excluded. The innovations selected for testing were: Chicago Test Battery, Job Performance Aids (JPA), Transit Employee Training Materials, Run Cutting and Scheduling (RUCUS), Timed Transfer, Transit Malls and Centers, Fare Prepayment, High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and Contra Flow Lanes, Parking Pricing Programs, User Side Subsidy, Taxi Feeder, Ridesharing, and Transportation Brokerage. The innovations fall into three areas of transit operations: system/service management, internal management, and paratransit. The innovations were studied through telephone surveys of the 100 largest urbanized areas in the United States and through 15 selected transit property case studies within these urban areas. The case studies were conducted in Detroit, MI; Seattle, WA; Oklahoma City, OK; Orlando, FL; Fort Wayne, IN; Washington, DC; Milwaukee, WI; Jacksonville, FL; Mobile, AL; Corpus Christi, TX; San Francisco, CA; Denver, CO; Rochester, NY; Bridgeport, CT; and Oxnard, CA. FARE Prepayment Plans was the most commonly adopted innovation and the Taxi Feeder program, the least commonly adopted one. Very few cities had adopted more than 9 or fewer than 2 of the innovations, and 80 percent of the cities had adopted between 8 and 4 innovations. Only one city had not adopted any, and no cities had adopted only 1 innovation. The most critical factor in adoption, implementation, and operation is the perceived availability of funding, especially Federal funding, and the necessary turnaround time for gaining access to these funds. The level of cooperation between city government, other public agencies, the private sector, and the localtransit agency is another important variable. KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Hazards KW - Implementation KW - Incentives KW - Innovation KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Surveys KW - Technology transfer KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451508 AU - Paratransit Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PULASKI COUNTY COORDINATED PARATRANSIT MANUAL AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1985/06 SP - 132 p. AB - This study focuses on the provision of efficient and effective transportation services to elderly and handicapped (E&H) and low income individuals. Transportation service for the E&H and low income individuals within Pulaski County, Arkansas, is conducted by the public transportation system (CAT), a variety of social service organizations, and taxicabs on a shared ride basis. This lack of coordination among providers has led to increased costs and limited service. The objectives of this study are to develop a manual for the coordination of transportation services, develop an implementation plan, and identify the benefits derived from coordinating services. In this report, deficiencies in the current methods of providing such services are identified, and recommendations to reduce operating costs, increase efficiency, and meet changing travel demands are discussed. Study activities included the review and analysis of data regarding the operating characteristics and costs incurred by social service agencies providing services, review of ridership data and patterns, review of common models for the coordination of services to determine their applicability and benefits. Results showed that the development and implementation of a coordinated transportation system for E&H residents would increase efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and level of service. Recommended is the establishment of the Pulaski County Human Services Transportation Consortium for the provision of service to E&H residents. The report discusses the organizatrion's structure, operating and capital cost, implementation plan, and associated benefits, as well as alternatives to a coordinated system. KW - Aged KW - Arkansas KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Level of service KW - Low income groups KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Ridesharing KW - Shared ride KW - Social service agencies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451065 AU - KAMINSKI, A AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CURRENT STATE OF EUROPEAN RAILWAY FIRE SAFETY RESEARCH PY - 1985/06 SP - 80 p. AB - This report describes the recent fire safety research and practical fire experience of the major European railways. It includes a summary of the main causes and characteristics of railway vehicle fires, general approaches to the problem, and existing European fire protection requirements. The report outlines a variety of methods currently used to test and formally approve materials and structural items, including techniques for measuring material properties like smoke emission, ignitability, and surface spread of flame. Full-scale facilities like British Railway's "phoenix" fire test vehicle are described. Detailed drawings for test apparatus and facilities accompany the test. Also included are the formulas used in the classification of materials, as well as the fire safety standards for vehicle construction adopted by individual railrays and the international Office for Research and Experiments (ORE). Finally, the report looks at two recent projects in fire detection technology and resuce procedures, along with several current or projected developmental activities. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Europe KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Protection KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - Smoke KW - Standards KW - Technology KW - Test facilities KW - Tests KW - Toxicity KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451494 AU - Reinke, D AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DISTRIBUTION METHODS IN SACRAMENTO, CA PY - 1985/06 SP - 226 p. AB - This demonstration tested the use of new methods to distribute transit fare prepayment (TFP) instruments at the Sacramento Regional Transit district (RT). Five new distribution methods were implemented to supplement a network of public, private, and school sales outlets: ) mail order, 2) direct telephone order, 3) automatic telephone payment (direct bill paying by telephone), 4) pre-authorized funds transfer from checking accounts, and 5) vending machines that dispense ticket strips. Implementation of the new methods was staged, so that each new method was implemented on top of a growing base program; each method could then be evaluated on its own merit and on the effect of its introduction on the existing distribution system. The costs, benefits, and patronage of each method, as well as the procedures used in its administration, were analyzed. Planning and implementation of the new methods, except for vending machines, proceeded with few problems; the methods are workable, and their users are satisfied with the service. Continuing mechanical problems with the vending machines have made them unreliable, and their use is low. The new methods account for about 3% of RT's total TFP sales. Most users of the new methods had previously purchased TFP instruments through sales outlets. There has been no discernible effect on total patronage on RT. The new methods are less cost-effective than the sales outlets: their operating costs range from 14% to almost 50% of their revenues, while outlet operating costs are less than 3% of their revenues. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Demonstration projects KW - Distribution systems KW - Evaluation KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment KW - Passes KW - Physical distribution KW - Sacramento (California) KW - Ticket vending machines KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266692 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451502 AU - Schreffler, E N AU - Spear, B D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 13 PROJECTS PY - 1985/06 SP - 112 p. AB - This report is a comparative study of 13 transportation brokerage projects evaluated under the auspices of UMTA's Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program. Transportation brokerage is characterized as an orientation toward understanding and accommodating the actual demand for transportation as identified by and for specific target markets. The report has two central aims. First, as a compilation of findings, it provides a single, inclsive reference on the concept of transportation brokerage and some of its specific applications. Second, it attempts to draw together the disparate results from the individual projects to identify generalizable and transferable findings. Several definitional issues (centering around the degree to which the broker directly intervenes in the marketplace) are resolved in the report by defining brokerage as an approach to transportation problem-solving, rather than as an explicit organizational structure or planning process. The 13 projects are then classified into four brokerage types: commuter, elderly and handicapped, decentralized, and integrative. Project impacts are separated into impacts on the intended target markets and on the local institutional environment. Brokerage impacts on target markets ranged from modest improvements in mode split or the structure of service delivery to changes solely in the area of regulatory reform. The impact of the brokerage projects on the institutional environment, however, were possible the greatest determinant of brokerage effectiveness. KW - Brokerage KW - Environment KW - Impacts KW - Institutional issues KW - Marketing KW - Problem solving KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266698 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462901 AU - Cooper, L C AU - Lede, N W AU - Texas Southern University, Houston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE PROGRAM OF THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/05 SP - n.p. AB - This report summarizes the findings of a project which examined the effectiveness of the Disadvantaged Business provisions of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, as amended, which require recipients of Federal transportation funds to establish goals for contracting with women businesses and the disadvantaged businesses. It also assesses the extent to which women-owned businesses are involved in contracting opportunities and analyzes problems and issues impacting the achievement of overall Disadvantaged Business Enterprise/Women Business Enterprise goals. Through candid discussions and interviews with transit operators and contractors in Texas and other Southwestern cities, problems and issues were identified and examined from the perspective of funding recipients and contractors. Major issues treated in the study include: certification; bonding; and the bidding and contracting process. KW - Assessments KW - Contracting KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Females KW - Government funding KW - Minorities KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462880 AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Department of Health and Human Services AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIRST UMTA AND AOA NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/05 SP - 264 p. AB - The conference was held in October 1984. It includes a summary of the conference's sessions and recommendations and selected papers and presentations given at the conference. The papers included cover coordination at the state or local levels, consolidated transportation services, demand responsive services supporting a public operator, user-side subsidies in metropolitan areas, contracting for special services, and use of volunteer services. A few papers deal with financing issues, including Pennsylvania's program to pay for elderly transportation services with lottery proceeds. The report should be especially useful to planners or operators of transportation services for special users. KW - Aged KW - Contracting KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Special user groups KW - State government KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies KW - Volunteers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5580/775a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462831 AU - Ribbens, W B AU - University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCIPIENT FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM STUDY: TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1985/05 SP - 79 p. AB - This technical report presents the results of the first phase of a project intended to detect incipient failure in bus components. This phase of the study has developed methods and instrumentation for measuring engine torque and torque non-uniformity. The next phase will involve collection of data from which a statistical model will be constructed. The statistical model will be used to estimate a time-to-failure for individual components, given the level of degraded performance. This technical report contains details of the theory and methods used to measure degraded performance and the results of a test of the instrumentation in diesel-powered vehicles driven on a chassis dynamometer and on city streets. For a summary of the theory, methods, and results see Incipient Fault Detection System Study: Executive Summary, which is not yet available from NTIS. KW - Buses KW - Detection and identification KW - Detectors KW - Diesel engines KW - Fault location KW - Torque KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274323 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455164 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOUISIANA FERRY SYSTEM EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. VOLUME 1 PY - 1985/05 SP - 234 p. AB - This 3-volume study is a detailed evaluation of nine ferry operations located throughout the State of Louisiana. The nine ferry sites evaluated include five operations on the Mississippi River (Sunshine Ferry, Carville Ferry, Edgard Ferry, New Roads Ferry, and Angola Ferry). The purpose of this study is to develop a concise picture of the immediate needs and long-term direction to be taken at each ferry operation by the Mississippi River Bridge Authority--an operating agency of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development which assumed operating responsibility of the nine ferry crossings in April 1984. Each ferry site is evaluated in terms of current operations, conditions of both east and west bank land side facilities, and vessel conditions. In addition, the report provides projections of vehicle traffic volume to the year 2000 as well as an improvement plan for each site. Both short and long term recommendations and improvements are made for each ferry site in terms of operations, land side facilities, and vessels. Recommendations and improvements plan for each site evaluated in this study are documented in this 3-volume study. Volume 1 contains an evaluation and development plan for five ferry systems--Sunshine, Carville, Edgard, New Road, and Angola ferry systems. Volume 2 contains an evaluation and development plan for four ferry systems--Melville, Cameron, Monkey Island, and Duty ferry systems. KW - Ferries KW - Forecasting KW - Landside capacity KW - Louisiana KW - Operations KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00457337 AU - Retzlaff, J AU - Soucie, K AU - Beimborn, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USE OF MARKET RESEARCH IN PUBLIC TRANSIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/05 SP - 154 p. AB - This document describes the use of market research techniques among transit agencies. In this document, the use of various survey research techniques is examined. The general process of market research is described, and use of the survey (e.g., on-board questionnaires, personal interviews, etc.) as a research tool is discussed. A state-of-the-practice report on survey research techniques used by various transit agencies is made, followed by a portfolio of sample survey forms used by those transit agencies. A total of nineteen sample survey forms are included. These survey forms have been used for user and non-user profiles, user and non-user attitudes, marketing effectiveness and economic impacts. The survey forms include personal interviews, telephone interviews, on-board bus surveys and mail-out forms. KW - Data collection KW - Interviewing KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - State of the art studies KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56648/useofmarketrese8545jeff_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455260 AU - Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT ANALYSIS FOR THE MEDFORD/MARLTON AREA IN BURLINGTON COUNTY, NEW JERSEY PY - 1985/05 SP - 62 p. AB - Imbalance in transportation facilities in the Medford/Marlton area has led to an auto-dependent population, area sprawl, increased energy consumption, and restricted mobility for some auto-disadvantaged segments of the population. In 1984, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission agreed to assist Burlington County in conducting a transit needs study for the area. The Medford/Marlton study area comprises the south central portion of Burlington County and consists of 3 municipalities: Evesham and Medford townships and Medford Lakes Borough. The study area is presently served by NJT Route P which operates over the 22 miles between City Hall in Philadelphia and Settlers' Inn in Medford Lakes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the opportunities for providing transit and/or paratransit service and to identify practical alternatives to the auto for the residents of Evesham and Medford Townships, and for the essential travel needs of the Medford Lakes Borough, especially in areas not served presently by transit. The report discusses current Bus Route P service, existing and projected (1990) travel characteristics of the study area, and describes and evaluates transit and paratransit alternatives for the Medford/Marlton study area. Basically, the service improvements discussed herein fall into three general categories: extension/rerouting of the P bus; provision of Park and Ride lots for the P bus; and provision of additional paratransit services to include municipal shuttles, Section 18 buses, and escort services. Recommendations include improving services for all population groups in the area. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Mobility KW - New Jersey KW - Paratransit services KW - Park and ride KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268188 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455186 AU - Retzlaff, J AU - Soucie, K AU - Beimborn, E AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A GUIDE TO THE USE OF MARKET RESEARCH IN PUBLIC TRANSIT PY - 1985/05 SP - n.p. AB - The purposes of this report are to improve the exchange of information on market research techniques among agencies, which may lead to more effective and efficient market research studies and also to provide an overview of the process of developing and using surveys. The objectives of this report are to: 1) present a summary of the basic elements of market research; 2) present a "state-of the practice" summary of transit agency market surveys; and 3) supply the reader with a portfolio of sample survey forms used by various transit agencies in gathering information. A total of 19 sample survey forms are included. The forms are used for user and non-user profiles, user and non-user attitudes, marketing effectiveness and economic impacts and they include personal interviews, telephone interviews, on-board bus surveys and mail-out forms. KW - Data collection KW - Interviewing KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269288 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455024 AU - EcoPlan International AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TAXI-BASED PARATRANSIT TECHNOLOGY/OPERATIONS PACKAGES IN EUROPE PY - 1985/05 SP - 114 p. AB - TaxiCom describes innovative paratransit technology and operations utilizing computers, microprocessor electronics and digital radio to increase the sophistication and cost effectiveness of dispatching and managing taxicabs. Fourteen such systems exist in Europe. While TaxiCom appears not to differ markedly from conventional taxi service, it does increase the speed and efficiency for normal operations and particularly for the transportation disadvantaged. This report details the new technology which links a central dispatching service to all vehicles by computerization and digital communications. Dispatchers and drivers are relieved of voice communication while customers and available taxis are efficiently matched. The computer can also calculate demand for both fleet planning and allocation of taxis in an area. It can also perform standing account management, route planning for package delivery and ridesharing, and assure substantial utilization for all units slated for service in a given period. Up to five organizations offer consultancy and appropriate hardware and software. First North American application was in Calgary, Alta., in 1984. TaxiCom offers numerous and tangible benefits to virtually all those involved. KW - Communication systems KW - Digital computers KW - Digital systems KW - Dispatching KW - Europe KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Information processing KW - Microprocessors KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Quality of service KW - Radio KW - Ridesharing KW - Routing KW - Taxicabs KW - Technology KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458780 AU - Greve, W R AU - Haberman, D E AU - Lang, R P AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLE CONTROL UNIT DESIGN SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/05 SP - 261 p. AB - The purpose of the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) program was to develop an advanced automated guideway transit system capable of providing high passenger volumes, short waiting times, and high levels of passenger service. The system is the development of a transportation system consisting of small, automated vehicles operating on a single lane guideway at short headways with unmanned, off-line stations. This report documents the design, development and test activity associated with the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) for the AGRT program. The VCU is that part of the AGRT control hierarchy carried onboard a transit vehicle that is responsible for overall vehicle control and safety. The vehicle control function involves implementation of wayside commands conveyed to the vehicle by inductive communications and magnetic vehicle status measurements. The VCU controls longitudinal motion (jerk, acceleration, speed, and position); switching; closed-loop emergency stopping; and vehicle doors. Safety assurance tasks include overspeed protection, emergency removal of tractive effort, door control, status monitoring, fault protection, and system initialization. The VCU is described in detail, including conclusions as well as recommendations. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic control KW - Fail safe KW - Fail safe systems KW - Level of service KW - Microprocessors KW - Protection KW - Protective devices KW - Safety KW - Safety equipment KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle control unit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454896 AU - Mitre Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION CONFERENCE PY - 1985/05 SP - 236 p. AB - This report contains the proceedings of the Self-Service Fare Collection Conference held in May 1983 in Portland, Oregon. The conference highlighted the North American experience with self-service, both in the United States and Canada. Speakers at the conference addressed the numerous aspects of the planning, implementing, and operating of a self-service system and described their experiences and the lessons learned as a result. An overview summarizes the developments that have occurred subsequent to the conference. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Calgary (Canada) KW - Edmonton (Canada) KW - Enforcement KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment KW - Legal factors KW - Light rail transit KW - Marketing KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Productivity KW - San Diego (California) KW - Self-service fare collection KW - Ticket vending machines KW - Ticketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455178 AU - Ketola, H N AU - Lancaster, A AU - Varker, F AU - Budd Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INSTALLATION OF EXISTING LIFT SYSTEMS FOR THE HANDICAPPED ON LIGHT RAIL VEHICLES PY - 1985/05 SP - 226 p. AB - This report documents the results of a three-phase program to install an existing transit bus wheelchair lift system on a Boeing Light Rail Vehicle (LRV). Program activities included a review of lift requirements, evaluation of existing lift systems, analysis of the operational and structural implications of integrating existing or modified bus lift systems into current LRVs, the organization of a technical liaison committee, the selection of an existing lift system for integration into an existing LRV, and the installation of the lift in a test vehicle for operational demonstration. It was concluded that the best lift system for demonstration was the Transilift installed at the forward door. A complete lift assembly was installed on a San Francisco Municipal Railway (MUNI) LRV, which was then subjected to a 4 month non-revenue service test on all 5 of MUNI's light rail lines. A total of 134 field tests were conducted using over 60 different locations with and without volunteer wheelchair users. The lift performed reliably in operational tests including areas of the MUNI system where grades are in excess of 1:12, and on highly crowned streets. KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Evaluation KW - Lifts KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Retrofitting KW - San Francisco Municipal Railway KW - Tests KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268146 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455163 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOUISIANA FERRY SYSTEM EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/05 SP - 10 p. AB - This 3-volume study is a detailed evaluation of nine ferry operations located throughout the State of Louisiana. The nine ferry sites evaluated include five operations on the Mississippi River (Sunshine Ferry, Carville Ferry, Edgard Ferry, New Roads Ferry, and Angola Ferry); one on the Atchafalaya River (Melville Ferry); and one on the Ouachita River (Duty Ferry). The purpose of this study is to develop a concise picture of the immediate needs and long-term direction to be taken at each ferry operation by the Mississippi River Bridge Authority--an operating agency of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development which assumed operating responsibility of the nine ferry crossings in April 1984. Each ferry site is evaluated in terms of current operations, conditions of both east and west bank land side facilities, and vessel conditions. In addition, the report provides projections of vehicle traffic volume to the year 2000 as well as an improvement plan for each site. Both short and long term recommendations and improvements are made for each ferry site in terms of operations, land side facilities, and vessels. Recommendations and improvements plan for each site evaluated in this study are documented in this 3-volume study. Volume 1 contains an evaluation and development plan for five ferry systems--Sunshine, Carville, Edgard, New Road, and Angola ferry systems. Volume 2 contains an evaluation and development plan for four ferry systems--Melville, Cameron, Monkey Island, and Duty ferry systems. KW - Ferries KW - Forecasting KW - Landside capacity KW - Louisiana KW - Operations KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451890 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDESHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: EMPLOYER-BASED RIDESHARE PROMOTION IN ATLANTA, GA PY - 1985/05 SP - 120 p. AB - The Atlanta Ridesharing Demonstration represented an expansion of existing ridesharing promotion activity in the metropolitan Atlanta region. The demonstration used federal funds from several sources, including the National Ridesharing Demonstration Program (a joint program of three U.S. Department of Transportation agencies), the Federal Highway Administration, and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Federal sources accounted for 69 percent of the project budget of $600,520, while state sources accounted for 31 percent. An existing Georgia DOT ridesharing program had been promoting ridesharing through employers, with a focus on employers with more than 1000 employees in one location. The major elements of the demonstration were expansion of ridesharing promotion to: 1) single employers with more than 100 employees at one location; and 2) multi-employer work locations in the Central Business District. The evaluation measured the impact of the demonstration through workplace-based surveys of employers and employees in the Atlanta region. These surveys indicated that the demonstration was successful in reaching the large employers in the region, but that the direct impact of the program on employers' decisions to provide ridesharing could not be determined. Employers most likely to provide employee ridesharing assistance were those with inadequate parking. The employee survey indicated that 17 percent of the region's employees were aware of the ridesharing demonstration. Although it was not possible to determine the direct impact of the demonstration on employee commuting decisions, employers who participated in the program showed higher rates of both ridesharing and transit usage among their employees. Ridesharing employees tended to travel farther to work than non-ridesharing employees and were more likely to be concerned about commuting cost and auto wear. The programs to employers should emphasize direct benefits, such as improved management of scarce parking facilities and improved labor market position through fringe benefits. KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Benefits KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Employee participation KW - Evaluation KW - Paratransit services KW - Promotion KW - Ridesharing KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267008 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451503 AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE OFF-PEAK TICKET INCENTIVE DEMONSTRATION IN SPOKANE, WA PY - 1985/05 SP - 214 p. AB - The City of Spokane began a ticket incentive program in August 1981 as a means of increasing transit ridership during off-peak hours. Each time passengers boarded a bus, they could dispense a ticket which could be exchanged for discounts on goods and services at participating merchants. Discounted specials were advertised in a monthly discount booklet. The program ran for three years beginning in the downtown and expanding to suburban areas. Program hours also eventually expanded beyond the midday. A total of 247 merchants, who had the option of entering and exiting the program each month, participated. Passengers redeemed an average of 7900 tickets for good and services each month. Ridership in the midday increased by 5-12%; however, the possibility of causes other than the Mid-Day Rider Program cannot be ruled out. After May 1983, merchants had to pay for advertising space in the discount booklet. The program was unable to generate sufficient revenues from merchant contracts to run independently and the program was closed July 31, 1984. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Discount KW - Incentives KW - Marketing KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Public transit KW - Tickets KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266699 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471529 AU - Expand Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL TRANSIT MARKETING: SURVEY ANALYSES AND CASE STUDIES OF TRANSIT MARKETING PROGRAMS AND INFORMATION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/04/30 SP - 246 p. AB - Presented are analyses of surveys and case studies which include comparisons between urban and rural systems as well as public and private enterprises. KW - Case studies KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Governments KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419722 AU - Sindzinski, J AU - Shearin, G AU - United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - National ridesharing demonstration program: home end ridesharing in Lincoln, Nebraska PY - 1985/04 IS - UMTA/MA-06-0049-84-9 SP - 64P KW - Car pooling KW - Economics KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Journey to work KW - Modal choice KW - Modal split KW - Modal split KW - Mode choice KW - Ridesharing KW - Transport economics KW - Transport mode KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel behaviour KW - Usa KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187520 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462805 AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PRICING STUDY. PHASE 1 PY - 1985/04 SP - 51 p. AB - The need to review and simplify the complex fare structure of the Metropolitan Transit Commission (MTC) service in the Twin Cities area generated this transit pricing study. MTC's fare structure includes 4 fare zones, peak period and express service charges, downtown fare zone, and special reduced off-peak fares for senior citizens, youth under 18, and those with limited mobility. Monthly passes are issued with 10 different denominations as well as 10 different punch tickets. The purpose of this pricing study is to determine the appropriate fare structure for scheduled MTC service including the base fare, zone fares, express surcharge, peak hour surcharge, and transfers. This report presents a history of the existing fare structure and the rationale for each fare element, along with a review of methods of payment. Based on the study findings and adopted goals, four alternative fare strucutre scenarios are developed for consideration by the Commission. All scenarios call for a common denomination for social fares (senior citizens, under 18, and limited mobility) equal to the special charges (peak period, zone, and express service). Alternatives differ through elimination of various special charges and zone structure changes. The number of fare denominations is reduced from the current 16 to 5, 6, or 7--depending on the alternative. All fares are expressed in terms of a base fare (B) and common increment (I) for the special fares. Monetary values are not assigned to fares in this Phase 1 study. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Fares KW - Minnesota KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Passes KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Umta section 8 KW - Zone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274305 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452527 AU - Steinman, C K AU - National Association of Regional Councils AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN TRANSIT. VOLUME 2: APPENDICES PY - 1985/04 SP - 213 p. AB - To encourage stronger ties between public agencies and the private sector in transit, NARC and UMTA sponsored two conferences in 1984. Business leaders and local government decision makers shared experiences, learning how some metropolitan planning organizations, local governments and transit agencies are working with the private sector in planning and implementing local transit service and investment decisions. The conferences focused upon: (1) Planning and contracting for prrivate provision of transit services; (2) Private financing of transit, including activities such as joint development, renovation of existing transit stations and development of downtown transit malls through special benefit assessment districts; (3) Private-sector involvement in promoting public transit through employer-sponsored programs. Public and private-sector officials from the Twin Cities and Detroit also described how they are implementing new institutional arrangements for transit policy making. Volume II contains 25 case studies covering all areas of this private involvement. KW - Contracting KW - Employers KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Passes KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit stations KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Taxation KW - Vanpools UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56527/publicprivatepa8531chri_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267445 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451476 AU - Steinman, C K AU - National Association of Regional Councils AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN TRANSIT. VOLUME 1: SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1985/04 SP - 39 p. AB - Two conferences cosponsored by the National Association of Regional Councils (NARC) and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) are outlined. Their purpose was to encourage stronger ties between public agencies and the private sector in transit. The conferences' three main topics were: (1) planning and contracting for the private provision of transit services; (2) private financing public transit efforts, including joint development around rail stations, development of new downtown transit malls, special benefit assessment districts, and renovation of subway station sites; and (3) private sector involvement in promotion public transportation through employer-sponsored progams, such as discount transit passes, subscription bus services, ridersharing and vanpooling, parking management, and staggered work hours. The first volume contains summaries of the following: (1) the NARC transportation survey results sent to more than 300 metopolitan planning organizations across the country; (2) key plenary remarks given during both conferences; (3) reports by discussion leaders on key issues and recommendations made during their sessions; (4) executive summary of the case studies presented in conference; and (5) NARC comments and recommendations on ways to facilitate and strengthen public/private transit partnerships based on the conference sessions. The second volume contains case studies discussed during the conference. Of 168 respondents to the MPO survey, 32 percent replied they were involved in delivering fixed route transit services. Forty-five percent either did not know or did not reply on what percentage of their daily ridership was serviced by private operators. Vanpool matching was the most popular private secotr reported by the MPOs, and 67 percent of the MPOs provided the private sector with administative/technical support. On funding of public transit, 67 percent of the MPOs reported that only local, state, and federal funds from grants and/or taxes were being used. On getting the private sector involved in joint public transit financing ventures, 70 percent of the MPOs either did not respond or had no experience in this area. Some of NARC's recommendations on what's needed for joint ventures to succeed follow: (1) private sector must be meaningfully involved in the local planning process before the decisions are made. (2) The private sector should use the data base of its MPO as a marketing tool. (3) Public transportation agencies must provide incentives and eliminate "red tape" to encourage maximum private sector participation. (4) The public sector needs to understand better how the private sector works and must develop negotiating skills to serve the vital intersts of both parties. (5) The public sector must wear its "business suit" in dealing with members of private industry. (6) Private transit prividers should educate public transportation ageicies about ways to make services moe cost-effective. KW - Assessments KW - Associations KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Joint development KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Special assessments KW - Surveys KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266677 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462062 AU - Institute for Urban Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR TRANSIT HANDBOOK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/04 SP - 216 p. AB - This Handbook addresses many of the fundamental financial management issues that the transit industry faces. It developed from a ten-day training course, offered since 1982, which is Financial Management for Transit. The Handbook is aimed at financial managers of small and medium sized transit systems who have not had the advantage of formal training in financial management techniques or those who wish to update themselves in the concepts of transit financial management. The Handbook is composed of ten chapters. Each one addresses a separate financial issue and can be used separately or in conjunction with the others to provide a more complete financial guideline. However, the authors point out that despite the variety of topics, this Handbook is not intended to encompass all of the financial management issues of the transit industry; nor can it completely cover any of the topics that are included. The ten chapters include: Financial Planning Techniques for Transit; Accounting Fundamentals; Budgeting; Cash Control; Inventory Management; Risk Management; Cash Management; Debt Financing; Capital Expenses; and Automation. The Appendixes are: Appendix A: Debt Mechanisms and Appendix B: Microcomputer Application Examples. KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Handbooks KW - Management KW - Public transit KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/fmt.html UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56405/financialmanage8610inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273936 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399788 AU - Atherton, T J AU - Loudon, W R AU - Walb, C A AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MARKETING: A PROGRAM OF RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATION AND COMMUNICATION PY - 1985/04 SP - 72 p. AB - This report recommends a five-year program of research, demonstration, and communication to improve the effectiveness of marketing practice in the U.S. transit industry. The program is oriented toward the development of improved market research tools, strategic planning, marketing techniques, and evaluation methods. It consists of two phases. The first phase encompasses research and development. The second phase involves the deployment of prototypical marketing programs, based on the results of the research program. Training and information dissemination are also included in the second phase to help translate research and development activities into better marketing practice at the local level. This is the second report resulting from a review of current practice in transit marketing. An assessment of current activities is presented in Transit Marketing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and a Handbook of Current Practice. KW - Development KW - Evaluation KW - Fungi KW - Fungicides KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Pesticides KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Training KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215018 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455259 AU - MIKAMI, K AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER'S GUIDE TO THE CTPS REGIONAL TRANSIT NETWORK. CTPS TECHNICAL REPORT 49 PY - 1985/04 SP - 117 p. AB - This manual presents a computer-processible inventory of Eastern Massachusetts transit services. The comprehensive inventory includes five transit modes: commuter rail, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) rail rapid transit, MBTA local bus and trackless trolley, private local bus, and express bus. The network also includes a walk link, an auto-penalty link, and an auto-access link. The inventory is compatible with the Urban Transportation Planning System (UTPS) program package of the U.S. Department of Transportation (UMTA and FHWA). This manual also presents detailed descriptions of the inventory of transit service, the basic traffic-zone structure for Eastern Massachusetts, the highway network structure, and other required data. The procedure for putting these base data into the machine-processible format is discussed in detail. Typical examples of network analysis are discussed. The coding forms used to develop the computer-processible data are shown in the appendix along with other computer programs developed to aid in the processing of the raw data into the desired format. The nature of the transit inventory and the philosophy behind the network model are discussed in detail. This transit network, as a computer-processible transit data set for the Eastern Massachusetts region, is a viable basic tool already being used in numerous studies. Improvements to this tool are needed and should be developed in the course of using it. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Computer programs KW - Light rail transit KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268187 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455173 AU - Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: IDENTIFYING AREAS OF NEED STUDY PY - 1985/04 SP - 70 p. AB - The Hidalgo County Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) assigns the Lower Rio Grand Valley Development Council (LRGVDC) the task of preparing transportation related technical studies for the area. The study area includes seven cities: Alamo, Edinburg, Hidalgo, McAllen, Mission, Pharr, and San Juan. This technical studies report identifies the areas of need within the McAllen-Pharr-Edinburg area of the LRGVDC region. The study tasks included: identifying and documenting persons in need of transportation service; emphasizing and planning for the coordination of transportation services; and documenting study results. The areas surveyed in this report reveal that: Hispanics are the dominant race in need of public transportation; a need for service exists between the hours of 8 am and 6 pm; handicapped persons are in need of services; close to 50 percent of the households with transportation needs have no vehicles or without a vehicle during the day; over 50 percent are clients of social service agencies and very little social service transportation service is available to them; and service is needed more on a daily and weekly basis for work, shopping, medical, and welfare trips. KW - Coordination KW - Medical services KW - Minorities KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional planning KW - Shopping KW - Social service agencies KW - Texas KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268141 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455174 AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTH SHORE BUS STUDY. CTPS TECHNICAL REPORT 52 PY - 1985/04 SP - 67 p. AB - This report presents the methods, findings, and recommendations of a bus transit study in the South Shore corridor of the Boston metropolitan area. The study goal was to develop recommendations for improving MBTA bus service in the South Shore corridor without increasing net costs to the MBTA. The recommendations consist of measures for achieving the following objectives ridership per unit of service, improving passenger travel time, improving passenger comfort and convenience, and serving demonstrated latent transit demand. The study area consisted of 16 communities located south and southeast of Boston as well as the southern fringe of Boston. Sixteen MBTA local bus routes and 2 MBTA express routes (all 18 have at least one Red Line connection) were analyzed along with latent demand for additional bus routes and privately operated bus service. (MBTA South Shore bus routes serve both as feeders to the Red Line and as a local transportation system.) Three major data sources for analyzing existing MBTA bus routes were boarding and alighting counts; an onboard survey; and the U.S. Census. Basically, this report provides background information on the study area; route-level analysis of MBTA service; and the results of system level analyses. The companion report, the Appendices, contain detailed descriptions and analyses of each of the 18 MBTA bus routes (Appendix A); Summary of Study Area Transit History (B); Boarding Performance Measures (C); Analysis of Pulse System for Evening and Sunday Service (D); Analysis of Evening Service Headway Lengthening (E); Systemwide Comparisons (F); Onboard Survey Findings (G); Trip Level Data (H); Sunday Service (I); and Public Meetings (J). KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Feeder buses KW - Marketing KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268142 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455172 AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STRATEGIC PLAN FOR GREATER PORTLAND TRANSIT DISTRICT-METRO PY - 1985/04 SP - 59 p. AB - The transit situation in the Portland (Maine) metropolitan area has not been unlike that in many small cities. Future funding uncertainties, rise in operating costs, and other factors moved METRO to undertake this strategic planning effort so as to clearly define its goals and directions for the coming years. This report documents a series of recommendations concerning directions METRO should pursue and the policy statements that should be issued in moving toward the future. The Strategic Plan resulted from a strategic planning process that involved a series of meetings and workshops with METRO Board members, staff, and other regional officials and consultants. Recommendations are designed to guide the METRO Board and key local officials in making decisions on both specific strategic issues and general policy questions facing METRO. The Plan is definitive yet flexible enough to be reviewed and modified as appropriate. General policy issues addressed in this Plan include: 1) METRO's overall purpose; 2) subsidy levels and distribution of funds; 3) operating cost containment; 4) marketing and public relations. The strategic issues addressed are: 1) accessibility to the handicapped; 2) school service; 3) service expansion/revision; 4) charter service; 5) service to other companies (maintenance, fuel, bus washing); and 6) park and ride lots and ridesharing. The report states that if METRO intends to continue to meet the basic transportation needs of Portland and Westbrook residents, the Board and management should carefully consider all of the recommendations produced through this strategic planning study. KW - Contracting KW - Cost control KW - Marketing KW - Park and ride KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Portland (Maine) KW - Regional planning KW - Small cities KW - Strategic planning KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268140 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455175 AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTH SHORE BUS STUDY. CTPS TECHNICAL REPORT 52. APPENDICES PY - 1985/04 SP - 250 p. AB - This report presents the methods, findings, and recommendations of a bus transit study in the South Shore corridor of the Boston metropolitan area. The study goal was to develop recommendations for improving MBTA bus service in the South Shore corridor without increasing net costs to the MBTA. The recommendations consist of measures for achieving the following objectives: increasing ridership per unit of service, improving passenger travel time, improving passenger comfort and convenience, and serving demonstrated latent transit demand. The study area consisted of 16 communities located south and southeast of Boston as well as the southern fringe of Boston. Sixteen MBTA local bus routes and 2 MBTA express routes (all 18 have at least one Red Line connection) were analyzed along with latent demand for additional bus routes and privately operated bus service. (MBTA South Shore bus routes serve both as feeders to the Red Line and as a local transportation system.) Three major data sources for analyzing existing MBTA bus route were boarding and alighting counts; an onboard survey; and the U.S. Census. Basically, this report provides background information on the study area; route-level analysis of MBTA service; and the results of system level analyses. The companion report, the Appendices, contain detailed descriptions and analyses of each of the 18 MBTA bus routes (Appendix A); Summary of Study Area Transit History (B); Boarding Performance Measures (C); Analysis of Pulse System for Evening and Sunday Service (D); Analysis of Evening Service Headway Lengthening (E); Systemwide Comparisons (F); Onboard Survey Findings (G); Trip Level Data (H); Sunday Service (I); and Public Meetings (J). KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Feeder buses KW - Headways KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Timed transfer KW - Transferring KW - Transfers KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268143 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455169 AU - Greater Bridgeport Reg Plng Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERDISTRICT BUS SERVICE STUDY PY - 1985/04 SP - 142 p. AB - Historically there has been only limited coordination of service among the 5 independent transit districts in southwestern Connecticut. Each transit district is governed by its own board of directors and conducts its operations totally independent of the others. The purpose of this study is 1) to investigate the constraints to interdistrict transit services (administrative, financial, etc.), and 2) to evaluate possible service destinations and suggest routings to these sites, if warranted. This report provides a description of the 5 transit districts in southwestern Connecticut (Greater Bridgeport, Milford, Norwalk, Valley, and Westport) and the 2 regional planning agencies (Greater Bridgeport and Valley Regional Planning Agencies) participating in this project. The study investigates the possibilities of interconnecting services by examining the regulations, establishment, and operations of the transit districts. (Some routes pre-dated the establishment of the transit districts.) The report provides a list of potential destinations and sites for interdistrict services. A 4-phased program of administrative and operational improvements is recommended to improve transit services in southwestern Connecticut. KW - Administration KW - Connecticut KW - Coordination KW - Financing KW - Institutional issues KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Regional planning KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268137 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468020 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. REPORT NO. 4: PLAN FOR UPGRADING EXISTING MAINTENANCE MANUALS. TASK NO. VII PY - 1985/04 SP - 39 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. Overall, manuals of all 3 departments showed enough weaknesses to warrant a program of improvement. The study appears to favor manuals prepared in-house as more usable than those furnished by equipment suppliers. KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468021 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. REPORT NO. 5: PLAN FOR ACQUIRING EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE MANUALS WITH NEW EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENTS. TASK NO. VII PY - 1985/04 SP - 57 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. This Report No. 5 presents a plan to upgrade the technical documentation for new railcar purchases, with special emphasis on applying the Manual Specification (Report No. 3). Specific emphasis on maintenance manuals. KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279240 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468022 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. FINAL REPORT. PROJECT C-660. REVISION PY - 1985/04 SP - 20 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. Overall, manuals of all 3 departments showed enough weaknesses to warrant a program of improvement. The study appears to favor manuals prepared in-house as more usable than those furnished by equipment suppliers. KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279241 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452524 AU - Wyatt, E AU - Smerk, G AU - Institute for Urban Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: A NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION HANDBOOK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/04 SP - 90 p. AB - The handbook introduces the management and staff of small to medium sized transit operations to the problems of implementation of a microcomputer system. It presents a practical step-by-step process for introducing microcomputers to staff members and dealing with the technology and the implementation problem. This handbook is the third in a series and should be used as a companion document to Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook and Microcomputers in Transit: A Hardware Handbook. KW - Computer programs KW - Handbooks KW - Implementation KW - Management KW - Microcomputers KW - Small cities KW - Software KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463461 AU - Morris, R J AU - Fratessa, C AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FARE AND SERVICE DEMONSTRATION IN VANCOUVER, WA. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/04 SP - n.p. AB - At the time of the demonstration project described in this report, Clark County and the City of Vancouver, Washington were linked to Portland, Oregon by a single highway route, Interstate 5, which crossed the Columbia River on the only highway bridge within a 40-mile radius. Traffic congestion on the bridge and in the I-5 corridor had grown to severe proportions and had been under study since 1974 by several agencies including the Columbia Region Association of Governments. An application for an UMTA grant to help finance the transit improvements was initiated by the City of Vancouver, and approval of the grant was obtained in October 1978. Pre-demonstration planning included a market research program which investigated travel patterns in Clark County and residents' attitudes towards transit. Based on the results of this study, transit capacity was increased on the main I-5 corridor transit line, suburban feeder route extensions and park-and-ride lots were added, an express route was instituted, and fares were subsequently reduced on the express route. Transit ridership increased on the main corridor transit route over what would have been expected without the service increase. Two routes in the Oregon portion of the corridor, which were considered control routes, had generally flat or reduced ridership over this period. Two general fare increases, which were not part of the demonstration, constrained transit ridership growth. The two suburban route extensions met with limited success. The revenue recovery on these two routes was close to the Vancouver local service norm of 11 percent. The express route, which was offered for a premium fare, did better especially after the premium fare was reduced part way through the demonstration. A further fare reduction after the demonstration ended also increased ridership, indicating that price was a major factor affecting demand for the express service. The effect of the demonstration on traffic congestion was minimal. Peak hour traffic showed almost no variation during the demonstration. An increase in average automobile occupancy, primarily as a consequence of higher gasoline prices, affected the number of automobile trips more than the transit improvements. KW - Demonstration projects KW - Express service KW - Fare reduction KW - Fares KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transit services KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275732 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455184 AU - Dempkowski, C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC BRAKE SLACK ADJUSTERS ON TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1985/04 SP - 38 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide transit bus agencies with current information on automatic brake slack adjusters. Rather than a comprehensive statistical survey, this report is intended to provide an overview of the states of automatic slack adjusters in the transit industry. It documents an investigation of current transit experiences with automatic slack adjusters in order to establish the potential range of maintenance cost savings associated with this equipment. Brake slack adjusters are mechanical devices which operate automatically or manually and are used to control the distance the brake shoes must travel before the brake linings contact the brake drums. The scope of this report includes information on use, problems, benefits and costs of automatic slack adjusters have been sold to over 90 transit agencies across the United States and are currently in use on 15 percent of all U.S. transit buses. Of the 22 transit agencies contacted (each reported to have over 100 buses with automatic slack adjusters), one third reported that they had reduced their brake maintenance costs by using automatic slack adjusters. An outer bound estimate of cost saving based on manufacturer supplied data was calculated to be $440.00 per bus per year. This report indicates that the safety implications of automatic of automatic slack adjusters on transit buses may be a topic for further investigation and that another topic which may be of interest for future work would be the effect of automatic slack adjusters on brake lining, road calls and defect report. KW - Availability KW - Brake systems KW - Brakes KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cost control KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Safety KW - Slack adjustment KW - Supply KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268150 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455183 AU - Horowitz, A J AU - University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT RIDERSHIP FORECASTING MODEL: REFERENCE MANUAL PY - 1985/04 SP - n.p. AB - This document contains the theory and method of operation for the Transit Ridership Forecasting Model (TRFM). TRFM is a fully interactive, color graphics program that aids estimation of ridership on single transit routes. It is based on the four-step procedure for ridership forecasting (trip generation, trip distribution, mode split and trip assignment). TRFM runs on the Apple II series of microcomputers. Sections of this document are devoted to data input procedures, representation of transit routes as networks, advanced methods of analyzing transit routes and the various algorithms in the model. This document also provides guidelines to the experienced programmer who may wish to modify or enhance TRFM for specialized purposes. KW - Bus routes KW - Computer programs KW - Forecasting KW - Microcomputers KW - Modal split KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - Ridership KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269287 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451514 AU - Smith, M O AU - Alford, R L AU - Norfolk State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EQUITY & SENSITIVITY: ELEMENTS TO IMPROVE RIDERSHIP AND MARKETING FOR LOW INCOME CITIZENS PY - 1985/04 SP - 94 p. AB - The general objective of this project was to review, examine, and assess the services, practices, and operations of the Tidewater Regional Transit (TRT) system as they relate to inner-city dwellers who depend heavily on public transportation as a means of mobility and accessibility. Additionally, the research team collected demographic data and generated cognitive and affective information which were used to promote equity among the rideship by developing models which address the specialized needs and sensitivities of the inner-city ridership. The report points out that the urban areas of Tidewater, Virginia have a large population of citizens with specialized needs and problems. These groups may be generally characterized as persons with low and/or fixed incomes who do not have the resources to own and maintain private modes of transportation. As a result, they depend heavily on public transportation and use a large amount of their incomes for transportation. Since these populations compose a large segment of the TRT ridership and have many specialized problems, this study discusses the feasibility of developing marketing models and services which will address their needs. In order to achieve the objective, an instrument was designed, field tested, and implemented that generated data relative to the attitudes and self-perception of inner-city ridership and a comprehensive review was conducted of the regular and special transit services which are offered to inner-city low-income riders. The impact of increased suburan routing and its relationship to the quality of services for urban dwellers was investigated and simple instructional modules were developed whith would increase the bus driver's ability to deal sensitively with and/or assist elderly, handicapped, and intoxicated riders. Information tools and techniques were designed and developed to aid riders in becoming more cooperative and tolerant with TRT and its drivers. Finally, a set of recommendations were developed to assist TRT in creating mini-services which will allow elderly and handicapped persons to meet more of their needs. KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Driver training KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Inner cities KW - Low income groups KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Sensitivity KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Virginia UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266709 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451479 AU - Sindzinski, J AU - Shearin, G AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL RIDERSHARING DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: HOME-END RIDESHARING IN LINCOLN, NE PY - 1985/04 SP - 64 p. AB - Between May 1980 and July 1980, the City of Lincoln, Nebraska conducted a Home-End Ridesharing Demonstration Project to assist residents of three neighborhoods to travel by means other than single-occupancy vehicles. This report presents the findings of the evaluation of the project. The critical issues examined in the evaluation are whether the demonstration project assisted people in finding alterntive means of travel and whether, as a result of the demonstration, residents made more of their trips by alternative means. Another important idea tested in Lincoln was whether personal attention had any impact on changing people's methods of travel. KW - Assistance programs KW - Competition KW - Demonstration projects KW - Grant aid KW - Nebraska KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation modes KW - Trip distribution KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266678 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451513 AU - O'Toole, D E AU - Marshall, J AU - Portland State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING TRANSIT AGENCY COMPREHENSIVE TRAINING PLANS PY - 1985/04 SP - v.p. AB - This report addresses a project whose goals were to create, use, and disseminate information on a process for developing transit agency comprehensive training plans (i.e., plans that contain the training needs for all positions in an organization). The report considers the following: The importance of agency training plans and the need for an appropriate process to produce one. Information on the project that was undertaken to design and use an appropriate transit agency training plan process. The design, components of, and rationale for the training plan process selected for this project. Application of the selected training plan process to three Pacific Northwest transit agencies and the results this produced. The utility of the selected training plan process for transit agencies. The attempt to disseminate information on the training plan process to transit managers throughout the United States. The findings suggest that this training plan process is a highly useful tool for designing, implementing, and managing a transit agency's comprehensive training program. KW - Comprehensive planning KW - Curricula KW - Oregon KW - Ost university research KW - Planning KW - Process variables KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269194 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399789 AU - Walb, C A AU - Loudon, W R AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MARKETING: A REVIEW OF THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND A HANDBOOK OF CURRENT PRACTICE PY - 1985/04 SP - 144 p. AB - Over the past decade, marketing has been given increased emphasis as a way to improve both transit rideship and productivity. While there is near universal agreement among transit managers that some level of marketing is necessary, there is far from consensus on that an appropriate level might be, or on how marketing should be defined. This review provides an overview of current practice in transit marketing. The report is the product of interviews with marketing directors of 25 transit agencies and a review of prior research reports and trade publications. It includes a discussion of the role of transit marketing and describes a framework for a comprehensive approach to marketing in the transit industry. Where possible, the review presents an assessment of current practice. Additional detail and examples of recent marketing activities ar individual transit agencies are provided in the Appendix, "A Handbook of Current Practice." KW - Handbooks KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Marketing KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455258 AU - Humphrey, T J AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHORT-RANGE COMMUTER RAIL ALTERNATIVES ON THE SOUTH SHORE. CTPS TECHNICAL REPORT 51 PY - 1985/03 SP - 179 p. AB - Improvements in public transportation service to Boston from the South Shore and Southeastern Massachusetts as a whole are being sought, both for near term relief of auto travel disruption anticipated from highway reconstruction and for long term travel needs. This report examines the existing South Shore/Southeastern Massachusetts services and evaluates possible improvements. It presents the results of analyses of potential short range improvements in public transportation between the South Shore and Boston. The main emphasis is on commuter rail shuttle service to the Red Line on former Old Colony routes. Other alternatives examined include through South Shore-Boston rail service, extensions of existing commuter rail lines, and improvements in express bus, feeder bus, and commuter boat service. The report includes operating and capital cost estimates, travel time and fare comparisons, and demand and revenue projections. Institutional constraints and Red Line capacity issues are also examined. Descriptions and operating histories of South Shore commuter rail and currently operating modes are provided. KW - Competition KW - Feeder services KW - Massachusetts KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268186 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00634146 AU - Alsthom Atlantique-ACB TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM EQUIPMENT TEST SERIES PY - 1985/03 SP - v.p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program was designed to test the feasibility of operating such a system in an urban setting. Completed phases of the program include feasibility studies; AWS design and development; site investigation and selection and site engineering design; AWS factory testing of the "TRAX" equipment and factory user testing. This report describes the "TRAX" unit used in the equipment functional tests performed in the factory of the manufacturer in Nantes, France in 1983/84. The equipment tests are evaluated in terms of safety code compliance, fault tree analysis, maintenance schedules, reliability analysis, environmental impacts, maintainability index, availability and projected operating cost. KW - Coding systems KW - Demonstration prject KW - Demonstration projects KW - Equipment design KW - Feasibility analysis KW - France KW - Maintainability KW - Operating costs KW - People movers KW - Reliability KW - Technology KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/375539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458884 AU - Brosch, G AU - Bober, A AU - Goodman, B AU - Liske, K AU - PARKER, J AU - Zukoski, H AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NON-FEDERAL FUNDING FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS: STATE-OF-THE-ART CASE STUDIES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 363 p. AB - Funding for transit, both new capital investments and continuing operations, is in the midst of tremendous change guided by new public policy and financial realities. In particular, because of the rapidly escalating cost of items such as construction and labor, the price tag on current and future transit projects has generated government-directed and market-directed decisions to seek alternatives to traditional Federal government subsidization. This report explores examples of projects or elements of projects supported primarily through non-Federal funding. These examples cover seven different funding mechanisms, and they include examinations of both the successful elements of the financing methods and discussions of the obstacles encountered. They are presented in the form of case studies. The benefit of which should be as learning experiences to those planning transit projects which will utilize non-Federal funding. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Construction KW - Construction costs KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Government funding KW - Joint development KW - Labor costs KW - Public policy KW - Public transit KW - Sales tax KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation KW - Turnkey systems KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272750 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396407 AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION PLANNING: REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES PY - 1985/03 SP - 255 p. AB - Concern about the magnitude of investment required to restore and maintain rail systems in a state of good repair generated this UMTA-sponsored Rail Modernization Planning Study. The study's purpose was to provide technical guidance to rail transit planners to help assure that funding for rail modernization is utilized in the most effective manner. The report serves as a good source of information dissemination by sharing the experiences of local planners. A Review Panel provided input and review throughout the study and facilitated the collection of information through site visits and documentation. Case studies of rail systems, planning organizational relationships, and planning processes and techniques were conducted for the most significant rail agencies in New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Boston, and Cleveland. This report is a detailed review of the current planning processes and techniques being utilized by a large cross section of the nation's rail transit systems. Sections 1-3 of this report describe the background, objectives, and approach used in this study as well as current rail modernization planning requirements. Section 4 summarizes the case study results and includes site visits, interviews, and review of documentation. Section 5 presents a case study of Philadelphis's Frankford Elevated Alternatives Analysis and exemplifies tha application of this evaluation process to a rail modernization situation. Section 6 discusses the rail modernization planning environment, and options for future UMTA technical assistance are discussed in Section 7. Several appendices are attached with details on rail modernization planning techniques being employed at the local level. KW - Budgeting KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance of way KW - Maintenance practices KW - Modernization KW - Planning KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452519 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A RURAL TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR ST. CHARLES PARISH: RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1985/03 SP - 95 p. AB - The westward growth of the New Orleans metropolitan area was documented on June 30, 1983, when the Bureau of the Census added St. Charles Parish to the New Orleans Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1980, St. Charles showed a population increase of 26 percent (against 1970 census). Although still rural in nature, significant changes have taken place--increased urbanization, industrial plant growth, and the development of high-income subdivisions--that generated the need to reassess the potential for intra-parish transit service. St. Charles Parish has never had any mass transportation except for a few daily buses and trains passing through on their way to New Orleans. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential for a transit system in St. Charles Parish. The challenge is to design a transit system that would be successful in an area characterized by the overwhelming dominance of the automobile, low population density, and multiple major traffic attractors. This report examines the current transportation systems operating in St. Charles and the results of a survey of the residents' attitudes regarding the potential use of transit service. The selected alternative transportation system recommended and discussed in this report is a demand-responsive service with radio-dispatched vehicles operating in several zones with timed transfers. In addition, operational details are developed, and funding and marketing are discussed. A phased implementation plan for the system is suggested. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Dispatching KW - Economic development KW - Louisiana KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Rural areas KW - Timed transfer KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urbanization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455140 AU - Kyte, M AU - Stoner, J AU - Cryer, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TIME SERIES BASED TRANSIT PATRONAGE MODELS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/03 SP - 6 p. AB - This document is a summary of research addressing the use of time series models to both evaluate service and fare policy changes by public transit operators, and forecast transit system ridership at the route, service, and system level. The data used in model development and testing is from Portland, Oregon and covers the period 1971 through 1982. Models are developed at the system, sector and route levels, and are used to assess the impacts of past changes in service level and fare, as well as to forecast future transit patronage. The statistical approach used was developed by Box and Jenkins for time-series data and is therefore more appropriate and powerful than the more traditional regression analysis. Of particular interest is the identification of the lag structures and functional forms that constitute the relationships between transit ridership, level of service, travel costs, and market size. KW - Computer programs KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ost university research KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Ridership KW - Time series analysis KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455119 AU - CIC Research, Incorporated AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAN DIEGO REGION TRANSIT MARKETING SEGMENTATION STUDY PY - 1985/03 SP - 161 p. AB - San Diego's major public transportation organizations fostered a study to determine how to increase transit ridership by identifying and segmenting new transit markets, particularly those which might be penetrated by minor transit improvements. Onboard surveys of 1,004 riders and telephone interviews with 3,009 non-riding households were conducted. Most existing transit riders do not own an automobile or one is not available to them when they need to travel. The remaining 18%, although having alternative transportation, have chosen voluntarily to use transit. Median income for transit riders is only 60% that of non-riders. Transit users tend to be renters and generally are younger than on-riders. Even though 82% of transit users have no alternative, they generally report satisfaction with transit and would only want more service in evenings and on weekends. Ex-riders were generally not dissatisfied with transit but had changed because another form of transportation had become available to them. Although only 14% of non-riders initially indicated that they would not use transit under any circumstances, the transit requirements that would make users out of many others were so unrealistic that the actual figure exceeds 50%. Still others stated they would be even occasional users only if transit offered the same convenience their autos now give. The real market was then identified as further penetration of groups matching the profile of existing users with particular attention to students, elderly and domestic workers. Final recommendations are made on the media and types of programs that are most promising for these markets. Marketing of fare books is also suggested, along with an active public relations program to enhance a favorable attitude towards public transit by the total market. KW - Advertising KW - Automobile ownership KW - Demographics KW - Marketing KW - Passes KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - San Diego (California) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268109 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455141 AU - Kyte, M AU - Stoner, J AU - Cryer, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-SERIES BASED TRANSIT PATRONAGE MODELS. VOLUME I-MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR EVALUATING SERVICE LEVEL AND FARE STRATEGIES PY - 1985/03 SP - 91 p. AB - This report describes the development and application of a methodology to identify and analyze the factors that influence changes in public transit ridership. The data used in model development and testing is from Portland, Oregon and covers the period 1971 through 1982. Models are developed at the system, sector, and route levels, and are used to assess the impacts of past changes in service level and fares, as well as to forecast future transit patronage. The statistical approach used was developed by Box and Jenkins for time-series data and is therefore more appropriate and powerful than the more traditional regression analysis. Of particular interest is the identification of the lag structures and functional forms that constitute the relationships between transit ridership, level of service, travel costs, and market size. KW - Fares KW - Forecasting KW - Influence factors KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ost university research KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Telephone influence factors KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455142 AU - Kyte, M AU - Stoner, J AU - Cryer, J AU - University of Iowa, Iowa City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-SERIES BASED TRANSIT PATRONAGE MODELS. VOLUME II-HANDBOOK FOR APPLYING TIME SERIES MODELS TO TRANSIT RIDERSHIP FORECASTS PY - 1985/03 SP - 93 p. AB - This report describes the statistical procedures for applying Box-Jenkins time-series models to the forecasting of transit ridership. Techniques are described for: 1) generating data sets having appropriate characteristics for time-series analysis; 2) evaluating the data for appropriate model forms; 3) estimating parameters for the model; and 4) applications of the model to forecasting and evaluation of previous changes in transit level of service or fare policy. It also addresses the following topics: why time-series analysis represents a needed improvement over standard regression models; the techniques for identifying, estimating, and checking time-series models; the three basic kinds of time-series models (Univariate Models, Transfer Function Models and Intervention Models); and how to prepare forecasts using these models. KW - Applications KW - Forecasting KW - Ost university research KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Time series analysis KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463459 AU - Curry, D AU - Martin, A AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF LOS ANGELES PARKING MANAGEMENT ORDINANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/03 SP - 43 p. AB - The Los Angeles parking management ordinance was adopted in April 1983, as a result of a federally-sponsored parking study conducted by the city in 1980-81. Under the provisions of the ordinance, also referred to as TSM (transportation systems management) or ridesharing ordinances, developers can reduce code-required parking in exchange for guarantees that commute alternatives will be implemented at the development site. The ordinances attempt to leverage privately-sponsored TSM improvements by using the city's powers to review and conditionally approve development plans. If a bargain can be struck between the city and the developer, and adhered to, the property owner can reduce building costs and the public can gain the benefits of less traffic and better air quality. The features of the adopted ordinance were: (1) utilizing conditional use permits to authorize a variance to the code required parking, (2) offering 25-40 percent reductions in parking requirements dependent on the parking management plan submitted, (3) requiring the land owner to set aside enough land to accommodate future parking needs resulting from clear non-compliance, and (4) requiring the owner to record a covenant running with the land (as opposed to the owner) that additional parking will be built if agreed-upon levels of compliance are not reached. Since its enactment no one has opted to use the ordinance. Possible reasons for non-use include: (1) the low level of minimum parking already required at the time, (2) fear by lenders that significantly reduced parking would lessen the marketability of the property, (3) lack of familiarity with the ordinance by developers, and (4) the restrictive provisions of the ordinance protecting the city, especially the requirement to maintain specified compliance levels or develop additional parking spaces on set-aside land. KW - Developers KW - Financial leverage KW - Governments KW - Legislation KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Ordinances KW - Parking KW - Parking regulations KW - Private enterprise KW - Ridesharing KW - Set asides KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274788 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455168 AU - Alsthom Atlantique-ACB AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PHASE 3-PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1985/03 SP - 56 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program was designed to test the feasibility of operating such a system in an urban setting. Completed phases of the program include feasibility studies; AWS design and development; site investigation and selection and site engineering design; AWS factory testing of the "TRAX" equipment and factory user testing. This report presents a program implementation plan for the manufacturing, delivery, installation, and testing of a standard "TRAX" Accelerating Walkway System at a site in the U.S. A detailed description and schedule of the plan is provided including the shakedown and test procedures before public operation begins. It also includes a cost estimate of a 1,000-foot unit, excluding site preparation costs. KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Field tests KW - France KW - Implementation KW - Location KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Technology KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455167 AU - Alsthom Atlantique-ACB AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PHASE 3-PASSENGER TEST SERIES PY - 1985/03 SP - 87 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program was designed to test the feasibility of operating such a system in an urban setting. Completed phases of the program include feasibility studies; AWS design and development; site investigation and selection; site engineering design; AWS factory testing of the "TRAX" equipment and factory user testing. This report describes the passenger acceptability tests performed on the "TRAX" unit in the factory of the manufacturer in Nantes, France in 1983. The test installation is a 113 m (371ft) long loop configuration with a high speed to low speed ratio of 4:1. The tests were run at speeds up to 3.33 m/s (656 f.p.m.) and at loadings up to an equivalent of 6,600 passengers/hour. The riders tested included the young, adult, elderly and handicapped. In assessing compliance with U.S.A. moving walk codes, particular attention was given to acceleration/deceleration effects including emergency stops, post problems, passenger bunching, entrapment and divergency/discontinuity hazards. KW - Aged KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - France KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Passenger comfort KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Technology KW - Test facilities KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455166 AU - Alsthom Atlantique-ACB AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. PHASE 3-SUMMARY OF TRAX TEST PROGRAM PY - 1985/03 SP - 48 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) Demonstration Program was designed to test the feasibility of operating such a system in an urban setting. Completed phases of the program include feasibility studies; AWS design and development; site investigation and selection and site engineering design; AWS factory testing of the "TRAX" equipment and factory user testing. This report summarizes the "TRAX" test program performed by the contractor, ALSTHOM ATLANTIQUE-ACB, in their Nantes, France factory in 1983/84. Test objectives were functional evaluation of the equipment and determination of user compatibility. The resulting equipment test data and observations were the basis for estimating system availability, reliability, maintainability, life cycle costs and readiness for public operation. The user test data formed the basis for assessing safety code compliance and user response. Areas requiring equipment and determination of user compatibility. The resulting equipment test data and observations were the basis for estimating system availability, reliability, maintainability, life cycle costs and readiness for public operation. The user test data formed the basis for assessing safety code compliance and user response. Areas requiring equipment improvement and modification were identified and an implementation plan developed. KW - Availability KW - Feasibility analysis KW - France KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Reliability KW - Supply KW - Technology KW - Tests KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451496 AU - Northwest Arkansas Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 EVALUATION REPORT OF THE SPRINGDALE ELDERLEY AND HANDICAPPED TAXI PARTICIPATION PROGRAM PY - 1985/03 SP - 9 p. AB - This brief paper is the 1984 evaluation of the City of Springdale Elderly and Handicapped Taxi Participation Program. It began operation in May 1983 as a result of cooperative agreements between the City of Springdale, C&H Taxi Company, and Arkansas Area Agency on Aging (AAA). The pilot program was designed to improve the mobility of elderly and handicapped (E&H) persons through the issuance of coupons by the City to offset a portion of the cost of a taxi trip through C&H Taxi. (There are no other City transit programs in operation other than public taxi services.) The service is used in the normal way except at the end of the taxi trip. approved participants present their I.D. card and signed coupon to the driver. The rider pays the difference between the amount of the coupon ($1.50) and the total fare. Minimal reporting is required of the driver. At the end of each month, C&H Taxi is reimbursed for each coupon accepted. The AAA pays 85 percent of the program costs and the City of Springdale pays 15 percent. This brief paper consists of 6 charts depicting the following: Client data; Purpose of travel; Travel patterns; Coupon data; Administration; and Cost analysis. The report summary states that the program is operating extremely well. No complaints have been voiced; no areas of program abuse or misuse have been cited or suspected; and no changes are necessary. KW - Aged KW - Arkansas KW - Evaluation KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Subsidies KW - Taxi services KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266694 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451067 AU - Edner, S M AU - Arrington, G B AU - Portland State University AU - Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN DECISION MAKING FOR TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS: PORTLAND'S LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1985/03 SP - 101 p. AB - This study reviews the planning and decision-making processes leading to the construction of the Banfield Light Rail Transit Line in Portland, Oregon. It is a particularly candid and detailed review of the process of evaluating urban transportation alternatives, choosing an option, getting it funded, and getting it installed and running in a major metropolitan area. The study covers the full range of issues associated with implementation of a system, including the role of Federal, state and local governments throughout the process, procedures for citizen involvement, integration of the light rail proposal into the downtown plan, planning the areas around stations, involvement of private developers, and the construction process itself. Although the study itself is specific to Portland, conclusions are drawn about major system implementation which may be broadly applicable. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Construction projects KW - Federal government KW - Joint development KW - Light rail transit KW - Local government KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - State government KW - Vehicle safety KW - Vehicular safety UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56636/urbandecisionma8503unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451075 AU - Greater Bridgeport Reg Plng Agency AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UNITICKETING, SCHEDULE COORDINATION, TRANSFER POLICY AND INFORMATION CENTERS STUDY PY - 1985/03 SP - 218 p. AB - The Greater Bridgeport Region encompasses a 6-town area of approximately 300,000 people in southwestern Connecticut. A variety of public transportation modes are found in Region. These include local and interstate bus opeators, commuter and interstate rail services, ferry operations, taxis, specialized transportation services, and aircraft. The several operators interconnect at a number of locations, but there is only minimal coordination of services (scheduling, ticketing, etc.). This discourages any attempts by patrons to make intermodal travel connections. This project evaluated the potential to improve the situation by investigating 4 specific areas: 1) unticketing arrangements; 2) coordination of schedules among operators; 3) development of a policy whereby modes would wait for interconnecting services; and 4) establishment of information centers for travelers regarding different modes of transportation. As a result, of these efforts, a comprehensive program has been developed to implement a number of recommended improvements for both the public and private operators within the Region. The anticipated results will be greater usage of public transportation services, increased revenue to the operators, and easier travel for the local inhabitants. KW - Amtrak KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Coordination KW - Ferries KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Interchanges KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Ticketing KW - Timed transfer UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266470 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451072 AU - Hargadine, E O AU - SCOTT, G AU - Mandex, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOCUMENTATION AND ASSESSMENT OF TRANSIT SECURITY DATA REPORTING AND ITS UTILIZATION PY - 1985/03 SP - 63 p. AB - The report documents and assesses transit security reporting systems in use by transit police and security departments in several cities. The report discusses the division of responsibility for security between local law enforcement agencies and transit police and security departments. The data needs of the operational, support, management, and decision making functions of transit police and security departments are addressed. The report describes the data collection, processing and analysis techniques currently in use at twenty three transit agencies. Three alternative reporting systems were identified: one appropriate for a one or two person security department; one for a larger security department without sworn police officers; and one for a transit police department with sworn officers. The report discusses ways in which transit police and security departments can increase the usefulness of their information systems, using both manual and computerized techniques. KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Law enforcement KW - Peer groups KW - Police KW - Public transit KW - Security KW - Statistical analysis KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266467 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451507 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHARED-RIDE TAXI SERVICE IN BOSTON, MA PY - 1985/03 SP - 104 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the Boston Shared-Ride Taxi Demonstration. The City of Boston's Traffic and Parking Department, the project grantee, designed a shared-ride service for Boston's Allston-Brighton neighborhood; Boston Cab Association, one of the City's major taxi operators, offered the service during the demonstration period and then continued to do so following the close of the demonstration. No operating assistance was provided to Boston Cab, who assumed the cost of the call-taker/dispatcher assigned to the project. The demonstration, funded in part by the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration Program, ran from July 1982 through March 1984. The service itself, called Share and Save, was implemented in April 1983. During the demonstration period, Share and save was available for trips within Allston-Brighton or from Allston-Brighton to adjoining towns and other parts of Boston. Fares were based on a grid pattern designed to approximate 60 percent of the equivalent premium fare. The service could be accessed via telephone only, and 24-hour advance notice was recommended. However, even making an advance reservation did not guarantee a ride (at the shared-ride fare), because of the "single passenger rule;" this rule stated that a caller would not necessarily be given a shared-ride fare if his/her request could not be matched with another request. The final significant service guideline was that the 30 percent discount taxi coupons available to the elderly through the City of Boston would not be accepted on Share and Save. The demonstration's major accomplishment was the actual development and implementation of a shared-ride service. However, the operational results were very disappointing: there were approximately 30 requests for service during the 11-month operational period, and, because no requests could be matched, no shared rides were provided. Several factors contributed to the low demand level, including the following: 1) the exclusion of the elderly discount coupons; 2) the single passenger rule; 3) the 24-hour advance notice recommendation; 4) the complicated fare structure; 5) the fact that service could be accessed via telephone only; 6) a budgetary restriction on marketing funds; 7) difficulties with the telephone line; and 8) the fact that no funds were provided to the operator, producing a limited commitement to the project. While the project failed to demonstrate the true potential of the shared-ride taxi concept, it produced a number of valuable lessons concerning the development, implementation, and operation of a shared-ride taxi service. These findings should be considered carefully by other locations planning to introduce such services. KW - Aged KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Disaggregate analysis KW - Disaggregate models KW - Failure KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - Shared ride KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266703 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396574 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Markos, S H AU - Pawlak, R J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RECOMMENDED EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS GUIDELINES FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1985/03 SP - 68 p. AB - The Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines contained in this document are designed to help rail transit systems to assess, develop, document and improve their capability for responding to emergency situations, and to coordinate these efforts with emergency response organizations in a manner which best protects the traveling public and transit system facilities and equipment. Four major areas of emergency preparedness are addressed. The first section presents recommendations for Emergency Plan Development, including emergency response procedures, agreements with emergency organizations, and supporting documentation. The Training section outlines recommended training for both transit system and emergency response personnel, as well as programs to promote public awareness. The last two sections--Facilities and Equipment and Vehicles--focus on performance requirements and emergency equipment recommendations to facilitate passenger evacuation and minimize transit property damage. These guidelines have been developed over the past several years, with input obtained from discussions and workshops with transit system and emergency response organization personnel, and from literature sources such as industry guidelines, codes, and standards. KW - Auxiliary power units KW - Communications KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency power supply KW - Evacuation KW - Fire fighting KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Planning KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Rapid transit KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - Training KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/6000/6700/6752/index.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396474 AU - Pake, B E AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR BUS MAINTENANCE PY - 1985/03 SP - 83 p. AB - A practical framework for understanding, reviewing, and evaluating a transit agency's maintenance program is described. The maintenance department's mission is viewed as a set of management activities that are associated with the functional tasks that comprise the entire bus maintenance process. Different environmental features and organizational characteristics are shown to influence the complexity and structure of a transit organization's maintenance program; the major influence being the size of the fleet. The framework simplifies the case study process with a format that enhances consistency and transferability of results among different cases. It encourages comparative analyuses. A case study of the maintenance operation of the Tidewater Transportation District Commission demonstrates the practical utility of the methods. The resulting method is recommended for use by the industry. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Institutional issues KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214029 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396473 AU - Pake, B E AU - Demetsky, M J AU - Hoel, L A AU - University of Virginia, Charlottesville AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR BUS MAINTENANCE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1985/03 SP - 5 p. AB - A practical framework for understanding, reviewing, and evaluating a transit agency's maintenance program is described. The maintenance department's mission is viewed as a set of management activities that are associated with the functional tasks that comprise the entire bus maintenance process. Different evvironmental features and organizational characteristics are shown to influence the complexity and structure of a transit organization's maintenance program; the major influence being the size of the fleet. The framework simplifies the case study process with a format that enhances consistency and transferability of results among different cases. It envourages comparative analyses. A case study of the maintenance operation of the Tidewater Transportation District Commission demonstrates the practical utility of the methods. The resulting method is recommended for use by the industry. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Institutional issues KW - Maintenance management KW - Management KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214028 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396475 AU - Middendorf, D P AU - Wegmann, F J AU - Southeastern Transportation Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USE OF FEDERAL FORMULA GRANTS FOR TRANSIT OPERATING ASSISTANCE IN SMALLER URBANIZED AREAS PY - 1985/03 SP - 95 p. AB - The objective of this study was to determine through case studies why some urbanized areas under 300,000 population have not used much of the Federal funding available to them for transit financial assistance. Published Section 15 data showed that, between FY 1979 and FY 1982, a majority of urbanized areas in this population range did not use all of their available Section 5 Tier I and Tier II funds for operating assistance, and in each year less than half received any Section 5 capital assistance. In most of these areas, the amount of Federal money available for operating assistance was more than sufficient to cover half of the transit operating deficit. The reasons why some small urbanized areas have not used all of their Section 5 funds include: little or no transit service; privately owned and operated transit system; desire to avoid becoming overly dependent on Federal operating assistance coupled with an uncertainty about the future of Federal operating subsidies; Section 13 (c) and other Federal transit regulations; abundance of State aid for transit; and either an inability or an unwillingness to match all available Section 5 funds because of local fiscal conservatism, budgetary constraints, or lack of local political support for transit. Small urbanized areas with large balances of unused Section 5 funding are especially common in ten States. The study recommends changing the Section 9 allocation mechanism for small urbanized areas to include variables reflecting the supply of transit service. KW - Allocations KW - Cost allocation KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Peer groups KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 5 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214030 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01587399 AU - Kellogg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Comparative Analysis of the San Diego Trolley and the Portland Banfield Light Rail Projects to Determine the National Policy Impacts and Implications of UMTA Financial and Technical Assistance PY - 1985/02/19 SP - 316p AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA's) financial assistance and related guidelines and regulations on the process, timing and scope of the development or expansion of urban rail and light rail systems. The methodology applied used San Diego and Portland as case studies to evaluate national policy implications of federal assistance and recommend changes if and where considered appropriate. The study reviewed and analyzed the contrasting approaches used in San Diego and Portland, the former which proceeded without UMTA assistance and the latter which proceeded with it. The analysis covered the similarities and differences in the conceptualization, planning, financing, engineering and construction processes and their relationship to the decision-making procedures. The study drew upon the reports prepared by the San Diego Association of Governments, Portland Tri-Met, Sheldon Edner of Portland State University, and System Design Concept, Inc., all under contracts with UMTA. The analysis prepared by this study was based, in part, on the work done under those contracts plus intensive interviews in San Diego and Portland with key officials involved in the process, as well as interviews and discussions with appropriate UMTA officials, both at the regional offices and in Washington, D.C. The study also reviewed and analyzed relevant transportation and urban development plans, policies and reports pertinent to San Diego and Portland, along with federal legislation, regulations, directives and Congressional guidance to determine their consistency and relevancy. The focus of this report is on the implications and effectiveness of federal financial and technical assistance carried on by UMTA in its effort to assist local governments to achieve their urban transportation goals. In general, the study concludes that: 1. Federal financial and technical assistance for transit development brings with it advantages and disadvantages. 2. Federal financial assistance administered by UMTA requires a rigorous analysis of local plans and proposals, which adds time to the project schedule and causes some unnecessary cost increases. However, when considering the magnitude and importance of a rail project, the additional time is not a major consideration, especially if there exists a strong local consensus and financial commitment in support of the transit project. 3. UMTA's role could be made more effective if its rules, regulations, guidelines and procedures were consolidated and codified into a "users handbook" to clarify the technical process and relate them to decision milestones. 4. UMTA, DOT and Congress should formally recognize the dual decision-making process regarding rail transit projects which includes (1) qualifying for federal assistance through a technical review process, and (2) ranking for funding through a political review process. KW - Case studies KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Portland Banfield Light Rail KW - San Diego (California) KW - San Diego Trolley KW - Technical assistance KW - Trolley cars KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56363/comparativeanaly00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1395690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463467 AU - O'Hare, W AU - Morris, M AU - Joint Center for Political Studies AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND RECENT WORKTRIP TRAVEL TRENDS, VOLUMES I AND II. FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/02 SP - 320 p. AB - Release of the 1980 Census information on the journey to work provides an opportunity to study recent changes in worktrip patterns in more detail than was previously possible. In this 2 volume report, data from the 1970 and 1980 Public Use Microdata Samples of the Census Bureau are used to examine changes in the use of public transportation during the journey to work by various demographic subgroups living in urbanized areas. Volume I contains the analysis of the trends, and Volume II contains the statistical tables which support the narrative in Volume I. Volume I is organized around 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, data sources and limitations of the study. Chapter 2 provides an overview of changes in the use of public transportation. Chapter 3 considers changes in the choice of public transportation modes. Chapter 4 provides information on the use of public transportation for the transportation disadvantaged. Chapters 5 and 6 assess the changes in work place location. Chpater 7 assess the influence of changes in household characteristics. Chapter 8 completes the report with a discussion of future implications. KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Microdata KW - Public transit KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274793 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00459692 AU - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PATH CAR MOTOR CONTROLLER UNIT INVESTIGATION PY - 1985/02 SP - 132 p. AB - This report describes the tests and analyses conducted to determine possible cause(s) of the motor controller fire on a PATH car. In addition, tests were made to determine possible cause(s) of the motor, controller bolt erosion. During the investigation, measurements were made of controller box temperature, voltages and currents while operating cars throughout the PATH system and also under stationary motor-plugging conditions. The measured parameters were analyzed and their causes and effects described in terms of their contribution to arcing. The report develops several fault trees and a description of arcing to show that this is the most likely phenomenon. The report also discusses the various components of the motor controller and their characteristics and performance. For this task, emphasis was placed on cables because the major fire load is the cable insulation. KW - Bolts KW - Causes KW - Controllers KW - Fires KW - Measurement KW - Motors KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Testing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396462 AU - Gigante, L AU - Koo, E AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKETING PUBLIC TRANSIT. AN EVALUATION PY - 1985/02 SP - 159 p. AB - This report evaluates projects which were implemented by 11 Michigan transit systems under the state's Section 4 (i) marketing grant. The objectives of this grant were to: (1) Expand public awareness and improve the image of public transportation throughout the State of Michigan; (2) Increase utilization of public transportation services throughout the State of Michigan; and (3) Evaluate the implementation of innovative marketing techniques for statewide adoption. The evaluation results indicate which marketing techniques were most effective, and which would be more appropriate in urban and rural areas. KW - Advertising KW - Data collection KW - Marketing KW - Michigan KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public opinion KW - Publicity KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Timetables KW - Umta section 4 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00456499 AU - O'Hare, W AU - Morris, M AU - Joint Center for Political Studies AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND RECENT WORKTRIP TRAVEL TRENDS, VOLUMES I AND II PY - 1985/02 SP - 320 p. AB - Release of the 1980 Census information on the journey to work provides an opportunity to study recent changes in worktrip patterns in more detail than was previously possible. In this 2 volume report, data from the 1970 and 1980 Public Use Microdata Samples of the Census Bureau are used to examine changes in the use of public transportation during the journey to work by various demographic subgroups living in urbanized areas. Volume I contains the analysis of the trends, and Volume II contains the statistical tables which support the narrative in Volume I. Volume 1 is organized around 8 chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, data sources and limitations of the study. Chapter 2 provides an overview of changes in the use of public transportation. Chapter 3 considers changes in the choice of public transportation modes. Chapter 4 provides information on the use of public transportation for the transportation disadvantaged. Chapters 5 and 6 assess the changes in work place location. Chapter 7 assess the influence of changes in household characteristics. Chapter 8 completes the report with a discussion of future implications. KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Employment KW - Households KW - Mode choice KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Transportation disadvantages KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268348 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452512 AU - Carter, Goble, Roberts, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTH FLORIDA FIVE-COUNTY AREA TRANSIT TECHNICAL STUDY PY - 1985/02 SP - 302 p. AB - This study stems from a 1983 Rural America case study indicating that basic coordination of service in the development of other activities could form the basis for a successful multi-county service which all providers in the Florida Panhandle could join to promote and improve service by eliminating duplication and creating an interlocking network of providers. This report provides a detailed plan for implementing a five-county regional fixed route public transit in the North Florida Counties of Calhoun, Holmes, Jackson, Liberty, and Washington. The system is proposed to be operated by Tri-County Community Council, Inc. of Bonifay and Chipola Junior College of Marianna with each organization operating separately, but coordinating routes to make up a unified five-county fixed route service network. Its objective is to serve anyone who can get to the designated fixed routes with an emphasis on commuter-type trips for workers and students. The system is designed to be complementary to the region's coordinated paratransit services for the elderly and handicapped such that agency clients may be transferred from paratransit vans to the fixed routes for longer cross-region trips and vice-versa for return trips. The authors state that the system plan represents a rather unique and noteworthy cooperative effort by the County Governments and the two proposed agencies. The local Study Advisory Committee consisting of elected officials, agency heads, and staff was instrumental in guiding the Consultants to arrive at a plan that was locally acceptable and supportable. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - County government KW - Fixed routes KW - Florida KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regional planning KW - Rural areas KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00399569 AU - Jensen-Fisher, R AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK. FEBRUARY 1985 PY - 1985/02 SP - 202 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: (1) Microcomputer references and training and; (2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. Previous editions of this document were published in June, August and November of 1982, January, March and September of 1983, and March 1984. This edition contains new materials as well as updates to the information in the previous edition, thereby superceding these editions. KW - Automation KW - Computer programs KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Software KW - Transit management KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214900 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451536 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK, FEBRUARY 1985 PY - 1985/02 SP - 200 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic enginerrs. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) Microcomputer references and traning and 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. Previous editions of this document were published in June, August and November of 1982, January, March and September of 1983, and March 1984. This edition contains new material as well as updates to the information in the previous edition, thereby superceding thse editions. KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396555 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NYCTA PORTION OF MTA TRANSIT OPERATORS PLANNING PROGRAM. PHASE 2. VOLUME 1 AND 2 PY - 1985/02 SP - n.p. AB - This two-volume final report documents the various activities performed by the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) Operations and Planning Group under the MTA Transit operators Planning Program--B-492. It discusses the Operations and Planning Group's efforts to develop an ongoing databased service planning process that would improve the efficiency and performance of the NYCTA. Twenty-six Operations and Planning Group activities are presented in this final report. Each activity is discussed in a separate section. Volume 1 of this final report contains Sections 1-11; Volume 2 contains Sections 12-26. The Group's activities include: 1) meeting and coordinating transit services with various agencies; 2) analyzing operational factors that impact on the continuous planning of location-specific transit services; 3) developing a methodology for evaluating various services; and 4) maintaining and utilizing a ridership database. KW - Databases KW - Level of service KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215974 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396548 AU - Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RHODE ISLAND PUBLIC TRANSIT AUTHORITY ROUTE EVALUATION PY - 1985/02 SP - 178 p. AB - The objective of this study is system management-improving the efficency and effectiveness of bus service. The report provides ridership profiles for all of the Rhode Island Public Transit Authority (RIPTA) bus routes as structured in 1981. The paper contains 5 parts and 3 appendices. Part 1 presents a brief history of transit ridership in Rhode Island from the early horse-drawn "omnibuses" to the present. Part 2 presents background information on the RIPTA system. Each route is profiled by time of day and week and ranked by several performance measures. Part 3 describes the data collection and processing techniques and sets forth the methodology employed for structuring and comparing route profiles. Part 4 analyzes various service needs. Part 5 provides recommendations for monitoring routes, improving the quality and focus of data collection, and increasing the efficiency of data collection and processing methods. Appendix A contains individual route profiles; Appendix B ranks routes; and Appendix C illustrates route performance trends. KW - Bus routes KW - Data collection KW - Performance evaluations KW - Rhode Island KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396550 AU - Joint Center for Political Studies AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND RECENT WORKTRIP TRANSIT TRENDS. WORKING PAPER NO. 2 PY - 1985/02 SP - 258 p. AB - The purpose of this study is to provide transportation planners with statistical evidence regarding the use of public transportation for the journey to work by dempgraphic subgroups and how worktrip transit use patterns changed in the 1970s. This report explores how some of the important social, demographic, and economic trends of the 1970s are related to the use of public transportation for the journey to work. Data from the 1970 and 1980 census are used to measure changes in the size and location of various demographic subgroups and changes in the rates at which these subgroups used public transit for the journey to work. Chapter 2 of this report provides a broad overview of changes in the use of public transit for worktrips between 1970-1980. Chapter 3 discusses changes in four modes of public transit, namely--buses or streetcars, subways or elevated rail, railroads, and taxicabs. Information on the use of public transit for journey to work for the transportation disadvantaged is presented in Chapter 4. Social changes such as the reorientation of residences, households, and workplaces as well as alterations of household and family structures and their ramifications for worktrip transit use are examined in Chapter 5, 6, and 7. A summary of major findings from each chapter is provided and implications of these findings are discussed in Chapter 8. This chapter provides a capsulized rendition of what census data from 1970 and 1980 have to say about some of the most important public transportation issues of the 1980s. KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Households KW - Modal split KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistics KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 8 KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396570 AU - Rhywer, G AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PREFERENTIAL PARKING DEMONSTRATION IN HERMOSA BEACH, CA PY - 1985/02 SP - 164 p. AB - This report presents the results of a parking demonstration operated by the City of Hermosa Beach, California, and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Under the project, long-term on-street parking in the residential areas near the city's popular beach required a permit. Area residents were able to purchase permits for their own vehicles or guest use at a nominal price. Non-residents could purchase daily permits at a higher price or park at meters near the beach. As an alternative, a free park-and-ride system was provided from lots on the edge of the zone. The purpose of the program was to reduce the problems residents faced in trying to find on-street parking and alleviate the safety problems caused by the traffic congestion in the residential areas. This report assesses the demand for each of the project elements and effect of the project on local parking and traffic conditions. It also assesses the costs of and revenues from the project and its ability to be financially self-sufficient. Finally, it gives conclusions derived from this project that may be applicable to similar programs implemented elsewhere. This report is similar to one evaluating a companion demonstration conducted in Santa Cruz County, California, although there are numerous differences in the characteristics of the sites and the specific programs which were implemented. KW - California KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Parking permits KW - Parking restraints KW - Recreation KW - Residential areas KW - Shuttle buses KW - Traffic congestion KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394529 AU - San Diego Metropolitan Transit Development Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EAST URBAN CORRIDOR--SAN DIEGO REGION. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS AND DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1985/02 SP - 323 p. AB - The East Urban Corridor is a 114-square mile area of metropolitan San Diego. The Corridor runs northeast from Centre City San Diego, through the Southeast San Diego community planning area, to encompass the east county cities of Lemon Grove, La Mesa, El Cajon and portions of Santee and unincorporated areas of Spring Valley and Lakeside. The alternatives being considered include the No-uild, Transportation System Management (TSM)-Centre City, TSM-Euclid, Express Bus-Centre City, Express Bus-Euclid, Light Rail Transit-El Cajon and Light Rail Transit-Santee. The two TSM Alternatives reflect upgraded bus services with express buses operating to the Centre City or the LRT station at Euclid. The Express Bus Alternatives reflect similar service improvements with exclusive contraflow express bus operations. The two LRT Alternatives extend light rail transit service from the Euclid Avenue Station to El Cajon or Santee. The primary impact areas identified in this Draft EIS Include traffic and circulation, noise, and flooding. Other impact areas include air quality, hydrology, land use, socioeconomic, energy, visual and aesthetic qualities. The information on the alternatives will be used in the selection of a preferred alternative for the Corridor. KW - Air quality KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Animals KW - Burrowing animals KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Express buses KW - Hydrology KW - Light rail transit KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Noise KW - San Diego (California) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212545 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01419720 AU - Levine, N AU - Wachs, M AU - United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. University Research Training Program TI - Factors affecting the incidence of bus crime in los angeles; volume one and two PY - 1985/01 IS - CA-06-0195 SP - 2 vols KW - Adolescent KW - Adolescents KW - Attitude KW - Attitudes KW - Bus KW - Bus stop KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Data collection KW - Environment KW - Environment KW - Location KW - Location KW - Offence KW - Offender KW - Offenders KW - Peak hour KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Prevention KW - Sociology KW - Sociology KW - Transport safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas KW - Usa UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187518 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458899 AU - Lowrey (James J) and Company Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCIAL RATINGS OF PROPOSED NEW-START FIXED GUIDEWAY PROJECTS PY - 1985/01 SP - 120 p. AB - The New Start Policy 1) defines the process transit agencies must follow in developing major urban mass transportation investment projects to be considered for capital grants from UMTA, and 2) outlines the process UMTA will follow in evaluating proposals and determining allocations of discretionary funding for the construction of such projects. The policy is applicable to proposals for discretionary capital grants authorized by Section 3 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. The objectives of this study are to: 1) review the proposed capital financing plans of selected new start-fixed guideway systems Congressionally earmarked in the 1984 Conference Report; 2) analyze the operating budgets of these transit systems for evidence of a stable and reliable revenue base to support operation of a new fixed guideway system; 3) prepare assessments of the capital plans and operating revenue bases of the selected transit systems; and 4) counsel UMTA staff on development of a Full Funding Contract to embody the financial commitments required by UMTA of the transit operators in conjunction with a Section 3 funded new start. Financial Ratings are presented for 11 proposed New Start Fixed Guideway Systems Congressionally earmarked to receive Section 3 appropriations. Field visits were made to transit operators proposing New Start Projects. This report states that the Financial Ratings expressed herein accurately reflect the financial status of each project compared against the criterion outlined in the Major Capital Investment Policy. It also states that the effort to evaluate New Fixed Guideway Transit Systems based upon cost-effectiveness and local fiscal commitment is a sound one. KW - Budgeting KW - Financial analysis KW - Fixed-guideway transit KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - New systems KW - Operating revenues KW - Rail transit KW - Ratings KW - Technological innovations KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00454970 AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MBTA NORTHWEST CORRIDOR SERVICE STUDY PY - 1985/01 SP - 69 p. AB - The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) directed the Northwest Corridor Service Study conducted by a team of planning and engineering firms under contract to the MBTA. The objective of the study was to develop a service plan for bus and trackless trolley service in the area affected by the Red Line extension under construction to Alewife Brook Parkway. The Corridor includes fourteen communities--from Harvard Square to the MBTA District boundary and between State Highway Route 20 on the south and Interstate 93 on the east. Major study activities summarized in this report include the following: Data collection regarding ridechecks on all routes and passenger surveys; Developing and refining a comprehensive statement of study goals and objectives that reflected concerns of local communities and state and regional agencies, as well as developing a supportive evaluation framework; Public participation program that included in the involvement of municipal officials, press, citizen groups, and others in the study process; and 4) Background research and market analysis. Recommendations were based on a year-long study of passenger data, service needs and opportunities, and an analysis of the impacts of alternative service plans. Overall, the recommended service changes are expected to result in a small increase in systemwide ridership, net travel time improvements for riders, and up to $900,000 per year in operating cost savings. In addition, the plan would reduce bus impacts on traffic in Davis and Harvard Squares, and would result in some technical improvements on operations. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Feeder buses KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393514 AU - Budin, D AU - Hardcastle, T AU - Carbonell, N AU - Castelli, T AU - Washington Consulting Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPENDIUM OF NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS: 1982 REPORT YEAR PY - 1985/01 SP - 96 p. AB - This report provides summary statistics on the finances and operations of this nation's public transit systems for fiscal year 1982. These statistics were derived from the data base developed through the Urban Mass Transportation's Section 15 Reporting System. The report is intended to complement the National Urban Mass Transportation Statistics, the Section 15 Annual Report issued by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration since 1980. That report contains aggregate transit statistics, but focuses principally on the finances and operations of individual transit systems. By contrast, the Compendium provides a national, policy-oriented perspective, highlighting aggregate financial and operational characteristics. In this report, national transit industry financial and operational characteristics are illustrated through use of 1) graphics designed to emphasize key transit industry patterns, 2) policy relevant statistics and aggregations, and 3) trend information incorporating statistics from the Section 15 data base for fiscal years 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1982. The report is organized into three chapters: Chapter I--Financial Statistics; Chapter II--Operating statistics; and Chapter III--Performance Measures. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Spoon sampling KW - Subsidies KW - Testing equipment KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208223 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472712 AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF TRANSIT COST BY LINE. PHASE 1-A: RAPID TRANSIT. DRAFT FINAL REPORT PY - 1985/01 SP - 67 p. AB - The purpose of this Cost by Line Study was to develop a variable cost model that would estimate costs or minor service adjustments often made to rapid transit services by the NYCTA. This method for allocating costs of rapid transit operations to particular routes and services is used for short range planning and analysis. Relationships established between costs and service variables are accurate for the short term, but not so for the future because of changes in procedures and capital investments that alter the relationships. Three categories of costs (comprising total rapid transit expenditures) were identified that quantify costs or savings resulting from service changes: variable costs (directly linked with train operations); semi-variable costs (not directly linked to service change but influenced by level/pattern of service); and fixed costs (insensitive to changes in system size and service levels such as shop building maintenance, administrative, etc.). Only variable and semi-variable costs are allocated by this model. Fixed costs (discussed in Appendix A) and capital costs have been excluded. In Section 2 of this report, variable costs are captured by 3 service measures: car miles, train hours, and station stops. Semi-variable costs are captured by 3 additional service measures: inspection cycles performed, track miles, and stations. Overall, this Cost by Line analysis resulted in formulas that associate expenses of the Rapid Transit departments with service variables. To use the model, a level of activity (number of car miles, train hours) must be defined for each service variable, then multiplied by the unit of cost to yield a cost estimate for the service level. KW - Cost allocation KW - Costs KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Variable costs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281378 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451082 AU - Dzurik, A A AU - Olsen, W T AU - Florida State University, Tallahassee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSIT SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES BASED ON SECTION 15 AND URBAN AREA ENVIRONMENT DATA PY - 1985/01 SP - 89 p. AB - This study examines the relationships among measures of transit system productivity, the characteristics of transit systems, and the characteristics of the specific geographic areas where transit system services were provided. The data set consisted of the 34 transit systems in the southeastern federal region that operated exclusively in the bus mode during the 1979-80 financial year. FY 1979-80 was the second year of transit data collection and reporting as required under Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act (UMTA). These Section 15 data were used to measure transit system characteristics as well as the transit system productivity (measure of efficiency and effectiveness) within the southeastern region. This study was the first to utilize the Title VI reporting system (required under the actual transit coverage area characteristics from the remaining SMSA tracts not served by transit. Two different techniques were used to examine possible relationships among the data. The first technique employed the traditional statistical analysis of correlation and regression. The second technique, Automatic Interaction Detection (AID), did not surface in the literature review as having been used before in a similar research application. Because of this unique application of AID, this study examines its potential for identifying and explaining the structure of transit productivity. Study findings using AID showed that characteristics of the areas served by transit (e.g., car ownership and population density) were significant predictors of transit efficiency and effectiveness. KW - Bus transportation KW - Characteristics KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Information organization KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396467 AU - Levine, N AU - Wachs, M AU - University of California, Los Angeles AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FACTORS AFFECTING THE INCIDENCE OF BUS CRIME IN LOS ANGELES. VOLUME I PY - 1985/01 SP - 92 p. AB - A survey of 1088 randomly-selected households was conducted to measure the incidence of bus crime in west central Los Angeles, and to assess sources of reporting error and isolate environmental factors contributing to bus crime. The incidence is 20 to 30 times greater than Southern California Rapid Transit District reports indicate. Major differences between reported incidents and incidents estimated in this study include: Crimes occurring outside buses, but in transit; Victims not reporting crimes; Police not investigating; and Statistical loss from local police reports. Most crimes occur in the afternoon and early evening and there are usually many persons around. Overcrowding was perceived as a contributing factor, especially for crimes on buses. The perceived causes at bus stops are particular to the surrounding environment. A method was illustrated for detecting dangerous bus stop locations and observations at three were conducted. There was strong support among respondents for bus crime prevention, and several suggestions were made. It was recommended that the existing reporting system must be supplemented by police reports using revised crime categories. This will require consultation between the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.D. Department of Justice. Environmental information should be included in any transit crime data base. Strategies for protecting passengers at bus stops must use the unique elements of locations. Volume II contains appendices: A--Survey Questionnaire; B--Sample Design, Sampling Error and Probable Bias; C--Observations at Three Dangerous Bus Stops; D--Some Transit Crime Reporting Systems in Southern California: Towards An Alternative Method. KW - Bus services KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Public opinion KW - Security KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396469 AU - Joint Center for Political Studies AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE AND WORKTRIP TRANSIT TRENDS IN THE 1970'S: WORKING PAPER NO 2--STATISTICAL TABLES PY - 1985/01 SP - 224 p. AB - This document provides statistical tables that reflect journey to work patterns for workers living in urbanized areas (USs) of the U.S. in 1970 and 1980. Figures are derived from one percent Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMs) of the 1970 and 1980 Censuses of Population and Housing. The document is intended for transportation planners and others involved in planning or analyzing urban development who need detailed data on commuting patterns. A companion report titled Demographic Change and Worktrip Transit Trends in the 1970s, describes the most important changes in transit use during the 1970s using a format better suited for a nontechnical audience. Part 1 of this report contains identical tables for 1970 and 1980, reflecting mode splits and other transit-related information for a sample of workers from all UAs in the country at each date. Part 2 focuses on travel time for the journey to work for a sample of workers from all UAs in the country. All these data pertain only to workers 16 years and older living in urbanized areas of the country and only trips made to and from work. To isolate changes in transportation behavior per se, a set of tabulations (corresponding to those in Parts 1 and 2) were developed for workers living in the 25 largest urbanized areas in the country. (About 80 percent of all workers using public transportation for the worktrip live in one of these 25 largest UAs.) The tables derived from the 25 largest UAs are presented in Parts 3 and 4 of this document. Each table shows very detailed categories of travel mode or travel time and a major transit-related variable, so analysts can use the tables for a wide variety of purposes by combining categories of data to suit their purposes. KW - Census KW - Demographics KW - Households KW - Modal split KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Social factors KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistics KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 8 KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395215 AU - Bucher, Willis and Ratliff AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO SHORT RANGE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1985/01 SP - n.p. AB - To implement or not to implement and begin operation of a transit system for the City of Las Cruces, New Mexico, and surrounding areas is the center of this improvement program. The purpose of this study is 1) to evaluate the present transit systems and conditions in the City; 2) to develop a comprehensive short-range public transportation plan in the City based on needs; and 3) to coordinate development of a public transportation system with the availability of external financial assistance. The study area includes the City of Las Cruces, the Town of Mesilla, and the unincorporated communities of Mesilla Park, Tortugas, and Dona Ana. This report provides an inventory of all existing transportation elements in the City and surrounding areas; surveys of community attitudes towards public transportation and the ridership potential in the City; as well as 4 alternative transit operating systems. Included in this report is a Five-Year Transit Improvement Program, recommendations and proposed implementation strategies of a transit system for the City of Las Cruces. Recommendations state that Las Cruces has a unique opportunity regarding the decision to begin operation of a transit system for various reasons: there is no existing fixed-route general service transit system in operation; the university population ridership will be high; survey of the general public indicates heavy ridership; and never before has a more exhaustive study of the pros and cons of a transit system been completed for Las Cruces. KW - Implementation KW - New Mexico KW - Operating strategies KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Short term KW - Small cities KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215921 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395228 AU - Yu, J C AU - Lall, U AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A BI-LEVEL OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR INTEGRATING FARE AND SERVICE STRUCTURES TO MINIMIZE URBAN TRANSIT OPERATING DEFICITS PY - 1985/01 SP - 147 p. AB - U.S. transit operators are faced with escalating operating deficits along with growing opposition to the increase in taxes required to offset those deficits. This financial situation has created an immediate need to restructure inefficient and underproductive transit operations. In response to this need, this study developed an analytical framework to deal with the control of transit operating deficits. A bi-level optimization model based on non-linear programming was developed at a system/route level of detail. The model postulates that transit operators could reach a feasible solution for minimizing operating deficits through minor modifications of current fare and and service policies. The model has an economic framework (through the specification of appropriate cost and revenue functions) and solves for optimality through system supply-demand equilibrium. Solutions of the optimization model will provide transit operators with specific operating guidelines for minimizing deficits subject to resource and policy constraints. The non-linear optimzation model is solved using a large-scale (sparse matrix) successive linear programming algorithm. The model was implemented on a microcomputer and was tested with a real-world application to establish its practicality and usefulness. KW - Bus routes KW - Computer programs KW - Fares KW - Microcomputers KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Optimization KW - Planning KW - Revenues KW - Service discontinuance KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393507 AU - Greater Bridgeport Reg Plng Agency AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COST CONTAINMENT PROGRAM FOR LOCAL BUS SERVICES PY - 1985/01 SP - 220 p. AB - The Greater Bridgeport Transit District provides service throughout a four-town area in southwestern Connecticut. Cost containment investigations address three areas of activity: (1) Improved service within principal service corridors through optimized siting of bus stops; operational techniques to improve bus flow; and TSM strategies to enhance mixed-mode operations. (2) Development of driver incentive programs, management strategies and monitoring processes which catalyze annual savings in labor expenditures through reduced absenteeism, optimized extraboard staffing, and diminished overtime hours. (3) Modified operation at select intersections to mitigate problematic maneuvers caused by geometric constraints or traffic control. The report details a program of recommended improvements encompassing 18 projects. Costing and implementation are presented according to a prioritized schedule. Transportation benefits and savings are calculated and compared to implementation costs. Funding opportunities are identified at the federal, state and local levels; opportunities for private sector financial participation are explored. KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost control KW - Extraboards KW - Operating strategies KW - Productivity KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208218 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01419891 TI - Proceedings of the Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing Techniques, Denver, Colorado, November 28-30, 1984 SN - 309038197 PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - 76P U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Evaluation KW - Evaluation KW - Financing KW - Investment KW - Investments KW - Local government KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Private enterprise KW - Private funding KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Road user charges KW - State government KW - State government KW - Tax KW - Taxes KW - Taxicabs KW - Transport funding KW - Transport management KW - Transport planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transport KW - Urban transportation KW - Usa KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187689 ER - TY - CONF AN - 01419415 TI - Transportation education and training: meeting the challenge SN - 309039142 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - 205P U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Demand KW - Demand KW - Driver training KW - Driver training KW - Economic efficiency KW - Education KW - Education KW - Efficiency KW - Management KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Personnel KW - Planning KW - Planning KW - Technology KW - Technology KW - Transport KW - Transportation KW - Universities and colleges KW - University UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1187213 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070670 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - San Jose multimodal transportation terminal : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - California KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830055 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070669 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Southwest transit corridor project, Chicago : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Illinois UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830054 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01070668 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Downtown transit program options, Seattle : environmental impact statement PY - 1985///Volumes held: Draft, Final KW - Environmental impact statements UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/830053 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00463499 JO - UMTA Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METHANOL FUELED BUSES. METHANOL UPDATE PY - 1985 VL - 4 IS - 4 SP - 4 p. AB - Transit bus applications of methanol fuel technology for the Golden Gate Transit and the Florida Department of Transportation are given along with new projects proposed in Seattle and Los Angeles. Also included are other issues concerning methanol use which need more testing. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Driveability KW - Fuel consumption KW - Methanol KW - Retrofitting KW - Stall UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/277794 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00463498 JO - UMTA Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING AND PEER REVIEW. BUILDING BETTER BUS BASES PY - 1985 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 4 p. AB - To ensure the maximum effectiveness of investments in bus maintenance facilities, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration is evaluating the potential benefits of two proven techniques: value engineering (VE) and peer review. Value engineering uses an organized, systematic review of facilities design in direct comparison to the function(s) that they are intended to perform inorder to construct the best facilities possible. Its objective is to ensure that life cycle costs (i.e. capital costs for design and construction plus operating and maintenance costs over the useful service life of the facility) are minimized, subject to performance and safety requirements. Peer review is an informal program with almost no guidelines or criteria. Its objective is to assure an efficient design with respect to the subsequent operation of a facility. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Panel studies KW - Peer review KW - Value engineering KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/277793 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00463497 JO - UMTA Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS PERFORMANCE SIMULATION. EARLY RESULTS FROM HEVSIM PY - 1985 VL - 4 IS - 1 SP - 8 p. AB - The HEVSIM (Heavy Vehicle Simulation Model) can estimate changes in fuel economy due to changes in bus design, operating environment, or fuel type. The model is expected to enable transit managers to evaluate the potential performance characteristics of buses available for purchase, evaluate the fuel consumption impacts of vehicle weight, components and accessories, and route operating profiles. Details of how it works are provided. KW - Bus performance KW - Buses KW - Fuel consumption KW - Heavy vehicles KW - Management KW - Performance KW - Public transit KW - Simulation KW - Transit management KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/277792 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00463437 JO - UMTA Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EMI AND MICROPROCESSORS. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LIAISON BOARD. MICROPROCESSOR LIAISON BOARD PY - 1985 VL - 4 IS - 5 SP - 8 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the American Public Transit Association (APTA) jointly sponsor two rail transit liaison boards, the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility Liaison Board (EMILB) and the Microprocessor Liaison Board (MLB), established to address electrical and electronic system issues. Issues discussed at the December 1984 meetings of these two boards are presented. KW - Compatibility KW - Education KW - Electric substations KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Microprocessors KW - Railroad electrification KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Software KW - Testing KW - Training KW - Transit operators UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/277758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462082 AU - Citibus AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FY 1985 TECHNICAL STUDY PROGRAM FOR CITIBUS, LUBBOCK, TEXAS PY - 1985 SP - 68 p. AB - This report documents the activities of the FY 1985 Technical Study Program for City Transit of Lubbock, Texas. Chapter 1 examines the performance and changes of fixed route and other Citibus services. The Citibus performance indicator program is discussed and includes route specific measures and systemwide indicators which are used to compare Citibus performance to others in the transit industry. Chapter 2 describes and reviews the Special Efforts Program designed to benefit the mobility disadvantaged and disabled citizens of Lubbock. Chapter 3 highlights a number of special projects and studies undertaken during the course of the planning period. Some projects highlighted in this report include the following: Future Financing of Transit, An Inventory of Elderly and Handicapped Transportation Providers, The LUBBOCK 2005 (year) Project, and the Citibus Five Year Financial Plan. Chapter 4 discusses planning activities. The current Transportation Improvement Program charts out and describes capital and operating assistance projects over a five year period. The report also discusses and charts out the Unified Planning Work Program for FY 1985 and FY 1986. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Financing KW - Fixed routes KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Special user groups KW - Texas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273946 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00459693 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1985 TEXAS TRANSIT STATISTICS PY - 1985 SP - 35 p. AB - This is the twelfth annual report on transit statistics in Texas. The Texas Transit Statistics is a comprehensive annual report on the 18 municipal transit systems operating in the State of Texas during 1985. (A municipal transit system has 5 or more vehicles in scheduled, fixed route, intracity service.) This includes the 5 Metropolitan Transit Authorities (MTA Houston/Harris County, San Antonio VIA, Dallas Area Rapid Transit, Fort Worth Transit Authority, and Capital Metro-Austin). The report provides statistics on Texas transit ridership, vehicle miles, operating revenues and expenses, costs, financial assistance in terms of statewide and system totals. Over 196 million passengers were carried by Texas municipal transit systems in 1985--a 12.6 percent increase from 174.4 million passengers carried in 1984. Transit vehicle miles increased about 4.4 percent to 89.5 million miles in 1985 as compared to 85.7 million miles in 1984. General operating costs increased 26.7 percent from $131.9 million in 1984 to $167.1 million in 1985. Total operating revenue per vehicle mile increased by 5.2 percent. Total operating expenses per vehicle mile increased by 13.9 percent. The total public expense of transit increased by 27.5 percent to $291.0 million from $228.3 million in 1984. Total public expense includes operating costs of $167.1 million and capital costs of $123.9 million for 1985. Public transportation funds committed in Texas decreased from $463.0 million in 1984 to $257.5 million in 1985. These committed funds include state and federal funds as well as local monies. KW - Costs KW - Federal aid KW - Financing KW - Operating revenues KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - State aid KW - Statistics KW - Texas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399379 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, Rube AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRIVATE-SECTOR APPLICATIONS IN PLANNING AND MARKETING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 163-164 AB - This workshop considered all nontraditional uses of the data and focused on actions needed to expand the use and utility of the data for both public and private applications. Concerns regarding the 1980 census are listed, and recommendations concerning questionnaire content, procedures and sample size, geographic coding, and data products are briefly discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Data needs KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Median encroachments KW - Medians KW - Private enterprise KW - Products KW - Questionnaires KW - Sampling KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-029.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399344 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Sosslau, Arthur B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 3-5 AB - This conference has organized to share experience in the uses of the 1980 census data, and to make recommendations that will help the 1990 census be even more responsive to the needs of transportation planners. The U.S. Department of Transportation has developed training materials to encourage the use of census data. Metropolitan organizations (MPO) have found the data to be useful in three applications: to evaluate the transportation situation in 1980 and to help understand trends that extend from 1960 through 1980; to update, calibrate, and validate transportation prediction models; and to support constituent agencies with data that are necessary to guide their transportation policy decisions. This report consists of 5 parts. Part I provides the introduction. Part II includes the papers presented at the 1st session of the conference which explores the expectations for the transportation and place-of-work data provided by the 1980 census. Part III includes papers presented the second session which was based on first-hand experience in the use of the 1980 census data and the range of its applications. The basic work of the conference was conducted in 6 workshops: Statewide transportation planning and coordination; Transportation planning in large metropolitan areas; Transportation planning in small metropolitan areas; Transit and traffic analysis; Private-sector applications in planning and marketing; and Travel research. Part IV discloses the Census Bureau's plans for the 1990 census. Part V discusses the need for and the nature of census products in the 1990 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Forecasting KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Models KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Training KW - Training devices KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-001.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218139 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399343 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schofer, Joseph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAVEL RESEARCH PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 165-170 AB - The workshop on travel research considered the use of census data in both fundamental research as well as research related to such aspects as policy analysis, model building, calibration, and forecasting. It is noted that recent experience with the use of census data, particularly the 1980 data, has been favorable and the quality is viewed relatively good. Issues and problems associated with currently available census data that indicate areas for improvement are listed and briefly discussed. Opportunities for the future are discussed. Recommendations regarding the following are discussed in detail: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; geographic coding; data products; comparability; and institutional and administrative concerns. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Forecasting KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Improvements KW - Information organization KW - Institutional issues KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Policy analysis KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Research KW - Sampling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel KW - Travel behavior UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-030.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218138 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399342 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Banerjee, Frances AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRIVATE-SECTOR APPLICATIONS IN PLANNING AND MARKETING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 158-162 AB - The key to creating more demand for the census data is in innovative manipulation of federal and local data files and in subsequent aggressive marketing. This paper focuses on the marketing component. Barriers to effective marketing that could be overcome in design and administration of the 1990 census are listed, and five major barriers that appear to be pervasive are discussed: institutional arrangements; timing; cost and budget; format; and data. In conclusion it is observed that local census centers now have pledgeling status and that their biggest challenge will be performance during the 1990 decennial census program. It is felt that this conference offers an opportunity to focus on federal and local institutional arrangements and on program development plans for the local census centers. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Costs KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Information organization KW - Institutional issues KW - Marketing KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-028.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218137 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399341 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carter, Maurice M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT AND TRAFFIC ANALYSIS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 152-157 AB - This workshop focused on those planning areas that are more near-term in nature, including short-range planning, operations impacts, and alternatives analyses. The workshop reviewed its findings for the 1980 UTPP (Urban Transportation Planning Package) and compared it with its expectations in the major areas of transportation planning. This paper presents a summary of the discussions in each of the following areas: updating urban and transportation planning data sets; model development, updating, and validation; rideshare data sets; special generator information; obtaining the work-trip file; transit market analysis; mode-of-access information; vehicle occupancy; residential and industrial development planning; and general observations. Detailed recommendations are presented on questionnaire content, procedures and sample size, geographic coding, data products and comparability. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Development KW - Geographic information systems KW - Impact studies KW - Industrial areas KW - Industrial buildings KW - Marketing KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Modernization KW - Public transit KW - Questionnaires KW - Recommendations KW - Residential areas KW - Residential development KW - Ridesharing KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle occupancy KW - Work trips KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-027.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218136 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399340 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Goode, Larry R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN SMALL METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 149-151 AB - This workshop attempted to evaluate the utility and comprehensiveness of regular and special products of small metropolitan areas, with particular emphasis on the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP). The workshop also discussed possible changes in questionnaire content, survey design, geographic coding, products, and other aspects of the 1990 census that affect small urban area transportation planning. Continuing and anticipated data needs were identified, and it was determined which of the critical needs are best met by the decennial census. In small urban areas, the transportation community needs the census data to be coded to block-level geography. Detailed recommendations are presented to the following areas: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; and institutional and administrative concerns. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Questionnaires KW - Sampling KW - Small areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-026.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218135 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399339 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Shunk, Gordon A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING IN LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 144-148 AB - Initial discussions in this workshop focused on differing uses of the 1980 census data by the several metropolitan areas represented in the workshop. Travel model development and revision was the most conventional purpose for which the data were used. Of more interest were the following uses: analysis of central business district revitalization plans in Albuquerque; expansion of GBF/DIME file coverage and transit station area studies in Boston; subarea major employer studies in Chicago and Denver; ridesharing marketing program preparation in St. Louis, and data base preparation for an equal employment opportunity program in Washington. The broader importance of this data to MPOs (Metropolitan Planning Organization) was also discussed. Creative summaries can reinforce the image of the MPO as a resource for useful information. The publication of development area briefs using this data by Rice Center in Houston is mentioned. Deficiencies, problems, and additional needs were also noted. Detailed recommendations for changes are listed by subject areas: questionnaire content; procedures and sample size; geographic coding; data products; comparability; and institutional and administrative concerns. Each recommendation is categorized according to the following priorities: imperative, important, or additional consideration. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Census KW - Central business districts KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Questionnaires KW - Rail transit stations KW - Recommendations KW - Ridesharing KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-025.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218134 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399337 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carroll, J D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 137-138 AB - It is observed that the problems that one will be faced with in the 1990s are going to be associated with social equity issues, tax impacts, and similar issues. These users are often geographic users and can be dealt with better if the geographic framework is readily manipulated and displayed. The packaging of the geography is a critical issue. It is hoped that the Census Bureau will develop an in-house screening capability which would allow prepackaging of material in a much more effective way. In marketing, the packaging of the daytime population will be crucial. In the transportation sector, programming issues, and the equity and timing of the programming options will depend on the impact of the projects on the people who live and work there. The 1990s will test the ability to describe the social and economic impacts in a more flexible and accurate way. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programming KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information organization KW - Needs assessment KW - Packaging KW - Programming KW - Social factors KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-023.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218132 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399330 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDonnell, James J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USER EVALUATIONS OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE: 1974 AND 1984 PERSPECTIVES PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 91-95 AB - This paper documents the information received from the conference participants regarding the quality and use of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) and compares these responses with similar information presented by Robert C. Stuart and Michael R. Hauck in The Census and Transportation Planning: Survey of Evaluations and Recommendations as to the Usefulness of the 1970 Census Data in Urban Transportation Planning. The 25 participants who provided information at the conference represented both states and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). Of the MPOs, some were from small areas such as Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and Colorado Springs, Colorado. Large metropolitan areas were well represented by New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Dallas-Fort Worth. States were represented by Florida, Michigan, Arkansas, and Alabama. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Evaluation KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Needs assessment KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-016.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218125 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399329 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reed, Marshall AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MONITORING NATIONWIDE TRENDS AND COMPARING METROPOLITAN AREAS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 89-90 AB - A study is described which was designed to produce a nationally comparable data set which will describe the important urban commuting trends using the census journey-to-work statistics. The data is being used to compare changes over time and among metropolitan areas in geography, demographics and travel patterns. The planned activities of the study are briefly described. The first part of the study will assemble 1980 census data on commuting, providing current data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, distributional patterns of residences and work places, and commuting patterns. Comparable historical data will be assembled to describe the trends over the last 20 years. Another part of the Study will be the preparation of a number of case studies in individual cities; these are needed to present a more detailed picture of trends that can be accomplished using only aggregated National Statistics. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Case studies KW - Census KW - Cities KW - Commuting KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Demographics KW - Geography KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Monitoring KW - Residential areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Time KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Trend (Statistics) KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-015.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218124 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399328 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bontempo, Lisa A AU - Surridge, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATE DATA CENTERS: MEETING STATEWIDE DATA NEEDS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 84-88 AB - This paper covers both public and private applications of transportation-related census data by a statewide constituency of small agencies, firms and individuals in Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State Data Center (PSDC) and its different services and products are described, as are also the large variety of data users and projects. The paper also describes a survey designed to learn more about the needs of the transportation community. The Survey which focused on the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP), was sent to 561 transportation-related organizations throughout the country. Unqualified success is reported for the PSDC in its mission of developing products and techniques to meet the data and information needs of a statewide constituency. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Governments KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-014.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218123 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399326 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hammel, Lawrence V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - NONTRANSPORTATION USES OF THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 74-79 AB - Some nontransportation uses of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) in the New York metropolitan area are described from the prospective of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC). The paper describes the uses of small-area place-of-work data for land use planning, social service and economic development planning and local public decision making. Lists are included of public agencies, private sector firms, and consulting firms that have used UTPP information. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Data KW - Decision making KW - Governments KW - Land use planning KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Private enterprise KW - Small areas KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-012.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218121 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399325 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zimmerman, Samuel L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSIT PLANNING AND THE CENSUS: EXPERIENCE WITH 1980 AND LESSONS FOR 1990 PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 70-73 AB - In an effort to generate suggestions for the 1990 census, the experience of the transit planning community is examined by breaking down the process of transit planning into a series of planning processes associated with public transportation. Each of these areas, namely strategic planning, long-range regional planning, project or corridor planning, site or subarea planning, and operations or service planning, are defined by its technical content and reviewed with reference to the utility of census products for that particular type of planning. The national experience in the varied types of planning is then synthesized into a series of recommendations for 1990. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Level of service KW - Long term KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Regional transportation KW - Services KW - Strategic planning KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-011.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218120 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399324 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Zakaria, Thabet AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATION AND USE OF THE 1980 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE IN THE DELAWARE VALLEY REGION PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 64-69 AB - This paper discusses the experience of the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) with emphasis on the journey-to-work information and other socioeconomic information useful to transportation planning. Source specific problems with the 1980 UTPP are defined, the uses of data in several DVRPC planning projects are described, and some recommendations for improving the quality of the 1990 census data are offered. The paper concludes that although the 1980 UTPP contains data of good quality, there are a few programming, statistical, and bias problems. Most of these problems were resolved before the DVRPC used the UTPP for trend analyses, information purposes, traffic simulation, highway and transit project studies, and strategic planning. Most of the UTPP problems and errors can be avoided in the 1990 census by quality control edits and careful review of the census questionnaire, sample size, and computer programs for processing the information. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Computer programming KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Improvements KW - Information processing KW - Quality control KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-010.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218119 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399323 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Glaze, Richard S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - STATEWIDE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND COORDINATION OF THE 1980 URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 59-63 AB - The role of the Florida Department of Transportation in the acquisition, processing and distribution of transportation-related Census Bureau data products is described and the role of other selected transportation agencies throughout the country in the use of 1980 census products is discussed. Substate agency (councils of government, coordinating councils or regional planning agencies) purchasers of UTPPs (Urban Transportation Planning Package) are tabulated and discussed. The various applications of the Census Bureau products are listed and briefly discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-009.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218118 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399320 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, Alan E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - A RETROSPECTIVE LOOK AT THE ALBUQUERQUE CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 48-53 AB - The Albuquerque conference (1973) regarding transportation uses of census data provided a positive impact on efforts to improve the journey-to-work data program. Its recommended actions were implemented to a high degree in the 1980 census and many of them retain currency for the 1990 census. Many of the short-term recommendations produced in 1973 focused on better handling of the 1970 data. These recommendations which are tabulated and discussed, relate to communication, national and statewide analysis, Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP) analysis, recode option, UTPP purchase conditions, technical support, and special tabulations. The long-term recommendations, which are also tabulated and discussed, are clustered in five groups: geocoding; modifications to existing data items; new data needs; administrative and processing problems; and organizing for the 1980 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Albuquerque (New Mexico) KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Information dissemination KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Recommendations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-006.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218115 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399317 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pisarski, Alan E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND CENSUS DATA: AN EVOLVING RELATIONSHIP PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 29-34 AB - The evolution of the urban transportation planning process and the parallel evolution of related census data is traced, and an attempt is made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current relationship in order to point the way toward a more productive future. A table which summarizes the evolution of the transportation planning process and which shows the shifts in emphasis in data collection activities is presented and discussed. In a second table, some of the major categories of transportation applications of census data are identified and related to the areas covered in this Conference. Criteria that will guide decisions regarding who should provide the major share of the required data set (the census or supplementary local survey?) are noted. The nontransportation uses of data are also listed. The changes in the decennial census transportation data set over the year is summarized in a table which shows a dynamic process in which each succeeding census has seen improvement, new content, and expanding relevance to transportation planning needs. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Data collection KW - Decision making KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-003.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771853 AU - Otis Elevator Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT PROGRAM: FINAL REPORT PY - 1985 SP - 208 p. AB - This report summarizes the work accomplished by the Otis Elevator Company on advanced automated transit technology under the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) Program. A brief history of the program is provided along with a summary of significant technical accomplishments and findings in the area of mini- and micro- processor controls fault-tolerant computing, and software development. A program status summary and comprehensive reference list is provided. KW - Advanced vehicle control systems KW - Personal rapid transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488662 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771801 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTRIS SELECTIONS PERTAINING TO : AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION OR MONITORING (74 SELECTIONS) PY - 1985 SP - 145 p. AB - This an annotated bibliography from a database search on UMTRIS (a subfile of the TRIS-on line database) on the subject area "Automatic Vehicle Location or Monitoring." There are 74 selections, and full bibliographic citations, abstracts, and text availability are provided. KW - Automatic vehicle location KW - Automatic vehicle monitoring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488627 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451159 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Forkenbrock, David J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - REVENUE SOURCES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 60 AB - Workshops on obtaining revenue needed for transportation services expressed two somewhat counterposing outlooks: one was cautionary--do not present an option or technique as a panacea; the other is that we must dare to be entrepreneurs, ready to try new ideas, using the best information available and ready to analyze how a particular idea would work in a particular locale. The workshops generally contemplated local conditions likely to affect potentially suitable approaches. For example, the following questions were posed: (1) What is the condition of the local economy? (2) Is the local industry mix cyclical or relatively stable? (3) What is the city's prevailing trip geography? (4) How strong is the regional government? (5) How great is support for transit or highway expenditures locally? (6) Does the enabling state legislation exist, and, if not, is it likely to be passed? Other local conditions, such as decision makers' political orientation and timing, are important. A local environment conducive to obtaining the needed funds has two elements: a clear appreciation of the need for local action and continued interaction with the public, not just with decision makers. Research on factors influencing the public's willingness to pay taxes for transit reveals that a wide variety of personal motivations exist for supporting a local property tax. To reach the potential constituency, planners and managers must demonstrate to local taxpayers that the benefit will be worth the cost. Other important considerations include equity, revenue stability, administrative costs, and side effects. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Approach lanes KW - Approaches KW - Communities KW - Community support KW - Economic considerations KW - Economic factors KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Taxation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270064 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451156 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Thomas, Edward L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES. RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 47-48 AB - Among the research and technical assistance activities being offered, developed, or planned by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) are (1) case studies of nonfederal financial plans for transit, (2) a guide for forecasting nonuser charge revenue, (3) major investment project planning guidance, (4) a financial management handbook for transit operators, (5) a guide for forecasting transit system operating costs and revenues, and (6) various courses, including seminars on the role of mayors in transit finance, to be developed by the U.S. Conference of Mayors. The UMTA Office of Grants Management is supporting transit finance-related areas, such as the following projects: a market, feasibility, and pro forma study for development at a Elizabeth, New Jersey, commuter rail station; options for financing the east urban line trolley in San Diego, California; an interactive graphics computer system for land management; and a case study of turnkey park-and-ride lots in Houston, Texas. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Grant aid KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270061 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451145 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - 76 p. AB - The purpose of this conference was to disseminate the results of current research on local transportation financing to an audience of local officials, planners, transportation managers, and financing specialists and to consider the issues associated with evaluating alternative financing techniques. The conference's major topics were: (1) financial planning and its relationship to the urban transportation planning process; (2) revenue sources for financing local transportation; (3) financial planning techniques; and (4) packaging and implementing the financial plan. Some traditional alternative financing sources are user fees, nonuser fees, special benefit fees, private financing, debt financing, private property utilization, special revenues, and enhancing the revenue picture (e.g., contracting services, budget indexing, terminating execmptions, cash flow management). CONTENTS: Part 1: OVERVIEW; Part 2: PRESENTATIONS: 1-Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Atlanta, Georgia; 2--Financial Elements of Urban Transportation Planning: Puzzling Over the Metropolitan Transportation Puzzle; 3--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Denver, Colorado; 4--Sources of Revenue for Local Transportation: What Are the Potentials and the Impediments? 5--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Portland, Oregon; 6--Financial Planning Techniques: What Elements Are Included in a Good Financial Plan? 7--Case Study on Local Financing Techniques: Buffalo, New York; 8--Packaging and Implementing a Financial Plan: Achieving Support, Consensus, and Consent; 9--UMTA's Perspective; 10--Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing Techniques; 11--Research Needs Statement; 12--Research Needs Statement; Part 3: HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDY; Part 4: WORKSHOP SUMMARIES: 13--Financial Planning Needs, Roles, and Relationships; 14--Revenue Sources; 15--Financial Planning Techniques; 16--Packaging and Implementing a Financial Plan; Appendix A: Workshop Topics Appendix B: Checklist of Revenue sources for Financing Local Transportation; Selected Bibliography; Participants; Steering Committee Biographical Information. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Assessments KW - Benefits KW - Case studies KW - Contracting KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Planning KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Special assessments KW - Transportation KW - Urban transportation KW - User charges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270050 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455076 AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984-85 MINNESOTA RIDESHARE SURVEY PY - 1985 SP - n.p. AB - The objective of this market research study was to design and implement a series of research projects to aid in the development and evaluation of the Minnesota Rideshare program and promotional material. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 was a focus group study aimed at determining the general attitudes and perceptions of the participants regarding the Minnesota Rideshare special service of the Metropolitan Transit Commission. The focus group consisted of two employer groups and two employee groups of the metropolitan area. Basically the focus group study ascertained employer needs and attitudes toward ridesharing and helped determine what effective role employers could play in promoting rideshare to their employees. Phase 2 of this study involved a survey of the applicants on Minnesota Rideshare's database. The purpose of the survey was to determine the percent of applicants placed into pools. Other objectives of the survey included responses to such questions as: How did one hear about the Minnesota Rideshare service? Do applicants form pools with Minnesota Rideshare's assistance? What is the placement cost per person? How can Minnesota Rideshare change and improve its service? What incentives or market conditions encourage applicants to rideshare? Why are some applicants unable to form pools? This report provides the methodology used in the market research study, a summary of findings, detailed findings of the survey including demographics, and an Appendix of survey questionnaires. KW - Carpools KW - Data collection KW - Employers KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Incentives KW - Minnesota KW - Promotion KW - Ridesharing KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269281 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468165 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Page, Richard S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION AND MEETING THE CHALLENGE SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 11-17 AB - This conference presentation describes the transportation environment of the recent past and contrasts it with that of the near future; characterizes the kind of transportation professional and the kind of transportation education that will be needed in the future; and suggests a modest proposal for future research and action. The nurturing of human resources is suggested as the key to excellence. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Future KW - Future research KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282160 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468172 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Germane, Gayton E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - WHAT ARE SHIPPERS AND CARRIERS LOOKING FOR? SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 113-123 AB - Organizations are looking for entry-level management personnel, but also hoping that they will select people who will have the ability to become senior executives in later years. What the shippers and carriers would like to find is a here-and-now set of qualifications, and a later-years prospect of substantial advancement and responsibility in the organization. This paper is based in part on the views and experience of a number of outstanding senior executives from rail, highway, and water transport, and from the shippers. Topics covered include selection criteria, prospects for significant advancement, examples of personnel who have determination and imagination, personnel who demonstrate good judgement, and what educators, government officials, and business executives can do to enhance the development of determination, imagination, and judgment in the next generation of transportation professionals. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Carriers KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Qualifications KW - Selecting KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282167 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468179 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Liburdi, Lillian C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATION AND TRAINING NEEDS OF WOMEN IN TRANSPORTATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 184-191 AB - The focus of this paper is whether women, as participants in the transportation industry, are achieving success comparable to male practitioners who work in this field and whether female industry practitioners have educational and training needs that differ from their male counterparts. Also, the question is raised: How many female practitioners are there and what steps should be taken to assure the attractiveness of transportation as a career for women? This study found that no major effort has been initiated to assess the skills that contribute to a successful transportation career or when technical versus managerial competence is critical to success. Also, there have been no analyses of successful male transportation managers' backgrounds that could be useful for role model and career planning purposes. As of 1984 women comprised 45 percent of all workers. Women surveyed by an American Public Transportation Association Task Force cited real or perceived barriers to career mobility because of their sex, stereotypical ideas and moods, negative attitudes toward women in top management positions, inability to relocate, and educational disparities. Women cited being confined to nonoperational administrative positions in personnel, marketing, and community service, which perpetuate the status quo. Women employed in transit desire more exposure to all facets of the industry, and they place great emphasis on availability of educational and career development programs. Training courses were not listed as a significant factor in the background of these women, although 82 percent had taken training courses during their career. Experience and personal contacts were ranked highly. Women questioned the need for academic training in transportation and whether the degree relates to job performance and success or whether the requirement is a means to discriminate. Knowledge is important to success in a transportation career, but many women believed that they have been denied or deprived of opportunities to learn on the job. Many women believed that, even with the requisite training and education, skill level and ability, they were frequently not offered the opportunity to compete because of job qualification requirements or their lack of stature in the organization. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Discrimination KW - Education KW - Females KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282174 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468168 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Meyer, Michael D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: EDUCATING TOMORROW'S TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 83-89 AB - Many recent studies on the deterioration of the public infrastructure in the United States have concluded that an effective planning process is an essential element of a government's response to meeting capital investment needs. In at least one instance, a study further concluded that "if planning is to assume a central role in influencing public capital investments, it is important to ensure that the people doing the job have experience of how agencies operate and understand the day-to-day problems faced by those managing public programs and facilities" (R.J. Vaughan and R. Pollard, Rebuilding America: Planning and Managing Public Works in the 1980s). The purpose of this paper is to examine, within the context of a changing political and fiscal environment of transportation decisions, these and other planning skills desired by transportation organizations. In the first section of this paper recent studies of the changing nature of transportation planning are reviewed. This section concludes with several propositions on what, in general, appear to be the likely characteristics of transportation planning in the future. In the second section these propositions are related to the desired skills of transportation planners. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282163 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468169 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Larson, Thomas D AU - Haack, Harvey AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATING TOMORROW'S TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 90-99 AB - This paper discusses issues and trends in transportation and their implications for engineers and for engineering education. The discussion is supplemented with examples of what has been done at the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation to enhance engineering education and training. Conclusions are drawn about impacts for education and industry. With respect to education, it is indicated that an impact must be made on all levels of education in order to produce the model engineer; greater emphasis must be placed on developing individual capabilities commensurate with the individual's ability. With respect to industry, implications are discussed with regard to the experienced engineer, the engineer-in-training, the engineering profession, and the involvement of industry in education. Various techniques are identified to avert the danger of stagnation of experienced engineers, including job rotation, retraining, in-house training, and continuing education. The engineer-in-training should be challenged as early as possible to perform to the full extent of his or her capability. For the engineering profession, it is necessary to develop and promote the image of engineering and the attractiveness of engineering as a career path. Industry's involvement in education can take several forms, including encouraging employees to run for membership on local school boards and to be guest speakers, adopting a secondary school type of program, providing summer jobs and internships, making funds and equipment available to institutions of higher learning, encouraging employees to assume adjunct faculty positions, and encouraging full-time faculty to accept a short-term appointment to industry as a visiting scientist. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Engineers KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282164 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468164 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION AND TRAINING--MEETING THE CHALLENGE SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - 212 p. AB - The Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Education and Training organized a special conference on the needs and opportunities that face transportation education and training. The objectives of the conference were to: (1) define the skills and educational backgrounds needed by new transportation professionals at all levels to meet the challenges they will likely face during their careers--these challenges were to be viewed from the perspectives of transportation system employers, educators, and users; (2) review the education and training currently being offered by academic institutions, technical schools, continuing education programs, and in-house training programs, and assess their capability to meet evolving needs and propose changes required in these programs to meet evolving needs; and (3) recommend other concepts and actions that will enhance the continuing contributions of transportation education and training to the profession and to improvements in transportation. For 3 days conference participants deliberated on the major education and training issues facing the transportation profession. The first half of the conference focused on the numbers and types of transportation professionals desired by industry and government. Conference participants were assigned to one of five workshops in which the demand for transportation engineers, planners, transit operations personnel, technicians, and analysts for private sector firms was examined. After discussion of the demand characteristics for each type of transportation professional, the second half of the conference was devoted to an examination of the challenges faced by universities and training programs in supplying these types of transportation professionals. Special attention was given to the role of research, the development of curricula, and the importance of attracting women and minorities to the profession. This report contains the findings of this conference and the resource papers produced to stimulate discussion among conference participants. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282159 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468171 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smith, Wilbur S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION CONSULTANTS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 106-112 AB - Understanding the inner-connectives in transportation might be more important to the transportation consultant than understanding too thoroughly each of the individual pieces. Today, the professional is in the midst of very complicated planning, design, and management of projects. The smorgasboard of professional activities and opportunities can to a degree be overwhelming. These situations can be overcome by giving full attention to personal achievements and advances and also to advances in the overall interest of the profession. Because it is not possible to expand or greatly change the curricula of most engineering courses, it might be advisable for universities to emphasize to students the need for continuing education when they enter transportation consulting. Encouraging students to participate in professional conferences, including the preparation and presentation of technical papers, and to become a part of the transportation profession as soon as they are qualified can be valuable to consulting organizations. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Professional personnel KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation engineering KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282166 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468173 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Reading, James E AU - England, Barbara A AU - Strecker, James W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS PERSONNEL SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 124-130 AB - This paper discusses the skills required for transit operations personnel and the training provided after individuals are hired. Using the Operations Division of the Central Ohio Transit Authority as a case study, the paper examines the different training and other qualifications a transit authority might require of their employees as well as training opportunities they should be offered for the purposes of self-motivation and enhancing the possibility of advancement. For higher level positions such as assistant general manager, operations executive assistant, and superintendents of different departments, in addition to competency in the area of specialization, a degree in business administration is desired. Operations are generally divided into the major functional areas of transportation, maintenance, and building and grounds; each area is headed by a superintendent. The majority of motor coach operators, clerical staff, maintenance staff for equipment and buildings, and other positions, are unionized. After selection for most of these positions, employees are given on-the-job training, possibly supplemented by special training offered by equipment manufacturers. Employees are provided various incentives to enhance job performance and opportunity for advancement through training and education activities, including (a) tuition reimbursement programs for courses and for continuing education, (b) reimbursement for expenses incurred in attending and participation in professional meetings, and (c) contracting for training programs. The paper concludes with the observation that a dynamic process exists, and that the success of the process depends on the realistic assessment of skills needed for various positions and the establishment of a comprehensive program to develop further technical skills, leadership qualities, and the ability to deal effectively with others and with problems. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transit operators KW - Transit personnel KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282168 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468175 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Beimborn, Edward AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: UNIVERSITY DEGREE PROGRAMS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - p. 138-147 AB - This state-of-the-art paper presents an overview of university degree programs in transportation education. It is reported that transportation education in the United States follows an interdisciplinary approach with a relatively small level of effort overall. Programs are generally small and diverse and operate between established departments and interdisciplinary centers. There is a continuing process of schools entering and leaving the field as schools attempt to develop and maintain research programs to support educational activities. Many serious problems affect the transportation educational programs. These include a fluctuating job market, lack of competitive salaries for technically skilled graduates, an unstable funding base that has fallen far behind the level necessary to maintain quality programs, a loss of relevancy, and very little opportunity for free inquiry into long-range issues facing transportation. These problems are serious and need to be addressed. Some ways to deal with them include: greater input by the transportation community into educational programs, increased emphasis on continuing education, restructured and expanded financial support, and greater emphasis on developing innovation and creativity skills for graduates. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financial requirements KW - Financing KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Job opportunities KW - Quality KW - Quality control KW - Salaries KW - State of the art studies KW - Transportation careers KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282170 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468177 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Spreitzer, William M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 160-165 AB - This paper identifies and discusses innovative funding sources for transportation research in an era of scarce funding. Several premises underlie this paper: the demand for trained personnel should lead the supply; fundamental conflicts exist between research objectives and applied opportunities, especially in universities; the responsibility for major support of basic research remains with the federal government; and the research community consists of high-, medium-, and low-quality personnel. In dealing with the current lack of funds, it is counterproductive to gripe and commiserate. Universities need to become involved in consulting or contract work during this time of financial shortages and declining markets for long-range research because contacts made will build exposure and credibility and could result in opportunities for basic research. Bootstrapping is another way to get started, and it could come from seed money grants, building block support from other contracts, or entering into new areas through professional and technical societies. Research with industry can be exciting and stimulating as theories are tested in a real world environment. Consulting for state and local sponsors in established areas can lead to support for newly developing topics. The present paucity of funding for transportation research appears natural, temporary, and probably deserved. The elimination of less capable investigators from the transportation research field is healthy. The challenge is for deserving investigators to do what is necessary to justify the importance and value of their proposed work. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Research KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282172 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468180 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dorsett, Katie G AU - Benjamin, Julian M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION CAREERS FOR MINORITIES SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 192-199 AB - This paper discusses the participation of minorities in the transportation industry. Opportunities have been primarily at the entry or low level of the career ladder, and opportunities for professionals have been limited in all modes. Approximately 72 percent of all managerial, administrative positions are currently held by white males, and only 3 percent are held by blacks, a situation which is even more pronounced in the transportation industry. There is good potential for graduates throughout the transportation industry but the greatest number of positions are in motor freight, and the higher salaries are in physical distribution management, areas which must be included in academic programs for minorities. As the need for professionals in different transportation areas changes, these changes must be reflected in curriculum design. Historically black colleges enroll more than 60 percent of all black students. They provide points of access and offer better odds for retention and attainment for blacks than do other institutions. Few historically black colleges have transportation programs. Academic programs at minority campuses tend to overemphasize public sector training; however, graduates who accepted positions in freight transportation were given starting salaries twice that of graduates in the public sector. Because programs that assume advanced mathematical skills, such as engineering, will necessarily exclude the majority of students with average math skills and because business programs require competency in a wide range of skills, not to mention the marketability of their graduates, it is suggested that transportation programs for minorities be located in a school of business and emphasize carrier and physical distribution management. The alternative approach is a multidisciplinary one, which provides transportation courses from the outset. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Job opportunities KW - Minorities KW - Salaries KW - Transportation careers KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282175 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468176 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Cyra, David J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: TECHNICAL TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 148-159 AB - The rapid growth of transportation systems during the past 3 decades has posed unique challenges to transportation education in the 1980s. On the one hand, practitioners still need to be grounded in the technical skills offered, usually in academic disciplines such as engineering and urban planning. However, expanded service demands, coupled with financial constraints and complicated employee relations, make it essential that these same practitioners acquire the managerial skills necessary to run cost-effective, employee-efficient systems. In addition, the constant change and proliferation of technology, most notably in the communications and microcomputer fields, mean that transportation professionals must regularly participate in continuing education and technical training programs. This paper concentrates on continuing education and technical training and offers guidelines for how such programs can both reinforce and complement traditional academic courses. A systems approach is used and a continuing education working model is constructed. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Guidelines KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Systems analysis KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282171 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468178 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Paaswell, Robert E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH AND ITS LINK TO EDUCATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 166-183 AB - This paper deals with that aspect of transportation research that is conducted at universities and colleges. It covers the objectives, conduct of research in an academic setting, research needs and support, and the future of university research. The following conclusions are offered: Transportation research is an integral part of academic programs at universities and colleges. It is normally conducted by a team that consists of at least one faculty and one student, often more of both and often interdisciplinary. Transportation research has a beneficial impact on academic programs. It provides new ideas and theories for use in formal curriculum and training for both graduate and undergraduate students in the demands of their future profession and in the methods of conducting rigorous inquiry. Transportation research today is shifting from dealing with problems concerning the building and development of infrastructure to problems of managing, operating, and extending its life. Transportation research at universities should be dealing with longer term needs of the population, including the impacts of rapidly changing demographics, a shifting economy, and the growing role of computers and communication in the workplace. Academic transportation research has been influenced by short-run pragmatically stated national, state, and local needs. Academic transportation research has been responsive, and there are many examples of its contribution. Academic research responds to its own reward structure. Promotion and tenure are often based on the quality and quantity of publications and the ability to obtain sponsored research. In recent years, the pressure to obtain sponsored research per se has begun to outweigh the academic merit of much of the research. What is lacking at traditionally strong transportation institutions is the development of new research programs and research agendas that will address longer term, innovative transportation agendas. The problem of developing such programs comes not from a lack of interest by faculty and students, but from a lack of encouragement by the institutions themselves. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Curricula KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Interdisciplinary KW - Interdisciplinary studies KW - Long term KW - Research KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - Universities and colleges UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282173 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468166 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Kulash, Damian J AU - Hyman, William A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FUTURE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION PROFESSIONALS: THE OUTLOOK FOR ENGINEERS IN STATE DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 18-36 AB - Following a brief sketch of the current market for civil engineers, this conference paper examines whether the future supply of entry-level engineers to state highway agencies will be sufficient. The focus is on the following five components: (1) the outlook for future college enrollments in general, particularly in engineering fields; (2) the share of engineering students entering civil engineering; (3) the number of new graduates that are United States citizens and able to work in the United States; (4) the proportion of these graduates that state highway agencies recruit; and (5) how the number of new engineers that states recruit compares with the number of new recruits needed. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Civil engineers KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Markets KW - Professional personnel KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Trend (Statistics) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282161 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468167 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Pignataro, Louis J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION: WHAT SHOULD THE PRODUCT BE? SUMMARY OF PAPERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 75-82 AB - Each of the following conference papers is summarized with concurrence of ideas being noted: Transportation Education: Educating Tomorrow's Transportation Planners, M.D. Meyer; Educating Tomorrow's Transportation Engineers, T.D. Larson and H. Haack; Transportation Education: Training Requirements for Transportation Technologists, D.L. Woods, A.N. Evans, and C.V. Wootan; Education Requirements for Transportation Consultants, W.S. Smith; What are Shippers and Carriers Looking For?, G.E. Germane; and Training Requirements for Transportation Operations Personnel, J.E. Reading, B.A. England, and J.W. Strecker. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Carriers KW - Conferences KW - Consultants KW - Demand KW - Education KW - Engineers KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Professional personnel KW - Shippers KW - Traffic managers KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282162 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468170 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Woods, Donald L AU - Evans, A Nelson AU - Wootan, Charley V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRAINING REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSPORTATION TECHNICIANS AND TECHNOLOGISTS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 100-105 AB - Several forces have acted to raise the need for technicians in transportation to increasingly higher levels. Shrinking real dollars in transportation budgets have moved transportation professionals into broader analytical and management responsibilities. Inflation and conservative legislatures have held down the transportation work force and incentives to young professionals. The volume of work has changed to reflect more manpower-intensive projects due to budget and environmental pressures and the need to get better utilization from existing facilities and to avoid replacement or costly expansion. Transportation agencies are facing growing demands and a shrinking trained work force. This paper points out two basic needs for training transportation technologists: (a) technical training to prepare technologists for entry-level positions and (b) retraining those currently employed as technologists. These training needs will be provided by four sources including (a) in-house training, (b) equipment manufacturers, (c) technical societies, and (d) technical schools. The paper identifies various skills required to properly train civil engineering technologists, and supplements this listing of basic skills with specific skills associated with specialization areas of transportation stratified into (a) highway and street design; (b) surveying, mapping, and field location; (c) traffic control; (d) construction and maintenance; and (e) public transportation. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Demand KW - Deployment KW - Engineering personnel KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Labor force KW - Professional personnel KW - Scientific personnel KW - Technicians KW - Training KW - Transportation careers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282165 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00468174 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hoel, Lester A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SUPPLYING TRANSPORTATION EDUCATION. SUMMARY OF PAPERS SN - 0-039-03914-2 PY - 1985 IS - 210 SP - pp 131-137 AB - The following conference papers are summarized: Transportation Education: University Degree Programs, E. Beimborn; Transportation Education: Technical Training and Continuing Education, D.J. Cyra; Efficient Utilization of Transportation Research and Educational Resources, W.M. Spreitzer; Transportation Research and Its Link to Education, R.E. Paaswell; Education and Training Needs of Women in Transportation, L.C. Liburdi; and Transportation Careers for Minorities, K.G. Dorsett and J.M. Benjamin. U1 - Conference on Surface Transportation Education and TrainingUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationWilliamsburg,Virginia,United States StartDate:19841028 EndDate:19841031 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Conferences KW - Education KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Minorities KW - Research KW - Training KW - Transportation KW - Transportation careers KW - Transportation research UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/282169 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468015 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 1985 TRAINING DIRECTORY PY - 1985 SP - 38 p. AB - Topics covered are: Transportation Planning and Operations Methods; Safety and Security; Vehicles and System Engineering; Transit Services and Performance; and Managerial Training. KW - Directories KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Management KW - Management training KW - Microprocessors KW - Public transit KW - Safety KW - Technical assistance KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279235 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451147 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDowell, Bruce D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL ELEMENTS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: PUZZLING OVER THE METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION PUZZLE PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 15-19 AB - Moving financial planning toward greater effectiveness within its present environment requires different skills than the readily available technical ones of forecasting, costing, and budgeting. The approach presented in this paper focuses directly on the scarcer skills and resources needed for managing interpersonal and intergovernmental dynamics. The tasks undertaken are: refining the concept of financial planning to meet today's circumstances; examining alternative approaches to financial planning that might yield better results; identifying those organizations and individuals who hold financial power; appraising alternative methods of linking separate revenue and expenditure streams to commonly held regional goals and strategies; evaluating the roles of metropolitan planning organizations in the linking process; and characterizing the types of skills needed to successfully plan metropolitan transportation finances. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270052 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399318 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Carbaugh, Larry W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FROM THE 1980 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 35-38 AB - The results of the 1980 Census of Population and Housing, which emphasized data for local areas and the involvement of users in defining tabulation areas and disseminating data products, was released through 3 major media: printed reports, computer tapes, and microfiche. The printed reports consist of 3 groups: population census, housing census, and joint population and housing census. These are further classified geographically into a series of area reports, one for each state and another for each metropolitan area. These reports are described further and the subject items included in the 1980 census are tabulated. A series of machine-readable summary data files parallels the release of the printed reports. These files often contain more detail than the printed reports. Data files are also released that contain instead of summary data, disaggregated individual person and household records. Summary data, microdata, and software to assist users in accessing and using machine-readable data are described. Special microfiches are available that provide useful data for enumerating districts and block groups from STFs 1 and 3. Two programs highlight the 1980 data program's emphasis on local involvement in specifying tabulation areas and in disseminating data products: the Neighborhood Statistics Program, and the State Data Center Program. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Electronic media KW - Machine readable tapes KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Microfiche KW - Microforms KW - Reports KW - Software KW - Statistics KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-004.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218113 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399333 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Bounpane, Peter A AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISSUES CONCERNING TRANSPORTATION DATA IN THE 1990 CENSUS PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 108-116 AB - The Census planning process is briefly described, and issues unique to transportation items including questionnaire content, coding and tabulation are discussed in some detail. The first part of the paper is devoted to general content issues and the second part to transportation content issues. Six criteria for content selection and set forth and standards that must be applied are listed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Criteria KW - Data KW - Planning KW - Questionnaires KW - Standards KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tabulation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-019.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218128 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399335 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Wickstrom, George V AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 135-136 AB - It is noted that as the urban area expands, more detail is needed. Census journey-to-work data can be used as a data base to meet the need to update inputs to models as well as to verify the stability of the parameters used in the models themselves. New planning issues have emerged at fewer scales of analysis including private sector provision of new infrastructure, traffic management of peak-hour congestion, parking, access to transit, and the provision of ridesharing and exclusive travelways for high-occupancy vehicles. These and other changing needs are noted, and it is thought that the census journey-to-work survey will be useful in addressing them. The comprehensiveness of the census journey-to-work data is noted. Additional data are needed in order to make the data base more relevant to current planning issues: these include information on the leaving and arrival time for the work trip and whether a work trip to the usual work location was made yesterday and all the modes of travel used (as opposed to the usual mode). Also, transit-agencies will be well served by a question asking whether any household member used transit yesterday for a nonwork transit trip. Above all, user-based geography is essential if the data are to be relevant to needs. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Geographic information systems KW - Geography KW - Highway traffic control KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-021.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218130 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399322 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Schmitt, Rolf R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - USES OF TRANSPORTATION AND PLACE-OF-WORK DATA FROM THE 1980 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p 58 AB - The papers presented in Part-II of this conference, Data User Experience with the 1980 Census, underscore the converging interests of the transportation community and other planners, analysts, and researchers. The growing constituency for decennial census data within the transportation community is suggested in the full three papers. The first paper examines, from the Florida perspective, a relatively new involvement of state transportation agencies in acquiring and using data from the decennial census. The second paper reviews the ongoing, traditional uses of Census data for urban transportation planning based on the Philadelphia experience. The third paper focuses on the particular needs of transit-based on nationwide experiences. The growing constituency beyond the transportation community for the transportation elements of the decennial census is suggested in the next four papers. One paper illustrates how the journey-to-work questions have been used by public agencies involved in economic development and social service planning in the New York area. Another paper describes the diverse uses of similar census data in Southern California by private firms for marketing, site selection, etc. Both public and private applications of the data by a Statewide constituency of small agencies, firms, and individuals in Pennsylvania is covered in a further paper. Another paper explains how one study is currently using the data to compare changes over time and among metropolitan areas in geography, demographics and travel patterns. This part of the Conference concludes with a paper that summarized comments by the users of the 1980 census and compares the comments with those of users of the equivalent data from the 1970 census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Demographics KW - Economic development KW - Geography KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - State departments of transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-008.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218117 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399331 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Levine, Daniel B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - PART IV PLANS FOR THE 1990 CENSUS--INTRODUCTION PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 99-100 AB - The session on Plans for the 1990 Census clearly illustrates how much progress has been made since 1973. The first paper in this session, presents an overview of planning process for 1990 and contrasts the current approach with that leading to the 1980 census. It highlights the issues and alternatives being considered by those at the bureau faced with planning and leading 1990 endeavor. It sets forth and describes the five areas in which the bureau fully expects to make improvements over the 1980 performance, namely, collection, automation, outreach and publicity, coverage improvement and measurement, and content. The second paper focuses specifically on the issues concerning transportation data. Following some introductory detail on the planning process, much of the discussion is devoted to issues unique to transportation items in the census, including questionnaire content, coding, and tabulation. Some hard questions are also raised. The final paper provides a clear description of the Census Bureau's proposed methodology for dealing with location, in other words, how the bureau plans to assign each housing unit and work location to the correct geographic location, be it street, tract, county, or political entity. The paper describes clearly and in detail the bureau's new approach to provide the required support materials in dealing with small area data. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data collection KW - Employment KW - Geography KW - Housings KW - Improvements KW - Planning KW - Publicity KW - Questionnaires KW - Small areas KW - Tables (Data) KW - Tabulation KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-017.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218126 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399321 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - McDonnell, James J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - PART III DATA-USER EXPERIENCE WITH THE 1980 CENSUS--OPENING STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p 57 AB - Papers presented at this session on the Data-User Experience with the 1980 Census describe in detail such uses, ranging from national, state, local, and interregional planning to service to local government on land use and employment estimates. From a strictly transportation planning point of view, the transportation-oriented data have generally been used to develop a new data base for urbanized areas. Another important use has been in the application of existing models and in the development of new models, especially for mode-split analysis and shared-ride options. Data have been used for subarea planning, alternatives analysis, air-quality and energy studies, and land use forecasting. The data have highlighted the unserved transit patron and provided information for Title VI transit reports. Studies of hazardous waste transportation have been done for both night and day circumstances. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Air pollution KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Control surveys KW - Data KW - Employment KW - Energy KW - Hazardous materials KW - Land use planning KW - Local government KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-007.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218116 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472828 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PLANNING FOR BUS OPERATIONS, ALTOONA, PENNSYLVANIA, JUNE 12-14, 1985 PY - 1985 SP - v.p. AB - This document presents a summary of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's first workshop on bus safety, Safety Planning for Bus Operations, held in Altoona, Pennsylvania, June 12-14, 1985. Topics covered: Section I--Urban Mass Transportation Administration Safety Policy and Programs; Section II--Preliminary Planning for Bus Safety Programs; Sessions III and IV--Bus Industry Safety Issues Working Groups; Session V--How to Use Available Resources; Session VI--Safety Media Presentations; and Session VII--Moderator Summaries of Working Group Sessions. KW - Buses KW - Media KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281813 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472827 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PLANNING FOR BUS OPERATIONS, MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA, FEBRUARY 20-22, 1985 PY - 1985 SP - v.p. AB - This document presents a summary of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's second workshop on bus safety, Safety Planning for Bus Operations, held in Monterey, California, February 20-22, 1985. Topics covered: Section I--Urban Mass Transportation Administration Safety Policy and Programs; Section II--Preliminary Planning for Bus Safety Programs; Sessions III and IV--Bus Industry Safety Issues Working Groups; Session V--How to Use Available Resources; Session VI--Safety Media Presentations; and Session VII--Moderator Summaries of Working Group Sessions. KW - Buses KW - Media KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281812 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399327 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Diamond, Rube AU - Transportation Research Board TI - MARKETING UTPP DATA TO THE PRIVATE SECTOR PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 80-83 AB - The experience is described and the results are given regarding the marketing of Urban Transportation Package (UTPP) data to the private sector by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). This paper describes how (a) the private sector was reached but not breached, (b) the kind of firms that ordered UTPP data, (c) the type of data that was purchased, and (d) some representative uses of the data purchased. The first effort to reach local users was by a news release. This was followed by marketing and educational workshops, which was followed by visits to the workshop registrants and participants. However, the backbone of the marketing effort was the UTPP mail-order catalog and related single-page brochure. It is noted that there is a need for a federal agency to organize and present a program that informs and educates the private sector on the use of UTPP data. The need is indicated for a marketing strategy that includes a computer-knowledge staff dedicated to designing and selling customized user-needed products. Views are expressed regarding the uncoded UTPP data, minority marketing and transportation-related data relating to the physically handicapped. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Brochures KW - Catalogs KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Corporations KW - Data KW - Mail order business KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Package and mail service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Publicity KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Workshops UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-013.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218122 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399319 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Fulton, Philip N AU - Transportation Research Board TI - TRANSPORTATION DATA FROM THE 1980 CENSUS: A RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 39-47 AB - An assessment is made of the success of the Census Bureau in achieving its goals in the 1980 Census: (a) include additional transportation questions to meet program needs, (b) provide more journey-to-work data in standard census products, (c) improve the equality of small-area place-of-work coding, and (d) increase the utility of the Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP). The 1980 Census included 8 transportation items: Six population questions and 2 housing questions. These questions elicited data on place-of-work, means of transportation, carpooling, travel time, personal disabilities, and automobile availability, light-trucks and vans per household. Standard census data products included printed reports for states and Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) that contain information on all the various subjects collected in the census, special reports that focus on a particular subject, and data on computer tape. In the 1980 census geographic block coding of place-of-work was more extensive than in the previous census, and workers were assigned to the census tract of work if a block code could not be obtained. Several of the noteworthy improvements were also made in the 1980 place-of-work coding operation that resulted in more accurate small-area data. The Census Bureau again produced the UTPP after the 1980 Census; the specifications were developed by transportation planners under the auspices of the Transportation Research Board and funding was provided by the Department of Transportation. 1980 UTPP highlights, problems, and selected results of the program are discussed. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automobiles KW - Carpools KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Electronic media KW - Employment KW - Geographic information systems KW - Households KW - Housings KW - Light trucks KW - Machine readable tapes KW - Magnetic tapes KW - Physical disabilities KW - Population KW - Reports KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel time KW - Vans KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-005.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218114 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399332 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Butz, William P AU - Transportation Research Board TI - ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES IN PLANNING THE 1990 CENSUS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - p. 101-107 AB - This paper which reviews the planning process for the 1990 census, contrasts the current approach with that leading to the 1980 census. The paper highlights the issues and alternatives being considered in the plans for 1990 and sets forth those areas in which improvements are expected: data collection, automation, outreach, publicity, coverage improvement and measurement, and content. Each of these aspects is discussed in some length in this paper. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automation KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Measurement KW - Planning KW - Publicity KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-018.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218127 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399334 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Marx, Robert W AU - Transportation Research Board TI - IMPLICATIONS OF THE 1990 CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PLACE-OF-WORK CODING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 117-129 AB - This paper, which explains how geographic support activities fit into the Census Bureau's program, describes how support work was performed in the past, and discusses some of the problems that resulted from the process. Work that will be done to improve the performance of these products for 1990 and the implications of this change for planners is also discussed. The assigning of each housing unit and work location to the correct geographic location is described--information that is useful to planners dealing with truly small area data. The Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (TIGER) file, its mathematical basis and structure, its use for the 1990 census, and its other benefits are described. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Computer programs KW - Conferences KW - Data KW - Employment KW - Geography KW - Housings KW - Improvements KW - Performance KW - Transportation planning UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-020.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218129 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399336 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Hall, G E AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PANEL DISCUSSION: TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AND INFORMATION NEEDS IN THE 1990S PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 136-137 AB - It is noted that information such as journey-to-work automobile ownership, etc., is also of importance in non-transportation areas. More general socioeconomic census data from the perspective the workplace would also be useful to the non-transportation user. The Census Bureau is urged to work ahead to the year 2000 because profound changes could be expected in that year regarding the ways of work and travel. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Automobile ownership KW - Census KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Employment KW - Information organization KW - Needs assessment KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - User needs KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-022.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218131 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399316 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Robertson, Richard B AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING - KEYNOTE ADDRESS PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - pp 22-26 AB - The FHWA and the Bureau of the Census have worked together over the last 30 years to provide information for a federally aided surface transportation program that incorporates a balanced role around the federal, state, and local governments. It is noted that conferences such as these are vital to the Bureau in their efforts to search the needs of the transportation constituency. Census data play a valuable role in accurately estimating future changes in social and demographic characteristics that affect travel habits, population shifts, and population growth and change. These forecasts then become the bases for estimating future highway needs and for developing funding recommendations. To maximize the effectiveness of the governments' response to these changes, it is critical that demographic and journey-to-work trends be monitored through a comprehensive program. Small area data on places of work and commuting patterns are critical. It is necessary to be able to evaluate the impact of both short- and long-term impacts. It is necessary to know the characteristics of existing traffic in traffic analysis zones. Information must be available at geographic levels that permit accurate impact analysis within traffic zones, and it must be available in a timely and useable manner. The Bureau of the Census has identified four issues of substantial interest: level of geographic coding for the place-of-work question; subject matter to be included in the questionnaire; overall sample size; and cost and who should pay for block traffic-analysis-zone coding. It is intended that this Conference will identify data needs and develop recommendations which can be used in designing the 1990 Census. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Analysis KW - Census KW - Coding KW - Coding systems KW - Conferences KW - Data needs KW - Demographics KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Future policies KW - Geographic information systems KW - Impacts KW - Information organization KW - Investments KW - Local government KW - Policy KW - Population growth KW - Recommendations KW - Sampling KW - Social factors KW - State government KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - U.S. Federal Highway Administration KW - United States KW - Work trips UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206-002.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218111 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451148 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Scheuernstuhl, George J AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: DENVER, COLORADO PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 20-26 AB - The Denver Regional Council of Governments (DRCOG) has been working at finding and seeking acceptance of additional local and state funding sources to meet current and future demand for transportation faclities. Of the state and federal funds available to Denver, only 35 percent may be available by 1990. The Regional Transportation District (RTD), created in 1969, has access to the following sources of revenue: sales tax, federal grants, operating revenues, interest income, and property taxes. The RTD has also been granted the power to levy an additional sales tax. In 1972 the RTD was also given the power to issue up to $425 million in revenue bonds, backed by sales tax receipts, to finance a multi-model transportation system. In 1981 the Colorado Special District Act authorized the creation of metropolitan districts that provide two or more of various services, including transportation. The Special Districts have many powers, including those to enter contracts and agreements to issue bonds, including revenue bonds; and to charge and set fees, rates, tolls, and so forth. A metropolitan district may also provide traffic control devices, enter agreements with counties, the Colorado Department of Highways, or railroads; provide street or transportation services. The Special Districts can levy and collect ad valorem taxes, create reserve funds, issue negotiable coupon bonds, issue tax-exempt revenue bonds, and deposit money. Since metropolitan district funds used for street improvements are actually taxes levied by the private sector on the private sector, Special Districts are a mechanism whereby transportation improvements are financed by the private sector. The cooperative action taken by a number of metropolitan districts in funding major arterial and freeway improvements is the Joint Southeast Public Improvement Association (JSPIA), founded in 1982; its members help fund off-site improvements--that is, projects not necessarily located in a member's district but believed to benefit all indirectly. A 1984 report by DRCOG made recommendations embodying the following concepts: (1) traditional financing sources must be relied on if the necessary funding is to be attained; (2) an urgent need exists to develop an additional funding source for regional roads; (3) a joint transit and highway transportation funding effort is preferable to individual modal actions; and (4) jurisdictions should not be legally inhibited from pursuing policies to use public and private financial sources more efficiently. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Bonds KW - Case studies KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Highways KW - Legislation KW - Needs assessment KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Recommendations KW - Sales tax UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270053 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451150 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mason, Jack AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: PORTLAND, OREGON PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 30-31 AB - In Portland, Oregon, available resources dictate the level of transit services that can be offered. In 1976 it was decided to build the light-rail system from downtown Portland to suburban Gresham, a decision that marked a strong shift from highways to transit as a transportation solution. This commitment to mass transit has been continued by the Metropolitan Services District (MSD), Portland's planning agency, which is responsible for development of the 20-year regional transportation plan. The regional transportation plan (TRP) is the basis for Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation's 5-year plan, the Transit Development Program (TDP), which had an extensive and detailed service plan but no financial plan. This lack had a significant impact, causing postponements and reductions of planned service. The first step of the plan, in September 1982, included the introduction of the self-service fare system, a grid system, and fare adjustment. Tri-Met's service grew steadily from 1970 through September 1982, when a grid system increased weekday service by nearly 10 percent. By 1983, rides per service-hour had dropped to their second lowest level ever. Service was cut by 2 percent in June 1983 and by 6 percent in January 1984. By June 1984, when plans were announced to cut service another 6 percent, consensus of the regional subdivisions had collasped. In June 1977 relatively accurate financial projections were made, except that the cost of providng planned service was not included. A financial forecasting model was finally put together in 1981. Another study found that more financing would be needed to provide the service demanded, but Tri-Met's Board concluded that it must live within existing resources. Its two major sources of revenue are farebox receipts and an employer-payroll tax. Annual increases in revenues from employer-payroll tax have varied widely, due mostly to employment fluctuations. Farebox receipts rose from 1969 until 1981, when they leveled and declined slightly. Self-service fare was introduced in September 1982; that system was used about 18 months but was dropped since costs were not being offset by operating savings. The passenger-revenue forecasting model, with imputs of some 200 variables, and now a useful tool for the 5-year plan. Operating losses have occurred the last 3 fiscal years; the depth and length of the recession were not appreciated. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Case studies KW - Economic factors KW - Fares KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Taxation KW - Taxes KW - Transit services KW - Transportation planning KW - Wages UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270055 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451152 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Small, E H AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: BUFFALO, NEW YORK PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 37-38 AB - Buffalo, New York, in the two-county area of Erie and Nigara, is facing significant changes in its economy; major industries are phasing down or out. Since its metropolitan planning organization (MPO) has seven voting members, decision making can take a relatively long time. Downtown has a transit mall and a light-rail project that bisect the district and form a major focus for urban redevelopment. Transit is a major aspect of downtown development. When the Niagara Fontier Transportation Authority voted to advance the light-rail project and Niagara County voted not to advance it in 1976, their differences had to be reasolved because decisions of MPO, of which they are both members, must be unamimous. A transit financial study made to protect Niagara County's concerns and to reflect Erie County's fair share yielded a 5-year transit operating assistance plan. Its major issues were as follows: Shall transit be expanded? Should there be more service or the same service with lower fares or equal fares? If federal and state aid falters, what level of local government should be anticipated to support ransit? What funding source should be considered for that type of financial need? The New York State transportation law requires the state to provide operating assistance to the urban districts in an amount proportional to their service characteristics; counties in that service district are to provide matching amounts. When Erie County and Niagara County were offered three choices: more service, the same service, or reduced service with various fare optios, they accepted the provision that if additional aid did sometime come to the region, it would not be allocated to Niagara County. They accepted the equity issue--that revenues would be credited to the boarding passengers in each county for the particular mode operating in that county and that cost would be attributable to vehicle miles and service of that particular mode in that particular county. The priorities of residents of the two counties were fare increases, service cutbacks, and federal and state aid; local aid was not one of the options. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Operating assistance KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Surveys UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270057 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451154 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Stanley, Ralph L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - UMTA'S PERSPECTIVE PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 43-44 AB - Our metropolitan regions' expanding need for mobility is accompanied by a national concern for federal spending. If transportation services required by sprawling metropolitan regions are to be maintained, ways must be found to augment federal transit assistance. A four-point plan covering problems in the realm of local financing has been developed. First, financial planning must be developed in conjunction with transportation forecasting activities. Once a transit need is established, an effective project that meets specific regional demands should be developed, with a fiscal plan that responds to the project's monetary requirements. Alternative funding measures should be based on a community's relative needs and assets; they must reflect the region's particular characteristics. Involving the private sector in developing alternative funding sources has overwhelming advantages, including stronger, more efficient transit systems; gearing transportation to local needs; enhancing the financial base; and promoting community interest that may lead to enhanced ridership. The third point is the necessity of devising sound, state-of-the-art financial planning techniques to produce the best funding systems available. Such planning mechanism must be in place at the system's earliest stage. A system can be cost-effective only if it is concived with meticulous precision. Data input must be consistent with empirical evidence to ensure that the results are an accurate representation of the needs and expectations of the public. Implementing a package logically employing the specifics determined during planning is the fourth stage. For a plan to be applied effectively, a good working relationship must be established among all concerned parties; private citizens' input must be obtained early; and everone involved must be aware of their respective roles and responsibilities. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cooperation KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Implementation KW - Needs assessment KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270059 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451161 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Mitchell, Samuel R AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING AND IMPLEMENTING A FINANCIAL PLAN PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p 62 AB - Salesmanship was a produce of the workshops on packaging and implementing a financial plan. Constituencies and all interested sectors must be educated--not just the general assembly, state legislature, and city council but also social, economic, political, and business groups. Good, strong controls must be kept on communications about projects, and people who run briefing sessions and are in contact with the public should be identified. One school of thought that has developed about revenue sources says that there is a better chance of gaining one's objective if the person in charge does the front-end thinking and gives the politicians something they can look at and compare with other proposals. Giving politicians ideas on specifics can help convince them why the project or process you want is important and good. One way to establish a funding level is to pad the proposal and then horse trade, though this can cause a credibility problem. A real, tight, livable, honest, and defendable budget has a better chance of being accepted. The private sector must be able to identify the cost and benefit relatiohship to be enticed into supporting the project. The workshops reflect what is perceived to be a revolution. The public and private sectors, developed during the depression, are now merging. The private sector must become socially conscious, and the public sector must become more responsive to the profit motive and think more the way the private sector does. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Economics KW - Education KW - Finance KW - Financial planning KW - Governments KW - Implementation KW - Packaging KW - Politics KW - Private enterprise KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270066 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451158 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Keck, Carol AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING: NEEDS, ROLES, AND RELATIONSHIPS PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 59 AB - Workshops on the needs, roles, and relationships involved in financial planning are summarized. Using a gaming simulation and role-playing technique, one workshop identified two categorites of concerns in the planning process: those of "management," or decision makers, and those of the "technicians." Management must be fair and equitable, whereas technicians may suffer from a credibility problem. The second workshop focused on four issues: (1) Who is responsible for various types of planning efforts? (2) What incentives exist for those people to undertake those efforts? (3) How can planners' credibility be improved? (4) How can a financial planning or strategic planning process be initiated? They concluded that more communication and interaction were needed among all involved and that neither type of planning usually takes place; precedent usually shapes what follows. They also concluded that the private sector has a vested interest in ensuring that adequate planning occurs and in initiating it. The third workshop concentrated on assuring that planning participants developed meaningful interpersonal relationships, the success of which is often gauged by the credibility of the products of the planning proceess and the environment and atmosphere in which decisions are reached. The fourth workshop, in trying to answer questions posed earlier, concluded that (1) the planning process should be from the bottom up; (2) common goals are necessary to integrate the financial, strategic, and transportation processing among all participants and governments; and (3) financial planning should be used to limit transportation planning realistically since financial resources are also limited. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Communications KW - Decision making KW - Finance KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Relationships KW - Responsibilities KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270063 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451509 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN SEATTLE TRANSIT PROJECT. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1985 SP - 392 p. AB - This environmental impact statement (EIS) is about the environmental impacts of proposals to improve the transit system through downtown Seattle, Washington. It informs government agencies and interested citizens about proposed transit project alternatives. The document consists of both the draft and final documants and is supported by technical appendices and reports. Three government agencies--UMTA, Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro), and the City of Seattle--have spent the better part of the past decade studying the problems leading to the proposals in this EIS. In Seattle topography limits expansion of the transportation network. Elliott Bay on the west and Interstate 5 on the east limit north-south CBD travel. East-west travel is hindered by steep streets. In addition to discussing existing conditions and 1990 No-Action conditions, this document evaluates 4 proposed alternatives/solutions to transit congestion in the Seattle CBD: Transportation System Management (TSM); a TSM Non-Intercept Mall; a Mall with Transit Centers; and a Tunnel. The document describes these alternatives and evaluates the probable social, economic, and physical environmental impacts associated with the project. The report identifies as a preferred alternative a project consisting of an electric-only tunnel under Third Avenue and Pine Street with a circulation system and surface improvements. Preliminary Engineering has been conducted for this preferred alternative. This work has refined the description of the locally preferred alternative and enabled additional environmental impact analysis. Additional information and reports are available to the public at the Metro library. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Central business districts KW - Circulation KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Public transit KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transit malls KW - Transportation system management KW - Trolleybuses KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266705 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451155 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Judycki, Dennis C AU - Transportation Research Board TI - EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 45-46 AB - When done as part of traditional transportation planning, financial planning can make the difference between a practical transportation plan and an impractical one. State and local agencies must assume primary responsiblity for planning and financing local transportation systems. Federal priorities are being placed on continuing Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) involvement in programs of greatest federal interest, such as competion of the Interstate system, and sharing information among states and local governments. Both FHWA and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) support the Joint Center for Urban Mobility, which is a cooperative effort by federal, state, and local governments and the private sector. The center disseminates technical information to state and local governments and assists on new approaches to urban transportation system development and financing. Joint Center studies include a case analysis of financing mechanisms, and examination of ways to improve public/private partnership in transportation planning, and an analysis of revenue forecasting approaches. FHWA and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) are conducting a study to synthesize current knowledge on toll financing and one to examine state and local ordinances that encourage private financing of public highway improvements. FHWA also studied private funds for highway improvements. Since the Public Works Improvement Act of 1984 was passed, federal agencies will have to analyze methods of financing public works improvements, trends in financing methods, and other infrastructure-related data. State and local governments must use existing revenues more effectively and identify alternative revenue sources, such as motor fuel taxes, state sales taxes on motor fuel and vehicles, toll financing, and bonding. The private sector has an increasingly significant role in planning and implementing transportation improvements. For example, the Houston Chamber of Commerce helped develope a 13-year, $17.4 billion plan for multimodal improvements; the Greater Cleveland Growth Association is addressing a severely deteriorating community infrastructure; and other private sector participants have financed intersection improvements, street widening, overpasses, and interchange construction in exchange for zoning flexibility to build office, commercial, or residential developments. Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), as partners with both private and public sectors, must ensure the development of a coordinated program of transportation improvements consistent with goals and financial resources. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Financial sources KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - State government UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270060 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451149 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Brosch, Gary L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - SOURCES OF REVENUE FOR LOCAL TRANSPORTATION: WHAT ARE THE POTENTIALS AND THE IMPEDIMENTS? PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 27-29 AB - The most significant current sources of additional local revenues for transportation, beside the traditional ones, are highway tolls, motor fuel taxes (highway and transit). Tolls are user fees imposed on those who use a transportation facility. They are advantageous in that they produce sufficient revenues; their administrative capacity exists in other toll facilities or can be created; they are efficient, well accepted by the public, and equitable to users. Tolls, however, are also difficult to adjust for inflation; the facilities they fund must be noticeably better than nontoll facilities for public acceptance, which is critical; and their operation and management must be efficient. Their revenue and cost conditions are uncertain and their opportunities for application, relatively few. Federal funds are severely restricted in toll projects, and state legislative approval is needed. Motor fuel taxes, taxes assessed locally in addition to traditional federal and state taxes, provide a reliable stream of revenue, have good revenue potential, are a mechanism for collecting tax; they have high collection efficiency and are equitable to users. Such taxes are not often used, however, since state legislatures are reluctant to share taxes; such taxes may not be well accepted if their need is not evident; these levies do not adjust with inflation unless indexed; an they may produce border problems. Sales taxes are used primarily for transit financing. They produce much revenue, respond quickly to income changes and inflation, and are more acceptable politically than other taxes. Their administration is not usually a problem, and that task plus enforcement and redistribution are usually done at the state level. They, too, however, have disadvantages: revenues decline when consumer buying drops; they may encourage purchases outside the jurisdiction; and they are less related to transportation use. Other public services also compete for this revenue source. Beneficiary-based revenues refer to the following: joint development, benefit-assessment districts, and tax-increment districts. Examples of each are provided, as well as outlines of possible advantages and disadvantages. Each possible revenue source should be examined in light of local circumstances--in terms of what will work in the particular community involved. A number of questions helpful in such an examination are provided. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Disadvantage KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Financing KW - Fuels KW - Public transit KW - Sales tax KW - Taxation KW - Toll roads KW - Transportation KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270054 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451151 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Smerk, George M AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING TECHNIQUES: WHAT ELEMENTS ARE INCLUDED IN A GOOD FINANCIAL PLAN? PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 32-36 AB - While current uncertainties in local, state and federal support for transit, management's attention should increasingly be directed towared financial planning. Financial planning identifies needs, develops managerial strategies, helps make the best use of limited resources, may reduce uncertainty, and helps educate the public and public officials. A transit property's long-range planning process is best carried out through development of a strategic plan, which is not only a capital investment plan but an integration of long- and short-term investment decisions with operational and human resource decisions. A strategic plan attempts to lay out a span of between 1 and 10 years and advance the property to what it should be doing in the future, based on the best information available and a vision of how transit may best serve the community. Strategic planning begins with an analysis of the environment in which the transit property exists. Next comes consideration of basic assumptions regarding the property, followed by an assessment of the current posture of the property--that is, a measure of the material and human resources available to carry out needed tasks. An analysis of the market potential for the transit property, which includes an estimate of future travel demand and other community needs that may affect transit, is also needed. The development of goals and objectives, which should take into account all groups and jurisdictions that will be affected, will emerge from the foregoing; goals will be affected by community values and the priority of various activities important in the community in which transit may play a role. A market plan must be developed. They types of service, structure of the system, and kinds of management activities will vary according to the segments of the market to be pursued. Facilities, equipment, organizational resources, and political and legislative requirements needed to achieve the objectives and serve the target markets must be determined. In moving from a strategy to a financial plan, ongoing programs must be reviewed and what needs to be done must be assessed, based on on goals, priorities, and objectives for the next few years. Cost estimates, including those for personnel, maintenance, energy, asnd capital, must be made. Revenue estimates must also be completed, including forecasts of number of passengers, average fare paid, demand patterns, and subsidies. A formal interative procedure for matching revenues and costs--e.g., scenario planning--is also needed. The budget process turns ideas and desires about a financial plan into a concrete, annual plan. Budgeting is detailed planning and implementation of key decisions of the financial world of transit are expansion of service areas, inflation-sensitive financing, predicting fares, elasticity of demand, and the transit property's ability to control its costs. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Budgeting KW - Costs KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Management KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270056 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00399315 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1985 IS - 206 SP - 180 p. AB - This conference is the latest in a three-decade working relationship between the Census Bureau and the transportation community to improve the quality and quantity of transportation related data collected in the U.S. Census of Population and Housing. A similar conference held in 1973 in Albuquerque resulted in many improvements to the 1980 census. It is hoped that the Orlando conference and this subsequent report will have a significant effect on the conduct and results of the 1990 census. The conference proceedings include many background papers prepared for and presented at the meeting as well as the conference workshop summaries, the recommendations of each workshop, and an overall synthesis of all the conference findings and recommendations. U1 - National Conference on Decennial Census Data for Transportation Planning, 1984, Orlando, Florida, USAUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationFederal Highway AdministrationU.S. Department of TransportationOrlando,Florida,United States StartDate:19841209 EndDate:19841212 Sponsors:Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Administration KW - Census KW - Data analysis KW - Data collection KW - Forecasting KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Public transit KW - Transportation administration KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr206/sr206.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/218110 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451157 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Politano, Arturo L AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON EVALUATING ALTERNATIVE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FINANCING TECHNIQUES. RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p. 49 AB - Research needs represented in workshops are summarized as belonging to one of eight categories: identifying local tax capacity limits, financing mechanisms' transferability and marketability, prerequisites of funding mechanisms for ensuring viability, private sector participation and its influence, financing mechanisms' equity, incentives for metropolitan planning organizations as vehicles for coordinating financial plans, private sector involvement's extent of value, and examples of MPO planning. Plan originators are invited to contribute financial plans to aid Federal Highway Administration studies; they are also encouraged to take advantage of the administration's knowledge with plans being developed. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Finance KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Research KW - Topics KW - Transportation KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270062 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451160 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Miller, John AU - Transportation Research Board TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING TECHNIQUES PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - p 61 AB - The workshops on financial planning techniques disccused a series of things related to the process of financial planning: the need for an alleged benefits of financial planning, the end result, and the interrelationships between financial planning and strategic planning. Financial planning is not itself a plan; it is a political process of resource allocation that searches for workable solutions. It is a weighing of alternatives and the selection of options. An aparent conclusion was that financial planning is necessary and possible but that the plan must reflect the felt needs for services within a given community. The plan should include a description of the product, actual services to be provided, and revenues being generated; it should also reflect the political consensus that has grown for developing the service plan and raising revenues. The plan should be a workable implementation strategy for laying out concrete steps. There was apparent agreement that strategic planning should be the basic for financial planning, although the process is difficult to implement. From a private sector point of view, strategic planning is a marketing concept usd for product development and market segmentation. The strategic plan is the expenditure side of the budget; it projects or determines needs in a more accurate fashion. Financial planning reflects the strategic decisions made on how to raise funds; the financial plan relates these service elements to the financial constraints in which the work must be done. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Businesses KW - Economic development KW - Finance KW - Financial planning KW - Functions KW - Functions (Mathematics) KW - Planning KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Strategic planning KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270065 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451146 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Walther, Erskine S AU - Transportation Research Board TI - CASE STUDY ON LOCAL FINANCING TECHNIQUES: ATLANTA, GEORGIA PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 11-14 AB - The financial and service planning processes in Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region are reviewed. The transportation planning package supporting the 1971 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) referendum has had long-term benefits not originally anticipated. The central pillars of transportation planning in the area are the Atlanta Regional Commission's (ARC) long-term plan and the MARTA rail system. The Triparty Agreement among ARC, MARTA, and the Georgia Department of Transportation (GADOT) is especially important since it brought three of the most powerful organizations in the area into regular and structured contact and led to mutual goodwill and respect. Since the MARTA referendum was passed, virtually all the freeways that have been planned have been deleted in favor of upgrading the existing freeway system and expanding the MARTA rail system. The 1971 passage of an addition to the sales tax to fund the construction of a 53-mile rapid rail system is probably the single most important event in Atlanta transportation. All long-range transportation planning starts from the referendum rail system and then upgraded freeway system. The Transportation Improvements Plan (TIP), developed in 1977, endorses the referendum rail system and addresses alternatives for the post referendum system period. In the plan, highways and transit have been integrated and treated as complementary mobility techniques. ARC policy requires that financial planning occur at each level of funding. The MARTA system's strong community support rests on the packaging of the original proposal and effective delivery of the items in the package. When first proposed in 1968, the MARTA system was defeated. It was passed when funding was agreed to with a 1 percent sales tax (one half percent after 10 years) and very low fares. MARTA is committeed to 7 years of 15-cent fares, followed by 3 years of 5-cent increases. Thereafter, the fare will be set as needed to fulfill legal requirements. Along with such items as bus shelters, air-conditioned buses, and services levels, the community responsibility component is important in MARTA's success. Among important policy committments of the system are: (1) fair treatment for those displaced by MARTA construction; (2) equal employment practices; (3) minority business enterprise procurement policies; and (4) equal service levels to all segments of the community. The most important element in the long-term success of the package has been delivery on the public trust. An important problem may be regional, funding is largely local. This separation of transportation planning and funding is makes any effective packaging of service and financing for multimodal transport projects virtually impossible. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Atlanta (Georgia) KW - Finance KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Minorities KW - Public relations KW - Public support KW - Public transit KW - Referendum KW - Transportation KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270051 ER - TY - CONF AN - 00451153 JO - Transportation Research Board Special Report PB - Transportation Research Board AU - Dahms, Lawrence D AU - Transportation Research Board TI - PACKAGING AND IMPLEMENTING A FEDERAL PLAN: ACHIEVING SUPPORT, CONSENSUS, AND CONSENT PY - 1985 IS - 208 SP - pp 39-42 AB - The ingredients necessary to create a successful financial package vary, depending on many factors. Essential elements of a financial plan for funding urban transportation projects and services as provided by public agencies are as follows: (1) the program, project, or service to be funded must be clearly defined; (2) the source of funds must be adequate and should be dedicated; (3) a credible sponsor must be committed to delivering the program; (4) a broad base of community support must exist; and (5) the sponsoring agency must be capable of responding to community concerns and economic variations as they arise without losing control of budget and schedule and must have sufficient authority to carry out its mandate. Each of these elements is discussed with special attention to their applicability to the Interstate highway system. The financial plan elements are then discussed further as they relate to three examples: a plan to complete the capital funding of Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)(1966-1969), a plan to provide BART, AC Transit, and San Francisco Muni operating funds (1977 and 1979), andd a plan to finance a 16-year, $2.8 billion rail extension program for the San Francisco Bay Area, now being formulated. A good financial plan must be flexible and embody an administrative mechanism able to adjust to change. Producing successful plans in some past context does not assure success in a different context. The financial plan must be tailored to the unique circumstances of the program and community involved. U1 - Conference on Evaluating Alternative Local Transportation Financing TechniquesFederal Highway AdministrationUrban Mass Transportation AdministrationDenver,Colorado,United States StartDate:19841128 EndDate:19841130 Sponsors:Federal Highway Administration, Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Businesses KW - Chemical elements KW - Economic development KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Interstate Highway System KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - San Francisco (California) KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/270058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471500 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FARE COLLECTION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PY - 1984/12/07 SP - v.p. AB - The fare collection program implementation plan which establishes the goals, objectives and current and planned activities within the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Office of Technical Assistance (URT) regarding fare collection is explained in detail. KW - Bill handling KW - Bus transportation KW - Distance based fares KW - Electronic devices KW - Electronic equipment KW - Fare collection KW - Holography KW - Implementation KW - Railroad transportation KW - Revenues KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462870 AU - Lyons, W M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, FY 1983 SECTION 15 ANNUAL REPORT. ANNUAL REPORT JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1983 PY - 1984/12 SP - 600 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation (UMT) Act of 1964, as amended. The report also includes a subset of Section 15 data for use in computing Section 9 apportionments. Section 9 is a new formula grant program for capital, operating, and certain other assistance created by the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (which amended the UMT Act). The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the Section 15 reporting system and its relationship to the Section 9 program. Chapter 2 contains aggregate industry statistics derived from the complete Section 15 reports which were submitted. Chapter 3 contains detailed financial and operating data on the individual transit systems which submitted complete Section 15 reports. Chapter 4 contains the operating statistics which were used in the computation of the FY 1985 Section 9 apportionments. KW - Crashes KW - Expenditures KW - Financial analysis KW - Fund allocations KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56482/nationalurbanma0601will_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472755 AU - Bailey, B AU - Graves, M AU - Szten, E AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Technology Applications, Incorporated TI - REFERENCE APPENDIXES FOR LIFE CYCLE COSTING PROCUREMENT TECHNIQUES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 987 p. AB - In 1982, Congress mandated that transit properties use life cycle costs in evaluating manufacturers; proposals for the procurement of buses. This study analyzes the results of 25 transit properties which utilized life cycle costs in their bus procurements. The purpose of this analysis is to enable transit properties to benefit from the experience of others and enable them to avoid the pitfalls inherent in the first time use of life cycle costing procurement procedures. This is accomplished by a detailed evaluation of the transit properties' Invitation for Bids, the manufacturers' responses, and the methodologies used by the transit properties for evaluating the manufacturers' proposals. This evaluation indicates that different methodologies were used by the manufacturers in developing some of the same cost elements of their life cycle cost. The methodologies used resulted in significantly different cost estimates for essentially the same vehicle. This study shows the effect of these cost variations on the final award. These Appendixes contain Appendix A: Life Cost Cost Specifications from the Invitation for Bids and Appendix B: Manufacturers' Life Cycle Cost Proposals. Life cycle cost, as referred to in this study, includes the operating and maintenance costs of the bus, the additional costs of non-standardization, and the assessed cost of physical and performance characteristics. The authors point out that although the life cycle cost normally includes the purchase price of the bus, it is excluded from the life cycle cost in this analysis. KW - Bids KW - Buses KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Procurement KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281413 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472790 AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PORTABLE MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION DATA COLLECTION. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/12 SP - 79 p. AB - Discussed is the selection of a portable computer for operator-assisted data collection which can be an effective and affordable alternative in data collection for traffic analysis and transportation and transit planning activities. KW - Analysis KW - Computers KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Field tests KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394439 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESS: BROKERING PARATRANSIT SERVICES TO THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PA PY - 1984/12 SP - 262 p. AB - This report describes and evaluates the elderly and handicapped brokerage project sponsored by UMTA's Service and Methods Demonstration Program. The demonstration, sponsored locally by the Port Authority of Allegheny County, tests the concept of transportation brokerage on a large scale. During the demonstration, the broker, ACCESS, coordinated service delivery by for-profit and not-for-profit carriers and arranged service provision to human service agencies and unaffiliated individuals. The broker also administered and organized service delivery for a user-side subsidy program funded by the Port Authority. This program is available to Allegheny County residents who are unable to board fixed-route buses, and it represents the Authority's special efforts to meet Section 504 requirements for service to the handicapped. The report describes the planning efforts that led to the demonstration and the objectives of the sponsors in funding the project. It describes in detail how the broker has organized service delivery as well as administrative functions. It includes an evaluation of the impact of the broker on paratransit supply and an examination of participation by human service agencies. Using the results of extensive surveys of ACCESS user, the report contains information on the number and characteristics of the elderly and handicapped and the extent to which they use project services. Finally, the report provides an assessment of the brokerage concept and its transferability to other localities. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56316/accessbrokering0600char_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212477 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451473 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1984/12 SP - 149 p. AB - Technical assistance projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) are described. This directory's purpose is to provide information on the nature and scope of work now underway to assist state and local agencies in improving services and reducing the cost of public transportation. UMTA provides technical assistance in such areas as analysis, planning, demonstrations, management, vehicles, equipment, anf facilities. It provides information about the sponsors, the development and introduction of improved techniques, equipment, and facilities. It disseminates information through technical reports and and other publications and by workshops and training courses. UMTA's program also provides funding to transit operators to help evaluate and introduce innovations and new products by the private sector. UMTA also helps accelerate the flow of information on solutions and improvements from its originators to other parts of the transit community. The principal organizational elements in the Office of Technical Assistance appear in the Staff Directory. Tables with funding and schedule information about individual R&D projects appear at the end of each chapter. Appendix A contains details on how to obtain reports on the results of most of the completed projects discussed, Appendix B provides information for potential contractors and grantes on participation in the UMTA technical assistance programs and includes material on university research grants. Contents: Introduction; 1--Bus and Paratransit Systems; 2--Rail and Construction Program; 3--New Systems and Technology; 4--System and Methods; 5--Planning and Analysis; 6--Management Resources; 7--Information Services; 8--National Cooperative Transit; 9--Safety and Security; 10--Policy Development and Strategic Planning; 11--University Research and Training. Report order forms, agency/contractor index, and subject index included. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fungi KW - Fungicides KW - Improvements KW - Innovation KW - Pesticides KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Public transit KW - Technical assistance KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56440/innovationinpub0600unse_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266675 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451080 AU - Kilkenny, W A AU - Ayele, M AU - Morgan State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY TO ASSESS THE MARKETING OF SPECIALIZED TRANSIT SERVICES TO THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1984/12 SP - v.p. AB - Providing specialized transportation services to the elderly and handicapped population of the Baltimore Area is the responsibility of many relatively small, independent operators. The wide variety in type, sophstication, and effectiveness in the individual marketing strategeies of these operators was the subject of a major research effort-the findins of which are documented in this report. The overall goal of the project was to improve the exchange of information between consumers and providers of specialized transportation services. The purpose of the project was to determine and assess the current state of marketing of these services in the Baltimore Area. This study involved extensive data collection/information gathering activities in an effort to evaluate critically, the current state of specialized transportation service marketing. Some of the major findings of the study are: - Service providers generally do not advertise their service effectively. - This lack of advertisement of service leads to incomplete knowledge on the part of prospective users, resulting in low service utilization rates by the users; and - Ineffective service coordination among the various operators further restricts ridership demand potential. KW - Advertising KW - Aged KW - Auditoriums KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Market research KW - Ost university research KW - Passenger information systems KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Special service KW - Transit services KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269181 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450497 AU - Collure, J AU - University of Massachusetts, Amherst AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PORTABLE MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION DATA COLLECTION PY - 1984/12 SP - 79 p. AB - Current research at the University of Massachusetts focuses on the usefulness of portable computers for operator-assisted data collection in a variety of traffic analysis, transportation planning, and transit planning activities. The objectives of this project are: 1) to identify and examine existing electronic devices and techniques in use or capable of being used for automated data collection by transportation planning, traffic engineering, and transit agencies; 2) to review the related electronic equipment used in conjunction with the collection device and the functional inter-relationship among these system components--this included the examination of alternative methods to automatically transfer collected data to a larger computer for more extensive processing and analysis; and 3) to match devices with the typical functions of transportation planners and engineers--Epson HX-20 was field tested for automated collection of intersection vehicular turning movements, license plate numbers, vehicle classification/types, and roadside/transit load checks. The inexpensive, commercially available lap-size portable computer--Epson HX 20--was selected for testing because it was the least expensive and included a built-in printer, a cassette tape, and a 20 column by 4-line screen. Although not a fully automated approach, the use of an operator-assisted portable computer as an electronic clipboard represents a simple, affordable alternative for improving the accuracy and timeliness of field data collection while reducing labor requirements and costs. The study reports that there was no major problems encountered in the testing of the Epson HX-20 hardware or in the design and testing of software. This approach represent an effective and affordable alternative for data collection. KW - Analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Data collection KW - Management KW - Management planning KW - Microcomputers KW - Ost university research KW - Planning KW - Portable equipment KW - Research KW - Traffic KW - Traffic analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation research KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266156 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396554 AU - ADDANTE, E Y AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1983 MBTA FARE-MIX SAMPLING PROGRAM: ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION SN - CTPS 48 PY - 1984/12 SP - 105 p. AB - Historically, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) has estimated daily and annual ridership by dividing collected revenue by an average fare. In 1981, various fare and system changes influenced the MBTA decision to institute a new program for estimating ridership--the average fare used to calculate the number of riders from revenue would now be determined by surveying a sample of actual ridership. Number of passengers boarding, the type of fare paid, and farebox revenue are recorded for selected bus routes, surface portions of the Green Line, and at selected rapid transit stations. Resulting data are processed and analyzed by the CTPS. This program has been in effect for three years. This report is an update of the previous CTPS technical reports addressing the subject. It pressents the 1983 survey results and analysis procedures and the two previous years' results. (Analysis and results of the 1981 and 1982 fare-mix surveys are available in CTPS Techincal reports 39 and 43.) This report describes the assumptions and methods used to design and administer a sampling program to determine the fare-mix and average fare for rapid transit, buses, and the surface Green Line. Information obtained from this program was used in conjunction with revenue data to determine the number of unlinked and linked trips made on rapid transit and surface routes in November 1983. KW - Data collection KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Pricing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Sampling KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394478 AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MONITORING AND OPERATIONS IMPROVEMENTS STUDY. GREATER BRIDGEPORT TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1984/12 SP - n.p. AB - The Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) conducted a base line data collection study in 1980 in order to establish route profiles for the existing system and to assist in the development of service improvements. The objectives of this study are 1) to update those route profiles, 2) to implement a system for monitoring route performance, and 3) to analyze existing transit services in order to develop service improvements resulting in a more efficient and effective transit system. This report reviews the GBTD-1980 methodology and other industry practices, and develops a recommended practice for GBTD. The study also provides a complete set of route profiles and recommendations for transit service improvements. Basically, the study developed a program that provided for an overall level of accuracy (system-wide) that satisfied the 1983 Section 15 reporting requirements as well as a higher degree of precision for data elements critical to fixed-route planning options. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Data collection KW - Level of service KW - Operating strategies KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393528 AU - Bailey, B AU - Graves, M AU - Szten, E AU - Technology Applications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LIFE CYCLE PROCUREMENT TECHNIQUES. TRANSIT PROPERTY BUS PROCUREMENTS PY - 1984/12 SP - 897 p. AB - In 1982, Congress mandated that transit properties use life cycle costs in evaluating manufactures' proposals for the procurement of buses. This study analyzes the results of 25 transit properties which utilized life cycle costs in their bus procurements. The purpose of this anslysis is to enable transit properties to benefit from the experiences of others, and enable them to avoid the pitfalls inherent in the first time use of life cycle costing procurement procedures. This is accomplished by a detailed evaluation of the transit properties' Invitation for Bids, the manufactures' responses, and the methodologies used by the transit properties for evaluating the manufacturer' proposals. This evaluation indicates that different methodologies were used by the manufacturers in developing some of the same cost elements of their life cycle cost. The methodologies used resulted in significantly different cost estimates for essentially the same vehicle. This study shows the effect of these cost variations on the final award. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bids KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Costs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Industries KW - Legislation KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Pressurization KW - Procurement KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208233 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391616 AU - Keefer, L E AU - Keefer (Louis E) Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROFITABILITY EXPERIENCES OF THE SYSTEMS PY - 1984/12 SP - 60 p. AB - This project report provides selected information about the benefits and costs accruing to public transit authorities engaged in joint development and system interface projects in connection with the construction, reconstruction, or general improvement of rapid transit stations or bus and/or intermodal terminals. Such information--because it clearly demonstrates the inherent profitability of such projects--provides incentives for those transit authorities that have yet to undertake them. Special attention is given to individual steps in the joint development planning process, namely: 1) the policy context, 2) the regional planning context, 3) the public sector-private sector partnership, and 4) the staff resources necessary to do the job. Emphasis is on 1) the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) program because to date, it is the most ambitious and successful in the country, and 2) on the Market Center Development Corporation of Baltimore (MCDC) program because, also ambitious and successful, it represents a strikingly different approach and philosophy. In addition to discussing benefit/cost information, this report compares 3 basic approaches to planning and executing joint development projects: 1) the Washington approach, 2) the Los Angeles approach, and 3) the Baltimore approach. As part of this comparison, the report provides some dixcussion of the steps typically involved in joint development planning, and describes some of the attributes of "good planning", particularly in terms of the problems likely to be encountered and how to avoid them. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Joint development KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Rapid transit KW - Real property KW - Regional transportation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206938 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391610 AU - Balog, J N AU - Ketron, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVACUATION AND RESCUE OF ELDERLY AND DISABLED PASSENGERS FROM PARATRANSIT VANS AND BUSES PY - 1984/12 SP - 186 p. AB - This report reflects concerns felt by both the transit community and the U.S. Department of Transportation regarding the ability of transit operators and rescue forces to rescue elderly and disabled passengers in emergencies. The project intent is to provide efficient and safe methods for the effective evacuation and rescue of elderly and disabled passengers from such vehicles as standard and modified vans, body-on-chassis small buses, and heavy-duty transit buses. Standard methods are often ineffective. This study determines the most effective methods of evacuation and rescue as a function of transit use by the elderly and disabled, accident incidence rates for various types of transit vehicles, transit vehicle characteristics and crashworthiness, and the state of emergency preparedness forces. Equipment needs are identified and suggestions are made for providing familiarity and simulation training, for developing standard operating procedures, for debriefing actual accident victims, and for disseminating this newly developed technology. This project established an industry-wide Project Review Committee responsible for reviewing and evaluating the rescue equipment, procedures, and techniques identified or developed under this project. Transit operators, state DOTs, and transit equipment manufacturers contacted and interviewed are listed in the Appendix of this report. Included in this report is an Evacuation and Resource Bibliography of 190 citations. KW - Aged KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Evacuation KW - Fires KW - Paratransit services KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Safety KW - Small buses KW - Training KW - Transportation safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheelchairs UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34280/DOT-TSC-UMTA-84-25.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462852 AU - REDMAN, J AU - Bozzo, R AU - Decision Information Systems Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BARRIERS AND INCENTIVES TO THE ADOPTION AND USE OF UMTA-SPONSORED INNOVATIONS: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS (FINAL SUMMARY REPORT) PY - 1984/11 SP - 188 p. AB - This report has two major facets. The first is the identification of factors which significantly inhibit or facilitate the adoption and use of transit innovations by local agencies. The second is the presentation of several policy recommendations UMTA might usefully pursue to enhance the ease with which transit agencies learn about, adopt and operationalize transit innovations. Information regarding the innovation process was gathered through case studies of fifteen local transit agencies. Each agency was visited for the purpose of chronicling its experience with thirteen selected transit innovations. Upon completion of these case studies, a cross-site analysis was performed to identify barriers and incentives to innovation at the local level, and to develop appropriate policy responses. Organizationally, the report first presents an analysis of the local experience with each of the thirteen study innovations. This is followed by an analysis across all thirteen innovations of the influence on adoption and implementation of several major factor types, e.g. external factors, financial factors, technical characteristics of the innovations. Several policy recommendations drawn from this analysis are then presented and discussed. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Case studies KW - Financing KW - Incentives KW - Innovation KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Transit operating agencies KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393487 AU - Harris County, Texas AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS SERVICE EVALUATION METHODS. A REVIEW PY - 1984/11 SP - v.p. AB - This review of industry service evaluation practices was undertaken by Houston Metro as it examines the manner in which limited resources are allocated by developing more rational approaches for improving system efficiency and effectiveness. The current bus service evaluation practices of the U.S. and Canadian transit operating agencies were determined and appraised. Metro developed and implemented a route ridership data collection/analysis system, and a program of service standards and planning guidelines. The report has 4 chapters, including a brief introduction. Chapter 2 describes the basic objectives of the industry review with the methodology employes. Chapter 3 contains a description of the performance criteria most often used to monitor and evaluate bus services. Chapter 4 contains several discussions that relate to the general organization of service evaluation activities, the costs and results of these activities, and the problems most frequently encountered in bus service evaluation. There are 3 appendices summarizing the individual agency actions; matrices for examining the criteria and tables of criteria that describe service standards each agency has developed for criteria evaluation. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stops KW - Data collection KW - Headways KW - Operating costs KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Safety KW - Spacing KW - Standards KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56351/busserviceevalu8449unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208853 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392840 AU - Keefer, L E AU - Keefer (Louis E) Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROFIT IMPLICATIONS OF JOINT DEVELOPMENT. THREE INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES PY - 1984/11 SP - 49 p. AB - This report provides selected information about the benefits and costs accruing to public transit authorities engaged in joint development and system interface projects in connection with the construction, reconstruction, or general improvement of rapid transit stations or bus and intermodal terminals. Such information should--because it clearly demonstrates the inherent profitability of such projects--provide clear incentive for those transit authorities that have yet to undertake them. Emphasis is placed on (1) the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) program because to date it is the most ambitious and successful in the country, and (2) on the Market Center Development Corporation of Baltimore (MCDC) program because, also ambitious and successful, it represents a strikingly different approach and philosophy. A review of the "profitability" of joint development programs is timely because of the expected shortfall of public funding for the extension of existing rapid transit systems and the proposed construction of new systems. According to the American Public Transit Association, over the next five years, 35 transit systems will have rail capital needs of more than $28 billion, about half for new construction, and half for rehabilitation of existing systems. Since this $28 billion capital requirement cannot nearly be met by traditional 75% federal funding, there must be a sharp increase in local funding. The thesis developed in this report is that even the relatively limited experience to-date with transit authority-administered joint development programs suggests that the dependable cash income flow potentially generated through time from such programs should properly be considered an indispensible means of helping to finance both the construction and operation of new systems. KW - Cash flow KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - Profitability KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207826 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468884 AU - Gunderson, R AU - Wychorski, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HYBRID PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN BUS TRANSIT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 65 p. AB - Information on hybrid propulsion technologies is presented to increase the transit community's awareness and understanding of bus propulsion designs that offer extended use capability for trolley-emergency, short-range, and back-up propulsion for trolley buses or offer some overall energy or fuel savings. Technical material is provided on systems that are novel or appear to offer the greatest potential for future commercial development. Advancements in hybrid technology that could help in better utilization of existing equipment or help in decisions regarding the procurement of new vehicles. KW - Energy conservation KW - Hybrids KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Trolleybuses KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472744 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR TRANSIT BUS AIR CONDITIONING: THE ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSOR. DRAFT PY - 1984/11 SP - v.p. AB - Provided is information on the testing and evaluation of a prototype rotary screw compressor for a bus air conditioning system. It represents the second and final phase of an UMTA program to develop a bus climate control system with improved reliability and durability, as well as lower overall costs. KW - Air compressors KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Buses KW - Compressors KW - Cooling equipment KW - Technical assistance KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471491 AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANS FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN TEXAS PY - 1984/11 SP - 229 p. AB - This Master Plan represents twenty-four individual public transportation plans within the state of Texas that are responsive to the needs of their particular locality and coordinated into a statewide plan for public transportation. It contains planned transit projects, including proposed costs of these projects. KW - Costs KW - Public transit KW - Texas KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280755 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451528 AU - Miller, A E AU - Day, M S AU - Zeller, M V AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM COMPOSITE RAIL AND ASSOCIATED SURFACE PHENOMENON PY - 1984/11 SP - 131 p. AB - This report presents research results on the adhesion of ice to actual and potential third rail material surfaces and the physical properties of the adhesive interface. This investigation was accomplished as part of the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program under a Federal Grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow and cold environments. The three studies included discussion of the formation and properties of patinas formed on rail surfaces as a result of electrical contact during energy transfer, the evolution of materials with special iceophobic properties whihc result in reduced ice adhesion and, therefore, ease of removal, and Auger spectrographic studies of the chemical properties of the ice-metal interface. KW - Adhesion KW - Cold weather KW - Energy transfer KW - Icing KW - Texture KW - Third rail KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266723 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450491 AU - Her Majesty Stationary Office AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORT COMMITTEE SESSION 1984-85. FINANCING OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES. MINUTES OF EVIDENCE WEDNESDAY 14 NOVEMBER 1984 SN - 0 10 270685 9 PY - 1984/11 SP - 57 p. AB - These Minutes of Evidence are presented in ten sections: 1 introduction; 2, summary of responses to the terms of reference; 3, the main sources of finance for each passenger transport mode; 4, the institutional framework within which operating subsidies and capital grants are allocated; 5, the relationships between subsidy, service levels, and passenger demand for each mode of transport; 6, methods of investment appraisal; 7, cross-subsidisation between routes and services; 8, whether the existing financial regime provides a reasonably fair basis for competition between the different transport modes; 9, the potential of experimental and innovatory schemes designed to provide more cost effective passenger services in urban and rural areas; 10, the lessons that can be derived from the practices of other countries with respect to the above issues. (TRRL) KW - Administration KW - Administration KW - Competition KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Emergency vehicles KW - Financing KW - Financing KW - Level of service KW - Local authority KW - Local government agencies KW - Public service vehicles KW - Public transit KW - Public transport KW - Rural area KW - Rural areas KW - Subsidies KW - Transport mode KW - Transportation modes KW - Travel demand KW - United Kingdom KW - Urban area KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266152 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451510 AU - Perez, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR TRANSIT BUS AIR CONDITIONING: THE ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSOR PY - 1984/11 SP - 40 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of the test and evaluation of a prototype rotary screw compressor design. The UMTA-funded R&D program consisted of two phases. The objectives of the first phase were to ascertain the extent of the problems with current bus air conditioning systems and to determine the feasibility of adapting alternative compressor technology for use in transit buses. This work was carried out by the (Garrett) AiResearch Manufacturing Co. of Torrance, California and Dunham-Bush, Inc. of W. Hartford, Connecticut and has been documented in UMTA Report No. CA-06-0145-80-1 (NTIS No. PB-215-502). The second phase was to test a prototype alternative compressor under a wide range of simulated, and actual, bus revenue service environmental conditions and was also conducted by Dunham-Bush, Inc. It is the results of this effort that are documented in this report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Buses KW - Compressors KW - Cooling equipment KW - Development KW - Expediting KW - Machines KW - Prototype tests KW - Refrigeration KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Rotary screws KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266706 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396404 AU - Department of Public Works AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARK-AND-RIDE AT TRANSIT STATIONS. PHASE 1 REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 105 p. AB - This Phase 1 study assesses the parking congestion problems near transit stations to detemine the need for additional commuter park-and-ride lots. Every commuter rail and rapid transit corridor in the city of Chicago was investigated for parking problems attributable to RTA or CTA passengers. Areas targeted for particular study are discussed in this report and include rapid transit lines, express bus corridors, commuter rail lines, as well as individual stations along the Illinois Central Gulf-South Chicago Line, and the Chicago & Northwestern north and northwest lines. The study analyzed no- and low-cost options for increasing needed commuter parking space. No-cost options included the removal of parking restrictions and joint-use of shopping center lots. Low-cost options involved the development of park-and-ride lots. About 25 sites were evaluated to serve this purpose and nearly a dozen sites were recommended for the development of a commuter lot with lot sizes ranging from 60 to 400 spaces. The results of this Phase 1 study indicate that the implementation of serveral no- or low-cost options for solving commuter parking problems should be pursued by the city. Recommended actions for CTA and RTA rail corridors are discussed in this report. KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Park and ride KW - Parking KW - Parking demand KW - Parking facilities KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213977 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396403 AU - Darwin, R AU - Stern, R AU - Fowler, B AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories TI - MEMORY CARD APPLICATIONS FOR URBAN BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1984/11 SP - 136 p. AB - In the late 1970s microprocessor technology merged with the plastic bank card to form what has been termed the "smart card." It is "smart" because it contains onboard intelligence and decision making capabilities, allowing it to perform a certain level of local data processing without the need for access to an external computer system. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential uses of memory cards in the fare collection and maintenance/repair functions for the bus transit industry. This report presents a state-of-the-art analysis of smart card/memory card technology and potential applications within transit operations, specifically fare collection and maintenance recordkeeping. Two scenarios for the use of smart card/memory card technology are provided for fare collection with a broad spectrum of potential uses described for maintenance recordkeeping. The conclusions and recommendations presented in this report are based upon an analysis of the current and expected developments in the memory card field, fare collection and operational procedures in the bus transit industry, and trends in U.S. payment system in general. The findings contained in the report represent the collective efforts of Battelle staff experienced in digital systems and technology, transportation and financial industry systems. The members of the project team have been involved in memory card research since 1979. Technical assistance on the bus transit fare collection and operation aspect was provided by the ATE Management and Service Company of Cincinnati, Ohio. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Credit cards KW - Data collection KW - Fare collection KW - Information processing KW - Maintenance management KW - Microprocessors KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213976 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395238 AU - San Diego Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - SAN DIEGO TROLLEY: THE FIRST THREE YEARS. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1984/11 SP - 107 p. AB - Since the San Diego Trolley began operation in July 1981, transit ridership has increased more than 20% in the Trolley service area, while decreasing elsewhere in the San Diego Metropolitan area. The Trolley has had a negligible effect on automobile traffic. Similarly, no major impact on business activity or land development has been identified. This study documents the changes which have occurred. KW - Coordination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Land use KW - Level of service KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Public transit KW - Retail trade KW - Ridership KW - San Diego (California) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56552/sandiegotrolley8510unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213039 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395239 AU - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration TI - ARTICULATED BUSES PY - 1984/11 SP - 147 p. AB - This handbook provides guidance for evaluating, purchasing and deploying articulated buses, relating the experience which U.S. transit agencies have had with this equipment and suggesting methods for analyzing the economic implications of various articulated bus service strategies. Since the first artics was purchased for U.S. service in 1976, over 1500 have been acquired by about 30 operating agencies. The two primary reasons for using them are to carry the same number of passengers at lower cost and to increase route capacity. Chapter I introduces the Handbook, describing uses to which artics are put and the equipment options. Chapter II offers guidance on how a transit agency can determine if artics are proper for its services. Chapter III gives practical tips on identifying routes which are good artic opportunities. Chapter IV introduces Artic bus maintenance considerations and the preparations which must be made to keep the equipment in good operating order. Chapter V covers other startup issues. Chapter VI discusses how artic operation is different from standard transit buses. Chapter VII covers performance of artics. Chapter VIII shows, through worksheets, unit cost tables for economics of deploying artics on particular routes. KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Implementation KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213040 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394474 AU - Scott, K D AU - Deadrick, D AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. APPENDICES PY - 1984/11 SP - 75 p. AB - This research report examines the influence that financial incentive programs (FIPs) have on individual employee performance and on organizational productivity. The report also focuses on the mass transit agencies and the effectiveness of such programs in the transit environment. The research findings are presented in three major sections: 1) a selective review of the social science literature regarding theoretical and practical aspects of financial incentives; 2) an overview of incentive practices in both the private and public sectors; and 3) our survey of transit agencies regarding the types and outcomes of FIPs being used. The report describes the major types of FIPs found in the literature in terms of the program objectives, the program operations, the empirical research evaluations, and the potential strengths and weaknesses. The transit survey findings are analyzed in terms of what types of FIPs are most frequently used, how long those programs have been in place, and how the programs are evaluated. Recommendations concerning the selection and use of FIPs within the transit environment are made. KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212503 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394480 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE PASS PRICING DEMONSTRATION IN CINCINNATI, OHIO PY - 1984/11 SP - 164 p. AB - This report presents an evaluation of the Cincinnati Pass Pricing Demonstration. The demonstration, implemented and operated by Queen City Metro in part through a grant from the UMTA Service and Methods Demonstration Program, began in October 1981 and ran through May 1983. The demonstration consisted of two phases. The first phase included implementation of the pass program and collection of ridership, cost, and revenue data. During the second phase, the pass price was adjusted and data were collected again. The monthly pass (Metrocard) could be purchased in person at Queen City Metro's Customer Service Department or at a second sales office, through the mail, over the telephone, through automated bank teller machines, or at any of four participating employment sites. However, each month 75-85% of all passes were purchased in person at Queen City Metro; 6-10% were purchased at the employment sites; and most of the remaining passes were purchased through the mail. The analysis of trip frequencies of survey respondents revealed that transit users generally buy transit passes only if they stand to benefit financially (i.e., if they make more than the "breakeven" number of trips and thus pay less for a passthan they would if paying cash). On the other hand, many transit users who would apparently benefit from buying a pass do not. Various reasons were cited for not buying a pass, including "too expensive to pay all at once," "increased pass price," "did not know where to get," and "too much trouble to get." Considering all costs and revenues association with the program, Metrocard resulted in a net cost to Queen City Metro. The principal components of the cost, in addition to program administration, were advertising (primarily television), lost revenue due to the diversion of cash fares from pass users, and the cost of carrying new trips by pass buyers. New revenues generated by improved cash flow and travel by new transit users did not offset the revenue loss. KW - Cincinnati (Ohio) KW - Data collection KW - Demonstration projects KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Employers KW - Fares KW - Operating costs KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395230 AU - Gunderson, R AU - Wychorski, H AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HYBRID PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR URBAN BUS TRANSIT PY - 1984/11 SP - 64 p. AB - This report presents overview information on hybrid propulsion technologies (also called "dual" propulsion) in order to increase the transit community's awareness and understanding of bus propulsion designs that offer extended use capability for trolley-emergency, short-range, and back-up propulsion for trolley busses or offer some overall energy or fuel savings. Technical material is provided to a greater extent on systems that are novel or appear to offer the greatest potential for future commercial development. This information is provided to make the transit community aware of advancements in hybrid technology that could help them better utilize their existing equipment or help them in decisions regarding the procurement of new vehicles. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Dual powered vehicles KW - Flywheels KW - Hybrid vehicles KW - Hydraulic accumulators KW - Inductive coupling KW - Trolleybuses KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394555 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA SMALL TRANSIT VEHICLE PROCUREMENT WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS, INDIANAPOLIS, IN NOVEMBER 15-16, 1983 PY - 1984/11 SP - 210 p. AB - The workshop on procurement methods for small transit vehicles, held in Indianapolis, Indiana, on November 15 and 16 was organized to provide the owners, manufactures and operators of small transit vehicles with a forum to discuss problems and progress in the procurement arena. Among the topics highlighted were the efficiency of various procurement methods, how to prepare adequate specifications, whether manufactures could meet industry requirements, and UMTA's work in guiding these processe. This document summarizes the important issues raised in each presentation and question and answer period as well as summarizing panel discussions. Examples of state prepared specifications as well as questions and answers on Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) requirements are presented in the appendices. A list of participants is also included. KW - Aged KW - Government regulations KW - Industries KW - Minibuses KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Procurement KW - Regulations KW - Social service agencies KW - Specifications KW - Standardization KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394473 AU - Scott, K D AU - Deadrick, D AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1984/11 SP - 65 p. AB - This research report examines the influence that financial incentive programs (FIPs) have on individual employee performance and on organizational productivity. The report also focuses on the extent to which financial incentives are currently used in urban mass transit agencies and the effectiveness of such programs in the transit environment. The research findings are presented in three major sections: 1) a selective review of the social science literature regarding theoretical and practical aspects of financial incentives; 2) an overview of incentive practices in both the private and public sectors; and 3) our survey of transit agencies regarding the types and outcomes of FIPs being used. The report describes the major types of FIPs found in the literature in terms of the program objectives, the program operations, the empirical research evaluations, and the potential strengths and weaknesses. The transit survey findings are analyzed in terms of what types of FIPs are most frequently used, how long those programs have been in place, and how the programs are evaluated. Recommendations concerning the selection and use of FIPs within the transit environment are made. KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212502 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394557 AU - MEYER, D AU - Vecellio, R AU - Culpepper, T AU - Gundlach, J AU - Auburn University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN REVITALIZATION, QUICK-RESPONSE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND THE 1980 CENSUS IN CITIES UNDER 50,000 POPULATION PY - 1984/11 SP - 83 p. AB - Transportation planning and traffic analysis modeling systems are reviewed for for suitability for use in downtown revitalization planning activities in smaller communities by comprehensive planners and others not necessarily familiar with the traditional transportation planning process, with an eye toward maximizing use of the products of the 1980 Census of Population and Housing. The microcomputer version of the Quick-Response System (QRS) was reviewed, test run and selected for the project as meeting the above requirements. Summary Tape File data from the 1980 Census was reviewed, accessed and converted to Statistical Analysis System (SAS) data sets for Anniston and Opelika, Alabama. Additional employment information was acquired from the metropolitan planning organizations serving Anniston oand Opelika. Downtown revitalization planning and implementation techniques are reviewed for particular application to smaller communites. QRS is compared to the needs for planning and analytical tools in revitalization planning, and recommendations and caveats are provided for potential ORS users. ORS is test-run for Anniston and Opelika as examples to users, and appendices detailing access to and conversion of Census Summary Tape File data, travel times, trip rate default rates, friction factors, attraction equations and external station productions and attractions. KW - Census KW - Central business districts KW - Sketch planning KW - Sketch planning techniques KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394504 AU - Scott, K D AU - Deadrick, D AU - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVE PROGRAMS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY WITTHIN THE MASS TRANSIT INDUSTRY. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/11 SP - 11 p. AB - This research report examines the influence that financial incentive programs (FIPs) have on individual employee performance and on organizational productivity. The report also focuses on the extent to which financial incentives are currently used in urban mass transit agencies and the effectiveness of such programs in the transit environment. The research findings are presented in three major sections: 1) a selective review of the social science literature regarding theoretical and practical aspects of financial incentives; 2) an overview of incentive practices in both the private and public sectors; and 3) our survey of transit agencies regarding the types and outcomes of FIPs being used. The report describes the major types of FIPs found in the literature in terms of the program objectives, the program operations, the empirical research evaluations, and the potential strengths and weaknesses. The transit survey findings are analyzed in terms of what types of FIPs are most frequently used, how long those programs have been in place, and how the programs are evaluated. Recommendations concerning the selection and use of FIPs within the transit environment are made. KW - Finance KW - Financial management KW - Incentives KW - Management KW - Personnel KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395229 AU - Perez, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR TRANSIT BUS AIR CONDITIONING: THE ROTARY SCREW COMPRESSOR PY - 1984/11 SP - 40 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of the test and evaluation of a prototype rotary screw compressor design. The UMTA-funded R & D program consisted of two phases. The objectives of the first phase were to ascertain the extent of the problems with current bus air conditioning systems and to determine the feasibility of adapting alternative compressor technology for use in transit buses. This work was carried out by the (Garrett) AiResearch Manufacturing Co. of Torrance, California and Dunham-Bush, Inc. of W. Hartford, Connecticut and has been documented in UMTA Report No. CA-06-0145-80-1 (NTIS No. PB-215-502). The second phase was to test a prototype alternative compressor under a wide range of simulated, and actual, bus revenue service environmental conditions and was also conducted by Dunham-Bush, Inc. It is the results of this effort that are documented in this report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Compressors KW - Cooling equipment KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Performance evaluations KW - Road tests KW - Testing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213032 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394444 AU - Whitford, R K AU - Purdue Research Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIABILITY OF MOBILITY ENTERPRISE CONCEPTS. VOLUME 2: POTENTIAL USERS OF A SHARED VEHICLE/MOBILITY ENTERPRISE CONCEPT PY - 1984/11 SP - 223 p. AB - Purdue has developed a shared vehicle/mobility enterprise scheme--a new concept in personal transportation--that attempts to provide more efficient automobile use at reduced cost. For a set monthly fee, enterprise members would get unlimited use of an automobile in the mini-micro class plus access to a fleet of larger cars shared by all enterprise members for use on trips not appropriate for small cars. All costs of vehicle operation, excluding gasoline, would be included in the monthly fee. The purpose of this Volume 2 study is to determine the future potential of such a scheme as well as to determine the attributes of greatest importance to potential users. Focus group interviews were conducted in Lafayette, Indiana, and a mail/questionnaire survey in Columbia, Maryland, for this purpose. Data from the surveys plus data from a national survey (conducted by a private foundation) were analyzed and reported in this document. Results of all three surveys were similar. In all three surveys, interest in the mobility enterprise concept was found to be reasonably healthy with younger, more educated individuals who have had more experience with renting, loaning, or borrowing vehicles. The level of acceptable cost indicated that most households do not know the real cost of owning and driving their automobile. The Appendices in this report contain 4 papers on the new concept in personal transportation--Mobility Enterprise, and 3 survey-results papers. (Columbia, Maryland Survey: National Survey: and National Famil Opinion, Inc. Survey). KW - Automobile ownership KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Mobility KW - Mobility enterprise KW - Neighborhoods KW - Paratransit services KW - Rental cars KW - Ridesharing KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392838 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT INDUSTRY MICROCOMPUTER EXCHANGE (TIME) SUPPORT CENTER: REPORT OF ACTIVITIES, AUGUST 1983-SEPTEMBER 1984 PY - 1984/11 SP - v.p. AB - This report contains a review of activities conducted by the Transit Industry Microcomputer Exchange (TIME) Support Center. The Time Support Center function as a resource body to serve the transit community in the application of microcomputers to transit industry problems. During the reporting period, several activities were undertaken to meet the everchanging needs of transit microcomputer users the market expands and matures. It is concluded that the TIME Support Center has provided, and continues to provide, a direct form of technical assistance to microcomputer users in the transit community. The growth of this market and the increased demands placed on the TIME Support Center indicate that the clearinghouse concept is a viable one, and particularly so for microcomputer applications. KW - Computer programs KW - Hardware KW - Information dissemination KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Technology transfer KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208848 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392834 AU - Price, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UTPS TECHNICAL BRIEFS: TAMPA SYMPOSIUM HIGHLIGHTS PY - 1984/11 SP - 58 p. AB - The State of Florida has been more active than most in providing technical assistance to local governments. Florida also has a wealth of experienced UTPS users who have further improved the system with software of their own. Thus Florida was chosen as the site of the State Government UTPS Users' Forum, held from May 29 to June 1, 1984 at the Caribbean Gulf Resort in Clearwater Beach. This document is a record of those proceedings, and is being distributed so that others may profit from the information presented. Forum discussions were not limited to just UTPS-related matters, but also covered such topics as microcomputer usage and organizational responsibilities. Such diversity of information is reflected accordingly in this document. The first section gives the reader an overview of Florida's own planning philosophy. The second section is more technical, and deals with both microcomputer and UTPS programs. The third and final section is composed of discussions of administrative and organizational concerns. Other pertinent information and a UTPS order form can be found at the back of the document. KW - Carpools KW - Computer programs KW - Information processing KW - Land use KW - Microcomputers KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Routing KW - Traffic assignment KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207822 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462826 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1984/10 SP - n.p. AB - An explanation of the history of the federal transit program and the activities performed under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, is given. KW - Federal government KW - Government funding KW - History KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396575 AU - Batchelder, J H AU - Forstall, K W AU - Wensley, J A AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESTIMATING PATRONAGE FOR COMMUNITY TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1984/10 SP - v.p. AB - This handbook provides guidance in estimating patronage for community-based transit services that could be implemented to replace or supplement regular fixed-route service or be established in communities having no public transit. The planning techniques presented and illustrated are applicable to feasibility studies and detailed service planning in urban and suburban settings. Chapter 2 discusses decisions made in designing and evaluating proposed transit service, describing the role of ridership estimates and presenting approaches to analyzing proposed services. Chapter 3 presents and illustrates the simpler techniques that may be used in preliminary planning or in situations where exact estimates may not be required. Techniques that produce the level of sophistication for later stages of some planning efforts are presented in Chapter 4. Three case studies are presented in Chapter 5, using both types of techniques. Existing estimation techniques are pulled together into a single document with guidance on when and how each should be used. For situations requiring relatively sophisticated techniques such as equilibrium models, the handbook discusses data requirements, software, computer compatibility and refers to more detailed documentation. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost control KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Handbooks KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Service discontinuance KW - Transportation planning UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56394/estimatingpatro8521unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215975 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396471 AU - Mauri, R AU - Cooney, N A AU - Prowe, G J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT SECURITY: A DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES PY - 1984/10 SP - 128 p. AB - This report provides a broad perspective on transit security. It examines a wide range of transit security problems encountered by transit systems, namely: crime against passengers and employees; crimes involving revenues, including fare evasion by patrons and revenue theft by employees; and crimes against transit property including vandalism and graffiti. A primary focus is transit crime that is highly publicized and apparent to passengers and consequently has a detrimental effect on transit ridership. In addition, the report also addresses internal security subjects such as facility portection and the integrity of the revenue system. The transit security countermeasures described in this report include: transit security personnel organizations and activities; security management activities; transit policing activities, and products, equipment and technologies used to provide transit security. The report discusses the problem of selecting cost-effective countermeasures for transit crime problems and the process by which change is implemented within transit security organizations. A common theme discussed throughout the report is the systems approach to transit security. The basis of the systems approach is that all elements of a unit are integrated. This study is an initial effort to identify security problems and available countermeasures. Findings and recommendations documented in this report provide a basis for the establishment of a security program to systematically address transit security needs. KW - Crimes KW - Graffiti KW - Police KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Security KW - Theft KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vandalism UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34278/DOT-TSC-UMTA-84-22.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214026 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458677 AU - COLSON, C W AU - Chapman, W B AU - Schroder, R J AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT ODOMETER DATA DOWNLINK COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM DESIGN SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 151 p. AB - This report summarizes the design of the moving block collision avoidance system developed for the Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) System. As the name implies, the system utilizes the on-board vehicular odometer to track individual vehicle speeds and positions throughout the guideway. The design utilizes eight and sixteen bit microprocessors throughout, and incorporates unique self-exercised software to detect potentially unsafe latent failures within the hardware. Odometer data is downlinked to the wayside via a proven inductive communications system. Wayside equipment computes minimum safe headway for each vehicle based upon a worst-case scenario, and compares this worst-case value to the measured value. Headway violations initiate emergency rate braking for affected vehicles. The design supports a minimum safe headway of 3.08 seconds with a brick-wall stop criterion. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automatic train protection KW - Block signal systems KW - Block systems KW - Crash avoidance systems KW - Fail safe KW - Fail safe systems KW - Headways KW - Microprocessors KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272656 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472723 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMENTS AND RESPONSES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE LOS ANGELES RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT UNION STATION TO WILSHIRE/ALVARADO PY - 1984/10 SP - 51 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present all substantive comments that were made on the Environmental Assessment for the MOS-1 and to provide the responses to those comments. KW - Environmental impacts KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Public hearings UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281386 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458641 AU - COLSON, C W AU - Boeing Aerospace Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT GUIDEWAY COMMUNICATION UNIT DESIGN SUMMARY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/10 SP - 99 p. AB - This report summarizes the design and development of the Guideway Communication Unit (GCU) for the Advanced Group Rapid Transit program. The GCU functions as an interface between the wayside and vehicles. The GCU contains an inductive communication link, a vehicle presence detection system, and magnetic guideway markers. The inductive communication link provides a two-way command and control data path between the wayside and vehicles. This link also provides a fail-safe speed limit to the vehicle. The design utilizes eight bit microcomputers and incorporates unique self-exercised software to detect potentially unsafe latent failures within the hardware. A digital FSK receiver was designed which operates in the severe impulse noise environment with low bit error rate. The digital FSK receiver is also implemented with an eight bit microcomputer. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Command and control systems KW - Command guidance KW - Communication KW - Communications KW - Fail safe KW - Fail safe systems KW - Inductive communications KW - Microcomputers KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/272635 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451511 AU - Long Island Regional Planning Board AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE JOURNEY TO WORK TO MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS-1984. NASSAU-SUFFOLK SMSA PY - 1984/10 SP - 174 p. AB - The data in this report is designed to supplement 3 previous reports done by the LIRPB related to employment and economic development: Industrial Location Analyses, 1980; Commercial Development Analyses, 1982; and Labor Force and Jobs Analyses, 1983. In addition, this report updates a series of reports on local and interregional worktrips. In this report, the ties to New York City relative to jobs and modes of travel, plus the employment patterns and journey to work on Long Island are designed to be used by public officials and transportation agencies to establish capital funding priorities to facilitate access to the work sites in the New York metropolitan area. The data in this report summarizes the highlights of the journey to work. More detailed statistics are available for special studies. Basically, This report presents an economic profile and spatial dimensions of commuter linkages between Nassau-Sufforlk Counties and New York City, as well as as analysis of the concentration of employment centers. Thirty-two major employment centers are mapped out individually and analyzed in terms of travel patterns and type of employment. Statistical tables are charted out in the Appendix. Currently the 32 major employment centers contain two-thirds of all jobs on Long Island. Projections indicate that 75 percent of the region's employment will be located at these centers. It is concluded that future concentration of work sites could make bus and car pool opportunities greater in the future as the spreadcity pattern on Long Island gradually shifts to a centers approach as envisioned in the 1970 Comprehensive Plan for Nassau and Suffolk Counties. KW - Business districts KW - Commuting KW - Economic development KW - New York (New York) KW - Statistics KW - Suburbs KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 8 KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266707 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396577 AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Gorove-Slade Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PART-TIME OPERATOR ASSIGNMENT METHODS PY - 1984/10 SP - 115 p. AB - This study examines the extent to which part-time operators (PTOs) are currently used by the U.S. transit industry and identifies methods used to assign PTOs to work assignments for existing schedules. Also methods used to consider PTOs in preparation of transit schedules are also examined. PTO utilization can be affected by work rules and other provisions of labor agreements. Chapter 2 describes the extent of PTO use and provides a national perspective on the range and norms of contractural provisions affecting PTOs. PTO wages, work rules and fringe benefits are described. Chapter 3 covers the rationale for selecting the transit agencies contacted; each such agency is then described in terms of operating characteristics and number of PTOs utilized. Incorporating PTOs into runcutting and evaluation of PTO utilization are briefly discussed. Chapter 4 describes methodologies currently used by three transit systems to assign PTOs to segments of work selected from current runcuts. A critique of each method is provided. Chapter 5 describes how three transit agencies have modified existing runcuts in order to make the cost effective use of PTOs. Chapter 6 presents a summary of PTO labor practices, identifying methods which could be considered and recommeded future research. KW - Cost control KW - Employee benefits KW - Labor agreements KW - Part time employees KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Work rules UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56496/parttimeoperato8512comi_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396399 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - DESCRIPTIONS OF TRANSIT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1984/10 SP - 289 p. AB - This 289-page report presents an overview of ten maintenance management information systems that are currently operational or near-operational on minicomputers or microcomputers. The systems described address one or more of the following concerns: cost accounting, work order processing, status tracking, materials processing, preventative maintenance scheduling, failure monitoring, and maintenance resource planning. Most of the systems investigated are more or less automations of the American Trucking Association's Vehicle Maintenance Reporting Standards, and are work order systems that emphasize maintenance cost accounting. The document presents a comparative summary of each of the systems' capabilities, and provides a brief summary of each system. The document should be of special interest to maintenance managers of medium to large sized transit systems. KW - Cost accounting KW - Failure analysis KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Minicomputers KW - Preventive maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395232 AU - Petrie, J F AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM (AERS) FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1984/10 SP - 69 p. AB - As a result of a fire in 1979 at the Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART), a microprocessor-based information retrieval system was developed to aid in the emergency decision-making process. This system was proposed, designed and programmed by a supervisory controller at BART. In 1982, the Office of Technical Assistance of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration initiated an effort to encourage the installation of similar systems, referred to as Automated Emergency Response System (AERS), at other transit sites. The AERS is a computerized data bank containing equipment and facilities location information and predetermined response actions. Its purpose is to provide controllers, dispatchers and supervisors with a quick and accurate information retrieval system. This report presents the results of an effort to deploy and evaluate AERS at transit sites. It contains a discussion of the deployment of the demonstration of AERS systems at the Washington Metropolitan Aera Transit Authority in Washington, D.C. and the Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The subsequent efforts through September 1983 by the Central Control Supervisory Staffs to extend the demonstration systems into operating systems that meet not only the emergency action requirements of the respective transit systems, but other unique requirements as well, are also discussed. KW - Centralized control KW - Centralized traffic control KW - Disaster preparedness KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Microprocessors KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rapid transit KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213035 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394530 AU - Englisher, L S AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LATE-NIGHT SHARED-RIDE TAXI TRANSIT IN ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN PY - 1984/10 SP - 156 p. AB - The Ann Arbor Transportation Authority introduced Night Ride, a late-night shared-ride taxi transit service, in mid-March 1982. The service was provided through a contract with a local taxicab company and funded through a demonstration grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Although the demonstration ended in December 1983, and authority decided to continue operating the service with local funding. Night Ride was initiated when community groups requested extension of Ann Arbor's evening dial-a-ride service to provide safe door-to-door transportation at night. The transit authority proposed the shared-ride taxi concept as a lower cost alternative since extension of dial-a-ride service hours was not viewed as feasible. The authority chose to contract for dedicated vehicles in order to fix the amount of the expenditure. To maximize ridership and make the service easy to use, cash fares were collected and retained by the operator. The fares helped to create an incentive for the operator to maximize productivity. Night Ride was a successful service in terms of ridership, cost and community acceptance. Ridership grew to 2339 passengers per month by the end of the demonstration, and the productivity reached a maximum monthly average of 4.2 passengers per vehicle hour. Although Night Ride was aimed at improving safety, most riders used it for other reasons, citing its low fare of $1.50. Many were occasional users and usually has automobiles available for their nighttime trips. About 35% of the riders were male, which raised questions for some female riders as to the service's ability to insure safe transportation. However, it was not a major issue since many of the trips were work trips and very few riders reported traveling to or form barts. Riders and community groups were plased with the service, despite the fact that wait times were rather long--averaging about 17-25 minutes, but sometimes over one hour. The cost of service to the authority on a per passenger basis was estimated at $2.15 excluding start-up costs, compared with $4.79 for evening and Sunday dial-a-ride and $1.27 for daytime fixed route service. The user share of Night Ride's operating cost was 43%, much higher than those of the other AATA services. The evaluation report concludes that, despite some site-specific factors, services like Night Ride should succeed in other communities with similar levels of nighttime demand. KW - Michigan KW - Night KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Ridesharing KW - Security KW - Shared ride KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212546 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394564 AU - Lamkin, J AU - SAUNDERS, J AU - Hearne-Locke, L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECT OF LABOR DISPUTES ON TRANSIT RIDERSHIP PY - 1984/10 SP - 89 p. AB - The objective of this study was to assess the effects of labor disputes on transit ridership in Texas using statistical analysis of selected variables. However during the 1979-1983 study period only one transit system in Texas experienced a strike. Therefore it was necessary to examine what happened to systems outside the state which had labor strikes during this period. The results of this study and the effects of labor strikes on transit ridership on systems outside Texas can serve as an indicator of what might be expected to occur to transit ridership for Texas systems following a strike. Indeed Dallas, which did experience a strike during the study period, lost riders after its settlement. Previous studies which addressed this issue have tended to examine the effect of a specific strike, and the effects included a wide range of variables, ridership being only one of several. Most of these studies observed and documented the effects of the strike, both during and after the dispute. The findings of the previous studies as they relate to transit ridership were generally confirmed by this work. It is apparent that transit systems do experience a loss of riders following a labor strike. In light of increasing costs and declining productivity, lost ridership can be a critical factor for transit management. While there are negative implications for both management and labor as results of a strike, it is, perhaps, the public which incurs the major inconvenience. KW - Competition KW - Demographics KW - Labor relations KW - Marketing KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Strikes KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation modes UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212563 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395231 AU - Bellamy, N AU - Wright, C AU - Florida A&M University, Tallahassee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARATRANSIT PROFILE DEVELOPMENT FOR SMALL URBAN CITIES. PHASE I PY - 1984/10 SP - 32 p. AB - The need for greater organizational cooperation at the local level and between the public and private sector, can be addressed by focusing on new approaches to the roles of paratransit. This study shows that one way of analyzing the need for more paratransit cooperation is by the use of paratransit profiles. Profile information can assist ridesharing agencies in establishing similar criteria and also in their efforts towards increasing ridership and paratransit system operational longevity. The objective of this research was the development of such profiles. The project was not intended to be a data collection effort, but utilizes existing data banks to develop the profiles. The primary focus of the project was on the development of paratransit profile characteristics for small urban cities (100,000 to 300,000 population) in the southeastern United States. The objectives of the project are to be completed in two phases. This report, Phase I, consisted of the following objectives: 1) to identify data banks currently around the country with available paratransit information; 2) to define and describe the information (data) and paratransit service providers (carpooling, vanpooling, etc.) pertinent to this project; and 3) to identify and correlate the characteristics of the paratransit providers. Phase II objectives will consist of the following: 1) to identify and study 25 existing ridesharing models for validity; 2) to develop initial profiles with these characteristics as identified in Objective 3; 3) to develop final profiles from initial profiles after validation with follow-up consideration; and 4) to print profiles for distribution. In Phase I, after identifying and describing the available data, characteristics are correlated to determine paratransit types, paratransit grouping, and topic areas. The topic areas, when summarized, serve as the basis of developing 167 profiles. The profiles will be used in Phase II of the research. KW - Atlantic Coast (United States) KW - Carpools KW - Coordination KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridesharing KW - Small cities KW - Southeastern United States KW - Travel behavior KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213034 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393519 AU - Hase/Schannen Research Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MTA'S IMPROVED RESPONSE TO THE PUBLIC/BENCHMARK ATTITUDE SURVEY PY - 1984/10 SP - 315 p. AB - The purpose of this survey study was to increase the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority's (MTA) understanding of public transit users' and non-users' view of MTA's six operating systems as well as to further MTA management's responsiveness to consumer needs. The 3 main study objectives were: to profile consumer attitudes and perceptions of the MTA transportation services; to provide benchmark measures for tracking changes and reasons for changes in these attitudes and perceptions over time; and to determine what tradeoff, if any, consumers were willing to make regarding public transportation services. Survey interviewing was conducted in 2 phases: 1) a base survey designed to provide a global view of consumers in the 13-county operating area was conducted with randomly selected adults (1,000 interviews); and 2) booster surveys were conducted to complete the quota of user/non-user interviews established by MTA for each operating system. Details regarding the sampling techniques and survey design used in this study are included in this report along with the detailed findings regarding the usage and ratings of the MTA six operating systems: New York City Subways; New York City Transit Authority Buses; Long Island Rail Road; Metro-North railroad; Suburban Bus Authority Buses; and Staten Island Rapid Transit Authority. Overall, the MTA system was rated by users of the system on a scale where 10 means the best possible rating and 0 means the worst possible rating--SIRTOA was rated on a 7.9 average; MSBA and LIRR were rated on a 6 average; TA Buses and Metro-North were rated on average, between 5 and 6; and the New York subways were rated on an average of 3.9. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Consumers KW - Interviewing KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Marketing KW - Metroplitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208227 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392828 AU - OFEGRO, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING-PRICING MANAGEMENT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/10 SP - 10 p. AB - Pricing of parking is among the parking management tactics that can be used to assist in attainment of many local transportation, economic, environmental, and other objectives. The price of parking can be increased as a part of transportation measures to encourage the use of high-occupancy vehicles and influence parking behavior. Use of low-occupancy vehicles can be discouraged by pricing involving differential charges for using streets or off-street facilities for parking, while expanding the service of buses, shared taxis, carpools and vanpools. Charges from low-occupancy vehicles can contribute to funding expanded transit service or parking facility construction. The Service and Methods Demonstrations of UMTA have funded several innovative parking pricing projects; the following are described: Madison, WI; Eugene, OR; Hermosa Beach, CA; Santa Cruz County, CA; and Los Angeles, CA. Parking pricing, if combined effectively with other parking management techniques, can encourage high-occupancy vehicles. Strategies most commonly used are residential-permit Parking; park-and-ride lots; preferential parking for carpools/vanpools; zoning to reduce parking supply; pricing to encourage short-term (shopper) parking; and aggressive parking enforcement. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Carpools KW - Case studies KW - Demonstration projects KW - High occupancy vehicles KW - Park and ride KW - Parking demand KW - Parking regulations KW - Parking restrictions KW - Pricing KW - Vanpools KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392832 AU - Chiu, H Y AU - Kershner, D L AU - McEvaddy, P J AU - Johns Hopkins University, Laurel AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A NETWORK MANAGEMENT SIMULATION OF AUTOMATED GUIDEWAY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS UNDER VEHICLE-FOLLOWER CONTROL PY - 1984/10 SP - 155 p. AB - A computer simulation was developed for the evaluation of station operations, vehicle management techniques, and vehicle-follower longitudinal control algorithms in a full automated guideway rapid transit network context. The simulation was then exercised to investigate the performance characteristics of interactions among vehicle control, network management, and station models. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automation KW - Network analysis (Planning) KW - Network flows KW - People movers KW - Simulation KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207821 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393490 AU - Millen, A S AU - Cohen, D R AU - Dynamics Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT RELIABILITY INFORMATION PROGRAM: PATCO-WMATA PROPULSION SYSTEM RELIABILITY/PRODUCTIVITY ANANLYSIS PY - 1984/10 SP - 184 p. AB - The Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP) is a government-initiated program to assist the transit industry in satisfying its need for transit reliability information. TRIP provides this assistance through the operation of a national data bank. This data bank collects, stores, and analyzes data generated by transit operators during the course of revenue service operation and equipment maintenance. The results of the periodic analyses of the stored data are distributed to TRIP participants and users. This report provides a description of the utilization of TRIP data as a tool for reliability/productivity analysis. The Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO) and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) are the participating transit authorities for which there is some maintainability data (labor hours by maintenance action) on the data base, thus restricting the reliability/productivity analysis to these two authorities. KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Failure analysis KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mean time between failures KW - Performance KW - Performance analysis KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Statistical analysis KW - Tractive forces KW - Transit reliability information program (Trip) KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208208 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393489 AU - Anagnostopoulos, G AU - Etschmaier, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESCRIPTIONS OF TRANSIT MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1984/10 SP - 277 p. AB - The Maintenance Management Information System (MMIS) is primarily a development of minicomputers because they are much more economical than mainframe computers. Brief descriptions and assessments of 10 MMIS software packages are presented. The software programs have different capabilities in supporting a full range of maintenance management functions which can include the following: Cost accounting, work-order processing, status tracking, materials processing, preventive maintenance scheduling, failure monitoring, and maintenance resource planning. Capabilities are summarized from information received from vendors. The report is in three sections: current state of MMIS; Overview of the MMISs Revised; and MMIS Descriptions. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Cost accounting KW - Inventory KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Management information systems KW - Minicomputers KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208207 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451477 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN TRANSIT. LUNCHEON REMARKS OF RALPH L. STANLEY PY - 1984/09/11 SP - p. 7-10 AB - Federal funds and local taxes to improve transit are both limited. We must explore all possible means for meeting the challenge of developing cost-effective transit. Across the country, partnerships between the private and public sectors have become more active in providing public mobility. Taxis and private bus services are being used in more new ways in cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles, the Norfolk Tidewater district in Virginia, and Ann Arbor, Michigan. Wherever such innovations in public transit are used, they achieve two things: they reduce costs and improve the level of service. The use of privately operated express commuter bus service on contract to such cities as Houston, Cleveland, Hartford, Chicago, and Boston has decreased peak hour congestion and operating costs while improving customer satisfaction. Unsubsidized private services transport 100,000 passengers to Manhattan daily; 6,000 ride private carriers in Los Angeles and 3,000 in the Chicago area. Private interest groups provide free or low-cost volunteer transportation in other locales, and private parties have helped support other such projects. The private sector has become integrated with public transport in various creative ways. One of the most important steps in building this partnership lies early in the local planning process. Making sound decisions on major transit investments rests on planners ability to forecast public transit needs and potential ridership accurately. Local policymakers' and political leaders' ability to formulate realistic financing strategies and to take advantage of opportunities for public/private ventues rests on the foundation. Those strategic decisions rely on data and plans developed in the alternatives analysis process. The most successful competitors for federal funds will be supported by effective, thoughtful forecasting of local needs and a thorough evaluation of cost-effective alternatives by regional policymakers; transit systems designed strictly for political reasons will fail. Local decision makers must be given the greatest flexibility in managing local affairs. To support private sector initiatives, UMTA will issue a policy incorporating meaningful, early involvement of the private sector in local planning and consultation with private sector interest involved in providing public transportation. A panel of advisors initiated by UMTA will recommend ways to accelerate integration of private sector providers. A Joint Center for Urban Mobility Research has been established at Rice Center to serve as a clearinghouse for information on private sector initiatives and to provide technical support and conduct related research. UMTA is also participating in research on ways to attract and employ greater private sector participation in local planning. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Needs assessment KW - Partnerships KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Subscription bus KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462881 AU - Damm-Luhr, D L AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. SELECTED READINGS VOLUME 3. ADDRESSING ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES. GUIDEBOOK PY - 1984/09 SP - 100 p. AB - This document is one in a series of selected readings covering a range of topics related to microcomputers. This volume was preceded by "Getting Started in Microcomputers" (Vol. 1) and "Selecting a Single User System" (Vol. 2). Volume 3 has been designed to give the transportation professional practical suggestions for ways to increase the effectiveness of their computing tools. First we identify those factors which seem to make a difference when and after new computing tools are introduced. In effect, this is a checklist of "good practices which the transportation professional ought to keep in mind. Closely following this discussion of good practice is a framework for self-assessment of your particular situation. Using this framework should be a first step toward identifying your needs for organizational changes to be a part of managing computing tools. In the third section an outline of specific actions which have been taken in a variety of industries is presented, together with mention of the types of problems which can surface and actually have occurred. Where possible, these actions and problems are illustrated with short case examples developed from experiences of public transportation agencies. Finally, the last part rounds out the guidebook with a discussion of the larger context in which informational resources are developed in an organization. An appendix with a variety of related readings, plus an extensive list of references are also provided. KW - Effectiveness KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Microcomputers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471463 AU - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR ENERGY EMERGENCIES. SEPTA PY - 1984/09 SP - 102 p. AB - The weathering of 2 energy crises in the 1970s taught SEPTA that good planning is a must. Fuel shortages pose opportunities as well as problems for transit systems by offering the chance to permanently increase ridership. By minimizing ridership discomforts and inconveniences during the fuel shortage, SEPTA hopes to increase its ridership on a more permanent basis. The objective of this study is to develop an Energy Contingency Plan that would reflect SEPTA's best effort and speed its response to a major fuel shortage. The Plan is part of a regional, multi-modal planning effort--the transit section of a regional Energy Contingency Plan being prepared by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC). The Plan calls for the coordination and cooperation of all participating agencies for the effective resolution of the problems caused by fuel shortages. SEPTA's Plan examines alternative ways of expanding transit capacity in an emergency. It analyzes how rolling stock, routes and schedules, personnel, facilities, public information, rates, ridership and finances will be affected by specific contingency measures. For each contingency measure, the cost, time, and the required preliminary procedures for implementation are determined. In general, the Plan suggests that the DVRPC and the Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce have a network that could be utilized to coordinate responses to an energy emergency. Both bodies could help publicize the imminent shortages and encourage their members to start talking conservation measures, as well as promote staggered work hour programs to major Center City businesses and public agencies. KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel shortage KW - Fuels KW - Multimodal transportation KW - Ridership KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Supply KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280747 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455181 AU - Sara, T S AU - Tuskegee Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A PROJECT TO STUDY THE USE OF MICROCOMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN PLANNING AND OPERATION OF SMALL CITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SYSTEMS PY - 1984/09 SP - 36 p. AB - The purpose of this research was to study the use of microcomputer technology in the planning and operation of small city transportation systems. Existing and potential planning and administrative applications of microcomputers were identified. Hardware and software capabilities of some of the popular microcomputers in the market were studied in order to determine their uses in small city transportation systems. Interviews were conducted with persons responsible for transportation systems in small to medium sized cities in Central Alabama and West Georgia. In addition, information was gathered from a review of literature dealing with transportation planning techniques for small cities. The information gathered from the interviews and review of literature was combined to identify the following most common activities performed in small city transportation systems: Planning; Scheduling; Transportation; Maintenance; Purchasing and Maintenance Inventory; Accounting and Finance; and Personnel and Labor Relations. The authors point out that each of these activities require completion of certain tasks. The report presents flow charts which show, in simple form, the input and output requirements for carrying out the tasks for each of the activities. The flow charts were used to determine if there existed vertical software and computer hardware to enable small cities to computerize their transportation systems. Also, non-vertical software were assessed to see if they could meet the requirements shown in the data flow charts for small city transportation systems. KW - Administration KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Microcomputers KW - Planning KW - Small cities KW - Surveys KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268149 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472733 AU - Kaufeld, R AU - Koch, U AU - Nuppnau, H AU - Rothermel, V H AU - Zacharias, U AU - Bushueff, B P AU - Sobel, K L AU - SNV Studiengesellschaft Nahverkehr mbH AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Ministry of Research and Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN INTERNATIONAL PARATRANSIT TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 141 p. AB - A joint U.S./German assessment team composed of paratransit specialists examined a number of operating paratransit systems in both countries with the goal of transit technology exchange. The U.S. focus was on the appropriateness of configuring demand-responsive transit in a stop-to-stop (or checkpoint) fashion, as opposed to providing door-to-door service and the value of automating a variety of functions of an operating paratransit system with advanced technology, as opposed to accomplishing those functions in a manual and/or nontechnological way. The German aim was to become more acquainted with paratransit concepts that differ from German developments as an initial step to broadening the spectrum of public transit service and the possibilities of applying American paratransit technology. Findings and conclusions of the assessments are presented. KW - Brokerage KW - Computers KW - Coordination KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Germany KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Technology transfer KW - Umta section 6 KW - United States KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281395 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463475 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO-NORTH COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE STUDY. SUMMARY REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 12 p. AB - Metro-North is a commuter rail (MNCR) service serving New York and portions of Connecticut. It directly operates the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines and has responsibility for the New York State portion of Port Jervis and Pascack Valley lines that are operated by New Jersey Transit and not included in this study. A total of 3,131 trains operate on the 3 lines weekly, with 527 trains on weekdays and approximately 250 trains on weekends. Main termination point for all lines is Grand Central Terminal with over 81 percent of weekday and 71 percent of weekend trains originating or terminating at the station--remainder of trains operate as shuttles. There are 108 stations served by the 3 major lines of Metro-North. Basically, this project consisted of 2 activities: 1) a series of Weekend Ridership Counts and Surveys, and 2) a series of Weekday Peak and Off-Peak Counts. Surveys are reported in 5 brief and separate reports: Summary Report, Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Report, Weekday Report, Weekend Report, and Trains Supply/Passenger Demand Charts By Train. The purpose of these surveys was to facilitate the planning and development of a mass transportation improvement program for the MNCR. The program is being conducted to modernize and improve train service within the New York and Connecticut sectors of the Tri-State transportation area which includes portions of Harlem, Hudson, New Haven, Port Jervis, and Pascack Valley lines. The survey data will be used as a planning tool in developing a cost-effective service pattern, implementing service standards, and conducting rigorous financial analyses. The Summary Report summarizes the methods and results of the MNCR Survey conducted between October 1981 and November 1982. Results and conclusions are also provided. KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Passenger counting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekdays KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274797 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463477 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO-NORTH COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE STUDY. WEEKDAY REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 65 p. AB - Metro-North is a commuter rail (MNCR) service serving New York and portions of Connecticut. It directly operates the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines and has responsibility for the New York State portion of Port Jervis and Pascack Valley lines that are operated by New Jersey Transit and not included in this study. A total of 3,131 trains operate on the 3 lines weekly, with 527 trains on weekdays and approximately 250 trains on weekends. Main termination point for all lines is Grand Central Terminal with over 81 percent of weekday and 71 percent of weekend trains originating or terminating at the station--remainder of trains operate as shuttles. There are 108 stations served by the 3 major lines of Metro-North. Basically, this project consisted of 2 activities: 1) a series of Weekend Ridership Counts and Surveys, and 2) a series of Weekday Peak and Off-Peak Counts. Surveys are reported in 5 brief and separate reports: Summary Report, Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Report, Weekday Report, Weekend Report, and Trains Supply/Passenger Demand Charts By Train. The purpose of these surveys was to facilitate the planning and development of a mass transportation improvement program for the MNCR. The program is being conducted to modernize and improve train service within the New York and Connecticut sectors of the Tri-State transportation area which includes portions of Harlem, Hudson, New Haven, Port Jervis, and Pascack Valley lines. The survey data will be used as a planning tool in developing a cost-effective service pattern, implementing service standards, and conducting rigorous financial analyses. The Summary Report summarizes the methods and results of the MNCR Survey conducted between October 1981 and November 1982. Results and conclusions are also provided. KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Passenger counting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekdays KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274799 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463479 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO-NORTH COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE STUDY. TRAIN SUPPLY/PASSENGER DEMAND CHARTS BY TRAIN PY - 1984/09 SP - 40 p. AB - Metro-North is a commuter rail (MNCR) service serving New York and portions of Connecticut. It directly operates the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines and has responsibility for the New York State portion of Port Jervis and Pascack Valley lines that are operated by New Jersey Transit and not included in this study. A total of 3,131 trains operate on the 3 lines weekly, with 527 trains on weekdays and approximately 250 trains on weekends. Main termination point for all lines is Grand Central Terminal with over 81 percent of weekday and 71 percent of weekend trains originating or terminating at the station--remainder of trains operate as shuttles. There are 108 stations served by the 3 major lines of Metro-North. Basically, this project consisted of 2 activities: 1) a series of Weekend Ridership Counts and Surveys, and 2) a series of Weekday Peak and Off-Peak Counts. Surveys are reported in 5 brief and separate reports: Summary Report, Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Report, Weekday Report, Weekend Report, and Trains Supply/Passenger Demand Charts By Train. The purpose of these surveys was to facilitate the planning and development of a mass transportation improvement program for the MNCR. The program is being conducted to modernize and improve train service within the New York and Connecticut sectors of the Tri-State transportation area which includes portions of Harlem, Hudson, New Haven, Port Jervis, and Pascack Valley lines. The survey data will be used as a planning tool in developing a cost-effective service pattern, implementing service standards, and conducting rigorous financial analyses. The Summary Report summarizes the methods and results of the MNCR Survey conducted between October 1981 and November 1982. Results and conclusions are also provided. KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Passenger counting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekdays KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274801 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463478 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO-NORTH COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE STUDY. WEEKEND REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 60 p. AB - Metro-North is a commuter rail (MNCR) service serving New York and portions of Connecticut. It directly operates the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines and has responsibility for the New York State portion of Port Jervis and Pascack Valley lines that are operated by New Jersey Transit and not included in this study. A total of 3,131 trains operate on the 3 lines weekly, with 527 trains on weekdays and approximately 250 trains on weekends. Main termination point for all lines is Grand Central Terminal with over 81 percent of weekday and 71 percent of weekend trains originating or terminating at the station--remainder of trains operate as shuttles. There are 108 stations served by the 3 major lines of Metro-North. Basically, this project consisted of 2 activities: 1) a series of Weekend Ridership Counts and Surveys, and 2) a series of Weekday Peak and Off-Peak Counts. Surveys are reported in 5 brief and separate reports: Summary Report, Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Report, Weekday Report, Weekend Report, and Trains Supply/Passenger Demand Charts By Train. The purpose of these surveys was to facilitate the planning and development of a mass transportation improvement program for the MNCR. The program is being conducted to modernize and improve train service within the New York and Connecticut sectors of the Tri-State transportation area which includes portions of Harlem, Hudson, New Haven, Port Jervis, and Pascack Valley lines. The survey data will be used as a planning tool in developing a cost-effective service pattern, implementing service standards, and conducting rigorous financial analyses. The Summary Report summarizes the methods and results of the MNCR Survey conducted between October 1981 and November 1982. Results and conclusions are also provided. KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Passenger counting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekdays KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274800 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00463476 AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METRO-NORTH COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE STUDY. PORT JERVIS AND PASCACK VALLEY REPORT PY - 1984/09 SP - 9 p. AB - Metro-North is a commuter rail (MNCR) service serving New York and portions of Connecticut. It directly operates the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven lines and has responsibility for the New York State portion of Port Jervis and Pascack Valley lines that are operated by New Jersey Transit and not included in this study. A total of 3,131 trains operate on the 3 lines weekly, with 527 trains on weekdays and approximately 250 trains on weekends. Main termination point for all lines is Grand Central Terminal with over 81 percent of weekday and 71 percent of weekend trains originating or terminating at the station--remainder of trains operate as shuttles. There are 108 stations served by the 3 major lines of Metro-North. Basically, this project consisted of 2 activities: 1) a series of Weekend Ridership Counts and Surveys, and 2) a series of Weekday Peak and Off-Peak Counts. Surveys are reported in 5 brief and separate reports: Summary Report, Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Report, Weekday Report, Weekend Report, and Trains Supply/Passenger Demand Charts By Train. The purpose of these surveys was to facilitate the planning and development of a mass transportation improvement program for the MNCR. The program is being conducted to modernize and improve train service within the New York and Connecticut sectors of the Tri-State transportation area which includes portions of Harlem, Hudson, New Haven, Port Jervis, and Pascack Valley lines. The survey data will be used as a planning tool in developing a cost-effective service pattern, implementing service standards, and conducting rigorous financial analyses. The Summary Report summarizes the methods and results of the MNCR Survey conducted between October 1981 and November 1982. Results and conclusions are also provided. KW - Data collection KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - New York Metropolitan Area KW - Passenger counting KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional transportation KW - Ridership KW - Surveys KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekdays KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455198 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLAN DEVELOPMENT FOR PLAQUEMINES PARISH RURAL TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1984/09 SP - 104 p. AB - In November 1983, public transit was re-established in Plaquemines Parish--a linear corridor running south of New Orleans alongside both banks of the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. Plaquemines Parish Commission Council purchased 5 coaches and leased them to Delta Transit, Inc. for operations on two routes in Plaquemines Parish and one route between New Orleans and the two routes in Plaquemines Parish and one route between New Orleans and the Grand Isle. The purpose of this study was to prepare both a short and long term marketing program for the new system, to evaluate the system's ability to generate revenues, and to project expenses to be incurred by the proposed system. This report accomplishes the purpose and provides an analysis of the important aspects of the transit system from an economic and marketing standpoint. Documented in this report are estimates of ridership demand for the new bus service, a complete description of transit service operations, revenue and expense projections, and short and long term marketing programs for the new service. The short term program documented in this report was instituted prior to the initiation of the service and data collected in the survey was used for the long term marketing plan. KW - Bus routes KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Louisiana KW - Marketing KW - Rural areas KW - Short term KW - Time duration KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268157 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451523 AU - Grenzeback, Lance R AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 4B: STATION AND VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS FOR COMMUTER RAIL PY - 1984/09 SP - 239 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and ate reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volume 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Modifications KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266718 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451515 AU - Metz, P J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 1A: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUBWAY AND BUS PY - 1984/09 SP - 47 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one is a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur d. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following voulmes: 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; volume 3B--Evaluation of System concepts for Commuter Rail; volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Repositories/Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Private enterprise KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266710 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451517 AU - Jeffreys, D C AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 2: TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PY - 1984/09 SP - 197 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Ince., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of system Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Repositories/Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266712 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451519 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 3A--APPENDIX E THROUGH O. EVALUATION OF SYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUBWAY AND BUS PY - 1984/09 SP - 362 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Surway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Tecnology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment, Volume 5 Appendices. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus transportation KW - Concepts KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Innovation KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266714 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451516 AU - Metz, P J AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 1B: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COMMUTER RAIL PY - 1984/09 SP - 70 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernize automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one is a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation uthority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, ruged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; olume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Repositories/Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Private enterprise KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266711 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451518 AU - Arntzen, B C AU - Burger, T O AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 3A: EVALUATION OF SYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR SUBWAY AND BUS PY - 1984/09 SP - 417 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one is a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magenetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported i the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Repositories/Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus transportation KW - Concepts KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Innovation KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266713 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451520 AU - Burger, T O AU - Arntzen, B C AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME: 3B: EVALUATION OF SYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL PY - 1984/09 SP - 312 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one is a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the follwoing volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Repositories/Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Concepts KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Innovation KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266715 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451522 AU - Grenzeback, Lance R AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 4A: STATION AND VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS FOR SUBWAY AND BUS PY - 1984/09 SP - 203 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Vvolume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Bus transportation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Modifications KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Railroad stations KW - Rapid transit KW - Subways KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266717 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451521 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 3B--APPENDICES C THROUGH G. EVALUATION OF SYSTEM CONCEPTS FOR COMMUTER RAIL PY - 1984/09 SP - 275 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Authur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A-Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment, Volume 5 Appendices. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Concepts KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - Innovation KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Systems KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266716 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451506 AU - Steinert, P J AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL TRANSIT VEHICLE SELECTION SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCUREMENT GUIDELINES PY - 1984/09 SP - 185 p. AB - This manual has been compiled primarily to assist small California agencies and organizations serving older persons and/or disabled persons in their local purchase of vehicles and related equipment for social service transportation provision. The beginning of the manual presents descriptions of the types of small transit vehicles on the market. The second part of the publication provides guidance for vehicle selection. The third section deals with specification writing and provides examples of specifications for common types of vehicles and equipment. The fourth section outlines the procurement process in a step-by-step format with typical bid and authorization documents included as examples. KW - Aged KW - California KW - Equipment KW - Minibuses KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Procurement KW - Social service agencies KW - Specifications KW - Vans KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266702 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451524 AU - Boghani, A B AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 5: TEST AND EVALUATION OF BUS-MOUNTED AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT PY - 1984/09 SP - 120 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized aucomatic fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternation system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volume: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; Volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Buses KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Technology assessment KW - Testing KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266719 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451525 AU - Little (Arthur D), Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGY. VOLUME 5--APPENDICES: TEST AND EVALUATION OF BUS MOUNTED AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT PY - 1984/09 SP - 220 p. AB - The decision to move away from the current manual mechanized fare collection system to a modernized automativ fare collection (AFC) system generated this study. This report is one in a series of 9 reports resulting from an evaluation of AFC technology carried out by Arthur D. Little, Inc., for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The evaluation assessed the technical and cost aspects of alternative AFC system concepts for use in the New York subway, bus, and commuter rail systems along with the marketing and revenue aspects of these alternatives. Overall, the study recommends that: 1) the cornerstone of the MTA AFC system be the magnetic card; 2) the initial AFC systems be simple, rugged, and well-proven; 3) the establishment of a fare collection equipment group; and 4) the use of the private sector as much as possible for systems, hardware, and service. While much of the technology evaluated in this study applied to all modes, different sets of alternative system concepts for each mode were examined and are reported in the following volumes: Volume 1A--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Subway and Bus; Volume 1B--Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Commuter Rail; Volume 2--Technology Assessment; volume 3A--Evaluation of System Concepts for Subway and Bus; Volume 3B--Evaluation of System Concepts for Commuter Rail; Volume 4A--Station and Vehicle Modifications for Commuter Rail; and Volume 5--Test and Evaluation of Bus-Mounted Automatic Fare Collection Equipment and Volume 5 Appendices. Appendices for Volumes 3A and 3B are available from all UMTA/UMTRIS Regional Centers. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Buses KW - Equipment KW - Evaluation KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Information management KW - Information organization KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Technology assessment KW - Testing KW - Umta section 8 KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266720 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394517 AU - New Jersey Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NORTH JERSEY BUS ROUTE EVALUATION SYSTEM PY - 1984/09 SP - 42 p. AB - This report represents a first step in developing a systematic approach to interstate bus route performance. The North Jersey Bus Route Evaluation System is a set of specific measures of bus performance for interstate bus routes in northern New Jersey. These standards are used to evaluate interstate bus route characteristics including passenger levels, service coverage, and net revenue. Focusing on the performance of route segments, they are designed to complement the more general bus service standards and serve as a tool in alering bus route patterns in a given study area. The standards used were developed in conjunction with a restructuring of interstate bus routes serving the George Washington Bridge Bus Station in New York City. However, the evaluation discussed in this study was designed for application to any interstate bus route in northern New Jersey to New York City. It is hoped that by formalizing route segment evaluation, these measures can be used for performing a periodic review of interstate bus route performance as well as for major route restructuring studies in New Jersey. The appendices in this report provide Service Standards Guidelines, George Washington Bridge Route Executive Summary, and George Washington Bridge Route Maps. KW - Bus routes KW - Commuter service KW - Interstate transportation KW - Level of service KW - New Jersey Transit KW - New York (New York) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212539 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394443 AU - Whitford, R K AU - Orski, C K AU - Purdue Research Foundation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIABILITY OF MOBILITY ENTERPRISE CONCEPTS. VOLUME 1: NEIGHBORHOOD TRANSPORTATION SERVICE DELIVERY PY - 1984/09 SP - 43 p. AB - This 2-volume study addresses the mobility enterprise (ME) concept--a new transportation concept aimed at increasing the productivity of the automobile through use of mini-micro automobiles in conjunction with a shared fleet of intermediate and full-sized vehicles. The main objective of the enterprise is to provide a better matching of vehicle attributes to trip requirements. Volume 1 examines the neighborhood service delivery concept. Besides such neighborhood services as crime prevention patrol, day care centers, etc., it is recommended that local delivery of services be extended to provide needed mobility and transportation for neighborhood residents. The rational for neighborhood transportation service delivery lies in the belief that decentralized service delivery may overcome some of the inadequacies of existing public transit systems. Instead of area-wide (fixed-route) transit, service would be tailored to the needs of an individual community and to more economical forms of service. A workshop of transportation and neighborhood service experts was conducted and findings analyzed to determine the important elements involved in the conceptual design. Important criteria for providing such service are neighborhoods that have self-recognized transportation needs, a strong association, local political support, the potential for part-time or volunteer drivers, and the presence of a strongly motivated individual or group who will act as the prime mover for the project. Criteria can be used to evaluate communities that are possible demonstration sites. Example preliminary demonstration designs for neighborhood areas in Rochester, New York, and San Antonio, Texas were performed and are discussed in this report. KW - Matching KW - Mobility KW - Mobility enterprise KW - Neighborhoods KW - Paratransit services KW - Part time employees KW - Rental cars KW - Ridesharing KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle capacity KW - Volunteers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394508 AU - Perry, J L AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ORGANIZATIONAL FORM AND TRANSIT PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/09 SP - 10 p. AB - This research reports the results of a study of the relationships between ownership-management structure and transit agency performance. The study is divided into two areas: a review of past research into the relationship between organizational form and performance and an empirical analysis using Section 15 data for 1979-80. The performance of five different organizational forms was compared: publicly-managed general governments; publicly-managed special districts; contract-managed general governments; contract-managed special districts; and privately owned and managed systems. Eight performance dimensions were used for the comparisons: revenue generation; output per dollar; service consumption; public assistance; labor efficiency; vehicle efficiency; safety; and maintenance efficiency. Privately-owned and managed systems were found to be significantly more efficient than the other four types. The relative efficiency of contract-managed systems was no better than publicly-managed systems. In contrast to the efficiency results, private systems were significantly less safe than most types of publicly-owned systems. The report addresses the policy implications of the findings. KW - Contractors KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Institutional issues KW - Operating costs KW - Partial prestressing KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prestressing KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Revenues KW - Safety KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212530 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391615 AU - Perry, J L AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ORGANIZATIONAL FORM AND TRANSIT PERFORMANCE: A RESEARCH REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS PY - 1984/09 SP - 61 p. AB - This research reports the results of a study of the relationships between ownership-management structure and transit agency performance. The study is divided into two areas: a review of past research into the relationship between organizational form and performance and an empirical analysis using Section 15 data for 1979-80. The performance of five different organizational forms was compared: publicly-managed special districts; contract-managed general governments; contract-managed special districts; and privately owned and managed systems. Eight performance dimensions were used for the comparisons: revenue generation, output per dollar, service consumption, public assistance, labor efficiency, vehicle efficiency, safety, and maintenance efficiency. Privately-owned and managed systems were found to be significantly more efficient than the other four types. The relative efficiency of contract-managed systems was no better than publicly-managed systems. In contrast to the efficiency results, private systems were significatly less safe than most types of publicly-owned systems. The report addresses the policy implications of the findings. KW - Contractors KW - Institutional issues KW - Level of service KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206937 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391935 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE STATUS OF THE NATION'S LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION: CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE PY - 1984/09 SP - 168 p. AB - The report responds to Section 310 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, the first in a biennial series to Congress on the performance and needs of the Nation's public mass transportation systems. The current role and performance of local transportation systems in assessed on the basis of available measures and data. Future reports are expected to identify how capital and operating needs can be associated with various levels of transit service or performance. The chapters: Introduction; Profile of Local Public Transportation; External Influences on Local Public Transportation; Cost and Performance in Producing Transit Services; Conclusions and Recommendations. One goal is determining the Federal program's efficiency in achieving the objectives constituting the rationale for Federal involvement. Federal mass transit assistance will have to be considered in relationship to other categories of local infrastructure. Also to be considered is the relations of private and public sector roles evolving and the potential for more private participation. Congress must also look at the outlook for state and local agencies to finance the current or some alternative level of transit assistance. KW - Federal government KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207159 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390704 AU - Advanced Marine Systems Associates, Incorporated AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A GUIDE FOR IMPLEMENTING HIGH SPEED WATERBORNE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1984/09 SP - v.p. AB - This guide is designed as a technical report for potential High Speed Waterborne (HSW) service operators, craft builders, and investors. It is intended to assist in the key tasks required to assess the feasibility of and implement HSW service. These tasks include market analysis; selecting HSW craft; fulfilling requlatory requirements; obtaining financing; and developing and implementing service. The disappointing record to date of implementing HSW service in the United States demonstrated the need for this guide. The guide draws on the lessons learned from these past attempts to start HSW service in the U.S. as well as on the experiences of many successful foreign HSW operators. It should be recognized that any compilation of data and methods for evaluation will have some limitations. Recognizing these limitations before initiating a feasibility evaluation will improve the overall accuracy of the results. Limitations can be placed in the following categories: vehicle characteristics that are continually being modified and improved; newly available and proven HSW vehicles will replace some of the HSW vehicles listed; regulatory decisions that may change from location to location and from time to time; and ridership that may be influenced by local, political, and economic considerations. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Catamarans KW - Ferries KW - Financing KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Hydrofoils KW - Market research KW - Regulations KW - Ridership KW - Surface effect ships KW - Vehicle characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208796 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391952 AU - Mayworm, P D AU - Lago, A M AU - Knapp, S F AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A MANUAL FOR PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING A FARE CHANGE PY - 1984/08/24 SP - 89 p. AB - Transit fare policy is determined by public bodies on the basis of their understanding of both the transit agency's needs and the general population's needs and preferences. This manual is designed to assist senior transit managers and transit board members in planning and implementing fare changes. The manual outlines the process that should be undertaken to ensure that the most efficient and equitable fare plans are submitted to policy-makers for approval. It is then up to the board members to use their political discretion in adopting a plan. This manual is divided into seven chapters reflecting the sequence of events that generally transpire when planning a fare change including; a description of the data that should be assembled and how they can be managed; a review of the fare options that are available to most transit agencies; a description of how to select the appropriate fare plan to meet the specific objectives of the transit agency; and a description of the steps that should be followed in implementing and evaluating a fare change. It is important to understand that this manual describes a process of fare evaluation and selection and not simply the mechanics of deciding how high the fare should be raised. The authors hope that these guidelines will provide managers and policy-makers with the backgroung and tools to assist them in designing fare changes that are efficient and equitable. KW - Data collection KW - Distance based fares KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Evaluation KW - Fares KW - Implementation KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Peak periods KW - Policy KW - Pricing KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Zone fares UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56462/manualforplanni0600unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207170 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462011 AU - Foerster, J AU - Kosinski, M AU - McKnight, C AU - Henle, T AU - CRNKOVICH, J AU - Department of Materials Engineering AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT: SUMMARY REPORT. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/08 SP - 94 p. AB - Regression analysis was used to develop models of the reliability and maintenance labor statistics reported by 111 U.S. transit systems. Eight bus systems were selected for intensive analysis on the basis of deviations from the expected pattern of performance. Detailed site visits were conducted to identify local factors which were responsible for the deviations from expected performance. Comparisons of the site visit case studies identified several factors which had significant effects on performance. These included tracking and periodic evaluation of maintenance outcomes, driver involvement in pre-run inspections, cooperative worker/manager relationships, and avoidance of excessively diverse fleets. A summary of productive management actions was constructed by synthesizing the approaches used at selected case study systems. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Inspection KW - Labor relations KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Models KW - Ost university research KW - Performance evaluations KW - Public transit KW - Regression analysis KW - Reliability KW - Statistics KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5602/812a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390708 AU - Bloch, A J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF OIL DEREGULATION ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1984/08 SP - 156 p. AB - This report reveals the impacts of oil deregulation on transit systems. Basically, it addresses the uncertainty which has been created in terms of diesel fuel price and supply during minor and moderate oil supply disruptions. It identifies six alternative methods of reducing this uncertainty for transit systems and then evaluates these alternatives against three separate lists of criteria involving the breadth, cost and institutional impacts of each. KW - Allocations KW - Cost allocation KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Federal government KW - Government policies KW - Policy KW - Procurement KW - Public transit KW - Service discontinuance KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206239 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455073 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DIESEL FUEL PURCHASING STRATEGIES. SEATTLE METRO FUELS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PY - 1984/08 SP - 29 p. AB - This manual was prepared by the energy staff of the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro) and designed to assist transit planners and purchasing agents seeking to minimize diesel fuel costs. Two reasons given why transit agencies should review their fuel purchasing strategies are: (1) diesel fuel constitutes the greatest non-labor expense item in agency budgets, i.e., diesel fuel accounts for 8 percent of operating budgets of agencies with more than 1,000 buses; 10 percent for agencies with 250-300 buses; and 13.4 percent for agencies with fewer than 25 buses; and 2) the petroleum market has dramatically changed in the last decade, namely--the emergency of the spot market, petroleum futures market, and the worldwide glut. The objectives of this report are to suggest strategies to improve transit agency diesel fuel purchasing practices, and to provide examples of transit agencies that have saved money by using innovative fuel purchasing practices. Four activities/strategies that transit agencies can do to reduce diesel fuel costs are suggested and detailed in this report: (1) redesign diesel fuel contracts (Chapter 2); 2) purchase fuel on the spot market (Chapter 3); 3) join fuel purchasing coops (Chapter 4); and 4) use futures market as a hedge against rising fuel prices (Chapter 5). However, before deciding which procurement strategy to pursue, the report suggests that transit managers should answer the following questions How much fuel do I use? How much storage do I have? What are my purchasing objectives? What is the local diesel market like? and What are the characteristics of local diesel consumers? KW - Contracts KW - Cooperatives KW - Cost control KW - Diesel fuels KW - Fuel prices KW - Fuels KW - Prices KW - Procurement KW - Purchasing KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 4 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268091 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472734 AU - Orski, C K AU - Urban Mobility Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVING URBAN MOBILITY THROUGH PUBLIC/PRIVATE COOPERATION. AN INTERPRETATIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORTATION PARTNERSHIPS, HELD IN DALLAS, TEXAS ON MARCH 15-16, 1984 PY - 1984/08 SP - 37 p. AB - Changing economic, demographic and fiscal conditions have triggered a reappraisal of the traditional ways in which mass transportation is managed, financed and provided. Public transportation is now being viewed as a market requiring different providers, sponsors and types of service whereby the private sector is once again being looked to as an alternative and/or partner to the government in responding to transportation needs. This report attempts to provide a better understanding of the private sector role and a clearer conception of the potential of private sector initiative for improving urban mobility. KW - Contracting KW - Cost sharing KW - Financing KW - Governments KW - Private enterprise KW - Public private partnerships KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281396 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451505 AU - Bladikas, A K AU - Crowell, W H AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRICING OPTIONS FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION MODES PY - 1984/08 SP - 164 p. AB - The principal comparison made in this report is between the single-fare approach versus a differential fare method that uses demand and cost information in the setting of appropriate fares. Using New York City's transportation system as the major example and consumer surplus as the measure of passenger welfare, the net benefit (revenues + consumer surplus) was shown to be greater for a peak/off-peak fare differential than for the flat fare approach. These results were found to be fairly insensitive to changes in fare elasticity of demand. In fact, as the report points out, the differential fare approach looked best when the gap between peak and off-peak elasticities and marginal cost values was greatest--a result that the basic theory of peak-load pricing would predict. This study was not as attempt to find an "optimal" or "welfare maximizing" set of fares, but rather to show which pricing options among those commonly offered were best according to this "net impact" measure. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Consumers KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - New York (New York) KW - Option KW - Ost university research KW - Peak fares KW - Pricing KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266701 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394506 AU - Ross, C L AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPERATIONS INSTITUTE: A MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR FOR WOMEN IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY. VOLUME I PY - 1984/08 SP - 32 p. AB - This report outlines the results of a one-week Institute designed to provide professional growth and enhancement for women currently employed in the transit industry. Georgia Institute of Technology joined with the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) to provide an overview of the transit operations side of the industry. The intent was to provide a reasonable representation of the range of functions which are needed and the skills and backgrounds women must claim in order to perform these functions. The Institute combined on-site tours, pre-tour briefings, panel discussions, lectures and a variety of experimental opportunities in an effort in an effort to respond to the needs of women for technical/operational training in the transit industry. The scope and thrust of the Institute was designed in part to help fill recently expressed needs in the transit industry for new managerial personnel and simultaneously to improve utilization of women throughout all levels of the industry. Issues that were addressed included major actual operations involvement, real and perceived problems regarding women in the field, real skills and experience requirements, and improved self-image for women regarding their own professional validity and their interactions with their peers, supervisors and subordinates. Extensive evaluations of various sessions were conducted and may be used to assist in the conduct of a similar effort. KW - Females KW - Management KW - Management development KW - Personnel KW - Personnel practices KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394507 AU - Ross, C L AU - University of Georgia, Experiment AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT OPERATIONS INSTITUTE: A MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT SEMINAR FOR WOMEN IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY. VOLUME II PY - 1984/08 SP - 123 p. AB - This report consists of selected materials from the notebook distributed to participants of the "Transit Operations Institute: A Management Development Seminar for Women in the Transit Industry", a one-week workshop designed to provide professional growth and enhancement for women currently employed in the transit industry. An in-depth report on the results of this Institute can be found in Volume I of this report. This volume, Volume II, consists primarily of handouts which served as the basis for discussion by technical personnel. The Georgia Institute of Technology joined with the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority to provide an overview of the transit operations side of the industry. The week-long Institute was held 6-10 February 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia. Its purpose was to increase the number of women prepared to assume positions of major responsibility within the industry. KW - Females KW - Management KW - Management development KW - Personnel KW - Personnel practices KW - Professional personnel KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212529 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393512 AU - Bullard, D L AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSIT OPERATIONS IN TEXAS CITIES PY - 1984/08 SP - 255 p. AB - This report is divided into 2 parts. Part I presents a set of generalized planning guidelines to assist transit properties in developing a transit performance monitoring system which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the services they provide. Included in the guidelines are sections detailing the following: 1) Potential uses of performance evaluation; 2) Establishment of goals and objectives; 3) A review of transit performance indicators; 4) Data needs; 5) Frequency of evaluation; and 6) Implementation of evaluative procedures. Part II of this report presents the results of a detailed evaluation of the effectiveness of the I-45 North Freeway contraflow lane in Houston, Texas. This evaluation addressed the following areas of concern: 1) Start up and operating cost; 2) Operation of the contraflow; 3) support facilities; 4) Ridership; 5) Enforcement and accidents; 6) Effect on traffic congestion, fuel consumption and air pollution; 7) Effect on modal split; and 8) User and nonuser attitudes toward priority treatment. In addition, a set of generalized planning guidelines for use in planning and implementing contraflow operations in other urban areas of Texas was developed based on North Freeway contraflow lane experience. KW - Bus lanes KW - Contraflow lanes KW - Data collection KW - Modal split KW - Operating costs KW - Park and ride KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Texas KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208221 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390706 AU - Advanced Marine Systems Associates, Incorporated AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EXISTING AND FORMER HIGH SPEED WATERBORNE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION OPERATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1984/08 SP - v.p. AB - This is one of seven reports written under this contract to describe high speed waterborne passenger transportation, review its applicability in the United States, and document its development in the free world. This report reviews the history of high speed waterborne passemger transportation in the United States. High speed is defined as operating at 25 knots or greater. A summary is included which outlines the principal causes of success or failure of the 19 U.S. operations in the report. Failure of high speed waterborne transportation as a public transit mode in the United States has usually been due to some combination of the following four factors: use of an unproven technology; use of only one boat; insufficient market research, resulting in the selection of routes with insufficient market potential: and insufficient capital. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Capital KW - Catamarans KW - Ferries KW - Gas turbines KW - Hydrofoils KW - Market research KW - Public transit KW - Recreational travel KW - Recreational trips KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Surface effect ships KW - Turbine engines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208798 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390693 AU - Technology Research and Analysis Corporation AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District TI - LOS ANGELES RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT. UNION STATION TO WILSHIRE/ALVARADO PY - 1984/08 SP - 105 p. AB - Because UMTA indicated that there would be insufficient federal funding for the entire 18.6-mile rapid transit line originally proposed, Southern California Rapid Transit District initiated this study of a 4-mile route with 5 stations extending from Los Angeles central business district to a terminal at Wilshire/Alvarado. This environmental assessment (EA) is required because the 4-mile line was not one of the alternatives included in in the earlier Final Environmental Impact Statement of December 1983, but is identical to the downtown portion of each of them. In this case the Wilshire/Alvarado station is a terminal unless the subway is subsequently extended as originally projected. Because most of the line has been previously evaluated in terms of land use, socioeconomic effects, historical preservation, air quality, noise, vibration, energy and construction activity impacts, the major attention here is on the terminus at Wilshire/Alvarado. KW - Air quality KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Historic preservation KW - Land use KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rapid transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206230 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390702 AU - Advanced Marine Systems Associates, Incorporated AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BIBLIOGRAPHY. HIGH SPEED WATERBORNE PASSENGER OPERATIONS AND CRAFT PY - 1984/08 SP - 135 p. AB - This is one of seven reports written under this contract to describe high speed waterborne passenger transportation, review its applicability in the United States, and document its development in the free world. This report presents a comprehensive listing of available literature (in English) on the subject of high speed waterborne passenger transportation. Each reference in the bibliography indicates the source of the document, and whether the document contains information in the following categories: vehicle characteristics (e.g., craft features, performance and human factors); design considerations; and economic/financial analysis of such services. Over 1,200 documents written prior to September 1982 are cited. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Bibliographies KW - Catamarans KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Economic analysis KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Human factors KW - Hydrofoils KW - Public transit KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390703 AU - Advanced Marine Systems Associates, Incorporated AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A REVIEW OF SELECTED HIGH SPEED WATERBORNE OPERATIONS WORLDWIDE PY - 1984/08 SP - v.p. AB - This is one of seven reports written under this contract to describe high speed waterborne passenger transportation, review its applicability in the United States, and document its development in the free world. This report describes high speed waterborne passenger transportation operations throughout the world. Information is presented on: ridership, the type, characteristics and number of craft used, operating conditions and characteristics, crew sites and wages, terminal facilities and maintenance procedures. The operators described were chosen because they exemplify the most frequently used types of craft and operating scenarios. Services are included that operate in Europe, South America, and the Far East. Not all existing operations are covered in this report due to time and budget limitations. KW - Air cushion vehicles KW - Catamarans KW - Ferries KW - High speed ground transportation KW - Hydrofoils KW - Intermodal terminals KW - International KW - Labor costs KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance standards KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Standards KW - Surface effect ships UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208795 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389887 AU - Weiss, J F AU - Travis, C T AU - Ligon, C M AU - AMAF Industries, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT STUDY PY - 1984/08 SP - 66 p. AB - Public transit agencies have begun to examine their maintenance operations with an eye toward increased productivity. Supplementing their bus maintenance staff with newer and more efficient equipment is one way to contain future cost growth. But which equipment and how much will it save? The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (MTA) structured this bus maintenance equipment project to answer these questions, assisting transit agencies in their productivity assessments. This final report draws together essential ingredients from the public and private transportation sectors and constructs cost-benefit analyses of selected bus maintenance items. The result is a glimpse of the overall bus maintenance picture, a list of specific maintenance equipment improvements applicable to most transit agencies, and a detailed examination of the costs and benefits associated with a selected number of high priority maintenance items. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus design KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Contracting KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Planning KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Productivity KW - Quality control KW - Testing KW - Tools KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205775 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462035 AU - Theobald, P M AU - Beltran, C M AU - Villanueva, G D AU - Comprehensive Technologies International, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SURVEY OF BUS MAINTENANCE FACILITY PROBLEMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/07 SP - v.p. AB - This document presents the findings of a survey of operational and maintenance problems encountered by recently constructed bus maintenance facilities. Problems encountered, improvements made or recommended to resolve operational and maintenance problems, and positive design features are documented. Background information on the eight facilities surveyed is provided to establish the context of the findings for each individual facility. Conclusions and recommendations point to new efforts required to assist in resolving operational and maintenance problems encountered by bus maintenance facilities. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operation and maintenance KW - Problem solving KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275659 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392831 AU - Cutler, M R AU - Cabrera, A AU - Monahan, P A AU - Harmon, L J AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS FOR PARATRANSIT PY - 1984/07 SP - 181 p. AB - This report is a User Manual for the application of commercially available software products to paratransit management. An extensive case study, using the microcomputer database manage, R:base 4000, is documented. It discusses the manual recordkeeping and operational demands placed on paratransit agencies and how these functions can theoretically be automated. It then describes in deatil the automation of specific functions including scheduling; client and vehicle recordkeeping; and report generation for billing and performance measurement. Other opinions are discussed more generally. Data from an actual paratransit operation are used to perform all data processing functions. The focus is on the use of relational database management software. Spreadsheet, word processing and graphics applications are also discussed. Information is provided on how to select software and on how to customize generic software products for specific applications. KW - Automation KW - Billing KW - Computer programs KW - Guidelines KW - Manuals KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Performance evaluations KW - Scheduling KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394526 AU - Montachusett Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIVE YEAR FINANCIAL FORECAST FOR THE MONTACHUSETT REGIONAL TRANSIT AUTHORITY PY - 1984/07 SP - 15 p. AB - The main purpose of this study is to develop a five-year (1984-1988) financial plan for the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART) so as to reduce operational deficits and dependence on Federal aid through increased user fees and operational efficiency. Transit operations include bus service, paratransit, and commuter rail service. This study reviews and charts past and present expense and revenue trends. Operating and construction budgets are emphasized and charted out to the year 1988. This financial plan indicates that: 1) future transit improvements will continue to demand a growing portion of state and local government budgets; and 2) MART's move toward greater financial and operational efficiency will be enhanced by the new computerized management information system where accounting and management data will be brought together and used in the decisionmaking process. KW - Budgeting KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Forecasting KW - Local government KW - Management information systems KW - Massachusetts KW - Paratransit services KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Regional planning KW - Small cities KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212543 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394436 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED. VOLUME 4: TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PY - 1984/07 SP - 143 p. AB - Passage of Chapter 427 F.S. set in motion a state level effort to bring about a major structural change in the provision of transportation services to the transportation disadvantaged persons in Florida. The creation of the Coordinating Council on the Transportation Disadvantaged (CCTD) in 1979 established a statewide policy and program to coordinate specialized transportation services. This 5-volume study discusses the first Statewide Five-Year Transit and Paratransit Development Plan and Transportation Improvement Program for the transportation disadvantaged in Florida. Volume 4: Transportation Improvement Program, provides a summary of the current status of transportation disadvantaged services, forecasts the travel needs of the state's transportation disadvantaged persons. KW - Aged KW - Florida KW - Level of service KW - Persons with disabilities KW - State government KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394437 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED. VOLUME 5: PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PY - 1984/07 SP - n.p. AB - Passage of Chapter 427 F.S. set in motion a state level effort to bring about a major structural change in the provision of transportation services to the transportation disadvantaged persons in Forida. The creation of the Coordinating council on the Transportation Disadvantaged (CCTD) in 1979 established a statewide policy and program to coordinate specialized transportation services. This 5-volume study discusses the first Statewide Five-Year Transit and Paratransit Development Plan and Transportation Improvement Program for the transportation disadvantaged in Florida. Volume 5: Program Development, discusses the policy issues associated with the continued development of the transportation disadvantaged program, as well as program guidance in the near future. It is reported that such coordinated services and funds will result ultimately in lower overall costs and more effective service for more persons. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Florida KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Policy making KW - Social service agencies KW - State government KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395233 AU - Freese, D L AU - California Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTING TRANSIT PERFORMANCE AUDITS PY - 1984/07 SP - 90 p. AB - Since July 1, 1980 and triennially thereafter, all California transportation planning agencies, county transportation commissions, transit development bords, and transit operators that receive Transportation Development Act (TDA) funds are required to have performance audits conducted of their activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the first triennial cycle (FY 1979/80, 1980/81, and 1981/82) of the TDA transit performance audit program. The program was designed to minimize operational deficits, to evalute the efficiency of the system and the adequacy of fiscal and management audit requirements of all TDA funds expended. Operational and financial data from 20 public transit systems were analyzed for efficiciency, effectiveness, and economy of operational performance. Evaluation of program management resulted from personal interviews with transportation representatives, review of performance audit reports, planning documents, and transportation grant fund applications for each transit system in the sample and their Transportation Planning Agencies. This report provides the findings for both management and operations as well as recommendations for improvements. The report concludes that implementation of transit performance audits is beneficial to the public transportation industry and that the true value gained comes not from the data produced but from the procedures that force all transportation systems to think and act in a more business-like manner. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Auditing KW - California KW - Management KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213036 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394479 AU - National Transit Services AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SECTION 15 PROCEDURAL MANUAL FOR THE BLOOMINGTON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION CORPORATION PY - 1984/07 SP - 195 p. AB - Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, establishes the requirements for a reporting system that accumulates and reports public mass transportation financial and operating information by uniform categories, and a uniform system of accounts and records. To accomplish this task, UMTA developed the Urban Mass Transportation Industry Uniform System of Accounts and Records and Reporting System. The purpose of this report is to decipher and clarify the reporting requirements (including recent revisions); determine how they pertain to the Bloomington Public Transportation Corporation (BPTC); ascertain if any of the existing data sources and reports can be used as input, create new forms and data collection procedures to acquire new data as appropriate; establish the methodology for reconciling the Section 15 report with the City of Bloomington's financial records; and guide the BPTC staff step by step through the complete process. The report is presented in eight chapters and covers all of the major issues that apply to the specific requirements of the BPTC. In summary, this report summarizes the procedures to be followed by the BPTC in order to meet that system's need to submit financial and operating data to UMTA, pursuant to Section 15 of the UMT Act of 1964, as amended. KW - Accounting KW - Data collection KW - Indiana KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 15 KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212507 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394433 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED. VOLUME 1: PROGRAM PERSPECTIVE PY - 1984/07 SP - 20 p. AB - Passage of Chapter 427 F.S. set in motion a state level effort to bring about a major structural change in the provision of transportation services to the transportation disadvantaged persons in Florida. The creation of the Coordinating Council on the Transportation Disadvantaged (CCTD) in 1979 established a statewide policy and program to coordinate specialized transportation services. This 5-volume study discusses the first Statewide Five-Year Transit and Paratransit Development Plan and Transportation Improvement Program for the transportation disadvantaged in Florida. Volume 1: Program Perspectives, provides a perspective on the origins of the legislation, the activities and accomplishments to date, and the anticipated direction of future program initiatives. KW - Aged KW - Florida KW - Forecasting KW - Legislation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - State government KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394435 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED. VOLUME 3: FUNDING SOURCES AND AVAILABILITY PY - 1984/07 SP - 25 p. AB - Passage of Chapter 427 F.S. set in motion a state level effort to bring about a major structural change in the provision of transportation services to the transportation disadvantaged persons in Florida. The creation of the Coordinating Council on the Transportation Disadvantaged (CCTF) in 1979 established a statewide policy and program to coordinate specialized transportation services. This 5-volume study discusses the first Statewide Five-Year Transit and Paratransit Development Plan and Transportation Improvement Program for the transportation disadvantaged in Florida. Volume 3: Funding Sources and Availability, identifies the sources of funds for supporting transportation services for disadvantaged persons and examines the availability of funds from these sources through FY 1988. KW - Aged KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Florida KW - Forecasting KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395214 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC DOMAIN TRANSIT OPERATIONS SOFTWARE PY - 1984/07 SP - n.p. AB - A series of microcomputer software packages for transit applications is described. These computer programs are designed for small transit properties not generally addressed by commercial products and are available at no cost from Transportation Systems Center. The 11 programs include: Chapel Hill Scheduler; Fare and Route Analysis Computer Aided System (FRACAS); Transit Operations Planning Model (TOP); Service Performance Monitoring Package; Transit Information Manager; Statistical Sampling Programs; Budget Calculator; Driver/Extraboard Model; Screen Manager; FORMAT DOC; and 1981 Section 15 Report on Microcomputer Diskettes. KW - Bus routes KW - Computer programs KW - Extraboards KW - Management information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Pricing KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215920 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394505 AU - Wyatt, E AU - Smerk, G AU - Institute for Urban Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSIT: A SOFTWARE HANDBOOK PY - 1984/07 SP - 203 p. AB - This handbook introduces management and staff of small to medium sized transit agencies to the use of microcomputers in transit operations. It describes the types of computer programs of use in this industry, and documents applictions of some common ones. The handbook is in two parts. Part I describes a process for identifying appropriate use of microcomputers, and introduces the various types of computer programs. Chapter 1 introduces the components of the microcomputer system. Chapter 2 outlines a process for identifying worthwhile and feasible uses of a microcomputer in the agency by reviewing the various tasks which are candidates for automation. The following 5 chapters introduce different types of programs by describing their use and things to look for in selecting a program. Chapter 3 discusses generic software, including spreadsheets, database managers and word processors. Chapter 4 describes application sooftware programs written to accomplish a particular task in the transit industry. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 concern operating systems, programming languages and utility programs respectively. Finally, Chapter 8 discusses some considerations in introducing a microcomputer into the agency. Part II documents applications of generic programs, primarily spreadsheets, in the transit industry. Each application is illustrated, and documented with notes permitting reconstruction of the application by new users. KW - Computer programs KW - Handbooks KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Software KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394434 AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLORIDA STATEWIDE FIVE-YEAR TRANSIT AND PARATRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED. VOLUME 2: SUMMARY OF TRANSPORTATION DISADVANTAGED SERVICES PY - 1984/07 SP - 393 p. AB - Passage of Chapter 427 F.S. set in motion a state level effort to bring about a major structural change in the provision of transportation services to the transportation disadvantaged persons in Florida. The creation of the Coordinating Council on the Transportation Disadvantage (CCTD) in 1979 established a statewide policy and program to coordinate specialized transportation services. This 5-volume study discusses the first Statewide Five-Year Transit and Paratransit Development Plan and Transportation Improvement Program for the transportation disadvantaged in Florida. Volume 2: Summary of Transportation Disadvantaged Services, is a compilation and summary of the best available information respecting transportation disadvantage services in each of Florida's 67 counties. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Data collection KW - Florida KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - State government KW - Surveys KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389884 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ADVISORY SEMINAR, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN PY - 1984/07 SP - 15 p. AB - The UMTA Technical Assistance Advisory Seminar was held in Ann Arbor, MI, September 13-14, 1983, bringing together over 50 transportation professionals to discuss composition and direction of UMTA Technical Assistance Programs. There was some consensus on UMTA program direction. (1) Emphasize technology transfer with recommendation that UMTA aim at enhancing the process. (2) Concentrate on near-term solutions to needs defined by the transit industry with more guidance to the ultimate users of technical assistance. (3) Give more attention to training and techniques which can improve the management of transit, stressing soft-side technologies. (4) Undertake fewer, but bigger programs with research efforts more sharply focused on carefully selected priority areas. (5) Encourage public/private cooperation among service providers with UMTA finding ways to involve private providers in the federally mandated planning process, encourage cooperation between public and private sectors and resolve labor issues. (6) Continue support for research and development performed by the private sector since the limited market provided by transit provides limited opportunity for amortizing private R&D costs. KW - Development KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Strategic planning KW - Technology transfer KW - Training KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56632/umtatechnicalass00unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389398 AU - Daley, D M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HEAVY RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY 1983 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1984/07 SP - 30 p. AB - The Heavy Rail Transit Safety 1983 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of heavy rail transit accident and casualty statistics reported by the eleven heavy rail transit systems in the United States during 1983, under UMTA's Safety Information Reporting and Analysis System (SIRAS). KW - Annual KW - Crash investigation KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Fatalities KW - Fires KW - Grade crossing accidents KW - Injuries KW - Railroad grade crossings KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Safety and security KW - Statistics KW - Traffic crashes KW - Transportation safety KW - Urban transit KW - Urban/mass UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205459 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452525 AU - Bridgman, M S AU - McInerney, S R AU - Judnick, W E AU - Artson, M AU - Fowler, B AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF DETERMINING ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEW BUSES AND REHAB BUSES PY - 1984/06/29 SP - 41 p. AB - In establishing principles for UMTA funding of bus rehabilitation, it became evident that there was a lack of operating and maintenance (O&M) costs for new and rebuilt vehicles. Because wide variance exists in bus service life, O&M costs and costs of rehabilitation, it became evident that new and rehab buses must be differentiated on the basis of economics. Three activities were involved: Survey of available data from transit systems; sensitivity analysis; and investigation of statistical issues. While it was found that 37 systems had rehab buses, many were only taking delivery or had relatively brief experience with them. Of 24 with at least 6 months of rehab operation, only 12 seemed to have sufficient data and, of these, four were chosen as appropriate for 3 to 5 years of data acquisition. Monte Carlo simulation was used to integrate effects of multiple variance on per-mile costs. Results indicated a field study to produce statistically significant economic differentiation of new and rehab buses is not feasible because of uncertainties associated with bus service life and O&M costs. Significant results might be obtained by a detailed, long-term field study involving about 25 systems each using up to 30 buses each of new and rehab configuration over a period of 3 years. A short-term field study using available data at transit systems could provide significant insights into the cost-effectiveness of rehab buses, even though statistical significance is not obtainable. KW - Buses KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Cycles KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Economic analysis KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Procurement KW - Rehabilitation KW - Statistical analysis UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/267443 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451478 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN TRANSIT. OPENING REMARKS OF ALFRED DELLIBOVI PY - 1984/06/21 SP - p. 11-12 AB - Public sector monopolies of transit systems must be redirected to include private sector involvement. Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) must refocus their efforts on such areas as planning for cost-effective capital projects, short-term planning to increase effectiveness and efficiency of transit operations, and management and planning to improve participation by the private sector. The private sector must become aware that MPOs serve as liaison between the public sector and the business community. Since public and private sectors must interact early in the planning process, the financial participation of the private sector is invaluable in major transit projects. This sort of involvement provides added revenue, reduces the need for transit subsidies, enhances ridership, and improves service quality. Among components of UMTA's policy on participation in mass transit programs by private enterprise are the following: (1) ensuring that private operators are given an opportunity to provide an increasing share of the transportation services that receive federal assistance; (2) streamlining the entire planning process; (3) stressing early and meaningful participation by the private sector; (4) encouraging the provision of unsubsidized services in the free market; (5) making rules that will focus on private sector resources and capabilities in providing services as well as financing major capital projects; (6) supporting major urban mass transportation investments, and (7) making cost-effective funding decisions on new starts, paying close attention to alternatives and anlalysis and the degree of stable, dependable nonfederal sources to keep systems working. The new policy will also help guide the allocation and apportionment of funds available through the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Fund allocations KW - Governments KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Private enterprise KW - Transportation KW - Transportation systems KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389362 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - MacDorman (LC) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATOR AVAILABILITY MANAGEMENT METHODS PY - 1984/06 SP - v.p. AB - Management of operator availability represents a collection of procedures and information used to maintain cost-effective staffing levels. It addresses only the mechanics of matching operator supply with demand, aiming to minimize that component of operating costs. As transit managers seek to increase productivity, the task of achieving a cost effective driver inventory cuts across organizational lines and demands effective planning, coordination and control. This report describes procedures and techniques that promote a greater understanding of the dynamics of operator availability management by describing techniques employed by three U.S. transit systems which have proven effective. Two basic controls are required: Informational--collection and abstraction of data for management purposes, and organizational--coordination of different functions reporting to different managers. Typically six organizational units have some impact on the process: Service planning, scheduling, transportation administration, transportation divisions, transportation instruction and personnel. Case studies show controls developed in Seattle, Minneapolis/St. Paul and Albany, N.Y. KW - Absenteeism KW - Albany (New York) KW - Bus drivers KW - Case studies KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Management systems KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Operating costs KW - Part time employees KW - Personnel KW - Personnel practices KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Scheduling KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Transit operators KW - Work rules UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56491/operatoravailab8423booz_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208753 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396408 AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ESTIMATING THE COST OF WORK RULE CHANGES IN TRANSIT PY - 1984/06 SP - 140 p. AB - In this report, new ways to improve productivity focuses on the cost of work rules in the union cantract. The objectives of this study are: 1) to install and calibrate a mathematical model for analyzing the cost implications of work rule changes for labor negotiations; and 2) to test and verify that the model predictions are valide and accurate. This report examines the feasibility of using computer modeling techniques to accurately and rapidly predict the impact of work rule changes on operating cost. A new tool for estimating the cost of work rule changes--HASTUS--was subjected to in-depth testing and evaluation. The Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) served as a case study for the application and demonstration of HASTUS. HASTUS, the mathematical model installed at SCRTD and developed at the University of Montreal, uses linear programming techniques (detailed description of model in Chapter 4 and mathematical formula in Appendix A). In 1981, HASTUS was awarded distinction as "the outstanding operations research application of the year" by the Canadian Operations Research Society. The experience gained in this study suggests that HASTUS is a promising and effective tool for estimating costs of proposed work rule changes. HASTUS's features of speed, flexibility, user ease and low cost suggest that the model can be effectively used to evaluate the numerous combinations of potential work rule changes for labor negotiations. Two other unanticipated uses of HASTUS were identified: a goal for the relative efficiency of each runcut, and a preprocessor for runcutting to provide the runcutter a strategy for efficient runcutting. KW - Collective bargaining KW - Linear programming KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Productivity KW - Run cutting KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Work rules UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56393/estimatingcosto8448atem_0.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7022/910.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213981 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389888 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LISTS: TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN LANCASTER, PA PY - 1984/06 SP - 136 p. AB - The Lancaster Integrated Specialized Transportation System (LISTS) is a transportation broker serving Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. The system was initiated in 1977 and matches the resources of private, specialized transportation providers with the transportation requests of human service agencies. LISTS also arranges specialized transportation for the local transit authority and for a state-funded transportation program for the elderly that serves the entire county. The LISTS system serves a coordinating function only and operates no vehicles of its own. All of its transportation costs are funded by the agencies and programs sponsoring transportation. LISTS' administrative costs are reimbursed primarily through a community development block grant from the Redevelopment Authority of Lancaster and a 4 percent surcharge paid by transportation clients. LISTS' total administrative expenses for fiscal year 1981-82 were $66,917, and average monthly administrative costs were 15.6 percent of total costs. LISTS has developed a competitive environment within which it contracts with service providers. Such competition has enabled LISTS to hold real transportation costs at a low level. In 1977 dollars, the average cost per trip was $1.24 in 1979 and $1.27 in 1981-82. Over 40 human service agencies are affiliated with LISTS, although many use the service infrequently. LISTS' monthly ridership has averaged between 14,000 and 15,000 since 1979. Agencies not affiliated with LISTS tend to have limited transportation needs or have volunteer help and donated vehicles available. The broker's primary limitation has been its difficulty in servicing trips by rural, non-ambulatory residents. Despite this limitation, LISTS has proven to be an effective model for providing low-cost, specialized transportation service in an area with a large rural population. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Coordination KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Pennsylvania KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Social service agencies KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205776 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395245 AU - McKnight, C E AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. VOLUME 6: PIERCE TRANSIT: BUS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY PY - 1984/06 SP - n.p. AB - This report presents one of eight case studies developed during an 18-month study of bus maintenance management and performance in U.S. transit systems. The information provided in this report is based on personal interviews, questionnaires, personal observations and agency records. Details about the procedures used in developing this case are included in a separate report entitled: Transit Bus Maintenance Management: Volume 1: Summary Report UMTA-IL-11-0030-84-1). Volume 1 also contains a discussion of the methods used to select case sites and a comparison of the properties studied. This report, Volume 6, is a case study of transit bus maintenance management and performance at Pierce Transit, located in Tacoma, Washington. The study covers the general background of the transit system; description of its fleet and garages; maintenance policy and the formation of policy; use of performance measures; maintenance reliability; the inventory and procurement process; hiring, promotion, and training of maintenance personnel; and the union/management relationship. This is one of eight similar case studies. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Labor relations KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Personnel management KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394218 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER-SIDE SUBSIDIES FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED IN LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS PY - 1984/06 SP - 218 p. AB - Funding provided by the Service and Methods Demonstration (SMD) Program of the U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, was used to subsidize the bus, taxicab, and wheelchair lift-equipped van travel of elderly and handicapped residents of Lawrence, Massachusetts, in a program that began in July 1978. Eligible persons registering for the program could buy tickets that allowed them to make a cab journey at half the normal fare, or to ride the bus for one cent instead of the fifteen-cent fare paid by elderly non-participants in the program. Most of the subsidized lift-equipped van rides cost participants $2.50, one-third of the price billed by the service provider. The program produced positive outcomes for the people registering for it as well as for the taxi industry. Project use grew steadily from the outset and resulted in modest increases in mobility for the registrants, who tended to come from the most mobility-disadvantaged segments of the eligible population. The taxicab element of the program was continued under local sponsorship after the termination of demonstration funding. The lift-equipped van element was terminated during the demonstration by the withdrawal of the single service provider, but was reinstated in the post-demonstration phase under local sponsorship. The bus element of the program was not continued beyond the cessation of federal funding, largely because of administrative and institutional considerations. KW - Aged KW - Bus transportation KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Taxicabs KW - User side subsidies KW - Vans KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394481 AU - Minkoff, M C AU - North Central Texas Council of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARK-AND-RIDE ALTERNATIVES STUDY. TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES 38 PY - 1984/06 SP - 87 p. AB - In an effort to find more flexible ways of delivering commuter transit services at a reasonable cost, the Park-And-Ride Alternatives Study examines private sector strategies that a city or transit agency could consider in providing park-and-ride commuter bus service. This report documents the study findings and serves as a handbook for transit agencies and municipalities in the region which are interested in pursuing private sector park-and-ride service options. An overview of park-and-ride services, private sector service delivery options, cost comparisons, and potential constrints are discussed. In addition, implementation information and a survey of local private sector interest and capability are presented. The study concludes that private sector strategies merit consideration in the provision of park-and-ride commuter bus service, especially, if service must be provided within a short lead time; if service must be started from scratch with the lowest possible financial risk; or if a city or transit agency requires an expansion of service without increasing fleet size or maintenance capabilities. The author maintains that the choice of a private sector approach (and cost level) should be made in light of the specific city or transit agency's needs. The appendices in this report are: 1) Sample Request for Proposals and Companion Contract for Commuter Bus Service; 2) Private Commuter Bus Operations Qualifications Questionnaire; and 3) a List of References. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Commuter buses KW - Contracting KW - Handbooks KW - Park and ride KW - Private enterprise KW - Subscription bus service KW - Transit buses KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212509 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394441 AU - Multiplications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USE OF MICROCOMPUTERS AT NORTH COUNTY TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1984/06 SP - 40 p. AB - Small transit systems, in particular, have been attracted by the relatively low cost of microprocessors and the increasing ease in introducing their use into their organizations. This trip report documents technical assistance provided for North County transit district (NCTD) in Oceanside, California, under the UMTA/APTA Productivity Initiatives Program. NCTD has an in-house Texas Instruments 990/12 minicomputer which it uses for financial, payroll, vehicle maintenance, and scheduling functions. All systems are in production use, but there are both changes and enhancements to these functions which NCTD staff would like to see added in each of these areas, and there are other candidate areas in which NCTD would like to use a computer. Staff members listed and described candidate application areas. An independent consultant, asked to consider how NCTD should proceed to implement additional computer applications, recommended that microcomputers be considered for additional areas. The purpose of this technical assistance and report is to discuss each of these application areas, to recommend how each might be implemented, and to outline the configuration of computer hardware and software which would best serve NCTD's requirements. The results of the NCTD technical assistance effort are documented in this report and may be of interest to other bus systems. KW - Implementation KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Small cities KW - Software KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395244 AU - McKnight, C E AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT BUS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT. VOLUME 5: MADISON METRO TRANSIT SYSTEM: BUS MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY PY - 1984/06 SP - n.p. AB - This report presents one of eight case studies developed during an 18-month study of bus maintenance management and performance in U.S. transit systems. The information provided in this report is based on personal interviews, questionnaires, personal observations, reports by ATE Management and Service Corporation, newspaper articles and agency records. This report presents a case study of transit bus maintenance management and performance at the Madison Metro Transit System located in Madison, Wisconsin. The study covers the general background of the transit system; descriptions of its fleet and garages; maintenance policy and the formation of policy; use of performance and procurement process; hiring, promotion and training of maintenance employees and union/management relationship. The eight case systems are compared and analyzed in a separate report entitled: Transit Bus Maintenance Management: Volume 1: Summary Report. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Labor relations KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Maintenance practices KW - Personnel management KW - Training KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215926 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394470 AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW-COST TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1984/06 SP - 73 p. AB - After the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) purchased 4 private bus companies in 1979-1980, it set out to provide high quality service by upgrading and expanding the bus fleet, improving coverage and headways, and unifying services and maintenance (Phases 1 and 2 Service Improvements). Then GBTD focused on developing low-cost techniques for increasing ridership. The objective of this study is to develop low-cost strategies that would divert auto trips to mass transit. Two major areas are addressed: 1) marketing and public relations, and 2) service monitoring. A literature search for low-cost techniques already in use by other transit operators identified 13 marketing and public relations techniques and 1 service monitoring technique. Criteria for evaluating resources necessary to implement the proposed techniques and the implementation of them are also discussed. The final chapter of this report discusses the service monitoring set of techniques under the heading of The Operations/Planning Interface Program. This program discusses the means by which the Planning Staff receives qualitative data about GBTD services, namely: the Operators Committee, the Operator Suggestion Program, the Operator "Ride-Along" Program, and the Customer Communications Procedure. In addition, two other public information techniques are discussed--Operator Information Cards, and Operator Information Booklets. Both the Marketing and Public Relations techniques and the Service Monitoring techniques met various levels of success. The most successful, according to the authors, was the Operator Suggestion Program. KW - Connecticut KW - Marketing KW - Monitoring KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Public relations KW - Quality of service KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212500 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392841 AU - Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Comm AU - K-Trans AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE FINANCING TECHNIQUES. KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE'S EXPERIENCE PY - 1984/06 SP - 136 p. AB - The 1980's continue to be a period of turmoil for public transportation as transit systems around the country attempt to cope with shrinking federal subsidies, escalating costs, and continued demands for service. Municipalities nationwide are investigating alternative funding strategies in an attempt to replace federal dollars, and the City of Knoxville is no exception. In this report, a joint effort of the Knoxville-Knox County Metropolitan Planning Commission and K-TRANS, funding enhancement options are examined for applicability to the Knoxville public transportation situation. The report begins with an analysis of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 and the Act's impact on local transit funding. Chapter Three presents an overview of funding strategies used by transit systems in cities around the United States, and the following chapter narrows the focus to identifiable options appropriate for use in the Knoxville environment. A set criteria has been developed that includes legal feasibility, political feasibility, social equity, and revenue generation. Each funding alternative has been evaluated using this set of criteria, and a determination was made concerning the most appropriate revenue enhancement strategy for K-TRANS at this time. While mechanisms for funding capital projects are included, the emphasis of this report is on operating funding since this is the area of greatest concern in Knoxville. The results of survey research conducted to ascertain public willingness to be taxed to support local transit are evaluated in Chapter Five. KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Knoxville (Tennessee) KW - Local government KW - Politics KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56396/evaluationofinn8445knox_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207827 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392925 AU - Rocha, O de la AU - Brenner, M E AU - Fielding, G J AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IRVINE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD: AN INSTRUCTIONAL MANUAL FOR USE IN CONDUCTING INTERNAL EVALUATIONS OF TRANSIT PERFORMANCE PY - 1984/06 SP - 245 p. AB - The purpose of this manual is to provide a diagnostic tool for reviewing the overall performance of fixed-route motor bus operations in both single and multimodal systems. It describes and demonstrates a comprehensive set of steps and suggestions for conducting performance evaluations. A set of seven performance indicators, selected in earlier research, is used to measure key areas while peer groups permit comparative analysis. The manual is a self-contained system for performance evaluation. It presumes transit experience, but no knowledge of data management or statistics. It is both a training and a reference manual. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Manuals KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Productivity KW - Statistical analysis KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390700 AU - Wormley, D N AU - Hedrick, J K AU - Nagurka, M L AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLE DYNAMIC CURVING PERFORMANCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/06 SP - 232 p. AB - An analytical model is developed for determining the dynamic curving performance of rail transit vehicles. The dynamic wheel/rail interaction forces, vehicle suspension and body motions and track displacement are computed, as well as wheel and rail wear indices. The model incorporates a nonlinear, multi-point contact wheel/rail geometry characterization and is directly applicable to conventional, self-steered radial and forced steered (linkages between the carbody-bolster-wheelsets) truck configurations. A limited set of parametric studies are conducted in which dynamic forces and wear indices for conventional, radial and forced steered tracks are determined for new AAR and Heumann wheel profiles. Available experimental dynamic curving field test data is reviewed in the context of the model. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Mathematical models KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Tire treads KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design KW - Wear KW - Wheel tread damage KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206235 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390696 AU - Nelson, P N AU - O'ROURKE, T D AU - Flanagan, R F AU - Kulhawy, F H AU - Ingraffea, A R AU - Goldberg-Zoino & Associates, Inc. AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TUNNEL BORING MACHINE PERFORMANCE STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/06 SP - 448 p. AB - Full face tunnel boring machine "TBM" performance during the excavation of 6 tunnels in sedimentary rock is considered in terms of utilization, penetration rates and cutter wear. The construction records are analyzed and the results are used to investigate 21 downtime classes. Recommendations are made for modifications in excavation system design. Correlations between rock index properties and penetration rates are achieved when maximum TBM thrust and torque are developed. It is shown that the predicting capabilities of index tests are significantly improved when the penetration rate is normalized with respect to thrust. The interrelationship of penetration thrust and rolling forces is analyzed with a 3-dimensional model which provides a rational basis for explaining variations in cutter forces and penetration rates as a function of rock type. Rock abrasiveness is shown to be a useful parameter to predict rates of cutter abrasion wear. A fracture mechanics approach to the process of the cutting tool-chip formation is proposed as an empirical prediction of TBM performance. Seismic records of TBM's are presented in terms of peak velocity, frequency and attenuation rates. The technical and non-technical aspects of TBM planning activites are discussed. Use of 4 TBM's on a major transit project is presented as a case history for TBM planning. Recommendations are made for future work and observation records required for future performance evaluations are summarized. KW - Case studies KW - Fracture mechanics KW - Mathematical models KW - Project analysis KW - Project management KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Soil penetration test KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389380 AU - Loukissas, P J AU - Mann, S H AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DOWNTOWN AUTO-RESTRICTED PROJECTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/06 SP - 223 p. AB - In 1975 UMTA's Office of Service and Methods Demonstration launched a demonstration program of Auto Restricted Zones (ARZs) which went beyond the traditional scope of linear pedestrian malls. ARZs involve auto restriction in a large geographic area with integration of a transit component. This study's goal is to evaluate the implementation process of the ARZ demonstration program. Other Central Business District (CBD) revitalization alternatives to ARZs were examined. A mail survey was conducted to solicit information from city planning department directors in the 112 central cities of the U.S. Survey items were directed to the period since 1975 and addressed several issues: CBD problems, CBD revitalization projects, and implementation problems and lessons associated with these projects. From the responses, CBD projects were grouped into three categories: Public, private, and joint public/private projects. ARZs accounted for 10 percent of all 166 reported projects. One-fifth of all projects were private developments, the remainder represented public and private collaboration. Further study was made of specific projects. The study confirmed two views about planning and the planner's role: Policy is not just drawn up and implemented but must be continually adapted during negotiations, and planners are quite successful in combatting planning problems but have problems confronting support problems. Support problems consist primarily of instigating support and coordinating participants. The skills of negotiation and coordination are essential in dealing with the private sector, indicating that a redefinition of the role of public planning is in order. The planner can play an important role as a mediator in maintaining consensus and in resolving disagreements that threaten implementation. KW - Automobile restricted zones KW - Central business districts KW - Data collection KW - Government planning KW - Governments KW - Guidelines KW - Planning KW - Private enterprise KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Redevelopment KW - Revitalization KW - Surveys KW - Urban renewal UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5575/762a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205450 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389404 AU - Pucher, J AU - Brail, R AU - Rutgers University, New Brunswick TI - MANAGING TRANSIT'S FISCAL CRISIS BY RATIONALIZING SERVICE POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF NEW JERSEY TRANSIT. PY - 1984/06 SP - 110 p. AB - The objective of this report is to analyze the potential for improving transit system performance by rationalizing service allocation policy. It is hypothesized that redistribution of service from underutilized or very unprofitable portions of a system to better utilized and less unprofitable portions would significantly raise overall system effectiveness. To test this hypothesis and to measure the extent of improvement that can be expected from service reallocation, New Jersey Transit Corporation was selected as a case study. Two different types of simulation models were developed for the mechanism of reallocation. Five alternative performance criteria and four different elasticity assumptions were used in the study. By incorporating a wide range of choices for these crucial inputs into the model, we were able to analyze the robustness of the results. The route-by-route service reallocation simulated in the model did indeed lead to improvement in overall system performance, although not as dramatic as had been expected. The most favorable combination of elasticity and performance criterion yielded hypothetical ridership increases of 24% for bus and 6% for rail (holding subsidy constant). Values on a range of performance indicators also increased. The degree of service reallocation was significant, with some lines receiving 149% increases in service, while others were cut by two-thirds. KW - Bus routes KW - Level of service KW - Mathematical models KW - Microcomputers KW - New Jersey Transit KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Service discontinuance KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205464 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389384 AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMBUS: REGIONAL EMPLOYMENT CENTER BUS SERVICE PY - 1984/06 SP - 94 p. AB - To avoid building-up a peak-oriented system by taking on additional commuter runs, and because financial constraints prevented the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) from subsidizing new commuter service, GBTD set out in this COMBUS project to explore the potential role of private bus operators in commuter transportation. Basically, the purpose of this study is to examine whether a privately operated commuter bus service could be self-supporting. The objectives of the study were: 1) to examine private operator interest in providing commuter service; 2) to examine the feasibility of a self-supporting commuter service; 3) to develop components of start-up support; and 4) to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of GBTD brokerage by actually implementing a service. Planning consisted of a survey of local private operators and the selection of an employment center. The project demonstrated that low demand and low revenues were too risky a market for the private sector. COMBUS never became self-supporting during the 3-months of test service. The recovery rate was between 50-60 percent (better than the GBTD regular service of 40 percent). The project also demonstrated the problems associated with private bus operators in commuter service in the Bridgeport area. Overall, the study concluded that self-supporting privately operated commuter service had little potential in the area. The GBTD (320,000 population) is a middle-sized operation with a peak fleet of 50 buses operating on 20 routes. Public transit operations began in 1979 when GBTD took over the service provided by 4 private companies--two of which remain as large schoolbus and charter operators. KW - Brokerage KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Commuting KW - Connecticut KW - Employment KW - Paratransit services KW - Private enterprise KW - Ridership KW - Subscription bus service KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205453 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389385 AU - Greater Bridgeport Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LOW-COST TRANSIT IMPROVEMENT FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1984/06 SP - 73 p. AB - After the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) purchased 4 private bus companies in 1979-1980, it set out to provide high quality service by upgrading and expanding the bus fleet, improving coverage and headways, and unifying services and maintenance (Phases 1 and 2 Service Improvements). The GBTD focused on developing low-cost techniques for increasing ridership. The objective of this study is to develop low-cost strategies that would divert auto trips to mass transit. Two major areas are addressed: 1) marketing and public relations, and 2) service monitoring. A literature search for low-cost techniques already in use by other transit operators identified 13 marketing and public relations techniques and 1 service monitoring technique. Criteria for evaluating resources necessary to implement the proposed techniques and the implementation of them are also discussed. The final chapter of this report discusses the service monitoring set of techniques under the heading of The Operations/Planning Interface Program. This program discusses the means by which the Planning Staff receives qualitative data about GBTD services, namely: the Operators Committee, the Operator Suggestion Program, the Operator "Ride-Along" Program, and the Customer Communications Procedure. In addition, two other public information techniques are discussed--Operator Information Cards, and Operator Information Booklets. Both the Marketing and Public Relations techniques and the Service Monitoring techniques met various levels of success. The most successful, according to the authors, was the Operator Suggestion Program. KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Employee participation KW - Marketing KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205454 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389376 AU - Wilson, NHM AU - Bauer, A AU - GONZALEZ, S AU - Shriver, J AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SHORT RANGE TRANSIT PLANNING: CURRENT PRACTICE AND A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK PY - 1984/06 SP - 54 p. AB - The research described in this report explored the service and operations planning process in the transit industry in a two-phase approach. In the first phase a detailed assessment of current short range transit planning practice was undertaken through a survey of a dozen transit properties and a detailed investigation of two properties. This phase of the research provided a fuller understanding of the existing process, the constraints which any changes in the process should satisfy, and the weaknesses both as recognized by the planners themselves and as identified by disinterested observers. From this base, the second phase suggested a framework for structuring improvements to the planning process to deal with some of the more significant deficiencies. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Case studies KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Routing KW - Service discontinuance KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5596/806a.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56560/shortrangetrans8444cent_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205447 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389378 AU - Arkhoma Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMMUTING WITHIN THE FT. SMITH AREA AND RIDESHARING--THE SENSE OF IT PY - 1984/06 SP - 14 p. AB - Work trips represent a substantial share of total travel in the Fort Smith Urbanized Area. This commuting booklet consists of maps, charts, and statistics and provides an overview of the home-to-work trip movement, mode of transportation used, carpool usage and employment distribution patterns for persons residing in the Cities of Fort Smith, Van Buren, Barling, Arkoma, and Moffett. This booklet serves as a resource document and was prepared for use by the Commission in transit and paratransit planning activities. Area businesses and industry will find it useful. It contains journey-to-work information not generally available from Census or other statistical sources. Travel data is also available on workers at work end as opposed to place of residence. Included, thus, is journey-to-work information not generaly available from Census or other statistical sources. Travel data is also available on workers at work end as opposed to place of residence. Included, thus, is journey-to-work information for commuters residing outside the urbanized area boundary. This material can be obtained from special printed reports maintained at the Arkhoma Regional Planning Commission. For further information, contact Ken O'Donnell with the ARPC staff. KW - Carpools KW - Census KW - Commuting KW - Modal split KW - Paratransit services KW - Ridership KW - Small cities KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 8 KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205449 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386904 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCING URBAN TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENTS REPORT 3: A GUIDE TO ALTERNATIVE FINANCING MECHANISMS FOR URBAN HIGHWAYS PY - 1984/06 SP - 117 p. AB - This report examines four techniques for generating revenues for the construction and maintenance of urban highways: toll financing, local option motor-fuel taxes, private development related measures, and utilization of airspace. It is designed as a guide for State and local officials who are interested in evaluating the use of these techniques for meeting their area's highway financing needs, and includes a description of each technique, the best conditions for use, and a selection of experiences. Contacts and references also are provided. The four techniques are evaluated by their revenue potential, sensitivity to inflation, administrative and legal feasibility, efficiency, public acceptability, and equity. (Author) KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Financing KW - Fuels KW - Guidelines KW - Highways KW - Improvements KW - Joint development KW - Private enterprise KW - Taxation KW - Tolls KW - Urban highways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389880 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION REPORT: TRACK CONDITIONS, TRAINING, AND INSPECTION PROCEDURES FOR THE NEW YORK CITY RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM APRIL 9-20, 1984 PY - 1984/05/25 SP - 103 p. AB - During April 1984, Federal investigators undertook an evaluation of several aspects of the track maintenance program of the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA). Three important elements of the track program were examined: training, inspection, and track conditions. A sound track maintenance program must be founded on a cadre of people who know how to maintain track and who understand the importance of their role in achieving a successful track maintenance program. The portion of this report dealing with training evaluates, on the basis of limited exposure, how well NYCTA is fulfilling its training obligations. The second area involved NYCTA inspection procedures. An effective inspection program carried out by adequately trained inspectors will generate the necessary information to permit immediate action by maintenance crews to avoid traffic interruptions and give adequate warning of major track work requirements so that program work can be scheduled. The existing inspection system used by the NYCTA falls short of these basic objectives and recommendations are presented. The final area of involvement was an evaluation of actual track conditions, the major effort of Federal inspectors. Approximately 15 percent of the system's main track mileage was selected for detailed inspection. It covered each of the six operating subdivisions on all three divisions. In all, 100.21 miles of track were examined. KW - Inspection KW - Maintenance of way KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Safety KW - Safety standards KW - Standards KW - Track inspection KW - Track standards KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205768 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389382 AU - Multiplications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation TI - OPERATING STRATEGIES FOR MAJOR RADIAL BUS ROUTES PY - 1984/05 SP - 38 p. AB - This report is to assist bus transit service planners and schedulers in designing bus routes and operating strategies in radial travel corridors. It defines alternative operating strategies and stopping policies that can improve transit productivity and demonstrates (through examples) how these strategies can be applied to reduce costs and improve performance. Service strategies discussed are intended for moderate-to-high demand corridors that have a strong directional orientation (toward the central business district or a rapid-transit station. The corridor definition is 8 or more busloads per hour cumulative passenger volume for all routes serving it. The strategies are intended only for use during the periods when corridor demand meets this qualification. This overview report is primarily descriptive and is to be followed by detailed planning manuals. Chapters of this volume discuss the use of express service, how local bus operation can be customized and refined to achieve more efficient operation, and how deadheading and interlining among corridor routes can reduce vehicle requirements. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Deadheading KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Interlining KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Peak periods KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56489/operatingstrate8427mult_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205452 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387699 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS) IN TRANSIT SYSTEM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT PY - 1984/05 SP - v.p. AB - This report presents the legislative history and current regulatory requirement concerning the continued use of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in transit system electrical equipment. Recent rule-making promulgated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is presented in summary form to aid the reader in following the chrononlogy of requirements affecting the continued operation, servicing, marking, and disposal of transit system electrical equipment which contains PCB materials. Types of transit system electrical equipment regulated by the EPA are identified and future regulatory requirements concerning allowable PCB concentration levels for specific electrical equipment are outlined. Transit system procedures for the handling of electrical equipment containing PCBs are presented. Recommendations to assist transit systems in eliminating PCBs from electrical equipment are provided. KW - Capacitors KW - Coolants KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Electric locomotives KW - Electric multiple unit cars KW - Environmental protection KW - Insulating materials KW - Legislation KW - Polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Regulations KW - Toxicity KW - Transformers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201596 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00469292 AU - Bloch, A J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR BUSES: CURRENT ASSESSMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/05 SP - 68 p. AB - The limited research that was conducted regarding alternative fuels for buses is summarized. Results are matched with relevant objectives, and recommendations for further research and policy directions are given. The issue of alternative fuels for transit buses is examined from the perspective of the 1980s and beyond. It is pointed out that in a time when Federal involvement in alternative fuel development is of lessened significance and market place actions seem of greater value than government intervention or investment, it is relevant to examine the objectives of developing diesel fuel alternatives for public transportation vehicle use. Five fuels were named as possible alternative fuels for bus transit systems: methanol; ethanol; vegetable oils; methane; and hydrogen. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Ethanol KW - Hydrogen KW - Methane KW - Methanol KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Vegetable oils UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279766 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455070 AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE BOSTON REGION: ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL ACTIONS PY - 1984/05 SP - 121 p. AB - The energy shortages and price increases of the 1970s along with relatively stable energy prices and supplies of the 1980s have made energy policy an important government priority and subjected energy consumption in transportation to intense scrutiny. The key unknown is the future of energy prices and supplies. This energy conservation plan addresses the need for conservation on a continuous basis rather than an emergency situation. Most of the measures examined in this report can be classified as low capital, transportation systems management (TMS) actions as well as capital intensive projects. Several projects and programs are reviewed and recommended for endorsement as strong energy conservation measures. These projects are estimated to produce relatively large energy savings at low public cost as well as favorable impacts on local or regional travel conditions. Review and comparison of these measures include such items as project and program costs, impacts on mobility and travel time, and economic and institutional feasibility. Energy consumption rates for different modes are compared in terms of per vehicle mile and per passenger mile. The report provides information on fuel consumption in the Boston area as well as energy impacts of arterials, high occupancy vehicles, priority and reserved lanes, bicycling, carpooling, etc. (Vanpooling emerges as the most energy efficient of all modes on a per passenger mile basis.) This report concludes with recommendations for established project review and program monitoring procedures. KW - Boston (Massachusetts) KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Mobility KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455199 AU - Urban Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLAN DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTABLISHING RURAL TRANSIT SYSTEM FOR THE CITY OF BOGALUSA PY - 1984/05 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of this report is to detail the results of a study examining the feasibility of implementing a rural transit system in the City of Bogalusa, Louisiana. Initially, it was anticipated that the residents would be interested in developing a rural transit system that would provide inexpensive transportation to work sites located outside of Bogalusa. A survey of several job sites within Louisiana--New Orleans, Covington, Slidell, Washington, and St. Bernard Parishes--indicated that a significant number of Bogalusa residents commuted to these work areas. Daily ridership was estimated at 350 passengers. However, a survey of the residents showed that most residents preferred a fixed-route or demand-responsive system in Bogalusa rather than a vanpool, carpool, or employer-based vanpool system. Based on this survey and an inventory of existing land uses, travel patterns, and population trends in Bogalusa, a recommended system was designed that would operate on a fixed-route with demand-responsive capabilities. This report documents the study results. It documents the results of the user survey, examines several other rural transit systems, and presents the recommended transit service design and a financial analysis of projected implementation and operating costs as well as system revenues associated with the recommended system designed. The recommended service would provide fixed-route bus service with demand responsive capabilities in the various residential neighborhoods. The system is modeled on the system serving Merrill, Wisconsin, also described in this report. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Louisiana KW - Paratransit services KW - Rural areas KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 18 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269289 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395216 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Porterfield, C J AU - Peterson, H C AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEASIBILITY OF UTILIZING EXISTING RAILROAD RIGHTS-OF-WAY FOR TRANSIT COORIDORS IN URBAN AREAS PY - 1984/05 SP - 387 p. AB - This study investigates and analyzes the feasibility of using existing railroad rights-of-way for public transit facilities in the urbanized areas of Texas. The study's intent is to assist transit planners, particularly in the Dallas, Houston, and Fort Worth areas, and provide guidance in developing public transportation services in conjunction with private railroad facilities. Information presented in this report should prove valuable to public officials in planning transit services and in negotiating arrangements with private railroad companies. The study was designed to meet the following objectives: 1) to identify, survey, and assess U.S. transit projects which utilize railroad rights-of-way within major urbanized areas; 2) to identify, investigate and summarize the institutional, jurisdictional and legal constraints and concerns associated with the joint use of rail facilities; 3) to identify and assess construction and oprational considerations of high capacity transit systems operating within existing railroads rights-of-way in major urban areas; and 4) to assess the general feasibility and potential of utilizing existing railroad rights-of-way for public transportation purposes in major urban areas within the State of Texas. Through 1) a comprehensive review of literature and 2) surveys of 63 public transportation agencies, 23 private railroad companies, and 26 professional organizations, 14 urbanized areas and transit authorities in North America were identified as examples of successful joint operations of transit on railroad rights-of-way. The report summarizes the information gathered and relates the experiences, concerns and practices of urban areas in other states and Canada to the State of Texas. KW - Institutional issues KW - Joint facilities KW - Joint use KW - Legal factors KW - Light rail transit KW - Railroad rights of way KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit KW - Right of way (Land) KW - Texas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392934 AU - NETZER, D AU - O'Donoghue, J AU - Vandersteel, M AU - New York University, New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING AN APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-RANGE FUTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN LARGE CITIES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/05 SP - 9 p. AB - This report is concerned with the long-term future of public transportation in large old cities with well-developed public transportation systems. This research begins with the assumption of severe fiscal constraint, compelling reduction in real resource consumption over time, but assuming away existing institutional arrangements, including operating practices. Data needs are discussed under five headings: (1) economic and demographic projections for twenty years ahead; (2) public transportation demand; (3) the services and operations necessary to meet that demand; (4) how those services can be most efficiently provided; and (5) how the resulting highly-efficient system can be best financed. The data needed to implement the approach are then compared to the data actually available and the urban transportation planning processes in Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia and New York. The conclusions are that, despite numerous gaps and deficiencies in the data bases, the research apporach can be implemented with a minimum of new data-generation efforts, but with substantial work devoted to piecing together the data resources presently at hand. KW - Cost control KW - Demographics KW - Economic analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391618 AU - Cervero, R AU - Hansen, M AU - Watkins, T AU - MARKOWITZ, J AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - EVIDENCE ON TIME-OF-DAY PRICING IN THE UNITED STATES VOLUME 2: APPENDICES AND CASE STUDIES PY - 1984/05 SP - 161 p. AB - This is the companion volume to the research report on Evidence on Time-of-Day Transit Pricing in the United States. Volume 1, serves as an expanded appendix, principally providing detailed case-by-case summaries on experiences with time-of-day transit pricing. It provides background information on the reasons for adopting time-of-day pricing, the impacts recorded to date, implementation issues, a national survey of transit officials, along with a theoretical summary of the time-of-day pricing concept. Appendix I presents 32 individual case study summaries on time-of-day transit pricing experiences. Attention focuses on each rationale for adopting time-of-day pricing, trends and impacts associated with the fare programs, and assorted implementation issues. Performance data and statistics are generally provided for each case study. Appendix II presents the theory of peak-load and time-of-day pricing, in particular as it bears on the American transit industry. Efficiency and equity arguments in favor of time-of-day pricing are charted in the second appendix. Some of the classical literature on this topic are also discussed. Appendix III briefly summarizes a national survey conducted whereby a range of questions associated with time-of-day fares were asked. Background information on respondents and their agencies is included in Appendix III. KW - Case studies KW - Differentiated fares KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Peak hour traffic KW - Peak periods KW - Periods of the day KW - Pricing KW - Revenues UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7023/890.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391611 AU - Bloch, A J AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR BUSES: CURRENT ASSESSMENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES PY - 1984/05 SP - 58 p. AB - This report examines the issue of alternative fuels for transit buses from the perspective of the 1980's and beyond. In a time when federal involvement in alternative fuel development is of lessened significance and market place actions seem of greater value than government intervention or investment, it is relevant to examine the objectives of developing diesel fuel alternatives for public transportation vehicle use. Four fuel groups are evaluated: alcohols, vegetable oils, methane (or natural gas) and hydrogen. An assessment of current development status is provided and conclusions regarding future research efforts are presented. KW - Alcohols KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Ethanol KW - Hydrogen KW - Methane KW - Methanol KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vegetable oils KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391608 AU - NETZER, D AU - O'Donoghue, J AU - Vandersteel, M AU - New York University, New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPING AN APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE LONG-RANGE FUTURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN LARGE CITIES PY - 1984/05 SP - 82 p. AB - This report is concerned with the design and feasibility of research on the long-term future of public transportation in large old cities with well-developed public transportation systems. This research begins with the assumption of severe fiscal constraint, compelling reduction in real resource consumption over time, but assuming away existing institutional arrangements, including operating practices. Research questions are specified and data needs discussed under five headings: (1) economic and demographic projections for twenty years ahead, particularly the degree of detail and disaggregation needed for the analyses; (2) public transportation demand; (3) the services and operations necessary to meet that demand; (4) how those services can be most efficiently provided; and (5) how the resulting highly-efficient system can be best financed. The data ideally needed to implement the approach are then compared to the data actually available and the urban transportation planning processes in Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia and New York. The conclusions are that, despite numerous gaps and deficiencies in the data bases, the research approach can be implemented with a minimum of new data-generation efforts, but with substantial work devoted to piecing together the data resources presently at hand. KW - Data collection KW - Demographics KW - Economic development KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Long term KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Public transit KW - Subsidies KW - Time duration KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206930 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389890 AU - Kuzmyak, J R AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MADISON AVENUE DUAL EXCLUSIVE BUS LANE DEMONSTRATION--NEW YORK CITY PY - 1984/05 SP - 150 p. AB - In May 1981, the New York City Department of Transportation implemented a dual exclusive bus lane facility on Madison Avenue in midtown Manhattan, between 42nd and 59th Streets. The project was sponsored for one year as a demonstration by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration under the Service and Methods Demonstration Program, and has since been maintained locally as a permanent facility. The bus lane was implemented as a traffic management action to improve bus operations and reliability on this busy artery. During the evening peak period, the five northbound lanes of Madison Avenue accommodate over 1,400 vehicles per hour; during the 5-6 p.m. peak hour, over 200 of these vehicles are buses, which are forced to mix with other traffic resulting in major conflicts and inefficiency. The dual bus lane facility was implemented in conjunction with a set of traffic management measures, including a stringent parking ban and right turn restrictions. Together, these measures produced a 42 percent decline in peak hour travel time for express bus travel on Madison, andd a 34 percent decline in local bus travel time. Major impacts on non-bus traffic were not detected. The Madison Avenue bus lane does not entail permanent physical barriers. It operates between 2 and 7 p.m. on weekdays, and is available for general use at all other times. Enforcement of the lane is accomplished through pavement striping; pavement, overhead, and "roll-out" signs; and patrol by a special squad of enforcement agents. This report discusses the bus lane project in terms of its planning and development, including the public involvement and numerous alterations necessary to make the project viable. Impact analysis covers level of service effects, bus ridership, and costs. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - New York (New York) KW - Parking regulations KW - Reliability KW - Road markings KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205777 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389402 AU - Cervero, R AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVIDENCE ON TIME-OF-DAY TRANSIT PRICING IN THE UNITED STATES PY - 1984/05 SP - 314 p. AB - This report examines the evidence on time-of-day transit pricing in the U.S., particularly in terms of ridership, fiscal, and equity impacts as well as with respect to various implementation issues. Thirty-two time-of-day transit fare programs have been initiated in the U.S. since the early 1970, of which twenty-two currently exist. These are about evenly split between off-peak discounts, peak-period surcharges, and programs involving differential rates of fare increases between peak and off-peak periods. Most fare differentials have been fairly modest to date (i.e., around 10-15 cent), though there have been several cases where peak charges exceed off-peak ones by 35 cent. Regarding the duration of the designated peak period, the most common time span chosen was 6 hours. From interviews and site visits, it was also found that the most prevalent reason for adopting time-of-day pricing was to encourage ridership shifts to the off-peak. Unfortunately, however, there was little empirical evidence to suggest that time-of-day fare programs to date have accomplish just that, although in most cases the proportion of total ridership during off-peak periods rose. Statistical analysis revealed off-peak users to be more sensitive to fare changes than their peak period counterparts, with midday discount programs demonstrating the most prolific ridership impacts. Before-and-after analysis generally showed that the time-of-day fare programs had fairly inconsequential effects on farebox recovery, operating performance, or the composition of ridership, ostensibly due to the nominal size of most differentials. The most successful programs were those which collect fares on the basis of run direction (rather than exact time) and which aggressively marketed their programs. KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Marketing KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Peak periods KW - Pricing KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205463 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389891 AU - Eckmann, A AU - Price, D S AU - Match Institution AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRAVEL TRENDS: HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS AND FUTURE FORECASTS PY - 1984/05 SP - 91 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of telecommunications substitutes for travel, urban land use patterns, rescheduling of work activities, and their impacts on urban travel patterns. As a result of this research effort and what had occurred over the past decade, the report also provides some forecasts and hypotheses on future urban travel trends. Some of the anticipated trends show that trips for family and personal business will increase along with work trips. Total trips are expected to increase, while trips for educational, social and recreational purposes will decline. Socio-economic and demographic conditions, such as increasing household formations, growth in the labor force and aging of the population were seen to have greater influence on total travel trends than the effects of particular technological developments. Recent growth in transit ridership will continue, however, at a declining rate of growth which may be the result of expected continued growth in carpooling and vanpooling. KW - Carpools KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Telecommunications KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205778 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389368 AU - Koffman, D AU - Rhyner, G AU - Trexler, R AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION ON THE SAN DIEGO TROLLEY PY - 1984/05 SP - 144 p. AB - The San Diego Trolley (owner by the Metropolitan Transit Development Board) began operations in July 1981 using self-service fare collection (SSFC). Passengers must have proof of payment consisting of a single-ride ticket bought at a vending machine located at one of the 18 stations, a multi-ride ticket validated at one of the same machines, a transfer, or a monthly pass. About one-third of riders are checked by a team of inspectors who issue citations, or notices to appear in court, to fare evaders. The usual penalty for fare evasion is to forfeit $20 bail plus a $10 court fee. The 33 ticket machines have performed well in the opinion of Trolley staff, with a record of better than 96% in-service availability. Analysis of boarding times indicates that SSFC on the Trolley saves about 3.4 minutes per 16-mile run. On the average, 0.5% of passengers checked do not have proper proof of payment. The use of court citations has proved workable, although 20% to 40% of cited passengers ignore the citations indefinitely. Passengers have generally positive attitudes toward the SSFC system. Total annual cost (including annualized capital) for SSFC has been estimated at $444,000 or $.11 per passenger. Conventional fare collection would have much higher operating costs and lower capital costs. KW - Fare collection KW - Fraud KW - Law enforcement KW - Light rail transit KW - San Diego (California) KW - Self-service fare collection KW - Ticket vending machines KW - Ticketing UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205442 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389358 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VALUE ENGINEERING FOR BUS MAINTENANCE FACILTTIES PY - 1984/05 SP - 6 p. AB - Value engineering is a systematic design review and cost control technique that analyzes functions of a system, facility or materials and matches the most cost effective design to the functions with the objective of achieving the required function at the lowest life cycle cost consistent with requirements for performance, reliability, quality, maintainability and safety. The recently initiated Value Engineering program of UMTA is to evaluate the VE technique in the design and construction of bus maintenance facilities. UMTA believes that this program can make substantial reductions in initial and recurring costs associated with the construction, rehabilitation, operation and maintenance of bus facilities. The general discussion of VE is accompanied by an example of a facility workshop where illumination is studied. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Cost control KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Industrial engineering KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Value engineering KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205436 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389364 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MADISON PEAK-PERIOD PARKING PRICING DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PY - 1984/05 SP - 162 p. AB - This report describes the impacts of instituting a peak-period parking surcharge along with introducing a park-ride shuttle bus system in Madison, Wisconsin. the objective of the demonstration, which was funded through the UMTA Service & Methods Demonstration Program, was to improve the utilization of parking spaces in the downtown area by discouraging individuals from making commuter trips to the CBD by automobiles, thereby increasing the availability of parking spaces for midday shopping and personal business trips. A complementary shuttle bus system serving three fringe-area parking lots was also introduced in order to make transit use more attractive to commuters. The institution of the $1.00 parking surcharge resulted in a significant (40 percent) decrease in the number of spaces occupied at the four surcharge facilities during the morning peak period. Of the commuters faced with paying the surcharge, about 22 percent switched to a nonsurcharge parking location while 6 percent entered the facility after 9:30 a.m. when the surcharge period ended. Between 5 and 8 percent of the commuters who previously parked in a surcharge facility changed modes, but predominantly to the regular bus system rather than the park-ride buses. While some individuals did form carpools, auto occupancies for all users of the surcharge parking facilities increased by only 3 percent. It is estimated that the peak-period surcharge program increased parking revenues by between $6,000 and $10,000 per month. KW - Commuting KW - Modal split KW - Park and ride KW - Parking costs KW - Pay parking KW - Peak periods KW - Shuttle buses KW - Surcharge KW - Tie plates UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205439 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387982 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority TI - ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS/DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE QUEENS SUBWAY OPTIONS STUDY IN BOROUGH OF QUEENS NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK PY - 1984/05 SP - v.p. AB - This Draft Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared to provide information on options for improvement of subway service for the Borough of Queens, New York. Queens is the largest of the New York City boroughs in area (115 sq mi) and second in population (1.9 million). Queens has a range of rapid transit, railroad and bus services, all heavily utilized. Despite declines in overall transit ridership, the high concentration of employment in Manhattan causes peak-hour demand to remain high. Three subway tunnels under the East River into Manhattan carry 127,200 passengers in the AM peak hour. The Long Island Rail Road operates at capacity through Queens with its two East River tunnels accommodating 43 trains in the peak hour. Some express buses and vanpools also operate between Queens and Manhattan. The proposed program calls for extensive expansion of transit service in Queens, with five options detailed by the Queens Transit Alternatives Study. Each alternative is described in a format which presents the physical characteristics, service characteristics, and environmental impacts. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Environmental impacts KW - Level of service KW - Line capacity KW - Long Island Rail Road KW - Modal split KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Peak periods KW - Railroad facility operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/52000/52000/52041/alternativesanal00hira.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208730 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387965 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - East-West Gateway Coordinating Council TI - ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS AND DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR MAJOR TRANSIT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS PY - 1984/05 SP - v.p. AB - The St. Louis Central/Airport Corridor connects Metro East, downtown St. Louis, Clayton, and the Airport/McDonnell-Douglas complex. Five primary alternatives are considered to improve transit in the corridor: 1) no-action; 2) transportation system management (TSM); 3) busway; 4) light rail transit (LRT); and 5) light rail transit with shuttle bus service (to Clayton). The following effects of each of the alternatives are considered, as appropriate: transportation; economic development; displacement; neighborhood; visual and aesthetic; air quality; noise and vibration; ecosystem; water; energy; historic, archaeological, and cultural; parkland; and financial effects. The findings of the AA/DEIS study and the public hearing-AA/DEIS comments will be used to select a preferred alternative for the corridor. KW - Airport access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Busways KW - Corridors KW - Environmental impacts KW - Feeder buses KW - Financing KW - Light rail transit KW - Saint Louis (Missouri) KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban renewal KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208725 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387974 AU - Eckmann, A AU - Scott Price, D AU - Match Institution AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRAVEL TRENDS: HISTORICAL QUESTIONS AND FUTURE FORECASTS PY - 1984/05 SP - 91 p. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of telecommunications substitutes for travel, urban land use patterns, rescheduling of work activities; and their impacts on urban travel patterns. As a result of this research effort and what has occurred over the past decade, the report also provides some forecasts and hypotheses on future urban travel trends. Some of the anticipated trends show that trips for family and personal business will increase along with work trips. Total trips are expected to increase, while trips for educational, social and recreational purposes will decline. Socio-economic and demographic conditions, such as increasing household formations, growth in the labor force and aging of the population were seen to have greater influence on total travel trends than the effects of particular technological developments. Recent growth in transit ridership will continue, however, at a declining rate of growth which may be the result of expected continued growth in carpooling and vanpooling. KW - Demographics KW - Forecasting KW - Households KW - Land use KW - Modal split KW - Social factors KW - Technological forecasting KW - Telecommunications KW - Travel patterns KW - Trip length KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205013 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387977 AU - Kaye, M C AU - Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NOISE CONTROL OF THE CONTEMPORARY TRANSIT MOTORBUS PY - 1984/05 SP - 132 p. AB - A broad range of topics relating to the noise control of ordinary transit motorbuses is presented. The work is an outgrowth of Portland's Transit Mall engineering. Topics include noise ratings of various makes and models, source analysis and treatment, testing techniques, performance benchmarks, environmental noise prediction, busyard sound barrier, and noise control strategies. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cooling systems KW - Diesel engines KW - Noise barriers KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Noise sources KW - Performance evaluations KW - Tests KW - Transit malls KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205016 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462927 AU - Jacobs, M AU - Skinner, R E AU - Lemer, A C AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT PROJECT PLANNING GUIDANCE: ESTIMATION OF TRANSIT SUPPLY PARAMETERS. DRAFT PY - 1984/04 SP - 145 p. AB - This report discusses techniques applicable to the estimation of transit vehicle fleet requirements, vehicle-hours and vehicle-miles, and other related transit supply parameters. These parameters are used for estimating operating costs and certain capital costs such as rolling stock, which in turn are critical factors in evaluating public transportation investment proposals. General considerations in estimating supply parameters are discussed first. These include the relationship of supply parameter estimation to the overall project development process, typical data requirements for system planning and project planning, the assessment of operational feasibility, and the sensitivity of the supply parameter estimates to input assumptions and procedures. The use of empirical data to assess the reasonableness of these estimates is emphasized, and selected empirical data are provided throughout the text and in appendices. Other chapters deal in somewhat greater detail with the following aspects of supply parameter estimation: the definition and description of alternatives; the estimation of transit vehicle and line capacities; the preparation of ridership forecasts and the analysis of the compatibility among these forecasts and the underlying capacity and level of service assumptions; the estimation of fleet requirements and service parameters; and the estimation of the numbers of employees required to operate proposed transit services. KW - Capital costs KW - Empirical methods KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Parameters KW - Personnel KW - Proposals KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Transportation planning KW - Vehicle miles of travel KW - Vehicles UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274383 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390656 AU - Teal, R F AU - Giuliano, G M AU - Brenner, M E AU - ROONEY, S B AU - JACOBS, J K AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATE SECTOR OPTIONS FOR COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION PY - 1984/04 SP - 202 p. AB - This study examines the institutional and economic feasibility of increasing the utilization of the private sector to provide and organize commuter transportation services. These include both private services not subsidized with public funds--private commuter bus service, buspools, and employer vanpool programs, and privately provided services sponsored by public agencies--privately contracted commuter bus service and transit agency vanpooling programs. Based on case studies of urban areas where these services exist, the report determines that they demonstrate significant economic report determines that they demonstrate significant economic advantages compared to transit agency commuter bus services, but face major institutional and market obstacles to widespread adoption. KW - Commuting KW - Employers KW - Institutional issues KW - Marketing KW - Private enterprise KW - Subscription bus service KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56514/privatesectorop1100inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206199 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393527 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Abrams-Cherwony and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - BUS ROUTE COSTING PROCEDURES: FINAL REPORT PY - 1984/04 SP - 110 p. AB - This study develops uniform techniques for accurately estimating the incremental change in overall system cost due to planned, small scale bus service changes. Current costing procedures were catalogued and evaluated. Based on investigation of factors that influence costs, a proposed technique was devised. Its strengths and weaknesses were appraised relative to other known methods. Chapter 2 reviews costing procedures that have been applied in the past. Chapter 3 presents an overview of the proposed method which concentrates on driver wages and benefits and those provisions of work rules which affect computation of total compensation. Both the calibration and application phases are described in a step-by-step manner. Chapter 4 describes the testing program for the proposed method. For comparison, baseline costs were established using a scheduling-based, cost bulid-up approach. Other costing methods were also tested. Using Twin Cities Transit as a test site, approximately a dozen service changes were costed. Chapter 5 summarizes the overall capability and performance of the proposed method. Proposals are also made for further research in those areas offering the most promise. Automation is seen as simplifying resource requirements for applying the costing method. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus routes KW - Cost analysis KW - Cost control KW - Costs KW - Incremental costs KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Productivity KW - Salaries KW - Work rules UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56345/busroutecosting8424simp_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208232 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468396 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. AN OVERVIEW PY - 1984/04 SP - 64 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Articulated buses KW - Buses KW - Paratransit services KW - Technical assistance KW - Training KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Vanpools UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56574/technicalassista00unse_1.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279354 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396410 AU - Miller, J H AU - Adams, D E AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Pennsylvania Department of Transportation AU - Department of Transportation TI - POST BUS TRANSPORTATION IN RURAL PENNSYLVANIA: A FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1984/04 SP - 94 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing existing postal carriers, currently operating in the rural areas of Pennsylvania, as a means of transporting rural residents within sparsely populated rural areas, and between these areas and regional retail, medical and human service centers. Both operational and administrative issues were addressed. From a group of 31 potential routes, five were selected for more detailed study. Projections of operational and administrative costs, and revenue potential were developed for each of the five sites. The researchers concluded that there are not any unsurmountable legal, regulatory economic or operating barriers to combining passenger and mail transportation in rural Pennsylvania, and in fact this may provide a low-cost alternative to offering public transportation service in areas were traditional approaches are not feasible. KW - Bus transportation KW - Buses KW - Cost data KW - Costs KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Postal bus KW - Postal service KW - Revenues KW - Rural areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213983 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00390681 JO - Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Public Technology, Incorporated TI - TRANSPAC '84 RAIL SYSTEMS PY - 1984/04 SP - 9 p. AB - Transpac '84, the 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Propulsion and Control for Urban Transit, included discussions of interest to rail transit operators. Successful tests and operating experiences with AC traction motors and with AC and DC chopper controls were described. These systems have the potential for regenerative braking which can reduce energy costs. Steps must be taken to assure they are compatible with train and signal controls to assure safety and reliability, and avoid electromagnetic interference. Test programs for electromagnetic interference were described. The application of microprocessor technology to signaling is growing, permitting advancements over traditional block relay systems. Innovative technology discussed included magnetic levitation, integrated magnetic propulsion and suspension, and inductive power collection. Technology transfer was also discussed, along with the international market for rail equipment. KW - Alternating current motors KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Energy conservation KW - Inductive energy transfer KW - Linear electric motor KW - Linear motors KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Microprocessors KW - Signaling KW - Traction drives UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/210015 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390707 AU - Rhyner, G AU - Webb, P AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARKING PERMIT DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA PY - 1984/04 SP - 168 p. AB - This report presents the results of a parking demonstration operated by the County of Santa Cruz, California and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Under the project, on-street parking in portions of the residential area near the beaches required a permit. Area residents were given a limited number of free permits and allowed to purchase further permits for additional vehicles that they owned at a low fee. Non-resident permits were priced considerably higher to reduce the high level of traffic congestion and high occupancy rate in the on-street parking spaces prior to the demonstration. As an alternative during the first year of the demonstration, a free park-and-ride shuttle system was operated with standard 45' transit vehicles used to transport beach users from outlying parking lots to the beaches. The service was not offered during the second season of operation due to poor ridership. This report assesses the demand for each of the project elements and the effect of the project of local parking and traffic conditions. It also assesses the financial self-sufficiency of the project. Finally, it gives results from this demonstration that may be applicable to similar projects conducted elsewhere. KW - California KW - Park and ride KW - Parking costs KW - Parking regulations KW - Pay parking KW - Recreational facilities KW - Regulations KW - Revenues KW - Shuttle buses KW - Traffic restraint KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206238 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00390680 JO - Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Public Technology, Incorporated TI - TRANSPAC '84 BUS SYSTEMS PY - 1984/04 SP - 9 p. AB - Transpac '84, the 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Propulsion and Control for Urban Transit, included discussions of interest to urban bus operators: Alternate fuels and energy recovery; diesel engine improvements; dual propulsion and guided bus development; and barriers to new technology in bus operations. Methanol and natural gas received greatest attention as fuels with problems foreseen in fuel handling and in altering diesel engines and exhaust systems. Flywheels and stored hydraulic energy propulsion are being studied as ways for energy recycling. Bus system developments included diesel engine air intercoolers, variable transmissions, and hydrostatic transmissions. Dual power systems include trolley buses with diesel auxiliary engines, diesel/battery, and trolley/battery systems. Guided bus technology includes mechanical guidance, which is being tested in Germany, and electronic guidance along an underground cable. The problems of technology transfer were also discussed. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Dual mode transportation systems KW - Electric buses KW - Energy resources KW - Energy sources KW - Flywheels KW - Modifications KW - Technology transfer KW - Trolleybuses KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/210014 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389754 AU - Teal, R F AU - Giuliano, G AU - Brenner, M E AU - ROONEY, S B AU - JACOBS, J K AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRIVATE SECTOR OPTIONS FOR COMMUTER TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/04 SP - 15 p. AB - The study examines the institutional and economic feasibility of increasing the utilization of the private sector to provide and organize commuter transportation services. It is an evaluation of the private sector's potential to assume a major role in the delivery of collective forms of commuter transportation. The private sector options analyzed in this study are commuter transportation strategies for which the private sector is, at a minimum, responsible for organizing and financing the service. These options include: commuter bus service provided by private bus companies--either unsubsidized or operated under contract to a public agency; employer organized commuter ridesharing programs; and vanpooling services organized by transit agencies, private employers, and ridesharing agencies. By examining the use of these strategies in several metropolitan areas, this study seeks to determine the conditions under which they are utilized, to identify the obstacles to more widespread adoption, and to assess their appropriateness and cost-effectiveness. Because a variety of economic, legal, political, and organizational factors affect the feasibility of those strategies, this study addresses both their institition and economic dimensions. Six major types of private sector strategies are examined in this study. They are: 1) privately provided unsubsidized commuter bus service; 2) contracts with private bus operators for commuter services; 3) service turnovers from public transit agencies to private operators; 4) facilitating private commuter bus services through marketing and equipment assistance; 5) transit agency ridesharing programs; and 6) employer sponsored ridesharing programs. Private sector strategies were examined in eight metorpolitan areas where they have been an important aspect of commuter transportation. These areas are: Boston, Massachusetts; Hartford, Connecticut; Norfolk, Virginia; Newport News, Virginia; San Francisco Bay Area-North Bay, California; San Jose, California; Los Angeles, California; and Houston, Texas. Based on these case studies of urban areas where private sector transportation exists, the authors have determined that the service demonstrates significant economic advantages compared to transit agency commuter bus services, but face major institutional and market obstacles to widespread adoption. KW - Brokerage KW - Case studies KW - Commuter service KW - Contracting KW - Institutional issues KW - Preconstruction KW - Private enterprise KW - Ridesharing KW - Subscription bus service KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205688 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389377 AU - Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall AU - New Jersey Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOUTHERN DIVISION MAINTENANCE FACILITIES MASTER PLAN FOR N.J. TRANSIT BUS OPERATIONS, INC. REVISED EDITION PY - 1984/04 SP - 84 p. AB - Deadhead or non-revenue costs, obsolete, deteriorating and inefficient bus maintenance facilities as well as concerns about garage location and size generated this study to develop a master plan to guide the current effort to rehabilitate and replace the 5 bus maintenance/garage facilities of the NJ Transit Bus Operations, Inc. (NJTBus) Southern Division (Atlantic City, Maple Shade, Newton Avenue, Turnersville, and Wildwood). Currently, the NJTBus Southern Division fleet consists of 266 buses (projected growth factor of 15 percent) assigned to 5 maintenance facilities scattered throughout the region. The purpose of this study was to examine the operations of the 5 facilities and the potential for renovation and relocation. The report discusses the factors considered in developing the master plan for the bus maintenance garages, namely: existing garage facilities; deadhead or non-revenue cost analysis computer program; and capital and operating costs. Five alternate scenarios were developed and tested to determine the optimum number and location of garages. Scenarios are described herein. In addition, the report presents an evaluation of each alternate scenario in terms of total costs, including capital and operating costs, and the physical limitations of each site. The recommended bus maintenance garage program presented in this report has a total cost of about $27 million, or, excluding construction cost of 40 spaces for future growth, a cost of about $23 million for the existing fleet (266). This is about $11 million more than the "do nothing" alternative. The report states that the annualized capital costs incurred by implementation of the recommended program are offset by operational savings. KW - Bus garages KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Capital KW - Computer programs KW - Deadheading KW - Location KW - Maintenance facilities KW - New Jersey KW - Operating costs KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205448 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389757 AU - MUOTOH, D U AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR AUTOMATED TRANSIT AERIAL GUIDEWAYS PY - 1984/04 SP - 55 p. AB - Recent experiences at existing Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) installations show that the guideway structure is the single most expensive component of an AGT system. The deployment of AGT technology in urban locations may also exacerbate the cost contribution of the guideway structure. Despite this high cost of guideways, very little research has been directed towards the design and construction of high-efficiency guideway structures. Designers have relied mostly on existing structural design codes; the most frequently used being the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Sometimes AASHTO codes have been revised to reflect any special load characteristics of the particular AGT vehicle. In general, the degree of modification varies from one system to the other. Hence, there is presently no widely accepted set of criteria for the desing of AGT guideway structures. The problem is that because of the higher predictability of AGT loads, an unreasonable application of existing codes may lead to overly conservative guideway structures and consequently increased system cost. This report reviews existing design criteria, assesses their appropriateness for AGT aerial guideway design, and explores the feasibility of an industry-wide set of design criteria that will reduce the cost of AGT aerial guideway structures. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cost control KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Elevated guideways KW - Elevated structures KW - Standardization KW - Structural design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205691 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389755 AU - Teal, R F AU - Berglund, M AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN TRANSPORTATION DEREGULATION IN ARIZONA. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/04 SP - 16 p. AB - This research reports on the first year impacts of urban transportation dergulation in Arizona. It examines the impacts of deregulation on the taxi, airport limousine, private buses, and demand-responsive transportation industries in Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona and certain small cities, and as many new modes that might be initiated after deregulation, such as jitneys. The Phoeniz Airport, Sky Harbor International, was also a major focus of the analysis. The first year results of the Arizona experience are also compared to the impacts of taxi regulatory change in other cities. The report considers the advantages, disadvantages, and policy implications of complete deregulation of private urban common carriage transportation, as well as explaining the observed pattern of impacts. The primary objectives of the research were to: 1) provide information from the Arizona experiment on the public question of whether economic deregulation of urban passenger transportation results in benefits to transportation providers and urban travellers; 2) determine and evaluate the probable characteristics of unregulated markets in common carriage urban passenger transportation in Arizona and generalize the results to other urban areas; and 3) document short-run market adjustment processes following deregulation. Entry, exit, prices, productivity, and profitability were included in the analysis as were the topics of service innovation, changes in market size, effects upon compting modes, and implication for public transportation. Major tasks of the study consisted of: 1) an extensive review of the transportation literature pertaining to deregulation; 2) the development of a methodology to form hypotheses concerning impacts of deregulation; and 3) collection and analysis of empirical data from Arizona cities for the first year following deregulation. KW - Airport access KW - Arizona KW - Benefits KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Deregulation KW - Paratransit services KW - Pricing KW - Private enterprise KW - Productivity KW - Profitability KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205689 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387963 AU - Holmes, R A AU - Davis, E L AU - BROWN, I AU - Atlanta University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ROLES, OPERATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MARTA AND DADE COUNTY BOARD OF DIRECTORS PY - 1984/04 SP - 98 p. AB - This comparative analysis study examines the roles, functions, and decision-making processes of the Boards of Directors of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) and the Dade County Transportation Administration (DCTA) in order to determine the impact of internal and external factors on policy making in their agencies. Detailed interviews were conducted with 62 participants in the mass transit political, planning, and decision-making processes in Metro Atlanta and Dade County. Board-Staff relations were examined and an assessment was made of the relative effectiveness of the Boards. Case studies are provided of the Boards' decision-making in the areas of citizen participation mechanisms, Affirmative Action and Minority Business Enterprise policy, fare increases, route priorities, and intergovernmental relation strategies. The study evaluates the Boards' abilities to handle these issues. Policy recommendations to enhance the operations of both MARTA and DCTA policy making bodies are included in this report. The authors state that the MARTA decision-making process appear to be more political than Dade County, and the data do not support the traditional contention that an authority is more isulated from politics in its policy-making than an elected Board. Both system were acknowledged for having done an excellent job, and the Boards were given high ratings for their ability to make decisions on transportation issues (77.4 percent-Dade County, and 51.7 percent MARTA). The appendix contains an analysis of six groups of participants (Board Members, Policy Staff, Technical Staff, Elected Officials, Citizen Leaders, and Academician/Journalist) involved in the Dade County and MARTA transportation systems. KW - Case studies KW - Decision making KW - Effectiveness KW - Management KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Minorities KW - Policy making KW - Politics KW - Public participation KW - Transit boards UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387704 AU - Kuzmyak, J R AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION BROKERAGE DEMONSTRATION--BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT PY - 1984/04 SP - 152 p. AB - Since August 1978, the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD) has been engaged in a test of multimodal transportation brokerage. It is an ambitious effort aimed at revolutionizing the role of a public transit operator in planning and operating a regional transportation systems. GBTD's mission is to implement a diversified transportation network using a Transportation System Management (TSM) process, with services designed to meet the needs of specific markets. The components of this plan range from conventional fixed-route bus to both public and privately operated paratransit, including shared-ride taxi and employment-centered/subscription bus. Other major components include: strategic pricing and fare integration methods; development and application of advanced management and planning tools, linked to development of a large-scale management information system (MIS) capability; and a community and economic development role assumed by the Transit District. Accomplishments of the brokerage through the period of this interim report include: development of a core fixed-route bus system and a performance monitoring system to control its operation; a community-based minibus system, with alternating peak feeder and off-peak circulation service schedules, a consolidated social service agency transportation network; a market-based fare prepayment program; and a program for eliciting funding support form the private sector. Planning for shared-ride taxi, user-side subsidies, employment-centered bus, and the broad-based management information system were still in progress at the time of this report. KW - Brokerage KW - Connecticut KW - Coordination KW - Management information systems KW - Minibuses KW - Off peak periods KW - Off-peak KW - Paratransit services KW - Passes KW - Peak periods KW - Private enterprise KW - Social service agencies KW - Subsidies KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201134 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386947 AU - JHK & Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FLINT MASS TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY ROUTE CONFIGURATION STUDY PY - 1984/04 SP - 95 p. AB - The Flint Mass Transportation Authority (MTA), a public transportation system incorporated by the Flint City Council (Michigan) in 1971, provides regularly scheduled, fixed-route fixed-schedule bus service, a special elderly and handicapped service, charter service, and limited demand responsive service in the Flint metropolitan area. The subject of this report is regularly scheduled weekday fixed-route fixed-schedule bus service. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the many changes made since 1971 and relate them to the entire system vis-a-vis current land use, employment patterns, and shopping areas. The study discusses existing conditions in the Flint area; provides a detailed system performance evaluation; identifies potential problem areas on a route specific basis; discusses four possible alternatives to alleviate problems identified; and evaluates three spearate headway options. Included in this report is a year-by-year implementation plan for the selected routing alternatives and recommendations on actions to be taken first as well as the year changes are to be implemented. The appendices contain route profiles and headways for each routing alternative. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fixed routes KW - Headways KW - Land use KW - Michigan KW - Performance evaluations KW - Routing KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386951 AU - Shinnick, R W AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUFFOLK COUNTY BUS ASSESSMENT STUDY. PHASE 2 PY - 1984/04 SP - 111 p. AB - This report summarizes the comprehensive plan of the Suffolk County Bus Service Improvement Program, begun in 1980, to develop a countywide transit system that would facilitate inter-community travel along major corridors. It was designed to establish new routes to upgrade service and to extend service to the unserved/under-served communities. Phase 1 implementation involved contracting with private operators, integrating conventional fixed-route bus operations with local feeder services, and staging implementation on a route-by-route basis over a 12-month period. Successful implementation resulted in increased ridership, contract with 8 carriers now carrying 8,400 daily passengers, recovery of 28 percent of its operating costs throught the farebox, and contracting with ATE Management and Service Company to evaluate Phase 1 and establish a direction for Phase 2. This report discusses the findings and recommendations that set-up the framework for Phase 2 and includes Phase 2 goals and objectives, service plan, performance audits, management information and monitoring, capital plan, conclusions and recommendations. The report suggests ways in which the County can transition from Phase 1 implementation into long range management of a growing system. It states that after 4 years of operation, both County and carriers agree that contracting for service with private carriers was the prudent way to go. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Contracting KW - Coordination KW - Feeder buses KW - Forecasting KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - New York (State) KW - Performance evaluations KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Routing KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200619 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387695 AU - Englisher, L S AU - Multiplications, Incorporated TI - MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL TRANSIT SERVICE RELIABILITY DEMONSTRATION PY - 1984/04 SP - 44 p. AB - This report summarizes the results of UMTA's first transit service reliability demonstration. The demonstration was implemented by the Metropolitan Transit Commission on a high-frequency branched bus route--Route 5 in Minneapolis. the aim of the demonstration was to test the hypothesis that a combination of rescheduling and dynamic strategies could improve reliability without significant increases in cost or other negative effects on operation. The project involved application of a holding point strategy, preceded by schedule changes needed to fine-tune the route. The holding policy was based on improving schedule adherence, although it also incorporated efforts to moderate large headway gaps. The results of the project indicate that reliability was improved by on-street supervision at a control point combined with application of specific holding policies. Furthermore, indications are that supervision alone was more important than the holding policy in improving reliability and that the benefits were sustained beyond the period of application. This implies that drivers have greater ability to control unreliability than they typically acknowledge, and that further study of driver behavior would be worthwhile. The reuslting improvements in reliability should allow operators to reduce fleet size by more than enough to justify the costs of the supervisor. The cost-effectiveness could be even greater if several routes can be monitored at a single control point or strategies can be applied on an occasional basis. KW - Bus routes KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Headways KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Minnesota KW - Operating strategies KW - Planning KW - Relativity KW - Scheduling KW - Supervision KW - Traffic delays KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387707 AU - MUOTOH, D U AU - Elms, C P AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated TI - COST SAVINGS POTENTIAL FROM IMPROVEMENT IN RAILCAR RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY PY - 1984/04 SP - 74 p. AB - Potential benefits from proposed improvement in transit equipment performance must be quantifiable so that transit managers and other decision-makers can justify expenditures incurred on such improvement programs. This report presents a mathematical tool that will permit the estimation of cost savings potential from improvements in railcar reliability and maintainability. Rail transit improvements are expressed in terms of two major performance indicators--Mean Time Between Failures and Mean Time To Restore a Car to Service Condition. The tool is designed to estimate potential benefits (in dollars) achievable through improvements. It does not address the costs incurred or the actual mechanism for realizing these improvements. Various models for estimating operating, maintenance, and fleet cost savings have been developed. These are then calibrated using data from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Also presented are example application of the models in either areas including cost savings from subsystem improvements and life cycle cost comparisons for making decisions to rebuild or buy new cars. While the models have been developed on the basis of performance related to unscheduled maintenance, they can be extended to include scheduled maintenance. It is cautioned that the results from the calibrated models should not be extrapolated to other transit authorities without a close examination for conformity. Althouth the models have been developed for rail transit, they can be adapted for use in the bus industry, for automated small vehicle systems, or for other types of transit systems. KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintainability KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Mathematical models KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Performance analysis KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reliability KW - Vehicle components KW - Vehicle design KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201136 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387693 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DULUTH VARIABLE WORK HOURS/TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT DEMONSTRATION PY - 1984/04 SP - 140 p. AB - This report describes the evaluation results of the Duluth Variable Work Hours/Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration. The demonstration project was intended to reduce severe peaks in demand on the bus routes of the Duluth Transit Authority (DTA). It was anticipated that these reductions in peaking would result in either in either reduced operating costs for the DTA or an improved level of service for DTA passengers. The project combined two major elements--a Variable work hours program, intended to increase work schedule flexibility, and a differential peak-offpeak pricing component to encourage temporal shifts in transit demand. The pricing component was implemented through regular and discounted peak-restricted monthly passes. The program was unsuccessful in achieving its goals for serveral reasons. Variable work hours programs were universally rejected by employers, first because they did not perceive a peak congestion problem in Duluth, and second because they were concerned that union labor might demand continuation of variable work hours even if a trial program had unacceptable impacts on their business. Pass sales were relatively small, and the time restrictions and peak-offpeak pass price differentials were not effective in inducing shifts in travel behavior even among the small group of pass buyers. Only very small impacts could be attributed to the demonstration, while the revenue sacrificed to pass buyers was significant. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Employers KW - Fares KW - Minnesota KW - Passes KW - Peak periods KW - Staggered work hours KW - Travel demand KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201126 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462007 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF TRANSPAC 84. THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED PROPULSION AND CONTROL FOR URBAN TRANSIT, MARCH 4-7, 1984 PY - 1984/03 SP - 462 p. AB - This report documents the final proceedings of TRANSPAC '84, the Second International Symposium on Advanced Propulsion and Control for Urban Transit, held on March 4-7, 1984, in Baltimore, Maryland. The proceedings contain the complete collection of papers that were presented (on rail, bus, new technology) as well as transcriptions of the symposium panel sessions. The proceedings include presentations by both transit operators and equipment suppliers. TRANSPAC '84 expanded the scope of the initial symposium (February 1980, Washington, D.C.) to include, in addition to advanced propulsion and control for fixed guideway, urban transit bus propulsion subsystems. The purpose was to provide a forum to present and discuss the latest developments and applications of propulsion technology and vehicular control in all forms of urban transit. The symposium established a natural forum that emphasized technological content and operational issues. The speakers de-emphasized specific product marketing in their presentations and panel discussions, relegating the marketing aspect to the exhibit area. In general, the symposium addressed the following subject areas: Innovations in Transit Technology; Operational Experience--Rail; Operational Experience--Bus; Transit EMI/EMC; Advanced Signalling and Control; Energy Recovery Technology; Innovative Propulsion Systems; Alternative Fuels; A.C. and D.C. Advanced Propulsion Systems; and Diesel Engine Improvements. This document also provides a list of attendees. KW - Advanced systems KW - Alternate fuels KW - Automated vehicle control KW - Conferences KW - Energy conservation KW - Fixed-guideway transit KW - Intelligent transportation systems KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Rapid transit KW - Signaling KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389407 AU - Ostroff, H AU - Multiplications, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - American Public Transit Association AU - North Carolina Department of Transportation TI - AN APPROACH FOR MICROCOMPUTER NEEDS ANALYSIS: GREATER PORTLAND TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1984/03 SP - 42 p. AB - Portland Metro, public transit agency for Portland, Me., has 43 vehicles and 73 employees. Transit properties of this size are now acquiring computers for various purposes. Recognizing this trend, UMTA awarded Metro a Section 6 grant to acquire a small computer and package software. Several new applications were first developed for Metro's existing PDP-8 computer already used for accounting and word processing. Metro then acquired an Apple II Plus with software for the following applications: Cross tabulation of operator run numbers and times for payroll preparation; labor distribution to interface between payroll and general ledger; route/revenue analysis; route mileage calculations; budget projections. This report hs the follwoing chapters: Introduction; each application area for which use of a computer was considered; presentation of a general hardware configuration recommended for Metro; development of a computer system at Metro. Two important elements in discussion of the plan are general recommendations for package software and suggested phase of implementation. KW - Accounting KW - Bus routes KW - Computer programs KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Medium sized cities KW - Minicomputers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Portland (Maine) KW - Software KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205466 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468400 AU - Burggraf, S P AU - Florida A&M University, Tallahassee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS FOR THE SOUTHEAST. INTERIM REPORT PY - 1984/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This report examines the economic structure of the southeastern region and analyzes the linkages between public capital such as transit system and economic development prospects for the region. It takes a very general approach in looking at national demographics, international economic trends, and technological developments as well as regional conditions in an attempt to put the transportation needs of regional economic development into the broadest possible perspective. KW - Atlantic Coast (United States) KW - Demographics KW - Economic development KW - Public transit KW - Regional economics KW - Regional transportation KW - Southeastern United States KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279357 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392843 AU - Price, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERSECTION ANALYSIS USERS' GUIDE PY - 1984/03 SP - 157 p. AB - Traffic assignment with intersection analysis is a highway transportation planning tool which permits treatment of delays due to congestion at intersections in far greater detail than is possible with conventional traffic assignment techniques. Consequently, it greatly increases the range of problems which can be studied within the context of traffic assignment. Intersection Analysis operates as a submodel within the UTPS highway traffic assignment program UROAD. Intersections for detailed assignment treatment are identified by the program user; additional data describing the geometry and functional characteristics of these intersections are input to the program. The Intersection Analysis Users' Guide presents a rational for traffic assignment at the micro level, a detailed theoretical development of the delay algorithms, a complete description of required coding procedures, and a set of illustrative examples. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stops KW - Computer programs KW - Intersections KW - Location KW - Parking regulations KW - Parking restrictions KW - Traffic control KW - Traffic signals UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207829 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392885 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION--SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK PY - 1984/03 SP - 185 p. AB - This document contains information pertaining to: (1) Microcomputer references and training and; (2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. KW - Computer programs KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207859 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392892 AU - Huang, Y F AU - Uhran, J J AU - Jacobsen, R S AU - Notre Dame University AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 9. ICE FORMATION PRECURSOR RESEARCH PY - 1984/03 SP - 98 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program. The objective of the program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report presents results on detection of the initial formation of ice or frost on the third rail of transit rail systems. The study involves the measurement of the noise component of the electric current to the transit vehicle. These measurements would occur prior to frost formation and enable operators and other system personnel to prepare for the effects of this environmental change. This report includes a discussion of laboratory data and its analysis using fast fourier transform techniques; and data obtained at the Vought Corporation 18 ft. rotating drum facility, which represents a first scale-up attempt to an operational detector. KW - Cold weather KW - Detectors KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Icing KW - Operations KW - Rapid transit KW - Test facilities KW - Third rail KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207866 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391607 AU - Daskin, M S AU - Schofer, J L AU - Haghani, A E AU - Northwestern University, Evanston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN OPTIMIZATION-BASED MODEL FOR DESIGNING AND EVALUATING TRANSIT FARE POLICIES PY - 1984/03 SP - 202 p. AB - To support transit agencies in the design and evaluation of more efficient and more equitable fare structures, an optimization-based model system has been developed and implemented on a microcomputer. This system seeks distance-based fares in the form: FIXED CHARGE plus (MILEAGE CHARGE) (trip distance) plus (TRANSFER CHARGE) (number of transfers). It maximizes estimated revenues subject to a minimum ridership constraint and constraints on the attributes of the fare structure. The latter provides the user with considerable control over the structure of the optimal fare, such that distance-based, zone, and flat fare schemes can be designed and tested. Required inputs include zone-to-zone trip tables, trip distances, number of transfers, initial fare structure, and system-wide price elasticity. Outputs include revenue, ridership, fare structure, and changes in key evaluation measures relative to the base case. If data permit, analyses can be conducted by market segments to develop diffential fares. This model can be used to search for fare schemes meeting user-specified requirements, to perform sensitivity studies of fare characteristics, and to test user supplied price structures. The model is implemented on the IBM Personal Computer and is highly interactive. Associated software supports data coding, output plotting on a dot matrix printer, and user training. KW - Distance based fares KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Fares KW - Mathematical models KW - Microcomputers KW - Optimization KW - Pricing KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Transfers KW - Zone fares UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206929 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389759 AU - Lede, N W AU - Cooper, L C AU - Thompson, L AU - Wade, D A AU - Texas Southern University, Houston AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROJECT TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF PATRONAGE FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT AMONG SPECIAIIZED GROUPS: PHASE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984/03 SP - 6 p. AB - This project focuses on transit management as it relates to marketing to the transportation disadvantaged. It is designed to stimulate ridership and to improve the image of public transit generally through a marketing program tailored to the needs of special users. The objectives of the project are: (1) To examine existing marketing techniques in urban areas which are potentially applicable to increasing public transit ridership and revenues; (2) to analyze, through market research, the mobility wants, needs, and preferences of disadvantaged groups and potential users; (3) to develop techniques for increasing The measurable ridership and public awareness among special users, namely the transportation disadvantaged; and (4) to assess the impact of these marketing techniques and to develop data that will provide specific guidance to transit professionals for effectively incorporating marketing into planning and decision-making. This study was designed to increase the level of public transit patronage among special user groups in the Houston, Texas Metropolitan Area. The first phase of the project entailed assessing community needs for the elderly, handicapped, poor, minority groups, and youth. Based on the inventory of needs and the demographic characteristics of these special user groups, the findings of other studies, and transit-related information from a representative sample of community agencies and groups, a marketing/education plan to promote public transit ridership will be developed. This latter task will comprise the second phase of the project. Therefore, objectives one and two were completed during Phase I of this study and documented in this report and objectives three and four will be completed during Phase II of the project. KW - Aged KW - Demographics KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Young adults UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205693 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389386 AU - Abrams-Cherwony and Associates AU - Nassau County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MSBA ROUTE ANALYSIS STUDY PY - 1984/03 SP - 313 p. AB - Since the changeover from private to public ownership and the acquisition of private operators' assets (1970s), Nassau County has witnessed improvements in bus transportation in terms of quantity and quality of service provided to residents. To maintain this momentum and respond to future changes, the Nassau County Planning Department embarked on an examination of bus service provided by the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA) in order to formulate a 5-year transit development plan. This report represents the culmination of an intensive planning analysis of MSBA in meeting current and future mobility needs of the County residents. Accompanying this plan is a capital improvement program and a financial resources plan necessary to implement service, facility and equipment recommendations. Throughout the study, dialogue was held with MSBA staff and documented in interim reports so as to serve as a discussion guide for the project. The study began with a review of the County in terms of demographic characteristics, employment, activity centers, and land land use. To assess financial performance, each route and service was analyzed separately and is presented in this report. Results provided guidance in developing route proposals to enhance performance. A detailed set of service standards are presented that reflect the perspective of the riders, operators, and community toward public transportation. Actions required to remedy current service deficiencies as well as to exploit opportunities in the future are identified. The 5-year Recommended Service Plan, the Capital Improvement Program, and the Financial Plan represent prior actions to improve and expand bus service in Nassau County. KW - Bus routes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Capital KW - Forecasting KW - Level of service KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - New York (State) KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Policy KW - Quality of service KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205455 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387692 AU - Phillips, R O AU - Wilson Hill Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AUTOMATED TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ATIS) TECHNOLOGY PY - 1984/03 SP - 154 p. AB - This report is the final product of a program to assess the socio-economic impacts of automated transit information system (ATIS) technology deployments on the transit industry's telephone information/marketing function. In the course of this program, three separate deployment were evaluated: The Computerized Customer Information System (CCIS) at the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in Los Angeles; the Automated Information Directory System (AIDS) at the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA); and the Transit Information Computer (TIC) at the Metroplitan Transit Commission (MTC) in Minneapolis-St. Paul, which was not part of the UMTA ATIS program. Results of the SCRTD and WMATA evaluations are documented in three companion reports to this volume. The smaller-scale MTC evaluation is documented in Appendix C of this volume. The purpose of this report is to present common developmental and operational problems encountered at these three deployments for the general information of other transit authorities across the nation that might be interested in assessing the potential of ATIS implementation to improve their telephone information/marketing capabilities. KW - Information processing KW - Marketing KW - Metropolitan Transit Commission (Minnesota) KW - Operations KW - Passenger information systems KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Telephone KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386948 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EASYRIDE: SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN NEW YORK CITY (PHASE II REPORT) PY - 1984/03 SP - 100 p. AB - The EASYRIDE demonstration involved a door-to-door specialized transportation system which served elderly and handicapped residents of the Lower East and West Sides of Manhattan. The demonstration, operated under the auspices of the non-profit Vera Institute of Justice, began in June 1977, and ran through March 1982. This final report covers the period from July 1979 through the end of the demonstration. During the course of the demonstration, EASYRIDE evolved into an 18-vehicle operation providing as many as 7300 trips per month. EASYRIDE successfully secured a broad array of grants, service contracts, and private contributions for a total revenue base in excess of $800,000 per year. In developing this mix of funding, EASYRIDE was able to offer a multi-purpose service with minimal restrictions on "mixing" riders. During the period covered by this report, EASYRIDE instituted three major changes: 1) In May 1980 EASYRIDE installed two-way radios in all vehicles; this contributed to improved productivity through the reduction of deadheading and vehicle dead time. 2) In the summer of 1980 EASYRIDE automated much of its record-keeping and scheduling procedures, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of these processes. 3) Finally, in the Fall of that year EASYRIDE expanded its service area into the Lower West Side of Manhattan, thereby increasing its overall ridership substantially. Following these changes, EASYRIDE's cost per trip dropped significantly: the average figure for the fiscal year preceding the improvements (1979-80) was $15.36 per trip, while the subsequent year's average figure was $12.36 per trip. The average cost per trip for the final three years was $12.84. The average monthly ridership for the three-year period was 5704; nearly 18% of these trips originated in the West Side, 73% in the East Side, and the remainder in other parts of New York City. The average productivity for the first year of the report period was under 3.8 trips per driver hour; this improved to over 5.0 in the last year. Over the course of the demonstration, EASYRIDE provided a high quality--though rather high cost--specialized services that was valued highly by users, community groups, funding agencies, and city officials. As the demonstration ended, EASYRIDE was making renewed efforts to secure new sources of funding so as to continue to provide this service. KW - Aged KW - Dispatching KW - Information processing KW - New York (New York) KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387969 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK, MARCH 1984 PY - 1984/03 SP - 165 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) Microcomputer references and training and; 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. KW - Computer programs KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Traffic engineering KW - Training KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205010 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387981 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Seattle, City of, Washington TI - DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE DOWNTOWN SEATTLE TRANSIT PROJECT PY - 1984/03 SP - n.p. AB - The environmental impact statement evaluates proposed solutions to transit congestion in the Seattle Central Business District. In addition to discussing existing conditions and 1990 "No-Action" conditions, four basic "action" alternatives (some of which have several options) are addressed: two Transportation System Management options, one Nonintercept Mall option, six Mall with transit Center options, and three Tunnel options. The document describes these alternatives and evaluates the probable social, economic and physical environmental impacts associated with the project. A Metro Council preferred alternative for preliminary engineering consisting of an electric-only transit tunnel with a circulation system and surface improvements is also described. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Busways KW - Central business districts KW - Environmental impacts KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transit mails KW - Transit malls KW - Transportation system management KW - Tunnels KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (State) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208729 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386311 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - ENGELSTEIN, I AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - METHODS FOR MAINTAINING TRANSIT SERVICE REGULARITY PY - 1984/03 SP - 162 p. AB - This report describes the development of methods for transit planning departments and street supervisors to employ for maintaining service regularity (reliability) through improved scheduling and real-time control. An interest in developing methods which are representative, easy to use and cost-effective were important factors governing the research design. The research findings include both individual and collective issues which impact service reliability. The resulting information is integrated into a decision methodology which can be used to improve service reliability through the implementation of real-time holding strategies. A mechanism is also provided by which the transit manager can directly utilize the methodology to address current reliability problems. Tests conducted using the methodology indicate that it has considerable potential in improving bus route operations and passenger level of service. This is seen as being particularly important in these times of reduced subsidies for transit operations. KW - Bus routes KW - Dispatching KW - Headways KW - Line supervision KW - Microcomputers KW - Operating strategies KW - Quality of service KW - Reliability KW - Running time KW - Scheduling KW - Supervision KW - Traffic delays KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200096 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386391 AU - Phillips, R O AU - Hill (Wilson) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CCIS EXPERIMENT: COMPARING TRANSIT INFORMATION RETRIEVAL MODES AT THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT PY - 1984/03 SP - 112 p. AB - This report documents the results of a controlled experiment performed in the Telephone Information Section of the Marketing Department at the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) in Los Angeles. The Telephone Information Section is the site of a prototype deployment of automated transit information systems (ATIS) technology known as the Computerized Customer Information System (CCIS). Through CCIS, the SCRTD hopes to (1) reduce the cost of providing telephone information; (2) increase telephone information productivity and (3) improve the level of service provided by the information agents. A controlled experiment was designed and implemented to measure differences in productivity and response accuracy between information agents using automated and manual retrieval methods. In the course of the experiment, a predetermined set of 36 itinerary-type transit information questions was asked to each of nine test agents. Analysis of the results showed that statistically significant differences in performance were discernible among agents of varying skill/experience levels and between retrieval modes. It was concluded that CCIS is indeed a viable alternative to manual information retrieval methods and has potential for further application in transit telephone information operations. KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger information systems KW - Productivity KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Telephone KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200145 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386306 AU - Cutler, M R AU - Potter, R F AU - Dynatrend, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICE IN TRANSIT PY - 1984/02 SP - n.p. AB - This report analyzes the effectiveness of telephone information services provided by public transit authorities in the United States. The report is based primarily on the results of fifteen case studies conducted at diverse transit authorities, as well as a literature search. The following technologies are examined: 1) microfiche and computerized methods of data retrieval; 2) automatic-call-distributor equipment with management information system (MIS) capability; and 3) computerized rider information systems (CRIS). In addition, institutional and labor issues involved in the provision of telephone information service are discussed. The report provides both an issue-by-issue analysis as well as a description of how each case study site provides telephone information, including performance measurements, costs, and benefits. A draft of this report was reviewed by each case study site which provided primary data, and by the Transportation Systems Center and Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Their comments have been incorporated into the final report in a manner which ensures that the objectivity of the assessment is not compromised. KW - Case studies KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Institutional issues KW - Labor relations KW - Marketing KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger information systems KW - Public opinion KW - Telephone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201555 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386397 AU - Harmon (Robert J) and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - MIAMI'S DOWNTOWN COMPONENT OF METRORAIL: PUBLIC-PRIVATE COVENTURE FINANCING USING A SPECIAL ASSESSMENT DISTRICT PY - 1984/02 SP - v.p. AB - This case study documents the chronological events, key issues, technical analyses and basis of resolution that led to the concensus decision to provide private-sector financial support for the Miami Downtown Component of Metrorail (DCM) Project. This process was initiated when UMTA indicated that DCM could receive federal capital support only if local officials could develop a "full funding" program that included evidence of major financial support from the downtown business community. Key elements of the funding program agreed upon are: (1) Creation of a non-ad valorem special assessment district in the Miami central business district to service a $20 million municipal bond issue; (2) Support for the County to utilize leverage leasing, connector fees and shared station costs to procure further private-sector support; (3) Decision that remaining capital funding be met through dedication of Miami CBD's share of tax increment financing revenues. The support proved pivotal in securing $64 million in capital funding from UMTA. The Miami DCM will encourage downtown development and link the entire CBD. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capital KW - Capital funding KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Leasing KW - Miami (Florida) KW - People movers KW - Private enterprise KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201559 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467986 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS. UTPS CASE STUDY PY - 1984/02 SP - v.p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Case studies KW - Mathematical models KW - Modal split KW - Models KW - Systems analysis KW - Transportation KW - Transportation system analysis KW - Trip generation KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281660 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394471 AU - Delaware Administration for Regional Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DELAWARE ADMINISTRATION FOR REGIONAL TRANSIT RIDERSHIP AND ROUTE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS PY - 1984/02 SP - n.p. AB - In the fall of 1982, the Delaware Administration for Regional Transit (DART) conducted a ridership and route performance study of its system. The study objectives were: 1) to collect, update, and analyze ridership and operations data as part of DART's service evaluation process; 2) to diagnose problems in the area of routes and schedules and provide improvements and solutions based upon the ridership and operations data collected; and 3) to update and refine a ridership database from which to continue operationally oriented transit system management activities essential to short and long term service planning. The objectives have been accomplished and DART now has a valid database on the post-1981 transit system. Information will be continuously updated and used; it provides DART with management information on which to base recommendations and decisions. KW - Bus routes KW - Data collection KW - Databases KW - Delaware KW - Management information systems KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Scheduling KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/215896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392942 AU - Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle-METRO AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT: FUEL CONVERSATION IN THE TRANSIT REVENUE FLEET PY - 1984/02 SP - 41 p. AB - This brief report is a practical guide for maintenance managers and planners responsible for reducing fuel consumption and addressing cost-efficiency issues. The manual discusses a wide array of steps which can be taken to produce modest to significant savings. The report discusses four areas of savings including the development of a fuel-conservation program, maintenance and equipment strategies, operations strategies, and procurement strategies. The manual offers enough suggestions that a transit system of any size should be able to implement some of the ideas and begin to benefit from its savings. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Energy conservation KW - Fuel conservation KW - Fuel consumption KW - Rapid transit KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207899 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391609 AU - FRUIN, J J AU - Guha, D K AU - MARSHALL, R F AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PEDESTRIAN FALLING ACCIDENTS IN TRANSIT TERMINALS PY - 1984/02 SP - 118 p. AB - Falls are the second leading cause of accidental injury in the U.S. Based on reports to the Federal Railroad Administration, the rail transit industry carried 7.25 billion passengers (1976-1980) and these patrons experienced about 10,000 station falls. This study investigates the problem of falling accidents in transit stations including the implications that go beyond the injuries sustained by victims. This report examines one system and consists of: 1) a review of human factors related to the design of pedestrian facilities and mechanics of falling; 2) development and analysis of a database on transit patron falling accidents in stations to establish the characteristics of victim and accident relationships for various types of pedestrian facilities; 3) a review of industry risk and claims management practices and costs of falls; 4) development of recommended design and operating practices to reduce falls; and 5) summary of the proceedings of a special industry workshop addressing the falling accident problem. Based on this study, accident reports in one system show alcohol involvement in 29 percent of all falls and 55 percent of male falls where an ambulance was called. Off-peak incident rates were higher; P.M. peak was higher than A.M. Most falls were due to personal factors. Station falls cost the industry an estimated $1.7 million annually in claims settlements. Study also shows that high industry standards of design and maintenance result in lower incident rates and settlements than the general experience. Design improvements are warranted to reduce incident rates, severity, and claims. A workshop seminar involving industry representatives indicated support for a uniform industry reporting form and the use of media campaigns to encourage safe practices to avoid falls. KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Fall KW - Human factors KW - Injuries KW - Insurance claims KW - Loss and damage claims KW - Passenger safety KW - Passengers KW - Pedestrians KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Risk management KW - Safety KW - Transportation safety KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/34000/34200/34281/DOT-TSC-UMTA-84-36.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206931 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389357 AU - Bladikas, A K AU - Crowell, W H AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACTS FROM THE REDUCTION OF FEDERAL OPERATING ASSISTANCE FOR TRANSIT USING SECTION 15 DATA PY - 1984/02 SP - 122 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to investigate the impacts on transit operations from the reduction or elimination of Federal operating assistance. Fare increases, service reductions, or both are considered and their impacts on fares, ridership and operating costs are predicted through an interative, computer-based methodology. The major findings are that the reduction or elimination of Federal aid will produce more severe impacts, as measured by the percent of lost ridership, on the small systems. In addition, each system should attempt to recover its lost aid through strategies that combine fare increases with service reduction, except for some extreme cases. The numerical results presented should be considered as upper bounds rather than actual impacts, since better marketing, pricing innovations, increased local assistance and other methods of recovering lost Federal aid were not considered. KW - Elasticity (Economics) KW - Fares KW - Federal government KW - Level of service KW - Operating strategies KW - Ridership KW - Service discontinuance KW - Subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205435 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387672 AU - ELKINS, J A AU - Analytic Sciences Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALGORITHMS AND PARAMETRIC STUDIES FOR ASSESSING EFFECTS OF TWO-POINT CONTACT PY - 1984/02 SP - 27 p. AB - This report describes analyses conducted to assess the effects of two-point wheel rail contact on a single wheel on the prediction of wheel-rail forces, and for including these effects in a computer program for predicting curving behavior of rail vehicles. This condition exists for conventional wheel profiles when the wheel is in flange contact with one point of contact being on the tread and the second on the flange. The condition also exists and is particularly significant when conventional wheels come into flange contact or a restraining rail is used to prevent flange contact. The analytical approaches in current use are reviewed and the predictions of computer programs using these approaches are compared to data obtained in recent tests conducted on track of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority in Washington, D.C. The analyses are incorporated into computational algorithms and a computer program for predicting wheel rail forces in curve negotiation. The program is applied to development of curving force predictions for a typical transit car operating over track with and without restraining rail. This work has indicated that significant reductions in wheel-rail wear and train resistance in curves would probably be available from wheel profiles which give only a single point of contact with the rail. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Computer programs KW - Flanges KW - Force KW - Guardrails KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Restraining rails KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wheel flange forces KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201111 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386301 AU - JONES, P S AU - Shaw, J G AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MORGANTOWN PEOPLE MOVER PHASE II IMPACT ASSESSMENT PY - 1984/02 SP - 190 p. AB - This report describes an assessment of the Morgantown People Mover (MPM) system, which is an automated guideway transit system extending over 5,300 meters (3.3 miles) of double lane guideway, connecting West Virginia University's downtown campus with three complexes on its new Evansdale Campus and with the Morgantown central business district. It provides demand responsive, non-stop service between any two of the five stations in small, 21-passenger automated vehicles. The objectives of the Phase II Impact Assessment is to measure and assess: 1) the contributions that the Phase II MPM has made to travel and mobility in the Morgantown ares; 2) the impact that the Phase II MPM has had on business and life in the community; and 3) the impact of the MPM construction activities on business and life in the community. The vehicles of the MPM are managed by a central computer system that maintains a vehicle inventory at each station and releases vehicles for use on demand. The study finds that the MPM technology is a technical success. The vehicles perform as designed with a high degree of reliability. They satisfy service demands with few delays. Most technical problems that do occur are handled promptly and with only minor delays to passengers. The MPM carried almost three million passengers during the first full year of operation, attracting nearly fifty percent of those travelers who could conveniently use the service. The report points out that the MPM is more reliable than the bus system it replaced, but on the other hand, waiting times for buses were shorter and the wait more comfortable, and the bus operating costs were only one-third of the MPM operating costs. Students are by far the heaviest users of the system. Both users and non-users have a high opinion of the system. Users, however, uniformly object to the waiting times, which are perceived to be unacceptably long. Because of the inefficiency of dispatching vehicles to meet each individual trip request, a vehicle is delayed in filling a demand for five minutes or until fifteen passengers have requested service between the same origin and destination stations. Although esteemed by all resident groups in Morgantown, the MPM's commercial success must be judged marginal. Its service is slightly better than the buses that it replaced and its impacts on the local economy have been marginal. The authors point out that the marginal benefits fall for short of justifying the MPM's high capital and operating costs. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Central business districts KW - Dispatching KW - Economic analysis KW - Impact studies KW - Mobility KW - Mode choice KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Operating costs KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Quality of service KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Universities and colleges KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384915 AU - Nene, V D AU - Transtech International, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1984/02 SP - 430 p. AB - The energy consumption of BART transit cars was measured with and without regeneration during the period 25 August-2 September 1981. The test data was then compared with the predictions of different energy management models currently in use for transit system studies. This report presents the results of this comparative evaluation of these models. The test plan, the instrumentation plan, the data reduction requirement, and the test data are first presented. Different energy management models are than discussed and the respective predictions are compared with the test data. Fianally, the input data used by the models including the BART system and vehicle parameters, the operating conditions during test runs, etc., are detailed in separate Appendices A through D. KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Computer programs KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electric power supply KW - Energy consumption KW - Instrumentation KW - Operating strategies KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Regenerative braking KW - San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District KW - Testing KW - Train operations KW - Train performance calculator KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382585 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Driscoll, M AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUBLIC TRANSIT PROMOTION PY - 1984/02 SP - 57 p. AB - Public transit properties, often with federal support, have been experimenting with promotional activities to improve their public image and the level of service offered. This paper describes the findings from a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various promotional techniques under a wide range of operating conditions. The research results are segmented into the following three categories: 1) promotional fares, 2) special services and 3) advertising, community relations and public information. Each of these categories is further divided into the institutional, operational and economic issues involved in the promotional technique. Although some transferable results are reported, the most important finding is the lack of systematic planning and evaluation of promotional instruments in the transit industry, making it difficult to assess the value of implementation. This is particularly true in the areas of advertising, public information and community relations. The sources of this problem are discussed and suggestions are made to improve future applications of promotional instruments. KW - Advertising KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Communities KW - Effectiveness KW - Fares KW - Management KW - Marketing KW - Measures of effectiveness KW - Passenger information systems KW - Pricing KW - Public relations KW - Publicity KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01593523 AU - Fielding, Gordon J AU - Brenner, Mary E AU - de la Rocha, Olivia AU - Babitsky, Timlynn T AU - Faust, Katherine AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Indicators and Peer Groups for Transit Performance Analysis PY - 1984/01//Final Report SP - 184p AB - Data from the second year (1979-80) of the Section 15 statistics are used, first to test the validity of a small set of performance indicators for fixed-route bus operations, and second to define relatively homogeneous groups of operators (peer groups) that can be compared. Agencies operating 304 bus systems are included. Rail operations were excluded, as were exclusive, demand-responsive operations. The second year data are both more complete and accurate than that reported for the inaugural year. However, data from the magnetic tape had to be reorganized before it could be used with any of the major statistical software packages. A large set of performance variables are analyzed with factor analysis to establish seven dimensions of transit performance. Seven marker indicators were chosen rather than the nine proposed in previous research. Cluster analysis is used to create a typology for transit based upon characteristics of operations that are available in the Section 15 statistics. Agency size (measured by total vehicle miles and number of peak vehicles operated), peak to base demand and average bus speed are used to create 12 peer groups. Results from this research confirm the validity of using a small set of indicators to represent dimensions of transit performance. They will also allow meaningful comparisons between similar systems. KW - Bus transit KW - Cluster analysis KW - Peer groups KW - Performance indicators KW - Performance measurement KW - Transit operating agencies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56439/indicatorspeerg1100inst_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1396279 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00450496 AU - Ayele, M AU - Byun, J AU - Morgan State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERSONAL, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND OTHER FACTORS IN RIDESHARING PROGRAMS PY - 1984/01 SP - 116 p. AB - An in-depth investigation of the ridesharing program in the Baltimore and suburban Washington, D.C. areas was needed in light of the apparent difficulty in increasing ridership on the existing ridesharing programs. Many of the studies done on ridesharing suggest that social, psychological and other personal factors may influence ridesharing as much as economic factors such as saving gasoline. To understand personal, social, psychological and other factors affecting ridesharing programs, the "Ridesharer Survey" was designed and administered. The analysis of this survey was performed from two different aspects. One involved general statistics. Here, all the rideshareers were considered as one group and their general characteristics were analyzed. The other was a comparative statistical analysis in which ridesharers were grouped into different categories, such as by income, age, sex, marital status and race, etc. and their statistics were compared to determine how these variables affect ridesharing. An "Agency Survey" was performed to study in a systematic way the reasons for varying levels of effectiveness of ridesharing programs offered by different organizations. The objectives of the agency based survey were to find: 1) the relationship between employee size and the number of employees engaged in ridesharing programs; 2) the role of the Vango program in Maryland; and 3) the effectiveness of specific incentives offered by various agencies. The incentives included were: 1) free parking; 2) preferential parking; and 3) subsidies for ridesharers. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Data collection KW - Human factors KW - Ost university research KW - Paratransit services KW - Psychological aspects KW - Ridesharing KW - Statistical analysis KW - Suburbs KW - Surveys KW - U.S. Department of Transportation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5571/756a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266155 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387674 AU - Green (Del) Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USE OF VOLUNTEERS IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PERSONS PY - 1984/01 SP - 141 p. AB - The special transportation needs of older Americans which have come to be recognized in recent years will continue in the next century. This report is a descriptive analysis of a variety of volunteer programs which provide transportation to elderly and disabled persons. By examining 13 such programs, it was possible to understand and describe how such programs operate, what clients they serve, what volunteers they utilized and how the volunteers were recruited. Most volunteer programs are organized as either a nonprofit organization or as a government unit. Transportation is generally provided to some or all of the following: Medical facilities, nutrition centers, senior centers, social service agencies, and schools. Most volunteer transportation services are available only on weekdays and clients must request service at least 24 hours in advance. Vehicles are generally owned by the individuals who serve as drivers and are compensated for the fuel they consume. Extraordinary liability insurance must be provided. About two thirds of the drivers are male and are retired persons. Most perform the work because of the satisfaction they receive in helping others. A series of recommendations are made. KW - Aged KW - Drivers KW - Institutional issues KW - Liability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Volunteers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56649/useofvolunteers8402delg_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201112 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384664 AU - North Central Texas Council of Governments AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Energy TI - LOCAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TRANSPORTATION FUEL CONSUMPTION. PART I: DERIVATION OF PROCEDURE. PART II: PLANNING MANUAL PY - 1984/01 SP - v.p. AB - This manual provides a tool for planners at the local level to use in assessing the localized economic impacts of transportation fuel price changes. The publication is divided in two parts: Derivation of Procedure and Planning Manual. A change in the price of gasoline can be expected to have an impact on the local economy of an urban area. In order to trace such impacts and to institutionalize analyses of this type, the North Central Texas Council of Governments studied the application of an input-output, or inter-industry, model to the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Economic impacts of transportation energy expenditures are both direct and indirect. Chapters in Part I: Overview of Procedures; Energy Efficiency and Price Scenarios; Sector Energy Consumption; Consumer Price Index Changes; Total Economic Impacts; Suggestions for Use of Manual. The chapters in Part II: Introduction; Energy Efficiency and Price Scenarios; Sector Energy Consumption--Households; Sector Energy Assumption--Trucks; Resulting Changes and Impacts; Summary. It is concluded that by evaluating the changes in household and trucking expenditures from proposed scenarios a great deal can be learned about the effects of policy/engineering decisions in energy economics. One finding: Future energy prices and inadequate fuel efficiency improvements for the truck fleet will lead to a significant increase in household expenditures due to higher trucking costs. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Costs KW - Economic analysis KW - Energy consumption KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy expenditures KW - Energy resources KW - Forecasting KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Households KW - Income KW - Modal split KW - Motor carriers KW - Regional planning KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201527 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00455200 AU - San Antonio Department of Planning AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN SAN ANTONIO SUBAREA TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PY - 1984/01 SP - 165 p. AB - To meet the challenge of urban growth and commuter increase, downtown officials in San Antonio articulated the need to develop a transportation circulation plan for the downtown area. The Tri Party Downtown Transportation Initiative was established to serve as the central committee to meet this growing concern. A major objective of this 1983 Downtown Subarea Transportation Improvement Study (Phase 2) was to update critical transportation elements within the area and conduct a transportation survey of downtown employees/employers. The survey was intended to identify commuter travel patterns and low cost transportation strategies. The four chapters in this report address the following: 1) CBD land use, employment, and parking; 2) CBD traffic update; 3) Downtown transportation survey; and 4) Recommended transportation system management strategies. KW - Central business districts KW - Employment KW - Land use KW - Parking KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Traffic flow KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/268158 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395217 AU - Byun, J AU - Morgan State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL, SOCIAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND OTHER FACTORS IN RIDESHARING PROGRAMS PY - 1984/01 SP - 112 p. AB - An in-depth investigation of the ridesharing programs in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. areas was needed in light of the apparent difficulty in increasing ridership on the existing ridesharing programs. Many of the studies done on ridesharing suggest that social psychological and other personal factors may influence ridesharing as much as economic factors such as saving gasoline. To understand personal, social, psychological and other factors affecting ridesharing programs, the "Ridesharer Survey" was designed and administered. The analysis of this survey was performed from two different aspects. One involved general statistics. Here, all the ridesharers were considered as one group and their general characteristics were analyzed. The other was a comparative statistical analysis in which ridesharers were grouped into different categories, such as by income, age, sex, marital status and race etc., and their statistics were compared to determine how these variables affect ridesharing. An "Agency Survey" was performed to study in a systematic way the reasons for varying levels of effectiveness of ridesharing programs offered by different organizations. The objectives of the agency based survey were to find: 1) the relationship between employee size and the number of employees engaged in ridesharing programs; 2) the role of the Vango program in Maryland; and 3) the effectiveness of specific incentives offered by various agencies. The incentives included were: 1) free parking; 2) preferential parking; and 3) subsidies for ridesharers. KW - Data collection KW - Human factors KW - Incentives KW - Park and ride KW - Psychological aspects KW - Ridesharing KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Statistical analysis KW - Subsidies KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392891 AU - Kwor, RYC AU - Gajda, W J AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 14. RF (RADIO FREQUENCY) COUPLING TO COMPLEX GEOMETRIC SHAPES PY - 1984/01 SP - 117 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. This report presents theoretical calculations, experimental data and radiation standards for the use of radio frequency (RF) techniques for the melting and removel of ice from transit authorities that operate systems which make use of a third rail for traction power. KW - Cold weather KW - Heating KW - Icing KW - Melting KW - Operations KW - Radio frequency KW - Rapid transit KW - Riado frequency KW - Third rail KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390687 AU - Urbitran Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN BROOKLYN TRAFFIC AND TRANSIT STUDY PY - 1984/01 SP - 165 p. AB - Much of the impetus for this study stems from interest in the redevelopment of Downtown Brooklyn with its impressive infrastructure of subway and bus lines, and underused commuter rail terminals, piers, highway connections, etc. The objective of this study was to improve the surface transportation capacity in the Downtown Brooklyn area in general, and recommend plans to improve traffic flow on the Flatbush Avenue corridor in particular. The study explored both short-range, quickly implementable improvements that could be made at little or no capital cost as well as long-term, capital intensive projects. Emphasis was on finding the least expensive and most implementable Transportation System Management (TSM) strategy to solve problems. Data of the Downtown Brooklyn area was collected and organized to develop the Downtown Brooklyn Transportation Factbook, and to analyze major problems and develop recommendations to solve them. Key problems identified in the area include peak hour congestion on Flatbush Avenue and related access problems to the Central Business District (CBD). Improvements discussed in this report are designed to benefit Downtown Brooklyn in the follwoing ways: reduce traffic congestion; improve access into downtown; improve traffic flow; improve safety; minimize through traffic in residential streets; expedite arterial traffic flow; and create a framework for additional downtown land use development. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus routes KW - Bus stops KW - Central business districts KW - New York (New York) KW - Parking regulations KW - Safety KW - Signalization KW - Traffic congestion KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic signals KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206226 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389756 AU - Gaida, W J AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 12--STUDY OF LASER DEICING PY - 1984/01 SP - 52 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. The program was initially directed to solutions for automated guideway transit system cold weather problems in support of the downtown people mover program (DPM). However, curtailment of the DPM program in November 1980, caused UMTA to redirect the focus of the program to obtain solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. Therefore, the objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report presents theoretical and experimental results regarding the laser melting of ice from transit rails. The objective of this study is to present estimates of the energy requirements to either melt ice from transit rails or establish a thin melt zone at the ice-transit rail interface. The process radiates electromagnetic energy at laser wavelengths to and through an ice layer on a metal substrate and which is absorbed by both the ice and substrate. The results are used to estimate the equipment requirements necessary for implementation of laser deicing techniques. KW - Adsorption KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Electric power collection KW - Electric power generation and transmission KW - Electromagnetic adsorption KW - Electromagnetic devices KW - Lasers KW - Operations KW - Third rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387677 AU - Tomazinis, A R AU - University of Pennsylvania Law School AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY STUDIES ON BEST AND WORST PERFORMANCES OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1984/01 SP - v.p. AB - The objective of this research project is to investigate the variability within a very limited number of performance measures of urban bus transit systems. The performance measures focus on vehicle productivity, on effectiveness of use, on efficiency of operations, on labor productivity, on operating conditions, and on expense allocations. The variability is explored in terms of potential relationships with system's size, the occurrence of consistent "best" and "worst" performances in the field, and with a number of factors that characterize the operational environment within which the systems perform. The project utilizes Section 15 data from "Year Two" files; with advisory use only of data from "Year One" and "Year Three." The findings of the work carried out as part of this research project focus on the following three conclusions: (a) that with a very small number of performance measures (about one dozen) an analyst can accurately diagnose the level of achievements of an urban mass transit system; (b) that in the field there are indeed "best" and "worst" performances with huge differences between "best" and "worst" performance of the system, but on occasion environmental factors do affect system's performance. Significant improvements in system performance are, therefore, feasible in most systems performing well below the performance levels of the best performance in the field. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Operating costs KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance measurement KW - Productivity KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Utilization UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201592 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387666 AU - Tomazins, A R AU - Houston-Galveston Area Council AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GALVESTON ISLAND TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1983--1988 PERFORMANCES OF URBAN BUS TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1984/01 SP - 92 p. AB - In 1974 the City of Galveston Texas, purchased the existing private transportation company and formed Island Transit, a publicly owned transit system providing local bus service to the developed areas of Galveston. Day to day operations are provided by contract agreement with City Coach Lines, Inc. Island Transit owns fifteen 43-passenger GMC coaches and two 1982 Ford vans. All buses are 1976 models, radio equipped, and in good conditions. On-site maintenance facilities are equipped to do routine work and current preventive maintenance programs are excellent. Eight routes serve the densely populated and highly developed east end of Galveston Island. Recent development growth and changing federal funding requirements generated this study to re-examine the role and future of Island Transit. In this report, the system goals established by the City provide guidance for Island Transit, namely: public support for public transportation; mobility for transit dependents; safe, reliable, and informative passenger service as well as amenities such as bus shelters, benches, etc.; and service expansion to newly developed areas. The study scope includes: a review and analysis of existing transit service; an examination of existing and future land use patterns and demographic characteristics; a review and analysis of financial conditions; and development of recommended system and service improvements. The report concludes that all basic ingredients for a viable transit system already exist and improvements can be made without major capital expenditure. All that is needed is a dedicated local commitment to encourage ridership through recommendations made in this report and to provide local match funds necessary to obtain federal dollars. KW - Advanced passenger trains KW - High speed rail KW - Nationalization KW - Ownership KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Subsidence (Geology) KW - Texas KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation disadvantaged persons KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201106 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386949 AU - Chester County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHESTER COUNTY/NEW CASTLE COUNTY TRANSIT SERVICE STUDY PY - 1984/01 SP - 75 p. AB - This report examines the feasibility of establishing regularly scheduled, fixed-route bus service between points in southern Chester County/West Chester, Pennsylvania, with New Castle County/Wilmington, Delaware. The report provides: a history of local transit; inventory of early and existing services and facilities; land use; demographics; trip patterns; legal and jurisdictional implications; and funding sources. Recommendations are made to provide transit service between the two points, mainly through the extension of existing DART service along U.S. Route 202. The Study results confirm the perception that a strong orientation of southern Chester County residents towards the State of Delaware is a continuing event. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Delaware KW - Demographics KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Pennsylvania KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Route extensions KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200617 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387668 AU - Wormley, D N AU - Hedrick, J K AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STABILITY AND CURVING PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND ADVANCED RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1984/01 SP - 348 p. AB - Analytical studies are presented which compare the curving performance and speed capability of conventional rail transit trucks with self steering (cross-braced) and forced steering (linkages between carbody and wheelsets) radial trucks. Truck curving performance is measured in terms of the work performed by the wheel/rail friction forces in the contact zone during curve negotiation. The contact work is used as an indication of wheel and rail wear rates as well as the additional power required to negotiate curves. Truck speed capability is expressed in terms of the maximum operating speed before lateral instability or hunting occurs. The studies are based upon a generalized computational model which is capable of representing conventional and innovative trucks that are currently being considered for implementation. the stability analysis utilizes a linear model while the curving analysis includes the essential nonlinearities associated with wheel/rail profile geometry, wheel/rail friction force saturation and suspension stiffnesses. In addition, the curving analysis includes an accurate description of two-point wheel/rail contact which can occur with common wheel profiles during flanging. Results of the study indicate that for curves greater than 5 deg, forced steering trucks can offer substantial performance improvements in comparison to well designed conventional trucks in terms of work performed during curve negotiation. Also comparison of a new AAR 1/20 wheel profile with a modified Heumann (single point contact) profile indicates that the latter profile can offer substantial performance improvements in terms of reduced work during curve negotiation. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Computer programming KW - Lateral stability KW - Radial trucks KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Suspension systems KW - Tire treads KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheel tread profiles KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386365 AU - Simeone, L F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSIT COACH BONDED BRAKE LINING TEST EQUIPMENT AND TEST PROCEDURES--PROGRESS REPORT PY - 1984/01 SP - 52 p. AB - Bonded brake linings have been introduced in limited quantities at several urban and suburban transit properties. The in-service capabilities of current bonding processes and brake materials are undergoing assessment, and field data on the wear and failure of bonded brake linings is being gathered. To support and complement the field data, laboratory testing is required to investigate bonded lining capabilities and failure modes in depth. Such testing will provide a data base for developing analytical techniques for predicting wear and failure of lining bonds. This report documents the development and progress to date of brake test equipment and procedures for heavy-duty transit coach brakes at the Transportation Systems Center. It presents a description of a heavy-duty dynamometer brake test apparatus and specifies proposed test procedures for an evaluation of bonded brake shoe linings. Although many tests were completed, several of the planned dynamometer tests were discontinued as a result of programmatic changes. The overall objectives of this test effort were to: 1) provide a performance evaluation of heavy duty bonded brake linings; 2) establish the parameters which lead to adhesion or delamination of the bonded linings; and 3) develop a bonded lining failure mode analysis that can establish the potential for lining failure under various operating conditions of speed, load, and temperature. Implicit in the test effort is the development of test procedures and equipment necessary to evaluate the bonded linings. KW - Bonding KW - Brake linings KW - Braking performance KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Dynamometers KW - Performance evaluations KW - Test facilities KW - Test procedures KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382235 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ELECTRONIC REGISTERING FAREBOXES PY - 1984/01 SP - 118 p. AB - This report presents the findings of an evaluation of electronic registering fareboxes in use at four transit systems: Dallas Transit, Phoenix Transit, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, and the Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority of East Meadow, New York. Performance measures were developed to assess farebox accuracy, reliability, maintainability, security and installation and operating costs. Data collected from the transit systems in each of these areas is presented along with discussions of the types of problems which have been experienced with the electronic registering fareboxes to date. This study is one element in an UMTA-sponsored program to achieve more uniform data collection, analysis and reporting among the transit systems and to improve communications about fare collection problems. KW - Accuracy KW - Buses KW - Currency KW - Data collection KW - Electronics KW - Fare collection KW - Fareboxes KW - Maintainability KW - Passenger counting KW - Registers KW - Reliability KW - Security KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198315 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00950607 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SMALL VEHICLE PROCUREMENT WORKSHOP: BUYING SMALL VEHICLES IS A BIG CHORE!. PY - 1984 AB - PRESENTS HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WORKSHOP HELD IN INDIANAPOLIS, IND. KW - Fleet management KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Purchasing KW - Vans KW - Vehicle fleets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/601950 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00935207 AU - Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SANTA BARBARA ELECTRIC BUS PROJECT : PHASE 3C : FISCAL YEAR 1984 PY - 1984 SP - 42, [34] p. AB - This document constitutes an application to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration for a research, development, and demonstration grant to be used by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for Phase 3C of the Santa Barbara Electric Bus Project. It explains the need for additional funding, and gives background information on the project and the completed components of the project to date. The document also discusses the significance of roadway electrification and inductive coupling technology for other applications beyond transit. KW - Electric buses KW - Electromagnetic induction KW - Guided buses UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/725351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00904486 AU - SHAW, L CAROL AU - National Technical Information Service AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Transportation AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TAXICAB REGULATION IN U.S. CITIES. PY - 1984 AB - No abstract provided. KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - United States UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/618480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00771816 AU - Colson, Claude W AU - Boeing Aerospace Company. Automated Transportation Systems AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ADVANCED GROUP RAPID TRANSIT: GUIDEWAY COMMUNICATIONS UNIT DESIGN SUMMARY PY - 1984 SP - 89 p. AB - This report summarizes the design and development of the Guideway Communication Unit (GCU) for the Advanced Group Rapid Transit program. The GCU contains an inductive communication link, a vehicle presence detection system, and magnetic guideway markers. The inductive communication link provides a two-way command and control data path between the wayside and vehicles. This link also provides a fail-safe speed limit to the vehicle. KW - Personal rapid transit KW - Roadway guidance markers KW - Vehicle detectors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/488637 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00640070 AU - Iowa Department of Transportation TI - TRANSIT PLANNING FOR IOWA'S REGIONS AND SMALL URBAN AREAS. TDP PROGRAM MANUAL PY - 1984 SP - v.p. AB - The Transit Development Planning Program (TDP) for Iowa's Regions and Small Urban Areas is designed to foster planning activities which simulate continuing development of the state's public transportation resources. Since 1976, the Iowa Department of Transportation has conducted the program with financial assistance provided from funding programs administered by the U. S. Department of Transportation and local sources provided by participating planning agencies. This manual is intended to provide program participants with an easy-to-use, "how-to" reference guide. Instructions for preparing the application for program assistance, transit development plan guidelines, and much more is contained in this multi-purpose document. KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financial sources KW - Iowa KW - Manuals KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Resource development KW - Transit development plan KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban areas UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/382033 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468402 AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BENEFITS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDED BY THE URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION PY - 1984 SP - 65 p. AB - Presented are the benefits of Research and Development funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration which fall under the following three types: Direct cost savings arising from use of new practices or technologies; Ability to provide superior service without cost increase; and Support for avoiding practices that would increase costs or reduce revenues, and the provisions of procedures for analysis of investment decisions. KW - Benefits KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Development KW - Government funding KW - Quality of service KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279359 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00467988 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION. CAN IT HELP YOUR DOWNTOWN CONGESTION PROBLEM? PY - 1984 SP - 12 p. AB - Transportation Management Organizations (TMOs) can be defined as single-purpose, non-profit corporations by which the business community is responding to the growing pressures of downtown transportation issues. Presented here is a conceptual background on TMOs and other forms of private sector involvement in downtown transportation issues which includes five case studies. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Private enterprise KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation management organization, tmo KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279217 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00472826 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAFETY PLANNING FOR BUS OPERATIONS, WILLIAMSTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS, OCTOBER 31-NOVEMBER 1, 1984 PY - 1984 SP - v.p. AB - This document presents a summary of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's first workshop on bus safety, "Safety Planning for Bus Operations," held in Williamstown, Massachusetts, October 31-November 1, 1984. Topics covered: Section I--Urban Mass Transportation Administration Safety Policy and Programs; Section II--Preliminary Planning for Bus Safety Programs; Sessions III--Bus Industry Safety Issues Working Groups; Session IV--Priority Industry Safety Issues Panel; Session V--UMTA Safety Programs and Resources; and Session VI--Panel--Industry Options for Addressing Bus Safety Issues. KW - Buses KW - Media KW - Safety KW - Safety programs KW - Technology transfer KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281811 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451196 AU - Hamburg (John) and Associates Incorporated AU - Prince, Williams and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION NETWORK ANALYSIS: INTERSECTION ANALYSIS, USERS' GUIDE: A GUIDE TO THE INTERSECTION ANALYSIS FEATURES OF THE UTPS PROGRAM UROAD PY - 1984 SP - 156 p. AB - No Abstract. KW - Computer programs KW - Intersections KW - Mathematical models KW - Network analysis (Planning) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00396549 AU - Wisconsin Department of Transportation TI - WISCONSIN URBAN MASS TRANSIT ANNUAL REPORT 1984 PY - 1984 SP - 208 p. AB - The Wisconsin Urban Mass Transit Annual Report for 1984 is a summary of selected financial and operating data for the 30 public transit systems participating in the state operating assistance program. The 1980-1983 financial information presented in the report is based on the annual audits of each system conducted by WisDOT. The 1980-1983 operating data has been extracted from reports submitted by the transit operators. The 1984 financial and operating data are projections taken from state aid applications. All data in this report are presented on a calendar year basis. Information in this report is intended to provide uniform and comparable data for Wisconsin's urban transit systems. Summary tables, figures, and individual system information are represented to inform public officials, planners, transit operators, and other interested groups and individuals about the transit systems being funded by the state. This report provides the reader with a better understanding of the financial and operating characteristics of the state's urban transit systems. The report is organized into 2 sections. The first section is designed to give a statewide overview of public transportation financial characteristics, ridership, operating statistics, and fleet information. The second section presents individual system profiles for each of the 30 transit properties. The profiles provide information on the type and level of service provided, fare structure, fleet, financial and operating characteristics as well as time-trend tracking of various performance indicators. KW - Financial analysis KW - Level of service KW - Motor vehicles KW - Ownership KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Wisconsin UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/214089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395209 AU - Southeast Arkansas Regional Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT. PINE BLUFF, ARIZONA PY - 1984 SP - 97 p. AB - Transportation System Management (TSM) emphasizes developing low-cost options that can use existing transportation facilities, improve urban mobility, provide energy conservation and environmental quality benefits, and be implemented on a short-range basis. The purpose of this TSM study is to identify and utilize the process by which the Pine Bluff area can best achieve maximum efficiency and productivity for the existing transportation system. This TSM analysis for Pine Bluff bus transit service centered around providing better service for transit patrons, and implementing expanded routes for better area coverage. Five corridors and a number of intersections were selected for study. Recommended solutions are low-cost improvements involving striping, signing, and minor reconstruction or modification of the intersections. Other recommendations include additional transit shelters, a transfer center/station in the downtown business district, 2 new diesel-powered buses with automatic transmission and anti-pollution devices, as well as a two-way radio system for the entire bus fleet. Overall, this report evaluates and prioritizes the general problems and issues concerning transit service for this TSM period. KW - Arkansas KW - Bus services KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Bus transit KW - Communication systems KW - Intersections KW - Radio KW - Routing KW - Small cities KW - Transit centers KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213019 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394510 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. VOLUME 2. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PY - 1984 SP - 108 p. AB - The Regional Transportation Plan (Plan) is a legal document required by both federal and state legislation. SCAG has the responsibility to prepare the Plan which is adopted by the SCAG Executive Committee. The Plan is the principal long-range transportation planning document for the Southern California region. Six counties are covered by the Plan: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. The Plan provides a description of the existing transportation system in the region and identifies major problem areas. Forecasts are made to the year 2000 to identify the major problems to be faced as the region enters the 21st century. The Plan consists of four volumes. Volume 2, Transportation Planning, contains three chapters: Decision-Making, Actions, and Finance. It addresses the transportation planning issues that must be faced in the future. It provides the regional goals and objectives, gives policies for decision-making, and recommends specific actions to be taken. A scenario of the regional transportation system beyond the year 2000 is developed and issues that will help the region to develop a long-range mobility strategy are identified for immediate attention. KW - Decision making KW - Financing KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mobility KW - Policy making KW - Regional planning KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212532 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394516 AU - Yonkers, City of, New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DOWNTOWN TRANSIT MALL FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE CITY OF YONKERS, NEW YORK PY - 1984 SP - 105 p. AB - The 1970 plans for a pedestrian mall in Getty Square that would link the planned development in Getty Square with the Hudson River waterfront and proposed waterfront development generated this study. Planners have viewed the Getty Square Mall as the focal point for revitalizing the central business district (CBD) and energizing its economy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the transportation impact of a transit mall in the Getty Square section of Yonkers, New York. The analysis includes the impacts on economic development, urban environment, and land use patterns. Surveys were conducted of the land use and retail conditions; of pedestrians and merchants; of bus transit and passenger volumes; of predestrian and vehicle volumes; as well as of parking conditions. Five transit mall designs were analyzed and evaluated. Included in the evaluation were construction, maintenance, and operation costs, and revenues from increased sales and property values. The report concludes with an implementation strategy for Getty Square transit mall directed largely at public support for revitalizing the area. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Forecasting KW - Land use KW - Medium sized cities KW - New York (State) KW - Parking KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212538 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394512 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. VOLUME 4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT PY - 1984 SP - 347 p. AB - The Regional Transportation Plan (Plan) is a legal document required by both federal and state legislation. SCAG has the responsibility to prepare the Plan which is adopted by the SCAG Executive Committee. The Plan is the principal long-range transportation planning document for the Southern California region. Six counties are covered by the Plan: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. The Plan provides a description of the existing transportation system in the region and identifies major problem areas. Forecasts are made to the year 2000 to identify the major problems to be faced as the region enters the 21st century. The Plan consists of four volumes. Volume 4, Environmental Impact Report, evaluates the impacts of the recommended transportation actions on the environment. It analyzes year 2000 environmental impacts associated with an improved transportation system representative of the current "facilities approach". KW - Decision making KW - Environmental impacts KW - Long term KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mobility KW - Regional planning KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212534 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394482 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. VOLUME 1. TRANSPORTATION NEEDS AND STRATEGIES PY - 1984 SP - 123 p. AB - The Regional Transportation Plan (Plan) is a legal document required by both federal and state legislation. SCAG has the responsibility to prepare the Plan which is adopted by the SCAG Executive Committee. The Plan is the principal long-range transportation planning document for the Southern California region. Six counties are covered by the Plan: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. The Plan provides a description of the existing transportation system in the region and identifies major problem areas. Forecasts are made to the year 2000 to identify the major problems to be faced as the region enters the 21st century. The Plan consists of four volumes. Volume 1, Transportation Needs and Strategies, consists of three chapters: Introduction, Needs and Strategies. It provides the background for the decisions that are made in the Plan. KW - Decision making KW - Forecasting KW - Long term KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Mobility KW - Regional planning KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212510 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394511 AU - Southern California Association of Governments AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1984 REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. VOLUME 3. TECHNICAL APPENDICES PY - 1984 SP - 155 p. AB - The Regional Transportation Plan (Plan) is a legal document required by both federal and state legislation. SCAG has the responsibility to prepare the Plan which is adopted by the SCAG Executive Committee. The Plan is the principal long-range transportation planning document for the Southern California region. Six counties are covered by the Plan: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura. The Plan provides a description of the existing transportation system in the region and identifies major problem areas. Forecasts are made to the year 2000 to identify the major problems to be faced as the region enters the 21st century. The Plan consists of four volumes. Volume 3 contains the Technical Appendices. KW - Decision making KW - Long term KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Policy making KW - Regulations KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212533 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00393503 AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A GUIDE TO HIGHWAY AND TRANSIT CONTRACT OPPORTUNITIES FOR MINORITY AND OTHER DISADVANTAGED ENTERPRISES PY - 1984 SP - 26 p. AB - The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 set a national goal of expending at least 10 percent of Federal highway and transit funds with Disadvantaged Small Businesses (DBAs). This effort has been carried out under the Department of Transportation's Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program. The effort to expand the participation of minorities and women in projects continues a DOT program which has been in effect since the early 1970s when FHWA and UMTA began their Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) programs. As a result, new records for minority and female contract awards in DOT-assisted transportation projects have been established. This pamphlet describes the DBE program, gives figures on its results and then discusses the following: How firms can be certified; what constitutes a false-front organization; what types of work are available; how bonding assistance can be provided and what other types of financial assistance are available; and where contract opportunities are located. The pamphlet contains a directory of regional highway and transit offices involved with DBA activities. KW - Alignment KW - Contracting KW - Disadvantaged business enterprises KW - Females KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Minorities KW - Policy making KW - Railroad tracks KW - Track alignment KW - Transportation departments KW - U.S. Department of Transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208216 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00389860 JO - Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIRST ARTICLE BUS TESTING PY - 1984 VL - 3 IS - 3 SP - 6 p. AB - To assist transit operators in evaluating new bus designs and avoid untested vehicles, UMTA has supported development of a test plan covering safety, performance and reliability of the vehicle and major subsystems. Any use of this plan is voluntary. First article buses are defined as the first 10 units of the production line for delivery to a U.S. transit authority and are of a design that has not been used in U.S. revenue service or includes major changes in configuration or components critical to sustained revenue operations. The plan covers testing of standard, heavy-duty 35- or 40-ft transit buses but can be modified in any way a transit agency desires or can be used for testing vehicles of other configurations. A procurement can include first article buses although the test plan and costs would be subject to negotiation. The basic plan calls for manufacturers to perform nonrevenue tests and for the transit agency to make revenue tests. UMTA does not plan to become involved in testing or in funding the tests of newly designed buses. The test plan requires the transit agency to have data on comparable buses. Data would include mean mileage between subsystems failures, frequency of servicing, and man-hours required for servicing. Careful record keeping is required on the plan. Knowledge gained by using the test plan can help in developing future specifications. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Industries KW - Performance evaluations KW - Prototypes KW - Reliability KW - Safety KW - Specifications KW - Standard buses KW - Standardization KW - Testing KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209584 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00389859 JO - Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS AIR CONDITIONING IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1984 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 11 p. AB - Costs and maintenance associated with bus air conditioning continue to pose major problems. Five projects funded by UMTA show that some of the problems may be resolved. Evaporative cooling has been successfully demonstrated in Denver and Tucson where low humidity climate makes such a system practical. A production model of a rotary screw compressor will be tested in Washington, DC, and Philadelphia because it has fewer moving parts, the potential for greater reliability and lower maintenance requirements. Condenser relocation from within the engine housing to the roof is intended to reduce dirt and debris accumulation on heat-transfer surfaces. Another relocation has been to the rear window area, an arrangement tested successfully in Los Angeles and Miami. Atlanta has replaced dual compressors with a single large compressor which has been found to be more reliable; it is recommended that windows and roof hatches which can be opened by opened be installed if a single-compressor system is adopted. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Compressors KW - Condensers /liquefiers/ KW - Maintainability KW - Reliability KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389366 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE. A GUIDE FOR USERS PY - 1984 SP - 26 p. AB - This directory details the resources available under the Technical Assistance Program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Such resources are available to transit operating agencies, state and local governments, and private industry for improving transit productivity, reliability, safety, operations, cost reduction and for enhancing the use of information and for better planning techniques. The program encompasses UMTA's research, development deployment, demonstration, engineering applications, safety, information and statistical collection, management techniques, planning, university research, and external training efforts. Sources are complete with description of available information, contacts, addresses and phone numbers. KW - Directories KW - Information dissemination KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205441 ER - TY - JOUR AN - 00389858 JO - Technical Assistance Briefs PB - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATIC BUS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM PY - 1984 VL - 3 IS - 2 SP - 13 p. AB - The Automated Bus Diagnostic System (ABDS) was tested in a prototype form by New York City Transit Authority which indicated that the system has promise as an effective diagnostic tool. While systems now under development apply only to the engine and transmission, ABDS will ultimately check systems throughout the bus including air conditioning, brakes and tire pressure. Plans are underway for transit agencies to test ABDS equipment and grants have been made by UMTA for installations in Flint, MI; Syracuse, NY; and Nashville, TN. The new computerized ABDS has been designed to: (1) reduce unplanned maintenance by detecting minor mechanical problems so they can be corrected before they can produce major service disruptions and higher rapair costs; (2) allow quick daily testing of major bus subsystems while the vehicle is being refueled; (3) provide comprehensive diagnostic testing during routine maintenance; (4) verify that, once performed, the repairs have actually corrected a malfunction. KW - Automatic test equipment KW - Automatic testing KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Diagnostic centers KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Diagnostics KW - Information processing KW - Inspection KW - Management information systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/209582 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387697 AU - OFEGRO, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RURAL TRANSPORTATION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1984 SP - 7 p. AB - Rural transportation, the product of social services programs of the 1960s, have made significant progress in the past few years. This occurs when local officials, transportation providers, business people and citizens address the problems collectively. They are learning how to become involved in the transportation planning process, where to obtain technical information and assistance, and how to exchange their experiences. It has been proven that successful rural transportation programs are initiated at the local level; local officials are most effective in demonstrating the need for improving or establishing local transportation systems; the importance of coordinating existing programs; and the cost effective use of planning, operating and financial resources. The future success of rural transportation services depends upon the cooperative efforts of federal, state and local officials and the imaginative, creative and productive approaches such as those currently being demonstrated by localities around the nation. KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Local government KW - Rural areas KW - Social service agencies KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386312 AU - SYNECTICS for Management Decisions, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LEVEL OF SERVICE AND IMPROVEMENT PLAN FOR PUBLICO CARS FOR PONCE METROPOLITAN AREA PY - 1984 SP - n.p. AB - The purpose of this report is to present the general findings regarding the publico car system (66 percent 4-door sedans; 34 percent vans) that serves the Ponce metropolitan area, Puerto Rico, and the recommended improvement plan. Ponce is considered to be the second major city of the Island (180,046 pop.) and an important commercial, industrial, and education center (150 industries and 10,000 employees). Seventy-three authorized routes provide direct service to or within the Ponce and 922 authorized publico cars. The 38 urban and rural routes provide coverage of the major populated areas. The 35 intercity routes cover all surrounding cities including the metropolitan areas of San Juan, Caguas, and Mayaguez. This report describes the present system; future trends and projections; alternative systems such as public bus system, franchise of routes, and supplemental public service. The study findings reveal that: 1) users of the system appear relatively satisfied with the present system, and 2) drivers of the system are dissatisfied with the present system--high cost of gasoline, competition from other non-authorized drivers, lack of system homogeneity, traffic congestion, poor conditions of the highways, and general economic conditions. KW - Competition KW - Deficits KW - Jitneys KW - Paratransit services KW - Puerto Rico KW - Quality of service KW - Regulations KW - Rural areas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201556 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00619131 AU - Shaw, P L AU - Lefson, E AU - California State University, Long Beach TI - EXPORTS, TRANSPORTATION AND PRIVATE/PUBLIC COOPERATION PY - 1983/12/03 SP - 56 p. AB - The Workshop on Exports, Transportation, and Private/Public Cooperation was held at California State University, Long Beach December 2, 1983. This report discusses a variety of topics related to the role of the private sector in promoting exports. The proceedings of a 1983 conference, the document explores opportunities for the private and public sector to work together to help meet the export system's land and port transportation support roles. Topics covered include export demand for American outputs, the role of the domestic transportation system in serving exports, post/landside interface questions, and intergovernmental factors which influence the effectiveness of the export transportation system. The document should be especially interesting to port and urban transportation system planners. KW - Barriers KW - Barriers (Roads) KW - Bottlenecks KW - Exports KW - Governments KW - Intergovernmental relations KW - Ports KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Water transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/361690 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382281 AU - Glasser, H S AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - LISTING OF NEW BUS TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS PY - 1983/12 SP - 36 p. AB - The New Bus Equipment Introduction program is designed to demonstrate innovative features on transit buses and encourage the adoption of innovative features that enhance productivity. New bus demonstrations and purchases have been catalogued for the last four years based on news releases in transit journals and discussions with UMTA capital grants personnel. The more innovative purchases and demonstrations are listed at the conclusion of this report. Criteria used for listing equipment purchases and demonstrations are: articulated bus, new manufacturer, unusual body style, and unusual power source. Some innovative features now entering the American bus market are: 6 cylinder turbo-charged engines (Blue Bird and Grumman); articulated small buses (Chance); gas turbine engines (GMC); air cooled engines (IVECO); double-deck bodies (Neoplan); climate-specific equipment (Orion); and dual-powered buses (Renault). This report presents the findings of research on bus purchases and demonstrations by transit systems in the U.S. involving innovative vehicles or equipment. Purchases and demonstrations have been catalogued for the last four years. The purchases included in this report show innovative equipment and new manufacturers in the American market. The trend toward mass bus purchases through consortia and a heightened interest in vehicles built by non-traditional manufacturers are shown. The report demonstrated that there is strong interest among transit systems for vehicles that can meet the requirements imposed by local conditions. KW - Articulated buses KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Double deck buses KW - Electric buses KW - Gas turbines KW - Industries KW - Minibuses KW - Procurement KW - Superchargers KW - Supercharging KW - Technological innovations KW - Turbine engines KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382582 AU - Seligman, J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE APPLICATION OF THE FEDERAL ANTITRUST LAWS TO MUNICIPAL TAXICAB REGULATION PY - 1983/12 SP - 64 p. AB - This report analyzes the application of Federal antitrust laws to municipal regulation of the taxicab industry. Spurred by two recent Supreme Court decisions involving the electric utility and cable television industries, municipalities have become concerned that their regulatory practices vis-a-vis the taxi industry may be in violation of Federal antitrust laws. This report first describes the two part Supreme Court test for municipalities to secure exemption from these laws and then analyzes municipal taxi regulation's compliance with this test. States are generally exempt from antitrust laws. Recent court cases suggest that municipalities are exempt only under specific circumstances. Municipalities come under the umbrella of state exemption if local regulation is authorized by state law "clearly articulating" and "affirmatively expressing as state policy" the regulation in question and if municipalities undertake "active supervision" of the regulated industry. The report states that in only nine states are municipalities fully under this umbrella, while they are partially sheltered in several more. The report concludes that with regard to their exposure to charges of antitrust violations in connection with taxi regulation, municipalities can make one of three choices. They may do nothing and await clarification from the courts, they may deregulate their taxi industries, or they may persuade their state legislatures to pass laws bringing them under the protection of state exemption. KW - Antitrust laws KW - Deregulation KW - Legal factors KW - Legislation KW - Litigation KW - Local government KW - Regulations KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198577 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462877 AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONNDOT'S GOALS AND THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT POLICIES PLAN PY - 1983/12 SP - 32 p. AB - This report discusses the goals and objectives of the Connecticut Department of Transportation in relation to the State of Connecticut Conservation and Development Policies Plan 1982-1985. A brief description of the plan is provided, including information on its history, structure, and purpose. The terminology used to identify goals is discussed and definitions of the terms "goal", "policy", and "objective" are provided. The report then focuses on the relationship of goals established on the bureau, agency, and State levels. The appendix presents the actual goals of the various bureaus within the Connecticut Department of Transportation as they correspond to the policies and actions of the State of Connecticut Conservation and Development Policies Plan 1982-1985. Some general observations on this presentation are included in the body of the report. KW - Air transportation KW - Connecticut KW - Conservation KW - Coordination KW - Development KW - Highway transportation KW - Infrastructure KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Level of service KW - Public transit KW - Railroad transportation KW - Regional planning KW - State departments of transportation KW - State planning KW - States KW - Strategic planning KW - Transportation policy KW - Waterways KW - Waterways (Transportation) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274351 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394467 AU - Sterling Systems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VIA 1983 BUS PASSENGER SURVEY PY - 1983/12 SP - 87 p. AB - To provide a basis for long and short range planning services, VIA Metropolitan Transit of San Antonio, Texas, sponsored a study to collect ridership data for its bus transit system. The survey, conducted in late February and March 1983, was designed to collect data on passenger counts, origins and destinations, trip characteristics, and person characteristics. Data were coded and tabulated and analyzed by the VIA staff. This document is the final report of the project survey. The report begins with a discussion of the background, goals, and objectives of the survey effort. Major findings of the project are described and discussed. The final section of this report, the study design and conduct (technical approach), describes in detail all major aspects of the project and includes: sample design; sample selection; questionnaire design; data collection including organization, training, assignment preparation and distribution, fieldwork procedures, and quality control; data coding and conversion; data processing including editing procedures, and sample expansion; and verification of results including statistical methodology, and expected accuracy of results. KW - Bus routes KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Origin and destination KW - Passenger counting KW - Questionnaires KW - Ridership KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212497 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382584 AU - Kuzmyak, J R AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - HSTC--CONSOLIDATION OF HUMAN SERVICE TRANSPORTATION IN BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT PY - 1983/12 SP - 100 p. AB - In the context of a larger Service and Management Demonstration of multimodal transportation brokerage in Bridgeport, Connecticut, an operating model of an effective consolidated elderly and handicapped transportation network was devised and implemented. The resulting system is known as the Human Service Transportation Consortium (HSTC), which has been successfully operating since September of 1980. Several aspects of the project are innovative, including the consortium concept itself, and the role of the Greater Bridgeport Transit District (GBTD), in developing the service. The consortium is built on the model of a private non-profit corporation, which consolidates and maintains members' existing transportation resources and sells services to members at contractually determined rates. GBTD was able to help formulate the consortium by contributing technical assistance and helping in the acquisition of initial capital funding, but was able to maintain an independent advisory role following implementation. Strong support from local health and social service agencies, enhanced by growing financial need, were key factors in the effective consolidation. The consortium transports over 12,000 monthly riders in the Bridgeport region with a fleet of 25 vehicles. Immediately upon implementation, the HSTC realized a doubling of productivity over a pre-existing Coordinated System. The HSTC carries an average of four passengers per vehicle hour. Costs average $11.80 per vehicle hour and $2.90 per passenger trip. KW - Aged KW - Brokerage KW - Connecticut KW - Consolidations KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Productivity KW - Social service agencies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198578 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390692 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District TI - LOS ANGELES RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT. METRO RAIL. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1983/12 SP - v.p. AB - The locally preferred rail rapid transit project is an 18.6 mile subway including 18 stations. Known locally as the Metro Rail Project, it would run from Union Station through downtown, west along the Wilshire Corridor, and then north through the Fairfax community and West Hollywood. The line would proceed eastward to serve Hollywood and continue through the Cahuenga Pass to the San Fernando Valley, where station locations are proposed at Universal City and North Hollywood. A No Project Alternative, an 8.8 mile "Minimum Operable Segment," and the proposed subway with a 2.6 mile aerial segment in the San Fernando Valley have also been defined and evaluated. The project traverses the Los Angeles Regional Core, the densest area of the Southern California metropolitan region. The project would provide much needed transit capacity and substantially reduce travel times through and within the Regional Core. The primary impact areas identified in this Final EIS include transportation, land use, socioeconomic, and historic resource preservation. Other impact areas include air quality, noise and vibration, energy, and construction activity impacts. The Final EIS includes revisions to the Draft EIS; a summary of the comments and recommendations received on the Draft EIS; a list of persons, organizations, and public agencies commenting on the Draft EIS; and responses to substantive comments raised in the review and consultation process. All references in this Final EIS to "EIS/EIR" should be read as EIS. Changes to the test of the Draft EIS are indicated in this Final EIS by a dashed vertical line in the margin. KW - Air quality KW - Construction management KW - Construction operations KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Historic preservation KW - Land use KW - Rapid transit KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Tie plates KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 KW - Urban transportation KW - Vibration UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208794 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389751 AU - MORRISON, A AU - Hobbins, G AU - Paratore, J AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCELERATING WALKWAY SYSTEM: HOBOKEN RAIL TERMINAL DEMONSTRATION. SITE ENGINEERING REPORT PY - 1983/12 SP - 109 p. AB - The Accelerating Walkway System (AWS) demonstration program was designed to test the feasibility of operating such a system in an urban setting. Based on an initial feasibility study, the New Jersey Transit commuter railroad station at Hoboken was selected as the demonstration site, located specifically at the connection between the New Jersey Transit commuter rail station and the east end of the mezzanine level of the Port Authority Trans-Hudson station. The demonstration was designed to provide information about the mechanical performance of the system under actual operating conditions, monitor passenger usage, and evaluate public acceptance of the system. Completed phases of the program include feasibility studies; AWS design and development, including preliminary site investigation and site engineering studies; and the award of a contract for the manufacture of the system. A series of equipment and user tests initiated in March 1983 is also nearing completion. This report describes the program of site engineering work that was planned by the Port Authority's Engineering Department in preparation for the installation and operation of the TRAX walkway system, including the excavation, equipment, fundation design, installation, and site restoration plans, as well as related cost, scheduling, and specifications data. During the preparation of this report, the proposed Hoboken demonstration was cancelled. However, the authors point out that this report is written assuming that the demonstration site was still being planned. Even though testing at Hoboken is no longer being planned, the detailed information contained in this report should be useful to operators that may be considering application of AWS technology. KW - Moving sidewalks KW - New Jersey KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Walkways UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205685 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389764 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - U. S. PASSENGER RAIL TECHNOLOGIES PY - 1983/12 SP - 112 p. AB - Since the 1960's, the US has been interested in high-speed rail and advanced ground transport technologies, including magnetic levitation. A failing rail infrastructure and institutional reform have taken precedence, thus, expertise in high-speed rail now rests abroad. When US transportation systems evolved to include increased use of air and automobile technologies for intercity travel, passenger rail service experienced significant ridership declines, resulting in institutional changes from private to public sector operation. Now, nine corridors are being actively explored by State, and local governments, regional agencies, and US and foreign technology developers and suppliers for possible application of high-speed ground transport systems. This OTA assessment seeks to lay out in general form what is known about these high-speed technologies and the foreign experience with them, and to identify the areas of uncertainty relative to their application in the United States. The study is intended to identify policy questions and issues pertinent to debate on the subject. KW - Corridors KW - Europe KW - High speed rail KW - Japan KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Technology KW - Technology assessment KW - Vehicle design UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/2000/2600/2678/8327.htm UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/2000/2600/2678/832701.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205695 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389365 AU - Robbins, J C AU - Wyatt, E M AU - Indiana University, Bloomington AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TENNESSEE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION FUNDING ACT OF 1982 PY - 1983/12 SP - 50 p. AB - This Tennessee legislature enacted the Local Transportation funding Act of 1982 with backing of the state's transit operating agencies to add, at local option, a cent to the fuel tax by any county, metropolitan government or incorporated municipality for maintaining or extending transit service. Neither of two attempts--in Nashville and Chattanooga--to gain voter approval was successful. The local referendum has inexorably linked successful implementation of the legislation to the local political process. Until local labor issues are resolved there, Memphis City Council will prevent the issue from going to ballot. Transit managers in other communities have been discouraged from attempting local referendum. Learning to operate effectively in the political environment is a prelude to any successful effort by transit to secure a stable, dedicated source of funding. The Act is evidence that transit interests had become effective political players at the state level, but the agencies have yet to become effective at the local level. The legislation does respond to a recognized problem but, as written, is not sufficient to meet transit's needs and can be regarded only as a start. An appendix analyzes transit funding and institutional arrangements in Wisconsin where a long history of support for public transit highlights some elements missing from the Tennessee environment. KW - Fuels KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Politics KW - Public opinion KW - Public transit KW - Referendum KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Tennessee UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205440 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386297 AU - Boyce, J S AU - Maser, K R AU - Ounanian, D W AU - Foster-Miller Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXTRUDED TUNNEL LINING SYSTEM PY - 1983/12 SP - 220 p. AB - The objective of this report was to design, develop, fabricate, test and demonstrate a system for placing a continuously extruded tunnel liner. The Extruded Tunnel Lining System (ETLS) is a process for continuous slipforming of a concrete tunnel lining directly behind a tunnel boring machine. The program was carried out in three phases. This present report describes the results of the work conducted during Phases II and III (July 1979-June 1983). It includes the design, fabrication and evaluation of a full-scale, 10-foot diameter in an above ground tunnel test facility. The facility consists of: a 10-foot diameter, 22 foot long steel "tunnel"; an ETLS; a "TBM" reaction structure; and concrete mixing and pumping equipment. The ETLS consists of: a 9 foot diameter, 10 foot long, 1 in. thick steel cylindrical slipform; a 9.5 foot diameter, 8 in. wide by 6 in. thick independent annular bulkhead; hydraulic actuators controlling slipform and bulkhead motions; and an electro-hydraulic system for controlling the hydraulic actuators. The rapid set/rapid strength gain concrete mix design has been finalized to achieve 1-1/2 hr strength of 1000 psi while maintaining workability for 30 minutes. Tests of the ETLS have been carried out at advance rates of 4, 6, and 7 feet per hour. In all cases, a competent, self-supporting liner has been produced. Data acquired during these tests have provided a better understanding of the first underground system. Data acquired during these tests have provided a better understanding of the first underground system. Data have included mechanical loading on ETLS components due to form drag, buoyancy, and deviation from alignment; concrete pressures and concrete strength/time properties; and behavior of the ETLS control system. These have been incorporated into a conceptual design based on the information generated during this test program. KW - Concrete structures KW - Extrusion KW - Ground handling KW - Ground support KW - Slip form pavers KW - Slip forms KW - Structural design KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling machines KW - Tunnels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200085 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386300 AU - Nelson, J T AU - Saurenman, H J AU - Wilson, Ihrig and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW: PREDICTION AND CONTROL OF GROUNDBORNE NOISE AND VIBRATION FROM RAIL TRANSIT TRAINS PY - 1983/12 SP - 222 p. AB - This report provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in the prediction and control of groundborne noise and vibration. Various types of impact criteria are reviewed for groundborne noise and vibration, building damage, and soil settlement. Vibration measurement and evaluation techniques are reviewed and and techniques which have been used by rail transit systems to control groundborne noise and vibration are discussed. These techniques include wheel and rail maintenance, track support system design, floating slabs, resilient wheels, tunnel wall thickness, trenches, and building isolation. Several procedures that have been used to predict groundborne noise and vibration are outlined. Finally, resiliently supported ties, floating slabs, tracks, subway/soil interaction, and radiation from the subway structure, vibration propagation, attenuation in the soil, and building response to groundborne vibration. The first step in the review of the state-of-the-art in groundborne noise and vibration prediction and control was to read and evaluate the references. A bibliography of these references has been published as a separate document entitled: State-of-the-Art Review-Prediction and Control of Groundborne Noise and Vibration from Rail Transit Trains: Annotated Bibliography, May 1982, NTIS order number PB 83-100420, A10. The references included in the annotated Bibliography are listed at the end of this current report. This report uses the same reference numbers as the Annotated however, the references in this document are not annotated. KW - Concrete slab track KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Failure KW - Ground settlement KW - Mathematical models KW - Noise sources KW - Rail grinding KW - Railroad facilities KW - Railroad tracks KW - Rapid transit KW - Resilient wheels KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Soils KW - Structural failures KW - Structural mechanics KW - Track structures KW - Vibration KW - Wayside KW - Wheel truing KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200088 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386305 AU - Neumann, L AU - Ruiter, E AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AGT EXPERIENCE, STATUS AND PROSPECTS: LOCAL PLANNING AND THE SUPPLIER INDUSTRY PY - 1983/12 SP - n.p. AB - This report is one of a series prepared in the Automated Transportation Appraisal Project to evaluate the impacts of the implementation of automated guideway transportation (AGT) systems on their local areas and on the industry which supplies them. The two foci of this report are: -- the lessons which can be learned from the local experiences in carrying out AGT planning activities as part of the Downtown People Mover (DPM) Demonstration Program from 1975 to 1981. -- the changing status of the firms supplying AGT systems in the United States--the AGT industry--and the future prospects of this industry. These foci form the subject matter of the two major sections of this report. The first section presents general conclusions based on extensive interviews held with participants and observers of the planning process in Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, and St. Paul. City-specific reports on the planning contexts, histories, and evaluations appear in Appendices A through D. The second major section represents an assessment of the AGT industry at the present time in the light of interviews held with representatives of nine potential, past, and/or present firms participating in this industry; as well as on information available from corporate annual reports and from the business and financial press. Reports on the specific firms interviewed and their involvement in AGT and related industries are included as Appendices E through K. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Capital KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Demonstration programs KW - Demonstration projects KW - Forecasting KW - Institutional issues KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - People movers KW - Suppliers KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201554 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386302 AU - CASEY, R F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE AUTOMATED BUS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION IN NEW YORK CITY PY - 1983/12 SP - 120 p. AB - In response to a growing problem with the quality and efficiency of nationwide bus maintenance practices, an award was granted to the Tri-State Regional Planning Commission for the testing of an automated bus diagnostic system (ABDS). The ABDS was designed to improve the effectiveness of bus maintenance through early detection of bus defects, improved diagnosis and fault isolation, and a reduction in improper repairs. It was anticipated that the efficiency of bus operations would be improved by decreasing the number of in-service breakdowns and reducing the number of spare buses required to maintain scheduled service. The ABDS is a microprocessor-based test and diagnostic tool that permits rapid sequential inspection and fault isolation in buses and their subsystems. The evaluation examined ABDS performance, its operational and economic impacts, and the application of this concept for other transit operations. The primary evaluation approach was to compare operational and economic data for the experimental buses and a control group of buses. The ABDS demonstration proved that diagnostic equipment can be successfully installed and operated at a major transit system maintenance facility. However, reluctance to use the maintenance area unit by some maintenance personnel was a problem throughout the demonstration. In contrast, the fuel island unit seemed to have been readily accepted. The data indicated that the ABDS equipment itself performed very well. During the evaluation period, ABDS repair hours increased for the experimental group as compared to the control group. However, ABDS-type road calls were reduced to a greater degree for the experimental buses. In addition, total out-of-service time for the experimental group was less than the control group during the last two months of the demonstration. Therefore, it appears that the added repairs on the experimental group reduced their road calls and down time. The economic analysis showed that operational cost exceeded quantifiable benefits for the evaluation period. However, there were several maintenance and service benefits which could not be quantified. The report points out that 6 months is too short a period to fully evaluate the economics of this concept and more evaluation of ABDS is needed to determine long-term benefits and cost effectiveness. KW - Analysis KW - Availability KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Fault location KW - Maintenance practices KW - Microprocessors KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Reliability KW - Supply KW - Testing KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200090 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386310 AU - Schofer, J L AU - Haefele, E T AU - Consortium of Governmental Counselors, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL MODERNIZATION BENEFITS ANALYSIS: IDENTIFICATION OF BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/12 SP - 171 p. AB - This report presents a three-level taxonomy of benefits which may result from urban rail transit modernization projects. The levels--system performance, effects on users and operators and effects on society--are successively more important and more complex. The report recommends focussing project evaluation at the second level of the taxonomy--i.e., an operator cost savings and traveler benefits due to rail modernization. Methods for predicting and evaluating benefits in these categories are presented. A parallel taxonomy of rail modernization beneficiaries is developed, focussing on the potential for capturing some of the monetary value of benefits to contribute to modernization costs. The report concludes that explicit benefit analysis is both desirable and feasible; that there are real prospects for beneficiary participation in financing rail modernization; and that additional studies are needed to develop a solid capability to predict rail improvement benefits. KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Financing KW - Justification KW - Light rail transit KW - Modernization KW - Operating costs KW - Property values KW - Rapid transit KW - Rehabilitation KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384910 AU - Smith, R L AU - University of Wisconsin, Madison AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION AND INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENT IN BUS TRANSIT PASSENGER DATA COLLECTION. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/12 SP - 6 p. AB - The overall objectives of the research are: 1) to identify the potential for innovation and for incremental improvement in bus transit passenger data collection, and 2) to develop and test data collection and processing methodologies to five transit managers and operators the ability to make needed improvements. The literature review showed little application of modern statistical sampling techniques to bus passenger data until 1977. The three key applications of statistics since then are documented in some detail. The focus of the research was on data collection techniques for both total passengers and the Section 15 passenger service consumed reporting requirements. An inventory of 58 transit properties in the United States with 100 or more peak hour buses showed a wide range of techniques being used to collect both total passenger and Section 15 data. Classification schemes for total passenger and Section 15 data collection procedures were developed and prototypical transit properties identified in each major class. Application of statistical sampling theory to evaluate alternative sampling plans for the prototypical properties showed substantial potential for improvements in accuracy or reductions in data collection and processing costs or both. The results of the analysis of the prototypical total passenger data collection procedures were used to develop an evaluation methodology to aid transit managers in selecting an improved data collection procedure for their property. A final case study illustrated the potential for integrating Section 15 with a regular total passenger counting program. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Information processing KW - Management information systems KW - Passenger counting KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Statistical analysis KW - Umta section 15 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199107 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384903 AU - Delpidio, D J AU - Perez, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AIR CONDITIONING MODIFICATIONS TO AMG BUSES PY - 1983/12 SP - 82 p. AB - This report presents the documentation and evaluation of air conditioning system modifications devised by Miami (Florida) Metrobus and Los Angeles SCRTD for the AM General Model B bus. The objective of these modifications was to reduce the frequency of bus air conditioning and related system failures. Major modifications included both relocation of, and replacement and relocation of, the A/C condenser, installation of new condenser fans and an additional alternator, and replacement of certain other air conditioning system components. The documentation of the air conditioning modifications discusses the extent of air conditioning related problems encountered in the operation of AMG buses and lists the agencies' goals and objectives in devising solutions to these problems. Narrative descriptions along with photographs, parts lists, procedures and costs for the modifications are given, with sufficient detail to permit other transit authorities having similar problems to implement these changes to their coaches should they desire to do so. The evaluation of the air conditioning modifications focuses primarily on system reliability. Data for the evaluation was extracted from existing maintenance and other records at Metrobus and SCRTD. These included road call reports, daily service reports, and bus repair history records. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Los Angeles (California) KW - Miami (Florida) KW - Modifications KW - Parts KW - Reliability KW - Retrofitting KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382583 AU - Ruprecht, L S AU - Englisher, L S AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS GUIDANCE TECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT PY - 1983/12 AB - This report provides a review of on-going developments in bus guidance technology. It describes in detail the design, testing and implementation of guided bus systems in West Germany and Sweden, as well as developments that are beginging to take place in Australia and Great Britain. The report also summarizes North American interest in the concept to date. Two primary types of bus guidance technology are discussed--mechanical and electronic. Based on experience in Europe, the study concludes that both are technologically feasible, although electronic guidance has not yet proven itself as acceptable to drivers and passengers and faces substantial attitudinal and institutional barriers. Nevertheless, there are applications that suggest that the use of one or the other. Because of its advantages over light rail or bus operation, guided bus is likely to become an important mode in the future. The continuing developments in Europe and Australia, as well as in Seattle, will provide valuable data for evaluating the future applicability of the concept. KW - Bus design KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Busways KW - Electronic control KW - Germany KW - Guided buses KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Platforms KW - Structural design KW - Sweden KW - Technology KW - Turnouts KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201522 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382591 AU - Jacobs, M AU - O'Connor, R AU - Chen, Shuangwu AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1982, SECTION 15, ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1983/11 SP - 450 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the Urban Mass Transportation (UMT) Act of 1964, as amended. The report also contains supplemental Section 15 data submitted by certain eligible transit systems for use in computing Section 9 apportionments. Section 9 is a new formula grant program for capital, operating, and certain other assistance created by the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (whigh amended the UMT Act). The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 contains an introduction to the Section 15 reporting system and the relationship to the Section 9 program. Chapter 2 contains aggregate industry statistics derived from the complete Section 15 reports which were submitted (i.e., excluding the supplemental reports). Chapter 3 contains detailed financial and operating data on the individual transit systems which submitted complete Section 15 reports. Chapter 4 contains the operating statistics (derived from both complete and supplemental reports) which were used in the computation of the FY 1984 Section 9 apportionments. All data in this report are for transit fiscal years ending between July 1, 1981 and June 30, 1982. KW - Age KW - Bus transportation KW - Crash rates KW - Deployment KW - Energy consumption KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Public transit KW - Rapid transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Subsidies KW - Trolleybuses KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198583 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384891 AU - McGean, T J AU - Haussmann, J G AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF THE SAN DIEGO LIGHT RAIL SYSTEM PY - 1983/11 SP - 218 p. AB - This report documents an assssment of the San Diego Light Rail Transit (LRT) system which began revenue service on July 26, 1981. The objectives of this assessment are: to document early planning leading to the decision to build, essentially without federal funding; to document the system that was built entirely with limited state and local funds; to assess the performance and operation of this system; to assess the applicability to other cities of this low-budget approach for providing rail transit service; and to provide urban planners with information to assist them in determining whether this type transit can meet their specific needs. This report is limited to an assessment of the original first phase system which began operation in July 1981. The San Diego LRT (San Diego Trolley) operates both on city streets and on the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway dedicated right-of-way. The 25.5 km system was built at a cost of $85.8 million, all at-grade and runs from San Diego to San Ysidro at the border with Mexico. In this report, the San Diego trolley is described and its technology assessed--cars, track, power and facilities. The assessment of operations includes patronage, mixed traffic, single tracking, and staffing. Reliability, energy consumption and safety are included in the performance assessment. Economics are addressed in terms of capital costs, operating costs, and comparisons with other systems. The project history is described, including organization, planning and system implementation. Information and data were collected from literature surveys, site visits, interviews, and reviews of operating and maintenance logs. KW - Capital KW - Economic analysis KW - Financing KW - History KW - Light rail transit KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Performance evaluations KW - San Diego (California) KW - State government KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199089 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394520 AU - Vaughn, T C AU - Mokkapati, C AU - Bozio, R P AU - American Standard, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE MITIGATION OF AUDIO FREQUENCY SIGNALING SYSTEM FOR BALTIMORE REGION RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1983/11 SP - 186 p. AB - This report describes the work done in five phases on the development of an Audio Frequency Signaling System which is compatible with the Westinghouse Electric propulsion control chopper. A train detection receiver using the synchronous rectification concept was developed and tested using intereference generated by a prototype chopper. Results indicate a high level of immunity against induced interference from the chopper equipment. The signaling system and the propusion control chopper system are being used on the Baltimore Region Rapid Transit System (and also on the Metropolitan Dade County Rapid Transit System). This report also includes manufacturing, design and installation drawings, qualification test procedures and results, and field test procedures and results applicable to the Audio Frequency Signaling System. KW - Audio frequency track circuits KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Choppers KW - Choppers (Electricity) KW - Electric power conditioning KW - Electromagnetic interference KW - Rapid transit KW - Signaling KW - Track circuits KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212540 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390701 AU - Arnold, G AU - Blume, N AU - Heisey, E AU - Swearingen, B AU - Walker, G M AU - Association of American Railroads AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NIAGARA FRONTIER TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY VEHICLE TESTS PY - 1983/11 SP - 301 p. AB - A prototype single car, intended for use on revenue (Niagara Frontier Transportation Authorit-NFTA) line in Buffalo, New York, was tested over a twelve-week period by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). Testing at the Transportation Test Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado, was sponsored by the Office of Systems Engineering of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). The car was manufactured by the Tokyu Car Corporation of Japan, and utilized a Westinghouse propulsion system and Knorr friction brakes. Through the combined efforts of personnel from the Tokyo Car Corporation, the AAR/TTC, and additional subcontractors and consultants, the car was fitted with comprehensive instrumentation and prepared for testing in areas of acceleration/deceleration, power consumption, noise, ride quality, and overall performance under simulated revenue service profiles (duty cycle). Data reduction was performed by the staff of the TTC resulting in the following conclusions: Generally, the car satisfied specification criteria outlined in the test requirements-with some minor exceptions. Reliability was excellent for all systems. One instance of propulsion motor flash-over occurred during a duty cycle run, but could not be duplicated subsequently. Friction braking, though criteria were met, evidenced low thermal capacity. Generally, system adjustments and alignments allowed for obtaining optimum performance. However, some settings were observed to be quite critical, thus indicating a need to carefully follow setup and adjustment procedures in preparation for revenue service. KW - Braking performance KW - Buffalo (New York) KW - Japan KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Motors KW - Prototypes KW - Reliability KW - Technology KW - Testing KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Transportation Technology Center KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206236 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389400 AU - Porthouse, H W AU - Allen, D C AU - Elms, C P AU - Diewald, W J AU - Dewey, S H AU - Data Communication, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STARS--IMPROVED AIR COMFORT SYSTEM PHASE I FINAL REPORT, VOLUME II PY - 1983/11 SP - 246 p. AB - As part of UMTA's Subsystems Technology Application to Rail Systems (STARS) Program, a comprehensive study of the problems of rail transit car air conditioning was undertaken. Air conditioning units in the transit environment hve high failure rates, and are costly to maintain. Five transit authorities participated in the study: Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART), Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO), Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH), and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). A separate study of the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) was undertaken by the consultant, and the findings included as part of this report. The 6 authorities studied use air comfort systems made by 4 different manufacturers on 20 types of railcar. These air comfort system and railcar types are of different ages, and hve been maintained with varying degrees of thoroughness. This diversity of factors precludes overall correlation of system failure problems among the participating authorities. The problems we identified during on-site visits are therfore discussed for each authority with comparisons drawn between authorities as applicable. The study determined that there are major factors contributint to air conditioning problems: (1) hardware design, (2) deficiencies in maintenance information systems. (3) preventive maintenance, (4) employee training, (5) technical documentation, and (6) parts procurement, storage. As part of the analysis, a cost-benefit ratio was developed for improvements made in each problem area. A conceptual design for a new concept modular air conditioning system is also included in the report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Cooling equipment KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintainability KW - Management information systems KW - Modular structures KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205461 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389399 AU - Porthouse, H W AU - Allen, D C AU - Elms, C P AU - Diewald, W J AU - Dewey, S H AU - Data Communication, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STARS--IMPROVED AIR CONFORT SYSTEM PHASE I FINAL REPORT, VOLUME I PY - 1983/11 SP - 147 p. AB - As part of UMTA's Subsystems Technology Application to Rail Systems (STARS) Probram, a comprehensive study of the problems of rail transit car air conditioning was undertaken. Air conditioning units in the transit environment have high failure rates, and are costly to maintain. Five transit authorities participated in the study: Bay Area Raid Transit District (BART), Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO), Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH), and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). A separate study of the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) was undertaken by the consultant, and the findings included as part of this report. The 6 authorities studied use air comfort systems made by 4 different manufacturers on 20 types of railcar. These air comfort system and railcar types are of different ages, and have been maintained with varying degrees of thoroughness. This diversity of factors precludes overall correlation of system failure problems among the participating authorities. The problems we identified during on-site visits are therfore discussed for each authority with comparisons drawn between authorities as applicable. The study determined that there are major factors contibuting to air conditioning problems: (1) hardware design, (2) deficiencies in maintenance information systems, (3) preventive maintenance, (4) employee training, (5) technical documentation, and (6) parts procurement, storage. As part of the analysis, a cost-benefit ratio was developed for improvements made in each problem area. A conceptual design for a new concept modular air conditioning system is also included in the report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Cooling equipment KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Maintainability KW - Management information systems KW - Modular structures KW - Passenger car design KW - Passenger cars KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Reliability KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205460 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386298 AU - Kornhauser, A L AU - ASH, T M AU - Rinderle, C AU - Princeton University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUCTION OF WORK TRIP LENGTH THROUGH HOME MORTGAGE SUBSIDY INCENTIVES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/11 SP - 5 p. AB - This study analyzes the geographically restricted home mortgage subsidy program at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. The objective of the program is to ensure that the University remains residential by offering faculty and senior level staff incentives to purchase a home in the Princeton area. Financed by the University out of its general endowment, the mortgage program applies to first mortgages only. This report examines the potential reduction of vehicle miles travelled (VMT) resulting from mortgage subsidies to households willing to live within a specified distance of the workplace of a household member. The paper presents the need for a geographically restricted loan policy; theoretical evidence supporting such a policy; empirical analysis of the results of the Princeton mortgage program with respect to VMT, energy consumption, and air pollution; and means of inducing the private sector to participate in such a program. The work trip characteristics of Princeton University employees are compared to work trip characteristics of employees at comparable Princeton-area employees. The results of this study suggest that the Princeton University mortgage subsidy program has reduced Princeton employee work trip VMT and gasoline consumption at a reasonable cost. KW - Accessibility KW - Commuting KW - Contract terms KW - Energy conservation KW - Incentives KW - Loans KW - Residential areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Universities and colleges KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200086 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386294 AU - McComas, S T AU - Uhran, J J AU - Flentz, J L AU - Ham, A E AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 11--PREDICTION OF ICE FORMATION PY - 1983/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. The program was initially directed to solutions for automated guideway transit system cold weather problems in support of the downtown people mover program (DPM). However, curtailment of the DPM program in November 1980, caused UMTA to redirect the focus of the program to obtain solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. Therefore, the objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This volume presents results of research on the prediction of ice/frost formation on a local scale through the measurement of site specific metrological parameters. The objective of this study is to make in-situ measurements of environmental conditions under which ice or frost has formed on an exposed surface such as a rail or electrical bus. Computerized monitoring systems that are already available will then have access to information that will increase their ability to judge or forecast warnings of probable frost formation and how soon it will occur. The ice formation studies include the design parameters for a local weather station which monitors ambient conditions and predicts the projected onset of ice accumulation through humidity condensation, freezing precipitation, or freezing surface water. This data would be transmitted to transit systems and vehicle operators as an aid in planning specific countermeasures. KW - Cold weather KW - Detectors KW - Equipment KW - Frost KW - Humidity KW - Ice KW - Meteorology KW - Monitoring KW - Monitoring devices UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200082 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386304 AU - Seekell, F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UPDATED RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF V730 TRANSMISSION PY - 1983/11 SP - 23 p. AB - This report culminates a two-year review of factors concerning the reliability of the Detroit Diesel Allison V730 automatic three-speed transmission for urban transit buses. This report is a continuing examination of the transmission's reliability. Made by the Detroit Diesel Allison Division of General Motors, the V730 is used in almost all urban transit coaches in the United States. This transmission displayed signs of poor reliability soon after its introduction to city transit service in late 1976. Its poor performance was attributable to a number of causes including service and maintenance, as well as design and general quality. This document is a follow-up to the report entitled: Reliability Evaluation of V730 Transmission, October 1982, NTIS number PB 83-167056, A03. The 1982 report covers transmissions manufactured between 1976 and 1981. This present report concentrates on newer transmissions which have been produced since that time and which incorporate a number of design improvements. The data was obtained from eight transit agencies representing the variety of environments across the United States. Methods of data analysis are essentially the same as in the first report, which includes distributions of mileage to first-time failure and mileages attained by unfailed transmissions. Comparisons are made between these newer transmissions and those of the earlier report. Conclusions include reliability improvements. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Diesel engines KW - Failure analysis KW - Maintainability KW - Quality control KW - Reliability KW - Standard buses KW - Standardization KW - Transmissions KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200092 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386309 AU - Dooley, T AU - Spiller, D AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINANCIAL PLANNING IN TRANSIT: USE OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE MICROCOMPUTER SOFTWARE PY - 1983/11 SP - 92 p. AB - This report addresses the potential of using commercially available microcomputer software for transit financial planning activities. Discussions with transit operators identified the need for inexpensive, easy to use software for ridership and fare revenue analysis, expense estimation, non-fare revenue forecasting and cash management. Specific requirements for data input, manipulation and output were developed based on three prototypical problems in each functional area. Two electronic worksheet programs and three financial modeling packages were considered as representative of the type of products available. The representative products were examined, using the defined information processing requirements, to determine how they could be applied to solve typical transit financial planning problems. This review was conducted through actual use of the products or a review of their user manuals. It was concluded that, despite some limitations, these products could meet most of the processing requirements and would provide significant assistance to transit operators throughout the financial planning process. An appendix is provided which summarizes the functions, source, approximate price, hardware configuration requirements and program limits of each product. KW - Cash flow KW - Computer programs KW - Expenses KW - Finance KW - Financial planning KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Operating expenses KW - Revenues KW - Software UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200094 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386295 AU - Larson, A R AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 5--THIRD RAIL DEICING SYSTEM RESEARCH PY - 1983/11 SP - 137 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. The program was initially directed to solutions for automated guideway transit system cold weather problems in support of the downtown people mover program (DPM). However, curtailment of the DPM program in November 1980, caused UMTA to redirect the focus of the program to obtain solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. Therefore, the objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report addresses the third rail deicing research, and investigated the use of new or high technology concepts for removing or preventing ice on existing transit system third rails. The work started with a survey of rail transit systems to establish the nature and extent of the problem and to examine solutions currently employed. Potential solutions were then developed in concept and were evaluated technically. From these, three concepts were selected for element testing. These included radio frequency induction heating, high pressure water jet, and improved electrical resistance heating deicer systems. Based on the results of the element tests, the high pressure water vehicle mounted and the improved resistance heating wayside concepts were selected for operational tests. Prototype systems were developed and tested during the winter of 1982-1983 on the Orange Line System of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Following completion of these tests, a cost/benefit analysis was conducted. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Induction heating KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Resistance heating KW - Testing KW - Third rail KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200083 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386299 AU - Kornhauser, A L AU - ASH, T M AU - Rinderle, C AU - Princeton University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - REDUCTION OF WORK TRIP LENGTH THROUGH HOME MORTGAGE SUBSIDY INCENTIVES PY - 1983/11 SP - 95 p. AB - This study analyzes the geographically restricted mortgage program at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. The objective of the program is to ensure that the University remains residential by offering faculty and senior level staff incentives to purchase a home in the Princeton area. Financed by the University out of its general endowment, the mortgage program applies to first mortgages only. This report examines the potential reduction of vehicle miles travelled (VMT) resulting from mortgage subsidies to households willing to live within a specified distance of the workplace of a household member. The paper presents the need for a geographically restricted loan policy; theoretical evidence supporting such a policy; empirical analysis of the results of the Princeton mortgage program with respect to VMT, energy consumption, and air pollution; and means of inducing the private sector to participate in such a programs. The work trip characteristics of Princeton University to work trip characteristics of employees at comparable employees are compared Princeton-area employees. The results of this study suggest that the Princeton University mortgage subsidy program has reduced Princeton employee work trip VMT and gasoline consumption at a reasonable cost. KW - Accessibility KW - Commuting KW - Contract terms KW - Energy conservation KW - Incentives KW - Loans KW - Residential areas KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Universities and colleges KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200087 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382224 AU - Paul, S L AU - HENDRON, A J AU - Cording, E J AU - Sgouros, G E AU - SAHA, P K AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGS--VOLUME II: SUMMARY OF RESEARCH AND PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1983/11 SP - 176 p. AB - The report presents design recommendations for concrete tunnel linings for transportation tunnels. The recommendations developed as a result of in-depth analysis and model testing of the behavior of concrete tunnel linings. The research addressed problem areas in current design practice, and the results have provided insight into the areas of uncertainty that have led designers to gross overconservatism in tunnel lining design. The recommended procedures take into account ultimate strength behavior of reinforced and unreinforced concrete linings and provide sufficient latitude for designers to exercise judgement gained through experience and allow the flexibility required by site-specific conditions. Details of the suggested approach are based on procedures that have been accepted for years in the design of above-ground structures, with appropriate modifications to capitalize on the benefits of ground/structure interaction. KW - Concrete linings KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Geology KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Soft soils KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198308 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384902 AU - Albright, R AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SELECTING A SINGLE-USER SYSTEM. VOLUME 2. SECOND EDITION PY - 1983/11 SP - 145 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agenices maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is one of selected readings covering technical aspects of microcomputer equipment, software, data communications and other topics. Each volume of selected readings will focus on a single aspect. Volume 2 recommends a general selection procedure and describes hardware and software in detail. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Computer programs KW - Information processing KW - Information storage and retrieval systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Software KW - Systems engineering KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199100 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382621 AU - Strieder, W C AU - Jayaram, B S AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 15--MODELING AND ANALYSES OF THERMAL CONDUCTION IN SEVERAL ICE MELTING PROBLEMS PY - 1983/11 SP - 41 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The CWTT program is a project to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. The program was initially directed to solutions for automated guideway transit system cold weather problems in support of the downtown people mover program (DPM). However, curtailment of the DPM program in November 1980, caused UMTA to redirect the focus of the program to obtain solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. Therefore, the objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report presents heat transfer calculations which were performed to assist in the solution of problems in cold weather mass transit operations. The purpose of this research is to present calculated energy efficiencies and melting rates under the various operating conditions for a radio frequency (RF) induction ice removal process. This process induces the electromagnetic energy in the outer skin of rails with magnetic properties--in this case, at the rail-ice interface. following the formation of a thin water layer at the interface, the ice is easily scraped off the rail. The authors point out that this effort complements the work in the RF coil design group reported in Volume 14 and the system development test of Volume 5. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Electromagnetic radiation KW - Melting KW - Radio waves KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Third rail KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198610 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382267 AU - Payne, J N AU - Lawson, S J AU - Barrilleaux, H P AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 8: BUS WHEEL HOUSING DEICING PROJECT PY - 1983/11 SP - 51 p. AB - The Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program was initiated to develop new and effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of transit systems in severe cold, ice, and snow. The CWTT program is being implemented by UMTA through a grant to the University of Notre Dame with the Vought Corporation as the principal contractor. Bus operations in the winter tend to collect ice and slush within the bus wheel housings due to wheel splash. This buildup of ice eventually contacts the steering wheels and linkages, thereby limiting or preventing safe operation of the bus. The objective of this task was to evaluate the effectiveness of a wheel housing deicer on an existing bus transit system. This report presents the design and development of a bus wheel housing deicer system and its evaluation during the winters of 1981-1982 and 1982-1983. This task was conducted in 3 phases: 1) a survey was conducted of bus systems to quantify the wheel housing icing problems and to identify a particular bus model and property location for the performance of the deicer evaluation; 2) an analysis was made of various devices to determine the most applicable wheel housing deicing method for evaluation; and 3) operational evaluation involved designing, fabricating, and installing a deicer system in the steered wheel housing areas of an existing bus and comparing its operation with an unmodified bus operating in same winter environment. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Deicing KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Housings KW - Ice KW - Steering KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198331 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382606 AU - Lawson, S J AU - Barrilleaux, H P AU - Randolph, D G AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 7: TRACK SWITCH DEICING SYSTEM RESEARCH PY - 1983/11 SP - 152 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the U.S. Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA) Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program that aims to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report documents the research and testing of existing and newly emerging railway track switch deicing systems to determine their performance and economic characteristics. This investigative research of deicing systems used by railroads and rail transit systems was undertaken in 3 phases. Phases 1 did a literature search/survey of North American railroads and rail transit systems, European railroads and rail transit systems, and switch heater element and system suppliers in order to understand and define the track switch operational problems (PB 83-219527). Phase 2 and the bulk of this research task evaluated the performance and energy requirements for electrically powered switch heating systems. Phase 3 initiated a comparative evaluation of a high performance versus a low energy switch heater system installed at a northern railroad site (Niles, Michigan). This report states that the results indicate that current railway track switch heater systems that use mineral insulated (MI) tubular heating elements are able to provide the necessary performance to insure continued switch operations under severe cold weather conditions, and it recommends continuing switch deicing research in such areas as low energy switch heating systems, ice and snow detections systems, etc. KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Demand KW - Electric power demand KW - Electric power supply KW - Energy conservation KW - Heating KW - Rapid transit KW - Resistance heating KW - Snow removal KW - Switch heaters KW - Switches (Railroads) KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198595 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382608 AU - Lave, R E AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF THE CAREERS OF PARTICIPANTS IN UMTA'S TRANSIT MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS (SECTION 10) PY - 1983/11 SP - 48 p. AB - This paper contains the results of a study of two Transit Management Training Programs for which UMTA provides fellowships. From 1969 to 1982, 428 fellowships were granted for attending a program at Carnegie-Mellon University, and 769 for attending Northeastern University, the two programs included in the study. The study focuses on determining certain characteristics of the careers of over 400 employees who attended these courses from 15 transit agencies. A typical employee was promoted two and one half years after taking the course. A high percentage of the attendees reported that the courses had dramatically positive effects on them. Another finding is that almost 60 percent of those employees who attended a course remained with the agency that sent them and almost 7 percent transferred to other transit agencies. Excluding involuntary job changes (retirement, dismissal, etc.) only 11 percent of the sample of transit personnel taking the course have left the transit industry. KW - Curricula KW - Management KW - Training KW - Umta section 10 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198597 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382269 AU - Koonce, B L AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 6: WINTERIZATION OF SELF-VENTILATED TRACTION MOTORS ON RAPID TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1983/11 SP - 162 p. AB - The Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program was initiated to develop new and effective methods for assuring the dependable operation of transit systems in severe cold, ice, and snow. The CWTT program is being implemented by UMTA through a grant to the University of Notre Dame with the Vought Corporation as the prinicipal contractor. The objectives of this study was to investigate the perceived traction motor failure problem, the evaluation and development of prototype hardware to overcome the problem, and the subsequent evaluation of that hardware in an operating transit system environment. This report documents the successful development and evaluation of a system designed to reduce the failure rate of self-ventilated traction motors used in cold climate cities. Forced ventilation with clean, dry air appeared to provide a suitable solution. Tests were conducted on filters and separators that could eliminate the contaminants and provide the clean dry air. All devices proved unsatisfactory. A low velocity inlet separator was developed in the laboratory where it proved highly successful in separating snow and freezing mist. This new system was then committed to prototype design for installation on two rapid transit cars of the Chicago Transit Authority. These cars have been operated through 1983 with a high degree of success. Cost benefit analysis of the system indicated that it could be economically incorporated into a transit system's self-ventilated traction motor propelled cars. KW - Air filters KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Cold weather KW - Failure KW - Filters KW - Moisture content KW - Motors KW - Operations KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Separators KW - Snow KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Ventilation systems UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198333 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382609 AU - Walther, E S AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO INCREASED FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1983/11 SP - 184 p. AB - The original objective of the present research was to examine and assess the responses of selected state and local financial structures which support public transit and of the associated public transit systems to the phased withdrawal of federal operating assistance. While a phased withdrawal did not occur, the passage of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (STAA) did place caps upon the amount of federal transit assistance which could be used for operating subsidies and altered the method of disbursement of federal transit capital assistance funds. However, the full impacts of these changes in the federal transit assistance program have not been realized by all the respondents examined. Additionally, the impacts of the changes in the federal program are interwoven with effects of economic recession, tight state and local budgets and a variety of local phenomena which exist independently of a changing federal transit program. The report addresses the impacts of the STAA in all cases where these impacts have been examined by the respondent. STAA induced changes are separated from changes which derive from other causes. Every effort has been made to assocate particular alterations in the financial structures and in the other factors examined with a particular causative process. This report examines by in-depth personal interview, the particulars of the financial structures supporting public transit in five states and the circumstances of six public transit providers located in those states. The perspective taken in the study is that of a financial manager confronting a set of laws, rules and regulations which direct and confine the tasks of financing a public transit system. KW - Capital KW - Financing KW - Legislation KW - Local government KW - Operating costs KW - Policy KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198598 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382605 AU - Lee, LHN AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 16: MODELING OF ICE FRACTURE PY - 1983/11 SP - 170 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the U.S. Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration's (UMTA) Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program that aims to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. This report presents analytical and laboratory investigation results on mechanical techniques for removing ice from a rail, namely, the fracture of ice by scrapers and water jets. The investigations emphasize the determination of stress distributions within the ice to be removed and at the substrate-ice interface. In addition to theoretical studies of ice buckling phenomena and ice crack branching at the ice-substrate interface, three special systems were studied: ice debonding from an ideal composite rail; design of new ice scrapers; and hydroblast. The composite rail study supports work in Volume 10 which discusses composite rail designs. A hydroblast system was developed by Vought (Volume 5). The hydroblast investigation supported that effort and agreed with laboratory test data. The P-L ice scraper designs reduce significantly the force required to separate the ice from the substrate. This report contains numerous charts depicting such items as interface stress, dynamic buckling of ice strip, ice scrapers, crack branching, and deicing by hydroblast. KW - Bond strength (Materials) KW - Bonding KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Excavating equipment KW - Railhead KW - Railroad tracks KW - Scrapers (Construction equipment) KW - Track structures KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Waterjets UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198594 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382618 AU - KING, C AU - BAKER, J AU - Kusko (Alexander) Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPECIFICATION GUIDE FOR SNOW REMOVAL VEHICLES FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1983/11 SP - 174 p. AB - During the Winter of 1977-1978, a major snow storm shut down the Boston transit system for almost a week and the Winter of 1978-1979 produced similar snow conditions that paraylzed the Chicago transit system and disabled more than half of their rail fleet. As a result of these disruptions and breakdowns, the Snow Belt Transit operators became increasingly aware of the need for special measures that must be taken in order to maintain rail operation during severe winter conditions. This need was highlighted at the American Public Transit Association's conference in the Spring of 1979 at which time a Snow and Ice emergency Task Force was formed. This task force determined that a high capacity special purpose snow removal vehicle was needed by the industry, designed for removing the heaviest accumulation from a rail transit system's right-of-way. This Specification Guide is intended as a guide for Snow Belt rail transit operators to use in the preparation of technical specifications for the procurement of snow removal vehicles. It is not intended to be a procurement document. This Guide has been developed to provide the purchaser with a choice as to the type of vehicle and options that will best satisfy site-specific needs. Since the operating constraints of commuter rail are no more restrictive than those for rapid transit, commuter rail operators are encouraged to use this document in the development of their own technical specifications for snow removal vehicles. Only existing, proven design concepts are considered here in the interest of lower costs, shorter delivery times, and avoidance of costly prototype developments for each transit system. The three types of snow removal vehicles described in this Specification Guide are: 1) rail-mounted "jet" blower; 2) rail-mounted rotary blower; and 3) rail/highway rotary blower. KW - Blowers KW - Deicing chemicals KW - Fans KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Snow removal KW - Snowplows KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381114 AU - Paul, S L AU - HENDRON, A J AU - Cording, E J AU - Sgouros, G E AU - SAHA, P K AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGS--VOLUME II: SUMMARY OF RESEARCH AND PROPOSED RECOMMENDATIONS PY - 1983/11 SP - 176 p. AB - The report presents design recommendations for concrete tunnel linings for transportation tunnels. The recommendations developed as a result of in-depth analysis and model testing of the behavior of concrete tunnel linings. The research addressed problem areas in current design practice, and the results have provided insight into the areas of uncertainty that have led designers to gross overconservatism in tunnel lining design. The recommended procedures take into account ultimate strength behavior of reinforced and unreinforced concrete linings and provide sufficient latitude for designers to exercise judgement gained thourgh experience and allow the flexibility required by site-specific conditions. Details of the suggested approach are based on procedures that have been accepted for years in the design of above-ground structures, with appropriate modifications to capitalize on the benefits of ground/structure interaction. KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Geology KW - Reinforced concrete KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Soft soils KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Structural design KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197558 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382223 AU - Paul, S L AU - HENDRON, A J AU - Sgouros, G E AU - SAHA, P K AU - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONCRETE TUNNEL LININGS--VOLUME I: RESULTS OF MODEL TESTS AND ANALYTICAL PARAMETER STUDIES PY - 1983/11 SP - 520 p. AB - This report describes model tests and analytical studies that were performed to augment background information based on experience, interviews with design engineers, and review of the literature to propose design recommendations for concrete tunnel linings. Tests of model arches that represent underground stations and circular linings that represent continuous tunnels in rock-like media are described. Ten arches, 6 ft (1.8m) diameter, were tested to investigate modes of failure and determine the effects of lining thickness, medium stiffness, lining stiffness, lining reinforcement, shear between the lining, and medium and active load shape. Tests are also described of five circular linings, 1.0 in. (25 mm) thick and 44 in. (1120 mm) diameter, in which the effects of lining reinforcement, medium stiffness, and joints in the lining are investigated. A computer based analysis is described that will simulate a concrete lining and include the nonlinear behavior due to material properties of the concrete and reinforcement and cracking of the concrete. In the analysis, the nonlinearity due to deformations can also be included. The medium around the lining can be represented by radial and tangential springs or by continuum elements, and in the latter case, a special interface element between the lining and medium may be used. This analysis was used to simulate the model tests to verify the program and the various input parameters, and then to investigate the various parameters that have a major influence on lining behavior and lining-medium interaction. KW - Computer programs KW - Concrete KW - Concrete tunnel liners KW - Construction KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Model studies KW - Rock tunneling KW - Rocks KW - Soft soils KW - Soil structure interaction KW - Structural design KW - Structural models KW - Studies KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Test facilities KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198307 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382232 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. SELECTED READINGS VOLUME #2 SECOND EDITION PY - 1983/11 SP - 131 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U. S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is one in a series of selected readings covering technical aspects of microcomputer equipment, software, data communications and other topics. Each volume of selected readings will focus on a single aspect. Thus far, these are: Volume 1 "Getting Started in Microcomputers" Volume 2 "Selecting a Single User System" Volume 2 responds to the growing number of people in transportation-related industries who have decided to acquire a single-user microcomputer and are asking "What should I get?" It recommends a general selection procedure and describes hardware and software in detail. This second edition of Volume 2 updates information contained in the old Volume 2. Old Volume 2 is no longer available. KW - Guidelines KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Public transit KW - Selecting KW - Software KW - Traffic engineering UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198313 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382222 AU - Crain, J AU - Crain and Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1981 WORKSHOP ON RURAL TRANSPORTATION ON INDIAN RESERVATIONS, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHY PY - 1983/11 SP - 66 p. AB - This is a final report on the proceedings of the Workshop on Rural Transportation on Indian Reservations. The workshop was held on August 17, 1981 as an adjunct to the Fifth National Conference on Rural Public Transportation. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together representatives of Indian tribes and Government agencies with an interest in rural public transportation programs on Indian reservations. Its objectives were: 1) to solidify the knowledge gained through Section 147 and other Federal and state experiences; and 2) to plan for continuing the momentum of accomplishment into the future despite reduction of Federal support. The workshop was quite successful in pursuing these objectives. A program of presentations and case studies was followed by focus groups to discuss selected issues and a final summary session with reports from the focus groups and an open discussion. The report contains, as appendices, two bibliographies of rural transportation reports and related references prepared by state and Federal agencies. KW - Bibliographies KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Indian reservations KW - Native Americans KW - Rural areas KW - Service agencies KW - Social service KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 18 KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vanpools KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198306 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381027 AU - Viton, P A AU - Morlok, E K AU - Sudalaimuthu, P AU - KROUK, S E AU - Yaksick, R C AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE FEASIBILITY AND DESIRABILITY OF PRIVATELY-PROVIDED TRANSIT SERVICES. VOLUME ONE PY - 1983/11 SP - 145 p. AB - This research investigates the possibility of the provision of urban bus transit services in selected markets by a private for-profit carrier. The heart of the research is a private market model which models the way in which a for-profit carrier selects service quality and price. The purpose of the private market model is to facilitate analysis of situations in which a private transit provider would, or could be induced to, provide service. The results indicate that profitable service is feasible in a wide variety of market situations when the only alternative is the private car. Moreover, there is considerable felexiblity available to the private carrier. If, however, the private carrier must compete with a subsidized or public carrier, private-carrier entry is deterred in all but the largest markets. When competition is only with the private car, profits can be suficient to cover the non-Federal costs of providing an exclusive roadway. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Competition KW - Operating costs KW - Pricing KW - Private enterprise KW - Profitability KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Subsidies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197472 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381026 AU - Viton, P A AU - Morlok, E K AU - Sudalaimuthu, P AU - KROUK, S E AU - Yaksick, R C AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE FEASIBILITY AND DESIRABILITY OF PRIVATELY-PROVIDED TRANSIT SERVICES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/11 SP - 14 p. AB - This research investigates the possibility of the provision of urban bus transit service in selected markets by a private for-profit carrier. The heart of the research is a private market model which models the way in which a for-profit carrier selects service quality and price. The purpose of the private market model is to facilitate analysis of situations in which a private transit provider would, or could be induced to, provide service. The results indicate that profitable service is feasible in a wide variety of market situations when the only alternative is the private car. Moreover, there is considerable flexibility available to the private carrier. If, however, the private carrier must compete with a subsidized or public carrier, private-carrier entry is deterred in all but the largest markets. When competition is only with the private car, profits can be sufficient to cover the non-Federal costs of providing an exclusive roadway. Volume 2 of this research analyses the labor costs of transit provision, with particular reference to the size of the firm. It concludes that transit provision by small firms would reduce labor costs substantially, enable the economic use of minibuses, and aid in the attainment of the goal of profitable service. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Competition KW - Operating costs KW - Pricing KW - Private enterprise KW - Profitability KW - Public transit KW - Quality of service KW - Subsidies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387706 AU - Rubin, D AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ASSESSING PERSONNEL MOTIVATION NEEDS IN TRANSIT: THE TWIN CITIES STUDY PY - 1983/10 SP - 135 p. AB - In a labor-intensive industry like transit, one means of improving productivity is to motivate personnel. Limited financial resources and the changing age composition of today's work-force are two important factors in such motivation. The Twin Cities Metropolitan Transit Commission (MTC), operator of the transit system in Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan area, had its Human Resources Department develop a Motivational Research Project to better understand the needs of its labor force. This report documents the initial step in the project--an assessment of the employees' feeling and attitudes toward the workplace. A written survey, a number of group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted. This report includes a description of the project setting and the events that led to its initiation; a discussion of the design of the study; the results of the survey, discussion groups and interviews; and the conclusions. MTC employees were found to have real pride in what they do and the agency for which they work. Their jobs are an important element in their lives and the quality of the workplace is a significant element in job satisfaction. The initial phase has led to a series of follow-on efforts. KW - Data collection KW - Human resources KW - Human resources management KW - Incentives KW - Interviewing KW - Job analysis KW - Labor relations KW - Personnel management KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Saint Paul (Minnesota) KW - Surveys KW - Transit vehicle operations UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56329/assessingperson8419coms_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201135 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386356 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ALTERNATIVE FINANCING FOR URBAN TRANSPORTATION. STATE-OF-ART CASE ANALYSES PY - 1983/10 SP - 114 p. AB - This is a summary of the use, by 43 agencies, of non-traditional techniques for funding transit and urban highway services. This report is designed to introduce public officials and transportation planners at the state and local levels to a range of available funding sources and to facilitate their efforts in determining whether these sources will be useful in meeting their area's transportation needs. The 49 brief case studies included in the report reflect the variety of efforts being made by large and small transit agencies and highway departments to cope with shortfalls in funding. These efforts were selected for inclusion, because they entailed one or more of the following characteristics: Use of non-traditional source of revenue (sources other than fare box or property tax revenues); strong involvement of the private sector; use for the first time in the transportation field (although there may have previous non-transportation applications); and creative examples of public-private cooperation. KW - Air rights KW - Assessments KW - Case studies KW - Contracting KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Fuel tax KW - Fuel taxes KW - Fuels KW - Highways KW - Leasing KW - Local government KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Toll roads UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200124 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382565 AU - Keefer (Louis E) Associates AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - AN INTERIM REVIEW ON NINE UMTA-ASSISTED JOINT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS PY - 1983/10 SP - 53 p. AB - This report deals with joint development, analyzing the relative success of nine such projects begun under the former UMTA Urban Initiatives Program funding assistance. Because none of the projects in Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Cambridge, Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Miami, Philadelphia and Santa Ana has yet been completed, the benefits reported are those expected to accrue to the transit operating agencies and thus to the UMTA assistance program. Benefits include induced net additional transit ridership and revenues, and proceeds from the sale or lease of joint development property. Ridership and revenues are expected to be sufficient to repay UMTA's $49.5 million investment in less than six years. The UMTA cost of $1,000 to $2,000 per net daily additional transit trip, one of the cost-effectiveness indicators used in alternatives analysis, is significantly lower than for most other UMTA Section 3 capital assistance investments. The UMTA funding leveraged another $100 million in public investment and over $700 million in private investment. The projects will generate over 30,000 new permanent jobs and yield almost $17 million in property taxes yearly. Large projects seem most successful. KW - Bus terminals KW - Capital KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Employment KW - Joint development KW - Private enterprise KW - Property taxes KW - Rail transit stations KW - Return on investment KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 3 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198573 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452515 AU - Sterling Systems, Incorporated AU - VIA Metropolitan Transit AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SAN ANTONIO'S 1983 BUS PASSENGER SURVEY PY - 1983/10 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents the ridership survey conducted for VIA Metropolitan Transit in San Antonio, TX, in 1983. The report contains a summary of major findings of the survey and a summary of the technical approach used to design and conduct the survey. The survey was deemed valuable for long and short range planning by VIA. Data collected included passenger counts, origins and destinations, trip characteristics and person characteristics. On an average day nearly 108,000 persons rode VIA buses. It was found that about 31 percent of riders are in the AM peak and 33 percent in the midday off-peak, about 28 percent in the evening peak and 8 percent in the evening off-peak. About 8 percent used passes, 4 percent were elderly, 2 percent handicapped and 23 percent paid student fares. About 23 percent used transfers. Almost 4000 patrons needed to make 2 or more transfers, with origins and destinations identified so VIA staff may evaluate service to such points. Origins and destinations in all cases are based on census tracts. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fares KW - Long range planning KW - Long term KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Origin and destination KW - Planning KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - San Antonio (Texas) KW - Transferring KW - Transfers UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5500/5590/796a.pdf UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56550/sanantonios19838525viam_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269245 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00395222 AU - System Design Concepts, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SPEEDING THE FUNDING AND PROCESSING OF THE TRANSIT CAPITAL PROGRAM PY - 1983/10 SP - 101 p. AB - Continuing effort to reduce delays in the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's (MTA) capital program and review process generated this study. The purpose of the study was to shorten and improve the public agency review and approval process for the MTA's capital program while preserving the essential interests of the various governmental units involved. The study focuses on 5 specific areas that involved the bulk of reviews and approvals by public agencies: 1) adequacy of information, 2) planning and policy, 3) budgetary and administration, 4) capital grants, and 5) public participation. Section 2 of this study documents the changes and improvoements in the overall funding, review, and approval process that have occurred since the 1979 MTA Management Study, and includes a summary of the major actions taken by the MTA/TA, City, State, and Federal government to solve these problems. Improvements include new management, new legislation and capital funding policies, revised procedures, and new institutional arrangements. The new process emerging from these changes and improvements is outlined herein. Section 3, the final section, presents the detailed findings and recommendations of the study for each of the 5 areas investigated. An overview of the study findings, conclusions, and recommendations is presented in the Executive Summary of this report. Study results indicate that dramatic improvements have occurred since 1979, and additional initiatives are underway. These changes are speeding the funding and processing of the transit capital program, and are contributing to the evolution of a new, more effective and efficient planning, review, and approval process, specific to the New York region. KW - Budgeting KW - Capital KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Institutional issues KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Metropolitan transportation authority KW - New York (New York) KW - New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority KW - Public participation KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/213027 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389752 AU - Lyons, D L AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXI REGULATION IN A FREE ENTRY MARKET. A CASE STUDY OF WASHINGTON, D. C. PY - 1983/10 SP - 207 p. AB - This study examines taxi regulation in a free entry market, regulatory trends and regulators willingness to encourage increased private sector participation in public transportation. The specific objectives of this research project were to: 1) Analyze in detail the current state of taxi regulations in a free entry market; 2) Identify and analyze any regulatory trends in the free entry market; 3) Ascertain and delineate the local public body's point of view on taxi regulation in the area; 4) Determine the willingness of local government to encourage greater private sector participation in public transportation; and 5) Formulate recommendations and strategies for increasing private sector participation in public transportation. The research team focused on four areas of taxi regulation: entry controls; fare policy; operating standards and financial responsibility. A case study approach was used to examine and analyze the current state of taxi regulation in a free entry market, the local regulatory process and regulators' willingness to encourage increased private sector participation in public transportation. Both primary and secondary data sources provided the base of information used to identify, delineate and assess regulatory issues and formulate recommendations. Data collection and interviews were conducted in Washington, D.C. The authors of this report recommend that the Urban Mass Transportation Administration should consider monitoring the taxi regulatory atmosphere and changes in the District of Columbia. The implications of the proposed changes and their effect on the District's efforts to integrate taxi services with public mass transportation should be of particular interest, both locally and nationally. KW - Case studies KW - Coordination KW - Deregulation KW - Government policies KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Taxicabs KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205686 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389339 AU - Lyons, D L AU - Ahn, M C AU - University of the District of Columbia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXI REGULATION IN A FREE ENTRY MARKET: A CASE STUDY OF WASHINGTON, D.C.--EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/10 SP - 8 p. AB - This study examines taxi regulation in a free entry market, regulatory trends and regulators willingness to encourage increased private sector participation in public transportation. The specific objectives of this research project were to: (1) Analyze in detail the current state of taxi regulations in a free entry market; (2) Identify and analyze any regulatory trends in the free entry market; (3) Ascertain and delineate the local public body's point of view on taxi regulation in the area; (4) Determine the willingness of local government to encourage greater private sector participation in public transportation. KW - Government regulations KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - Regulations KW - Taxicabs KW - Urban transportation KW - Washington (District of Columbia) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205420 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386296 AU - Jacobs, R R AU - Shapiro, K L AU - Ray, W J AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - OPERATOR ABSENCE IN THE TRANSIT INDUSTRY PY - 1983/10 SP - 102 p. AB - Efficiency in the urban public transportation sector has been identified as a major topic of interest and concern by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. In line with this concern, it has been found that transit management policies need to be evaluated, and if necessary, changed to improve the operations of all types of transit properties. One area of transit management that has been shown to seriously affect efficiency and productivity is management's attempt to deal with the problem of absenteeism. On a nationwide basis, public transportation properties experience tremendous costs associated with excessive levels of bus operator absence. This research examined the problem through an integrated pair of studies. In the first study, the focus was on the organizational level, and 130 bus properties across the country were surveyed in an effort to highlight the organizational characteristics that influence operators' attendance. The second study surveyed over 300 bus operators from ten properties representing a variety of geographic locations and sizes in an attempt to identify individual operators' attitudes and characteristics that correlate with absence. The results suggest that organizational characteristics, such as size of the property, climate, and average age of the operator, together with individual responses, such as job dissatisfaction, job commitment, and various types of stress, contribute to an operator's attendance record. A series of potential programs geared toward reducing operator absence is presented. These programs consist of reducing the perceived size of the organization, more complete recordkeeping of absences, including a feedback component, and workshops for operators to help them cope with job-related stress. These programs were examined from a cost-benefit or utility perspective to determine their anticipated return on investment. A recommendation for a trial implementation of two of the programs is also made. KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus drivers KW - Data collection KW - Human factors KW - Institutional issues KW - Psychological aspects KW - Supervision UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200084 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384663 AU - Midstate Regional Planning Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation TI - PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY REPORT ON THE MIDDLETOWN TRANSIT SYSTEM PY - 1983/10 SP - 42 p. AB - This is part of an on-going evaluation of the fixed-route transit service provided by Middletown Area Transit (MAT) which owns seven 32-passenger buses that are maintained and operated by a private contractor. The system is a pulsed-loop design with four routes originating at a terminal in the central business district and a fifth which connects with one of the downtown routes at a shopping center. Service was inaugurated in 1981 and this appraisal is made at the end of the second year of service. One route has failed to meet the ridership standards and will be studied carefully. Operating costs went up 26% during the second year due primarily to increased labor rates and bus maintenance problems. Changes in maintenance practices and the possibility of a new maintenance facility are under study. The Middletown transit operation is one of 12 transit districts in Connecticut with expenses under one million dollars annually. A comparison is made with the peer group operators. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Contractors KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Maintenance practices KW - Operating costs KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Ridership KW - Small cities KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198884 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384661 AU - Ketola, H N AU - Varker, F A AU - Balog, J N AU - Ketron, Incorporated AU - Illinois Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 16(B)(2) VEHICLE PROCUREMENT STUDY PY - 1983/10 SP - v.p. AB - This study was intended to determine what types of vehicle are most appropriate for various types of 16(b) (2) projects in Illinois and to develop technical specifications and other requisite bid documents to be used by the Illinois DOT in future 16(b)(2) procurements. The study included an analysis of the Division's past 16(b)(2) vehicle procurement activities, operators' experiences with the vehicles purchased under previous grants and the vehicle specifications used. Bid documents and vehicle specifications developed under this study are available under separate cover as appendicies. KW - Aged KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Illinois KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Procurement KW - Reliability KW - Small buses KW - Specifications KW - Umta section 16 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vans KW - Warranties KW - Warranty KW - Wheelchair lifts UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201526 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382268 AU - Ramadan, M Z AU - Parness, B M AU - Nassar, Y E AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TUNNEL AND STATION COST METHODOLOGY: MINED TUNNELS PY - 1983/10 SP - 200 p. AB - The main objective of this study was to develop a model for estimating the cost of subway station and tunnel construction. This report describes a cost estimating methodology for subway tunnels that can be used by planners, designers, owners, and government agencies interested in evaluating a realistic range, within which the actual bid would fall, for the cost of subway tunnels. The study approach was to analyze the actual subway contractors' techniques and try to formalize their cost estimating processes into a realistic model. Extensive interviews were conducted with subway tunnel contractors and designers to identify the basic framework for estimating costs. In this report, a hierarchical cost estimating technique is developed whereby project-specific and contractor-specific factors are identified and structured, i.e., typical advance rates are developed for a variety of geological and geometrical conditions: crew sizes (by skill) for varying geological conditions and construction methods; type and size of equipment and their associated writeoff values; type of materials; contractor overhead, taxes, interest costs, etc. A database of actual equipment, labor, materials, and lump sum costs has been compiled and may be updated as changes occur. KW - Contractors KW - Cost estimating KW - Data collection KW - Estimates KW - Excavation and tunneling KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Mathematical models KW - Structural design KW - Subway stations KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198332 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382611 AU - Shaw, L C AU - Gilvert, G AU - Bishop, C AU - Pruitt, E AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXICAB REGULATION IN U.S. CITIES. VOLUME 2: CASE STUDIES PY - 1983/10 SP - 98 p. AB - This 2-volume study assesses the state of taxi regulations in U.S. cities and presents the results of a national study of taxicab regulatory practices. The study objectives are: 1) to determine how cities currently regulate taxis; 2) to assess the degree of taxicab regulatory changes being considered by cities; and 3) to identify reasons for taxi regulatory changes. The study focuses on three aspects of taxi regulations, namely--administrative procedures, entry controls, and fare setting. The research methodology included a literature review and data collections, a national telephone survey of 120 cities, and onsite case studies of ten cities that have recently made substantive taxicab regulatory changes. The ten case studies presented in this second volume are Sacramento and Fresno, California; Charlotte and Fayetteville, North Carolina; Dayton and Springfield, Ohio; Hillsborough County and St. Petersburg, Florida; Des Plaines, Illinois; and Madison, Wisconsin. The case study cities cover all important aspects of taxicab regulation and regulatory revision. This case study report, Volume 2, contains the case study reports that were completed as part of the study on state and local taxicab regulation. The U.S. cities were visited in June and July, 1983, for more in-depth study of their experiences with taxicab regulation. Information from the case studies is used extensively in Volume 1, but all of the final case study reports are included in this second volume as additional information for cities considering future changes in their taxicab regulation. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Case studies KW - Deregulation KW - Fares KW - Local government KW - Regulations KW - State government KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/7000/7000/7046/915.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198600 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382612 AU - Shaw, L C AU - Gilbert, G AU - Bishop, C AU - Pruitt, E AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TAXICAB REGULATION IN U.S. CITIES. VOLUME 1: FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/10 SP - 118 p. AB - In many U.S. communities, taxicab regulations have emerged not only as a local concern, but also as a challenge--the challenge of devising taxicab regulations that meet local conditions and objectives. This study assesses the state of taxi regulations in U.S. cities and presents the results of a national study of taxicab regulatory practices. The study objectives are: 1) to determine how cities currently regulate taxis; 2) to assess the degree of taxicab regulatory changes being considered by cities; and 3) to identify reasons for taxi regulatory changes. The study focuses on three aspects of taxi regulations: administrative procedures, entry controls, and fare setting. The research methodology included a literature review and data collection, a national telephone survey of 120 cities, and onsite case studies of ten cities that have recently made substantive taxicab regulatory changes. The ten case study cities are Sacramento and Fresno, California; Charlotte and Fayetteville, North Carolina; Dayton and Springfield, Ohio; Hillsborough County and St. Petersburg, Florida; Des Plaines, Illinois; and Madison, Wisconsin. Overall, the case study cities cover all important aspects of taxicab regulation and regulatory revision. The study results show that most cities regulate both entry into the industry and fare levels, and relatively few cities have changed, or are considering changing, to taxicab deregulation. The study also shows that in those cities with major regulatory changes, there is a common pattern followed with respect to how these changes have been considered and evaluated. KW - Administrative procedures KW - Case studies KW - Data collection KW - Deregulation KW - Fares KW - Local government KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulations KW - State government KW - Surveys KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198601 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382620 AU - Koutsopoulos, Harilaos N AU - Wilson, NHM AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS ALLOCATION WITH TIME DEPENDENT CONDITIONS CONSIDERING CROWDING PY - 1983/10 SP - 74 p. AB - This report addresses a central element in the short range planning of all transit properties--the determination of the frequency of service on each route during each period of the day. Frequency of service is a basic determinant not only of the quality of service offered to passengers in terms of waiting times and level of comfort (probability of obtaining a seat or standing room per passenger), but also of the operating costs. The problem of setting frequencies of a transit network under deterministic conditions with time varying demand for service and operating costs, is formulated as a mathematical programming problem. The objective of the research described in this report is to develop a more realistic mathematical representation of the frequency determination problem than those previously proposed and to develop and test solution procedures. In this report, an optimization model is presented, and a solution method demonstrated which incorporates the following three important problem attributes: 1) the key input data--demand for service, operating costs, and travel times--are all time dependent; 2) passengers' costs are expressed not only in terms of waiting times, as in previous models, but also in terms of the inconvenience caused to passengers by crowding on the vehicles; and 3) realistic operating constraints on subsidy, vehicle fleet size, and vehicle capacity are incorporated. A simplification of the initial complicated formulation is proposed dividing the period of interest into subperiods during which headways are constant. The problem can then be solved efficiently using linear programming. The report points out that while the model presented in this report clearly represents an advance in fully describing the important factors which should affect the setting of bus service frequencies, it has not been possible to apply it to a real system and more research of the type described is necessary on the frequency and timetable development portions of the process. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Headways KW - Linear programming KW - Mathematical models KW - Operating costs KW - Planning KW - Scheduling KW - Timetables KW - Travel time KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Waiting time UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381041 AU - Morrissey, J AU - Input Output Computer Services, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT METHODS AND RESULTS FOR TRANSIT AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTION EQUIPMENT PY - 1983/10 SP - 180 p. AB - This report presents performance assessment methods for transit automatic fare collection (AFC) equipment. The methods developed are based on the experience gained from a series of performance assessments that have been undertaken at eight U.S., and three foreign transit systems. The report is intended to intended to assist rail transit systems in their assessment of equipment, promote uniformity in applications, improve communications, and help achieve a better understanding of problems and issues. The development effort has been conducted as part of the UMTA Rail Transit Fare Collection (RTFC) Project. The overall goal of the RTFC project is to aid in the development of improved AFC systems for rail transit. The expected benefits from the project include improved operating efficiency and reduced labor and maintenance costs at the transit systems. The report represents a source document for assessment methodology. It defines key AFC terms and concepts, describes rail transit AFC systems, presents and discusses performance methods, as well as the results of the systems assessments and industry AFC contract specifications. Also included in the report is a discussion of the requirements for interfacing AFC information with the UMTA Transit Reliability Information Program (TRIP). KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Availability KW - Data collection KW - Fare collection KW - Fare gates KW - Maintainability KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Reliability KW - Supply KW - Technology assessment KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197482 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386359 AU - Public Technology, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT. A HANDBOOK FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS PY - 1983/09 SP - 111 p. AB - The purpose of this handbook is to promote joint development by providing local officials and transit managers with guidance on how the process works, including what steps need to be taken by the public sector and what types of issues and problems may emerge during the process. Because there is great variety in the types and scale of possible joint development projects, the handbook cannot identify any one best system but can point to the techniques that are available and note those procedures and approaches that many local officials involved in joint development agree are important to a successful project. The handbook is based on information drawn from five sources. KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Joint development KW - Land use KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Rail transit stations KW - Real property KW - Urban development UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200127 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382564 AU - Rice Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - REVENUE FORECASTS FOR INNOVATIVE LIGHT RAIL FINANCING OPTIONS. DENVER CASE STUDY PY - 1983/09 SP - 104 p. AB - This report advises the Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD) on the magnitude of revenues that potentially may be generated by value capture techniques along its proposed 77-mile light rail transit air(LRT) systems. The techniques include (1) lease or sale of undeveloped air and ground rights, (2) lease or sale of developed air and ground rights, (3) lease of concession space, (4) special benefit assessments, (5) tax increment financing, and (6) turnkey ventures. A range of estimates of total dollars that can be generated by application of the value capture techniques to the entire LRT system is presented. Estimates are based on a station-by-station review of the economic, legal and political feasibility of implementing each technique between 1983 and 2010. The revenue potential of value capture in Denver depends principally on two factors--Condition of the real estate market, and availability of legal autorization to implement the techniques. A range from less than 1% to over 16% of the LRT system cost of $2 billion may be paid with dollar capture revenues. Increment financing was found to be the most financially productive of all mechanisms applied to station site development. The methodology is applicable to their transit systems. KW - Air rights KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Capital KW - Cash flow KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Financing KW - Joint development KW - Legislation KW - Light rail transit KW - Railroad stations KW - Taxation KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198572 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392844 AU - Clarke, M B AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UTPS TECHNICAL BRIEF: LINKING THE UTPP AND UTPS PY - 1983/09 SP - 50 p. AB - The purpose of this paper is to aid the transportation planner in extracting data from the UTPP (Urban Transportation Planning Package) for use in computer-assisted urban travel modeling. The paper is divided into several sections. The first is a general description of what the user will be confronted with when he or she receives the UTPP package. This section details procedures on how to access and use the UTPP print program. It also compares the UTPP with the past data handling methods contained in the UTPS program UCEN70. The next section discusses how to reformat the UTPP data for UTPS (Urban Transportation Planning System) use and for use in microcomputer software packages. The third section discusses the creation of UTPS Z-file (Zonal Data) and J-file (Trip Interchange) data structures. Building these structures is complicated by the volume of UTPS documentation, so this section provides a short and straightforward approach to mastering the process. The next section comprises a major portion of the paper. In it, examples are presented showing how the UTPP data can be used in trip generation, trip distribution, modal choice, and traffic assignment. All examples show the use of UTPS in the travel demand modeling process. Following this section, a discussion of how UTPP data can be "downloaded" from a mainframe to a micrococomputer is presented. In addition, this section gives examples of microcomputer applications. KW - Census KW - Computer programs KW - Forecasting KW - Microcomputers KW - Mode choice KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207830 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394509 AU - Ayele, M AU - Hollis, B J AU - Lawson, W AU - Morgan State University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PROCEEDINGS OF "THE SYMPOSIUM ON URBAN PUBLIC TRANSIT AND MINORITIES: CHALLENGE OF THE 80'S"--SEPTEMBER 14-16, 1983 (MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY) PY - 1983/09 SP - 96 p. AB - This report summarizes the proceedings of the "Symposium on Urban Public Transit and Minorities: Challenge of the 1980's," which was held from September 14-16, 1983, in Baltimore, Maryland. As a Federally-sponsored event, the minority transit symposium was a "first" national public forum of its kind to offer an exchange dialogue on a number of transit issues of utmost concern to minorities. The symposium as also undertaken as a cooperative program initiative for several entities: the Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA); the Minority Affairs Committee of the American Public Transit Association (APTA); and Morgan State University's Center for Transportation Studies. The more than 350 participants in attendance represented federal, state and local transit officials, transit managers and board members, transit labor union officials, industry manufacturers and suppliers, transit consultants, educators and students. Five workshops were conducted to provide training and technical assistance opportunities. The workshop discussions centered on: transit services in minority communities and the concerns of the socially disadvantaged ridership; minority impact in the decision-making process; Minority Business Enterprises' participation in transit; role of minorities in transit labor unions; and training and employment opportunities in the transportation field. KW - Conferences KW - Employment KW - Labor unions KW - Minorities KW - Proceedings KW - Public transit KW - Training KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212531 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394476 AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UTPS-MICROCOMPUTER DATA TRANSFER TECHNICAL BRIEF PY - 1983/09 SP - 94 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is one in a series of technical briefs covering very specific aspects of microcomputer applications. These reports are not highly polished and are believed to be of interest to a fairly narrow, technical audience. This report gives some examples of how UTPS data can be processed on the microcomputer. It shows how some data processing tasks that are particularly onerous on the mainframe can be relegated to the micro. To accomplish this work means to transmit common data back and forth between the two machines. This report offers specific guidance on preparing UTPS data for transmission, performing the transmission with some popular machines and software, and post-processing on the microcomputer. KW - Data analysis KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212505 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389359 AU - Delaware County Planning Department AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ALTERNATIVES FOR RED ARROW DIVISION OPERATION: FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1983/09 SP - 101 p. AB - The Red Arrow Division (RAD) of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) currently provides transit service in Delaware County. Fare increases, cutbacks in commuter service and federal operating subsidies along with the reliance placed upon local tax revenues generated this Delaware County feasibility study of alternative management plans for operating its public transportation system. Study objectives were: develop 3 alternative management options providing transit service in Delaware County, one of which includes a complete separation of RAD from SEPTA; determine impacts and assess feasibility of each alternative vis-a-vis current RAD-SEPTA arrangement; identify implementation process; and summarize study findings in a single document useful to County decision makers. Three alternatives selected for analysis were: 1) County Perform Marketing, Operations, Planning, and Monitoring--little change in status quo; 2) County Operate Intra-County Bus Service--step away from status quo and offered potential cost savings and service improvements in low density areas; and 3) County Operate all RAD--complete separation of RAD from SEPTA; vastly complex; potential long term savings are great, but so are risks. The study concludes that current analysis does not justify a RAD separation from SEPTA at present time; however, it does not rule out future separation, especially if trend of escalating County operating subsidy requirements continues. This trend reflects the County's operating subsidy increase from $460 thousand in FY 79 to $1.23 million in Fy 82, and a projected $1.99 million in FY 83. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Cost control KW - County government KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority KW - Subsidies KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205437 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389753 AU - Schneider, J B AU - Deffebach, C AU - Latteman, J AU - McCormack, E AU - Wellander, C AU - University of Washington, Seattle AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANNING, DESIGNING AND OPERATING MULTI-CENTER TIMED-TRANSFER TRANSIT SYSTEMS: GUIDELINES FROM RECENT EXPERIENCE IN SIX CITIES PY - 1983/09 SP - 120 p. AB - The planning, design and operation of a polycentric timed-transfer transit system in two American, two Canadian, one Australian and one Brizilian city are described and evaluated. The foreign systems have been in operation longer and are more fully developed than the American systems in Portland, Oregon and Tacoma, Washington. The experience gained in each of the six cities is described in terms of the location and sizing of the transit centers, the design of the physical facilities involved, route/schedule considerations and some data on operating experience gained to date. This report should be helpful to those American cities, particularly those located in the West, that wish to undertake the development of a polycentric timed-transfer bus/rail transit system that will fit well the diverse travel pattern generated by the modern polycentric city. The experience gained in each city is described in some detail and guidelines that should be helpful in other cities are highlighted. The purpose of this report is to provide an update and extension of a 1980 report entitled: Planning and Designing a Transit Center Based Transit System: Guidelines and Examples from Case Studies in Twenty-Two Cities, NTIS order number PB81-154569, A07. KW - Australia KW - Canada KW - Case studies KW - Intermodal transfer KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Tacoma (Washington) KW - Timed transfer KW - Transferring KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205687 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386293 AU - Sperry Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE AUTOMATIC BUS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM PY - 1983/09 SP - n.p. AB - Automatic bus diagnostic system (ABDS) is a microprocessor-based test and diagnostic tool that permits rapid sequential inspection and fault isolation of diesel buses. The purpose of the ABDS is to improve both the efficiency of daily bus operations and the 6,000 mile scheduled inspection testing operations, and the effectiveness of bus maintenance for the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA). The study covered a 10 month period (12 months for installing and calibrating ABDS equipment; and 7 months as the basis for the evaluation). Forty buses were instrumented for ABDS (an Experimental Group) and another forty buses used as a Control Group. Data collected included information on the number and cost of various items: repair events; repair hours; number and cost of road calls; and number and cost of parts used in the maintenance of the buses. This report describes the evaluation of the ABDS performed by the Sperry Corp. at the NYCTA. The report describes and presents the results obtained and the recommendations made. Additional information outlining the background of the study and the nature of the equipment is also supplied as well as references to other studies. Although the report concludes that the ABDS cannot be considered the sole reason for the poorer performance of the Experimental Group, it does recommend that 1) the study be repeated for a full year after reselection of Experimental and Control Groups of buses, and 2) if the test cannot be repeated, then the ABDS in its present configuration is not recommended for installation as an operational system. KW - Automation KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic tests KW - Information processing KW - Instrumentation KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management information systems KW - Microprocessors KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Performance evaluations KW - Planning KW - Reliability KW - Sensors KW - Testing KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201553 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384666 AU - Michelson, W AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF CHANGING WOMEN'S ROLES ON TRANSPORTATION NEEDS AND USAGE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/09 SP - 8 p. AB - This study explores the impacts of changing women's roles on transportation needs and usage. Particular attention was directed to the rapid increase of female participation in the workforce and the growing number of female-headed households with children. Data for analysis were drawn from a 1980 survey of families in Toronto, Canada and compared with similar data from a 1976 study of travel behavior in Orange County, California. Six specific travel issues were addressed: emerging roles of women which accounted for new travel patterns and demands; differences between travel-patterns of men and women; objective factors affecting women's travel conditions; personal consequences arising from women's travel conditions; travel implications of practices and facilities designed to facilitate women's emerging roles; and the generalizability of Canadian data to the dynamics of women's travel in American cities. Women's travel patterns were found to be significantly influenced by a number of factors including income, employment and marital status, and presence and age of children in the household. Men's and women's travel patterns differed significantly, as did women's travel patterns in the two geographic areas studied. Results indicated that changes in the social infrastructure, including childcare facility, work schedules, and hours of public service facilities (i.e., banks) will be required to ameliorate women's difficulty in scheduling daily activities. KW - Automobile ownership KW - California KW - Children KW - Employment KW - Females KW - Highways KW - Households KW - Income KW - Public transit KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Toronto (Canada) KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198885 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384667 AU - Michelson, W AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE IMPACT OF CHANGING WOMEN'S ROLES ON TRANSPORTATION NEEDS AND USAGE PY - 1983/09 SP - 121 p. AB - This study explores the impacts of changing women's roles on transportation needs and usage. Particular attention was directed to the rapid increase of female participation in the workforce and the growing number of female-headed households with children. Data for analysis were drawn from a 1980 survey of families in Toronto, Canada and compared with similar data from a 1976 study of travel behavior in Orange County, California. Six specific travel issues were addressed: emergining roles of women which accounted for new travel patterns and demands; differences between travel patterns of men and women; objective factors affecting women's travel conditions; personal consequences arising from women's travel conditions; travel implications of practices and facilities designed to facilitate women's emerging roles; and the generalizability of Canadian data to the dynamics of women's travel in American cities. Women's travel patterns were found to be significantly influenced by a number of factors including income, employment and marital status, and presence and age of children in the household. Men's and women's travel patterns differed significantly, as did women's travel patterns in the two geographic areas studied. Results indicated that changes in the social infrastructure, including childcare facility, work schedules, and hours of public service facilities (i.e., banks) will be required to ameliorate women's difficulty in scheduling daily activities. KW - Automobile ownership KW - California KW - Children KW - Employment KW - Females KW - Highways KW - Households KW - Income KW - Public transit KW - Social-economic studies KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Toronto (Canada) KW - Travel demand KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382622 AU - Gibbs, M AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH TRANSIT PROPERTIES CONSIDER MINORITIES IN MARKETING ACTIVITIES PY - 1983/09 SP - 101 p. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze specific marketing activities of five selected transit properties to determine their effects on minorities. The five properties were in Fayetteville, Raleigh, Charlotte, and Wilmington, North Carolina and in Richmond, Virginia. All the sites had populations ranging in size from 50,000 to over 480,848 with not less than 20 percent Black representation. An attempt was made to explore how marketing decisions are made by some specific transit properties and to ascertain the extent to which transit managers consciously consider minority concerns when they make the following marketing decisions: 1) establishment and modification of routes and schedules, including special cases such as weekends and holiday; 2) establishment and implementation of promotional structures, including advertising, publicity, and sales promotion; 3) determination of minority companies, including geographical distribution and lifestyles; and 4) establishment or modification of price structure, including levels of fares, discounts, transfers, zones, revenue relationships, and special fares for minorities; and 5) data collection procedures, including appropriate provisions for obtaining complete and relevant data pertaining to minority needs and concerns. Using in-depth interviews, data were collected from transit managers or their designees in the five sites. Surrogate group leaders of Black organizations were also interviewed. An analysis of the data from the five cities showed that there were limited special efforts to include minorities (Black) in marketing activities beyond routes and scheduling. At the time of this study there were no Blacks on policy-making bodies other than on the City Council in Wilmington. The authors note that Black representation on policy-making bodies does not automatically mean equity for Blacks. Transit awareness among Blacks seems to be highest in the areas of routes, schedules, and fares. The report indicates that transit marketing decisions are not always aimed at special group minorities (Black) because they are likely to be in the captive audience. Few Blacks have an extensive knowledge of the transit decision or policy-making process. Generally, communication techniques continue to be used, partly because of the lack of an effective evaluation program. The report concludes that since the sample involved in this study was judgemental and this study was exploratory, no generalizations can be made based on these findings. Consequently, some site-specific observations, rather than conclusions, seem more appropriate. KW - Advertising KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Data collection KW - Marketing KW - Minorities KW - North Carolina KW - Pricing KW - Public participation KW - Publicity KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198611 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382624 AU - Thompson, D E AU - Edgers, L AU - Mooney, J S AU - Young, L W AU - Wall, F AU - Bechtel Civil and Minerals, Incorporated AU - Haley & Aldrich, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIELD EVALUATION OF ADVANCED METHODS OF GEOTHECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR TRANSIT TUNNELING PY - 1983/09 SP - 356 p. AB - The construction of new rail rapid transit systems and additions to existing systems, has greatly increased the amount of tunneling performed in the United States. Since these transit systems are generally located in urban areas, tunneling is used to minimize the impact of the construction and operation on the community. The objective of this study is to evaluate, through the use of a field demonstration program, the feasibility, applicability, reliability, and cost effectiveness of several advanced methods of subsurface exploration and geotechnical instrumentation to produce data usable for rapid transit tunnel design and construction within the time, cost, and schedule constraints common to the industry. A test section on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Red Line Extension-Northwest in Cambridge, was selected to evaluate methods of subsurface exploration that investigate geotechnical parameters, and instrumentation used to monitor ground movements due to tunnel construction. Numerous methods of geotechnical instrumentation, including surface and building settlement points, deep settlement points, inclinometers, piezometers, and observation wells, were used to monitor ground movements and groundwater levels within the test section. The performance of the instrumentation methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy, costs, and engineering and construction advantages. In addition, predictions of stratigraphy presented in an earlier report are compared with the stratigraphy observed during tunnel construction. Advanced methods of explorations used for these predictions are evaluated. KW - Construction KW - Geological conditions KW - Geological events KW - Geological surveying KW - Groundwater KW - Inclinometers KW - Instrumentation KW - Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) KW - Piezometers KW - Seismicity KW - Settlement (Structures) KW - Structural design KW - Subsidence (Geology) KW - Subsurface investigations KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198613 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382613 AU - Meyer, M D AU - Massachusetts Institute of Technology AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNING: TOWARD A DECISION-ORIENTED APPROACH PY - 1983/09 SP - 62 p. AB - Urban transportation planning is undergoing significant charges that reflect the characteristics of the field. Growing fiscal pressures along with increased attention to maintenance and rehabilitation of transportation infrastructure have created new demands on transportation planners. The underlying premise of this report is that the planning methodology and analysis tools used within the planning process should be consistent with the substance and form of a transportation decisionmaking process. There are, however, many different ways of viewing the decisionmaking process. Understanding that the nature of alternative decisionmaking processes, and the needs and capabilities of those who are responsible for it, is thus a prerequisite for the development of an effective transportation planning process. This report identified the salient characteristics of the evolution of the transportation planning process and related them to the types of decisions facing local and state officials. The characteristics of different decisionmaking models are examined and their relationship to planning is illustrated. The report describes the key elements of decisionmaking as pluralistic, resource-allocative, consensus-seeking, problem-simplifying, and uncertainty-avoiding. These elements are then related to the characteristics of a decision-oriented planning process. A planning framework is then described which will best fit the new characteristics of transportation policy. The report concludes that for transportation planners to provide more useful input into decisionmaking, they must carefully assess their own process and determine where the process differs from the chart in the report (Figure 3), which depicts the transportation planning process. These differences should then become the focal point for a detailed examination of how, or if, the existing process should be modified. KW - Decision making KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Planning KW - Resource allocation KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198602 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382627 AU - Saltzman, A AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MARKETING FUNCTIONS IN HUMAN SERVICE AGENCY TRANSPORTATION PY - 1983/09 SP - 22 p. AB - This paper reviews the manner in which marketing is done in a relatively recent addition to the non-profit transit sector in the United States, Human Service Agency Transportation (HSAT). This is the title given to a family of specialized transportation services which have been developed to provide better mobility for clients of human service agencies. The report points out that historically, marketing for non-profit organizations such as HSAT has either been ignored or reduced to a very minor function. This report describes the origin, development, and current status of HSAT, and how these factors affect their marketing environment. The consumer orientation and exchange perspective of modern marketing are reviewed and the influential characteristics of non-profit organizations are discussed. In reviewing how HSAT does marketing, this document goes beyond the narrow concept that marketing is synonymous with selling and promotion. Rather than focusing on selling and promotion, the orientation is toward serving the consumer's needs. The paper also describes each of the essential marketing functions for HSAT, which are: developing a marketing plan; conducting research; designing the service; evaluating and improving the service; pricing services; and promoting the system. The authors note that the review of each function is not meant to serve as a "how to do it manual", but rather to identify specific activities which are, or should be, conducted under each function. Deficiencies in HSAT marketing are described and comparisons are made between the marketing functions performed by conventional transit and marketing for HSAT. The report concludes that HSAT has developed outside the conventional transit industry and exhibits significantly different marketing dimensions. While many transit marketing efforts are oriented to capturing additional passengers, HSAT marketing is more concerned with providing a service which is responsible to the needs of agency clients. KW - Marketing KW - Needs assessment KW - Paratransit services KW - Pricing KW - Publicity KW - Social factors KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381567 AU - Bigoness, W J AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF LABOR IMPACT ON CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE WITHIN THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY PY - 1983/09 SP - 28 p. AB - The objectives of this report are to: (1) provide a contemporary assessment of labor relations within the taxicab industry; (2) examine how the changing structure of the taxicab industry has affected labor relations within the industry; and (3) examine possible future directions of labor relations in the industry. The report discusses the growth of indenpendent contracting within the industry together with a review of recent National Labor Relation Board decisions and court decisions relevant to independent contracting. The movement of taxicab organizations into paratransit operations and its implications to labor relations is also examined. KW - Contracting KW - Drivers KW - Forecasting KW - Industry structure KW - Labor relations KW - Labor unions KW - Management KW - Paratransit services KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197916 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381510 AU - Benjamin, J AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A CONSUMER-ORIENTED TRANSIT INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1983/09 SP - 92 p. AB - The major objective of this study is to develop a systematic method of obtaining and utilizing consumer measures to make better transit planning and management decisions, that is, to design a component of a management information system that presents marketing information to a transit manage periodically. The program itself was designed for the non-programmer and its displays for the decision-maker. Use of the program system is self-explanatory. A copy of the computer programs and test data are available from the author. This report presents the results of an effort to implement a consumer measures information system in a small urban area--High Point, North Carolina. The system was designed to periodically report the travel patterns and viewpoints of transit riders. Practical elements of the design of the system are discussed including use of interactive microcomputers to analyze results, survey techniques, selection of consumer measures, system measures, and applicability of various indicators to decision making. Initial results indicated the availability of this information to be an effective aid to transit management at both the policy and operations level. The report includes an evaluation of the utility of various indicators and measures as reported by agency personnel. Recommendations for implementation of such systems at other sites are included. During the case study, the suggested methodology for developing a consumer-oriented transit information system gave rise to practical issues and are presented in this report. KW - Management information systems KW - Marketing KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Policy making KW - Small cities KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197868 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381036 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INVESTIGATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF A STORED HYDRAULIC ENERGY PROPULSION SYSTEM TO A CONVENTIONAL BUS PY - 1983/09 SP - 129 p. AB - The objective of this investigation was to determine the feasibility of using stored hydraulic energy propulsion (SHEP) technology in current transit buses, and to present an evaluation of the fuel savings and economic cost/benefits of the SHEP systems that are currently in the concept and hardware stages of development for transit coaches. The analysis included a determination of the current status of SHEP systems proposed or developed anywhere in the world. The costs and benefits resulting from the operation of the proposed systems were analyzed from actual and computer projected data by Booz, Allen using their transit coach computer simulation model. This report includes a description of the computer simulation model and an extensive list of reference pertinent to the report subject, as well as numerous charts depicting transmission systems, drive systems, and other hydraulic stored energy projection systems. This report presents the findings of an investigation of the applicability of using state-of-the-art hydraulic accumulator technology to regenerate braking energy in current transit buses. Two prototype systems, specifically applied to transit coaches were found to be currently under development in Europe: 1) Hydrobus II developed by the M.A.N. Corporation of Germany, and 2) Hybrid-Bus developed by the Technical University of Denmark. Two other systems were found to be applicable to transit coaches: 1) Inertial Storage Transmission System developed by Advanced Energy Systems of Portland, Oregon, and 2) A-Bus concept by Energy Research & Generation Inc., of Oakland, California. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Energy storage systems KW - Germany KW - Hydraulic transmissions KW - Propulsion KW - Propulsion systems KW - Regenerative braking KW - Simulation KW - Technology KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design KW - Vehicle power plants UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197478 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380827 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR URBAN MASS TRANSIT BUSES. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/09 SP - 115 p. AB - This study, sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), was performed for the Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The objective was to identify an alternative fuel to diesel fuel in transit buses. Charts are presented that depict a two-level evaluation process for identifying the most appropriate alternative fuel for transit. Six fuels were selected and described in detail, namely: ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, and propane. A very detailed method for tabulating the presumed 12-year life cycle cost for a bus using each of the six fuels was developed and explained in this report. Since none of the selected fuels can run in a diesel engine without modification, otto-cycle, dual-fueled diesel-cycle, and assisted-ignition diesel-cycle engine technologies were investigated as an important part of this study. The report states that the most efficient and versatile engine for the proposed fuels was an assisted-ignition diesel engine. The M.A.N. D 2566 FMUH is such an engine; it is capable of running on a variety of fuels. Methanol is currently being tested and demonstrated. This report includes a demonstration plan to test and evaluate the operation of methanol-fueled buses in northern (cold climates) cities. The report recommends that transit systems select an alternative fuel conversion approach with low initial cost and with the flexibility of converting back to the diesel fuel for a minimum cost and reconversion time; methanol is said to be the best within this context. This report provides a bibliography and appendices. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Buses KW - Cold weather KW - Diesel engines KW - Dual fueling KW - Ethanol KW - Fuels KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Methanol KW - Propane KW - Propane fuel KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193609 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380828 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION. SOFTWARE AND SOURCE BOOK, SEPTEMBER 1983 PY - 1983/09 SP - n.p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) Microcomputer references and training and; 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programs KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194132 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471465 AU - Sacramento Transit Development Agency AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. SACRAMENTO LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT PROJECT FINAL EIS PY - 1983/08 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents the environmental impacts of the locally preferred alternative for the Northeast Sacramento Corridor Project, consisting of an 18.3-mile light rail transit line, LRT maintenance shop and yard, ancillary LRT facilities and associated street modifications. This alternative constitutes the initial implementation phase of Alternative 4C, LRT in the I-80 and U.S. 50 Corridors, evaluated along with nine other potential facilities in the Alternatives Analysis/Draft EIS (AA/DEIS). This report also includes comments on the AA/DEIS and responses to significant environmental issues raised in those comments. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Light rail transit KW - Maintenance facilities KW - Public transit KW - Rail transit facilities KW - Sacramento (California) UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281764 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00379475 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (FISCAL YEAR 1982) PY - 1983/08 SP - 168 p. AB - This directory contains descriptions of technical assistance projects sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Its purpose is to inform the public and especially the transit industry on the nature and scope of work which is underway to assist State and local agencies in improving services and reducing the cost of public transportation. Under the program, technical assistance is provided in a broad range of disciplines and fields of knowledge that are essential to transit, including analysis, planning, demonstrations, management, vehicles, equipment, and facilities. Technical assistance is furnished by UMTA primarily by providing information about and by sponsoring the development and introduction of improved techniques, equipment, and facilities. Information is disseminated by means of technical reports and other publications and by workshops and training courses. In addition to initiating the development of new techniques and equipment, the technical assistance program provides funding to transit operators to help evaluate and introduce innovations and new products by the private sector. (Author) KW - Directories KW - Federal aid KW - Federal assistance programs KW - Federal government KW - Federal programs KW - Government funding KW - Local government KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Technical assistance KW - Transit operators KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192426 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394472 AU - Peterson, R L AU - Sato, R AU - Texas Transportation Institute AU - Texas State Department of Highways & Public Transp AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PARK-AND-POOL LOTS IN RURAL, NONURBANIZED AREAS PY - 1983/08 SP - 281 p. AB - Through the Cooperative Research Program with the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, the Texas Transportation Institute has been involved in extensive evaluations of high-occupancy vehicle facilities throughout Texas. Park-and-Ride studies were first performed in the Dallas area in 1979 and extended to the Houston and San Antonio Metropolitan Areas in 1980. In 1982, The Texas Transportation Institute undertook investigations of Park-and-Go and Park-and-Pool facilities in and around the Dallas/Fort Worth region. This study presents the result of an investigation of Park-and-Pool activity in rural, nonurbanized areas throughout the State of Texas and compares the results with prior research findings. KW - Carpools KW - Park and ride KW - Rural areas KW - Texas KW - Umta section 8 KW - Vanpools UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212501 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394465 AU - DMJM Architects and Engineers AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHITE PLAINS COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLAN PY - 1983/08 SP - 93 p. AB - White Plains, New York, a city being transformed into a major commercial center, aims to sustain both economic growth and vitality and its residential character. This study centers around the City's recognition that convenient and attrative access to and within the city by rail, bus, and foot is essential for growth, and traffic movements must be reduced to provide the quality of life desired by the citizens. The objective of this study is to prepare a Comprehensive Transportation Plan that the City can put into motion immediately and can use as a guide to future developments. This Plan beefs up such a recognition for sustained growth. It complements earlier efforts in that it focuses on all modes of transportation, emphasizes early action, and includes proposals designed to improve urban life. This report shows how the City can better existing resources to improve mobility and reduce congestion; how traffic and transit engineering techniques can rationalize the street and parking system, encourage bus and train ridership, and contribute to a more pleasant urban environment. Overall, the study was designed to be performed in close cooperation with public agencies and the impacted community. The emergent plans and proposals are intended to be operationally practical and to reflect community consensus (dialogue) rather than data collection and impersonal technical analysis. KW - Central business districts KW - Medium sized cities KW - Multimodal transportation KW - New York (State) KW - Pedestrians KW - Public participation KW - Public transit KW - Traffic engineering KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394468 AU - Jackson, V AU - SWAIN, D AU - Edward Waters College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT IN DELIVERING TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1983/08 SP - 119 p. AB - This report provides an organizational assessment in the delivery of public transportation services. The main objectives of this study are to review one area of urban transportation--the organizational aspect--and to identify, describe, document and quantify where possible, some of the reasons why the present organizational structure has not been appropriate for the adequate deliverly of public transporting services. This report also examines State, local and private organizational structures and Federal transit policies which might interfere in different ways and to different extents with the overall process of planning and implementing the delivery of public transportation services. This study seeks to ascertain the problems of coordination in transportation planning, to determine whether overlapping or duplication of planning efforts exist and to assess the current state of transportation planning and coordination. The survey that was carried out as a part of this project revealed variations among the various transit planning agents as to their perception of the problem, the size and nature of the problem itself, and possible solutions to the problem. Each area is physically different and each area's transit needs are different. The general conclusions of the report are that there are no simple answers to the organizational problem in delivering public transportation services. Expressed simply, no single fixed organizational balance can be achieved among transportation organizations and across various modes of service. However, the report provides an institutional framework on which to base Federal, State and local transportation policies. KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Local government KW - Management KW - Performance evaluations KW - Policy making KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212498 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389355 AU - Dornan, D AU - Middendorf, D AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANNING SERVICES FOR TRANSPORTATION-HANDICAPPED PEOPLE: DATA COLLECTION MANUAL PY - 1983/08 SP - 228 p. AB - This report describes a data collection process for use by local transportation planning agencies and transit operators in designing and evaluating public transportation services for mobility-limited elderly, handicapped, or similar persons. The manual provides step-by-step procedures for each of the individual data collection techniques which comprise the process. The manual describes use of areawide phone surveys, census data factoring of the phone data, small subgroup survey techniques, and monitoring of on-going service. A variety of actual forms and survey instruments used in these processes are included as appendices. KW - Aged KW - Census KW - Data collection KW - Manuals KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Sampling KW - Surveys KW - Travel patterns UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205433 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389375 AU - Purcell, F T AU - Libert, H AU - Nassau County Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INCREASING SENIOR CITIZEN USAGE OF THE BUS SYSTEM PY - 1983/08 SP - v.p. AB - The Metropolitan Suburban Bus Authority (MSBA) provides public bus transportation to Nassau County, New York. The system has a fleet of 335 buses that averages about 100,000 daily trips on the 49 routes that serve the 300 sq. mile area. Usage of the MSBA bus system has grown at a faster rate among the elderly than among the population as a whole. From 1975-1980, elderly population in the County increased 8 percent while elderly ridership of the bus system increased 244 percent. Some senior benefits instituted by MSBA on the system are: half-fare policy starting at age 60; discounts at all times; 125 buses with wheelchair lifts; 178 buses with a kneel; friendly drivers; and an acceptable fare policy. This report identifies and discusses those strategies that will increase the senior citizens' use of the bus system. It examines and discusses such issues as routing and scheduling, fare policy, senior attitudes, timetable design, user-side subsidies, and public awareness of the bus system. The study concludes that: 1) bus routing and scheduling serve the senior population adequately; user-side subsidy for increasing bus use is a real possibility; and marketing strategies should emphasize the leisure pass, and improve the quality and distribution of public announcements. This report could be of value to those persons, agencies, and organizations engaged in service planning. KW - Aged KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fares KW - Marketing KW - New York (State) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Umta section 8 KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208756 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378952 AU - Newman, D A AU - Bebendorf, M AU - McNally, J AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TIMED TRANSFER: AN EVALUATION OF ITS STRUCTURE, PERFORMANCE AND COST PY - 1983/08 SP - 264 p. AB - Timed transfer is a transit operating strategy in which vehicles from different routes are routed and scheduled to meet simultaneously at common stops to facilitate no-wait or minimum-wait passenger transfers. Timed transfers are being used primarily in medium-density areas, where transit demand may be too low to support high-frequency transit service on a system of intersecting routes. This report examines timed transfer systems to gain a better understanding of their applications and services. The report describes various U.S. and Canadian timed transfer services, alternative transit options and the areas best suited to timed transfer. The effects of timed transfer on transit providers, transit users and the community and an evaluation of timed transfer services, ridership and costs, are included. The most complex multiple focal point timed transfer bus services are emphasized and are examined in the three case studies of Ann Arbor, Michigan, Boulder, Colorado, and Portland, Oregon. Where possible, implications and conclusions are drawn from these experiences for the benefit of others interested in implementing similar services. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Coordination KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Operating costs KW - Operating strategies KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Time KW - Time factor KW - Traffic delays KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192051 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386950 AU - Cervero, R AU - University of California, Berkeley AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTERGOVERNMENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR FINANCING PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1983/08 SP - 193 p. AB - This report sorts through the myriad issues surrounding transit subsidy policy, and provides a rationale for sharing public transit costs. A range of factors that have some bearing on intergovernmental responsibilities for financing public transit are studied. An examination of the evolution of transit subsidy policy reveals that it has been shaped largely by ad hoc responses to ever-worsening industry wide fiscal crises. Although transit programs generally received broad-based support throughout the seventies, the formulation of any coherent, unified set of goals for transit became largely subordinate to simply keeping the buses rolling. A detailed analysis of the justifications for transit subsidies generally suggests that only social equity arguments are defensible, and even then it is far more prudent to subsidize users vis-a-vis transit service providers. An analysis of transit's benefits suggests that most are of only modest importance. Still, there's a general consensus that about one-half of the transit's social benefits accrue to constituents of local governments, with the remainder split evenly among state and federal government interests. It is also found that transit's current tax mix results in a fairly neutral redistribution of income as well as a diverse and reliable source of revenue. Moreover, governmental regulations, particularly those at the federal level, are partly responsible for transit's recent cost spiral. However, local subsidies are found to be far more perverse in terms of their cost and productivity impacts. Finally, an examination of alternative scenarios reveals that the elimination of public subsidies could cause severe declines in ridership and increases in fares, particularly in small urban areas. KW - Equity (Justice) KW - Federal government KW - Financing KW - Government policies KW - History KW - Local government KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - Small cities KW - Social benefits KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56453/intergovernment8330robe_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200618 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387675 AU - Jackson, V AU - SWAIN, D AU - Edward Waters College AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT IN THE DELIVERY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1983/08 SP - 110 p. AB - This report provides an organizational assessment of delivery of public transportation services. It identifies, describes and documents why the present organizational structure is inappropriate for the delivery of adequate public transportation services. The report also seeks to ascertain the problems of coordination in transportation planning, whether an overlap or duplication of efforts exists, and assesses the current state of transportation planning and coordination. The general conclusions are that there are no simple answers to the organizational problem. Each area is physically different and each area's transit needs are different. However, the report does provide an institutional framework on which to base federal, state and local transportation policies. KW - Coordination KW - Decision making KW - Federal government KW - Institutional issues KW - Local government KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Policy KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201113 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387966 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works TI - SAN JUAN URBAN CORE TRANSIT SYSTEM. FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT PY - 1983/08 SP - v.p. AB - The Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works is proposing the construction of a transportation system in the San Juan Metropolitan Area that will use water and land transportation modes. The proposed project will connect, by means of a waterway, Old San Juan and Catano with the New Center of San Juan in Hato Rey. Almost 2 miles of the Martin Pena Channel will be dredged and upgraded to improve its navigability. A 180' wide channel between bulkheads is preferred over the other five waterway alternatives considered. Improvements to the existing terminal facilities at Old San Juan and Catano are contemplated. The construction of a new multimodal terminal facility in Hato Rey is part of the proposed project. To serve the new terminal from land, four different alternatives for busways were considered in order to connect it with Plaza Las Americas Shopping Center and Bithorn/Clemente Sport Complex. The busway along the metro right-of-way is preferred. This document discusses and analyses the impact of each alternative as well as the No-Build alternative. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Coordination KW - Environmental impacts KW - Ferries KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Public transit KW - San Juan (Puerto Rico) KW - Traffic congestion KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel demand KW - Urban development KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208726 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384665 AU - Kentuckiana Regional Planning & Development Agency AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A USER'S GUIDE FOR CORPORATE TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT PY - 1983/08 SP - v.p. AB - This Guide has been developed to assist employers in programs to have viable substitutes for commuting in the single-occupant vehicle. Increasing costs, growing traffic congestion, threat of recurring petroleum supply shortages, and public sentiment for improved commute-to-work patterns can all encourage employees to seek alternative modes of travel. The alternative commuting opportunities are organized in 9 areas: Public transit, ridesharing, alternative work schedules, parking, bicycling, alternative fuels, fuel control systems, emergency preparedness planning, and administration. It is considered essential that each organization designate a Transportation Coordinator to encourage use of alternate travel modes, improve vehicle fleet performance, and develop a plan for responding to an emergency fuel interruption. There can be an improved public image of the firm, better employer/employee relations, reduced costs, improved efficiency and enhanced preparedness. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bicycles KW - Commuting KW - Employee participation KW - Employers KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Louisville (Kentucky) KW - Parking KW - Parking restraints KW - Public relations KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Ridesharing KW - Staggered work hours KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201528 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00384897 AU - Mniszewski, K AU - Campbell, J AU - IIT Research Institute AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STUDY OF SMOKE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT FOR RAIL TRANSIT VEHICLES PY - 1983/08 SP - 140 p. AB - This document presents the results of a study to determine the feasibility and cost effectiveness of the use of heat/smoke/fire sensors and automatic extinguishing systems in rail transit vehicles. Work presented includes: a survey of major rail transit systems to determine their fire experience, a survey of available hardware, determination of placement, review of cost effectiveness, and an outline of a testing program to validate conclusions of the study. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Detectors KW - Fire detection systems KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Heat KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - Sensors KW - Smoke KW - Statistics KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/46000/46700/46717/DOT-TSC-UMTA-83-13.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/199095 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382625 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. UMTA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM DIRECTORY. FISCAL YEAR 1982 PY - 1983/08 SP - 178 p. AB - This eleventh Annual Directory contains descriptions of Research, Development, Demonstration (RD&D) and training projects sponsored and funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the Department of Transportation. This Directory focuses on activities that took place in Fiscal Year 1982. Together, these projects constitute the Federal program of technical assistance for urban transportation. The projects described in this Directory are funded under Sections 6, 8, 10, and 11 of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended. Section 6 programs of the Act pertain to research, development and demonstration projects in all phases of urban mass transportation, including transportation planning and management, testing, demonstration of new facilities, equipment, techniques, and methods. Section 8 programs of the ACT are aimed at conducting local transportation planning studies, known as Technical Studies. A portion of these Technical Studies funds are also used annually for Special Studies to help local planning agencies and UMTA improve the quality of information used for local transportation planning. Section 10 programs of the ACT pertain to managerial training grants that are made available to States and local public agencies to provide fellowships for training of personnel employed in managerial, technical, and professional positions in the urban mass transportation field. Section 11 programs of the ACT pertain to university research and training. This program is designed to contribute to UMTA's research and to stimulate professional growth in fields relating to transportation. Appendix A of this Directory contains Sources of Technical Assistance Information and Appendix B contains information pertaining to Urban Mass Transportation Grants and Contracts: Application and Procurement Procedures. KW - Bibliographies KW - Demonstration projects KW - Development KW - Directories KW - Information dissemination KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Technological innovations KW - Technology transfer KW - Training KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198614 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382233 AU - Hargadine, E O AU - MANDEX, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CASE STUDIES OF TRANSIT SECURITY ON BUS SYSTEMS PY - 1983/08 SP - 134 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide information on a selection of bus transit security measures for use by transit systems in developing their security programs. The report examines the security measures used by the principal bus transit systems in each of four cities--Los Angeles, Detroit, Seattle, and Pittsburgh--and indicated the conditions under which they are most likely to be effective. Certain transit security measures are common to all four transit systems. All make some use of either a transit police force, or members of a local law enforcement agency. They also all use communications equipment installed in buses, and community programs or school programs. However, there are unique aspects to each city's program. Detroit has an undercover police operation which has been used as a model by many other cities. Los Angeles has several demonstration projects using sophisticated security equipment. Seattle has a stress-management program for its bus operators. Pittsburgh's system has a small police force which emphasizes a quick response to passengers' and operators' reports of problems as a means of heightening the deterrent effort. The report includes the following sections: an introduction to the problem of transit crime and the security measures taken to combat it; transit security programs in the four case study cities; a comparison of methods used to police bus transit systems; the surveillance and communications equipment used by the four transit systems; school and community education programs and training of operators; the comparative costs of security measures; the public's perception of transit crime; and the study's conclusion on the effectiveness of the measures. KW - Bus drivers KW - Buses KW - Case studies KW - Communications KW - Community action programs KW - Crimes KW - Police KW - Public opinion KW - Security KW - Surveillance KW - Training KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - http://transit-safety.volpe.dot.gov/publications/security/UMTA-VA-06-0088-83-1/pdf/UMTA-VA-06-0088-83-1_Case_Studies_of_Transit_Security.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198314 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380782 AU - Flynn, S AU - Crain, J AU - Crain and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PHOENIX TRANSIT SUNDAY DIAL-A-RIDE PY - 1983/08 SP - 76 p. AB - A local taxi operator began subsidized dial-a-ride service in Phoenix, AR, when the city found that Sunday fixed-route transit service would be more costly. Regular cabs and wheelchair vans are billed at a fixed hourly rate less fares collected. Over 26 months 233 riders used the service on each Sunday. Almost all riders indicated the importance of the service to their transportation needs--church attendance, shopping and visiting--and indicated they do not own an automobile or drive. Total cost per passenger trip (2.1 trips per hour per vehicle) was $7.67 with a farebox recovery rate of 13.4%. Productivity is closely monitored. Annual subsidy cost at current demand is considerably less expensive than fixed route buses, but does attract lower ridership. Sunday public transportation using taxis in Phoenix may be somewhat unique because the taxi operator already had dial-a-ride services in adjacent areas, had a trusting relationship with the City of Phoenix and there was no 13(c) labor provisions involved because there was no prior Sunday bus service. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Fixed routes KW - Fixed-route transit KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Phoenix (Arizona) KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Substitution KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Weekends UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380783 AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. A SKETCH-PLANNING REFERENCE FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS PY - 1983/08 SP - v.p. AB - This document is to provide a single source of sketch planning data on the most important performance characteristics of four contemporary urban transportation systems--rail, bus, highway-automobile and mixed mode, and pedestrian assistance systems in a format that lends itself to easy reference. A fifth mode, the activity center system (people movers at airports and amusement parks) has been added. Passenger demand is not dealt with, only the supply or performance characteristics of urban transportation systems. The seven supply parameters are speed, capacity, operating cost, energy consumption, pollution, capital cost, and accident frequency. Level of detail is sufficient for sketch planning--the preliminary screening of possible transportation configurations or concepts. Completion of an analysis will require data more specific and current than can be included here. More refined estimates must be obtained by reviewing current bids and in discussions with vendors. Each mode is treated in its own chapter. Parameters are discussed at several levels--default range (usually a mean or median value), range of values (high and low for sensitivity analysis), and theoretical range. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Automobiles KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Busways KW - Capacity KW - Capital KW - Elevators KW - Escalators KW - Light rail transit KW - Moving sidewalks KW - Operating costs KW - People movers KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Sketch planning KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381038 AU - Noel, E C AU - Graye, E S AU - Howard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF ISSUES IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED TRANSPORTATION SERVICES PY - 1983/08 SP - 50 p. AB - Consolidation of special transportation for the elderly and handicapped (E&H) has been advanced as a means for reducing costs, while maintaining service and improving efficiency. Consolidation involves the integration of one or more management functions of two or more agencies that administer or operate special transportation services for the E&H community. This study reviews several institutional barriers expressed in literature, as well as those developed from discussions with regional, county, and city officials involved in the administration or provision of transportation services to the E&H. Interviews were conducted in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Florida, Missouri, New Orleans, Texas, and California. This report presents some of the management consolidation experiences of agencies within these jurisdictions as well as suggestions to minimize resistance to consolidation. This report concludes that the institutional restraints to consolidating E&H transportation are minimal and surmountable; that the principal restraint to consolidation is "turfism" (tendency of agencies to resist the relinquishment of autonomy required by consolidation); that higher levels of consolidation occur in states where consolidation is mandated by law; the literature review indicated several adverse concerns discouraging consolidation; and that multi-agency participation in the consolidation planning process be included. This report provides a list of bibliographic references. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Institutional issues KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Legal factors KW - Management KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Social service agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197480 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380131 AU - Organization for Environmental Growth, Inc AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SELF-SERVICE FARE COLLECTION STATE-OF-THE-ART PY - 1983/08 SP - 13 p. AB - Self-service fare collection places primary responsibility for fare payment on the passenger rather than on transit operators. The passenger determines and pays for the fare through automatic machines that dispense and validate tickets. Neither vehicle drivers nor station attendants scan tickets and passes; there are no collectors or turnstiles. Passengers are required to present their ticket, pass or receipt to fare inspectors who perform random checks. This system is based on checking on a small percentage of passengers, rather than every passenger. Upon request, passengers must show correct proof of payment. Inspectors may collect correct fare or issue citations to passengers who are without proof of payment. The most important reason for SSF is lower operating costs. Other benefits are reduced stress on vehicle operators, reduced fare evasion, faster loading, greater vehicle productivity, increased security, fostering of greater use of passes or multi-ride tickets, and increased passenger convenience and comfort. Case studies of the Portland, OR, Tri-County Metropolitan Area bus system and of the San Diego Light Rail Transit Project of the Metropolitan Transit Development Board are described and discussed. KW - Buses KW - Fare collection KW - Fraud KW - Light rail transit KW - Operating costs KW - Passes KW - Portland (Oregon) KW - San Diego (California) KW - Self-service fare collection KW - Ticket vending machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193101 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378954 AU - Daley, D M AU - Leonard, E T AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - RAIL TRANSIT SAFETY 1982 ANNUAL REPORT PY - 1983/08 SP - 36 p. AB - The Rail Transit Safety 1982 Annual Report is a compendium and analysis of rapid rail transit accident/incident and casualty statistics reported by the eleven rapid rail transit properties in the United States during 1982. KW - Annual KW - Casualties KW - Crash causes KW - Crashes KW - Derailments KW - Employees KW - Fatalities KW - Passengers KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Statistics KW - Trespassers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192053 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462868 AU - Jacobs, M AU - O'Connor, R AU - Chen, Shuangwu AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUPPLEMENT TO NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1981 SECTION 15 REPORT PY - 1983/07 SP - 40 p. AB - The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 amended the Urban Mass Transportation Act in part by adding two new grant programs: Section 9 provides funds for capital, operating, and certain other types of assistance beginning in FY 1983; Section 9A is a one-year program for FY 1983 which may be used for all purposes of Section 9 except operating assistance. Funds for both programs are apportioned to urbanized areas on the basis of statutory formulas incorporating: population and population density as enumerated by the 1980 U.S. Decennial Census; and (only for urbanized areas with populations of 200,000 or more) various transit operating statistics as contained in the Section 15 data base. Because of the time required for reporting, validating, and publishing these data, there is a two-year lag between the Section 15 reporting year and the fiscal year for which funds are being apportioned. This Supplement contains the transit operating statistics used in computing the FY 1983 Section 9A apportionments. These statistics are derived from the 1981 Section 15 Annual Report, and from supplemental 1981 Section 15 reports submitted by certain transit systems. These systems either had not been subject to the Section 15 reporting requirement, or had not originally reported certain eligible data. KW - Accounting KW - Crashes KW - Data collection KW - Energy consumption KW - Expenditures KW - Fund allocations KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274344 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00451484 AU - Kemp, M A AU - Fox, D E AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SOME PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN THE 13(C) PROCESS PY - 1983/07 SP - 64 p. AB - The U.S. Department of Labor and Transportation are currently considering changes in the administration of the labor protection provisions (Section 13(c) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964). Legislative initiatives to amend current procedures and practices are a possiblity. To inform such deliberations, UMTA's Office of Budget and Policy sponsored a study designed to investigate examples of certain alleged problems derived from the requiements, interpretation, and administration of Section 13(c) of the Act. The purpose of this case studies report is to investigate certain alleged problems with the workings and impacts of 13(c) focusing attention to claims that the 13(c) process 1) has allowed organized labor to gain new rights (as distinct from protecting existing rights), and 2) has impaired transit's operational efficiency by frustrating management's ability to innovate. This case studies report documents the 13(c) investigation and will add to the body of cases investigated by a similar General Accounting Office study of 1981/82. Information was gathered from examination of documents, interviews and discussions with interested parties as well as from site visits. The report concludes that the cases investigated--Brockton, MA; Columbus, OH; Central Contra County, CA; Boston, MA; and Jackson, TN--did provide evidence that the 13(c) process has in some cases provided a mechanism for organized labor to seek and sometimes to gain new rights. The case studies provided evidence of the frustration of innovation by the 13(c) process, particularly concerning the introduction of paratransit services and subcontracting of new services to cheaper providers. The study does not provide evidence on the typicality of representativesness of these types of experiences. KW - Case studies KW - Hazards KW - Labor law KW - Labor unions KW - Legislation KW - Management KW - Obstructions (Navigation) KW - Paratransit services KW - Subcontractors KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/266683 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386307 AU - Metropolitan Interstate Committee AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DULUTH DOWNTOWN SUPERIOR STREET TRANSIT STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/07 SP - 84 p. AB - Study analyzes the impacts that alternative improvements and changes in Downtown Duluth will have on Superior Street and the transit system. Six alternative system concepts for improving transit, traffic, pedestrian, and related activities were developed, analyzed, and evaluated. These included maintaining current transit operations, a bus priority alternative, exclusive bus lanes, reverse flow bus lanes, a transit mall, and a pedestrian mall. The study presents a set of recommendations and design guidelines which will have a positive effect on the transit system and which will enhance passenger convenience, travel time and vehicle movement. KW - Bus lanes KW - Bus priority KW - Central business districts KW - Minnesota KW - Pedestrian malls KW - Transit malls KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban renewal UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200093 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382241 AU - Port Authority of New York and New Jersey AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES BETWEEN MANHATTAN AND KENNEDY AIRPORT THROUGH THE QUEENS TRAVEL CORRIDOR. PHASE II--FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT PY - 1983/07 SP - v.p. AB - New York City's Kennedy Airport, expected to handle 35 million passengers by 1995 (a one-third increase from 1981), is seen encountering landside traffic constraints unless there is improved access by public transportation. Any improvement will also facilitate movement of employees working at the Airport and can improve travel for Queens residents in the Midtown Manhattan-to-JFK corridor. Transportation system management (TSM) as applied to the problems would involve low-cost operational improvement to the two primary JFK public transportation access systems--express buses from Midtown and express rapid-transit service. More capital intensive improvements would involve changes in the rapid-transit/feeder-bus terminal near JFK, a restricted access road into the airport for buses and other high-occupancy vehicles, and a 5.4-mile busway on an inactive railroad right-of-way. Tables for the various options summarize passengers benefitted, capital required per passenger, revenues, operating and maintenance costs, and operating savings per benefitted passenger. KW - Airport access KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Busways KW - Capital KW - Express buses KW - Feeder buses KW - Landside capacity KW - New York (New York) KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - Rapid transit KW - Transportation system management KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201508 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381586 AU - Hamilton, J B AU - National Center for Research in Vocational Ed AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUPERVISORY TRAINING COURSE FOR FIRST-LINE BUS MAINTENANCE SUPERVISORS: PLAN, ASSIGN, AND MONITOR WORK. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/07 SP - 8 p. AB - The report describes the procedures utilized and the resulting outcomes in the development and trial of a training course for first-line bus maintenance supervisors. A supervisory training course for these supervisors was designed to use a performance-based approach to training--an approach geared to develop trainees' knowledge and skills in the tasks that actually make up the job of a first-line bus maintenance supervisor. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations presented for implementation of this course and additional supervisory training course development, based upon the verified supervisory skills in other identified functional areas. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Curricula KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381587 AU - Hamilton, J B AU - National Center for Research in Vocational Ed AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUPERVISORY TRAINING COURSE FOR FIRST-LINE BUS MAINTENANCE SUPERVISORS: PLAN, ASSIGN, AND MONITOR WORK. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/07 AB - This report describes the procedures utilized and the resulting outcomes in the development and trial of a training course for first-line bus maintenance supervisor. A supervisory training course for these supervisors was designed to use a performance-base approach to training-an approach geared to develop trainees' knowledge and skills in the tasks that actually make up the job of a first-line bus maintenance supervisor. The tasks performed on the job were identified by expert, practicing first-line bus maintenance supervisors from seven major urban mass transit authorities. The 112 task statements in eleven functional areas were then verified as important through a review and rating process by 50 supervisors and their superiors in a random sample of other transit authorities throughout the United States. High-priority areas for training identified in the field were planning, assigning, and monitoring work. In the development of the course, tasks in these areas were covered in information and practice activities clustered into three instructional modules. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Curricula KW - Maintenance personnel KW - Supervision KW - Training KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201496 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380826 AU - Pickrell, D H AU - Harvard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CAUSES OF RISING TRANSIT OPERATING DEFICITS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/07 SP - 11 p. AB - This document is the executive summary of the final report that presents detailed estimates of the contributions by growth factors in operating deficits among U.S. urban transit systems between 1970 and 1980, as well as an analysis of causes underlying each factor. They include increases in operating expenditures per unit of transit service, increases in aggregate level of service supplied, declining utilization of transit services, and reduced fare revenue per passenger carried. The summary highlights recommendations for actions by transit operators, transportation planners, and government officials to control rapidly rising deficits. Some of the major findings in this report state that: 1) rising unit labor costs were the most important single source of escalating transit deficits between 1970 and 1980, accounting for more than 43 percent of the inflation-adjusted growth in the industry's operating losses; 2) rising costs for vehicle propulsion energy accounted for 10 percent of growth in the nation's aggregate operating deficits; 3) expansion of the aggregate level of nationwide transit service was responsible for another 16 percent of growth in operating deficits; 4) deteriorating utilization of urban transit service accounted for about 2 percent of total deficit growth; and 5) substantial decline in average fare revenue per passenger accounted for 28 percent of overall increase in operating deficits. KW - Costs KW - Deficits KW - Fares KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Labor costs KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193608 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380825 AU - Pickrell, D H AU - Harvard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE CAUSES OF RISING TRANSIT OPERATING DEFICITS PY - 1983/07 SP - 160 p. AB - This report presents detailed estimates of the contributions by various factors to growth in operating deficits among U.S. urban transit systems between 1970 and 1980, as well as an extensive analysis of the causes underlying each of these factors. They include increases in operating expenditures per unit of transit service, increases in the aggregate level of service supplied, declining utilization of transit services, and reduced fare revenue per passenger carried. The report also examines variation in the growth of transit operating losses and the relative importance of its different sources among U.S. urban areas. The report provides detailed recommendations for actions by transit operators, transportation planners, and government officials to control rapidly rising deficits. Some of the major findings in this study state that: 1) rising unit labor costs were the most important single source of escalating transit deficits between 1970 and 1980, accounting for more than 43 percent of the inflation-adjusted growth in the industry's operating losses; 2) rising costs for vehicle propulsion energy accounted for 10 percent of growth in the nation's aggregate operating deficit; 3) expansion of the aggregate level of nationwide transit service was responsible for another 16 percent of growth in operating deficits; 4) deteriorating utilization of urban transit service accounted for about 2 percent of total deficit growth; and 5) substantial decline in average fare revenue per passenger accounted for 28 percent of overall increase in operating deficits. KW - Costs KW - Deficits KW - Fares KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Labor costs KW - Level of service KW - Operating costs KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - Ridership KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193607 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380185 AU - Seekell, F AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UPDATED RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF V730 TRANSMISSION PY - 1983/07 SP - v.p. AB - The Detroit Diesel Allison V730 automatic, 3-speed transit bus transmission has had a generally unfavorable performance since its introduction in 1976. A preliminary study by TSC of problems encountered and the effectiveness of corrective measures was described in a 1982 UMTA Technology Sharing report. Since then, a reasonable amount of operating time has been accumulated on units incorporating a number of corrective design modifications. Data indicates a general and significant improvement in reliability. Southern California Rapid Transit District has data showing a high proportion of the transmissions yet have to sustain their first failure even after an average of 75,000 miles. This is in contrast to the premature onset of failures in the early transmissions discussed in the 1982 report. The extended data and the analysis are included. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Hydraulic transmissions KW - Performance evaluations KW - Reliability KW - Statistics KW - Transmissions KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378731 AU - Dornan, D L AU - Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ANALYSIS OF COMMUTER RAIL COSTS AND COST ALLOCATION METHODS PY - 1983/07 SP - 142 p. AB - The report addresses the issues of commuter rail service costs and the compensation methods used to allocate railroad expenses to the commuter service function. The report consists of six sections. Section 1 describes the study purpose, scope, methodology, and assumptions. Section 2 details the cost structure of rail services as reported by all major railroads to the Interstate Commerce Commission and the primary factors influencing these cost categories for commuter rail operators. Section 3 describes the primary methods of allocating the costs of railroad operations between freight and commuter services. Section 4 presents case study analyses of seven selected commuter rail systems operating in the United States. Each system is described briefly in terms of route structure, service characteristics, labor arrangements, operating statistics, operating revenues and costs, and expense compensation methods. This information provides a quantitative basis for Section 5, which compares the cost effectiveness of these seven commuter rail systems and assesses the cost allocation methods used. Section 6 presents the report's findings and conclusions. KW - Allocations KW - Analysis KW - Avoidable costs KW - Case studies KW - Cost allocation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Railroad commuter service KW - Subsidies KW - Variable costs KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191886 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378900 AU - Bloch, A AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, AND MAINTAINING ACCESSIBLE ACCESSWAYS TO AND FROM BUS STOPS: EXISTING PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE WHEELCHAIR TRAVELER PY - 1983/07 SP - 90 p. AB - This report was prepared to assist local governments in preparing plans to implement lift-equipped bus service in their transit systems. It describes the results of research undertaken to assess current practices followed by local governments when they plan, implement, and operate fully accessible buses in their systems. This report provides a synopsis of national laws and regulations related to transportation and building accessibility that set the basis for similar requirements at state and local levels. It describes and identifies state and local laws and regulations pertaining to the transportation handicapped in the New York City metropolitan area, and summarizes the self-perceived role of various agencies in the provision of accessible transportation for the handicapped. The study also investigates key aspects of pedestrian accessway planning such as sidewalks, streets and bus stops in seven localities within the New York metropolitan area--Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. The successful Seattle, Washington, accessible bus route and accessway pedestrian systems are discussed in this report. From the case studies discussed in this report, it was reported that existing federal regulations and various state and local codes do not deal with the need for making accessways accessible to the severely disabled. This report provides recommendations intended to improve existing practices by requiring a higher level of coordination between local governmental agencies involved in transportation. In addition, the assessment indicates the need for establishing explicit standards of design and traffic control responsive to the needs of wheelchair users. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Bus design KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Legislation KW - Lifts KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Regulations KW - Sidewalks KW - Vehicle design KW - Walkways KW - Wheelchairs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192020 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468027 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA CIRCULAR 9030.1--SECTION 9 FORMULA GRANT APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS PY - 1983/06/27 SP - v.p. AB - This Circular which provides specific guidelines for the preparation of grant applications, was developed in cooperation with representative transit authorities, metropolitan planning organizations, State departments of transportation and special interest groups, including the American Public Transit Association and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. The new Section 9 program offers the opportunity to enhance the responsibilities of State and local governmental entities while substantially reducing the Federal Government's role in the grant development and approval processes and this was prepared to accomplish these objectives. KW - Fund allocations KW - Government funding KW - Grant aid KW - Guidelines KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281669 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00390698 AU - Bergman, E M AU - Stein, J I AU - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COOPERATIVE FORMS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/06 SP - 92 p. AB - This report builds on survey and in-depth interview information obtained for fourteen taxicab cooperatives in the early 1980's. General findings indicate that taxicab cooperatives in the U.S. tend to operate more cabs than the industry-wide average, are more prevalent in medium-to-large cities, are less likely to hold high market shares in their service areas, and they grew at three times the industry rate during the 1978-81 period. Cooperatives also appeared to be too general a term because at least four distinctly different forms of non-traditional taxicab organizations were identified: industry service companies, operator service cooperatives, operator producer cooperatives and employee cooperatives. Based on these differences, the report discussed salutory effects on driver incentives and service quality due to methods of compensation and internal decision-making. Cooperatives ability to attain industry scale efficiencies, attract career drivers, and adopt particular management styles which suit their needs and origins are also examined. A number of policy recommendations are directed toward public bodies responsible for taxicab regulation, particularly regulations intended for taxicab cooperatives, anti-leasing ordinances, radio regulation, financial assistance programs and publicly supported paratransit. KW - Cooperatives KW - Government policies KW - Institutional issues KW - Management KW - Management policies KW - Paratransit services KW - Policy KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/206234 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389403 AU - Liskamm, W H AU - Conradt, R AU - GRUEN ASSOCIATES AU - San Mateo County Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SERRAMONTE TRANSIT CENTER STUDY. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/06 SP - v.p. AB - Serramonte Center is a very active regional shopping center just south of San Francisco. Several bus routes of San Mateo County Transit stop at a bus shelter in the Center's parking lot and a significant number of shoppers and Center employees use the bus service. Center owners began planning a major expansion with added stores, new parking structures and a new bus station closer to the center of retail activity. The Center and SamTrans cooperated in studying design requirements of a terminal and the feasibility of joint improvements for public-owned buses on a privately owned site. Bus service brings added shoppers who would not normally come by auto and reduces parking requirements allowing for added shoppping center development. While the transit center location should be at the center of shopping activity, this would be impractical without a busway to reach the center. This report has 6 parts: (1) Summary of principal conclusions; (2) Data on existing site and transit services with likely options for future expansion; (3) Discussion of results of initial survey of problems, issues and ideas; (4) Results of transit user surveys and projections; (5) Alternative station locations; (6) Results of the study and lessons learned for possible use in designing centers and services for other shopping centers. KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Busways KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Private enterprise KW - Rail transit stations KW - Retail trade KW - San Francisco (California) KW - Shopping centers KW - Urban development UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/5000/5600/5601/810a.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208758 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468011 AU - CENTRAL TRANSPORTATION PLANNING STAFF AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 1983-1987 PY - 1983/06 SP - v.p. AB - The Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) is a staged, five-year program of improvement projects of the highway and public transportation systems in the Boston metropolitan region. Projects listed in the TIP are expected to be candidates for federal funding for preliminary engineering and/or construction over the next five fiscal years (1983-1987). KW - Government funding KW - Highway transportation KW - Public transit KW - Transportation Improvement Program KW - Transportation improvement program/tip KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281665 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389883 AU - Butz, J R AU - Mattil, J F AU - Regional Transportation District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVAPORATIVE COOLERS FOR TRANSIT BUSES. VOLUME II--PREPRODUCTION EVALUATION IN REVENUE SERVICE PY - 1983/06 SP - 162 p. AB - In the spring of 1983 RTD contracted for 18 evaporative coolers to be installed on 1981 GMC "New Look" buses. The coolers were built to the RTD detailed design specifications. These units were purchased to evaluate reliability of the design in revenue service prior to equipping the rest of the GM fleet. The evaluation was done on three levels: 1) temperature data was recorded on two buses continuously, on all routes, in revenue service in Denver during July and August, 2) a detailed passenger survey was conducted by RTD, 3) maintenance, operational and design problems would be observed and solved. This report discusses the results of this evaluation. The use of a heavy duty, high efficiency cooling unit, designed and sized for the demanding service requirements of transit coaches has proven to be a viable alternative to refrigerated air conditioning at approximately half the life cycle cost. Data shows an overall average of 9 deg F temperature drop in the bus from ambient in the Denver area. Cities in the central and western U.S. will now have the option to use this type of system. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Arid land KW - Arid region KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Evaporation KW - Humidity KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Low humidity KW - Maintainability KW - New look buses KW - New products KW - Passenger comfort KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389882 AU - Butz, J R AU - Mattil, J F AU - Regional Transportation District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVAPORATIVE COOLERS FOR TRANSIT BUSES. VOLUME I--DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING AND EVALUATION PY - 1983/06 SP - 302 p. AB - The Regional Transportation District (RTD) of Denver, Colorado has been investigating and developing the application of evaporative cooling to urban transit coaches since 1979. Denver and most of the semi-arid western U.S. experience an ideal climate to take advantage of this method of cooling. Several types of evaporative coolers including recreational vehicle units and some developed by RTD have been tested by RTD. In 1982, based upon this work, a set of specifications was written to develop a design particularly for use on buses, under an UMTA grant. An evaporative cooling contractor was selected to develop three design concepts as far as the prototype stage. A university research institute was selected to do the testing. Two of the concepts were built as prototypes and installed on two buses. A third concept was built as a bench-scale test unit. The two prototyes were tested in Tucson in October and November of 1982 under three operating conditions: first, with the coach parked and running, second, with the coach operating on typical routes without passengers; and third, in routine revenue service. Test results and analyses are discussed in detail in routine revenue service. Tests results and analyses are discussed in detail in the body of this report along with design concepts and the engineering of the prototypes. The prototype coolers designed and built under this project have been extensively tested, providing a documented demonstration of the capacity and capability to effectively cool a transit coach in typical revenue service. In low humidity climates, this technology affords an opportunity to increase passenger comfort at a cost well below that of conventional mechanical air conditioning as reparted in the life cycle cost analysis included in this report. cost analysis included in this report. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Analysis KW - Arid land KW - Arid region KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Denver (Colorado) KW - Evaporators KW - Humidity KW - Low humidity KW - Systems engineering KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205770 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378959 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER-SIDE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS FOR SPECIAL NEEDS TRANSPORTATION-A PLANNING HANDBOOK PY - 1983/06 SP - 99 p. AB - This handbook, first of a series, provides guidance for designing and implementing a user-side subsidy program. The book is divided into two parts--Program Planning and Program Implementation. The Planning section covers six areas--Goals and Objectives; User Eligibility and Demand; Involving Service Providers; Subsidy Mechanisms; Program Administration; and Programs Costs and Funding. The Implementation sections covers three areas: Community Liaison & Marketing; Negotiating with Service Providers; and Monitoring & Refinement. User-side subsidy programs are a means of improving the mobility of selected individuals in a community without establishing new transportation services or providing operating subsidies to existing transportation providers. User-side subsidies distribute subsidies directly to users, who may then select among participating service providers for their trips. With existing operators utilized and subsidy targeted to well-defined user groups and trips, payment is automatically adjusted to the number of trips actually made. The handbook has a planning by analogy concept where past and ongoing programs can greatly simplify the process of designing new programs. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Handbooks KW - Low income groups KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - User side subsidies KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192058 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387875 AU - HARRISON, F AU - Neumana, L AU - Atherton, T AU - Cambridge Systematics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER-SIDE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS FOR SPECIAL NEEDS TRANSPORTATION PY - 1983/06 AB - User-side subsidy, the concept addressed in the handbook, offers means for improving the mobility of selected individuals in a community without establishing new transportation services or providing direct operating subsidies to existing transportation providers. Under a user-side subsidy program, transportation subsidies are distributed directly to the traveler in the form of reduced-price tickets, vouchers, or scrip, which can be used as payment for trips taken with participating service providers. User-side subsidy programs have been successfully implemented in a large number of sites across the United States, typically to provide special needs transportation services to elderly or handicapped individuals who cannot use conventional transit services. Accordingly, emphasis in the handbook is on programs involving paratransit modes, such as taxis and chair-car services, as opposed to fixed-route bus operations. However, much of the information presented is applicable to any transportation service arrangement. The handbook is divided into two parts--Program Planning and Program Implementation. KW - Aged KW - Handbooks KW - Implementation KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Taxicabs KW - Transportation planning KW - User side subsidies KW - Vans UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382614 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ENERGY USE IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1983/06 SP - 76 p. AB - Transportation systems account for approximately twenty-five percent of the country's total energy consumption. Such a large fraction on the Nation's energy resources has prompted increased awareness of the role which transportation technology plays in the area of energy consumption. Of the different transportation modes, automobiles and trucks combine to consume approximately three-quartes of all transportation energy as of 1980. The report stresses that the importance of technologies aimed at reducing these large expenditures of out Nation's resources cannot be minimized. This report reviews the principal technological factors which affect the three modes of transportation: automotive; bus; and urban rail, and seeks to provide the reader with a summary of the parameters which critically impact each mode. It is meant to serve as a handbook-type reference of the major factors affecting transit vehicle efficiency and energy consumption in the three modes. Special emphasis is given to subject content expected to be of greatest interest to individuals active in the field of transportation and energy management. Those desiring more detailed treatment in a given area are referred to the bibliography at the end of the report. KW - Automobiles KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Economic efficiency KW - Efficiency KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Handbooks KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198603 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382604 AU - Karlin, A AU - Riviera, A AU - McDonald, M AU - Turner, D AU - Stickler, J AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ENERGY USE IN GROUND TRANSPORTATION PY - 1983/06 SP - 76 p. AB - Transportation systems account for approximately twenty-five percent of the country's total energy consumption. Such a large fraction on the Nation's energy resources has prompted increased awareness of the role which transportation technology plays in the area of energy consumption. Of the different transportation modes, automobiles and trucks combine to consume approximately three-quarters of all transportation energy as of 1980. The report stresses that the importance of technologies aimed at reducing these large expenditures of our Nation's resources cannot be minimized. KW - Automobiles KW - Competition KW - Electric railroads KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy consumption KW - Motor carriers KW - Railroad electrification KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology assessment KW - Transportation modes KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198593 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382615 AU - Mundle, S R AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT MANAGEMENT INCENTIVE CONTRACTS. VOLUME I: INFORMATION FOR LOCAL TRANSIT AGENCIES PY - 1983/06 SP - 116 p. AB - This report is the by-product of an exploratory study sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration regarding the feasibility of expanding the incentive contract concept to the area of public transportation Management. The study researched the theoretical background of incentive contracts as well as their application in transit and non-transit industries. It also defined the components of the incentive contract as it could be used in the transit industry. These components are: objectives; performance; indicators; payment methods; and contract types. During the course of the study, it became apparent that there was growing interest throughout the transit industry toward the use of incentives. As presentations of the concepts were made to professional organizations, a number of individuals requested detailed guidance on incorporating incentive clauses into their existing agreements. Similarly, acceptance of the concept of payment-for-performance is evident in several new labor agreements recently enacted. This report provides step-by-step guidance in developing incentive clauses. It is intended for use by local transit agencies' staff and board members who would consider incorporating incentive clauses in current and future contractual agreements. The report guides the local agency through the assessment of whether or not the concept is feasible for their situation and through the process of resolving the primary considerations. There is no "right" approach given. Examples provided are merely illustrative. The authors note that the approach taken should be a reflection of local objectives and priorities. Volume II: Demonstration Plan, is an Internal Report, and will not be distributed. KW - Contracts KW - Incentives KW - Labor agreements KW - Management KW - Performance evaluations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Work rules UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198604 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381022 AU - Walther, E S AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE AND LOCAL FINANCING OF PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. PY - 1983/06 SP - 46 p. AB - This study examines sources and uses of financial support currently in use or under consideration for public transit systems in four states. The study examines the funding arrangements and institutional interactions of five transit systems in the four states. The states involved in the case studies are California, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Georgia. While all sources of funds are considered, emphasis is placed on non-Federal governmental sources. Non-government funds such as farebox revenues are examined. The uses of these funds and any usage restrictions upon particular funds are detailed in the report. The study examines the advantages and disadvantages of dedicated funding sources, farebox requirements, forecasting techniques utilized, potential additional funding sources, legal restrictions upon funds usage, and the organizational and political environment surrounding the case study systems. The results of the five transit system case studies indicate that a withdrawal of Federal operating subsidies would place severe upward pressure on transit fares. The authors point out that if transit is to maintain present levels of service, not to mention providing expanded service, then greater stability in funding sources appears to be required. KW - Case studies KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197468 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381023 AU - Walther, E S AU - North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - STATE AND LOCAL FINANCING OF PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS PY - 1983/06 SP - n.p. AB - This study examines sources and uses of financial support currently in use or under consideration for public transit systems in four states. The study examines the founding arrangements and institutional interactions of five transit systems in the four states. The states involved in the case studies are California, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Georgia. While all sources of funds are considered, emphasis is placed on non-Federal governmental sources. Non-government funds such as farebox revenues are examined. The uses of these funds and any usage restrictions upon particular funds are detailed in the report. The study examines the advantages and disadvantages of dedicated funding sources, farebox requirements, forecasting techniques utilized, potential additional funding sources, legal restrictions upon funds usage, and the organizational and political environment surrounding the case study systems. The results of the five transit system case studies indicate that a withdrawal of Federal operating subsidies would place severe upward pressure on transit fares. The authors point out that if transit is to maintain present levels of service, not to mention providing expanded service, then greater stability in funding sources appears to be required. KW - Case studies KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Legal factors KW - Level of service KW - Local government KW - Politics KW - Public transit KW - Revenues KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201471 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380192 AU - ELKINS, J A AU - Analytic Sciences Corporation AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHEEL/RAIL FORCE MEASUREMENT AT THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. PHASE 2. VOLUME 1. ANALYSIS REPORT PY - 1983/06 SP - 81 p. AB - In support of the Office of Rail and Construction Technology of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) is conducting analytical and experimental studies to relate transit truck design characteristics, wheel/rail forces, and wheel/rail wear rates, in order to provide options for reducing the wear rates of wheels and rails experienced by transit properties and minimizing system life cycle costs of vehicle and track components, while maintaining or improving equipment performance. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Lateral stability KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Vehicle design KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193122 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380184 AU - Boctor, K AU - Michigan Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EVALUATION OF RETARDERS FOR TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1983/06 SP - v.p. AB - The increased weight, higher speeds and use of softer brake-lining materials have resulted in Advanced Design buses (ADSs) achieving lower brake-lining life than the earlier New Look Buses. A vehicle retarder, when actuated, provides an auxiliary and independent braking system for absorbing a portion of the kinetic energy of a decelerating bus. By sharing braking with the service brake system, the retarder results in cooler brakes and increased lining life. Michigan DOT tested 3 types of retarders (engine brake, hydraulic and electric) on buses of the transit systems in Detroit, Grand Rapids and Lansing where they were operated on equivalent routes with buses not so equipped. Measurement of lining life and data on maintenance were compiled. It was show that the engine brake retarder increased brake lining life by up to 1.65 times and the hydraulic and electric retarders achieved 4 to 6 times better lining life. Assuming a 12-year bus life, retrofits would provide net savings of $19,000 to $40,000 per bus. Availability would also be increased. Retarders are adaptable to the ADBs and do provide substantial brake maintenance savings. KW - Availability KW - Brake linings KW - Braking performance KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Energy absorption KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Life cycle costing KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Retarders KW - Retarders (Concrete) KW - Supply KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194117 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380193 AU - Boyd, P J AU - Zaiko, J P AU - Jordan, W L AU - Ensco, Incorporated AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - WHEEL/RAIL FORCE MEASUREMENT AT THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY. PHASE 2. VOLUME 2. TEST REPORT PY - 1983/06 SP - 93 p. AB - In support of the Office of Rail and Construction Technology of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration, the Transportation Systems Center (TSC) is conducting analytical and experimental studies to relate transit truck design characteristics, wheel/rail forces, and wheel/rail wear rates, in order to provide options for reducing the wear rates of wheels and rails experienced by transit properties and minimizing system life cycle costs of vehicle and track components, while maintaining or improving equipment performance. As part of this work, TSC planned and implemented an expanded Phase II measurements program in order to obtain onboard wheel/rail force measurements over a representative range of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority's (WMATA's) operation conditions; obtain data to quantify the load environment of direct fixation fasteners and evaluate the influence of changes in fastener characteristics on performance; evaluate the influence of taper and suspension modification on high speed stability; and assess the feasibility of a retrofit to the WMATA truck to improve curving performance. These tests were conducted in the Fall of 1981. KW - Car trucks (Railroads) KW - Lateral stability KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Ride quality KW - Rolling contact KW - Steering KW - Vehicle design KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority KW - Wear KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193123 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380204 AU - Levine, S H AU - Tufts University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IN SELECTING AMONG MASS TRANSIT CONSTRUCTION ALTERNATIVES PY - 1983/06 SP - 87 p. AB - This research study focuses on the relationship between alternative construction schedules and their resultant economic impact. The goal is the development of a list of recommendations leading ultimately to guidelines and standards governing the construction scheduling process. The concept examined in this report states that publicly supported construction should be carried out with the public's benefit in mind, and that this includes scheduling as well. This report presents recommendations on scheduling practices that are based on this statement. The presentation emphasizes compatibility with existing scheduling practices and the role of the Leontief model in decision-making. In this report, a Leontief input-output model with dynamic capabilities is developed and applied to the assessment of the economic impact of mass transit construction, namely, the relationship of economic impact of mass transit and construction schedule alternatives. The model developed for this study, Core Sequential Interindustrial Model (CORSIM) has the additional feature of developing a dynamic picture, referred to as the impact chronology as oppposed to the static summary provided by the regular input-output model. Chapter 2 of this report discusses computer modeling techniques; Chapter 3 develops the mathematical basis of CORSIM and illustrates its relevance to the economic impact of a construction project; Chapter 4 presents the application of CORSIM to construction scheduling; and Chapter 5 provides the conclusions and recommendations to the study. KW - Construction projects KW - Construction scheduling KW - Decision making KW - Economic impacts KW - Guidelines KW - Information processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Programming (Planning) KW - Rail transit facilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193130 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378902 AU - Phillips, R O AU - Wilson Hill Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPUTERIZED CUSTOMER INFORMATION SYSTEM (CCIS) AT THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAPID TRANSIT DISTRICT (SCRTD) PY - 1983/06 SP - 166 p. AB - This document is a product of an ongoing program to assess the impacts of automated transit information system (ATIS) technology on the transit industry's efforts to improve the productivity and quality of telephone information/marketing services to the public. The report presents descriptions of a variety of data collection and analysis efforts undertaken in the evaluation of the Computerized Customer Information System (CCIS), an automated transit information system currently being implemented and tested in a pilot deployment at the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD). The objective of this report is to quantify and assess the impacts of this application of ATIS technology on system users and management within the SCRTD, as well as on the general public in the Los Angeles area being served by the system, and to determine how well the CCIS met its pre-implementation objectives. It is hoped that the descriptions of system implementation efforts in this report will also serve to provide helpful insights for other transit systems interested in the application of ATIS technology. The key elements in this assessment were measures of information system demand, information agent productivity, system response accuracy, agent job satisfaction, and economic benefits to the SCRTD from system implementation. Other variables were benefits of centralized data base updating and potential uses of the system as a resource by other SCRTD departments. The authors conclude that the CCIS pilot demonstration has achieved most of its intended objectives and is currently functioning with the support and confidence of its users. KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Marketing KW - Passenger information systems KW - Productivity KW - Routing KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Telephone UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192022 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462869 AU - Jacobs, M AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - NATIONAL URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS, 1981 SECTION 15 REPORT. ANNUAL REPORT FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDING BETWEEN JULY 1, 1980 AND JUNE 30, 1981 PY - 1983/05 SP - 384 p. AB - This report summarizes the financial and operating data submitted annually to the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) by the nation's public transit operators, pursuant to Section 15 of the UMTA Act of 1964, as amended. The report consists of two sections: Section 1 contains industry aggregate statistics only, while Section 2 contains detailed financial and operating data on individual transit agencies. The current edition contains transit industry statistics compiled from the Section 15 data submitted by the transit agencies for fiscal years ending between July 1, 1980 and June 30, 1981, the third year of operation of the Section 15 reporting system. It is important to note that, due to reporting inconsistencies, commuter rail data is not included in this document. KW - Crashes KW - Energy consumption KW - Expenditures KW - Financial analysis KW - Public transit KW - Statistics KW - Transit vehicle operations KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56400/56477/nationalurbanma0601mich_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/274345 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00452510 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - San Francisco Planning Department AU - San Francisco Municipal Railway TI - FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT. MUNI J LINE CONNECTION PROJECT SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA PY - 1983/05 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents environmental impacts of three alternative alignments of the J-Church Street streetcar line of the San Francisco Municipal Railway to connect the existing terminus with the storage facility at the end of another line over 2 miles away. The San Jose Avenue alternative would be constructed within street rights of way entirely. The J Line and the M Line, with which it would then connect, would be interlined so the two could form a loop making it unnecessary to run cars at Ocean Avenue Car Barn and at the end of the present J Line. The connection would reduce costs for Muni and reduce problems of putting cars into service and withdrawing them as peak hours come and go. It is not expected that the new connection would induce either commercial or residential growth in the area. An existing bus route would be cut back when streetcar service was introduced. Effects on air quality, noise, vibration, vegetation, energy, soils, geology and historical sites are discussed, both during construction and then operation. KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - San Francisco Municipal Railway KW - Streetcars UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/269243 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389350 AU - Mordecai, J M AU - Regional Planning Council AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation AU - Department of Energy TI - SCENARIO PLANNING: ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE LONG RANGE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS PY - 1983/05 SP - 253 p. AB - This report documents an 18-month study funded by the Department of Energy and the Department of Transportation which aimed at incorporating energy conservation in regional planning framework. The study was a prototype application of scenario analysis in the public planning context. The scenario technique is a comprehensive approach which allows consideration of the interaction of energy issues with transportation as well as other planning concerns such as land use, technological change, and economic development. The project created several hypothetical futures typified by varying levels of oil availability, and constructed sets of policy responses designed to deal with the problems typifying those future conditions. KW - Baltimore (Maryland) KW - Economic development KW - Energy conservation KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Land use KW - Policy making KW - Regional planning KW - Technology assessment UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205430 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382231 AU - Yu, Chenjie AU - McCurdy, N AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Erdoel and KohleErdgasPetrochemie TI - AIR STARTERS FOR TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1983/05 SP - 10 p. AB - This study was conducted to familiarize transit agencies with the potential benefits gained by utilizing air starting systems as an alternative to electrical starting systems. The potential benefits include improved starting reliability under hot and cold weather conditions and cost savings in electrical system maintenance. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cold weather KW - Compressed air KW - Diesel engines KW - Electric batteries KW - Hot weather KW - Hot weather operations KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operations KW - Reliability KW - Starting KW - Starting (Driving) KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198312 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468395 AU - Rice Center AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - JOINT CENTER CREATED TO EXPLORE FINANCING TECHNIQUES PY - 1983/05 SP - 2 p. AB - The Joint Center is a research program of Rice Center, a Houston based not-for-profit research organization affiliated with Rice University. The Joint Center was established in September 1982, through the multi-year sponsorship of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation and local public and private leaders. The primary focus of the Joint Center is to research innovative solutions to the planning, developing, operating and financing of transportation systems in U.S. cities; to explore their applicability to a range of mobility and financial needs; and to assist public agencies and private sector leader in applying them. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Financing KW - Joint Center for Urban Mobility Research KW - Mobility KW - Private enterprise KW - Technical assistance KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279353 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00394475 AU - GOLENBERG, M AU - Howard, J A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SHORT RANGE TSM SUBAREA PLANNING CASE STUDY PY - 1983/05 SP - 73 p. AB - This case study is one in a series of three case studies which illustrate approaches for specific types of subarea planning studies. This study, for the downtown area of Lewiston, Maine, is an example of short range TSM highway circulation system and highway deficiency improvement planning for an activity center. The approach used for this study was developed by applying the general principles contained in the Principles and Procedures Guide to a specific problem in a specific setting. The approach is developed in six steps, which are described in this report. In Define the Problem, the integration of transportation issues, and urban design objectives into a problem statement are discussed. In Define the Study Area, issues relating to defining the geographic extent of impacts related to the project are treated. Analyze Existing Conditions describes the tasks of evaluating physical and operational conditions, analyzing travel demand, and synthesizing the results of the physical and demand analysis. Analyze Future Conditions describes the greatly simplified approach taken in this slow growth area, resulting in the decision to base plan development on existing conditions. Four steps are discussed in Develop and Evaluate the Transportation Plan. First, policy guidelines for plan development are established, from which detailed evaluation criteria are described. The plan is then developed to insure that the criteria are met. Finally, specific improvement actions are detailed. In Develop Implementation Program, a critical path for action implementation is discussed. Other case studies in this series represent different approaches taken to address other types of subarea planning problems in other specific settings. KW - Central business districts KW - Maine KW - Pedestrian areas KW - Small cities KW - Traffic flow KW - Traffic restraint KW - Transportation management KW - Transportation operations KW - Transportation system management UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/212504 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387678 AU - Jessup, D R AU - Wormer, G van AU - Preston, H AU - Short Elliott Hendrickson Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF TRANSIT RELATED ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1983/05 SP - 126 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide a uniform guide to the development and design of various transit related roadway improvements. This is a technical document which reflects the current transit related factors which traffic engineers, architects, planners, and developers should consider during the design process for streets and highways, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial developments. The report covers several topic areas which include: design vehicle operating characteristics; roadway facilities; traffic control devices; park and ride lots; passenger shelters; bus stop design; handicapped transportation; and ridesharing considerations. Much of the information is also useful for school buses and other larger vehicles. In addition, the report identifies by subject matter, the appropriate person to contact to answer various transit related questions. The authors note that the information contained in this report should not be used by the designer as standard details on which to base a final design, but rather as recommended criteria that are valuable in attaining good designs and which should be considered when designing transit facilities. The Guidelines contained in this report both update and expand the substance and coverage of the previous report, which was adopted by the Metropolitan Transit Commission in July, 1975. KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Bus stops KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Geometrics KW - Guidelines KW - Highway design KW - Park and ride KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Street design KW - Streets KW - Traffic control devices KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201114 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377033 AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TAXI REGULATORY REVISION IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON PY - 1983/05 SP - 252 p. AB - In May 1979 the City of Seattle enacted license code revisions affecting taxicabs. Entry is opened to both fleets and independents and there is no limit on total licenses or the number of licenses a single operator may obtain. Open rate setting replaces the previous standard rate of fare by allowing taxi companies to file individually selected rates. This Final Report evaluates the effects of the regulatory revisions on local taxi service suppliers, taxi users and taxi regulators. Evaluation issues included changes in the level and quality of taxi service, changes in demand, taxi user characteristics and awareness of service, changes in taxi service productivity measures and the administrative efforts involved in implementation. Since the city's code changes affected taxi industry size and operations in King County and at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, special attention was also paid to interjurisdictional issues. KW - Administration KW - Governments KW - Jurisdiction KW - Level of service KW - Paratransit services KW - Regulations KW - Seattle (Washington) KW - Taxicabs KW - Travel demand UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190820 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382623 AU - Jessup, D R AU - Van Wormer, G AU - Preston, H AU - Metropolitan Transit Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF TRANSIT RELATED ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS PY - 1983/05 SP - 126 p. AB - The purpose of this report is to provide a uniform guide to the development and design of various transit related roadway improvements. It is a technical document which reflects the current transit related factors which traffic engineers, architects, planners, and developers should consider during the design process for streets and highways, as well as residential, commercial, and industrial developments. The report covers several topic areas which include: design vehicle operating characteristics; roadway facilities; traffic control devices; park and ride lots; passenger shelters; bus stop design; handicapped transportation; and ridesharing considerations. Much of the information is also useful for school buses and other larger vehicles. In addition, the report identifies, by subject matter, the appropriate transit contact person to answer various transit related questions. This report also references related design manuals and standards developed by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the Institute of Transportation Engineers. The authors note that the information contained in this report should not be used by the designer as standard details on which to base a final design, but rather as recommended criteria that are valuable in attaining good designs and which should be considered when designing transit facilities. KW - Accessibility KW - Bus stop shelters KW - Bus stops KW - Buses KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Highway design KW - Park and ride KW - Parking facilities KW - School buses KW - Traffic signals KW - Turning movements KW - Turning traffic KW - Umta section 8 UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198612 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382626 AU - Habib, P A AU - Polytechnic Institute of New York AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PRACTICES IN URBAN FREIGHT PY - 1983/05 SP - 113 p. AB - This report provides a detailed review of a selected number of actions taken by ten municipalities to address urban freight transportation or urban goods movement. The ten municipalities include seven examples of actions drawn from U.S. cities and three from Canadian cities. The research used literature, field visits, interviews, and independent research to formulate the presentation of the actions. An evaluation follows each action presentation to highlight the positive and negative results of each as they might affect application elsewhere. The actions consist of the following existing projects and practices in: travel demand forecasting; curb space management; off-street freight facilities; and zoning for off-street requirements. The authors note that the number of actions available for presentation in this report were limited by the lack of overall consideration of freight transportation by most municipalities and the practices included are somewhat non-traditional and successfully applied. KW - Forecasting KW - Freight terminals KW - Freight transportation KW - Intermodal terminals KW - Parking KW - Parking restraints KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban goods movement KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Zoning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198615 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382230 AU - Poirier, P J AU - Hobbs, V J AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED PASSENGER COUNTING SYSTEMS. SYNOPSIS OF WORKING GROUP MEETING PY - 1983/05 SP - 45 p. AB - The mechanics of automated passenger counting on transit buses and the accuracy of these systems are discussed. Count data needs to be time coded and distance/location information is necessary for effectively correlating data to specific bus stops or other key locations. To check accuracy of automated data, results were compared with that from the typical on-board ride-checker. Ride checkers performed generally better than APC's. It was show that ride checkers are more accurate on boardings than alightings; that standee loads obstruct checkers from recording departures through the center door. Checkers' accuracy also varies from day to day, and between individuals. APS's do not suffer from human variability. There are mechanical problems, with the automatic devices, particularly the sensor equipment. KW - Accuracy KW - Automated passenger counters KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Data collection KW - Design KW - Design criteria KW - Passenger counting KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Statistics KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198311 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381545 AU - GOLENBERG, M AU - Howard, J A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR SUBAREA PLANNING PY - 1983/05 SP - 89 p. AB - The Guide provides the planner with guidance in designing the planning analysis and selecting the techniques for carrying out specific types of subarea planning studies. The guide addresses the many variations of subarea planning problems including: (1) short and long range studies; (2) use of TSM operational and low cost as well as major capital improvement actions; amd (3) planning at the corridor level, for activity centers such as CBD's and for localized sites and facilities. The study approach includes seven steps discussed in this report: Define the Problem: Define the Study Area; Organize the Technical Approach; Base or Existing Conditions Analysis; Future Conditions Analysis; Generating, Testing and Evaluating Alternatives; and Recommendations and Preparation of Implementation Program. Three case studies accompany this guide which illustrate applications of the Principles and Procedures to a short range TSM corridor planning study, a short range TSM subarea (CBD) planning study, and a major capital improvement planning study. KW - Capital KW - Capital improvements KW - Central business districts KW - Corridors KW - Decision making KW - Highway transportation KW - Improvements KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197894 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381040 AU - Pagano, A M AU - McKnight, C AU - Dichter-Figurera, M AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - QUALITY OF SERVICE IN SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED PY - 1983/05 SP - n.p. AB - Special transportation for the elderly and handicapped is provided by a number of different types and sizes of organizations. Examples of different types of providers include private, non-profit social service agencies that primarily provide service for their own clients, transit authorities that operate a demand-responsive service to meet Federal requirements, and taxi companies that have purchase of service agreements with municipalities. This report describes the third year of a three-year study of the effect of the size and type of organization on the service provided. In the first year, economies of scale in special transport was investigated; in the second year, the effect of coordination on provision of special transportation was studied; and in the third and final year, a methodology to measure quality of service in the provision of transportation for the elderly and handicapped was developed. The methodology was used to develop quantitative measures of service quality. These measures were then used to determine the effect of size and type of organization on quality of service provided. This study developed three different measures of quality of service for special transportation for the elderly and handicapped. Two of the measures were indices of quality in which the index is composed of eight aspects weighted by their relative importance to quality. The aspects are: reliability; comfort; convenience; extent of service; vehicle access; safety; driver characteristics; and responsiveness or ease of dealing with the office. Each aspect is made up of attributes of service (e.g.: reliability includes attributes related to wait time and on-time performance). For the first index, the weights were developed from responses to a survey of a panel of experts. For the second index, the weights were developed from responses to a survey of elderly and handicapped people. The third measure used what the authors call production function or inout utilization analysis and was based on data from providers on the resources they use to produce the service. The three measures were applied to forty-two actual providers of special transportation in the Chicago region. Statistical analysis of the forty-two providers indicate that quality tends to increase as the size of the provider increases and that private providers (either for-profit or not-for-profit) tend to provide a higher quality of service than public providers. KW - Aged KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Coordination KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Quality of service KW - Social service agencies KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201474 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381548 AU - GOLENBERG, M AU - Howard, J A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: A SHORT RANGE TSM CORRIDOR PLANNING CASE STUDY PY - 1983/05 SP - 86 p. AB - This case study is one of a series of three case studies which illustrate approaches to specific types of subarea planning studies. This study for the Lisbon Street arterial corridor in Lewiston, Maine is an example of short range TSM corridor improvement planning in a low to moderate growth area. The approach used for this study was developed by applying the general principles contained in the principles and procedures Guide to a specific problem in a specific setting. This approach includes six basic steps, as presented in the chapters of this case study. KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Corridors KW - Maine KW - Public transit KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197897 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381546 AU - GOLENBERG, M AU - Howard, J A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: A MAJOR CAPITOL IMPROVEMENT SUBAREA PLANNING CASE STUDY PY - 1983/05 SP - 96 p. AB - This case study is one in a series of three case studies which illustrate approaches to specific types of subarea planning studies. This study of medium and long range highway planning in Hudson, Massachusetts illustrates plan development for localized transportation needs carried out within the context of on-going regional system planning. The approach used in this study was developed by applying the general principles outlined in the Principles and Procedures Guide to a specific problem in a specific setting. The approach includes six basic steps, described in this report. KW - Case studies KW - Highway transportation KW - Massachusetts KW - Public transit KW - Regional planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197895 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381298 AU - Gelb, P M AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - EFFECTS OF TAXI REGULATORY REVISION IN SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA PY - 1983/05 SP - 336 p. AB - Effective January 1979 the City of San Diego removed its previous ceiling on taxi licenses and began issuing 6 new taxi permits every month; in July, this limit was raised to 15. In August, the city replaced the standard rate of fare with a variable pricing policy under which taxi companies may file and charge individually-determined rates. An initial maximum rate was removed in October 1980. This Final Report evaluates the effects of these taxi regulatory revisions on local taxi service suppliers, taxi users, and taxi regulators. Evaluation issues included changes in the level and quality of taxi service, taxi user characteristics and awareness of service, taxi service productivity measures and the administrative efforts involved in implementation. Since the city's code changes affected taxi industry size and operations at San Diego International Airport and in San Diego County, special attention was also paid to interjurisdictional issues. KW - Administration KW - Deregulation KW - Fares KW - Implementation KW - Level of service KW - Permits KW - Pricing KW - Productivity KW - Quality of service KW - Regulations KW - Taxicab companies KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban areas KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User characteristics UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197704 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381039 AU - Pagano, A M AU - McKnight, C AU - Dichter-Figurera, M AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - QUALITY OF SERVICE IN SPECIAL TRANSPORTATION FOR THE ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. PY - 1983/05 SP - 10 p. AB - Special transportation for the elderly and handicapped is provided by a number of different types and sizes of organizations. Examples of different types of providers include private, non-profit social service agencies that primarily provide service for their own clients, transit authorities that operate a demand-responsive service to meet Federal requirements, and taxi companies that have purchase of service agreements with municipalities. This report describes the third year of a three-year study of the effect of the size and type of organization on the service provided. In the first year, economies of scale in special transport was investigated; in the second year, the effect of coordination on provision of special transportation was studied; and in the third and final year, a methodology to measure quality of service in the provision of transportation for the elderly and handicapped was developed. The methodology was used to develop quantitative measures of service quality. These measures were then used to determine the effect of size and type of organization on quality of service provided. This study developed three different measures of quality of service for special transportation for the elderly and handicapped. Two of the measures were indices of quality in which the index is composed of eight aspects weighted by their relative importance to quality. The aspects are: reliability; comfort; convenience; extent of service; vehicle access; safety; driver characteristics; and responsiveness or ease of dealing with the office. Each aspect is made up of attributes of service (e.g.: reliability includes attributes related to wait time and on-time performance). For the first index, the weights were developed from responses to a survey of a panel of experts. For the second index, the weights were developed from responses to a survey of elderly and handicapped people. The third measure used what the authors call production function or inout utilization analysis and was based on data from providers on the resources they use to produce the service. The three measures were applied to forty-two actual providers of special transportation in the Chicago region. Statistical analysis of the forty-two providers indicate that quality tends to increase as the size of the provider increases and that private providers (either for-profit or not-for-profit) tend to provide a higher quality of service than public providers. KW - Aged KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Coordination KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Quality of service KW - Social service agencies KW - Taxicabs KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197481 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381547 AU - GOLENBERG, M AU - Howard, J A AU - SG Associates, Incorporated AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SIMPLIFIED AIDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS: A SHORT RANGE TSM SUBAREA PLANNING CASE STUDY PY - 1983/05 SP - 83 p. AB - This case study is one in a series of three case studies which illustrate approaches for specific types of subarea planning studies. This study, for the downtown area of Lewiston, Maine, is an example of short range TSM highway circulation system and highway deficiency improvement planning for an activity center. The approach used for this study was developed by applying the general principles contained in the principles and procedures Guide to a specific problem in a specific setting. The approach is developed in six steps, which are described in this report. KW - Capital KW - Capital improvements KW - Case studies KW - Central business districts KW - Improvements KW - Maine KW - Small cities KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197896 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380796 AU - Little, G AU - ROBERTSON, M AU - Harbour, M AU - Flagg, L AU - ATE Management and Service Company, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DECATUR PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PY - 1983/05 SP - 250 p. AB - The Transit Development Program for the Decatur Public Transit System is a five-year transit service plan for the period, Fiscal Years 1983-1987. This five-year development plan, which includes capital and operating budgets reflective of planned service levels, will help to determine the extent of future expenses and resultant revenue needs. The study provides a series of operational alternatives available to the City of Decatur, Illinois to maximize the resources of the transit system in providing efficient and economical public transportation to the local community. KW - Budgeting KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Capital costs KW - Forecasting KW - Illinois KW - Medium sized cities KW - Operating costs KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Routing KW - Scheduling UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193590 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380189 AU - Soot, S AU - Stenson, H H AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT INFORMATION AND TRANSIT KNOWLEDGE: THE CHICAGO EXPERIENCE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/05 SP - 8 p. AB - This report addresses several questions regarding the manner in which information on transit systems is prepared, disseminated, and used by the public. Specifically, it includes an examination of the amount of information users and potential users have about transit systems and the subsequent ridership implications of this problem. This study focuses on the Chicago metropolitan area that is served by a dozen commuter rail lines operated by carriers whose fares and services are coordinated by the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority (RTA). This rail system was selected because the service provided has been extremely stable. The report is organized into four sections: 1) an examination of the role of information in determining ridership responses to service changes; 2) a survey to determine how much users of one transit district know about another district; 3) a study to evaluate the usefulness of information aids; and 4) a test of alternative transit map designs. The findings suggest that substantial improvement can be made in information dissemination. At the root of the problem is the lack of knowledge among urban residents about the basic geography of the metropolitan area. Progress here requires long-term public education remedies, perhaps starting in elementary school. Short-term solutions include greater emphasis on consumer-oriented information aids. The author notes that the most noteworthy finding is that transit users quickly respond to changes in transit service. This may have long-term negative consequences on the role of transit beyond a worktrip service. KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Commuter cars KW - Fares KW - Maps KW - Marketing KW - Passenger information systems KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193119 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380188 AU - Soot, S AU - Stenson, H H AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT INFORMATION AND TRANSIT KNOWLEDGE: THE CHICAGO EXPERIENCE. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/05 SP - 71 p. AB - This report addresses several questions regarding the manner in which information on transit systems is prepared, disseminated, and used by the public. Specifically, it includes an examination of the amount of information users and potential users have about transit systems and the subsequent ridership implications of this problem. This study focuses on the Chicago metropolitan area that is served by a dozen commuter rail lines operated by carriers whose fares and services are coordinated by the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority (RTA). This rail system was selected because the service provided has been extremely stable. The report is organized into four sections: 1) an examination of the role of information in determining ridership responses to service changes; 2) a survey to determine how much users of one transit district know about another district; 3) a study to evaluate the usefulness of information aids; and 4) a test of alternative transit map designs. The findings suggest that substantial improvement can be made in information dissemination. At the root of the problem is the lack of knowledge among urban residents about the basic geography of the metropolitan area. Progress here requires long-term public education remedies, perhaps starting in elementary school. Short-term solutions include greater emphasis on consumer-oriented information aids. The author notes that the most noteworthy finding is that transit users quickly respond to changes in transit service. This may have long-term negative consequences on the role of transit beyond a worktrip service. KW - Chicago (Illinois) KW - Commuter cars KW - Fares KW - Maps KW - Marketing KW - Passenger information systems KW - Publicity KW - Ridership KW - Socioeconomic factors KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193118 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380205 AU - Kwor, RYC AU - Larkin, M AU - Ajmera, P K AU - Notre Dame University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 13: MICROWAVE COUPLING TO ICE/METAL STRUCTURES PY - 1983/05 SP - 72 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program that is being implemented through a grant to the University of Notre Dame with the Vought Corporation as the principal contractor. Originally, the program was directed to solutions for automated guideway transit (AGT) system cold weather problems in support of the Downtown People Mover (DPM) program. However, the program has been redirected to focus on obtaining solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. The objective of the CWTT program is to develop new and more effective solutions for cold weather problems experienced by urban mass transportation systems. The report presents laboratory investigation results on the absorption of microwave energy by ice-rail bond interface for typical rail either in use or projected for use by urban mass transportation systems. This volume describes the research carried out to evaluate rail deicing techniques using microwave energy. The microwave deicing investigation was made to determine the limitations, advantages, disadvantages and material requirements for a prototype and an operational system. The investigation involves insitu and dynamic laboratory measurement of rail microwave energy absorption, temperature rise, ice absorption and microwave cavity requirements. The authors state that further experimental investigations into the development of microwave deicing should employ infrared and thermoptic technologies as means of temperature measurement. KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Cold weather KW - Deicing KW - Low temperature KW - Microwaves KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rapid transit KW - Third rail UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193131 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378953 AU - Pagano, A M AU - McKnight, C E AU - Robins, L AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECTS OF SIZE AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON COSTS AND QUALITY OF SERVICE IN PARATRANSIT. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/05 SP - 7 p. AB - Paratransit has become important as a method of providing transportation to special client groups, particularly the elderly and the handicapped. Most paratransit for these groups has been delivered by small, special service providers. This is a summary of three separate, but related studies of paratransit conducted over a three year period. The first year's study investigated whether economies of scale exist in paratransit. The second study developed case studies of special transportation agencies, while the third year's study developed a methodology and measured quality of service in the provision of special transportation. Each of these studies is summarized and a set of policy recommendations which result from all three studies presented. KW - Aged KW - Coordination KW - Economies of scale KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Quality of service KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192052 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378926 AU - Elizondo, Y J AU - Dulvall, R E AU - Notre Dame University AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 3. INVESTIGATION OF THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF RAIL PULL APARTS ON CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/05 SP - 163 p. AB - This report presents the results of an investigation of the high incidence of rail pull apart failures on continuous welded rail occurring on the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority's rapid transit system during the winter of 1981-1982. The investigation was accomplished as part of the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) program under a Federal grant from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) to the University of Notre Dame. The objective of the CWTT program is to improve transit operations in severe ice, snow, and cold environments. The rail pull apart investigation was made to determine the probable cause for the increased failure rate and to recommend corrective actions to prevent or reduce recurrence of the problem. The results were evaluated to confirm the conclusions reached during the second phase and to define process and/or operational limits required for corrective actions. KW - Broken rails KW - Cold weather KW - Continuous welded rail KW - Failure KW - Joints (Engineering) KW - Low temperature KW - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail failures KW - Rail welding KW - Welded joints KW - Welding KW - Welds UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192043 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377108 AU - Albach, W C AU - Koonce, B L AU - Randolph, D G AU - Vought Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COLD WEATHER TRANSIT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. VOLUME 2: TRANSIT SYSTEM SURVEY PY - 1983/05 SP - 29 p. AB - This report is one of a series of reports associated with the Cold Weather Transit Technology (CWTT) Program being implemented by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation through a grant to the University of Notre Dame with the Vought Corporation acting as the principal contractor. Initially, the CWTT program thrust was directed to solutions to automated guideway transit (AGT) system cold weather problems in support of the Downtown People Mover (DPM) program. The CWTT program has been redirected/extended and now focuses on obtaining solutions for cold weather problems of existing transit systems. The objective of the extended/redirected CWTT program is to provide near term solutions for problems of existing transit systems operating in cold weather. This report documents the findings of a survey made to determine the extent and nature of cold weather problems that affect mass transit systems. The survey included phone conversations, written communications, and visits to various organizations involved with design, research, operation, and maintenance of mass transit in cold weather environments. The results of the survey are presented in this report and cover the cold weather problems experienced by bus and rail transit systems. The report also provides a summary of the findings made and the resulting projects undertaken with the resources of the CWTT program. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Cold weather KW - Diesel engines KW - Icing KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Motors KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Safety KW - Snow KW - Surveys KW - Third rail KW - Traction KW - Traction drives KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190865 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377129 AU - Albright, R AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SELECTING A SINGLE-USER SYSTEM. VOLUME 2: SELECTED READINGS PY - 1983/05 SP - 144 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance to the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is one in a series of selected readings covering technical aspects of microcomputer equipment, software, data communications, and other topics. Each volume of selected readings focuses on a single aspect. The report responds to the people in the transportation-related industries and professions preparing to acquire a single-user microcomputer system and asking "What should I get?" The report recommends a general selection process which, if followed, will increase the likelihood of selecting a microcomputer system that meets the specific needs of the organization within its resource constraints. Each step in the process is described in detail and issues to be addressed by potential buyers are identified. In this report, the costs of complete configurations based on five single-user microcomputers (Apple II, Apple III, IBM Personal Computer, Osborne 1, and Radio Shack Model 12) are compared and computed. These were selected for illustrative purposes only, since there are many other comparable but perhaps less well known systems on the market. This report also provides a bibliography, a list of microcomputer periodicals, and a list of vendors. Another volume in this series is titled Volume 1: Getting Started in Microcomputers (PB 83-169904, TRIS 371526). KW - Individuals KW - Information processing KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Software KW - Traffic engineers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190883 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377019 AU - Hathaway, W T AU - Holleran, W J AU - Hills, S AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY TRAINING NEEDS OF RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM AND FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL PY - 1983/05 SP - 96 p. AB - This report presents a summary and the results of the successful workshop "On Track to Fire and Life Safety in Rail Rapid Transit," held on August 2-4, 1982, at Crystal City, Virginia. Sponsored by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and developed in conjuction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Fire Academy, the workshop represented the initial effort in a program to identify the fire and life safety training needs for rail rapid transit systems and metropolitan fire departments serving the systems. The audience included operational transit systems, systems currently under construction, and systems in the planning and design stage. Personnel from a total of 21 transit systems and 25 fire departments participated in the workshop. The primary objective of this 3-day workshop was to identify the fire and life safety training needs of the transit and fire service community. The workshop provided a forum for the cooperative information exchange on the fire and life safety concerns, and the needs and priorities of the transit and fire service community. The workshop participants worked to identify training needs in 4 areas, namely: prevention, detection, and notification; emergency evacuation; fire suppression and rescue; and emergency planning. Seven specific training needs are identified and recommendations for their implementation are discussed in this report. The appendices in this report provide a List of Workshop Attendees, Workshop Agenda, and Comments on Workshop Sessions. This workshop report also provides conclusions and recommendations regarding the fire and life safety training needs of the transit and fire service community. KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Fire fighting KW - Fire prevention KW - Fires KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190807 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377017 AU - Tewarson, A AU - Khan, M M AU - Steciak, J AU - Factory Mutual Research Corporation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMBUSTIBILITY OF ELECTRICAL WIRE AND CABLE FOR RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME I: FLAMMABILITY PY - 1983/05 SP - 120 p. AB - The objective of this study was to examine the flammability of wires and cables used in rapid rail transit systems. The overall goal of the study was to quantify the fire properties of wires and cables in a manner so that the relative fire hazards could be assessed under various fire scenarios expected in rapid rail systems. In this study, the following items were investigated: 1) a literature review of wire and cable fires; 2) selection of test method for combustibility evaluations of wires and cables; 3) testing of wires and cables; and 4) evaluation of ranking of wires and cables. Basically, this report is organized in three parts: an overall summary of the report; experimental details, results and discussion; and appendices providing detailed calculations for determining the different parameters used in the report. The combustibility of 31 wire and cable samples submitted by 12 manufacturers was evaluated using the Factory Mutual Small-Scale Combustibility Apparatus under simulated external radiation for large-scale fire conditions. Samples of wire and cable were ranked according to 7 parameters: ignition/surface flame spread; electrical failure; corrosivity of the fire products; generation of fuel vapors; generation of heat; generation of gaseous compounds; and light obscuration. The report states that the hazards expected in wire and cable fires depend not only on the generic nature of the insulation/jacket materials, but also on the additives, size, and construction of the wire and cable. An increase in the size of the wire and cable sample is expected to reduce the fire hazard with the degree of hazard reduction dependent on the generic nature of the insulation/jacket materials. KW - Cables KW - Combustion KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Insulating materials KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Testing KW - Toxicity KW - Wiring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190805 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377018 AU - Crane, C R AU - Sanders, D C AU - Endecott, B R AU - Abbott, J K AU - Civil Aeromedical Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMBUSTIBILITY OF ELECTRICAL WIRE AND CABLE FOR RAIL RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS. VOLUME II: TOXICITY PY - 1983/05 SP - 56 p. AB - The relative toxicities of the thermal decomposition products of six electrical wiring insulations were evaluated using animal incapacitation and lethality as measures of toxicity. One-gram insulation samples were thermally decomposed in a quartz combustion tube connected in-line with a 12.6-L exposure chamber by an air recirculation assembly to form a closed exposure system. Each material was decomposed under two thermal conditions, the time-to-incapacitation for the "worst case" condition (shortest time) was used to rank the materials in order of their relative potential toxicity. A rank order for the six materials is presented on the basis of potential toxicity for equal weights of insulation. Relative ranking, by toxicity for equal lengths of conductor, is presented also for materials supplied on conductors of equal gauge. KW - Cables KW - Combustion KW - Electric insulating materials KW - Fires KW - Flammability KW - Insulating materials KW - Rapid transit KW - Safety KW - Toxicity KW - Wiring UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190806 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386360 AU - Wallace, W AU - Gougis, L AU - Omega Group, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSIT SUBSIDY ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW PY - 1983/04 SP - 33 p. AB - As deficits have grown in recent years, transit systems have become increasingly dependent on local governments for funding. This dependence along with growing demands from other public services has placed strains on resources. The local funding of the deficit arising from transit services is often a particular problem in areas where the transit system provides service to more than one political jurisdiction. In these situations, local governments must determine the portion of the total deficit that each jurisdiction will pay. In some local areas, no attempt is made to match the subsidy a jurisdiction pays with the benefits it receives. Instead, the deficit is funded from regional taxes or general revenues and then allocated. This report describes the different approaches that have been used to address the subsidy allocation problem. The report is primarily descriptive because it is recognized that local funding decisions are political decisions and cannot be made solely on technical grounds. KW - Allocations KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Cost allocation KW - Deficits KW - Local government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56613/transitsubsidya8335omeg_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/200128 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377072 AU - REMINGTON, P J AU - Dixon, N R AU - Kurzweil, L G AU - MENGE, C W AU - STAHR, J D AU - WITTIG, L E AU - Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CONTROL OF WHEEL/RAIL NOISE AND VIBRATION PY - 1983/04 SP - 348 p. AB - An analytical model of the generation of wheel/rail noise has been developed and validated through an extensive series of field tests carried out at the Transportation Test Center using the State of the Art Car. A sensitivity analysis has been performed using the analytical model. That analysis showed that wheel/rail noise is relatively insensitive to changes in most system parameter values, except wheel and rail roughness, contact area and contact stiffness. The surface finish produced by most wheel truing and rail grinding machines has been measured. A belt grinder used by the Toronto Transit Commission for wheel truing and a rail grinding block car used by the Chicago Transit Authority to grind rails were found to produce the quietest surface finishes giving an estimated 12 dBA of noise reduction when compared with typical rapid transit wheels and rails in revenue service. A scale model of a new concept wheel employing a resilient tread has been built and tested. Noise reductions of up to 8 dBA were achieved with tread stresses in the manageable range. KW - Car wheels (Railroads) KW - Damping (Physics) KW - Force KW - Light rail vehicles KW - Noise KW - Noise control KW - Noise reduction KW - Rail (Railroads) KW - Rail grinding KW - Railroads KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resilient wheel KW - State of the Art Car (Rapid transit car) KW - Wheel truing KW - Wheels UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190852 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382282 AU - Patterson, A H AU - Ralston, P A AU - Pennsylvania State University, University Park AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FEAR OF CRIME AND FEAR OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AMONG THE ELDERLY PY - 1983/04 SP - 50 p. AB - This transportation study for the elderly highlights the important role that transportation plays in the life of the elderly and investigates the problem of fear-of-crime and other fears as a barrier to public transit use. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze problems regarding the elderly persons' use of public transit that often result in fear of transit and negative mind sets about public transportation. The specific objectives were to provide information about and solutions to the fear-of-crime problem and other fears of the elderly that relate to the use of public transportation. This project was performed in the summer of 1982 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is described along with the results and recommendations in this report. The study is an in-depth survey of a sample of elderly (62+ years of age) transit users residing in Philadelphia. The survey instrument is designed to uncover the nature of the elderly's fear of public transit and to identify and evaluate possible solutions to this problem. The study focuses upon fear-of-crime vis-a-vis the elderly population, and how that fear relates to various aspects of transportation such as the type, purpose, location and time of the trip, and the interaction of these factors with characteristics of the elderly user (age, sex, health, and income). This study of the elderly bus users in Philadelphia pointed to high levels of fear about crime on the streets, at the bus stops, and on the buses. Inadequate police protection and a lack of bus dependability were the two major problems identified in this study. KW - Aged KW - Bus stops KW - Crimes KW - Data collection KW - Police KW - Public transit KW - Reliability KW - Security KW - Surveys KW - Travel behavior KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198346 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381584 AU - Meacham, D G AU - Wood, W D AU - James, H S AU - Ohio Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VEHICLE CATALOG: DEVELOPED FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1983 UMTA (URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION) SECTION 16 (B) (2) PROGRAM PY - 1983/04 SP - 244 p. AB - This publication contains information which can be used by applicants for an UMTA Section 16(b) (2) Capital Assistance Grant to help in the selection of the vehicles and ancillary equipment needed for the agency's transportation program. The catalog includes guidance for the selection of the proper vehicle; a discussion on preventative maintenance; detailed information, with illustrations and example floor plans, for the types and sizes of vehicles available in the Ohio program; and a listing, with discussions, of all ancillary equipment available to be added to the selected vehicle. KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Catalogs KW - Cost estimating KW - Estimates KW - Guidelines KW - Ohio KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Small buses KW - Umta section 16 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197932 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381579 AU - Leashore, B R AU - Ross, J A AU - Braithwaite, R L AU - Howard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - UMTA (URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION ADMINISTRATION) SUMMER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP FOR FACULTY FROM MINORITY INSTITUTIONS (1982) PY - 1983/04 SP - 156 p. AB - The primary purpose of this faculty training project was to increase the participation of faculty from minority institutions in the research and development programs of the Institute for Urban Affairs and Research at Howard University. This six-week summer research development workshop provided training in three areas, namely--research planning and management, grantsmanship, and computer utilization. In addition to lectures, panel discussions, and a practicum that provided the opportunity for participants to utilize their knowledge and skills in developing proposals, the six-week workshop included visits to 3 transit systems: Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), Greater Richmond Transit Company, and the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority (SEPTA). Project staff and consultants provided technical assistance for a seven month period following the six-week workshop activities. KW - Education KW - Government funding KW - Information processing KW - Instructors KW - Minorities KW - Research projects KW - Training KW - Umta section 11 KW - Universities and colleges KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197927 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381028 AU - KROUK, S E AU - Morlok, E K AU - University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON DRIVER WAGE RATES IN URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT. VOLUME TWO PY - 1983/04 SP - 72 p. AB - As part of a study of the feasibility of providing transit service by private firms, driver wage patterns in the urban transit industry and other urban public passenger carrier industries were examined. The motivation of this study was the wage pattern observed in some other industries: that the wage rate for the same job often varied considerably with characteristics of the firm and its market. This research examined the impact of organizational and technological characteristics of urban passenger transportation firms on driver wage patterns. It was expected that wage rates would be greater in firms with organizational factors such as large size, monopoly position, subsidization, and unionization. Wage rates were also expected to increase with the size of and therefore, the skill required to operate vehicles. Linear models were developed to investigate the impact of these two types of factors on driver wage rates using data collected from different passenger carriers in the Philadelphia area. Regression results confirmed that the average driver wage rate in a firm did indeed increase with increasing vehicle size and also with firm size, which is used to measure the organizational factor. The results have significant implications for the cost and the feasibility of using minibuses and other small vehicles in the provision of urban transportation. It suggests that efficient use of any given transport technology requires matching with appropriate organizational features. KW - Bus drivers KW - Electromagnetic attraction KW - Electromagnetism KW - Employee compensation KW - Institutional issues KW - Minibuses KW - Operating costs KW - Private enterprise KW - Public transit KW - Regression analysis KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381031 AU - Foerster, J AU - Miller, F G AU - Kosinski, M AU - Rueda, A AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR BUS MAINTENANCE--CURRENT PRACTICES AND NEW METHODS. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/04 SP - 9 p. AB - Management of bus fleet maintenance requires systematic record keeping, management reporting, and work scheduling procedures. Tools for controlling and monitoring routine maintenance activities are in common use. These include defect and fluid consumption reports, work order systems, historical maintenance records, and performance and cost summaries. While these tools are necessary, they are not sufficient for effective maintenance management. Current management methods should be supplemented by strategic planning tools to improve maintenance performance and to control costs. The techniques having the greatest potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of maintenance are work methods analysis and standard job time and cost analysis. Failure history analysis and workload and budget forecasting procedures are also expected to improve strategic planning capabilities. These methods logically lead to the development of maintenance policy testing applications. Most of the data required to implement these methods are captured in current reporting processes, but special attention to maintaining accurate and accessible historical records is essential for use of these methods. This report summarizes current and potential uses of analytical methods in transit maintenance management. It provides an overview of current record keeping practices, identifies a number of newly emerging quantitative techniques, and outlines their potential role in improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of transit operations. The objectives of this report are to: 1) summarize current maintenance management procedures; 2) identify gaps between management needs and current decision making aids; 3) survey potentially beneficial analytical tools; 4) assess the data requirements and potential benefits of new approaches to maintenance management. One of the major findings of this report is that maintenance management tools for controlling and monitoring routine daily activities are fairly well developed and have been widely adopted. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Failure analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197475 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381032 AU - Foerster, J AU - Miller, F G AU - Kosinski, M AU - Rueda, A AU - University of Illinois, Chicago AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR BUS MAINTENANCE--CURRENT PRACTICES AND NEW METHODS PY - 1983/04 SP - n.p. AB - The management of bus fleet maintenance requires systematic record keeping, management reporting, and work scheduling procedures. Tools for controlling and monitoring maintenance activities are in common use. These include defect and fluid consumption reports, work order systems, historical maintenance records, and performance and cost summaries. While these tools are necessary, they are not sufficient for effective maintenance management. Current management methods should be supplemented by strategic planning tools to improve maintenance performance and to control costs. The techniques having the greatest potential for improving the cost-effectiveness of maintenance are work methods analysis and standard job time and cost analysis. Failure history analysis and workload and budget forecasting procedures are also expected to improve strategic planning capabilities. These methods logically lead to the development of maintenance policy testing applications. Most of the data required to implement these methods are captured in current reporting processes, but special attention to maintaining accurate and accessible historical records is essential for use of these methods. This report summarizes current and potential uses of analytical methods in transit maintenance management. It provides an overview of current record keeping practices, identifies a number of newly emerging quantitative techniques, and outlines their potential role in improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of transit operations. The objectives of this report are to: 1) summarize current maintenance management procedures; 2) identify gaps between management needs and current decision-making aids; 3) survey potentially beneficial analytical tools; and 4) assess the data requirements and potential benefits of new approaches to maintenance management. One of the major findings of this report is that maintenance management tools for controlling and monitoring daily activities are fairly well developed and have been widely adopted. KW - Bus maintenance KW - Buses KW - Failure analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Maintenance practices KW - Management KW - Management information systems KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Scheduling KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201473 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381552 AU - Markowitz, F AU - Kaplan, J AU - Landberg, D AU - Ruth and Going, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - California Department of Transportation TI - DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARD TRANSIT PROFILES PY - 1983/04 SP - 112 p. AB - The California Department of Transportation project developed a single accessible transit data base which can be updated annually. This pilot data base includes a comprehensive printed listing of 287 public transit and paratransit operators including address, contact person, and ridership information. For 169 largest operators (those with an annual ridership over 25,000), other information is provided on General System and Service Area characteristics, Fleet Operations, Financial Data and Vehicle Needs, Employee Data, and Performance Statistics. These "profiles" can be used by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for statewide transit planning, for technical assistance, and in special programs such as pooled vehicle purchases. Other transportation planning agencies may find the data base useful in assessing regional needs and monitoring regional performance trends. The operators themselves, particularly the smaller ones, will be able to compare their own financial and operating performance with that of similar operators. KW - California KW - Fleet management KW - Fleet planning KW - Paratransit services KW - Peer groups KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Planning KW - Productivity KW - Public transit KW - Ridership KW - Statistics KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197901 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378904 AU - Leashore, B R AU - Ross, J A AU - Braithwaite, R J AU - Howard University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - 1982 SUMMER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP FOR FACULTY FROM MINORITY INSTITUTIONS PY - 1983/04 SP - 153 p. AB - The primary purpose of this faculty training project was to increase the participation of faculty from minority institutions in the research and development programs of the Institute for Urban Affairs and Research at Howard University. This six week summer research development workshop provided training in three areas, namely--research planning and management, grantsmanship, and computer utilization. In addition to lectures, panel discussions, and a practicum that provided the opportunity for participants to utilize their knowledge and skills in developing proposals, the six-week workshop included visits to 3 transit systems: Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), Greater Richmond Transit Company, and the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority (SEPTA). Project staff and consultants provided technical assistance for a seven month period following the six-week workshop activities. Fifteen faculty members from 13 minority colleges and universities were selected for the workshop by an advisory committee. At the close of the workshop, all participants had drafted proposals that were reviewed by a mock panel of Department of Transportation (DOT) officials. Participants also organized for further support and networking. A formal organization was established--Minority Transportation Educators and Researchers. It was through this organization that 14 of the 15 participants received funds from UMTA/DOT to attend the 1983 Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board in January 1983. KW - Development KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Minorities KW - Research KW - Research and development KW - Teachers KW - Training KW - Transportation Research Board KW - U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration KW - Universities and colleges KW - Workshops UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192024 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377030 AU - Public Transit Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - CITY OF PHOENIX REPORT ON PHASE-IN OF ACCESSIBLE BUS SERVICE PY - 1983/04 SP - 28 p. AB - This report describes decisions made and actions taken by the City of Phoenix Public Transit Administration and Phoenix Transit System in planning and implementing accessible fixed-route service using the UMTA publication, Planning for the Phase-In of Fixed-Route Accessible Buses. There is guidance in the areas of citizen participation, vehicle procurement, facility modification, service planning, operations, maintenance, training, marketing, and monitoring and evaluation. The sequence of the manual was found useful, providing a logical and interdependent flow for the phases of the process. It was concluded that the UMTA publication can be a valuable source of information to transit properties in implementing new or added accessible bus services. KW - Accessibility KW - Aged KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Evaluation KW - Handbooks KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Phoenix (Arizona) KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190817 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376227 AU - Phillips, R O AU - Wilson Hill Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE AUTOMATED INFORMATION DIRECTORY SYSTEM (AIDS) AT THE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY (WMATA) PY - 1983/04 SP - 108 p. AB - This report documents a series of data collection efforts carried out by Wilson Hill Associates, Inc., in support of UMTA's Impact Assessment Program. The focus of these efforts was the Automated Transit Information System (ATIS) deployment in the Telephone Information Section of the Office of Marketing at the Washington, DC, Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA). This system, known as the Automated Information Directory System (AIDS), was implemented in the interest of making WMATA's telephone marketing services more efficient through automation of data retrieval functions traditionally performed manually by telephone information operators, or agents. Key parameters in this assessment were measures of information agent productivity, system response accuracy, agent job satisfaction and economic benefits of reduced agent training periods, centralized data base updating, and use of system data bases by other transit system departments. Data collected both before and after the AIDS implementation failed to disclose a significant productivity improvement in terms of percent of total incoming calls answered, although this may be a spurious result attributable to uncontrolled factors at the time the data was collected. Further testing indicated that AIDS can substantially improve individual operator performance and the reliability of information provided. Furthermore, the computerized AIDS data base is a valuable resource which can be used by WMATA for revenue forecasting, bus stop information displays, and better matching of service and demand. The geographic portion of the data base is also suitable for other metropolitan uses. KW - Accuracy KW - Analysis KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Databases KW - Information processing KW - Marketing KW - Passenger information systems KW - Productivity KW - Telephone KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190302 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376216 AU - Aronis, P T AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Transportation Systems Center TI - ASSESSMENT OF A NEW TYPE OF COIN ACCEPTOR PY - 1983/04 SP - 43 p. AB - An assessment of the Mars Money Systems Model CD 540-1 coin acceptor associated with farecard vendors was conducted at the Port Authority Transit Corp. as part of an appraisal of automatic fare collection (AFC) equipment. The Mars acceptor consistently ouperforms other coin acceptors in the farecard vendor system with mean transactions per failure better by a factor of 10. Since preventive maintenance requirements are no greater than those for other coin acceptors, the unit gives PATCO a means for lowering operating costs while improving service for passengers. KW - Automatic fare collection KW - Operating costs KW - Performance evaluations KW - Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation KW - Preventive maintenance KW - Reliability KW - Ticket vending machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190296 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381012 AU - Chicago Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - COMPUTERIZED/RUN CUTTING--PHASE III. FINAL REPORT FOR PROJECT PY - 1983/03/15 SP - 9 p. AB - This project, third phase of CTA's quest to use computerized run cutting routinely, involves six areas--user training, additional implementation, software support, software enhancements, production system support, and consideration of other systems. In user training, schedule-makers were introduced to fundamentals of computerized run cutting. During 1981-1982, 18 run cuts done by computer were successfully put on the street. Software support was given by Sage Consultants in fine-tuning the software and a revised user's manual was produced. Three software enhancements adopted were automatic plot of left-over pieces, automatic save of run cut after each step and display of information about the relief point on the screen. Production system documentation was drawn up, including information about Computerized Run Cutting System (CRCS) from a technical standpoint, giving CTA data processing forces an overview of the process. One other use of computer software--the minischeduler--was considered but a decision was deferred. KW - Bus routes KW - Chicago Transit Authority KW - Cruising flight KW - Cruising speed KW - Information processing KW - Management KW - Run cutting KW - Scheduling KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197462 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471521 AU - Vollmer Associates LLP AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - MINUTEMAN AREA TRANSIT STUDY. PHASE IA REPORT. PROJECT PD-036 PY - 1983/03/01 SP - 55 p. AB - The Minuteman Area Transit study (MATS) was initiated in July, 1976 to identify potential mass transit improvements in the communities of Lexington, Burlington, Bedford, Lincoln, Concord and Maynard. After the completion of both the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the Phase I report, several questions for these areas remained unresolved. Phase IA was initiated to examine these questions. The lack of funding for continuing to study this Minuteman Area led to this Phase IA report consisting of documentation of future transit improvements through a region-wide Park-Ride Improvements Program and a corridor-wide bus study as opposed to focusing on the Minuteman Area. KW - Bus transportation KW - Improvements KW - Level of service KW - Park and ride KW - Public transit KW - Regional transportation KW - Transit services KW - Transportation corridors KW - Transportation planning UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/280771 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 01595701 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) Program Review Summary Report PY - 1983/03 SP - 76p AB - The Advanced Group Rapid Transit (AGRT) program is developing the basic technologies of a system that would accommodate the peak-hour passenger demands of medium-density urban areas yet provide dispersed origin-to-destination service without transfers. It is not intended to develop a complete deployable system. More effort would be required before this could occur. This program review addresses the AGRT program and technology currently under development. The major objectives of the review were to define the present status of the program and to clarify the expected results. This was accomplished by compiling and analyzing available information about the AGRT development program and determining (1) the status of the AGRT program, (2) the technical and economic feasibility of the AGRT systems as presently defined, (3) the potential for applying AGRT-developed technology to other transit systems, and (4) the potential for applying magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) and propulsion technology to Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) and AGRT systems. KW - Advanced Group Rapid Transit Program (UMTA) KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Development KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Magnetic levitation KW - Medium sized cities KW - Rapid transit KW - Technology UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56500/56569/summaryreportona00offi_2.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/1397506 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386991 AU - CANFIELD, A AU - Lim, W-Y AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - SYSTAN'S MACRO-ANALYTIC REGIONWIDE TRANSPORTATION MODE: USER'S GUIDE PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - Systan's Macro-Analytic Regionwide Transportation (SMART) model is a sketch planning tool for evaluating public transportation alternatives for metropolitan areas. The model and its documentation were developed as part of the Paratransit Integration Program sponsored by the Office of Bus and Paratransit Technology and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration and by the Office of Technology and Planning Assistance of the Office of the Secretary of Transportation. The Paratransit Integration Program is concerned with the development and application of macro-analytic techniques for policy and preliminary planning at the local level. This User's Guide focuses on the preparation and formatting of data for use in the model. Examples are presented, and error messages are explained. The document builds on material in the Applications Manual and is required to run the SMART computer program. KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Mobility KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Residential areas KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201581 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386990 AU - Fratessa, C AU - Lim, W-Y AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - SYSTAN'S MACRO-ANALYTIC REGIONWIDE TRANSPORTATION MODEL: APPLICATION MANUAL PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - Systan's Macro-Analytic Regionwide Transportation (SMART) model is a sketch planning tool for evaluating public transportation alternatives for metropolitan areas. The model and its documentation were developed as part of the Paratransit Integration Program sponsored by the Office of Bus and Paratransit Technology and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration and by the Office of Technology and Planning Assistance of the Office of the Secretary of Transportation. The Paratransit Integration Program is concerned with the development and application of macro-analytic techniques for policy and preliminary planning at the local level. This Application Manual describes the use of the model to formulate, evaluate, and compare public transit options for urban regions. It discusses the structure of the model and the purpose of each major component. It also includes detailed application information for four case studies. The document is designed for use by transit planners who must assess the suitability of the model and, if appropriate, use it to investigate urban transportation alternatives. KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Mobility KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Residential areas KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201580 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373780 AU - Teal, R F AU - ROONEY, S B AU - MORTAZAVI, K AU - Goodhue, R E AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TAXI-BASED SPECIAL TRANSIT SERVICES PY - 1983/03 SP - 112 p. AB - This report examines the use of taxi companies as providers of special transit services for the elderly and handicapped. Taxi-based special transit service has become the predominant means of restricted ridership demand responsive transit in California, with approximately 50 such systems now in operation. Based on California's experiences with taxi-based special transit, this study presents case reviews of special transit implementation and operation, analyzes the issues associated with the development of such services, and evaluates their performance. The primary issues of interest are the reason for the widespread use of taxi forms, service organization choices, the impacts of special transit provision on taxi forms, and the effects of taxi company internal organization on special transit participation. The performance of different types of special transit services is analyzed, and the key determinants of system performance are identified. In addition, special transit performance is compared to that of general DRT. The performance and cost implications of loosening ridership restrictions are also evaluated. KW - Aged KW - California KW - Demand responsive transportation KW - Operating costs KW - Performance KW - Performance indicators KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Private enterprise KW - Ridership KW - Subsidies KW - Taxicabs UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189943 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00386989 AU - CANFIELD, A AU - Lim, W-Y AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - SYSTAN'S MACRO-ANALYTIC REGIONWIDE TRANSPORTATION MODEL: PROGRAM MAINTENANCE MANUAL PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - Systan's Macro-Analytic Regionwide Transportation (SMART) model is a sketch planning tool for evaluating public transportation alternatives for metropolitan areas. The model and its documentation were developed as part of the Paratransit Integration Program sponsored by the Office of Bus and Paratransit Technology and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration and by the Office of Technology and Planning Assistance of the Office of the Secretary of Transportation. The Paratransit Integration Program is concerned with the development and application of macro-analytic techniques for policy and preliminary planning at the local level. This Program Maintenance Manual describes the internal structure of the computer program, including module structure and linkage and data structures. It includes material on installation and on potential model alterations. Written for the skilled FORTRAN programmer, each installation of the SMART model computer program should have at least one copy of this manual. KW - Aged KW - Central business districts KW - Computer programs KW - Corridors KW - Mobility KW - Modal split KW - Origin and destination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Public transit KW - Residential areas KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Transportation planning KW - Travel patterns KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201579 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471464 AU - Harris County, Texas AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUPPLEMENTAL DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. HOUSTON RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) is proposing to build an 18.2 mile Rail Rapid Transit project for the county's most congested transportation corridor. This project would run from Crosstimbers Street in northern Harris County through downtown Houston and then to West Belt in far west Harris County. The proposed project is an extension of a 13.1 mile Southwest/Westpark rail rapid transit line proposed by METRO in 1980 following a study of major transit options (Southwest/Westpark Alternative Analysis Draft Environmental Impact Statement, September, 1980). This Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement documents the impacts of four transit alternatives in the expanded 18.2 mile Stage One Corridor. The alternatives considered include No Action, Base Bus, Busway, and Rail Rapid Transit. The No Action and Base Bus alternatives were found to be inadequate to meet the travel demand in this corridor. Further detailed analysis focused on the Busway and Rail Rapid Transit alternative. Based on the analysis contained in this EIS the Rail Rapid Transit alternative has been designated the proposed action. KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Line extensions (Rail transit) KW - Rapid transit KW - Texas KW - Transportation corridors UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281763 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00458631 AU - Department of Transportation AU - Harris County, Texas TI - SUPPLEMENTAL DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. HOUSTON RAIL RAPID TRANSIT PROJECT PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) is proposing to build an 18.2 mile Rail Rapid Transit project for the county's most congested transportation corridor. This project would run from Crosstimbers Street in northern Harris County through downtown Houston and then to West Belt in far west Harris County. The proposed project is an extension of a 13.1 mile Southwest/Westpark rail rapid transit line proposed by METRO in 1980 following a study of major transit options (Southwest/Westpark Alternatives Analysis Draft Environmental Impact Statement, September, 1980). This Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement documents the impacts of four transit alternatives in the expanded 18.2 mile Stage One Corridor. The alternatives considered include No Action, Base Bus, Busway, and Rail Rapid Transit. The No Action and Base Bus alternatives were found to be inadequate to meet the travel demand in this corridor. Further detailed analysis focused on the Busway and Rail Rapid Transit alternative. Based on the analysis contained in this EIS the Rail Rapid Transit alternative has been designated the proposed action. KW - Aesthetics KW - Air pollution KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Busways KW - Environmental impact statements KW - Houston (Texas) KW - Rapid transit KW - Sound level KW - Traffic congestion KW - Vibration KW - Visual intrusions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275616 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387972 AU - Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Incorporated AU - Florida Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - PHASE 1 METHANOL ENGINE CONVERSION FEASIBILITY STUDY PY - 1983/03 SP - v.p. AB - This report documents the selection of the surface-assisted ignition technique to convert two-stroke Diesel-cycle engines to methanol fuel. This study was the first phase of the Florida Department of Transportation methanol bus engine development project. It determined both the feasibility and technical approach for converting Diesel-cycle engines to methanol fuel. State-of-the-art conversion options, associated fuel formulations, and anticipated performance were identified. Economic considerations and technical limitations were examined. The surface-assisted conversion was determined to be feasible and was recommended for hardware development in Phase 2. It this five-phase program is successful, it will determine technical design specifications, component conversion kit requirements, detailed fleet conversion plans for subsequent use by transit bus operations and state/local authorities to convert diesel bus fleets to methanol fuel. KW - Alternate fuels KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Diesel engines KW - Diesel fuels KW - Methanol KW - Retrofitting KW - Specifications KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/208728 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381562 AU - Diewald, W J AU - Frost, W H AU - Bamberg, W AU - Lea (N. D.) and Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ASSESSMENT OF TRANSIT PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEMS PY - 1983/03 SP - 173 p. AB - This report presents the results of an examination of transit passenger information system (TIS) with particular emphasis on the technology and operations necessary for delivering information to transit passengers over the telephone. The study examined the telephone information systems at three transit authorities, representing three categories of TIS: (1) simple, labor-intensive manual telephone system (Nashville-Davidson County Metropolitan Transit Authority); (2) computer-assisted manual system (Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority); and (3) automated system (Hamburg, Germany). Each of these systems is designed to provide transit users with answers to their inquiries. A description of how each of these systems work is presented together with information on system performance and system costs. In addition, descriptions of automated transit passenger information system installations in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada and Columbus, Ohio and of a computerized data storage and retrieval system in Minneapolis-St. Paul are presented. Other current developments in passenger and related information systems are reviewed. KW - Analysis KW - Automation KW - Cost analysis KW - Costs KW - Information processing KW - Information retrieval KW - Labor costs KW - Labor intensive KW - Passenger information systems KW - Productivity KW - Telephone KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197911 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381033 AU - Davis, E L AU - Atlanta University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AN EVALUATION OF ENERGY EMERGENCY CONTINGENCY PLANNING PY - 1983/03 SP - 81 p. AB - The objective of this research is to evaluate the transportation sector's energy preparedness planning for oil supply disruptions. The study focuses on transit, particularly the urban mass transit industry, and the impact that contingency measures have on the delivery of its services to the public. The investigation is based on a study of contingency plans assembled from transit authorities, Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPOs), and cities; a review of contingency planning efforts at the local, state, and Federal levels; a review of the expanding body of literature on transportation energy contingency planning; and site visits to several transit properties and local MPOs. It relies heavily upon existing reports and studies, with no attempt to develop new methodologies or assessment techniques. Thus, this study represents a status report on emergency energy contingency planning. This report provides a general background of the United States energy situation, a survey of contingency planning literature, a discussion of contingency planning in general, and case studies of the efforts of transit authorities to meet increased demand for services and to maintain mobility during an energy emergency. It provides a critical review of energy contingency planning, particularly as it relates to the transit industry. It is also a resource document for those transit properties and planning personnel who are in the process of completing or revising contingency plans. KW - Contingency planning KW - Disasters and emergency operations KW - Emergency procedures KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Metropolitan planning organizations KW - Public transit KW - Transit operating agencies KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197476 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00380195 AU - Hollinden, A AU - California Department of Public Works AU - University of California, Irvine AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SB 283 (1975) INNOVATIVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM: SYNOPSES OF PROJECT EVALUATIONS PY - 1983/03 SP - 135 p. AB - This report presents synopses of project evaluations for 44 public transportation demonstration projects sponsored by the California Department of Transportation between 1977 and 1981. A few examples of the types of projects funded are demonstrations of the "brokering" concept for social service agencies, providing transportation for the E&H, demonstrating organized "hitchhiking", development of transit marketing programs, development of driver training courses, development of an introduction to transit for school children, development of a bus-ferry transfer system, and demonstrating an automatic passenger counter program. KW - Brokerage KW - Bus drivers KW - California KW - Coordination KW - Demonstration projects KW - Hitchhiking KW - Integrated transportation systems KW - Marketing KW - Passenger counting KW - Public transit KW - State government KW - Training KW - Transfers UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193125 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378913 AU - Transportation Systems Center AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPACTS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THIRD-PARTY VANPOOLING: A SYNTHESIS AND COMPARISON OF FINDINGS FROM FOUR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS PY - 1983/03 SP - 41 p. AB - This report presents findings from four Federally-sponsored experiments designed to test the concept of third-party vanpooling. Under this vanpool provider mechanism, some entity other than the employer or individual is responsible for promoting and organizing vanpools. The four projects, implemented in Knoxville, Tennessee; Norfolk, Virginia; San Francisco, California; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, experimented with a variety of organizational, operational, and financial approaches. Accordingly, the comparative findings regarding implementation issues, vanpool level of service characteristics, traveler response and vanpool economics, are widely applicable to other locales. Third-party vanpooling appears both workable and effective in a range of settings and markets. There appears to be a sizable market of commuters for whom vanpooling is a viable and attractive mode. KW - Commuting KW - Coordination KW - Economic analysis KW - Level of service KW - Private enterprise KW - Vanpools KW - Work trips UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192031 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378903 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: SOFTWARE AND SOURCEBOOK, MARCH 1983 PY - 1983/03 SP - 117 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two agencies maintain up-to-data microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document contains information pertaining to: 1) microcomputer references and training and; 2) descriptions of software in the areas of transit operations, transportation planning, traffic engineering, and paratransit planning and operations. KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programs KW - Microcomputers KW - Operations KW - Operations planning KW - Planning KW - Software KW - Training UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/192023 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377828 AU - Francis, G A AU - Nelson, S R AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FUEL ECONOMY TESTING OF SIX 40-FOOT TRANSIT BUSES PY - 1983/03 SP - 70 p. AB - This report documents proving ground fuel economy tests of six transit buses from six manufacturers which were obtained directly from revenue service at six transit authorities. The buses were subjected to tests based on the Advanced Bus Design (ADB) Cycle and SAE J1321 Type II test procedure. The results relate the performance of buses from the six current manufacturers supplying the U.S. transit industry to each other. Drive line configurations, seating capacities, accumulated mileages varied from bus to bus and are documented in the report. These tests were conducted under contract to UMTA at the Transportation Research Center of Ohio, Battelle Columbus planned, managed, and participated in conducting the tests with excellent cooperation and support from the transit industry. KW - Advanced design buses KW - Alternatives analysis KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Computer programs KW - Duty cycles KW - Fuel consumption KW - New look bus KW - New products KW - Ohio Test Center KW - Performance evaluations KW - Test procedures KW - Tests KW - Validation KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191224 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373813 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING METHODS PY - 1983/03 SP - 44 p. AB - This sourcebook is intended as a reference for the use of transportation planners in determining what publications, training courses, etc., are available from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) or the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation to help solve analysis problems related to urban transportation. This report is an updated and expanded version of an earlier publication and plans are to review and redistribute it annually. Each reference cited includes a description of the material and specifically how to obtain it. This sourcebook provides information in the following subject areas: UMTA/FHWA Training Courses; UTPS, PLANPAC and Microcomputer Programs; Transportation Planning -- General; Data Collection & Inventories; Trip Generation and Distribution/Modal Split; Trip Assignment; General Demand Estimation; System Evaluation; Environmental Impact; Land Use; Other Planning Techniques; Impacts of Rail Rapid Transit; Transportation for Elderly & Handicapped Persons; Transit Operations Management; Transportation System Management (TSM) Planning; and Energy. KW - Aged KW - Bibliographies KW - Computer programs KW - Environmental impacts KW - Land use KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Planning KW - Rapid transit KW - Training KW - Transportation planning KW - Transportation system management KW - Travel demand KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189973 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373778 AU - Abkowitz, M AU - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE TRANSIT SERVICE RELIABILITY PROBLEM AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE AUGUST 1982 TRANSIT RELIABILITY WORKSHOP PY - 1983/03 SP - 52 p. AB - This report contains proceedings of a workshop on transit service reliability which was sponsored by the UMTA Service and Management Demonstration Program. The purpose of the workshop was to establish a forum for sharing recent experience and research in transit reliability, and providing guidance for future program initiatives. The workshop sessions focused on three major areas which impact transit service reliabilty: 1) route conditions, 2) maintenance activities and 3) human relations. Despite the varied perspective among workshop attendees, there was a general concensus that transit reliability is a serious and complex problem, is not attributable to a specific area of transit operations and requires cooperative and systematic approaches to control the problem. It was also noted that any solutions to this problem are constrained by factors inherent to the concept of transit and exogenous influences on the system. The following recommendations were made for consideration in the development of future UMTA programs that are responsive to the transit reliability problem: 1) increased priority on developing methods with immediate effects and which address fundamental problems, 2) improved forum of information dissemination and exchange, 3) additional field testing and evaluation of promising reliability control strategies, 4) continued support for training, 5) improved in-residence technical capability, 6) continued testing and evaluation of hardware and software for dependability and 7) additional research directed at enhancing our understanding of the reliability problem and potential solutions. KW - Absenteeism KW - Bus drivers KW - Bus maintenance KW - Bus services KW - Bus stops KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Dispatching KW - Operating strategies KW - Productivity KW - Reliability KW - Routing KW - Scheduling KW - Traffic congestion KW - Training KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56600/56611/transitservicer0600unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189941 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373767 AU - Englisher, L S AU - Wexler, A L AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ACCESSIBLE BUS SERVICE IN PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA PY - 1983/03 SP - 264 p. AB - The Palm Beach County Transportation Authority introduced accessible fixed-route service on its countywide CoTran bus service in May 1980. CoTran provided 100% (full-fleet) accessible service, using 23 retrofitted buses and 40 new buses, all equipped with front-door lifts manufactured by Transportation, Design and Technology. An UMTA Service and Management Demonstration grant funded purchase and installation of retrofit equipment, marketing, driver training and data collection for evaluation purposes. The Transportation Systems Center was responsible for this evaluation study, conducted by its evaluation contractor, Multisystems. This report covers the accessible service project implementation and operation through July 1981. Data was supplied by CoTran, including surveys of lift users and non-users conducted about one year after implementation. Among the key conclusions of the evaluation are that in areas where service frequencies are low, routes are widely spaced and there are curb barriers to wheelchair travel, lift ridership will be minimal. Despite the fact that Palm Beach County appeared at first to offer ideal conditions for a demonstration project of this type, characteristics of the area and the transit system combined with the lack of a close working relationship between the transit operator and the disabled community, made for a small lift ridership comprised primarily of individuals without other alternatives. Nevertheless, the project was successfully implemented and the lift was able to be used by those in standard size wheelchairs. The marketing programs were effective in at least informing the disabled public of the availability of service. Drivers and other riders reacted favorably for the most part, and there was no disruption of regular bus service. While operating costs were lower than in several other similar projects, the cost per trip was still quite high, $56 per trip excluding capital costs. KW - Accessibility KW - Aerodynamic lift KW - Aged KW - Bus maintenance KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Buses KW - Fixed routes KW - Lifts KW - Operating costs KW - Palm Beach (Florida) KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Reliability KW - Ridership KW - Vehicle maintenance UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189933 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373777 AU - Newman, D A AU - Bebendorf, M AU - SYSTAN, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - INTEGRATING BICYCLES AND TRANSIT IN SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA PY - 1983/03 SP - 148 p. AB - The integration of bicycles and transit in Santa Barbara, California, was designed as an innovative demonstration project, to increase local transit ridership. The Santa Barbara Metropolitan Transit District (SBMTD) installed bicycle racks and lockers at selected bus stops and attached bicycle trailers to fixed-route minibuses. The demonstration services operated for 18 months and the SBMTD continued these services intact the following year. This report evaluates the Santa Barbara Demonstration Project. It examines the impacts of integrating bicycles and transit services on equipment design, selection of routes and bicycle storage sites, implementation, marketing, travel time, equipment reliability, safety and security, weekday vs weekend, seasonal, and bicycle-trailer vs. system ridership, user and trip characteristics, user attitudes, fleet characteristics, and capital and operating expenses. A final section examines the integration of bicycle and transit services in other applications. KW - Bicycles KW - Bus design KW - Buses KW - Marketing KW - Minibuses KW - Paratransit services KW - Park and ride KW - Santa Barbara (California) KW - Security KW - Trailers KW - Travel demand KW - Vehicle design UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189940 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373768 AU - Fleishman, D AU - Multisystems, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - THE POINT-TO-POINT CLUB: AN ELDERLY AND HANDICAPPED SERVICE BASED IN ARDMORE, PENNSYLVANIA PY - 1983/03 SP - 32 p. AB - This report presents a preliminary assessment of the Point-to-Point Club, a division of a non-profit human services agency (Resources for Human Development), that provides door-through-door driver/escort service to elderly and handicapped (E&H) individuals within a four-county area in the Philadelphia region, namely: Montgomery, Delaware, Chester, and Philadelphia counties. The report discusses the site characteristics of the service area, the history of the Club, the nature of demand for service, and conclusions regarding transferability of the Club's operational approach. Using part-time driver/escorts (who use their own autos) the Club serves members for a fare of $8 per hour, plus $0.20 per mile for deadheading time. The 280 members each pay a $10 annual membership fee. Approximately 30 percent of the membership uses the service regularly, although (until June 1982) 6 members accounted for nearly half of the roughly 400 rides per month. At a monthly cost of $4,000, the Club's service has been operating at a cost of about $10 per trip. The costs not recovered through fares are covered by a combination of membership fees and private donations. The Point-to-Point Club has been in operation since October 1980. Its founder and current director virtually served all administrative and operational functions for the first year. The authors state that the key to successful implementation and operation of this type of grass roots or community transportation service lies in the existence of a strong project initiator/manager and appropriate institutional settings. KW - Aged KW - Cooperatives KW - Drivers KW - Escort service KW - Fares KW - Operating costs KW - Paratransit services KW - Part time employees KW - Persons with disabilities UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189934 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462003 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION PROGRAM AND SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK VALIDATION THROUGH FIELD TESTING. PART II OF IV: COMPUTER SIMULATION PROGRAMS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/02 AB - This technical report is Part II of IV of a project to validate by field tests specific portions of the Subway Environmental Simulation (SES) Computer Program and the Subway Environmental Design Handbook (SEDH) as they relate to underplatform exhaust systems; train-borne, naturally-convected resistor grid banks; stratification of air in high domed-roof subway stations; gravity-type, station dome relief vents; and the heat sink effect in stations. This report covers the description of the computer simulation programs being utilized; sources of program input data including data from previous field testing; typical computer input and output data; and specific comparisons of field-measured and computer-simulated data relative to train car resistor grid temperatures and station platform ambient air temperatures. General correlation was found between the measured and simulated resistor grid temperatures with the measured temperatures ranging to 20% below the simulated temperatures for current operating conditions. For 1990 conditions (higher train speeds, shorter station dwell times), the maximum difference reduced to about 15%. Less than a degree difference was found at one station between average field-measured and computer-simulated platform air temperatures. At a second station, the difference was five degrees with the measured temperature being the higher. Recomendations will be included in the final report. KW - Air temperatures KW - Computer programs KW - Emission control systems KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Exhaust gases KW - Field tests KW - Handbooks KW - Heat sinks KW - Information organization KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resistor grids KW - Resistors KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Temperature measurement KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/275655 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462005 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION PROGRAM AND SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK VALIDATION THROUGH FIELD TESTING. PART IV OF IV: FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/02 SP - 41 p. AB - This technical report is Part IV of IV of a project to validate by field tests specific portions of the Subway Environmental Simulation (SES) Computer Program and the Subway Environmental Design Handbook (SEDH). No changes to the SEDH or SES computer program are recommended as a result of the testing programs covered by this project. It was found that, in general, the high-domed, blunt-ended WMATA stations were sufficiently different from the station configurations used in developing the SEDH and SES computer program that field data relative to station air temperatures, velocities and direction did not correlate closely with calculated or computer-simulated data. Since the WMATA station designs tend to be exceptions, it is not recommended that the SEDH and SES computer program be revised just to improve their applicability to these special designs. While correlation was found relative to underplatform exhaust system efficiencies and train resistor grid temperatures, the field tests were not sufficiently conclusive to support changes to the SEDH of SES computer program. KW - Computer programs KW - Domes KW - Emission control systems KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Exhaust gases KW - Field tests KW - Handbooks KW - Information organization KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resistor grids KW - Resistors KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Validation KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273893 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462004 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION PROGRAM AND SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK VALIDATION THROUGH FIELD TESTING. PART III OF IV: STATION STRATIFICATION AND HEAT SINK TESTS. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/02 SP - 337 p. AB - This technical report is Part III of IV of a project to validate by field tests specific portions of the Subway Environmental Simulation (SES) Computer Program and the Subway Environmental Design Handbook (SEDH) as they relate to stratification of air in high, domed-roof subway stations; gravity-type, station dome relief vents; and the heat sink effect in stations. This report covers the field testing program and comparative computer simulations relative to air stratification in high, domed stations; effectiveness of station air conditioning systems; effectiveness of gravity-type dome reliefs; and the impact of the heat sink effect on station temperatures. The anticipated stratification of the air in the stations did not occur. The gravity-type dome relief systems were found to be not effective with actual air flows generally being much less than simulated flows. Tests of powered-type dome relief systems found air flows close to design flows with train piston action having little effect on these flows. The net heat sink effect over the ten-month test period was found to be almost nil. The net flow was .04 BTU/SF from the structure to the air. During evening rush hour, the heat sink effect amounted to approximately 4% (14 tons) of the station air conditioning load. KW - Air conditioning systems KW - Computer programs KW - Domes KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Field tests KW - Gravity KW - Handbooks KW - Heat sinks KW - Information organization KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resistor grids KW - Resistors KW - Simulation KW - Stratification KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273892 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00462002 AU - De Leuw, Cather and Company AU - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL SIMULATION PROGRAM AND SUBWAY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN HANDBOOK VALIDATION THROUGH FIELD TESTING. PART I OF IV: UNDERPLATFORM EXHAUST SYSTEM AND TRAIN BORNE RESISTOR GRID TEST PROGRAM. FINAL REPORT PY - 1983/02 SP - 260 p. AB - This technical report is Part I of IV of a project to validate by field tests specific portions of the Subway Environmental Simulation (SES) Computer Program and the Subway Environmental Design Handbook (SEDH) as they relate to underplatform exhaust systems; train-borne, naturally-convected resistor grid banks; stratification of air in high domed-roof subway stations; gravity-type, station dome relief vents; and the heat sink effect in stations. This report covers the testing of the underplatform exhaust systems and train-borne, resistor grid banks. To evaluate the performance of the exhaust systems, tests were performed on the installed systems in typical, operating stations in the WMATA subway system. Data was concurrently collected on the resistor grid banks of the test train--their being the primary source of train-generated heat rejected to the stations. This report describes the facility design and experimental program. A presentation of test results and interpretations is included. Test results are compared with corresponding SEDH data. That a relationship exists between underplatform exhaust system efficiency and length of train dwell was confirmed. However, the actual efficiencies were found to be much less than predicted by the SEDH. Measured resistor grid temperatures were found to be within 15% of those predicted by the SEDH. Recommendations will be included in the final report. KW - Computer programs KW - Emission control systems KW - Environment KW - Environmental data KW - Exhaust gases KW - Field tests KW - Handbooks KW - Information organization KW - Platforms KW - Rapid transit cars KW - Resistor grids KW - Resistors KW - Simulation KW - Structural design KW - Subways KW - Tunnel design KW - Tunnels KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/273891 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00387667 AU - Kirby, R F AU - Miller, G K AU - Urban Institute AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - A CASE BOOK OF SHORT-RANGE ACTIONS TO IMPROVE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION PY - 1983/02 SP - v.p. AB - Short-range public transportation improvements--actions which can be fully operational within one or two years--cover a wide range of service alternatives and administrative options. Over the past decade UMTA has funded research and demonstration projects to test a variety of such actions. This volume focuses on three different travel markets: Home-to-work journeys, special user group travel, and general-purpose travel. This report contains brief case studies summarizing the general features of each project; measuring its benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness using standard assumptions; and presenting the appraisals in standardized format. By physically restricting or pricing private automobile ownership, policymakers can provide a relative advantage to high-occupancy modes. Demographic trends suggest that future travel growth in most cities will be in medium-to low-density suburban areas, rather than in suburb-to-downtown corridors. Growing financial pressures will make it virtually impossible for policymakers to continue the transit service and pricing policies of the 1970s. Greater emphasis on short-range actions will require changes in the institutional framework for planning and decision-making. KW - Brokerage KW - Coordination KW - Paratransit services KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Short term KW - Social service agencies KW - Subscription bus service KW - Taxicabs KW - Time duration KW - Transportation planning KW - Vanpools KW - Volunteers KW - Work trips UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/56000/56300/56355/casebookofshort8415unse_0.pdf UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/201591 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00391803 AU - Dane County Regional Planning Commission AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Department of Energy AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - ESTIMATING TRANSPORTATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF RESIDENTIAL LAND TYPES PY - 1983/02 SP - 122 p. AB - A demonstration project to examine the relationships of residential land use development and transportation related energy consumption is reported. Simple factors were developed for transportation energy consumption per dwelling unit for differing residential land use densities and locations in Dane County, Wisconsin. The process used to develop these factors is described. The process used to report these energy consumption factors and impacts to the public, local officials and implementing agency officials is also described. The results of the study include trip frequency rates, average trip length, annual vehicle miles travelled, the gallons of fuel consumed and the costs of that fuel. These factors are produced for single family and multi-family dwelling units and is presented in 2 categories: community class (towns, villages, 4th class cities, and City of Madison), and geographic area (rural, satellite communities, central urban area). A before-and-after survey of key officials revealed that the study served to increase their overall level of awareness by 20%. KW - Before and after studies KW - Costs KW - Fuel consumption KW - Fuel costs KW - Fuels KW - Households KW - Impact studies KW - Land use KW - Local agencies KW - Local government agencies KW - Population KW - Residential areas KW - Rural areas KW - Transportation KW - Trip frequency KW - Trip length KW - Urban areas KW - Vehicle miles of travel UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207066 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468018 AU - Xyzyx Information Corporation AU - New York City Transit Authority AU - Metropolitan Transportation Authority AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IMPROVED MAINTENANCE MANUALS PROJECT. REPORT NO. 2: EVALUATION OF MAINTENANCE MANUALS AND STRATEGIES. TASK NO. IV PY - 1983/02 SP - 98 p. AB - The basic objective of the Improved Maintenance Manuals (IMM) project was to develop guidelines to assist the NYCTA improve its maintenance manuals and strategies. Three technical organizations within the NYCTA participated: Car Maintenance Department, Power Department, and the Maintenance of Way Department. Study methods consisted of observing the 3 departments, surveying the technology external to the NYCTA, reporting the findings and recommending improvements. Topics surveyed included major equipment items maintained, manuals and strategies in use, and personnel support and training used to keep the maintenance technicians at the appropriate skill levels. Documents gathered included lists of equipment, job titles, training programs and maintenance manuals; procurement specifications; and personnel selection criteria. Materials gathered were used to develop the following manuals: Report No. 1: State of the Art in Maintenance; Report No. 2: Evaluation of Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 3: Standards for Maintenance Manuals. Two model/sample manuals were also developed to illustrate how the NYCTA manuals might look if procedural portions were revised to meet the recommended specifications: Report No. 4: Plan for Upgrading Existing Maintenance Manuals; and Report No. 5: Plan for Acquiring Effective Maintenance Manuals With New Equipment Procurements. In addition to the 5 manuals, 2 final reports were issued--one by the contractor and one by the sponsor. This manual, Report No. 2, evaluates maintenance manuals and strategies associated with the use of manuals at the 3 departments at NYCTA. Preliminary conclusions and general recommendations are included. KW - Evaluation KW - Maintenance KW - Maintenance management KW - Manuals KW - New York City Transit Authority KW - State of the art studies KW - Training KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279237 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00468025 AU - Shreveport Metropolitan Planning Commission AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UPDATE 1983-1987 PY - 1983/02 SP - 179 p. AB - The basic objectives of this study were: to develop recommendations for a five year transit development program, and update the Shreveport Urbanized Area Transit Development Program Update, 1977-1981, assess the changes which have taken place within the system since the last TDP update, evaluate the system as it exists today and analyze its performance based on effectiveness and efficiency, and help provide data necessary for reaching decisions and making recommendations on the level of service, operational improvements and capital expenditures. KW - Development KW - Public transit KW - Recommendations KW - Shreveport (Louisiana) KW - Transit development program KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/279244 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00389353 AU - Cabot Consulting Group AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - TRANSPORTATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT: FUEL FUTURES PY - 1983/02 SP - 74 p. AB - The report is designed to provide guidance on the use of fuel futures trading to lock in the price of fuel against volatile changes. While this is a new and different measure to represent a rational and potentially beneficial action for transit operators concerned with rapid changes in fuel price. These measures have applicability in contingency planning to reduce price problems or provide for obtaining necessary fuel supplies in an energy emergency. The report describes the futures market operation in detail and addresses the feasibility of futures market trading in a straight-forward question and answer format. A glossary of market trading terminology is also included. KW - Commodities KW - Diesel fuels KW - Energy crisis KW - Energy resources KW - Fuel consumption KW - Procurement KW - Transit operating agencies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/205431 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00378348 AU - Charles River Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - USER-SIDE SUBSIDIES FOR TAXIS AND BUSES IN MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA PY - 1983/02 SP - 234 p. AB - The Montgomery User-Side Subsidy Demonstration began operation in August 1977. This was one of four demonstrations of the user-side subsidy concept conducted under the UMTA Service and Management Demonstration Program, and involved the provision of reduced fare shared-ride taxi and fixed-route bus service to the elderly and handicapped with the primary objective of increasing their mobility. Eligible individuals who registered with the subsidy program were able to obtain a 50 percent discount on taxi rides through the use of vouchers, and could use tickets to ride buses for free during off-peak hours and for half fare during the peak hours. After vouchers and tickets were used by registrants to pay for rides, service providers redeemed them with the city for full value. This report summarizes the findings of an independent evaluation of the Montgomery project that was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation. User-side subsidies were found to be generally feasible, although a number of specific design and implementation problems were identified, and are described in this report. Project subsidies were utilized principally by the most mobility-disadvantaged segments of the eligible population. These individuals, who typically had low incomes and/or few travel alternatives, used the project to increase slightly their frequency of total tripmaking, and to make some trips that otherwise would have been made by less preferred means. Overall, the Montgomery project provides evidence that user-side subsidies can be a viable and practical technique for facilitating the mobility of the elderly and handicapped. KW - Aged KW - Bus transit KW - Bus transportation (Intracity) KW - Demonstration projects KW - Fixed routes KW - Mobility KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Ridesharing KW - Taxi services KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/191620 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373821 AU - Clough, G W AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN TECHNOLOGY FOR GROUND SUPPORT FOR TUNNELS IN SOIL. VOLUME 3: OBSERVED BEHAVIOR OF AN EARTH PRESSURE BALANCE SHIELD IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY MUD PY - 1983/02 SP - 196 p. AB - Control of ground movements and ground water during tunneling in soil are two of the major issues concerning construction in an urban area. This is the final volume in a 3-volume series dealing with ground control for tunnels constructed by shield techniques in soil. This third volume contains the results of a field monitoring program designed to define the ground support mechanisms exerted by an earth pressure balance shield (EPB). This report is a study of one of the most successful and economic new generation soil tunneling machines--earth pressure balance (EPB) shield. The EPB machine was used for the first time in the United States in 1981 to construct a 12-foot diameter tunnel for the San Francisco Clean Water Program. The tunnel alignment is under a busy city street in a soft soil deposit with a high groundwater table. An extensive instrumentation of the San Francisco tunnel was undertaken to monitor the behavior. This report presents the data obtained and an analysis of the observed behavior. The results showed the EPB shield to have successfully controlled ground movements with a unique face support mechanism. No dewatering was required, and the shield was able to cut through 90 wooden piles during the tunneling. The EPB technology appears to have considerable potential for future use in the U.S. KW - Construction KW - Earth pressure KW - Groundwater KW - Groundwater control KW - Instrumentation KW - Shields (Tunneling) KW - Shields (Tunnels) KW - Soft ground tunneling KW - Soft soils KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189980 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376226 AU - Bridgman, M S AU - Sveinsson, H AU - King, R D AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF NEW BUSES VERSUS REHABILITATED BUSES PY - 1983/02 SP - 59 p. AB - This report presents an economic comparison of new buses versus rehabilitated buses. The comparison focuses on capital costs and on several operations and maintenance (O&M) cost factors. Some factors that could be significant in a complete life cycle cost analysis are not included because of data availability problems. New buses differ from rehabilitated buses in some ways that could not be expressed in this economic analysis (e.g., safety features, passenger amenities). Hence, this report is a comparison of unlike entities. Transit systems may consider factors in addition to costs when evaluating new versus rehabilitated buses. Capital cost data and bus life data are expressed using ranges of values to reflect uncertainties associated with the available data. Annualized capital cost measures are used to account for the different lifetimes of the bus types. Only two O&M cost factors (i.e., fuel economy and roadcalls) could be examined quantitatively. KW - Buses KW - Capital KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Fuel conservation KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Maintenance costs KW - Maintenance management KW - Operating costs KW - Passenger comfort KW - Rehabilitation KW - Reliability KW - Safety UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190301 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373820 AU - Kasali, G AU - Clough, G W AU - Stanford University AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - DEVELOPMENT OF A DESIGN TECHNOLOGY FOR GROUND SUPPORT FOR TUNNELS IN SOIL. VOLUME 2: THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED AND CONVENTIONAL SHIELD TUNNELING PY - 1983/02 SP - 233 p. AB - This report is the second of three volumes dealing with ground control for tunnels constructed by shield techniques in soil. This volume addresses the question of analytically modeling the support mechanisms provided by advance shield machines such as the earth balance shield and the slurry shield, and comparing their response to that of a conventional shield. A three dimensional finite element model is presented that can be used to compare different soil tunneling procedures, and the ground movements that accompany tunnel construction. Parameter studies are described that demonstrate the benefits gained by continuous face support. Sections of this report provide: 1) a review of different shield techniques and the research work related to shield tunneling; 2) the finite element techniques developed to study the different shield techniques; 3) the parametric analyses purported to evolve rational modeling procedures for the different shield types; and 4) comparisons between shield types, and information on ground control processes applicable to the advance shields. The authors state that the three dimensional finite element program developed provides a useful tool to study and compare the shield tunneling techniques. KW - Clay KW - Computer programs KW - Construction KW - Finite element method KW - Ground handling KW - Ground support KW - Shields (Tunneling) KW - Shields (Tunnels) KW - Soft ground tunneling KW - Soft soils KW - Subway construction KW - Subways KW - Tunnel lining KW - Tunneling KW - Tunneling machines UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/189979 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00376225 AU - Bridgman, M S AU - Sveinsson, H AU - Balzer, B B AU - Fowler, B W AU - Battelle Columbus Laboratories AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - BUS REHABILITATION GUIDELINES PY - 1983/02 SP - 245 p. AB - This manual provides managers of transit systems a set of guidelines for evaluating, implementing, and managing a bus rehabilitation program. The guidelines were based on a field study of bus rehabilitation projects in the U.S. Input was also received from bus remanufacturers and from a transit industry committee. Following background information and an overview of the rehabilitation process, the manual discusses key issues in the choice between new buses and rehabilitated buses. Life cycle cost analysis is presented as a decision tool. The merits and demerits of performing rehabilitation in-house versus hiring a contractor are discussed. Next, procurement methods and issues are presented. The two-step bid process is recognized as a mechanism for assuring bid responses only from responsible contractors. Appropriate development of technical specifications is addressed. Finally, the key ingredients for successful management of a rehabilitation program are presented. These guidelines can be used to assist transit systems with the major aspects of bus rehabilitation. KW - Buses KW - Contracting KW - Decision making KW - Driver rehabilitation KW - Guidelines KW - Life cycle analysis KW - Management KW - Procurement KW - Rehabilitation KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/190300 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00373690 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION SYSTEM PY - 1983/02 SP - n.p. AB - ATIS is the generic term for a computer-aided system which provides trip information to transit patrons. Using pathfinding algorithms, ATIS develops itineraries and supplies route, schedule and fare information. They require the interface of a telephone operator who enters information solicited from the customer and then interprets for this user the computer output. It is designed to make operators more productive and the information they supply more accurate. UMTA supported research on use of computers for such applications. A major effort involved the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and a second the Southern California Rapid Transit District. The relative effectiveness of two concepts was appraised. The Los Angeles ATIS share the transit property's mainframe computer while WMATA has a dedicated computer facility. The Washington ATIS covers the entire 1500 sq mi service area; that the SCTRD covers only the 265 sq mi of the San Fernando valley. Productivity of operators has increased; a related change is an increase in usage. History, technical overview, associated uses of the data base and operational experience are discussed. KW - Information processing KW - Marketing KW - Passenger information systems KW - Productivity KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Telephone KW - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/193944 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00372196 AU - Connecticut Department of Transportation AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - URBAN BUS POLICY ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS REPORT PY - 1983/02 SP - v.p. AB - Because the State of Connecticut has become owner and operator of the State's largest regional bus systems and subsidizer of all such operations, financial constraints on State programs and more restrictive Federal government posture have forced a review of the State's role in funding and operating transit. This study investigates options available to policy-makers in order that a comprehensive local urban bus policy may be formulated. Evaluation of management and operating structures was to determine which mechanisms will provide the most effective possible service at the most reasonable cost while meeting established objectives. The second analysis assigns financial responsibility for each of the sponsors and beneficiaries of transit service. The third analysis distributes resources to each area to ensure some desired level of service. Available resources are then distributed to each transit service area; distribution of resources and responsibility among the participants in management is discussed next. Finally the source and method of revenue generation are covered. Alternative taxing mechanisms that local and state government may use are applied to transit financing. KW - Analysis KW - Analytical method KW - Benefit cost analysis KW - Bus services KW - Bus transit KW - Connecticut KW - Finance KW - Financing KW - Local government KW - Policy making KW - State government KW - Subsidies KW - Taxation UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/186284 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00371526 AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Federal Highway Administration TI - MICROCOMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION: GETTING STARTED IN MICROCOMPUTERS: SELECTED READINGS: VOLUME 1 PY - 1983/01 SP - 124 p. AB - The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation provide training and technical assistance in the new and rapidly changing area of transportation application of microcomputers. These two Federal agencies maintain up-to-date microcomputer references for transit and paratransit operators, transportation planners, and traffic engineers. This document is the starting point for those interested in microcomputers. This document is one in a series of selected readings covering technical aspects of microcomputer equipment, software, data communications and other topics. The first section of this report serves as a primer designed to help the human service administrator or worker learn about microcomputers and about how to harness their capabilities. The section is directed at the interested reader who is familiar with human service work but unfamiliar with the arts of electronics, systems analysis, or data processing. Simple examples are used throughout, and technical language is kept to a minimum. The second section of this report provides basic information that can be used to evaluate and select a microcomputer. It contains a description of twelve microcomputer characteristics, including a detailed description of microcomputer software, and a review of twenty-nine models of computers. The third section provides reference readings. A related report titled Microcomputers in Transportation: Software and Source Book is available from UMTA (URT-41) or FHWA (HHP-22). KW - Information processing KW - Information systems KW - Microcomputers KW - Paratransit services KW - Planning KW - Public transit KW - Specifications UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/184867 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00392940 AU - Southern California Rapid Transit District AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration AU - Office of the Secretary of Transportation TI - JOINT DEVELOPMENT AND VALUE CAPTURE IN LOS ANGELES: LOCAL POLICY FORMULATION PY - 1983/01 SP - 113 p. AB - This report describes the process used by the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) to promote developer interest in joint development and value capture along the routes of the planned Los Angeles rail line. The document includes the policies which were formulated, and explores the "centers" concept, which is the basis of the city's general plan, and shows how station-area development is being planned to support these broader development objectives. Specific alternatives for implementation of joint development or value capture are described in some detail. The report should be especially valuable for staffs of elected officials in larger cities, or for people with city planning or transportation financing responsibilities. KW - Joint development KW - Local government KW - Rapid transit KW - Southern California Rapid Transit District KW - Urban transportation KW - Value capture UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/207898 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00490392 AU - Mayworm, P D AU - Lago, A M AU - Ecosometrics, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSIT FARE PREPAYMENT: A GUIDE FOR TRANSIT MANAGERS PY - 1983/01 SP - 174 p. AB - Transit fare prepayment programs grew rapidly during the past decade with most companies today offering riders several prepayment options. This growth has not been without costs. The purpose of this manual is to provide transit managers with the information and tools necessary to make informed decisions on the design and pricing of fare prepayment plans. This manual presents information on the true benefits and costs of operating fare prepayment plans. Guidelines on selecting the appropriate plans and distribution methods are presented. The manual presents guidelines on pricing fare prepayment plans in order to capture passenger revenues. A series of straightforward equations are also provided to assist the transit manager in estimating the impacts of changes in a fare prepayment program. This report contains a glossary of terms, a bibliography, and a discussion of some of the fare prepayment demonstration projects. KW - Bus transportation KW - Costs KW - Fare collection KW - Fare prepayment KW - Management KW - Manuals KW - Passes KW - Pricing KW - Public transit KW - Tickets KW - Tokens KW - Transit management KW - Umta section 6 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/299444 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00471496 AU - McDonald Transit Associates, Incorporated AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - FAYETTEVILLE/SPRINGDALE TRANSIT FEASIBILITY STUDY. PHASE II PY - 1983/01 SP - v.p. AB - Implementation program for the start up of user-side subsidized taxi service for the elderly and handicapped in the Springdale, Arkansas area using the existing C & H Taxi Service is presented. KW - Aged KW - Feasibility analysis KW - Persons with disabilities KW - Springdale (Arkansas) KW - Taxi services KW - Umta section 9 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - User side subsidies UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/281772 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00377132 AU - Sosslau, A B AU - Comsis Corporation AU - Federal Highway Administration AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS' GUIDE TO USING THE 1980 CENSUS PY - 1983/01 SP - v.p. AB - This document describes data available from the 1980 decennial Census which is of value to the transportation planner. An important part of the document is related to uses of Census data for analytical and model purposes. Chapter One serves as a summary of the information contained in Chapters Two through Six and provides information for the Executive who is considering the Census data and its uses for planning. Chapter Two describes information available and reporting mechanisms used by the Census Bureau in their normal decennial data distribution. Chapter Three presents the content of a special Urban Transportation Planning Package which brings together, in one tape release for each metropolitan area, those data items most useful to transportation planners. This tape is not a normal Census Bureau release and must be purchased. The most important features of this package include data available on a tract or zone basis and the trip information available for the journey-to-work. Chapter Four describes some data collection efforts which may be considered by the planner to supplement the Census data. Chapters Five and Six present uses of the Census data for analysis and model-related purposes, respectively. Uses covered include assessing the current situation, evaluating trends, transit planning, accessibility analysis, locating park-and-ride lots, land use and arterial spacing considerations, providing input to planning models as well as model calibration and development. KW - Accessibility KW - Census KW - Databases KW - Land use KW - Metropolitan areas KW - Park and ride KW - Standard metropolitan statistical area KW - Transportation planning KW - Urban transportation KW - Work trips KW - Zone UR - http://ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/CNS.html UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/194007 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00382283 AU - Kvashny, A AU - West Virginia University, Morgantown AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - VISUAL AESTHETIC IMPACTS OF AGT GUIDEWAYS PY - 1983/01 SP - 96 p. AB - Research discussed in this report developed and tested several of the implementable assessment and display techniques identified in the report AGT Aesthetics. The objective of the research was to develop a visual assessment methodology that would achieve the following: 1) apply recognized principles of urban design to AGT guideways; 2) identify key visual aesthetic impact issues; 3) identify specific interest groups which might have different opinions regarding visual impacts; 4) measure preferences of interest groups for alternative design characteristics; and 5) assist in developing guidelines for minimizing negative impacts and maximizing positive impacts. The report presents a methodology for assessing preferences of the public for alternative AGT guideway designs. The methodology was developed and tested in Morgantown, West Virginia. The methodology statistically analyzes expressed preferences (on a ten point scale) for alternatives depicted on photo-montages. Significance of differences in preference among different interest groups (business, community organizations, the general public) as well as differences in preference for design features (guideway location, height, column spacing, and architecture) can be evaluated. The method also allows comparison of street-level appearances with and without the guideway. The method, developed after an extensive literature review and several pilot studies, is described in Chapter 3 and illustrated in Chapter 4. Study results are presented in Chapter 5. KW - Aesthetics KW - Architecture KW - Automated guideway transit KW - Guideway design KW - Guideways KW - Morgantown (West Virginia) KW - Public participation KW - Railroad stations KW - Station design KW - Structural design KW - Surveys KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Visual intrusions UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/198347 ER - TY - RPRT AN - 00381029 AU - Yu, J C AU - Pang, LMG AU - University of Utah, Salt Lake City AU - Urban Mass Transportation Administration TI - IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING OF TRANSPORTATION COST REDUCTIONS THROUGH ENERGY CONSERVATION STRATEGIES. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PY - 1983/01 SP - 7 p. AB - For many urban transportation agencies, energy conservation is one of the important goals in the development of their respective transportation programs. However, there is currently little information available to determine which strategoes to implement and in which order to apply each of these strategies. This report responds to these concerns and details an analytical methodology for developing a comprehensive transportation energy conservation (TEC) program within an urban environment. Such a methodology is needed because of the high cost and the projected shortage of energy, the lack of an effective and comprehensive TEC evaluation tool, and the requirement for the optimal allocation of limited transportation funds. The objectives of this research were to: 1) compile data on TEC strategies through a literature search and contacts with concerned agencies in the United States; 2) identify and assess impact measures relative to TEC strategies; 3) develop a cost-effectiveness methodology for evaluating and ranking the various TEC strategies under given situations; and 4) apply the developed methodology to real-world cases in order to demonstrate its usefulness and practicability. A number of desirable features incorporated into the methodology are: 1) a comprehensive accounting of all relevant TEC strategy impacts; 2) an aproach to assure compatibility among tangible and intangible impacts; 3) the link of the theoretical framework to the actual public decision-making; 4) the application of the multiattribute utility theory to the subjective impact assessment; and 5) an employment of the cost-Metropolitan Area in Utah has demonstrated the methodology's utility, ease of application, and favorability by decision-makers and responsible agencies. KW - Cost effectiveness KW - Decision making KW - Energy conservation KW - Impact studies KW - Operating strategies KW - Transportation planning KW - Umta section 11 KW - Urban Mass Transportation Act KW - Urban transportation KW - Utah UR - https://trid.trb.org/view/197474 ER -